TY - JOUR AB - Uraba lugens (gum leaf skeletoniser) is a serious pest of Eucalyptus spp. in Australia. It is now well established in the greater Auckland region, and is spreading. Two parasitoid species are under consideration as potential biological control agents of U. lugens. This paper describes host range testing methods developed using one of these species (Cotesia urabae) against two non-target species, Helicoverpa armígera and Spodoptera litura. Using sequential no-choice tests to test the response of mated C. urabae females, clear preferences were observed for U. lugens over both non-target test species. Some females did attempt to attack the non-target species, but no evidence of parasitism was observed when non-target hosts were reared or dissected. This method elucidated both behavioural responses and physiological development of C. urabae, and it is proposed to be a suitable host range testing method for full evaluation of this species. AU - Berndt, L. A. AU - Mansfield, S. AU - Withers, T. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allen, G.R., Influence of host behaviour and host size on the success of oviposition of Cotesia urabae and Dolichogenidea eucalypti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1990) Journal of Insect Behaviour, 3 (6), pp. 733-749; Barratt, B.I.P., Microctonus parasitoids and New Zealand weevils: Comparing laboratory estimates of host ranges to realized host ranges (2004) Assessing host ranges of parasitoids and predators used for classical biological control: A guide to best practice, pp. 103-120. , Van Dreische R, Reardon R ed, United States Forest Service Publication, USA. Pp; Barratt BIP, Berndt LA, Dodd SL, Ferguson CM, Hill RH, Kean JM, Teulon DAJ, Withers TM 2007. BIREA - Biocontrol Information Resource for ERMA New Zealand Applicants, www.b3nz.org/birea/ (accessed 9 May 2007); Barton Browne, L., Withers, T.M., Time-dependent changes in the host-acceptance threshold of insects: Implications for host specificity testing of candidate biological control agents (2002) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 12, pp. 677-693; Berndt, L.A., Uraba lugens biological control progressing nicely (2007) Forest Health News, pp. 169,1; Coombs, M., Estimating the host range of the tachinid Trichopoda giacomellii, introduced into Australia for biological control of the green vegetable bug (2004) Assessing host ranges of parasitoids and predators used for classical biological control : A guide to best practice, pp. 143-151. , Van Dreische R, Reardon R ed, United States Forest Service Publication, USA. Pp; Mansfield S, Watson MC, Kriticos DJ, Potter KJB 2005. Uraba lugens (Nolidae) biological control studies 2004/2005. Contract Report for Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity Authority. Ensis, Rotorua, New Zealand. 22 pp; Van Driesche, R.G., Murray, T.J., Overview of testing schemes and designs used to estimate host ranges (2004) Assessing host ranges of parasitoids and predators used for classical biological control: A guide to best practice, pp. 68-89. , Van Dreische R, Reardon R ed, United States Forest Service Publication, USA. Pp; Withers TM 2003. The potential for biological control of Uraba lugens (Nolidae). Contract Report for Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity Authority, NZ Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand. 20 pp; Withers, T.M., Barton Browne, L., Behavioural and physiological processes affecting outcomes of host range testing (2004) Assessing host ranges of parasitoids and predators used for classical biological control: A guide to best practice, pp. 103-120. , Van Dreische R, Reardon R ed, United States Forest Service Publication, USA. Pp; Withers, T.M., Mansfield, S., Choice or no-choice tests? Effects of experimental design on the expression of host range (2005) USDA Forest Service Bulletin, pp. 620-633. , Hoddle MS ed. Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Pp PY - 2007 SP - 286-290 ST - A method for host range testing of a biological control agent for Uraba lugens T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A method for host range testing of a biological control agent for Uraba lugens UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548810779&partnerID=40&md5=811fa7e21da787330f966f7760e8ffbe VL - 60 ID - 553 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Concern about the poor health of oak trees in Auckland was raised in 2001. An intensive investigation of oak trees showing symptoms of decline (twig and branch dieback, epicormic growth, trunk cankers, bark loss and tree death) was conducted in the Auckland area during 2006. Disease symptoms on trees at 13 sites were documented and samples of leaves, stems, trunks, roots and soil collected. Soil samples were tested for the presence of soil-borne fungi using baiting techniques. Fungi and bacteria from plant tissues and soil were identified using either morphological characteristics, biochemical testing or molecular techniques. The investigation resulted in a range of fungi and bacteria being identified. One fungus new to New Zealand was detected and several new host associations observed. No particular organism was implicated as the cause of the oak decline, but several fungi and bacteria were likely contributors to the tree decline and death in Auckland. AU - Braithwaite, M. AU - Inglis, C. AU - Dick, M. A. AU - Ramsfield, T. D. AU - Waipara, N. W. AU - Beever, R. E. AU - Pay, J. M. AU - Hill, C. F. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2004) Crop Protection Compendium, Apiognomonia errabunda data sheet, , http://www.cabi.org/ compendia/cpc, CABI International. Available online at:, last accessed 30 April, Anon; Brasier CM, Strouts RG 1976. Taxonomy of Phytophthora on trees in Britain I. Phytophthora root rot and bleeding canker of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). European Journal of Forest Pathology 6: 129-136; Collett, G., One Tree Hill Domain - Maungakiekie - Oak Avenues (2006) Review of Dead and Dying Oaks, , Arborist report for Auckland City Council Parks and Streetscape Services, Treecare Services Ltd, Auckland. 31 pp; Cooke, D.E.L., Drenth, A., Duncan, J.M., Wagels, G., Brasier, C.M., A molecular phylogeny of Phytophthora and related Oomycetes (2000) Fungal Genetics and Biology, 30, pp. 17-32; Dance, M.H., Newhook, F.J., Cole, J., Bioassay of Phytophthora spp. in soil (1975) Plant Disease Reporter, 69, pp. 523-527; Erwin, D.C., Ribero, O.K., (1996) Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide, p. 39. , APS Press, St Paul, USA. p; Gennaro, M., Gonthier, P., Nicolotti, G., Fungal endophytic communities in healthy and declining Quercus robur and Q. cerris trees in northern Italy (2003) Journal of Phytopathology, 151, pp. 529-534; Godfrey, S.A.C., Harrow, S.A., Marshall, J.W., Klena, J.D., Characterisation by 16S rRNA sequence analysis of Pseudomonads causing blotch disease of cultivated Agaricus bisporus (2001) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, pp. 4316-4323; Jones, R.K., Grand, L.F., (2000) Slime Flux/Wet Wood, , http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/pp/notes/oldnotes/od8.htm, North Carolina State University, Ornamental Disease Note No. 8. 1 p. Available online at:, last accessed 30 April 2007; Jung, T., Cooke, D.E.L., Blaschke, H., Duncan, J.M., Oßwald, W., Phytophthora quercina sp. nov., causing root rot of European oaks (1999) Mycological Research, 103, pp. 785-798; Mergaert, J., Hauben, L., Cnockaert, M.C., Swings, J., (1999) Reclassification of non-pigmented Erwinia herbicola strains from trees as Erwinia billingiae sp. nov. International Journal of Systemic Bacteriology, 49, pp. 377-383; Miller D 1925. Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand. New Zealand State Forest Service, Bulletin No 2. WAG Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.76 pp; Miller, D., Common Insects of New Zealand (1971) AH and AW Reed, , Wellington. 178 pp; Pearce, M., Williams-Woodward, J., Key to diseases of oaks in the landscape (2005) The University of Georgia Co-operative Extension Bulletin, 1287. , http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubs/PDF/B1286.pdf, 16 pp. Available online at:, last accessed 30 April; Ragazzi, A., Moricca, S., Capretti, P., Dellavalle, I., Endophytic presence of Discula quercina on declining Quercus cerris (1999) Journal of Phytopathology, 147, pp. 437-440; Robertson, G.I., The genus Pythium in New Zealand (1980) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 18, pp. 73-102; Sinclair, W.A., Lyon, H.H., Oak Anthracnose (2005) Diseases of Trees and Shrubs, p. 100. , Second Edition. Cornell University Press, New York. p; Southey JF 1986. Principles of sampling for nematodes. In: Southey JF ed. Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes. Reference Book 402, ADAS Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, HMSO, London, UK; Werres, S., Hahn, R., Themann, K., Application of different techniques to detect Phytophthora spp. in roots of commercially produced Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (1997) Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 104, pp. 474-482; White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Amplifiation and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics (1990) Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, pp. 315-332. , Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ ed, Academic Press, San Diego. Pp; Whitehead, A.G., Hemming, J.R., A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting some small vermiform nematodes from soil (1965) Annals of Applied, , Biology PY - 2007 SP - 297-303 ST - Investigation of oak tree decline in the Auckland region T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Investigation of oak tree decline in the Auckland region UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548707582&partnerID=40&md5=b4ef164c3fef992137d38b52301a9b27 VL - 60 ID - 532 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Collaborative research between New Zealand and Australia has investigated field-applied fungicides and postharvest treatments for control of asparagus rust (caused by Puccinia asparagi) and phomopsis stem blight of asparagus (caused by Phomopsis asparagi) in Queensland. In a 2004 field trial, the fungicides difenoconazole and propiconazole reduced the incidence of asparagus rust. In a 2005 field trial, four fungicides (carbendazim, chlorothalonil, iprodione and propiconazole) reduced the severity of phomopsis stem blight. Postharvest disinfection with sodium hypochlorite or with calcium hypochlorite at 150 ppm was highly effective at reducing Pu. asparagi and Ph. asparagi spore germination on water agar. Integrated disease management based on field and postharvest methods are suggested to reduce the risk of importation of the diseases to New Zealand. Similar methods could be used for controlling these diseases if they establish. AU - Cheah, L. H. AU - Horlock, C. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beasley, D., Horlock, C.M., Cheah, L.-H., Phomopsis stem blight of asparagus: Field survey and fungicide screening (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, p. 346. , abstract only; Cheah, L.-H., Horlock, C.M., Davis, R.D., Field survey to assess spread of new asparagus diseases in Queensland (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 106-108; Cheah, L.-H., Horlock, C.M., Beasley, D.R., Cultural methods for management of asparagus diseases (2005) Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference, p. 250; Elmer, W.H., Johnson, D.A., Mink, G.I., Epidemiology and management of the diseases causal to asparagus decline (1996) Plant Disease, 80, pp. 117-125; Horlock, C.M., Beasley, D.R., Cheah, L.-H., Control of Phomopsis stem blight of asparagus (2005) Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference, p. 326; Ogawal, K., Adipala, E., Owera, S.A., Singh, B.P., Effectiveness of climate, cultivar, and fungicide in controlling rust in asparagus (1999) Acta Horticulturae, 479, pp. 199-203; Punithalingam E 1990. Phomopsis asparagi. C.M.I. Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No. 1017. CAB International Mycological Institute, Surrey, England. 3 pp; Sonoda, T., Uragami, A., Kaji, K., Evaluation of Asparagus officinalis cultivars for resistance to stem blight by using a novel inoculation method (1997) HortScience, 32, pp. 1085-1086 PY - 2007 SP - 94-98 ST - Field-applied fungicides and postharvest treatments to control asparagus diseases posing biosecurity threats to New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Field-applied fungicides and postharvest treatments to control asparagus diseases posing biosecurity threats to New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548758454&partnerID=40&md5=4a6a178b8e507e455dbc1f77bdac2b37 VL - 60 ID - 552 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) is a major pest of horticultural crops worldwide, and in New Zealand it is particularly damaging on citrus, avocados and ornamentals. Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis development, oviposition and longevity were determined at five constant temperatures (16, 18, 20, 23 and 25°C) on unripe Yenben lemon fruit. Total developmental time (egg to adult) ranged from 72.9 days at 16°C to 28.4 days at 25°C. The rate of H. haemorrhoidalis oviposition was highest at 25°C, with an average of 1.4 eggs laid per day. Mean adult longevity ranged from 89.9 days at 25°C to 124 days at 16°C. It was estimated that 419.8 degree-days, above a lower threshold temperature of 10.1°C, were required to complete development from egg to adult. The developmental time predictions obtained from the degree-day model were validated under variable field conditions. Actual developmental times were generally within one day of times predicted by the model. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Stevens, P. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bernai, J., González, D., Temperature requirements of four parasites of the Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (1993) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 69, pp. 173-182; Blank, R., Gill, G., (1997) Greenhouse thrips. The Orchardist, pp. 27-29. , March; Del Bene, G., Gargani, E., Landi, S., Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): life cycle, harmfulness, control (1998) Advances in Horticultural Science, 12, pp. 31-37; Edelson, J.V., Majaro, J.J., Development of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, as a function of temperature (1988) The Southwestern Entomologist, 13, pp. 171-176; Fatzinger, C.W., Dixon, W.N., Degree-day models for predicting levels of attack by slash pine flower thrips (Thysanoptera:Phlaeothripidae) and the phenology of female strobilus development on slash pine (1996) Environmental Entomology, 25, pp. 727-735; Froud, K.J., Stevens, P.S., Life table comparison between the parasitoid Thripobius semiluteus and its host Greenhouse Thrips (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 232-235; Lewis, T., (1973) Thrips: Their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance, , Academic Press, London. 349 pp; Mound, L.A., Walker, A.K., Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera) (1982) Fauna of New Zealand, , Science and Information Division, DSIR, Wellington. 120 pp; Murai, T., Development and reproductive capacity of Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its potential as a major pest (2001) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 91, pp. 193-198; Rivnay, E., Studies on the biology and ecology of Retithrips syriacus Mayet, with special attention to its occurrence in Palestine (1939) Bulletin de la Societie Royale Entomologique d'Egypte, 23, pp. 150-182; Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J., (1981) Biometry: The principles and practice of statistics in biological research, , W, H. Freeman, San Francisco, USA. 859 pp PY - 2007 SP - 50-55 ST - Effect of temperature on the development, longevityand oviposition of greenhouse thrips (Heuothrips haemorrhoidalis) on lemon fruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of temperature on the development, longevityand oviposition of greenhouse thrips (Heuothrips haemorrhoidalis) on lemon fruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548731855&partnerID=40&md5=0bc5765368fe9211a973fa24927d88e0 VL - 60 ID - 525 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effect of pyridine compounds on the capture of thrips was examined in an Auckland, New Zealand, capsicum greenhouse in 2004. Yellow sticky traps were positioned just above the crop canopy in a rectangular array with 6 traps per compound and 6 control traps, 20-24 m apart, and left for 24 h. Most thrips found on traps were Frankliniella occidentalis (>99%). Fourteen times more female F. occidentalis were captured on traps with methyl isonicotinate or ethyl isonicotinate than on controls. Sticky traps treated with methyl 4-pyridyl ketone also caught more female F. occidentalis than controls (4.5x). Sticky traps with methyl isonicotinate caught more male F occidentalis (up to 5.2x) than controls. Ethyl-2-chloropyridine-4-carboxylate and ethyl nicotinate did not increase trap catches of either sex. The results demonstrated that selected pyridine compounds have the potential to improve trap capture of F. occidentalis in a covered crop. AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Winkler, S. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00554.x M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2007 SP - 56-60 ST - Pyridine compounds increase trap capture of Frankliniella occidentals (pergande) in a covered crop T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pyridine compounds increase trap capture of Frankliniella occidentals (pergande) in a covered crop UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548799168&partnerID=40&md5=9880a8f0a12ef95e969cb97e9995f901 VL - 60 ID - 511 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effect of crop sequence, pasture species mixture and nitrogen fertiliser on gorse establishment was monitored over 23 months in land converted from pine forest to a dryland sheep pasture. There were fewer gorse plants in plots sown initially into the forage crop triticale and then into grass-legume pasture than plots sown directly into grass or grass-legume pasture. Once the triticale was grazed, under-sowing grass-legume pasture beneath rape to establish clover rich pastures suppressed gorse more than sowing grass-legume pasture directly. There was no effect of nitrogen fertiliser applied at 150 kg N/ha/year on gorse plant density or cover. Appropriate management tools to control gorse in forest to pasture conversions include a combination of crop sequences where forage crops are followed by pasture and the establishment of pasture legume rich herbage. This type of pasture is preferred by livestock and results in high grazing intensity of gorse seedlings growing in the pasture. AU - Edwards, G. R. AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Maxwell, T. M. R. AU - Marshall, A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, N.L., Hardwick, S., Eerens, J.P.J., James, T.K., Managing biological succession in intensive pasture ecosystems for improved production and sustainability (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 271-280; Grubb, P.J., Suter, M.B., (1970) The mechanisms of acidification of soil by Calluna and Ulex and the significance of conservation, pp. 115-133. , Duffy E, Watt AS ed. Symposia of British Ecological Society. Pp; Hartley, M.J., Phung, H.T., Effect of pasture species and grazing on survival of seedling gorse (1979) Proceedings of the 32nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 193-196; Hartley, M.J., Phung, H.T., Effects of pasture species, fertilizer, and grazing management on the survival of gorse seedlings (1982) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 10, pp. 193-196; Hawke, M.F., Conversion of forestry land back to pasture (2004) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 66, pp. 157-162; Lloyd, D.A., Condron, L.M., Edwards, G.R., Forest to pasture conversion - the soil quality challenge (2007) Fertilizer and Lime Research Conference, , Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand in press; Popay, A.I., Allan, C.J., Edmonds, D.K., Lyttle, L.A., Phung, H.T., Effects of pasture species, lime and fertiliser on gorse seedling regeneration (1990) Proceedings of the 43rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 170-173; Thompson, A., The effect of fertilizers and pasture competition on gorse growth and establishment (1974) Proceedings of the 27th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 6-10 PY - 2007 SP - 141-145 ST - Control of gorse (ulex europaeus) in dryland pasture converted from pinus radiata forest T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of gorse (ulex europaeus) in dryland pasture converted from pinus radiata forest UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548749184&partnerID=40&md5=61f5ffd7adf01b96a8f179dca85c1804 VL - 60 ID - 512 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Avocado fruit rots are most commonly caused by five fungi, Colletotrichum acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, Botryosphaeria parva, B. dothidea and Phomopsis sp. These rots are controlled by applying copper fungicides in the field on eight occasions during the season. Alternatives to standard copper fungicides were screened in the laboratory against these five pathogens for inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth. In total seven fungicides were tested (boscalid, boscalid/pyraclostrobin, three formulations of copper hydroxide, copper hydroxosulphate and dithianon). The effective concentration at which 50% of spore germination or mycelial growth was inhibited (EC50) was calculated for each fungicide. The EC50 values for spore germination were lowest for boscalid/pyraclostrobin and dithianon, and were ≤ 18.5 μg/ml against all five test fungi. For boscalid/pyraclostrobin all EC 50 values were ≤7 μg/ml. Copper formulations effectively inhibited spore germination by 50% at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μg/ml to 141 μg/ml, but were less effective against mycelial growth. AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Timudo-Torrevilla, O. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anahosur, K.H., Padaganur, G.M., Hegde, R.K., Laboratory evaluation of fungicides against Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, the causal organism of seedling blight of Eucalyptus hybrid (1977) Pesticides, 11, pp. 44-45; Binyamini, N., Schiffmann-Nadel, M., Latent infection in avocado fruit due to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (1972) Phytopathology, 62 (6), pp. 592-594; Coates, L.M., Muirhead, I.F., Irwin, J.A.G., Gowanlock, D.H., Initial infection processes by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on avocado fruit (1993) Mycological Research, 97 (11), pp. 1363-1370; Corden, M.E., Young, R.E., Evaluation of eradicant soil fungicides in the laboratory (1962) Phytopathology, 52, pp. 503-509; Everett, K.R., Neilson, H.F., Evaluation of fungicides for control of Alternaria leaf spot of Pseudopanax (1996) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 24, pp. 267-272; Everett, K.R., Owen, S.G., Cutting, J.G.M., Testing efficacy of fungicides against postharvest pathogens of avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 89-95; Everett, K.R., Boyd, L.M., Pak, H.A., Cutting, J.G.M., Calcium, fungicide sprays and canopy density influence postharvest rots of avocado (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36 (1), pp. 22-31; Hartill, W.F.T., Everett, K.R., Inoculum sources and infection pathways of pathogens causing stem-end rots of 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana) (2002) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30 (4), pp. 249-260; Merrington, G., Rogers, S.L., Zwieten, L., The potential impact of long-term copper fungicide usage on soil microbial biomass and microbial activity in an avocado orchard (2002) Australian Journal of Soil Research, 40 (5), pp. 749-759; Sharma, J.K., Mohanan, C., In vitro evaluation of fungicides against Cylindrocladium spp. causing diseases of Eucalyptus in Kerala, India (1990) European Journal of Forest Pathology, 21 (1), pp. 17-26; Spiegel, J., Stammler, G., Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa and M. fructigena to pyraclostrobin and boscalid (2006) Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 113 (5), pp. 199-206; Stammler, G., Speakman, J., Microtiter method to test the sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to Boscalid (2006) Journal of Phytopathology, 154, pp. 508-510; Willingham, S.L., Pegg, K.G., Coates, L.M., Cooke, A.W., Dean, J.R., Langdon, P.W.B., Beasley, D.R., Field management of avocado postharvest diseases (2001) Acta Horticulturae, 2 (553), pp. 435-438; Zwieten, L., Rust, J., Kingston, T., Merrington, G., Morris, S., Influence of copper fungicide residues on occurrence of earthworms in avocado orchard soils (2004) Science of the Total Environment, 329 (1-3), pp. 29-41 PY - 2007 SP - 99-103 ST - In vitro fungicide testing for control of Avocado fruit rots T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - In vitro fungicide testing for control of Avocado fruit rots UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548769254&partnerID=40&md5=a57f51933f842afd86441cfecda2fa4a VL - 60 ID - 508 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Control of pre-harvest summer rot in cv. Royal Gala apple in the Waikato district during the 2006/2007 growing season was evaluated. There were six treatments and an unsprayed control. Three treatments investigated the effect of timing by applying tolyfluanid, mancozeb, captan and copper sequentially at 10-14 day intervals in October and early November (spring), November and December (early summer) or January and February (late summer). The fourth treatment was two applications of carbendazim in early October (flowering) and there were two biological control treatments, Bacillus subtilis QST713 and Serraria marcescens HR42, applied at 10-14 day intervals from flowering (October) to harvest (February). Compared with the unsprayed treatment, the most effective control was achieved by fungicide applications during either November/December or January /February. Due to large variation in the data, differences were not statistically significant, but mean lesion diameter at final assessment for these treatments was 29% and 35% of controls, respectively. The other treatments did not control rots. AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Timudo-Torrevilla, O. E. AU - Taylor, J. T. AU - Yu, J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Brook, P.J., Glomerella cingulata and bitter rot of apple (1977) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 20 (4), pp. 547-555; Cunnington, J.H., Priest, M.J., Powney, R.A., Cother, N.J., Diversity of Botryosphaeria species on horticultural plants in Victoria and New South Wales (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36, pp. 157-159; Dingley JM 1969. Records of Plant Diseases in New Zealand. A.R. Shearer, Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand; Jones, A.L., Aldwinckle, H.S., (1990) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases, , APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; Kim, D., Uhm, J., Effect of application timing of ergosterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides on the suppression of disease and latent infection of apple white rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (2002) Journal of General Plant Pathology, 68 (3), pp. 237-245; Lardner, R., Johnston, P.R., Plummer, K.M., Pearson, M.N., Morphological and molecular analysis of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato (1999) Mycological Research, 103 (3), pp. 275-285; Powers, P.S., Bannon, Y., Eubanks, R., McCormick, T., Quetiapine in anorexia nervosa patients: An open label outpatient pilot study (2007) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40 (1), pp. 21-26; (2007) New Zealand Agrichemical Manual, , Young S ed, Agri Media Ltd, Ashcroft House, Tancreds Road, Christchurch PY - 2007 SP - 15-20 ST - Fungicide timing for control of summer rots of apples T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Fungicide timing for control of summer rots of apples UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548741715&partnerID=40&md5=3b989ba85c1cf14fa6767913f67c077d VL - 60 ID - 509 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The nucleopolyhedrovirus EppoNPV can control larvae of the leafroller Epiphyas postvittana in the field, but has varying effects on New Zealand's other leafroller pests. An understanding of the infection process at the genetic/molecular level within the leafroller complex may lead to strategies to enhance the effectiveness of the virus. Microarray technology was used to examine the effects of viral infection on gene expression levels in E. postvittana gut tissue. The results show that a 5 day infection with EppoNPV caused a significant down-regulation of several E. postvittana genes, many of which were consistent with a response to injury or stress, or with the triggering of apoptosis (such as components of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway). The majority of the expressed viral sequences detected are structural genes and genes associated with late gene expression. These data provide a basis from which to compare EppoNPV infection in other less susceptible leafroller species. AU - Gatehouse, H. S. AU - Markwick, N. P. AU - Poulton, J. AU - Ward, V. K. AU - Young, V. AU - Wilson, S. AU - Dellow, R. AU - Sneddon, K. AU - Gatehouse, L. N. AU - Simpson, R. M. AU - Janssen, B. J. AU - Bishop, R. AU - Schaffer, R. J. AU - Christeller, J. T. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Belyavskyi, M., Braunagel, S.C., Summers, M.D., The structural protein ODV-EC27 of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus is a multifunctional viral cyclin (1998) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 95 (19), pp. 11205-11210; Clarke, T.E., Clem, R.J., Insect defenses against virus infection: The role of apoptosis (2003) International Reviews of Immunology, 22, pp. 401-424; Clem, R.J., The role of apoptosis in defense against baculovirus infection in insects (2005) Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 289, pp. 113-130; Dimopoulos, G., Christophides, G.K., Meister, S., Schultz, J., White, K.P., Barillas-Mury, C., Kafatos, F.C., Genome expression of Anopheles gambiae: Responses to injury, bacterial challenge, and malaria infection (2002) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 99, pp. 8814-8819; Fujii, J., Taniguchi, N., Down regulation of superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (1999) Free Radical Research, 31, pp. 301-308; Green, D.R., Reed, J.C., Mitochondria and apoptosis (1998) Science, 281 (5381), pp. 1309-1312; Hawtin, R.E., Zarkowska, T., Arnold, K., Thomas, C.J., Gooday, G.W., King, L.A., Kuzio, J.A., Possee, R.D., Liquefaction of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus-infected insects is dependent on the integrity of virus-encoded chitinase and cathepsin genes (1997) Virology, 238, pp. 243-253; Hyink, O., Dellow, R.A., Olsen, M.J., Caradoc-Davies, M.B., Drake, K., Herniou, E.A., Cory, J.S., Ward, V.K., Whole genome analysis of the Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus (2002) Journal of General Virology, 83, pp. 957-971; Hyink, O., Graves, S., Fairbairn, F.M., Ward, V.K., Mapping and polyhedrin gene analysis of the Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus genome (1998) Journal of General Virology, 79, pp. 2853-2862; Iorio, C., Vialard, J.E., McCracken, S., Lagace, M., Richardson, C.D., The late expression factors 8 and 9 and possibly phosphoprotein p78/83 of Autographa californica Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus are components of the virus-induced RNA polymerase (1998) Intervirology, 41 (1), pp. 35-46; Irving, P., Troxler, L., Heuer, T.S., Belvin, M., Kopczynski, C., Reichhart, J.M., Hoffmann, J.A., Hetru, C., A genome-wide analysis of immune responses in Drosophila (2001) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 98 (26), pp. 15119-15124; Krishnan, N., Kodrik, D., Antioxidant enzymes in Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval): Are they enhanced to protect gut tissues during oxidative stress? (2006) Journal of Insect Physiology, 52, pp. 11-20; Krishnan, N., Sehnal, F., Compartmentalization of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in the larval gut of Spodoptera littoralis (2006) Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 63, pp. 1-10; MacCollum, G.B., Reed, E.M., A nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (1971) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 18, pp. 337-343; Maguire, T., Harrison, P., Hyink, O., Kalmakoff, J., Ward, V.K., The inhibitors of apoptosis of Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus (2000) Journal of General Virology, 81, pp. 2803-2811; Markwick, N., Graves, S., Fairbairn, F.M., Docherty, L.C., Poulton, J., Ward, V.K., Infectivity of Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus for New Zealand leafrollers (2002) Biological Control, 25, pp. 207-214; Mignotte, B., Vayssiere, J.-L., Mitochondria and apoptosis (1998) European Journal of Biochemistry, 252, pp. 1-15; Okano, K., Shimada, T., Mita, K., Maeda, S., Comparative expressed-sequence-tag analysis of differential gene expression profiles in BmNPV-infected BmN cells (2001) Virology, 282 (2), pp. 348-356; Ragno, S., Estrada-Garcia, I., Butler, R., Colston, M.J., Regulation of macrophage gene expression by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Down-regulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (1998) Infection and Immunity, 66, pp. 3953-3958; Sanchez-Alcazar, J.A., Schneider, E., Hernandez-Munoz, I., Ruiz-cabello, J., Siles-Rivas, E., de la Torre, P., Bornstein, B., Navas, P., Reactive oxygen species mediate the down-regulation of mitochondrial transcripts and proteins by tumour necrosis factor- in L929 cells (2003) Biochemical Journal, 370, pp. 609-619; Schaffer, R.J., Friel, E.N., Souleyre, E.J.F., Bolitho, K., Thodey, K., Ledger, S., Bowen, J.H., Newcomb, R.D., A genomics approach reveals that aroma production in apple is controlled by ethylene predominantly at the final step in each biosynthetic pathway (2007) Plant Physiology, , in press; Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science and its Applications, 4, pp. 357-362; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., Markwick, N.P., Wearing, C.H., Management of resistance in horticultural pests and beneficial species in New Zealand (1988) Pesticide Science, 23 (2), pp. 157-164; Thomas, W.P., Lightbrown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), life cycle. DSIR Information series No. 105/3 (1984) 1st revision, , Wellington, New Zealand; Thomas WP 1989. Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), lightbrown apple moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In: Cameron PJ ed. A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1974-1987. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Pp. 187-195; Wearing, C.H., Thomas, W.P., Dugdale, J.S., Danthanarayana, W., Tortricid pests of pome and stone fruits, Australian and New Zealand species (1991) Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, pp. 453-472. , van der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH ed, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Pp; Wiltshire, J.W., (2003) Integrated Fruit Production in the New Zealand Pipfruit Industry, , http://events.lincoln.ac.nz/kelloggs/project.htm, Prim ary Industry Council/Kellogg Rural Leadership Programme Report, accessed 5 April, 2007; Yamagishi J, Burnett ED, Harwood SH, Bussard GW 2007. The AcMNPV pp31 gene is not essential for productive AcMNPV replication or late gene transcription but appears to increase levels of most viral transcripts. Virology (in press, available online April 2007)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548735947&partnerID=40&md5=36aa73286a0eb5ad8599cada1a04bb47 PY - 2007 SP - 33-41 ST - Effects of EppoNPV infection on gene expression in Epiphyas postvittana larvae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effects of EppoNPV infection on gene expression in Epiphyas postvittana larvae VL - 60 ID - 554 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Four experimental releases of the Parthenogenese strain of Microctonus aethiopoides from Ireland were made in early 2006 in the Waikato, Manawatu (two sites) and Hawke's Bay. By early winter, establishment was confirmed at all sites with parasitism levels exceeding 10% in the target host Sitona lepidus, a serious pest of white clover in New Zealand. Subsequent monitoring revealed considerable between-site variation. At the Hawke's Bay and Manawatu Feilding sites where overwintering weevil adults were still present in October, over 30% parasitism was found in newly emerged weevils in December 2006. In contrast, at the Waikato and Manawatu Bulls sites where there was no overlap of host generations, parasitism was below detectable levels during spring and early summer but recovered subsequently. The Irish M. aethiopoides appears to have four generations a year and diapauses over winter as a first instar larva. Following the initial success, releases have commenced in other regions. AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Eden, T. M. AU - Hardwick, S. AU - Mercer, C. F. AU - Slay, M. W. A. AU - Wilson, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :14 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Firth, A.C., Barratt, B.I.P., Sitona lepidus (1996) Gyllenhal newly established in New Zealand: Assessment of distribution in the North Island. Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 226-269; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Early impact of endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) after its establishment in Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations of northern New Zealand pastures (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 273-287; Barratt, B.I.P., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential clover pest new to New Zealand (1996) New Zealand Entomologist, 19, pp. 23-30; Eerens, J.P.J., Hardwick, S., Gerard, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) in New Zealand: The story so far (2005) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 67, pp. 19-22; Gerard, P.J., McNeil, M.R., Barratt, B.I.P., Whiteman, S.A., Rationale for release of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides for biocontrol of clover root weevil (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 285-289; Gerard, P.J., Arnold, E.D., Influence of climate regime on clover root weevil adult survival and physiology (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 241-245; Gerard, P.J., Hackell, D.L., Bell, N.L., Impact of clover root weevil Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae on herbage yield and species composition in a ryegrass-white clover sward (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50. , in press; Markkula, M., The biology and especially the oviposition of the Sitona Germ (Col., Curculionidae) species occurring as pests of grassland legumes in Finland (1959) Valtion Maatalouskoetoiminnan Julkaisuja, 178, pp. 41-74; (2007) Climate Summary for February 2007, , http://www.niwascience.co.nz/ncc/cs/mclimsum_07_02, National Climate Centre, accessed 10 April 2007; Phillips, C.B., Iline, I.I., Slay, M.W.A., McNeill, M.R., Cane, R.P., Distribution and biotypic composition of the Argentine stem weevil parasitoid in Hawke's Bay (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 298-303; Stufkens M, Farrell JA, Goldson SL 1987. Establishment of Microctonus aethiopoides a parasitoid of the sitona weevil in New Zealand. Proceedings of the 40th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference: 31-32UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548751717&partnerID=40&md5=eb0f0a340ce92b7aa85c728b8da63506 PY - 2007 SP - 203-208 ST - Initial establishment of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Initial establishment of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides in New Zealand VL - 60 ID - 522 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Previous studies have shown that the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) on painted apple moth (PAM; Teia anartoides Walker) efficacy varies significantly depending on the host plant species. This study tested the hypothesis that host plant architecture influenced deposition of aerially applied Btk and its consequent efficacy against PAM. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that the architecture of six host plants had a significant influence on Btk dose per unit leaf area and dose per unit leaf weight. However, the large host plant effect on PAM mortality from Btk could not be explained in terms of variation in the amount of spray intercepted. AU - Gous, S. F. AU - Richardson, B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beets, P., Determination of the fascicle surface area for Pinus radiata (1977) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 7, pp. 397-407; Matthews, G.A., (1979) Pesticide application methods, , Longman Group Limited, 69 pp; Richardson, B., Kay, M.K., Kimberly, M.O., Charles, J.G., Gresham, B.A., Evaluating the benefits of dose-response bioassays during aerial pest eradication operations (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 17-23; Richardson, B., Newton, M., Analysis of plant canopy structure to predict herbicide deposit distribution (2001) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 31, pp. 224-234; Richardson, B., Thistle, H.W., Measured and predicted aerial spray interception by a young Pinus radiata canopy (2006) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 49 (1), pp. 15-23 PY - 2007 SP - 85-88 ST - Effects of host plant characteristics on spray deposition T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effects of host plant characteristics on spray deposition UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548801310&partnerID=40&md5=a5c739b1c948753dc58a813fb55c74fd VL - 60 ID - 555 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The biological control program against nodding thistle, Carduus nutans, commenced in New Zealand in 1972, with the introduction of the receptacle weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus. Seed predation by the larvae of this univoltine weevil did not bring about the desired reduction in nodding thistle populations, and in 1992 a further seed predator was introduced - the bivoltine gall fly, Urophora solstitialis. Possible interference between these two niche-sharing agents may have resulted in less-than-additive seed predation. This recent study quantified the interactions between the two agents for the first time in New Zealand, and found the mean number of gall flies per seedhead was reduced by 46-93 % in the presence of the receptacle weevil. This suggests that the weevil may limit the gall fly's populations, thus reducing seed predation later in the nodding thistle flowering period. The potential effects of this reduced attack on nodding thistle population growth rate were simulated using an existing matrix model. AU - Groenteman, R. AU - Kelly, D. AU - Fowler, S. V. AU - Bourdot, G. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Harris, P., Feeding strategy, coexistance and impact of insects in spotted knapweed capitula (1989) Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 39-47. , Pp; Harris, P., Classical Biocontrol of Weeds - Its Definition, Selection of Effective Agents, and Administrative Political Problems (1991) Canadian Entomologist, 123, pp. 827-849; Jessep CT 1989. Carddus nutans L., nodding thistle (Asteraceae). In: Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed. A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874 to 1987. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. Pp. 339-342; Kelly, D., McCallum, K., Demography, seed biology and biological control of Carduus nutans in New Zealand (1990) The Biological Control of Invasive Plants: Proceedings of a Conference of the British Ecological Society, pp. 72-79. , Palmer JP ed, Pp; Kelly, D., Wood, R., Why nodding thistle receptacle weevil destroys so little nodding thistle seed in Canterbury (1991) Proceedings of New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, 44, pp. 280-283; McNeill, M.R., Fletcher, C.J., Interspecific competition between Rhinocyllus conicus and Urophora solstitialis L. on nodding thistle in Canterbury? (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 140-147; Moller-Joop H, Schroeder D 1986. Urophora solstitialis L. (Diptera: Tephritidae) a candidate for biological control of plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) in Canada. C.A.B Final screening report, 23 pp; (2006) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , R Development Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Shea, K., Kelly, D., Estimating biocontrol agent impact with matrix models: Carduus nutans in New Zealand (1998) Ecological Applications, 8, pp. 824-832; Shea, K., Kelly, D., Modeling for management of invasive species: Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) in New Zealand (2004) Weed Technology, 18, pp. 1338-1341; Shea, K., Kelly, D., Sheppard, A.W., Woodburn, T.L., Context-dependent biological control of an invasive thistle (2005) Ecology, 86, pp. 3174-3181; Sheppard, A.W., Woodburn, T., Population regulation in insects used to control thistles: Can this predict effectiveness? (1996) Frontiers of Population Ecology, pp. 277-290. , Floyd RB, Sheppard AW, De Barro PJ ed, CSIRO publishing, Melbourne. Pp; Woodburn, T.L., Reduction of seed set in nodding thistle (Carduus nutans) by the seed-fly, Urophora solstitialis, in Australia (1996) Fruit Fly Pests: A World Assessment of Their Biology and Management, pp. 165-169. , McPheron BA, Steck GJ ed, St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, Florida, USA. Pp; Woodburn, T.L., Interspecific competition between Rhinocyllus conicus and Urophora solstitialis, two biocontrol agents released in Australia against Carduus nutans. Moran VC (1996) Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 409-415. , Hoffmann JH ed, Pp; Woodburn, T.L., Briese, D.T., The contribution of biological control to the management of thistles (1996) Plant Protection Quarterly, 11, pp. 250-253; Woodburn TL, Cullen JM 1996. Impact of Rhinocyllus conicus and Urophora solstitialis on seed set in Carduus nutans in Australia. Hind NJ ed. International Compositae Conference. Pp 307-319; Woodburn TL, Sheppard AW 1995. Urophora solstitialis, a potential biological control agent for Carduus nutans in Australia. Delfosse ES, Scott RR ed. Proceedings of the VIII Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, p. 415; Zwölfer H 1973. Competition and coexistance in phytophagous insects attacking the heads of Carduus nutans L. Proceedings of the II International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Pp. 74-77UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548745738&partnerID=40&md5=4a38ab6c562f003f5b0ce39beb37e11b PY - 2007 SP - 152-157 ST - Interactions between nodding thistle seed predators T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Interactions between nodding thistle seed predators VL - 60 ID - 507 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Adult clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus, CRW) catches on sticky traps of different colours, design and height were evaluated in two field experiments carried out on the outskirts of Hamilton in the summer of 1999-2000. In Experiment 1, yellow cylinder traps placed at a height of 1200 mm caught the most CRW. In Experiment 2, both white and yellow cylinder traps placed at a height of 1200 mm were equally attractive to CRW adults. In both experiments, fewer CRW adults were caught on cylinder traps of all colours set 400 mm above the ground. Cylinder traps painted red, green and blue and set 1200 mm above the ground caught similar numbers of insects to traps of all colours set at 400 mm. In Experiment 2, flat traps with a sticky surface that was parallel to the ground caught very few weevils irrespective of their colour and height. AU - Hardwick, S. AU - Harens, B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Pottinger, R.P., Addison, P.J., Flight behaviour of Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Waikato, New Zealand (1989) Environmental Entomology, 18, pp. 996-1005; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Firth, A.C., Barratt, B.I.P., Sitona lepidus (1996) Gyllenhal newly established in New Zealand: Assessment of distribution in the North Island. Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 266-269. , Pp; Barratt, B.I.P., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential clover pest new to New Zealand (1996) New Zealand Entomologist, 19, pp. 23-30; Eerens JPJ, Hardwick S, Gerard PJ, Willoughby BE 2005. Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) in New Zealand: the story so far. Proceedings of the 67th New Zealand Grassland Association. Pp. 19-22; Gerard, P.J., Eden, T.M., Hardwick, S., Mercer, C.M., Slay, M.W.A., Wilson, D.J., Initial establishment of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 203-208; Goldson, S.L., Frampton, E.R., Barratt, B.I.P., Ferguson, C.M., The seasonal biology of Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an introduced pest of New Zealand lucerne (1984) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 74, pp. 249-259; Goos, M., Deptuch, S., Faligowska, K., Introductory studies on collecting insects using coloured traps in field experiments (1976) Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 46, pp. 829-834; Hardwick, S., Addison, P.J., Eerens, J.P.J., Gerard, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., Factors influencing the rate of spread and impact of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Grasslands Invertebrate Ecology Conference, pp. 147-154. , Pp; Hunt, D.W.A., Raffa, K.F., Orientation of Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Coleoptera Curculionidae) to visual cues (1991) Great Lakes Entomologist, 24, pp. 225-229; Kalleshwaraswamy, C.M., Jagadish, P.S., Puttaswamy, S., Standardisation of food bait, height and colour of the trap for attracting red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) by synthetic pheromone lure (2006) Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 14, pp. 17-21; Kirk, W.D.J., Ecologically selective coloured traps (1984) Ecological Entomology, 9, pp. 35-41; Láska, P., Zelenková, I., Bicík, V., Colour attraction in species of the genera: Delia (Diptera, Anthomyiidae), Ceutorhynchus, Meligethes and Phyllotreta (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Nitidulidae, Chrysomelidae) (1986) Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 83, pp. 418-424; Nakamoto, Y., Kuba, H., The effectiveness of a green light emitting diode (LED) trap at capturing the West Indian sweet potato weevil Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in a sweet potato field (2004) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39, pp. 491-495; Phillips, C.B., McNeill, M.R., Hardwick, S., Vink, C.J., Kean, J.M., Ferguson, C.M., Winder, L.M., Stuart, B., Clover root weevil in the South Island: Detection, response and current distribution (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 209-216; Pottinger, R.P., Observations on the flight activity of stem weevil Hyperodes bonariensis Kuschel in Canterbury (1966) Proceedings of the 19th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 186-196. , Pp; Prokopy, R.J., Owens, E.D., Visual detection of plants by herbivorous insects (1983) Annual Review of Entomology, 28, pp. 337-364; Riley, D.G., Schuster, D.J., Pepper weevil adult response to colored sticky traps in pepper fields (1994) South Western Entomologist, 19, pp. 93-107; Smart, L.E., Blight, M.M., Hick, A.J., Effect of visual cues and a mixture of isothiocyanates on trap capture of cabbage seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus assimilis (1997) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23, pp. 889-902; Stein, W., Rezwani A1973. Laboratory investigations of flight behaviour and readiness for flight in Sitona, 46, pp. 44-46. , spp, Col, Curculionidae, Anzeiger für Schadlingskunde, Pflanzen und Umweltschutz; Tedders, W.L., Mizeli III, R.F., Wood, B.W., Effects of color and trunk-wrap on pecan weevil catch in pyramidal traps (1996) Journal of Entomological Science, 31, pp. 414-419 PY - 2007 SP - 217-222 ST - Influence of trap colour, design and height on catch of flying clover root weevil adults T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of trap colour, design and height on catch of flying clover root weevil adults UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548723318&partnerID=40&md5=b1ace107d892867c16995fdebcf9c7c1 VL - 60 ID - 533 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the establishment of native plants in revegetation projects, the plants often need to be released from weed competition, but little is known of their tolerance of herbicides suitable for release spraying. Ten native species were treated as 8-month-old plants in planter bags with eight herbicides at rates suitable to control weeds. Clopyralid, fluazifop and haloxyfop could probably control weeds selectively around Coprosma robusta, Hebe stricta, Pittosporum tenuiflorum, Carex flagellifera, Phormium cookianum and Leptospermum scoparium. Clopyralid was not tolerated by Fuchsia excortica, which was the most sensitive species to many of the herbicides evaluated. However, this species showed good tolerance to haloxyfop, fluazifop and terbuthylazine. Although Plagianthus regius was also damaged by clopyralid, it tolerated metsulfuron and terbuthylazine. The two grasses evaluated, Poa cita and Chionochloa flavicans, tolerated clopyralid and aminopyralid well, but were severely damaged by haloxyfop, fluazifop and terbuthylazine. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Schmitz, H. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Davenhill, N.A., Ray, J.W., Vanner, A.L., (1997) Forest weed control manual, , New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand. 136 pp; Porteous, T., (1993) Native forest restoration: A practical guide for landowners. Queen Elizabeth II National Trust, , Wellington, New Zealand. 184 pp PY - 2007 SP - 133-136 ST - Initial screening of herbicides tolerated by native plants T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Initial screening of herbicides tolerated by native plants UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548779093&partnerID=40&md5=1ff8aa86d68a9bf08032b02d0aca5959 VL - 60 ID - 518 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study reports an investigation on the aestivation and overwintering strategies of Platygaster demades, an egg parasitoid of apple leaf-curling midge (ALCM), Dasineura mail, under natural conditions during 2005-2006. The first three generations of ALCM developed into adults during the spring-autumn of 2005/2006 and the fourth generation overwintered as larvae. All first generation P. demades emerged in the spring of 2005. About 64% of live individuals of P. demades in the second generation and 38% in the third generation entered aestivation as eggs, which hatched in mid March and early May 2006, respectively. Parasitoid eggs of the fourth generation started to hatch four weeks after the parasitised ALCM larvae entered the soil. The aestivated and fourth generation parasitoids overwintered as immature stages and started emerging in late September 2006. The emergence patterns of overwintered parasitoids and ALCM were highly synchronized in the following season. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Masaki, S., Summer diapause (1980) Annual Review of Entomology, 25, pp. 1-25; Murchie, A.K., Polaszek, A., Williams, I.H., Platygaster subuliformis (Kieffer)(Hym., Platygastridae) new to Britain, an egg-larval parasitoid of the brassica pod midge Dasineura brassicae Winnertz (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) (1999) Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 135, pp. 217-222; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Charles, J.G., Influence of temperature and flowers on longevity of adult Platygaster demades (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 184-189; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Charles, J.G., Host location and ovipositional behavior of Platygaster demades Walker (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), an egg parasitoid of apple and pear leaf curling midges (2006) Journal of Insect Behavior, 19, pp. 99-113; Smith JT, Chapman RB 1995. A survey of apple leafcurling midge (Dasyneura mail) in the Nelson district. Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference: 117-120; Smith, J.T., Chapman, R.B., Apple leaf-curling midge egg laying on different apple cultivars and orchard properties on the Waimea Plains, Nelson (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 247-251; Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Masaki, S., (1986) Seasonal Adaptations of Insects, , New York, Oxford University Press. 411 pp; Todd, D.H., A preliminary account of Dasyneura mali Kieffer (Cecidomyiidae: Dipt.) and an associated hymenopterous parasite in New Zealand (1956) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, A37, pp. 462-464; Todd, D.H., The apple leaf-curling midge, Dasyneura mail Kieffer, seasonal history, varietal susceptibility and parasitism 1955-1958 (1959) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, pp. 859-869; Tomkins, A.R., Wilson, D.J., Hutchings, S.O., June, S., A survey of apple leafcurling midge (Dasyneura mali) management in Waikato orchards (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 346-349; Tomkins, A.R., Wilson, D.J., Thompson, C., Bradley, S., Cole, L., Shaw, P., Gibb, A., Wearing, C.H., Emergence of apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mali) and its parasitoid (Platygaster demades) (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 179-184; Tsukada, M., Interpopulation variation of hibernal-aestival-diapause in the egg parasitoid wasp Anagrus takeyanus: Adaptation to seasonal host-plant alternation of the tingid host, Stephanitis takeyai (1999) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 92, pp. 37-43 PY - 2007 SP - 21-25 ST - Aestivation in apple leaf-curling midge (diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Parasitoid, Platygaster demades walker (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Aestivation in apple leaf-curling midge (diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Parasitoid, Platygaster demades walker (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548805452&partnerID=40&md5=6d806bda4d4e64b6a97435a84d471031 VL - 60 ID - 530 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Field trials in Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Manawatu investigated the efficacy of pre- and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in maize crops planted early, mid or late season with prior cultivation or into a stale seedbed. Achieving good control of broadleaf weeds was easier than for annual grass weeds. Some weed species germinated over a long period from spring to summer months. The residual activity of pre-emergence herbicides was not sufficient for season-long control of such weeds in the early and mid planted crops and a post-emergence herbicide was essential to control them and to maintain grain yields. When grass weeds were dominant, the pre- and post-emergence combination still did not provide season long control in the early plantings. In late planted crops, weed control was also poor in the absence of a post-emergence herbicide even though few weeds were present at the post-emergence application time. The weed seedbank was reduced where good weed control was achieved. AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. AU - Trolove, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Hall, M.R., Swanton, C.J., Anderson, G.M., The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays L) (1992) Weed Science, 40, pp. 441-447; James, T.K., Klaffenbach, P., Holland, P.T., Rahman, A., Degradation of the sulfonylurea herbicides primisulfuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl in soil (1995) Weed Research, 35, pp. 113-120; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Effect of adjuvants and stage of growth on the efficacy of three sulfonylurea herbicides to grass weeds (1994) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 47, pp. 11-16; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Mellsop, J.M., Weed competition in maize crops under different timings for post-emergence weed control (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 269-272; Rahman, A., Recent major problems of weed control in maize in New Zealand (1988) Proceedings of the International Congress of Crop Protection, 53 3b, pp. 1335-1342; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Patterns of weed seedling emergence in two New Zealand soils (1993) Proceedings of the 8th EWRS Symposium, pp. 665-672. , Braunschweig, Germany. Pp; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Field persistence of some maize herbicides in two soils (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 6-10. , Pp; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Grbavac, N., Mellsop, J.M., Spatial distribution of weed seedbank in maize cropping fields (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 291-295. , Pp; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Grbavac, N., Potential of weed seedbanks for managing weeds. A review of recent New Zealand research (2001) Weed Biology and Management, 1, pp. 89-95; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Mellsop, J., Grbavac, N., Effect of cultivation methods on weed seed distribution and seedling emergence (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 28-33; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Mellsop, J.M., Grbavac, N., Weed seedbank dynamics in maize under different herbicide regimes (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 168-173 PY - 2007 SP - 183-188 ST - Optimising time of planting and herbicide application for control of problem weeds in maize T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Optimising time of planting and herbicide application for control of problem weeds in maize UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548770591&partnerID=40&md5=faa427f974257067cf0d322cdf331441 VL - 60 ID - 535 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) is a key pest of avocados in New Zealand. Six-spotted mite feeding on leaves can cause excessive leaf drop and a subsequent reduction in tree productivity and yield. Sixspotted mite development, longevity and fecundity were determined at six constant temperatures ( 10, 13, 18, 21, 25, 30°C) on avocado leaf discs. No larvae hatched from eggs at 10°C. The number of days to complete egg development ranged from 5.3 days at 30°C to 23.9 days at 13°C. Total developmental time (egg to adult) ranged from 29.6 days at 18°C to 11 days at 30°C. Mean adult longevity ranged from 18.8 days at 30°C to 41.4 days at 18°C. The number of eggs laid per female ranged from 6.9 to 20.9. Degree-day models were developed for eggs, larvae and nymphs. It was estimated that 202.8 degree-days, above a threshold temperature of 12.2°C, were required to complete development from egg to adult. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Stevens, P. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, J.B., Olsen, K.N., (1990) Control of two avocado mite species. CaliforniaAgriculture, pp. 31-32. , March-April; Brookbanks, P., Six-spotted mite control strategy (2001) AvoScene, pp. 15-21. , December; Carey, J.R., (1993) Applied demography for biologists with special emphasis on insects, , Oxford University, Oxford, UK. 206 pp; Charles JG, Allan DJ 2002. Dose-mortality response of susceptible Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (sixspotted mite) to Avid and Malathion. A pre-emptive strategy for detecting future resistance. NZ Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report 2: 32-34; Fleschner, C.A., (1953) Biological control of avocado pests, 81, pp. 81-90. , California Avocado Society yearbook; Froud KJ, Stevens PS, Machin T, Jamieson LE 2002. Efficacy of New Pesticides against sixspotted mite Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Riley) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on avocados. NZ Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report 2: 17-21; Hoddle, M.S., Developmental and reproductive biology of Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): a new avocado pest in California (2002) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 92, pp. 279-285; Lamb, K.P., Survey of red spider mites (Acarina: Teteranychidae) on grape vines (1953) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 35, pp. 65-66; McMurtry, J.A., Scriven, G.T., Malone, R.S., Factors affecting oviposition of Stethorus picipes (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with special reference to photoperiod (1974) Environmental Entomology, 3, pp. 123-127; Richardson, N.A., (1977) The biology of Stethorus loxtoni Britton and Lee (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and its potential as a predator of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranycidae) in California, , Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. 184 pp; Roy, M., Brodeur, J., Clouteir, C., Effect of temperature on intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm) of a coccinellid and its spider mite prey (2003) Biocontrol, 48, pp. 57-72; Sabelis MW 1992. Predatory arthropods. In: Crawley MJ ed. Natural enemies. The population biology of predators, parasites and disease. Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Pp. 225-264; Shen, M., Guo, Z., Xiong, J., Influence of temperature on the experimental population of Stethorus punctillum (1999) Acta Ecology Sinica, 18, pp. 181-187; Steven D 2003. Novel chemicals to control six-spotted mite, Eotetranychus sexmaculatus. NZ Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report 3: 1-8; Stevens PS, Jamieson LE, Cave J 2001. Comparative toxicity of pesticides to the sixspotted mite Eoteranychus sexmaculatus (Riley) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on avocados. NZ Avocado Growers'Association Annual Research Report 1: 7-11; Tomkins AR 2002. Sustainable management of sixspotted spider mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Riley)) on avocados. NZ Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report 2: 22-27UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548707048&partnerID=40&md5=8b979bd79565b2577a95abf0409834bb PY - 2007 SP - 72-77 ST - Development rates, longevity and fecundity of six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) at constant temperatures T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development rates, longevity and fecundity of six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) at constant temperatures VL - 60 ID - 534 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A cohort-based model for the seasonal phenology of the black-headed strain of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), was constructed from published development rates for each life stage. Model predictions were successfully verified against field observations from Japan, China, Italy, Serbia and the USA. The model was then used to predict phenology in New Zealand, and the potential for establishment near major ports. Populations are predicted to be bivoltine in the north and univoltine in central areas, but are unlikely to form self-sustaining populations south of Timaru. Fall webworm demonstrated the ability to adapt to specific local conditions after its invasion of Japan, so the risk may be greater than these results suggest. Successful validation of the model means that it could be used to inform surveillance and control operations targeting fall webworm outbreaks overseas and potential invasions into new ranges such as New Zealand. AU - Kean, J. M. AU - Kumarasinghe, L. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barlow, N.D., Dixon, A.F.G., (1980) Simulation of Lime Aphid Population Dynamics, , Pudoc, Wageningen, the Netherlands. 165 pp; Dennis, B., Kemp, W.P., Beckwith, R.C., Stochastic model of insect phenology: Estimation and testing (1986) Environmental Entomology, 15, pp. 540-546; Gomi, T., Takeda, M., Geographic variation in photoperiodic responses in an introduced insect, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in Japan (1991) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 26, pp. 357-363; Gomi, T., Inudo, M., Yamada, D., Local divergence in developmental traits within a trivoltine area of Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (2003) Entomological Science, 6, pp. 71-75; Gomi, T., Muraji, M., Takeda, M., Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the introduced fall webworm, showing its shift in life cycle in Japan (2004) Entomological Science, 7, pp. 183-188; Herms, D.A., Using degree-days and plant phenology to predict pest activity (2004) IPM of Midwest Landscapes, pp. 49-59. , Krischik V, Davidson J ed, University of Illinois, USA. Pp; Li, Y.-P., Goto, M., Ito, S., Sato, Y., Sasaki, K., Goto, N., Physiology of diapause and cold hardiness in the overwintering pupae of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in Japan (2001) Journal of Insect Physiology, 47, pp. 1181-1187; Logan, J.A., Toward an expert system for development of pest simulation models (1988) Environmental Entomology, 17, pp. 359-376; Morris, R.F., Factors inducing diapause in Hyphantria cunea (1967) Canadian Entomologist, 99, pp. 522-528; Nordin, G.L., O'Canna, D., Developmental threshold temperatures and thermal constants for two types of fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), occurring in Central Kentucky (1985) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 58, pp. 626-630; Rehnberg, B.G., Heat retention by webs of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae): infrared warming and forced convective cooling (2002) Journal of Thermal Biology, 27, pp. 525-530; Satoda S 2002. Development of pest control methods against Hyphantria cunea using Nitolure Ameshiro. Nitto Denko Technical Report 40: 32-35; Takeda, M., Differentiation in life cycle of sympatric populations of two forms of Hyphantria moth in central Missouri (2005) Entomological Science, 8, pp. 211-218; Takeda, M., Masaki, S., Asymmetric perception of twilight affecting diapause induction by the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (1979) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 25, pp. 317-327; Worner, S.P., Performance of phenological models under variable temperature regimes: Consequences of the Kaufmann or rate summation effect (1992) Environmental Entomology, 21, pp. 689-699; Zhang, Q.-H., Schlyter, F., Chu, D., Ma, X.-Y., Ninomiya, Y., Diumal and seasonal flight activity of males and population dynamics of fall webworm moth, Hyphantria cunea, (Drury) (Lep., Arctiidae) monitored by pheromone traps (1998) Journal of Applied Entomology, 122, pp. 523-532 PY - 2007 SP - 279-285 ST - Predicting the seasonal phenology of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Predicting the seasonal phenology of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548774487&partnerID=40&md5=11412d3f864c5e44ec5d6a0b23be5187 VL - 60 ID - 551 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To improve the implementation of weather-based disease risk models, a spatial interpolation method was investigated to provide weather estimates for specific sites. Two sites in the HortResearch horticultural weather station network, one in Marlborough and one in Hawke's Bay, were selected as validation sites. Interpolated weather data were estimated for these sites from November to March in 2003-04 and 2004-05, using actual weather data from nearby stations that were selected as natural neighbours using the geometrical technique, Voronoi tessellation. Wetness duration was also estimated using interpolated weather data as inputs to an empirical wetness model. Air temperature estimates were comparable to actual measurements but wetness duration was overestimated. When interpolated and actual data were used as inputs to the grape botrytis model, Bacchus, predicted risks were comparable to each other for short periods rather than the whole growing season. This suggests that risk of botrytis bunch rot could be predicted reliably at a specific site using the spatial interpolation method. AU - Kim, K. S. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Henshall, W. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Collins WD, Rasch PJ, Boville BA, Hack JJ, McCaa JR, Williamson DL, Kiehl JT, Briegleb B, Bitz C, Lin S-J, Zhang M, Dai Y 2004. Description of the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model (CAM3.0). Technical Report NCAR/TN-364+STR. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA. 101 pp; Fasano, G., Franceschini, A., A multidimensional version of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (1987) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 225, pp. 155-170; Meyers, D.E., Spatial interpolation: An overview (1994) Geoderma, 62, pp. 17-28; Kim, K.S., Taylor, S.E., Gleason, M.L., Development and validation of a leaf wetness duration model using a fuzzy logic system (2004) Agricultural and Forest Meteororology, 127, pp. 53-64; Peacock, J.A., Two-dimensional goodness-of-fit testing in astronomy (1983) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 202, pp. 615-627; Press, W., Teukolski, S., Vetterling, W., Flannery, B., (1997) Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 645 pp; Sentelhas, P.C., Monteiro, J.E.B.A., Gillespie, T.J., Electronic leaf wetness duration sensor: Why it should be painted (2004) International Journal of Biometeorology, 48, pp. 202-205; Sibson, R., A vector identity for the dirichlet tessellation (1980) Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 87, pp. 151-155; Snell, S.E., Gopal, S., Kaufmann, R.K., Spatial interpolation of surface air temperature using artificial neural networks: Evaluating their use for downscaling GCMs (2000) Journal of Climate, 13, pp. 886-895; Tsai, F.T.C., Sun, N., Yeh, W.W.G., Geophysical parameterization and parameter structure identification using natural neighbors in groundwater inverse problems (2005) Journal of Hydrology, 308, pp. 269-283; Watson, D., The natural neighbor series manuals and source codes (1999) Computer and Geosciences, 25, pp. 463-466 PY - 2007 SP - 128-132 ST - Prediction of disease risk using site-specific estimates of weather variables T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Prediction of disease risk using site-specific estimates of weather variables UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548799166&partnerID=40&md5=26cdc923cc8a34e5117e4974a5f846a8 VL - 60 ID - 513 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Seeds of Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, wild oat, winter wild oat, phalaris and barnyard grass, collected during the 2005/06 season, were tested for dormancy and germination phenology between April and December 2006. In laboratory and outdoor environments, dormancy was widespread in grass weed but not in ryegrass seeds. The seeds of grass weeds had better germination in the outdoor environment than the laboratory. In the outdoor environment, only 15% of wild oat and winter wild oat, 19-63% of phalaris and 39% of barnyard grass seed germinated. Protracted germination varied between species in two to seven flushes. The earliest timing for effective post-emergence grass control under the experimental conditions appeared to be about 6 weeks after sowing for wild oats and ryegrasses, 12 weeks for phalaris and 14 weeks for barnyard grass. The extended germination periods of phalaris and barnyard grass are a challenge to growers in designing a cost-effective herbicide programme. AU - Kon, K. F. AU - Follas, G. B. AU - James, D. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allen, P.S., Meyer, S.E., Ecology and ecological genetics of seed dormancy in downy brome (2002) Weed Science, 50, pp. 241-247; Bentsink, L., Koorneef, M., Seed dormancy and germination (2002) The Arabidopsis Book, , Somerville CR, Meyerowitz EM ed, American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, MD, USA; Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region (1988) American Journal of Botany, 75, pp. 286-305; Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., (1998) Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, , Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA. 666 pp; Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., A classification system for seed dormancy (2004) Seed Science Research, 14, pp. 1-16; Bewley, J.D., Seed germination and dormancy (1997) The Plant Cell, 9, pp. 1055-1066; Buhler, D.D., Hoffman, M.L., (1999) Anderson's Guide to Propagation of Weeds and Other Plants, , Weed Science Society of America. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. 248 pp; Edgar, E., The identification of oats growing wild in New Zealand (1981) Proceedings of the 33rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 230-236; Ellis RH, Hong TD, Roberts EH 1985. Handbooks for Genebanks; No. 3. Handbook of Seed Technology for Genebanks - II. Compendium of Specific Germination Information and Test Recommendations. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources; Fenner, M., Thompson, K., (2005) The Ecology of Seeds, , Cambridge University Press, UK. 250 pp; Fennimore, S.A., Nyquist, W.E., Shaner, G.E., Doerge, R.W., Foley, M.E., A genetic model and molecular markers for wild oat (Avena fatua L.) seed dormancy (1999) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 99, pp. 711-718; Finch-Savage, W.E., Leubner-Mertzger, G., Seed dormancy and the control of germination (2006) New Phytologist, 171, pp. 501-523; Foley, M.E., Seed dormancy: An update on terminology, physiological genetics, and quantitative trait loci regulating germinability (2001) Weed Science, 49, pp. 305-317; Gill, G.S., Blacklow, W.M., Variations in seed dormancy and rates of development of great brome, Bromus diandrus Roth, as adaptations to the climates of southern Australia and implications for weed control (1985) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 36, pp. 295-304; Gu, X.Y., Chen, Z.X., Foley, M.E., Inheritance of seed dormancy in weedy rice (2003) Crop Science, 43, pp. 835-843; Hilhorst, H.W.M., Seed dormancy (1997) Seed Science Research, 7, pp. 221-223; Kon, K.F., Blacklow, W.M., (1988) Identification, distribution and population variability of great brome (Bromus diandrus Roth) and rigid brome (Bromus rigidus Roth); , 1039-1050. , Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39; Koorneef, M., Bentsink, L., Hilhorst, H., Seed dormancy and germination (2002) Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 5, pp. 33-36; Matthews, L.J., The journal guide to weed control. 2. Cropping weeds (1976) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 133, pp. 48-49; McWha, J.A., Ruiter de, J., Jameson, P.E., The nature of dormancy in wild oats (1976) Proceedings of the 29th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 102-105; Nikolaeva, M.G., Ecological and physiological aspects of seed dormancy and germination (review of investigations for the last century) (2001) Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 86, pp. 1-14; Quail, P.H., Carter, O.G., Survival and seasonal germination of seeds of Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana (1968) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 19, pp. 721-729; Quail, P.H., Carter, O.G., Dormancy in seeds of A. ludoviciana and Avena fatua (1969) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, pp. 1-11; Rolston, M.P., Wild oats in New Zealand: A review (1981) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 9, pp. 115-121; (1998) TOPIK Field Advisor's Guide, , Syngenta Crop Protection Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 15 pp; (2006) TWINAX Technical, , Syngenta Crop Protection Ltd, Brochure. Auckland, New Zealand. 12 pp; Taye Tessema, T.D.G., Grass weed competition and calculated economic threshold densities in bread wheat in Ethiopia (1997) African Crop Science Journal, 5, pp. 371-384; Taylor, I.N., Peters, N.C.B., Adkins, S.W., Walker, S.R., Germination response of Phalaris paradoxa L. seed to different light qualities (2003) Weed Research, 44, pp. 254-264; Wilding, J.L., Barnett, A.G., Amor, R.L., (1998) Crop Weeds, , Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia. 153 pp PY - 2007 SP - 174-182 ST - Seed dormancy and germination phenology of grass weeds and implications for their control in cereals T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Seed dormancy and germination phenology of grass weeds and implications for their control in cereals UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548794022&partnerID=40&md5=31c881a7925d851e214715bb9f4bf4c6 VL - 60 ID - 506 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A CLIMEX™ model of the Oriental fruit fly (OFF) indicates that under the reference climate (1961 -1990), OFF could persist throughout most of the central Pacific. In New Zealand, it could establish throughout much of the low-lying areas of the North Island, and much of New Zealand could support short-term populations during the summer months. Climate change scenarios for the 2080s indicate that in the central Pacific, the change in potential distribution is relatively minor. However, parts of New Zealand could become substantially more climatically suitable, increasing the likelihood of successful establishment of OFF after an incursion, and seriously threatening the horticultural sector. Should OFF become established in New Zealand, it is likely to follow any expansion of the horticultural sector into the coastal areas of the eastern part of the South Island as far south as Oamaru. AU - Kriticos, D. J. AU - Stephens, A. E. A. AU - Leriche, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1017/S0007485307005044; Stephenson, B.P., Gill, G.S.C., Randall, J.L., Wilson, J.A., Biosecurity approaches to surveillance and response for new plant pest species (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 5-9; Sutherst, R.W., Maywald, G.F., Kriticos, D.J., (2007) CLIMEX Version 3: User's Guide, , www. Hearne.com.au, last accessed 19 May 2007, Hearne Scientific Software Pty Ltd. 131 pp; Waterhouse, D.F., The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia (1993) Aciar Monograph, 21; Weems, H.V., Heppner, J.B., Nation, J.L., Fasulo, T.R., Oriental fruit fly (2004) Bactrocera (=Dacus) dorsalis (Hendel) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae), , http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/fruit/ tropical/oriental_fruit_fly.htm, University of Florida Featured Creatures, last accessed 20 June M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2007 SP - 271-278 ST - Effect of climate change on oriental fruit fly in New Zealand and the pacific T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of climate change on oriental fruit fly in New Zealand and the pacific UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548790633&partnerID=40&md5=11f5cbe0ebcb64945d7bcc1e76c5d4bc VL - 60 ID - 542 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Oriental fruit moth (OFM) is an important pest of summerfruit grown for both fresh market and processing in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. Mating disruption was applied over three consecutive years on the same three cv. Golden Queen peach orchards. At each orchard plots of 0.5-3.5 ha were treated with pheromone dispensers, either alone or supplemented with insecticides. In year one, OFM populations were high and mating disruption or 1 -2 insecticide applications did not provide sufficient control, with up to 3% damage at harvest. The following year all trial areas received pheromone dispensers plus one or two insecticide applications and fruit damage was at acceptable level of less than 1%. In year three, blocks with mating disruption alone averaged 0.2% OFM infestation compared with 0.9% where no OFM control was used. OFM mating disruption is now increasingly being adopted by growers, but the cost relative to insecticides is a barrier. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Cole, L. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baker, R.T., Oriental fruit moth in New Zealand (1982) Proceedings of the 35th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 17-21; Cravedi, P., Guarino, F., Tocci, A., Valuations about mating disruption method application in Cydia molesta (Busck) control on nearly 400 hectares of peach tree in the plane of Sibari (Calabria, South Italy) (2001) Bulletin IOBC/wprs, 24, pp. 79-84; Il' ichev, A.L., Gut, L.J., Williams, D.G., Hossain, M.S., Jerie, P.H., Area-wide approach for improved control of oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by mating disruption (2002) General and Applied Entomology, 31, pp. 7-15; Kovanci, O.B., Schal, C., Walgenbach, J.F., Kennedy, G.G., Comparison of mating disruption with pesticides for management of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in North Carolina apple orchards (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology, 98, pp. 1248-1258; PL, L., Wood, P.N., Murrell, V.C., Implementation of integrated pest management in process peaches in Hawke's Bay (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 277-282; PL, L., McLaren, G.F., Walker, J.T.S., Developments in pest management for integrated fruit production of stonefruit in New Zealand (2000) Acta Horticulturae, 525, pp. 93-99; Molinari, F., Cravedi, P., Application of mating disruption method in peach orchards in Italy (1992) Bulletin OILB/SROP, 15, pp. 52-55; Murrell, V.C., PL, L., Control of oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) on golden queen peaches (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 189-194; Pree, D.J., Trimble, R.M., Whitty, K.J., Vickers, P.M., Control of oriental fruit moth by mating disruption using sex pheromone in the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario (1994) The Canadian Entomologist, 126, pp. 1287-1299; Rothschild, G.H.L., Vickers, R.A., Biology, ecology and control of the oriental fruit moth (1991) Tortricid pests: Their biology, natural enemies and control, pp. 389-412. , Geest LPS, van der Evenhuis HH ed, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Pp; Yetter, W.P., Steiner, L.F., Efficiency of bait traps for the oriental fruit moth as indicated by the release and capture of marked adults (1932) Journal of Economic Entomology, 25, pp. 106-116 PY - 2007 SP - 67-71 ST - Impact of pheromone mating disruption and pesticides on oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) on peaches T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Impact of pheromone mating disruption and pesticides on oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) on peaches UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548777506&partnerID=40&md5=4b6d0fb52bff262a3918dba2bcf35753 VL - 60 ID - 523 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Armillaria root disease is a serious fungal disease of kiwifruit that can ultimately end in the death of infected vines. One commercially-available treatment for infected vines is to inject compost teas into subsoil with compressed air. Compost teas are applied to improve soil and hence plant health, and their use is based on the generalisation that 'healthy plants have fewer pests '. Accordingly, there is a suggestion that healthy kiwifruit vines, free of armillaria root disease, support fewer cicadas. Exuviae of the dominant cicada species in kiwifruit, Amphipsalta zelandica (Boisduval), were counted and symptoms of armillaria root disease scored for 300 contiguous vines in a commercially-managed block of kiwifruit. More A. zelandica exuviae were found on healthy vines than on vines with symptoms of armillaria root disease and in this instance, the generalisation that 'healthy plants have fewer pests' was not true. AU - Logan, D. P. AU - Alspach, P. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Air8tors 2006. Leading by innovation, , www.air8tors.com, last accessed 28 May 2007; Herms, D.A., Mattson, W.J., The dilemma of plants: To grow and defend (1992) Quarterly Review of Biology, 67, pp. 283-335; Hood, I., Sandberg, C.J., Occurrence of Armillaria rhizomorph populations in the soil beneath indigenous forests in the Bay of Plenty (1987) New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 17, pp. 83-99; Homer, I.J., Epidemiology of Armillaria root-rot of kiwifruit (1991) Acta Horticulturae, 297, pp. 573-578; Homer, I.J., Control treatments for Armillaria in kiwifruit orchards: Results of a four year trial (2006) New Zealand Kiwifruit Journal, pp. 5-7. , February. Pp; Logan, D., Connolly, P., Cicadas from kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand and identification of their final instar exuviae (Cicadidae: Homoptera) (2005) New Zealand Entomologist, 28, pp. 37-48; Ludbrook, J., Dudley, H., Why permutation tests are superior to t and F tests in biomedical research (1998) The American Statistician, 53, pp. 127-132; Lung-Escarmant, B., Guyon, D., Temporal and spatial dynamics of primary and secondary infection by Armillaria ostoyae in a Pinus pinaster plantation (2004) Phytopathology, 94, pp. 125-131; Phelan, P.L., Norris, K.H., Mason, J.F., Soil management history and host preference by Ostrinia nubilalis: Evidence for plant mineral balance mediating insect-plant interactions (1996) Environmental Entomology, 25, pp. 1329-1336; Phelan, P.L., Soil-management history and the role of plant mineral balance as a determinant of maize susceptibility to the European corn borer (1997) Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 15, pp. 25-34; (2006) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , http://www.R-project.org, R Development Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-00051-07-0, URL; Scheuereil, S., Mahaffee, W., Compost tea: Principles and prospects for plant disease control (2002) Compost Science & Utilization, 10, pp. 313-338; Sweet, G.B., Maintaining health in plantation forests (1989) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 19, pp. 143-154 PY - 2007 SP - 235-240 ST - Negative association between chorus cicada, Amphipsalta zelandica, and armillaria root disease in kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Negative association between chorus cicada, Amphipsalta zelandica, and armillaria root disease in kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548755538&partnerID=40&md5=93a25246ce2e4459ab3f4646c3fa5bf2 VL - 60 ID - 543 ER - TY - JOUR AB - European earwigs, Forficula auricularia L., are important predators of diaspidid scale insects in New Zealand kiwifruit. As European earwigs readily hide during the day in shelter traps made of corrugated cardboard strips rolled into cylinders, it may be possible to manipulate the level of scale predation. The effect of trapping duration on aggregation of earwigs and whether the addition of shelter traps to kiwifruit vine canopies led to increased numbers of earwigs and predation of scale insects were investigated. More earwigs were found in cardboard shelter traps exposed for up to 8 weeks than shorter periods. However, shelter traps were not associated with increased numbers of earwigs in vine canopies or with increased predation of scale insects. Predation of scale insects was 73-82% and on individual canes depended on the initial density of scale. Further study is needed to realise the potential of earwigs as predators of scale insects and other pests. AU - Logan, D. P. AU - Maher, B. J. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Pettigrew, M. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Altieri, M.A., Letourneau, D.K., Vegetation management and biological control in agroecosystems (1982) Crop Protection, 1, pp. 405-430; Burnip, G.M., Daly, J.M., Hackett, J.K., Suckling, D.M., European earwig phenology and effect of understorey management on population estimation (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 390-395; Carroll, D.P., Hoyt, S.C., Augmentation of European earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) for biological control of apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in an apple orchard (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 738-740; Carroll, D.P., Hoyt, S.C., Natural enemies and their effects on apple aphid colonies (Aphis pomi DeGeer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on young apple trees in central Washington (1984) Environmental Entomology, 13, pp. 469-481; Carroll, D.P., Walker, J.T.S., Hoyt, S.C., European earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) fail to control apple aphid on bearing apple trees and woolly apple aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in apple rootstock stool beds (1985) Journal of Economic Entomology, 78, pp. 972-974; Helsen, H., Vaal, F., Blommers, L., Phenology of the common earwig Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in an apple orchard (1998) International Journal of Pest Management, 44, pp. 75-79; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N.A., Cate, L.R., Connolly, P.G., A technique for measuring growth rate and survival of armoured scale insects (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 288-293; Lamb, R.J., Wellington, W.G., Techniques for studying the behavior and ecology of the European earwig Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) (1974) Canadian Entomologist, 106, pp. 881-888; Lamb, R.J., Effects of dispersion, travel, and environmental heterogeneity on populations of the earwig Forficula auricularia L (1975) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53, pp. 1855-1867; Maher, B.J., Logan, D.P., Connolly, P.G., Effect of mineral oil and diazinon residues on the predator European earwig, Forficula auricularia, in kiwifruit (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 202-207; Mueller, T.F., Blommers, L.H.M., Mols, P.J.M., Earwig (Forficula auricularia) predation on the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (1988) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 47, pp. 145-152; Nicholas, A.H., Spooner-Hart, R.N., Vickers, R.A., Abundance and natural control of the woolly aphid Eriosoma lanigerum in an Australian apple orchard IPM program (2005) BioControl, 50, pp. 271-291; Phillips, M.L., (1981) The ecology of the common earwig Forficula auricularia in apple orchards, , PhD thesis, University of Bristol, UK; (2006) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , http://www.R-project.org, R Development Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL; Rieux, R., Simon, S., Defrance, H., Role of hedgerows and ground cover management on arthropod populations in pear orchards (1999) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 73, pp. 119-127; Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science and its Application, 4, pp. 357-362; Solomon, M.G., Fitzgerald, J.D., Jolly, R., Artificial refuges and flowering plants to enhance predator populations in orchards (1999) IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 22, pp. 31-38; Suckling, D.M., Burnip, G.M., Hackett, J., Daly, J.C., Frass sampling and baiting indicate European earwig (Forficula auricularia) foraging in orchards (2006) Journal of Applied Entomology, 130, pp. 263-267; Symondson, W.O.C., Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents? (2002) Annual Review of Entomology, 47, pp. 561-594; Walker, K.A., Jones, T.H., Fell, R.D., Pheromonal basis of aggregation in European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) (1993) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 19, pp. 2029-2038 PY - 2007 SP - 241-248 ST - Effect of cardboard shelter traps on predation of diaspidid scale insects by European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, in kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of cardboard shelter traps on predation of diaspidid scale insects by European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, in kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548759033&partnerID=40&md5=dfb764eb97eb2bf145e6682aa662fda5 VL - 60 ID - 536 ER - TY - JOUR AB - European earwigs, Forficula auricularia L., are potentially important natural enemies of armoured scale insects in commercial kiwifruit orchards. Earwigs are sensitive to broad-spectrum insecticides and diazinon residues can kill earwigs for up to 17 nights after spraying. Eight paired organic and conventional Kiwigreen® orchard blocks were surveyed in the summer of 2006/07 to estimate the number of earwigs present. In each block, 25 shelter traps were placed in the vine canopy for 1 month. Fewer earwigs were recorded in conventional blocks than in organic blocks (P=0.018). A sample of 800 leaves was taken from each of the blocks in March to record predation of scale insects by earwigs. There was no clear evidence that scale insects on leaves were predated by earwigs. This was attributed to the low level of mature scale insects, the preferred stage for predation by earwigs. AU - Maher, B. J. AU - Logan, D. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Blommers, L.H.M., Integrated pest management in European apple orchards (1994) Annual Review of Entomology, 39, pp. 213-214; Bozsik, A., Francis, F., Gaspar, C., Haubruge, E., Effect of some insecticides on acetylcholinesterase from beneficial insects: Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea and Forficula auricularia (2002) Mededelingen, 67, pp. 671-677; Burnip, G.M., Daly, J.M., Hackett, J.K., Suckling, D.M., European earwig phenology and effect of understorey management on population estimation (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 390-395; Buxton J 1974. The biology of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L., with reference to its predatory activities on the damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Shrank). PhD Thesis, University of London; Epstein, D.L., Zack, R.S., Brunner, J.F., Gut, L., Brown, J.J., Effects of broad spectrum insecticides on epigeal arthropod biodiversity in Pacific Northwest apple orchards (2000) Journal of Environmental Entomology, 29, pp. 340-348; Hill MG 1989. Diaspididae, armoured scales (Homoptera). In: Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed. A review of biological control of invertebrate pests and weeds in New Zealand 1874 to 1987. CAB International, Institute of Biological Control, Wellington, New Zealand; Hill MG 2002. A review of Armoured scale insect (Diaspididae) biology and control, with special reference to kiwifruit. HortResearch Client Report 2002/290. HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 94 pp; Hill MG 2004. Armoured scale and leafroller management on kiwifruit - a preliminary analysis of industry data. HortResearch Client Report 10490. HortResearch, Auckland North, New Zealand. 156 pp; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N.A., Cate, L.R., Connolly, P.G., A technique for measuring growth rate and survival of armoured scale insects (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 288-293; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N.A., Ramankutty, P., Armoured scale insect infestation on kiwifruit in relation to position on the vine (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 47-50; Maher, B.J., Logan, D.P., Connolly, P.G., Effect of mineral oil and diazinon residues on the predator European earwig, Forficula auricularia, in kiwifruit (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 202-207; Mueller, T.F., Blommers, L.H., Mois, P.J.M., Earwig Forficula auricularia predation on the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (1988) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 47, pp. 145-152; Nicholas, A.H., Spooner-Hart, R.N., Vickers, R.A., Abundance and natural control of the woolly aphid Eriosoma lanigerum in an Australian apple orchard IPM programme (2005) BioControl, 50, pp. 271-291; Soloman, M.E., The natural control of animal populations (1949) Journal of Animal Ecology, 18, pp. 1-35 PY - 2007 SP - 249-253 ST - European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, and predation of scale insects in organic and conventionally managed kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, and predation of scale insects in organic and conventionally managed kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548767636&partnerID=40&md5=7607135887e8f4fbaf105943e8504854 VL - 60 ID - 521 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The timing and incidence of lepidopteran damage to two kiwifruit cultivars, Hort16A and Hayward, were compared by monitoring tagged fruit bunches on unsprayed vines over two seasons. In both seasons, the percentage of fruit with caterpillar damage increased rapidly during the 8 weeks immediately after fruit set. No new damage was found on Hort16A fruit after this time, but Hayward fruit continued to be damaged from February until May. Only 7.4% (both seasons) of Hort16A fruit incurred severe damage (non-export) compared with 11.7% (1997) or 18.4% (1998) of Hayward fruit. Damage to Hort16A fruit was generally to the sepal area or side of fruit, whereas the side of fruit or stamen end were the most common feeding sites on Hayward. Ctenopseustis obliquana and Stathmopoda spp. caterpillars were the predominant species found on Hort16A fruit, while C. obliquana and Cnephasiajactatana were the most common species found on Hayward fruit. AU - McKenna, C. E. AU - Stevens, P. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: McKenna, C.E., The effectiveness of different insecticide programmes for kiwifruit (1998) Proceedings of the 51 st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 184-188; Steven, D., Entomology in kiwifruit (1990) Kiwifruit Science and Management, pp. 362-412. , Warrington IJ, Weston GC ed, Ray Richards Publisher in association with the N.Z. Society for Horticultural Science, Auckland, New Zealand. Pp; Steven, D., Pest Lepidoptera of kiwifruit in New Zealand (1991) Acta Horticulturae, 297, pp. 531-536; Stevens, P.S., McKenna, C.E., Steven, D., The timing of lepidopteran damage to kiwifruit (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 130-134; Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science Application, 4, pp. 357-362; Suckling, D.M., Burnip, G.M., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., McLaren, G.F., Howard, C.R., Lo, P., Fraser, Abundance of leafrollers and their parasitoids on selected host plants in New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26, pp. 193-203; Tomkins, A.R., Steven, D., McKenna, C., Lees, N., Sale, P., Monitoring leafroller moths in Bay of Plenty kiwifruit orchards (1991) Proceedings of the 44th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 52-57 PY - 2007 SP - 254-258 ST - A comparison of lepidopteran damage to 'Hort16A' and 'Hayward' kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A comparison of lepidopteran damage to 'Hort16A' and 'Hayward' kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548795322&partnerID=40&md5=4035abe36a1f8fc877e9adf5da81608e VL - 60 ID - 550 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The percentage of detached grape berries inoculated in the laboratory that became infected by Botrytis cinerea during ripening was correlated with increasing sugar concentration and increasing yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentration. These factors could not be separated to provide a causal relationship between YAN and % berries with disease due to the close relationship that existed between sugar concentration, YAN, vine development and time. Wounding increased the percentage of berries with disease, particularly when the berries were immature. These findings do not support the hypothesis that the inherent susceptibility of grape berries to botrytis infection increases with increasing YAN. Field observations by growers that nitrogen fertiliser increases bunch rot may be due to nitrogen causing increased canopy density, which in turn causes a microclimate more conducive to the development of botrytis bunch rot. AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :17 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, S.J., Henschke, P.A., Implications of nitrogen nutrition for grapes, fermentation and wine (2005) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 11 (3), pp. 242-295; Christensen, L.P., Bianchi, M.L., Peacock, W.L., Hirschfelt, D.J., Effect of nitrogen fertiliser timing and rate on inorganic nitrogen status, fruit composition, and yield of grapevines (1994) American Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 45 (4), pp. 377-387; Commenil, P., Brunet, L., Audran, J.-C., The development of the grape berry cuticle in relation to susceptibility to bunch rot disease (1997) Journal of Experimental Botany, 48 (313), pp. 1599-1607; English, J.T., Thomas, C.S., Marois, J.J., Gubler, W.D., Microclimates of grapevine canopies associated with leaf removal and control of botrytis bunch rot (1989) Phytopathology, 79 (4), pp. 395-401; Gabler, F.M., Smilanick, J.L., Mansour, M., Ramming, D.W., Mackey, B.E., Correlations of morphological, anatomical, and chemical features of grape berries with resistance to Botrytis cinerea (2003) Phytopathology, 93 (10), pp. 1263-1273; Goldspink B-H, Frayne B 1996. The effect of nutrients on vine performance, juice parameters and fermentation characteristics. In: Goldspink B-H, Howes KM ed. Fertilisers for wine grapes - an information package to promote efficient fertiliser practices. Agriculture Western Australia, Mildura. 12 pp; Hill, G., Stellwaag-Kittler, F., Huth, G., Schlosser, E., Resistance of grapes in different developmental stages to Botrytis cinerea (1981) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 328-338; Keller, M., Kunner, M., Carmo Vasconcelos, M., Reproductive growth of grapevines in reponse to nitrogen supply and rootstock (2001) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 7, pp. 12-18; Spayd, S.E., Nagel, C.W., Edwards, C.G., Yeast growth in riesling juice as affected by vineyard nitrogen fertilisation (1995) American Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 46 (1), pp. 49-55; Spayd, S.E., Wample, R.L., Stevens, R.G., Evans, R.G., Seymour, B.J., Nagel, C.W., Nitrogen fertilisation of white riesling grapes in Washington. Must and wine composition (1994) American Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 45 (1), pp. 34-42 PY - 2007 SP - 123-127 ST - Susceptibility of grapes to Botrytis cinerea in relation to berry nitrogen and sugar concentration T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Susceptibility of grapes to Botrytis cinerea in relation to berry nitrogen and sugar concentration UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548757884&partnerID=40&md5=4e951ef610ef0240f05e32d237a9f8ac VL - 60 ID - 549 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are a major source of dietary protein and calories for the poor in East Africa. The increasingly abundant Ootheca bennigseni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a key pest that threatens bean production and jeopardizes farmers' harvest. Participatory research with farmers suggested the need for affordable and accessible organic pest control methods. The effect of diluted cow urine and aqueous extract from vemonia (Vernonia lasiopus var. iodocalyx) leaves was evaluated in three consecutive applications. Researcher-managed on-farm trials showed that cow urine reduced pest abundance for at least 24 hours. The aqueous vemonia extract reduced the insect abundance consistently for at least 7 days. Foliar damage at the peak time of infestation was significantly reduced by vernonia but not by cow urine. Future research needs to find ways to enhance and prolong the efficacy of natural substances and determine the relationship between adult abundance, larval population and bean yield. AU - Paul, U. V. AU - Ampofo, J. K. O. AU - Hilbeck, A. AU - Edwards, P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abate, T., Ampofo, J.K.O., Insect pests of beans in Africa: Their ecology and management (1996) Annual Review of Entomology, 41, pp. 45-73; Ampofo JKO, Hollenweger UV, Massomo SMS 2002. Participatory integrated pest management (IPM) development and extension: The case of bean foliage beetles in Hai, Northern Tanzania. In: Participatory Technology Development for Agricultural Improvement: Challenges for Institutional Integration, IIRR, Cavite, Philippines, accessed on 09/04/2007 at http://www.iirr.org/PTD/ Annex%20Abstracts.htm; Ampofo, J.K.O., Massomo, S.M.S., Participatory IPM development and extension in northern Tanzania (1998) CIAT Africa Workshop Series, 38, pp. 212-218. , Participatory Research for Improved Agroecosystem Management: a Synthesis Workshop; (2000) Karate with Zeon Technology: Creating the New Standard. Syngenta, , Basel, Switzerland. Anon; Burnett Jr, W.C., Jones Jr, S.B., Marry, T.J., Padolina, W.G., Sesquiterpene lactones - insect feeding deterrents in Vernonia (1974) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2, pp. 25-29; Cardona, C., Gonzales, R., Schoonhoven, A.V., Evaluation of damage to common beans by larvae and adults of Diabrotica balteata and Cerotoma facialis (1982) Journal of Economic Entomology, 75, pp. 324-327; Gálvez, G.E., Galindo, J.J., Alvarez, G., Defoliación artificial para estimar pérdidas por daños foliares en frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1977) Turrialba, 27, pp. 143-149; Hongo, H., Karel, A.K., Effect of plant extracts on insect pests of common beans (1986) Journal of Applied Entomology/ Zeitschrift fuer angewandte Entomologie, 102, pp. 164-169; Karel, A.K., Response of Ootheca bennigseni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to extracts from neem (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1799-1803; Karel, A.K., Autrique, A., Insects and other pests in Africa (1989) Bean Production Problems in the Tropics, pp. 455-504. , Schwartz HF, PastorCorrales MA ed, 2nd edition. CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Pp; Karel, A.K., Rweyemamu, C.L., Yield losses in field beans following foliar damage by Ootheca bennigseni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 762-765; Okech, M., Hassanali, A., The origin of phenolic tsetse attractants from host urine: Studies on pro-attractants and microbes involved (1990) Insect Science and its Applications, 11, pp. 363-368; Plewka, T., Observations on entomofauna of the meadow under the excessive impact of liquid manure (1986) Polish Ecological Studies, 12, pp. 221-135; Rodriguez, E., Towers, G.H.N., Mitchell, J.C., Biological activities of sesquiterpene lactones (1976) Phytochemistry, 14, pp. 1573-1580; Ross, S., Farmers' perception of bean pest problems in Malawi (1998) Network on Bean Research in Africa, , Occasional Publications 25, CIAT, Kampala, Uganda. 31 pp; Schneider M 2002. Biology and variations within the Ootheca spp. population in northern Tanzania. MSc Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. 52 pp; Shellie-Dessert, K.C., Bliss, F.A., Genetic improvement of food quality factors (1991) Common Beans: Research for Crop Improvement, pp. 649-653. , Schoonhoven AV, Voysest O ed, CIAT, Cali, Colombia. Pp; Sithanantham, S., Status of bean entomology in Zambia (1989) CIAT Africa Workshop Series, 11, pp. 17-20. , Proceedings of the 1st Meeting of the Pan-African Work Group Bean Entomology; Teixeira, M.L.F., Coutinho, H.L.C., Franco, A.A., Effects of Cerotoma arcuata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on predation of nodules and on N 2 fixation of Phaseolus vulgaris (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89, pp. 165-169; Wortmann, C.S., Kirkby, R.A., Eledu, C.A., Allen, D.J., (1998) Atlas of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in Africa, , CIAT, Cali, Colombia. 133 pp PY - 2007 SP - 189-198 ST - Evaluation of organic control methods of the bean beetle, Ootheca bennigseni, in East Africa T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of organic control methods of the bean beetle, Ootheca bennigseni, in East Africa UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548707598&partnerID=40&md5=7c21131a8b89d706cca2bdcff803369c VL - 60 ID - 524 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sitona lepidus had spread throughout the North Island of New Zealand by 2005, and was first detected in the South Island in January 2006 when one individual was found at Harewood, Christchurch. Intensive sampling during February 2006 recovered only two additional specimens. Several specimens were recovered from a separate Christchurch location in August 2006. Localised S. lepidus populations were discovered near Richmond, Nelson, in April 2006 and in Rai Valley in May 2006. A website established in May 2006 to provide information about S. lepidus was visited a mean of 135 times per month, but it was never used to report possible new South Island infestations. A biological control agent, Microctonus aethiopoides, was released at Richmond and Rai Valley between August 2006 and March 2007. By May 2007, it was parasitising from 4% to 14% of S. lepidus adults, which indicates it is likely to become permanently established. AU - Phillips, C. B. AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Hardwick, S. AU - Vink, C. J. AU - Kean, J. M. AU - Bewsell, D. AU - Ferguson, C. M. AU - Winder, L. M. AU - Iline, I. I. AU - Barron, M. C. AU - Stuart, B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Angus, M., Millions riding on tiny predator (2006) Rural News, p. 7. , 8 August; Anthony, R., Risk communication, value judgments, and the public-policy maker relationship in a climate of public sensitivity toward animals: Revisiting Britain's foot and mouth crisis (2004) Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 17, pp. 363-383; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Firth, A.C., Barratt, B.I.P., Sitona lepidus (1996) Gyllenhal newly established in New Zealand: Assessment of distribution in the North Island. Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 49, pp. 266-269; Barratt, B.I.P., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential clover pest new to New Zealand (1996) New Zealand Entomologist, 19, pp. 23-30; Bickerstaff, K., Risk perception research: Socio-cultural perspectives on the public experience of air pollution (2004) Environment International, 30, pp. 827-840; Blight, M.M., Dawson, G.W., Pickett, J.A., Wadhams, L.J., The identification and biological activity of the aggregation pheromone of Sitona lineatus (1991) Aspects of Applied Biology, 27, pp. 137-142; Clements, R.O., Murray, P.J., Sitona (1993) damage to clover in the UK. Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 260-264. , Pp; Fagan, W.F., Lewis, M.A., Neubert, M.G., van den Driessche, P., Invasion theory and biological control (2002) Ecology Letters, 5, pp. 148-157; Gerard, P.J., Dependence of Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae on abundance of white clover Rhizobium nodules (2001) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 91, pp. 149-152; Gerard, P.J., Eden, T.M., Hardwick, S., Mercer, C.F., Slay, M.W.A., Wilson, D.J., Initial establishment of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 203-208; Goldson, S.L., McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., BBI, P., Host specificity testing and suitability of a European biotype of the braconid parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides as a biological control agent against Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand (2005) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 15, pp. 791-813; Goodger, K., Clover root weevil well established (2006) Nelson Mail, 2006, p. 14. , 18 April; Hansen, J., Holm, L., Frewer, L., Robinson, P., Sandoe, P., Beyond the knowledge deficit: Recent research into lay and expert attitudes to food risks (2003) Appetite, 41, pp. 111-121; Hardwick, S., Addison, P.J., Eerens, J.P.J., Gerard, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., Factors influencing the rate of spread and impact of clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 147-154. , Pp; Jackson, D.J., Bionomics of weevils of the genus Sitones injurious to leguminous crops in Britain (1920) Annals of Applied Biology, 7, pp. 269-298; McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Phillips, C.B., Addison, P.J., A description of the commercial rearing and distribution of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for biological control of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2002) Biological Control, 24, pp. 165-175; Phillips, C.B., Goldson, S.L., Reimer, L., Kuhlmann, U., Progress in the search for biological control agents of clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2000) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 43 (4), pp. 541-548; Phillips, C.B., Iline, I.I., Vink, C.J., Winder, L.M., McNeill, M.R., Methods to distinguish between the Microctonus aethiopoides strains that parasitise Sitona lepidus and Sitona discoideus (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 297-303; Sandman, P.M., When people are "under-reacting" to risk (2004) The Synergist, pp. 24-25. , July. Pp; Wear, S., (2006) Projected balance of emissions units during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, p. 10. , Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand. p; Wear, S., Andrews, G., Clover Root Weevil Economic impact assessment (2005) Report to Biosecurity New Zealand, p. 35. , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington. New Zealand Institute of Economic Research, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 217-222 PY - 2007 SP - 209-216 ST - Clover root weevil in the South Island: Detection, response and current distribution T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Clover root weevil in the South Island: Detection, response and current distribution UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548762444&partnerID=40&md5=baaf4ab2626b9659eb84611724158679 VL - 60 ID - 519 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In a pot trial, fungal endophytes (Neotyphodium spp.) with different alkaloid profiles were investigated for their effects on numbers of a root aphid (Aploneura lentisci) in perennial ryegrass. Some endophytes were also tested in different cultivars (Nui, Samson and Impact). Two endophytes, AR37 and AR6, strongly suppressed root aphid numbers. Wild-type had fewer aphids than endophyte-free plants and AR1. Endophytes producing peramine only (AR1, AR12, AR22) and an endophyte producing peramine and lolitrem B (AR23) did not differ from endophyte-free. There were no cultivar by endophyte interactions but cultivar affected the strength of aphid response to Wild-type. Comparisons of alkaloid profiles suggest that ergovaline (in Wild-type and AR6) and epoxy-janthitrems (in AR37) may affect root aphids whereas peramine and lolitrem B do not. Differences in herbage dry weight of plants and a significant relationship between herbage dry weight and root aphid numbers indicated this aphid reduces the growth rate of plants. AU - Popay, A. AU - Gerard, P. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :21 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cottier, W., (1953) Aphids of New Zealand, , 382 pp; Hume, D.E., Popay, A.J., Cooper, B.M., Eerens, J.P.J., Lyons, T.B., Pennell, G.C.L., Tapper, B.A., Baird, D.B., Effect of a novel endophyte on the productivity of perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne) in New Zealand (2004) 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/ Grass Interactions, p. 313. , Kallenbach R, Rosenkrans CJ, Lock TR ed, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. Poster; Pennell, C., Popay, A.J., Ball, O.J.P., Hume, D.E., Baird, D.B., Occurrence and impact of pasture mealybug (Balanococcus poae) and root aphid (Aploneura lentisci) on ryegrass (Lolium spp.) with and without infection by Neotyphodium fungal endophytes (2005) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 48, pp. 329-337; Popay, A.J., Bonos, S.A., Biotic responses in Endophytic Grasses (2005) Neotyphodium in Cool-Season Grasses, pp. 163-185. , Roberts CA, West CP, Spiers DE ed, Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, USA. Pp; Popay, A.J., Easton, H.S., Interactions between host plant genotype and Neotyphodium fungal endophytes affect insects (2006) Grassland Research and Practice Series, 12, pp. 97-101; Popay, A.J., Silvester, W.B., Gerard, P.J., New endophyte isolate suppresses root aphid, Aploneura lentisci, in perennial ryegrass (2004) 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/ Grass Interactions, p. 317. , Kallenbach R, Rosenkrans CJ, Lock TR ed, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. Poster; Tapper BA, Lane GA 2004. Janthitrems found in a Neotyphodium endophyte of perennial ryegrass. In: Kallenbach R, Rosenkrans CJ, LockTR ed. 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions. Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. Poster 301UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548780222&partnerID=40&md5=3629390afe255c9893fb31ef499f494a PY - 2007 SP - 223-227 ST - Cultivar and endophyte effects on a root aphid, Aploneura lentisci, in perennial ryegrass T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Cultivar and endophyte effects on a root aphid, Aploneura lentisci, in perennial ryegrass VL - 60 ID - 520 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus (EppoNPV) has considerable potential as a biocontrol agent or biopesticide for control of lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana, a pest of horticultural crops in New Zealand, and a market access problem in export fruit. To obtain regulatory approval for EppoNPV in either role EppoNPV must not negatively impact on non-target organisms. In this study, eight non-target insect species from one hymenopteran and five lepidopteran families were inoculated with EppoNPV at high titre (109 PIB/ml). Larval survival, growth rates, pupation and pupal weights were measured and larvae examined for EppoNPV. Minor differences in one parameter were found in Helicoverpa armigera and Cydia pomonella, but no viral infection. Growth and survival were compromised in virus-fed individuals in only one species, Tyria jacobaeae. The majority of T. jacobaeae larvae had high microsporidal infections and EppoNPV polyhedra were found in only one larva, suggesting a very low likelihood of field infectivity. AU - Poulton, J. AU - Markwick, N. P. AU - Ward, V. K. AU - Young, V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbott, W.S., A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide (1925) Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, pp. 265-267; Bailey, P.T., Ferguson, K.L., McMahon, R., Wicks, T.J., Transmission of Botrytis cinerea by lightbrown apple moth larvae on Grapes (1997) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 3 (2), pp. 90-94; Baker, G.J., Bailey, P.T., Charles, J.G., Leaf and fruit pests: Lightbrown apple moth (1994) Grape Production Series, 1, pp. 47-50. , Nicholas P, Magarey PA, Wachtel M ed. Diseases and Pests, Winetitles, Adelaide, Australia. Pp; Cory, J.S., Hirst, P.H.S., Speight, M.R., Narrow host range nucleopolyhedrovirus for control of the browntail moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (2000) Environmental Entomology, 29 (3), pp. 661-667; Glare, T., Newby, E.M., Nelson, T.L., Safety testing of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus for use against gypsy moth (1995) Lymantria dispar, in New Zealand. Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 264-269. , Pp; Grüner A 1986. Specificity and safety of baculoviruses. In: Granados RR, Federici BA ed. The Biology of Baculoviruses. 1. Biological Properties and Molecular Biology. CRC Press, Boca Raton. Pp. 177-202; Hyink, O., Dellow, R.A., Olsen, M.J., Caradoc-Davies, K.M.B., Drake, K., Heriou, E.A., Cory, J.S., Ward, V.K., Whole genome analysis of the Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus (2002) Journal of General Virology, 83, pp. 957-971; Kingston, C., Pest management under IWP - what does this mean? (2001) The Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker, pp. 53-56. , May; PL, L., Murrell, V.C., Time of leafroller infestation and effect on yield in grapes (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 173-178; Longworth, J.F., Insect Viruses and pest control: The search for alternatives (1976) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, pp. 17-19. , June; Longworth, J.F., Singh, P., A nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1980) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 35, pp. 84-87; Malone, L.A., Burgess, E.P.J., Christeller, J.T., Gatehouse, H.S., In vivo responses of honey bee midgut proteases to two protease inhibitors from potato (1998) Journal of Insect Physiology, 44 (2), pp. 141-147; Markwick, N., Graves, S., Fairbairn, F.M., Docherty, L.C., Poulton, J., Ward, V.K., Infectivity of Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus for New Zealand leafrollers (2002) Biological Control, 25, pp. 207-214; Markwick, N.P., Reid, S.J., Laing, W.A., Christeller, J.T., Effects of dietary protein and protease inhibitors on codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1995) Journal of Economic Entomology, 88 (1), pp. 33-39; McManus, M.T., Burgess, E.P.J., Effects of the soybean (Kunitz) trypsin inhibitor on growth and digestive proteases of larvae of Spodoptera litura (1995) Journal of Insect Physiology, 41 (9), pp. 731-738; Mo, J., Development of IPM strategies to manage lightbrown apple moth in citrus (2005) Fruitgrowers Newsletter, 8; Consensus document on information used in the assessment of environmental applications involving baculovirus (2002) Series on Harmonization of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, 20. , OECD, OECD Environment Health and Safety Publications, 90 pp; R Development Core Team 2006. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0; htttp://www.R-project.org (updated 24 April 2007); Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science and its Application, 4, pp. 357-362; Szewczyk, B., Hoyos-Carvajal, L., Paluszek, M., Skrzecz, I., Souza, M.L., Baculoviruses - re-emerging biopesticides (2006) Biotechnology Advances, 24, pp. 143-160; Taverner, P., Bailey, P., Hodgkinson, M., Beattie, G.A.C., Post-harvest disinfestation of lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with an alkane (1999) Pesticide Science, 55, pp. 1159-1166; Therneau T, Lumley T undated. Survival: survival analysis, including penalised likelihood. R package version 2.30; Wearing CH, Thomas WP, Dugdale JS, Danthanarayana W 1991. Tortricid pests of pome and stone fruits, Australian and New Zealand species. In: van der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH ed. Tortricid pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. World Crop Pests no 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Pp. 453-472; Wearing, C.H., Walker, J.T.S., Thomas, W.P., Clearwater, J.R., Suckling, D.M., Charles, J.G., Shaw, P.W., Burnip, G.M., Pest control for organic production in New Zealand (1994) Proceedings of 10th International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements Conference, , Lincoln, New Zealand; Wiltshire, J.W., (2003) Integrated Fruit Production in the New Zealand Pipfruit Industry, , Primary Industry Council/Kellogg Rural Leadership Programme. 25 pp PY - 2007 SP - 26-32 ST - Host range testing of a nucleopolyhedrovirus of the lightbrown apple moth, epiphyas postvittana T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Host range testing of a nucleopolyhedrovirus of the lightbrown apple moth, epiphyas postvittana UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548809669&partnerID=40&md5=741ee924a449ba3ad1f55335af17ca69 VL - 60 ID - 510 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The efficacy of three sanitisers (didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium hypochlorite and chlorobromohydantoin) and two fungicides (kresoxim methyl, potassium phosphite), applied as whole-tree sprays prior to harvest, was compared for reducing the number of colony forming units (cfu) of Penicillium digitatum on the surface of cv. Satsuma mandarin fruit, The effects on the cfu of the saprophytic fungi Cladosporium spp. and Epicoccum purpurascens were also examined. The efficacy of the sanitisers and fungicides differed according to the species of fungi. Didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride gave approximately a 75% reduction in numbers of cfu of P. digitatum, Cladosporium spp. and E. purpurascens. Sodium hypochlorite significantly reduced cfu of P. digitatum but did not affect cfu of Cladosporium spp. and E. purpurascens. Kresoxim methyl, potassium phosphite and chlorobromohydantoin exhibited no effect on cfu of P. digitatum and E. purpurascens. However, cfu of Cladosporium spp. was significantly reduced when fruit were treated with potassium phosphite. AU - Rheinländer, P. A. AU - Fullerton, R. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Brown, G.E., Wardowski, W.F., Use of chlorine and chlorine dioxide in Florida citrus packinghouses to reduce inoculum of decay pathogens (1984) Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 97, pp. 97-100; Eckert, J.W., Eaks, I.L., Postharvest disorders and diseases of citrus fruit (1989) The Citrus Industry, 5, pp. 179-260. , Reuther W, Calavan EC, Carman GE ed, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. California. Pp; Smilanick, J.L., Aiyabei, J., Gabler, F.M., Doctor, J., Sorenson, D., Mackey, B., Quantification of the toxicity of aqueous chlorine to spores of Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii (2002) Plant Disease, 86 (5), pp. 509-514; Taverner, P., Sanitiser use in South Africa, Spain and Florida (USA) (2001) Citrus Packer Newsletter, 64, pp. 1-3; (2007) New Zealand agrichemical manual 2007, , Young S ed, Agri Media Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. 596 pp PY - 2007 SP - 104-107 ST - Preharvest sanitisers and fungicides for reducing Penicillium digitatum inoculum on cv. Satsuma mandarin T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Preharvest sanitisers and fungicides for reducing Penicillium digitatum inoculum on cv. Satsuma mandarin UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548731851&partnerID=40&md5=d0cd4a85707b6841ea8553654de0392a VL - 60 ID - 517 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bronze beetle (Eucolaspsis sp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) threatens the viability of New Zealand's organic pipfruit industry. Small plot cultivation trials were conducted during spring to target immature beetles in the soil in a 2.5 m strip under apple trees. A single cultivation treatment in October prevented 56 to 81% of the beetle population from emerging. When plots were tilled every second week from October to December, 79 to 95% failed to emerge. The pattern and timing of bronze beetle emergence during 2006 was consistent between the four trial orchards and with the 2005 season. A survey of 20 orchards during November 2006 was unable to link beetle damage levels with management practices and the physical environment. New strategies to manage bronze beetle larvae are discussed. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Cole, L. M. AU - Fraser, T. M. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Clearwater, J.R., Richards, M.N., Bronze beetle control in Auckland apple orchards (1984) Proceedings of the 37th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 235-240; Dugdale, J.S., Hutcheson, J., (1997) Invertebrate values of kanuka (Kunzea ericoides) stands, Gisborne Region. Science for Conservation, 55. , Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. 17 pp; Gednalske, J.V., Walgenbach, D.D., Effect of tillage practices on the emergence of Smicronyx fulvus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 522-524; Kay, M.K., Bronze beetle (1980) Forest and timber insects in New Zealand, (49). , New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua, New Zealand. 4 pp; Lysaght AM 1930. Bronze beetle research. Bulletin 25. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand. 32 pp; Miller, D., (1971) Common insects in New Zealand, , AH & AW Reed Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. 178 pp; Rogers, D.J., Cole, L.M., Delate, K.M., Walker, J.T.S., Managing bronze beetle, Eucolaspis brunnea, in organic apple orchards (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 57-62 PY - 2007 SP - 1-6 ST - Potential strategies to manage bronze beetle (Eucolaspsis SP.) in organic apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Potential strategies to manage bronze beetle (Eucolaspsis SP.) in organic apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548760162&partnerID=40&md5=16ddd1ae39238d1d4dedb33b5319ec99 VL - 60 ID - 514 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Carystoterpafingens (Walker) is an endemic xylem feeder. It was chosen as a model insect for the glassy winged sharp shooter (Homalodisca coagulata (Say)). The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used to measure real-time stylet penetration and feeding behaviour of 48 adult C. fingens on four plant types, hebe (Hebe pubescens), rengarenga lily (Arthropodium cirratum), wild iris (Dietes bicolor) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea), over 12 days. EPG waveforms were recorded for 12 hours and the duration of the main penetration events (pathway, ingestion and non-probing phases) of the insects were analysed to compare host preferences. There were no significant differences in the duration of ingestion, indicating that all the plants were potential hosts for C. fingens. Insects on hebe showed the shortest non-probing time, suggesting that hebe was the most preferred host, as expected from observations in the wild. AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Ramankutty, P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Almeida, R.P.P., Backus, E.A., Stylet penetration behaviors of Graphocephala atropunctata (Say): EPG waveform characterisation and quantification (2004) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, pp. 838-851; Backus, E.A., Our own jabberwocky: Clarifying the terminology of certain piercingsucking behaviors of homopterans (2000) Principles and applications of electronic monitoring and other techniques in the study of homopteran feeding behavior, pp. 1-13. , Walker GP, Backus EA ed, Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD, USA. Pp; Backus, E.A., Devancy, M.J., Bennet, W.H., Comparison of signal processing circuits among seven AC electronic monitoring systems for their effects on the emf and R components of aphid waveforms (2000) Principles and applications of electronic monitoring and other techniques in the study of homopteran feeding behavior, pp. 102-143. , Walker GP, Backus EA ed, Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD, USA. Pp; Backus, E.A., Habibi, J., Yan, F.M., Ellersieck, M., Stylet penetration by adult Homalodisca coagulata on grape: Electrical penetration graph waveform characterization, tissue correlation, and possible implications for transmission of Xylella fastidiosa (2005) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98 (6), pp. 787-813; Calatayud, P.A., Rahbe, Y., Tjallingii, W.F., Tertuliano, M., Ru, B.L., Electrically recorded feeding behaviour of cassava mealybug on host and non-host plants (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 72, pp. 219-232; Crane PS 1970. The feeding of the blue-green sharp shooter Hordnia circellata (Baker) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ph. D. thesis, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Hamilton KGA, Morales CF 1992. Cercopidae (Insecta:Homoptera) Fauna of NZ series 25. DSIR Plant Protection, Auckland, New Zealand. Pp. 13-14; Lett, J.M., Granier, M., Grondin, M., Turpin, P., Molinaro, F., Chiroleu, F., Peterschmitt, M., Reynaud, B., Electrical penetration graphs from Cicadulina mbila on maize, the fine structure of its stylet pathways and consequences for virus transmission efficiency (2001) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 101, pp. 93-109; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Charles, J.G., (2006) EPG as a tool for host plant screening? New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, p. 364. , Abstract only; (2006) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , http://www.R-project.org, R Development Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Tjallingii, W.F., Continuous recording of stylet penetration activities by aphids (1990) Aphid-Plant Genotype, pp. 89-99. , Campbell RK, Eikenbary RD ed, Interaction. Oklahoma, USA. Pp; Tjallingii, W.F., Hogen Esch, T.H., Fine structure of aphid stylet routes in plant tissues in correlation with EPG signals (1993) Physiological Entomology, 18, pp. 317-328; Walker, G.P., Perring, T.M., (1994) Feeding and oviposition behavior of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) interpreted from AC electronic feeding monitor waveforms, 87 (3), pp. 363-374. , Entomological Society of America; Walker, G.P., A beginner's guide to electronic monitoring of homopteran probing behavior (2000) Principles and applications of electronic monitoring and other techniques in the study of homopteran feeding behavior, pp. 14-40. , Walker GP, Backus EA ed, Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD, USA. Pp PY - 2007 SP - 78-84 ST - Host plant testing of the spittle bug Carystoterpa fingens by stylet penetration behaviour T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Host plant testing of the spittle bug Carystoterpa fingens by stylet penetration behaviour UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548723861&partnerID=40&md5=4605eeb49b40f5f32596bd925b1551b2 VL - 60 ID - 531 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effect of four postharvest apple washing treatments and two unwashed treatments on fruit surface microflora and the development of storage rots in punctured and uninjured fruit were assessed. A significantly higher incidence of storage rot was observed in punctured apples (16-35%) than in uninjured apples (1-3%) after washing in water with high fungal populations (P<0.01 ). In contrast, no significant difference in rot incidence was observed between punctured (2%) and uninjured apples (1%) when the apples were washed in water containing few fungi. Most rots (90%) were apparently caused by Penicillium spp. Rots with Mucor spp., Botrytis spp. and Alternaria spp. were also present. Significant relationships were identified between (a) fungal concentrations in wash water and storage rot incidence in punctured apples, (b) post-washing fruit surface fungal populations and storage rot incidence in punctured apples and (c) fungal concentrations in wash water and fruit surface fungal concentrations. Yeast populations had no effect on rot incidence. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Manning, M. A. AU - Wood, P. N. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bartz, J.A., Washing fresh fruits and vegetables: Lessons from treatment of tomatoes and potatoes with water (1999) Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, 19 (12), pp. 853-864; Chun, D., McDonald, R.E., Seasonal trends in the population dynamics of fungi, yeasts, and bacteria on fruit surface of grapefruit in Florida (1987) Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 100, pp. 23-25; Clayton, M., Amos, N.D., Banks, N.H., Morton, R.H., Estimation of apple fruit surface area (1995) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23, pp. 345-349; Krishna, H., Carpenter, A., Potter, F., Effect of washing additives on the incidence of rots and an enumeration of surface microbes in stored squash (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 76-79; Pao, S., Brown, G.E., Reduction of microorganisms on citrus fruit surfaces during packinghouse processing (1998) Journal of Food Protection, 61 (7), pp. 903-906; Spotts, R.A., Serdani, M., Mielke, E.A., Bai, J.H., Chen, P.M., Hansen, J.D., Neven, L.G., Sanderson, P.G., Effect of high-pressure hot water washing treatment on fruit quality, insects, and disease in apples and pears. Part II. Effect on postharvest decay of d'Anjou pear fruit (2006) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 40 (3), pp. 216-220 PY - 2007 SP - 7-14 ST - The incidence of storage rots after postharvest apple washing T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The incidence of storage rots after postharvest apple washing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548803501&partnerID=40&md5=9b15694571a82034da2d16f0d289a42b VL - 60 ID - 548 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In January 2006 a grower reported failure to control whitefly on greenhouse capsicums in Karaka, South Auckland, despite high release rates of the biological control agent, Encarsia formosa. The whitefly was identified morphologically as Bemisia tabaci and capsicum represents a new host record for this species in New Zealand. Bemisia tabaci is polyphagous, and 24 biotypes are currently recognised worldwide. Biotypes B and Q have attracted international attention in the past two decades because of their rapid global spread. They are morphologically indistinguishable. DNA sequence analyses of samples collected in a survey in 2006 from capsicums and poinsettias revealed the presence of B. tabaci biotype Q in New Zealand. In a subsequent survey commissioned by Biosecurity New Zealand, 12 sites were visited between 27 June and 30 August 2006. Bemisia tabaci was only detected at one site but on multiple hosts. Sequences were identical to biotype Q sequences detected during the preliminary survey and to B. tabaci biotype Q samples from overseas. AU - Scott, I. A. W. AU - Workman, P. J. AU - Drayton, G. M. AU - Burnip, G. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2007), http://www.mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/BEMISlA/positive_states.htm, accessed 30 March 2007, Anon; Brown, J.K., Dennehy, T.J., Degain, B., Rogan, D., Harpold, G., Byrne, F., Nichols, R., (2005) First report of the Q biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in the USA and resistance to insecticides in an, , http://www.whitefly.org/whiteflyforum/forum_posts.asp?TID=32&PN=1, Arizona population, accessed 7 April 2007; Brown, J.K., Idris, A.M., Genetic differentiation of whitefly Bemisia tabaci mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, and phylogeographic concordance with the coat protein of the plant virus genus Begomovirus (2005) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98 (6), pp. 827-837; de Barro, P.J., Trueman, J.W.H., Frohlich, D.R., Bemisia argentifolii is a race of B. tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): the molecular genetic differentiation of B. tabaci populations around the world (2005) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95, pp. 193-203; de la Rua, P., Simon, B., Cifuentes, D., Martinez-Mora, C., Cenis, J.L., New insights into the mitochondrial phylogeny of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Mediterranean Basin (2006) Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 44 (1), pp. 25-33; Horowitz, A.R., Kontsedalov, Khasdan, V., Ishaaya 12005. Biotypes B and Q of Bemisia tabaci and their relevance to neonicotinoid and pyriproxyfen resistance Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 58, pp. 216-225; Jones, D.R., Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies (2003) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109, pp. 195-219; Ma, D., Gorman, K., Devine, G., Luo, W., Denholm, I., The biotype and insecticide-resistance status of whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), invading cropping systems in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China (2007) Crop Protection, 26, pp. 612-617; Martin, N.A., Whitefly Biology, Identification and Life Cycle (1999) Crop & Food Research Broadsheet, (91). , Crop & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand. 8 pp; Pascual, S., Callejas, C., Intra- and interspecific competition between biotypes B and Q of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Spain (2004) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94 (4), pp. 369-375; Perring, T.M., The Bemisia tabaci species complex (2001) Crop Protection, 20, pp. 725-737; Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H., Flook, P., Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers (1994) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87 (6), pp. 651-701; Swofford, D., (1998) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and other methods), , Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts; Tsagkarakou, A., Tseginopoulos, C.S., Gorman, K., Lagnel, J., Bedford, I.D., Biotype status and genetic polymorphism of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Greece: mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites (2007) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 97, pp. 29-40; Ueda, S., Brown, J.K., First report of the Q Biotype of Bemisia tabaci in Japan by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence analysis (2006) Phytoparasitica, 34 (4), pp. 405-411 PY - 2007 SP - 264-270 ST - First record of Bemisia tabaci biotype Q in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - First record of Bemisia tabaci biotype Q in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548776372&partnerID=40&md5=2c4cb6a978c10dab04b9e2a74144a8d8 VL - 60 ID - 546 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The efficacy of a novel 'air stream' predator mite application method for the control of two-spotted mites (TSM, Tetranychus urticae) in hops was compared with a standard teaspoon release method. Predator mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis) were successfully established with a single release using both application methods and TSM declined to low numbers during the monitoring period. Application of predator mites with a delivery device attached to a conventional leaf blower mounted on a quad bike was equally effective and at least four times faster than hand application. There was no evidence of any physical damage to mites applied with the mite blower device. The potential of the 'air stream' application method to improve the efficiency of biological control of TSM using predator mites is discussed. AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Campbell, C.A.M., Lilley, R., The effects of timing and rates of release of Phytoseiulus persimilis against two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on dwarf hops (1999) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 9, pp. 453-465; Harris-Virgin, P.M., Wallis, D.R., Shaw, P.W., Two spotted mite control in hops 2003-2004 season (2004) HortResearch Report, , No. 13507. HortResearch, Auckland, 9 pp; Leggett GW 1987. An investigation of the effect of release of the two-spotted mite predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis, on hops in Tasmania. Research Report No. 87-01, Australian Hop Marketers Proprietary Limited. 16 pp; McKinnon L 1987. Attempts to establish control of two-spotted mite in hops using the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. In: Hop Research Report 1986/87 Season, Lewis GK ed. Carlton and United Breweries Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Pp. 8-10; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Sustainable hop farming: An investigation into mite control (2005) HortResearch Report, , No. 15239. HortResearch, Auckland. 13 pp; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Sustainable hop farming: An investigation into mite control (2006) HortResearch Report, , No. 15247. HortResearch, Auckland. 10 pp; Strong, W.B., Croft, B.A., Inoculative release of phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) into the rapidly expanding canopy of hops for the control of Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae) (1995) Environmental Entomology, 24, pp. 446-453; van de Vrie, M., McMurtry, J.A., Huffaker, C.B., Ecology of tetranychid mites and their natural enemies: A review. III. Biology, ecology, and pest status, and host-plant relations of tetranychids (1972) Hilgardia, 41, pp. 343-432 PY - 2007 SP - 89-93 ST - Predator mite application methods for biological control of two-spotted mites in hops T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Predator mite application methods for biological control of two-spotted mites in hops UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548775678&partnerID=40&md5=9be8bbe3bb7d25e0e445a811164c5f5b VL - 60 ID - 515 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The spatial change of woody vegetation in the Canterbury region was automatically mapped between 1990 and 2001 using Landsat satellite image mosaics. The intersection of valid data from these mosaics gave coverage of 84% of the Canterbury region. Changes in woody cover greater than 5 ha were identified. Of the 5 ha areas of woody change, only those that were likely to have been a scrub change were selected, using ancillary thematic data for current vegetation cover (e.g. afforestation and deforestation were excluded). This resulted in 2466 polygons of potential scrub change. These polygons were rapidly checked by visual assessment of the satellite imagery and assigned to exotic or indigenous scrub change categories. Between 1990 and 2001 the total scrub weed area in the Canterbury region increased by 3600 ± 400 ha, and indigenous scrub increased by 2300 ± 400 ha. AU - Shepherd, J. D. AU - Dymond, J. R. AU - Cuff, J. R. I. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Dymond, J.R., Shepherd, J.D., The spatial distribution of indigenous forest and its composition in the Wellington region, New Zealand, from ETM+ satellite imagery (2004) Remote Sensing of the Environment, 90, pp. 116-125; Everitt, J.H., Escobar, D.E., Alaniz, M.A., Villarreal, R., Davis, M.R., Distinguishing brush and weeds on rangelands using video remote sensing (1992) Weed Technology, 6 (4), pp. 913-921; Gardiner, D.B., Tupper, G.J., Dudgeon, G.S., A quantitative appraisal of woody shrub encroachment in Western New South Wales (1998) Rangeland Journal, 20 (1), pp. 26-40; Lass, L.W., Carson, H.W., Callihan, R.H., Detection of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstltialis) and common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) with multispectral digital imagery (1996) Weed Technology, 10 (3), pp. 466-474; undated, M.F.E., (2007) Ministry for the environment - The New Zealand Land Cover Database, , http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/land/land-cover-dbase/index.html, accessed 18 May; Shepherd, J.D., Lee, W.G., Satellite mapping of gorse at regional scales (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 95-98; Shepherd, J.D., Dymond, J.R., Correcting satellite imagery for the variance of reflectance and illumination with topography (2003) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24 (17), pp. 3503-3514 PY - 2007 SP - 137-140 ST - Monitoring scrub weed change in the Canterbury region using satellite imagery T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Monitoring scrub weed change in the Canterbury region using satellite imagery UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548773387&partnerID=40&md5=92b964037649da840092643a7e570d54 VL - 60 ID - 538 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The phenology of Cydia succedana, an introduced seed-feeder of Ulex europaeus, was investigated. Pheromone traps were set out at McLeans Island, Christchurch, a warm, lowland site and Hinewai Reserve, Banks Peninsula, a cool, upland site, to observe the phenology of C. succedana at two different altitudes and climatic conditions. Moth populations were estimated by the mean number of male moths caught in the traps. The phenology of C. succedana was synchronised with the first U. europaeus flowering in spring-summer. Significantly more male moths were captured at McLeans Island from October 2002 to February 2003. AU - Sixtus, C. R. AU - Scott, R. R. AU - Hill, G. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alston, D.G., Reding, M.E., Codling moth (2003) Cydia pomonella, , http://extension.usu.edu/ipm/codling.htm, Linnaeus, Department of Biology, Utah State University Extension website:, accessed 1 December; Bradley, J.D., Tremewan, W.G., Smith, A., (1979) British Tortricoid Moths; Tortricidae: Olethreutinae, , The Royal Society, London; Cowley, J.M., Life cycle of Apion ulicis (Coleóptera: Apionidae), and gorse seed attack around Auckland (1983) New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 10, pp. 83-86; Danthanarayana, W., The bionomics, distribution and host range of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walk.) (Tortricidae) (1975) Australian Journal of Zoology, 23, pp. 419-437; Hill, R.L., Gourlay, A.H., Host-range testing, introduction, and establishment of Cydia succedana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for biological control of gorse, Ulex europaeus L., in New Zealand (2002) Biological Control, 25, pp. 173-186; Hill, R.L., Gourlay, A.H., Martin, L., Seasonal and geographic variation in the predation of gorse seed, Ulex europaeus L., by the seed weevil Apion ulicis Forst (1991) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18, pp. 37-43; Hughes, J.G., Hern, A., Dorn, S., Preimaginal environment influences adult flight in Cydia molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2004) Environmental Entomology, 33, pp. 1155-1162; Moss, G.R., Gorse, a weed problem of thousands of acres of farm land (1960) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 100, pp. 561-567; Rock, G.C., Shaffer, P.L., Developmental rates of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) reared on apple at four constant temperatures (1983) Environmental Entomology, 12, pp. 831-834; Sixtus, C.R., (2004) An investigation of the life history of the gorse pod moth (Cydia succedana) and its effectiveness at reducing gorse ( Ulex europaeus) seed production, , M.Agr.Sc. thesis, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand; Suckling, D.M., Hill, R.L., Gourlay, A.H., Witzgall, P., Sex attractant-based monitoring of a biological control agent of gorse (1999) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 9, pp. 99-104; Zabkiewicz JA 1976. The ecology of gorse and its relevance to New Zealand forestry. In: Chavazze, CGR ed. The use of herbicides in forestry in New Zealand. Forest Research Institute Symposium 18: 63-68UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548720334&partnerID=40&md5=bf916bd4d675cdc22f7480efc763824b PY - 2007 SP - 146-151 ST - The phenology of Cydia succedana on gorse in Canterbury T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The phenology of Cydia succedana on gorse in Canterbury VL - 60 ID - 528 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stevens, P. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2007 ST - New Zealand Plant Protection: Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - New Zealand Plant Protection: Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548717005&partnerID=40&md5=6f75c914c31e2f21ed34ccbcf23390de VL - 60 ID - 526 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The presence of some insect and mite species on kiwifruit at harvest can cause quarantine problems in some overseas markets. There is potential to remove these passenger pests using physical handling methods, such as the fruit brushing systems that are currently used in packhouses. The abilities of two types of post harvest brushing systems to remove surface dwelling insects and mites from kiwifruit were compared. Bins of naturally infested fruit were passed through two contrasting post harvest brushing systems and levels of infestations subsequently compared with unbrushed fruit. Both brushing systems removed more than 85% of Collembola, thrips, mites and small beetles. However, armoured scale insects were not removed, and a relatively low proportion of whirly-gig mite (Anystis baccarum) cocoons was removed. There were no significant differences between the two brushing systems. AU - Stevens, P. S. AU - McKenna, C. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cuthbertson, A.G.S., Murchie, A.K., Anystis baccarum - an apple orchard assassin (2005) Biologist, 52 (6), pp. 324-327; Kerr, J.P., Hewett, E.W., Aitken, A.G., (2005) FreshFacts 2005, , www.hortresearch.co.nz, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, accessed 01 April; Suckling, M., McKenna, C.E., Walker, J.T.S., Integrated Pest Management in New Zealand Horticulture (2003) Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena, pp. 385-396. , Maredia KM, Dakouo D, Mota-Sanchez D ed, CAB International, UK. Pp; Whiting, D.C., Hoy, L.E., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., Effects of high-pressure water jets on armoured scale insects and other contaminants of harvested kiwifruit (1998) Proceedings of the 51 st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 211-215 PY - 2007 SP - 259-263 ST - The effectiveness of two brushing systems for post harvest disinfestation of kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effectiveness of two brushing systems for post harvest disinfestation of kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548775663&partnerID=40&md5=a9db82ccc9a8237adb73b323cc22662c VL - 60 ID - 527 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Used in isolation, several odour chemicals are known to increase trap capture of some thrips, especially flower-inhabiting species. This study examined the combined use of two structurally distinct odour chemicals, both known to increase thrips trap capture in isolation. Field bioassays using water traps were undertaken at two sites in New Zealand to target different thrips species. Water traps had (1) no odour (water), (2) p-anisaldehyde only, (3) methyl isonicotinate only, (4) panisaldehyde and methyl isonicotinate mixed together in the same vial or (5) p-anisaldehyde and methyl isonicotinate placed separately in adjacent vials. Thrips tabaci was the most common thrips species trapped at both sites (>92%). Most odour treatments increased trap capture of T. tabaci compared with the controls (p-anisaldehyde by 1.8 and 7x, methyl isonicotinate by 5 and 30x) but treatments with the two chemicals combined did not increase trap capture above the level of methyl isonicotinate alone, at both sites. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - James, D. E. AU - Winkler, S. AU - McLachlan, A. R. G. AU - Perry, N. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aldrich, J.R., Zhang, Q.H., Zhang, A.J., Synergistic chemical attraction of the eastern yellowjacket, Vespula maculifrons (Hymenoptera: Cespidae) (2004) Journal of Entomological Science, 39 (4), pp. 643-653; Berry, N., Butler, R.C., Teulon, D.A.J., Responses of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscurants) to synthetic and natural stimuli (odour and colour) in a wind tunnel (2006) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 34, pp. 121-129; Davidson, M.M., Butler, R.C., Winkler, S., Teulon, D.A.J., Pyridine compounds increase trap capture of Frankliniella occientalis (Pergande) in a covered crop (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 56-60; Davidson, M.M., Teulon, D.A.J., Perry, N.B., Insect behavior modifying compounds. International Publication (2005), Number: WO 2005/046330, AL. Australian Patent office, Woden, Australia; Imai, T., Maekawa, M., Murai, T., Imai, T., Maekawa, M., Attractiveness of methyl anthranilate and its related compounds to the flower thrips, Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), T-coloratus Schmutz, T-flavus Schrank and Megalurothrips distalis (Karny) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) (2001) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 36 (4), pp. 475-478; Kirk, W.D.J., Effect of some floral scents on host finding by thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) (1985) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 11 (1), pp. 35-43; Landolt, P.J., Adams, T., Reed, H.C., Zack, R.S., Trapping alfalfa looper moths (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) with single and double component floral chemical lures (2001) Environmental Entomology, 30 (4), pp. 667-672; Lewis T 1997. Thrips as Crop Pests. CAB International. Wallingford, UK. Moritz G, Mound LA, Morris DC, Goldarazena A 2004. Pest Thrips of the World. Lucid CD-ROM. The University of Queensland, Australia; Mound, L.A., The thysanoptera vector species of tospoviruses (1996) Acta Horticulturae, 431, pp. 298-309; Mound LA, Walker AK 1982. Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 1. Science Information Publishing Centre, Wellington, NZ. Pp. 1-113; Murai, T., Imai, T., Maekawa, M., Methyl anthranilate as an attractant for two thrips species and the thrips parasitoid Ceranisus menes (2000) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26 (11), pp. 2557-2565; Nielsen, M.C., Fletcher, C.D., Teulon, D.A.J., Monitoring thrips flight with 7.5 metre high suction traps (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, p. 339; Rappaport, N.G., Stein, J.D., Mora, A.A.D., DeBarr, G., de Groot, P., Mori, S., Responses of Conophthorus spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to behavioral chemicals in field trials: A transcontinental perspective (2000) Canadian Entomologist, 132 (6), pp. 925-937; Robacker, D.C., Heath, R.R., Decreased Attraction of Anastrepha ludens to Combinations of Two Types of Synthetic Lures in a Citrus Orchard (1997) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23 (5), pp. 1253-1262; Robacker, D.C., Warfield, W.C., Flath, R.A., A 4-component attractant for the Mexican fruit-fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera, Tephritidae), from host fruit (1992) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 18 (7), pp. 1239-1254; Terry, L.I., Host Selection, Communication and Reproductive Behavior (1997) Thrips as Crop Pests, pp. 65-118. , Lewis T ed, University Press, Cambridge, UK. Pp; Teulon, D.A.J., Nielsen, M.-C., Distribution of western (glasshouse strain) and Intonsa flower thrips in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 208-212; Teulon, D.A.J., Nielsen, M.-C., Muir, C.A., Burnip, G.M., McCarthy, B.J.T., Assessing a possible flower thrips incursion using flower samples and semiochemicals (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, p. 324. , Abstract only; Teulon, D.A.J., Penman, D.R., Thrips (Thysanoptera) seasonal flight activity and infestation of ripe stonefruit in Canterbury, New Zealand (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89 (3), pp. 722-734; Teulon, D.A.J., Hollister, B., Cameron, E.A., Behavioural responses of western flower thrips to anisaldehyde, and implications for trapping in greenhouses (1993) Bulletin OILB/SROP, 16 (2), pp. 177-180; Teulon, D.A.J., Hollister, B., Butler, R.C., Cameron, E.A., Colour and odour responses of flying western flower thrips: Wind tunnel and greenhouse experiments (1999) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 93, pp. 9-19 PY - 2007 SP - 61-66 ST - Combination of two odour chemical lures does not increase thrips capture in field bioassays T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Combination of two odour chemical lures does not increase thrips capture in field bioassays UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548761361&partnerID=40&md5=d9bf7e77c008c926dc77ab2537328475 VL - 60 ID - 544 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effect of endophyte infection of tall fescue (with and without AR542 endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum), plant competition (white versus Caucasian clover, with and without subterranean clover overdrilled) and spring stocking rate (10 versus 20 ewes/ha) on the population size of annual grass weeds was monitored in a pasture on dry, stony soils in Canterbury. Barley grass (Critesion murinum) cover and seedhead production were lower in AR542 than endophyte free pastures and where subterranean clover was overdrilled than where it was not. Vulpia hair grass ( Vulpia spp.) seedhead production and cover were lower where subterranean clover was overdrilled and where Caucasian rather than white clover was sown. Ewe stocking rate did not affect annual grass weed cover or seedhead density. The results indicate that sowing tall fescue with AR542 endophyte may be a useful management tool to enhance growth of the perennial grass and reduce invasion of barley grass into dryland pastures. AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Lucas, R. J. AU - Edwards, G. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ates, S., Brown, H.E., Lucas, R.J., Smith, M.C., Edwards, G.R., Effect of ewe stocking rate in spring on subterranean clover persistence and lamb liveweight gain (2006) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 68, pp. 95-99; Black, A.D., Lucas, R.J., Caucasian clover was more productive than white clover in grass mixtures under drought conditions (2000) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 62, pp. 183-188; Bourdôt, G.W., Fowler, S.V., Edwards, G.R., Kriticos, D.J., Kean, J.M., Rahman, A., Parsons, A.J., Pastoral weeds of New Zealand: Status and potential solutions (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 139-161; Dowling PM, Verbeek B, Lemerle D, Leys AR 1995. Rapid regeneration of vulpia (Vulpia bromoides) in pastures. Proceedings of the 15th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. Pp. 497-500; Edwards, G.R., Lucas, R.J., Johnson, M.R., Grazing preference for pasture species by sheep is affected by endophyte and nitrogen fertility (1993) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 55, pp. 137-141; Hartley, M.J., Atkinson, G.C., Bimler, K.H., James, T.K., Popay, A., Control of barley grass by grazing management (1978) Proceedings of the 31 st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 198-200; Jurjavcic, N.L., Harrison, S., WoIfAT, Abiotic stress, competition, and the distribution of the native annual grass Vulpia microstachys in a mosaic environment (2002) Oecologia, 130, pp. 555-562; Popay, A.I., Hartley, M.J., Crouchley, G., The effect of different pasture cultivars on barley grass invasion (1981) Proceedings of the 34th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 107-111; Popay, A.J., Jensen, J.G., Cooper, B.M., The effect of non-toxic endophytes in tall fescue on two major insect pests (2005) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 67, pp. 169-173; Tozer KN, Ates S, Mapp NR, Smith MC, Lucas RJ, Edwards GR 2007. Effects of MaxP™ endophyte in tall fescue on pasture production and composition, and sheep grazing preference, in a dryland environment. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on fungal endophytes of grasses. Pp. 259-272UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548794761&partnerID=40&md5=8c43e9b5a7766348e8fe826720798b13 PY - 2007 SP - 164-167 ST - Suppression of annual grass weeds by AR542 endophyte infection in Dryland tall fescue pastures T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Suppression of annual grass weeds by AR542 endophyte infection in Dryland tall fescue pastures VL - 60 ID - 540 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Seeds of ripgut brome, an annual grass, can contaminate the wool, pelt and carcasses of sheep grazing on high country properties. The distribution of ripgut brome on seven high country properties in Marlborough, Canterbury and Otago was determined during December 2006 to February 2007. The presence of ripgut brome was measured in paddocks of different management intensities at altitudes ranging from 400 to 1400 m. Ripgut brome grass presence was lower in sites managed less intensively (e.g. less fertiliser and oversowing), in hard than laxly grazed sites, and in sites of high exotic perennial grass cover. It was more prevalent on stock camps than off stock camps and on steeper slopes and sunny aspects but was unaffected by legume cover, shrub presence or altitude. The results suggest that increased grazing intensity and enhanced plant competition are methods that may be used to suppress ripgut brome on hill and high country properties. AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Marshall, A. J. AU - Sedcole, J. R. AU - Edwards, G. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Biswell, H.H., Ecology of California grasslands (1956) Journal of Range Management, 9, pp. 19-24; Burghardt, G., Fraud-Williams, R.J., Effect of water stress and temperature on growth, transpiration and stomatal frequency in Bromus sterilis and B. diandrus (1996) Aspects of Applied Biology, 45, pp. 219-226; Crawley, M.J., (1993) GLIM for Ecologists, , Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. 379 pp; Dastgheib, F., Rolston, M.P., Archie, W.J., Chemical control of brome grasses (Bromus spp,) in cereals (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 227-232; Edwards, G.R., Hay, M.J.M., Brock, J.L., Seedling recruitment dynamics of forage and weed species under continuous and rotational sheep grazing in a temperate New Zealand pasture (2005) Grass and Forage Science, 60, pp. 186-199; Edgar, E., Connor, H.E., (2000) Flora of New Zealand, 5. , Grasses. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. 650 pp; Gillespie, B.J., Lucas, R.J., Moot, D.J., Edwards, G.R., Can topdressing with salt increase oversowing success and pasture quality on steep, south facing slopes in hill country pastures? (2006) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 68, pp. 349-353; Hancock, B., Schuster, H., Winning against seeds (2004) Management tools for your sheep enterprise, , Meat & Livestock Australia Ltd, Sydney, Australia. 44 pp; Popay, A.I., Sanders, P., Seasonal variations in salinity of soils supporting different levels of barley grass (Hordeum murinum L.) (1982) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 25, pp. 223-227; Power, D.R., Pollock, K.M., Lucas, R.J., Moot, D.J., Clover species cover on summer dry hill country in Central Otago (2006) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 68, pp. 343-347; Rebollo, S., Milchunas, D.G., Noy-Meir, I., Chapman, P.L., The role of spiny plant refuge in structuring grazed shortgrass steppe plant communities (2002) Oikos, 98, pp. 53-64; Robinson, G.R., Quinn, J.F., (1988) Extinction, turnover and species diversity, , in an; experimentally fragmented California annual grassland. Oecologia 76: 71-82; Rosière, R.E., An evaluation of grazing intensity influences on California annual range (1987) Journal of Range Management, 40, pp. 160-165; Tozer KN, Ates S, Mapp NR, Smith MC, Lucas RJ, Edwards GR 2007. Effects of the MAX P endophyte in tall fescue on pasture production and composition, and sheep grazing preference, in a dryland environment. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses. Pp. 259-262; White JGH 1990. Hill and high country pasture. In: Langer RHM ed. Pastures: their ecology and management. Oxford University Press, Auckland. Pp. 299-336UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548750335&partnerID=40&md5=22f0a981bdea2d75226f8faaf071a345 PY - 2007 SP - 168-173 ST - Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) distribution in relation to topography and management on seven high country properties in the South Island T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) distribution in relation to topography and management on seven high country properties in the South Island VL - 60 ID - 539 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fifty isolates of Botrytis allii, causing onion botrytis neck rot, were obtained from onion seed and bulbs throughout New Zealand and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim (benzimidazole) fungicide in a mycelial growth study. Agar plates amended with carbendazim at 6 or 8 different concentrations were inoculated with an 8 mm disc of mycelium of each of the isolates and incubated in the dark at 20°C. Radial growth of the colonies was measured after 4 days. EC50 (effective concentration required to give half of maximum growth) values were estimated by fitting logistic curves, with growth as a proportion of the maximum growth. Of the 50 isolates, 16 were identified as resistant, 32 as sensitive and two had a variable response. The estimated EC50 values for the isolates that were sensitive ranged from 0.006 to 0.053 μg/ml active ingredient. It is recommended that New Zealand onion growers closely follow the current benzimidazole resistance management strategy. AU - Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. AU - Marroni, M. V. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anon, undated. Records of Fungicide Resistance in the, , www.pesticides.gov.uk, UK, accessed 3 April 2007; Beresford RM 2005. Benzimidazole management strategy. In: Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington KC ed. Pesticide resistance: prevention & management strategies for 2005. The New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Hastings, New Zealand. Pp. 11-14; (2006) The guide to GenStat release 9 - Part 2: Statistics, , GenStat Committee, Payne RW ed. VSN International, Oxford, UK; Gladders, P., Carter, M.A., Owen, W.F., Resistance to benomyl in Botrytis allii from shallots (1994) Plant Pathology, 43 (2), pp. 410-411; Hewitt, H.G., (1998) Fungicides in crop protection, , CAB International University Press, Cambridge, UK, 221 pp; Kritzman, G., Studies on the fungicidal control of bulb rot caused by Botrytis allii in onions for the production of seeds (1983) Journal of Agricultural Science UK, 100 (3), pp. 519-525; Marroni, V.M., Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Butler, R.C., (2006) Management of Botrytis in onions - second year results. Crop & Food Research Confidential report, (1710). , New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand. 11 pp; Maude, R.B., The correlation between seed-borne infection by Botrytis allii and neck rot development in store (1983) Seed Science and Technology, 11, pp. 829-834; Maude, R.B., Presly, A.H., Neck rot (Botrytis allii) of bulb onions. I. Seed-borne infection and its relationship to the disease in the onion crop (1977) Annals of Applied Biology, 86, pp. 163-180; Maude, R.B., Presly, A.H., Neck rot (Botrytis allii) of bulb onions. II. Seed-borne infection and in relationship to the disease in store and the effect of seed treatment (1977) Annals of Applied Biology, 86, pp. 181-188; Metcalf, D., Hills, J., Neck rot in bulb and seed onions: A dangerous new twist (2004) Onions Australia, 21, pp. 29-30; Stewart, A., Franicevic, S.C., Infected seed as a source of inoculum for Botrytis infection of onion bulbs in store (1994) Australasian Plant Pathology, 23, pp. 36-40; Yohalem, D.S., Nielsen, K., Nicholaisen, M., Taxonomie and nomenclatural clarification of the onion neck rotting Botrytis species (2003) Mycotaxon, 85, pp. 175-182 PY - 2007 SP - 108-113 ST - Reduced sensitivity to carbendazim in isolates of Botrytis allii T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Reduced sensitivity to carbendazim in isolates of Botrytis allii UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548805451&partnerID=40&md5=9b89e19bb30798862ffb7d35359f28ae VL - 60 ID - 529 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Collection of meaningful data on long distance dispersal (LDD) of plant pathogens is very difficult because such events are very rare, and the strength and locations of pathogen sources are often unknown, This review of the different methods that have been deployed examines combinations of meteorological analyses and ground surveys, including spore trapping devices, collecting rainwater and identifying spores using real-time PCR. The relevance of these techniques is discussed in the context of surveillance and monitoring trans-Tasman dispersal of fungal spores. AU - Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. AU - Parr, E. L. AU - Marroni, M. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :17 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agrios, G.N., (1997) Plant pathology, , Academic Press, San Diego. 635 pp; Aylor, D.E., A framework for examining inter-regional aerial transport of fungal spores (1986) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 38, pp. 263-288; Aylor, D.E., The role of intermittent wind in the dispersal of fungal pathogens (1990) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 28, pp. 73-92; Aylor, D.E., Biophysical scaling and the passive dispersal of fungus spores: Relationship to integrated pest management strategies (1999) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 97, pp. 275-292; Aylor, D.E., Spread of plant disease on a continental scale: Role of aerial dispersal of pathogens (2003) Ecology, 84, pp. 1989-1997; Barnes, C.W., Szabo, L.J., Johnson, J.L., Bowersox, V.C., Krupa, S.V., Gay, D.A., Harlin, K.S., Detection of Puccinia graminis spores in rain using real-time PCR assay (2005) Phytopathology, 95, pp. s6. , abstract; Bowden, J., Gregory, P.H., Johnson, C.G., Possible wind transport of coffee leaf rust across the Atlantic Ocean (1971) Nature, 229, pp. 500-501; Brown, J.K.M., Hovmøller, M.S., Aerial dispersal of pathogens on the global and continental scales and its impact on plant disease (2002) Science, 297, pp. 537-541; Close, R.C., Moar, N.T., Tomlinson, A.I., Lowe, A.D., Aerial dispersal of biological material from Australia to New Zealand (1978) International Journal of Biometeorology, 22, pp. 1-19; Davis, J.M., Modeling the long-range transport of plant pathogens in the atmosphere (1987) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 25, pp. 169-188; Gage, S.H., Isard, S.A., Colunga-Garcia, M., Ecological scaling of aerobiological dispersal processes (1999) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 97, pp. 249-261; Griffiths, W.D., Stewart, I.W., Clark, J.M., Holwill, I.L., Procedures for the characterisation of bioaerosol particles. Part II: Effects of environment on culturability (2001) Aerobiologia, 17, pp. 109-119; Isard, S.A., Gage, S.H., Comtois, P., Russo, J.M., Principles of the atmospheric pathway for invasive species applied to soybean rust (2005) Bioscience, 55, pp. 851-861; Kolmer, J.A., Early research on the genetics of Puccinia graminis and stem rust resistance in wheat in Canada and the United States (2001) Stem rust of wheat: From ancient enemy to modem foe, pp. 51-82. , Peterson PD ed, APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota. Pp; Magarey, R.D., Fowler, G.A., Borchert, D.M., Sutton, T.B., Colunga-Garcia, M., Simpson, J.A., NAPPFAST: An internet system for the weather-based mapping of plant pathogens (2007) Plant Disease, 91, pp. 336-345; Limpert, E., Godet, F., Müller, K., Dispersal of cereal mildews across Europe (1999) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 97, pp. 293-308; Maldonado-Ramirez, S.L., Schmale III, D.G., Shields, E.J., Bergstrom, G.C., The relative abundance of viable spores of Gibberella zeae in the planetary boundary layer suggests the role of long-distance transport in regional epidemics of Fusarium head blight (2005) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 132, pp. 20-27; Mims, S.A., Mims III, F.M., Fungal spores are transported long distances in smoke from biomass fires (2003) Atmospheric Environment, 38, pp. 651-655; Nagarajan, S., Ajai, Monitoring and mapping long distance spread of plant pathogens (1988) Experimental techniques in plant disease epidemiology, pp. 243-249. , Kranz J, Rotem J ed, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Pp; Nagarajan, S., Singh, D.V., Long-distance dispersion of rust pathogens (1990) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 28, pp. 139-153; Nathan, R., Perry, G., Cronin, J.T., Strand, A.E., Cain, M.L., Methods for estimating long-distance dispersal (2003) Oikos, 103, pp. 261-273; Nathan, R., Sapir, N., Trakhtenbrot, A., Katul, G.G., Bohrer, G., Otte, M., Avissar, R., Levin, S.A., Long-distance biological transport processes through the air: Can nature's complexity be unfolded in silico? (2005) Diversity and Distributions, 11, pp. 131-137; Pfender, W., Graw, R., Bradley, W., Carney, M., Maxwell, L., Use of a complex air pollution model to estimate dispersal and deposition of grass stem rust urediniospores at landscape scale (2006) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 139, pp. 138-153; Prospero, J.M., Blades, E., Mathieson, G., Naidu, R., Interhemispheric transport of viable fungi and bacteria from Africa to the Caribbean with soil dust (2005) Aerobiologia, 21, pp. 1-19; Purdy, L.H., Krupa, S.V., Dean, J.L., Introduction of sugarcane rust into the Americas and its spread to Florida (1985) Plant Disease, 69, pp. 689-693; Stukenbrock, E.H., Banke, S., McDonald, B.A., Global migration patterns in the fungal wheat pathogen Phaeosphaeria nodorum (2006) Molecular Ecology, 15, pp. 2895-2904; Whitlock, M.C., McCauley, D.E., Indirect measures of gene flow and migration: FST1/(4Nm+1) (1999) Heredity, 82, pp. 117-125; Westbrook, J.K., Isard, S.A., Atmospheric scales of biotic dispersal (1999) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 97, pp. 263-274; Wilkinson, A.G., Spears, A.G., Introduction of the poplar rusts Melampsora lariciopulina and M. medusae to New Zealand and their subsequent distribution (1976) New Zealand Journal of Science, 19, pp. 196-198 PY - 2007 SP - 291-296 ST - Monitoring long-distance spore dispersal by wind-a review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Monitoring long-distance spore dispersal by wind-a review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548727946&partnerID=40&md5=6be79b3d9897bcaf8cc86b620eaec064 VL - 60 ID - 547 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Japanese honeysuckle is rapidly increasing as a weed throughout most of the North Island and northern South Island of New Zealand. A classical biological control programme was initiated in 2004-2005 with a survey of the natural invertebrate fauna and pathogens associated with the weed in New Zealand. The honeysuckle was being attacked by a diverse range of native and introduced invertebrates. But overall the damage was minimal and none of the herbivore niches on the weed were well utilised implying that exotic agents may have a chance of inflicting additional damage that might be sufficient to control the species. Most damage was caused by foliage feeders, such as lepidopterous larvae and thrips, but this affected less than 5% of total plant biomass. Primary and secondary foliar pathogens, such as Pseudocercospora lonicerae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Insolibasidium deformans and Phoma spp., were frequently recorded. Potential use of these natural enemies for weed biocontrol is discussed. AU - Waipara, N. W. AU - Winks, C. J. AU - Smith, L. A. AU - Wilkie, J. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Balciunas, J., International code for best practices for classical biological control of weeds (2004) Biological control of invasive plants in the United States, pp. 130-139. , Coombs EM, Clark JK, Piper GL, Cofrancesco AF ed. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis. Pp; Barton, J., Fowler, S.V., Gianotti, A.F., Winks, C.J., de Beurs, M., Arnold, G.C., Forrester, G., Successful biological control of mist flower (Ageratina riparia) in New Zealand: Agent establishment, impact and benefits to native flora (2007) Biological Control, 40, pp. 370-385; Beales, P.A., Scrace, J., Cook, R., Barnes, A.V., Lane, C.R., First report of honeysuckle leaf blight (Insolibasidium deformans) on honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) in the UK (2004) Plant Pathology, 53, p. 536; Bourdôt, G.W., Barton, J., Hurrell, G.A., Gianotti, A.F., Saville, D.J., Chondrostereum purpureum and Fusarium tumidum independently reduce regrowth in gorse (Ulex europaeus) (2006) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16, pp. 307-327; Cunnington, J.H., Pascoe, I.G., First record of Insolibasidium deformans in Australia (2003) Australasian Plant Pathology, 32, pp. 433-433; Larivière, M.-C., Cydnia, Acanthosomatidae, and Pentatomidae (Insect: Heteroptera) (1995) Fauna of New Zealand, (35). , Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. 112 pp; Mound, L.A., Walker, A.K., Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera) (1982) Fauna of New Zealand, (1). , Science Information Division, DSIR, Wellington. 113 pp; Pennycook, S.R., (1989) Plant diseases recorded in New Zealand, 1-3. , Plant Diseases Division, DSIR, Auckland, New Zealand; Setcliff, E.C., The wound pathogen Chondrostereum purpureum, its history and incidence on trees in North America (2002) Australian Journal of Botany, 50, pp. 645-651; Standish, R.J., (2002) Prospects for biological control of Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Thunb, , Caprifoliaceae, Unpublished report, Landcare Research, Nelson, New Zealand. 28 pp; Waipara NW, Winks CJ, Smith LA, Wilkie JP 2005. Invertebrates and fungi associated with Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae), in New Zealand. Landcare Research Contract Report No. LC0506/026, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand. 44 pp; Waipara, N.W., Winks, C.J., Gianotti, A.F., Villamil, C.B., Villamil, S.C., Delhey, R., Kiehr, M., Carpintero, D.L., Surveys for potential biocontrol agents for moth plant in New Zealand and Argentina (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 18-22; Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R., Gamock-Jones, P.J., Flora of New Zealand (1988) Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons, 4. , DSIR, Christchurch, New Zealand; Williams, P.A., Timmins, S.M., (1999) Biology and ecology of Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japónica) and its impacts in New Zealand. Science for Conservation, 99. , Department of Conservation, Wellington. 27 pp; Williams, P.A., Timmins, S.M., Smith, J.M.B., Downey, P.O., The biology of Australian weeds. 38. Lonicera japonica Thunb (2001) Plant Protection Quarterly, 16, pp. 90-116 PY - 2007 SP - 158-163 ST - Natural enemies of Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera Japónica, in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Natural enemies of Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera Japónica, in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548810798&partnerID=40&md5=55dc16f3a616079f820c8fc9ca912570 VL - 60 ID - 537 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Flower blight in blackcurrants caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea has received little attention in New Zealand. To determine the efficacy of a fungicide application in relation to the timing of infection, fungicides were applied 5, 3 and 1 day before as well as immediately after, 1, 2 and 5 days after an infection event. Cyprodinil and fludioxonil (Switch®) were chosen because of the translaminar systemic and protective mode of action. Studies were conducted during the 2006 flowering season in the laboratory and in the field on commercial properties in Canterbury and Nelson. Natural Botrytis flower inoculation and infection events were common during the 2006/07 production season. Results suggest that timing of fungicide application is critical for B. cinerea control in blackcurrants. Protection of flowers was achieved with cyprodinil and fludioxonil applications from 3 days before to 3 days after an inoculation and/or infection event. Reduction of flower infections resulted in increased fruit set. AU - Walter, M. AU - Obanor, F. O. AU - Smith, J. T. AU - Ford, C. AU - Boyd-Wilson, K. S. H. AU - Harris-Virgin, P. AU - Langford, G. I. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (1997) Switch - The top solution for Botrytis control in grapes, fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Novartis Crop Protection Ag, , September, Anon; Bielenin, A., Control of raspberry and blackcurrant diseases by tolyfluanid (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 585, pp. 331-333; Brennan, R.M., Gordon, S.L., Williamson, B., The effect of strobilurin fungicides on disease control and yield in blackcurrants (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 585, pp. 375-380; Broome, J.C., English, J.T., Marois, J.J., Latorre, B., Aviles, J.C., Development of an infection model for Botrytis bunch rot of grapes based on wetness duration and temperature (1995) Phytopathology, 85, pp. 97-102; Duben, J., Rosslenbroich, H.-J., Teldor® (fenhexamid) - a new specific fungicide for the control of Botrytis cinerea and related pathogens on Rubus, Ribes and other crops (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 585, pp. 325-329; McNicol, R.J., Williamson, B., Young, K., Ethylene production by blackcurrant flowers infected with Botrytis cinerea (1989) Acta Horticulturae, 262, pp. 209-215; Neumann, U., Über Beziehungen zwischen Wuchsstoffgehalt und Fruchtentwicklung bei Johannisbeeren (1955) Archiv Gartenbau, 3, pp. 274-296; Kerr, J.P., Hewett, E.W., Aitken, A.G., (2004) New Zealand Horticulture Fact and Figures. Sector Profiles, p. 12. , The Horticulture Food and Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand, p; Pappas, A.C., Jordan, V.W.L., (1997) Phenology of fruit growth and susceptibility to grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) of strawberry, raspberry and blackcurrant, 18 (1), pp. 1-11. , Annales de l'Institut Phytopathologique Benaki; Wellington, R., Hatton, R.G., Amos, J., The running off' of blackcurrants (1921) Journal of Pomology, 2, pp. 160-198 PY - 2007 SP - 114-122 ST - Timing of fungicide application for Botrytis cinerea control in blackcurrant (ribes nigrum) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Timing of fungicide application for Botrytis cinerea control in blackcurrant (ribes nigrum) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548722082&partnerID=40&md5=bd1df1d7e02f08c675227d985a9ec52e VL - 60 ID - 545 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Western flower thrips and onion thrips were the dominant thrips species on lettuce in 10 field trials undertaken at Pukekohe (South Auckland, New Zealand) between 2002 and 2005. This is the first record of western flower thrips on outdoor lettuce. Intonsa flower thrips was also found in lettuce for the first time. Both flower thrips species are vectors of Tomato spotted wilt virus but this virus was not observed in these trials. Thrips populations peaked in summer (Dec-Feb) with greatest numbers on 4 Feb 2003 (mean of 8/lettuce). The low number of thrips on the lettuce and the low rate of reproduction indicate that lettuce is a poor host plant, Thrips feeding damage was not sufficient for harvested lettuce to be down-graded in any of the trials. Imidacloprid seedling drenches applied to control currant lettuce aphid did not reduce thrips numbers. Methamidophos was the most effective insecticide for control of thrips in lettuce. AU - Workman, P. J. AU - Walker, G. P. AU - Winkler, S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Chaisuekul, C., Riley, D.G., Thrips (Thysanoptera: Tripidae) feeding damage response to concentrations of imidacloprid in tomato leaf tissue (2001) Journal of Entomological Science, 36 (3), pp. 315-317; Chatzivassiliou, E.K., Peters, D., Katis, N.I., The efficiency by which Thrips tabaci populations transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus depends on their host preference and reproductive strategy (2002) Phytopathology, 92 (6), pp. 603-609; Cho, J.J., Mau, R.F.L., German, T.L., Hartmann, R.W., Yudin, L.S., Gonsalves, D., Provvidenti, R., A multi-disciplinary approach to management of tomato spotted wilt virus in Hawaii (1989) Plant Disease, 73, pp. 375-383; Coutts, B.A., Jones, R.A.C., Suppressing spread of tomato spotted wilt virus by drenching infected sources or healthy recipient plants with neonicotinoid insecticides to control thrips vectors (2005) Annals of Applied Biology, 146 (1), pp. 95-103; Fletcher, J., Workman, P., (2003) Lettuce crops may be more prone to devastating tomato spotted wilt virus, pp. 19-20. , Grower, December; Fletcher, J.D., France, C., Butler, R.C., Virus surveys of lettuce crops and management of lettuce big-vein disease in North Island New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 239-244; Inoue, T., Sakurai, T., Murai, T., Maeda, T., Specificity of accumulation and transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in two genera, Frankliniella and Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (2004) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94 (6), pp. 501-507; Latham, L.J., Jones, R.A.C., Tomato spotted wilt virus and its management. Western Australian (1996) Journal of Agricultural, Fourth Series, 37, pp. 86-91; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Confirmation of a pesticide resistant strain of western flower thrips in New Zealand (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 144-148; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Insecticide resistance in onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticulture Science, 31, pp. 99-106; Steiner M 2002. Progress towards integrated pest management for thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in strawberries in Australia. Proceedings of the joint IOBC/WPRS Working Group Integrated Control in Protected Crops, Temperate Climate and IOBC/NRS Greenhouse, Nursery, & Ornamental Landscape IPM Working Group at Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 6-9 May 2002. Bulletin OILB/SROP 25(1): 253-256; Stufkens, M.A.W., Teulon, D.A.J., Bulman, S.R., Nasonovia ribisnigri a new aphid pest on lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) and Ribes spp. in Canterbury (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, p. 437; Teulon, D.A.J., Nielsen, M.-C., Distribution of western (glasshouse strain) and intonsa flower thrips in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 208-212; Walker, G., Workman, P., Stufkens, M., Fletcher, J., Qurehi, S., MacDonald, F., (2003) IPM for outdoor lettuce, pp. 21-24. , Grower, December; Workman, P.J., Martin, N.A., Towards integrated pest management of Thrips tabaci on onions (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 188-192; Van de Wetering, F., van der Hoek, M., Goldbach, R., Mollema, C., Peters, D., Variation in topovirus transmittion between populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidea) (1999) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89 (6), pp. 579-588 PY - 2007 SP - 42-49 ST - Incidence and control of thrips on outdoor lettuce at Pukekohe T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Incidence and control of thrips on outdoor lettuce at Pukekohe UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548798040&partnerID=40&md5=dcc4f83eeedf7b0d1b3f71dec925c572 VL - 60 ID - 541 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae causes soft rot of the kiwifruit cultivar Hort 16A (Actinidia chinensis). This paper describes measurement of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chitinase, with a view to identifying possible resistance markers to characterise the host/pathogen interaction. Four A. chinensis genotypes were treated pre-harvest with water or C. actinidiae spores. Fruit was stored at 1.5°C for 18 weeks to allow for disease development. Enzyme activities were measured at harvest and after storage in the area around disease lesions and in symptomless tissue. Soft rot incidence was highest in genotype 8A and equal in the other genotypes. Pre-harvest inoculation had no effect on subsequent soft rot incidence. Chitinase activities varied with genotype, and increased significantly during storage, but there was no difference between healthy versus diseased tissue. PAL expression varied with genotype, increased during storage, and was always significantly higher in the tissue around lesions. Neither enzyme measurement was a suitable resistance marker. AU - Wurms, K. V. AU - Chee, A. A. H. AU - Reglinski, T. AU - Taylor, J. T. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abo-Elyousr K, Yegen O, Zeller W 2006. Investigations on induced resistance against fire blight (Envinia amylovora) with different bioagents. Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Fire Blight. Acta Horticulturae 704: 357-362; Bernards, M.A., Ellis, B.E., Phenylpropanoid metabolism in tomato cell cultures cocultivated with Verticillium alboatrum (1989) Journal of Plant Physiology, 135, pp. 21-26; Fullerton, R.A., Rheinländer, P.A., Manning, M.A., Casonato, S.G., Infection and rot expression by Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae and Phomopsis sp. in kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A (2007) Proceedings of the 6th International Kiwifruit Symposium. Acta Horticulturae, , Press; Geffroy, V., Sévignac, M., De Oliveira, J.C.F., Fouilloux, G., Skroch, P., Thoquet, P., Gepts, P., Dron, M., Inheritance of partial resistance against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Phaseolus vulgaris and co-localization of quantitative trait loci with genes involved in specific resistance (2000) Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, 13, pp. 287-296; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N.A., Cheng, C.-H., Connolly, P.G., Measuring the resistance of Actinidia chinensis to armoured scale insects (2007) Proceedings of the 6th International Kiwifruit Symposium. Acta Horticulturae, , Press; Liu, B., Zhang, S., Zhu, X., Yang, Q., Wu, S., Mei, M., Mauleon, R., Leung, H., Candidate defense genes as predictors of quantitative blast resistance in rice (2004) Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, 17, pp. 1146-1152; Manning, M.A., Meier, X., Olsen, T.L., Johnston, P.R., Fungi associated with fruit rots of Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' in New Zealand (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31, pp. 315-324; McKenna, C.E., Dobson, S.J., Connolly, P.G., Techniques for detecting Actinidia resistance to leafrollers (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 51-56; Molano, J., Durán, A., Cabib, E., A rapid and sensitive assay for chitinase using tritiated chitin (1977) Analytical Biochemistry, 83, pp. 648-656; Ott, P.G., Varga, G.J., Szatmári, A., Bozsó, Z., Klement, E., Medzihradszky, K.F., Besenyei, E., Klement, Z., Novel extracellular chitinases rapidly and specifically induced by general bacteria elicitors and suppressed by virulent bacteria as a marker for early basal resistance in tobacco (2006) Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, 19, pp. 161-172; Reglinski, T.R., Whitaker, G., Cooney, J.M., Taylor, J.T., Poole, P.R., Roberts, P.B., Kim, K.K., Systemic acquired resistance to Sclerotinia Sclerotium in kiwifruit vines (2001) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 58, pp. 111-118; Rheinländer PA, Fullerton RA, Manning MA, Casonato SG 2005. Infection and rot expression by Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae and Phomopsis sp. in kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis var. Hort16A. Abstracts from the 15th Biennial Conference of the Australasian Plant Pathology Society, Geelong Australia, 26-29 September 2005. p. 69; Wurms, K., Long, P., Greenwood, D., Sharrock, K., Ganesh, S., Endo- and exo-chitinase activity in kiwifruit infected with Botrytis cinerea (1997) Journal of Phytopathology, 145, pp. 145-151; Wurms, K.V., The incidence of Botrytis cinerea and expression of putative host defences in green- and golden-fleshed kiwifruit of differing harvest maturity (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 125-129; Wurms, K.V., Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, and curing-induced responses of lytic enzymes and phenolics in fruit of two kiwifruit (Actinidia) cultivars (2005) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 33, pp. 25-34; Wulff EG, Gonzales EV, Ortega JA, Torres S, Perez W, Nelson R, Bonierbale M 2003. Comparative analysis of new sources of late blight resistance using phenotypic and molecular genetic approaches. Proceedings of the XXVI International Horticultural Convention on Potatoes - Healthy Food for Humanity. Acta Horticulturae 619: 23-29; Young, N.D., QTL mapping and quantitative disease resistance in plants (1996) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 34, pp. 479-501 PY - 2007 SP - 228-234 ST - Suitability of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chitinase activities as biochemical markers of soft rot resistance in Actinidia chinensis kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Suitability of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chitinase activities as biochemical markers of soft rot resistance in Actinidia chinensis kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548742239&partnerID=40&md5=645e5e1bd6e2a09f2105a78dc9cfd79e VL - 60 ID - 516 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, and its eggs are widely used to rear parasitoids and predators for biological control programmes. This experiment investigated how larval population density affected the survival rate and reproductive output of this species under four rearing densities (1 larva per 2 g food per vial; or 100, 500 or 1000 larvae per 50 g food per jar). The survival rate and reproductive output significantly decreased (P<0.0001) with increased larval density. On average 91, 73, 50 and 10% of neonate larvae survived to adults, and each resultant adult produced an average of 339, 321, 253 and 183 viable offspring, at densities of 1, 100, 500 and 1000 larvae, respectively. When the cost of labour is taken into consideration, a rearing density of 100 neonate larvae per 50 g food per jar is recommended to produce satisfactory quantity and quality of E. kuehniella adults and eggs. AU - Xu, J. AU - Wang, Q. AU - He, X. Z. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, C., Effect of cultural factors on the development of four stored-product moths (1976) Journal of Stored Product Research, 12, pp. 185-193; Calvert I, Corbet SA 1973. Reproductive maturation and pheromone release in flour moth Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller). Journal of Entomology Series A-Physiology & Behaviour 47: 201-209; Cerutti, F., Bigler, F., Eden, G., Bosshart, S., Optimal larval density and quality control aspects in mass rearing of the Mediteranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Lep., Phycitidae) (1992) Journal of Applied Entomology, 114, pp. 353-361; Corbet, S.A., Oviposition pheromone in larval mandibular glands of Ephestia kuehniella (1973) Nature, 243, pp. 537-538; Karalius, V., Buda, V., Mating delay effect on moths' reproduction: Correlation between reproduction success and calling activity in females Ephestia kuehniella, Cydia pomonella, Yponomeuta cognagellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Tortricidae, Yponomeutidae) (1995) Pheromones, 5, pp. 169-190; Lima FM, Favero S, Lima JOG de 2001. Production of the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on an artificial diet containing corn meal. Neotropical Entomology 30: 37-42; Peters, T.M., Barbosa, P., Influence of population density on size, fecundity, and developmental rate of insects in culture (1977) Annual Review of Entomology, 22, pp. 431-450; Rahman, M.M., Roberts, H.L.S., Schmidt, O., The development of the endoparasitoid Venturia canescens in Bt-tolerant, immune induced larvae of the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (2004) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 87, pp. 129-131; Rees, D., (2003) Insects of stored products, , CSIRO Publishing, London. 181 pp; Sato, T., Shinkaji, N., Amano, H., Effects of larval density on larval survivorship and imaginal fecundity of Dacne picta (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) (2004) Applied Entomological Zoology, 39, pp. 591-596; Singh, P., (1977) Artificial diets for insects, mites, and spiders, , IFI/PLENUM, New York, USA. 594 pp; Stone, T.R., Sims, S.R., (1992) Insect rearing and the development of bioengineered crops, pp. 33-40. , Anderson TE, Lepla NC ed. Advances in insects rearing for research and pest management. Westview Press/Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, Oxford, UK. Pp; Ullyet, G., Merwe, S., Some factors influencing population growth of Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Lep., Phycitid) (1947) Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 10, pp. 46-63; Zar, J.H., (1999) Biostatistical analysis, , Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 663 pp PY - 2007 SP - 199-202 ST - Influence of larval density on biological fitness of Ephestia kuehniella zeller (lepidoptera: Pyralidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of larval density on biological fitness of Ephestia kuehniella zeller (lepidoptera: Pyralidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548795323&partnerID=40&md5=372ec84a20e0ef35987e78ebf15402e5 VL - 60 ID - 556 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Use of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on New Zealand dairy farms is increasing in an attempt to minimise nitrate losses to ground water from urine patches. To study the impact of DCD on soil nematodes, samples were collected from a field trial in Waikato where 2.7 kg/ha was applied on 11 occasions over 12 months, and total nematodes and the nematode community analysed. Of the nematode families, genera and indices calculated, only populations of plant-feeding Pratylenchus (lesion) nematodes were significantly different between DCD treated and untreated plots. These results suggest that frequent, small applications of DCD over a single year had no major effect on the nematode community from bulk soil. AU - Aalders, L. T. AU - Bell, N. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amberger, A., Research on dicyandiamide as a nitrification inhibitor and future outlook (1989) Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 20, pp. 1933-1955; Bell, N.L., Watson, R.N., Optimising the Whitehead and Hemming tray method to extract plant parasitic and other nematodes from two soils under pasture (2001) Nematology, 3, pp. 179-185; Bongers, T., The Maturity Index, the evolution of nematode life history traits, adaptive radiation and cp-scaling (1999) Plant and Soil, 212, pp. 13-22; Bongers, T., Bongers, M., Functional diversity of nematodes (1998) Applied Soil Ecology, 10, pp. 239-251; Bongers, T., Ferris, H., Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring (1999) Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14, pp. 224-228; Cheng, Z., Grewal, P.S., Stinner, B.R., Hurto, K.A., Hamza, H.B., Effects of long-term turfgrass management practices on soil nematode community and nutrient pools (2008) Applied Soil Ecology, 38, pp. 174-184; Cookson, W.R., Cornforth, I.S., Dicyandiamide slows nitrification in dairy cattle urine patches: Effects on soil solution composition, soil pH and pasture yield (2002) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, pp. 1461-1465; Di, H.J., Cameron, K.C., Nitrate leaching in temperate agroecosystems: Sources, factors and mitigating strategies (2002) Nutrient Cycling in Agrosystems, 46, pp. 237-256; Di, H.J., Cameron, K.C., The use of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), to decrease nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in a simulated grazed and irrigated grassland (2002) Soil Use and Management, 18, pp. 395-403; Di, H.J., Cameron, K.C., Reducing environmental impacts of agriculture by using a fine particle suspension nitrification inhibitor to decrease nitrate leaching from grazed pastures (2005) Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 109, pp. 202-212; Di, H.J., Cameron, K.C., Silva, R.G., Russell, J.M., Barnett, J.W., A lysimeter study of the fate of N-15-labelled nitrogen in cow urine with or without farm dairy effluent in a grazed dairy pasture soil under flood irrigation (2002) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 45, pp. 235-244; Doncaster, C.C., A counting dish for nematodes (1962) Nematologica, 7, pp. 334-336; Ferris, H., Bongers, T., de Goede, R.G.M., A framework for soil food web diagnostics: Extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept (2001) Applied Soil Ecology, 18, pp. 13-29; Hauser, M., Haselwandter, K., Degradation of dicyandiamide by soil bacteria (1990) Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 22, pp. 113-114; Hua, J.F., Jiang, Y., Liang, W.J., Response of nematodes in a Hapli-Udic Argosol to urea amended with urease and nitrification inhibitors (2006) Pedosphere, 16, pp. 428-434; Ledgard, S.F., Penno, J.W., Sprosen, M.S., Nitrogen inputs and losses from clover/grass pastures grazed by dairy cows, as affected by nitrogen fertilizer application (1999) Journal of Agricultural Science, 132, pp. 215-225; (2007) Situation and outlook for New Zealand agriculture and forestry, , http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/statistics-and-forecasts/sonzaf/2007/page-18.htm, MAF, August 2007, Available from:, accessed 27.04.08; Magesan, G.N., Williamson, J.C., Yeates, G.W., Lloyd-Jones, A.R., Wastewater C:N ratio effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and potential mechanisms for recovery (2000) Bioresource Technology, 71, pp. 21-27; Moir, J.L., Cameron, KC, D.H., Effects of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide on soil mineral N, pasture yield, nutrient uptake and pasture quality in a grazed pasture system (2007) Soil Use and Management, 23, pp. 111-120; Ritz, K., McNicol, J.W., Nunan, N., Grayston, S., Millard, P., Atkinson, D., Gollotte, A., Prosser, J.I., Spatial structure in soil chemical and microbiological properties in an upland grassland. ITEMS (2004) Microbiology Ecology, 49, pp. 191-205; Rodgers, G.A., Wickramasinghe, K.N., Jenkinson, D.S., Mineralization of dicyandiamide labelled with 15N, in acid soils (1985) Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 17, pp. 253-254; Rodriguez Kabana, R., Organic and inorganic nitrogen amendments to soil as nematode suppressants (1986) Journal of Nematology, 18, pp. 129-135; Schwarzer, C., Auer, B., Klima, J., Haselwandter, K., Physiological and electron microscopial investigations on syntrophic dicyandiamide degradation by soil bacteria (1998) Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 30, pp. 385-391; Stirling, G.R., (1991) Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes - progress, problems and prospects, , CABI, Wallingford. 282 pp; Stirling, G.R., Wilson, E.J., Stirling, A.M., Pankhurst, C.E., Moody, P.W., Bell, M.J., Halpin, N., Amendments of sugarcane trash induce suppressiveness to plant-parasitic nematodes in a sugarcane soil (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34, pp. 203-211; Watkins, N.L., (2007) The ability of nitrification inhibitors to decrease denitrification rates in dairy farm soils, , M.Sc thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton. 126 pp; Yeates, G.W., Modification and qualification of the nematode Maturity Index (1994) Pedobiologia, 38, pp. 97-101; Yeates, G.W., Bird, A.F., Some observations on the influence of agricultural practices on the nematode faunae of some South Australian soils (1994) Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 17, pp. 133-145; Yeates, G.W., Bongers, T., De Goede, R.G.M., Freckman, D.W., Georgieva, S.S., Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera-An outline for soil ecologists (1993) Journal of Nematology, 25, pp. 315-331 PY - 2008 SP - 243-247 ST - Impact of nitrification inhibitor application on the nematode community in dairy pasture soil T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Impact of nitrification inhibitor application on the nematode community in dairy pasture soil UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749105029&partnerID=40&md5=ee4131216f6c1c545ccbaf5b5d668377 VL - 61 ID - 486 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Methods for producing large numbers of conidia were developed to allow investigation of the pathogenicity of five Botryosphaeria species (B. lutea, B. australis, B. obtusa, B. parva and B. stevensii), previously isolated from symptomatic grapevines. Pycnidium formation of all five species was low on five mycological media tested. Further, any pycnidia produced on the media contained few conidia. An alternative method was developed, whereby grapevine green shoots were infected with Botryosphaeria species, the lesions air dried and then induced to sporulate under moist conditions. Botryosphaeria australis, B, lutea and B. stevensii produced abundant pycnidia oozing conidia within 36 h. The air dried stem pieces could still produce pycnidia that oozed conidia after 3 months of storage at room temperature. Botryosphaeria parva produced few pycnidia that did not release any conidia. Botryosphaeria obtusa lesions were small and restricted to the inoculation point, with only a few pycnidia and conidia being produced. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :19 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Brown-Rytlewski D, McManus P 1999. Canker formation on apple by Botryosphaeria spp. and control with wound treatment. Fruit Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison. htpp://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/fpath/diane- poster.htm (accessed 20/06/2006); Castillo-Pondo, M., Somers, A., Green, C.D., Priest, M., Sriskanthades, M., Fungi associated with dieback of Semillon grapevines in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales (2001) Australasian Plant Pathology, 30, pp. 59-63; Denman, S., Crous, P.W., Taylor, J.E., Rang, J.-C., Pascoe, I., Wingfield, M.J., An overview of the taxonomic history of Botryosphaeria and a re-isolation of its anamorphs based on morphology and ITS rDNA phylogeny (2000) Studies in Mycology, 43, pp. 129-140; Larignon, P., Fulchic, R., Cere, L., Dubos, B., Observations on black dead arm in French vineyards (2001) Phytopathologia Mediterranean, 40, pp. 336-342; Maloney, P.E., Lynch, S.C., Kane, S.F., Rizzo, D.M., Disease progression of Phytophthora ramorum and Botryosphaeria dothidea on Pacific madrone (2004) Plant Disease, 88, pp. 852-857; Phillips, A.J.L., Excoriose, cane blight and related diseases of grapevines: A taxonomic review of the pathogens (2000) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 39, pp. 341-356; Phillips, A.J.L., Botryosphaeria species associated with diseases of grapes in Portugal (2002) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 41, pp. 3-18; Phillips AJL 2004. The Botryosphaeria site. www.crem.fct.unl.pt/ Botryosphaeria_site/index.htm (accessed 20/03/2008); Pusey, P.L., Influence of water stress on susceptibility of nonwounded peach bark to Botryosphaeria dothidea (1989) Plant Disease, 73, pp. 1000-1003; Sutton, T.B., Production and dispersal of ascospores by Physalospora obtusa and Botryosphaeria dothidea in apple orchards (1981) Phytopathology, 71, pp. 584-589; Swart, W.J., Botes, W.-M., First report of stem canker caused by Botryosphaeria obtusa on pistachio (1995) Plant Disease, 79, pp. 1036-1038; Taylor, A., Hardy, G.S.J., Wood, P., Burgess, T., Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria species associated with grapevine decline in Western Australia (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34, pp. 187-195; Van Niekerk, J.M., Crous, P.W., Fourie, P.H., Halleen, F., DNA phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria species on grapes (2004) Mycologia, 96, pp. 781-798; Sanchez-Hernandez, M.E., Guitierrez-Garcia, J., Trapero-Casas, A., Botryosphaeria canker of Cistus ladanifer (2002) Plant Pathology, 51, pp. 365-373 PY - 2008 SP - 301-305 ST - Production of botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Production of botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749088445&partnerID=40&md5=72a3f91628cad7d2371e737631835278 VL - 61 ID - 497 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Leaf fall applications of fungicides to reduce scab in apple orchards were investigated to reduce reliance on summer fungicides that can cause trace chemical residues on harvested fruit. Two applications of fungicides, including captan, tolyfluanid, myclobutanil and urea, were made at 10-20% and 50-60% leaf fall in four orchard trials in Nelson and Hawke's Bay using the cultivars 'Royal Gala', 'Braeburn', 'Fuji' and 'Sciros'/Pacific Rose™ . Trial orchards received standard spring and summer fungicide programmes that complied with Integrated Fruit Production and were monitored for leaf and fruit scab in December and at harvest. Significant reductions in leaf or fruit scab occurred in three out of five comparisons involving different sites, years and cultivars, suggesting that autumn applications can reduce scab in the following season. Captan and tolyfluanid appeared most useful for autumn application. Myclobutanil should not be used because of the fungicide resistance risk. Results with urea were variable. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Taylor, T. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2006) New Zealand Pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production Manual, Part B Disease Management, , Pipfruit New Zealand Inc, Hastings, New Zealand. 40 pp. Anon; Beresford, R.M., Manktelow, D.W.L., Methods for disease assessment in apples, including growth stages, leaf emergence, black spot and powdery mildew (1995) New Zealand Plant Protection, 48, pp. 89-94; Beresford, R.M., Wood, P.N., applied urea and other compounds to suppress Venturia inaequalis ascospore production (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 382-386. , Autumn; Holb, I.J., Heijne, B., Jeger, M.J., Effects of integrated control measures on earthworms, leaf litter and Venturia inaequalis infection in two European apple orchards (2006) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 114, pp. 287-295; MacHardy, W.E., (1996) Apple scab biology, epidemiology and management, , APS Press, American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota, USA. 545 pp; (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention and Management Strategies 2005, , Martin NA, Beresford RM, Hanington, KC ed, New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc, Hastings, New Zealand. 166 pp; Wood, P.N., Beresford, R.M., Avoiding apple bud damage from autumn-applied urea for black spot (Venturia inaequalis) control (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 387-392; Wood, P.N., Beresford, R.M., Taylor, T.J., Suppression of Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) ascospore production using autumn applied fungicides (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 54-58 PY - 2008 SP - 59-64 ST - Application of fungicides during leaf fall to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in the following season T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Application of fungicides during leaf fall to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in the following season UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749084610&partnerID=40&md5=0dd15d7b91de463f8319e1175dae21f8 VL - 61 ID - 482 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis, on growth of six grape rootstock varieties and their infection by Cylindrocarpon species were investigated in a greenhouse experiment that challenged the mycorrhizal plants with a mixed inoculum of Cylindrocarpon spp. Both species of AM had beneficial effects (P<0.05) on rootstock growth but this effect was specific for particular rootstock and AM combinations. Generally, G. mosseae had a more consistent positive effect and A. laevis was the only species to decrease plant growth in some rootstock varieties. Subsequently, two field trials conducted in Auckland and Blenheim used a mixture of the two AM species and two rootstock varieties. After 9 months, compared to control plants mycorrhizal plants had similar incidence of Cylindrocarpon infection at both sites (P>0.05), but greater root dry weights in Auckland (214%; P<0.05) and Blenheim (only 22%; P>0.05). G. mosseae clearly has potential for improving health and growth of young grapevine plants. AU - Bleach, C. M. AU - Cope, R. J. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Augé, R.M., Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (2001) Mycorrhiza, 11, pp. 3-42; Azcón-Aguilar, C., Barea, J.M., Arbuscular mycorrhizas and biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens - an overview of the mechanisms involved (1996) Mycorrhiza, 6, pp. 457-464; Bleach, C.M., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M.V., Survey for back foot disease in New Zealand vineyards (2007) 13th Annual Conference, Romeo Bragato. New Zealand Winegrowers, pp. 143-146. , Ellerslie Event Centre, Auckland, New Zealand. Pp; Brundrett, M., Bougher, N., Dell, B., Grove, T., Malajczuk, N., (1996) Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture, , Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia; Dodd, J.C., Boddington, C.L., Rodriguez, A., Gonzalez-Chavez, C., Mansur 12000. Mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from different genera: Form, function and detection Plant and Soil, 226, pp. 131-151; Gubler, W.D., Petit, E., Influence of Glomus intraradices on black foot disease caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum on Vitis rupestris under controlled conditions (2006) Plant Disease, 90, pp. 1481-1484; Halleen, F., Crous, P.W., Petrini, O., Fungi associated with healthy grapevine cuttings in nurseries, with special reference to pathogens involved in the decline of young vines (2003) Australasian Plant Pathology, 32, pp. 47-52; Halleen, F., Schroers, H.-J., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Novel species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon gen. nov. associated with black foot disease of grapevines (Vitis spp.) (2004) Studies in Mycology, 50, pp. 431-455; Jaspers, M.V., Bleach, C.M., Harvey, I.C., Susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocarpon disease (2007) Phytopathologia Mediterranean, 46, pp. 102-128; MacDonald, J.D., Butler, E.E., Cylindrocarpon root rot of tulip poplar (1981) Plant Diseases, 65, pp. 154-157; Muchovej, R.M., Mycorrhizae are necessary elements for healthy vegetable crops (2004) American Vegetable Grower, , 1 December; Salinger J. 2006. NIWA National Climate Centre. New Zealand national climate summary - the year 2006. http://www.niwa.cri.nz/_data/assets/pdf_file/ 0016/30742/aclimsum_6.pdf (accessed on 03/06/2008); Salinger J. 2007. NlWA National Climate Centre. New Zealand national climate summary - the year 2007. http://www.niwa.cri.nz/_data/assets/pdf_file/ 0006/63879/aclimsum_07.pdf (accessed on 03/06/2008); Schreiner, R.P., Mycorrhizal colonization of grapevine rootstocks under field conditions (2003) American Journal of Viticulture, 53, pp. 143-149 PY - 2008 SP - 311-321 ST - Impact of mycorrhizal colonisation on grapevine establishment in Cylindrocarpon infested soil T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Impact of mycorrhizal colonisation on grapevine establishment in Cylindrocarpon infested soil UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749085962&partnerID=40&md5=fdb339b47ffe54b24e5a72684b773ed2 VL - 61 ID - 483 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Four field trials were conducted on commercial dairy farms in Waikato and Manawatu to develop guidelines for re-establishing white clover into vigorous grass pastures. Treatments were designed to (1) determine the minimum 'clover fallow' period needed to minimise clover pest populations and (2) identify options for re-introducing white clover. Tribenuron proved damaging to grass and results for thifensulfuron were variable. Dicamba was effective in removing clover and the length of 'clover fallow' required to remove clover root weevil larvae appeared to be 6-8 months. Glyphosate applied at sowing reduced pasture cover significantly for up to 10 weeks, but seedling establishment was improved by 50-100%. The re-introduction of clover was better in autumn than spring, but no treatment resulted in increased long term clover content of the pasture. This was due to both poor emergence and survival of clover seedlings facing severe competition from resident well established grass plants. AU - Brock, J. L. AU - Eerens, J. P. J. AU - Rahman, A. AU - Wilson, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, N.L., Watson, R.N., Optimising the Whitehead and Hemming tray method to extract plant parasitic and other nematodes from two soils under pasture (2001) Nematology, 3, pp. 179-185; Bell, N.L., Addison, P.J., Kettlewell, F.J., Eden, T.M., The effect of autumn plant host removal on abundance of the clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) and white clover seedling establishment (2004) Proceedings of the 8 th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 172-176. , Pp; Brock, J.L., Tilbrook, J.C., Effect of cultivar of white clover on plant morphology during the establishment of mixed pastures under grazing (2000) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, pp. 335-343; Brock, J.L., Kane, G.J., Variability in establishing white clover in pastures on farms (2003) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 65, pp. 223-228; Brock, J.L., Rahman, A., Eerens, J.P.J., Wilson, D., Re-introducing white clover into strong grass pastures: Can it be done? (2008) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 70. , In Press; Edwards, G.R., Hay, M.J.M., Brock, J.L., Seedling recruitment dynamics of forage and weed species under continuous and rotational sheep grazing in a temperate New Zealand pasture (2005) Grass and Forage Science, 60, pp. 186-199; Gerard, P.J., Hackell, D.L., Leaf herbivory by clover root weevil adults - how much do they eat? (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 126-130; Gerard, P.J., Hackell, D.L., Bell, N.L., Impact of clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae on herbage yield and species composition in a ryegrass-white clover sward (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 381-392; Hardwick, S., Addison, P.J., Eerens, J.P.J., Gerard, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., Factors influencing the rate of spread and impact of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 147-154. , Pp; Rahman, A., Manson, B.E., Sanders, P., Persistence of 3,6 - dichloropicolinic acid and dicamba residues in soil (1981) Proceedings of the 34 th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 126-129. , Pp; White, T.A., Gerard, P.J., Modelling the farm scale impacts of clover root weevil herbivory (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 312-316; Yeates, G.W., Effect of fertiliser treatment and stocking rate on pasture nematode populations in yellow-grey earth (1976) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 19, pp. 405-408 PY - 2008 SP - 248-255 ST - Establishing white clover (Trifolium repens) in high pest density regions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Establishing white clover (Trifolium repens) in high pest density regions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749106549&partnerID=40&md5=a0fdf19f61005dfe25d59089571cb2ae VL - 61 ID - 496 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Porina (Wiseana spp. larvae) are endemic pests of pasture. If detected early, young larvae can be controlled with diflubenzuron, but generally damage is not predicted and organophosphate insecticides (e.g. diazinon, chlorpyrifos, chlorfon) are required. Yersinia n. sp. (MH96) cf. entomophaga (EN65 strain) - a novel bacterium with insecticidal properties - is pathogenic to late instar Wiseana spp. larvae in laboratory assays and has potential as a biopesticide. This trial measured the effect of two formulations of EN65 and a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) against late instar porina. EN65 was formulated in a sprayable biopolymer and on to a kibbled wheat bait. Both EN65 formulations caused significant mortality of porina larvae and reduced feeding damage on white clover; efficacy was superior to Btk. Survival of the bacterium in the sprayable biopolymer formulation was enhanced compared to a non-formulated broth culture. Bacterial survival on the kibbled wheat bait was better when stored at 4°C compared to 20°C over 3 months. AU - Brownbridge, M. AU - Ferguson, C. AU - Saville, D. J. AU - Swaminathan, J. AU - Hurst, M. R. H. AU - Jackson, T. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barratt, B.I.P., van Toor, R.F., Ferguson, C.M., Stewart, K.M., (1990) Grass grub and porina in Otago and Southland. A guide to management and control, , MAF, 104 pp; Brownbridge, M., Townsend, R.J., O'Callaghan, M., Bell, N.L., Mander, C., Jackson, T.A., Developing opportunities for entomopathogenic microbes and nematodes in crop protection (2008) Future Challenges in Crop Protection: Repositioning New Zealand's Primary Industries for the Future, pp. 129-142. , Butcher MR, Walker JTS, Zydenbos SM ed, New Zealand Plant Protection Society Incorporated, Hastings, New Zealand. Pp; Clark, D.A., Caradus, J.R., Monaghan, R.M., Sharp, P., Thorrald, B.S., Issues and options for future dairy farming in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 203-221; Dugdale JS 1994. Fauna of New Zealand No. 30, Hepialidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Manaaki Whenua Press. 164 pp; Ferguson, C.M., Susceptibility of Wiseana species to diflubenzuron and implications for field applications (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 430-435; Ferguson, C.M., Kerse, G.W., Evans, A.A., Evaluation of diflubenzuron for porina control in south Otago (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 249-252. , Pp; ffrench-Constant, R.H., Dowling, A., Waterfield, N.R., Insecticidal toxins from Photorhabdus bacteria and their potential use in agriculture (2007) Toxicon, 49, pp. 436-451; Herigstad, B., Hamilton, M., Heersink, J., How to optimize the drop plate method for enumerating bacteria (2001) Journal of Microbiological Methods, 44, pp. 121-129; Hurst, M.R.H., Young, S., Nelson, T., Jackson, T.A., Becker, A., Glare, T.R., Species identification and host range testing of a new entomopathogenic member of the Enterobacteriaceae (2007) Fortieth Annual Meeting of Society of Invertebrate Pathology, p. 105. , Quebec City, Canada, 12-16 August, p; Johnson, V.W., Pearson, J.F., Jackson, T.A., Formulation of Serratia entomophila for biological control of grass grub (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 125-127; Nelson, T.L., Low, A., Glare, T.R., (1996) Large scale production of New Zealand strains of Beauveria and Metarhizium. Proceedings of the 49 th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 257-261. , Pp; Jensen, J.G., Popay, A.J., Perennial ryegrass infected with AR37 endophyte reduces survival of porina larvae (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 323-328; King, P.D., Meekings, J.S., Phillip, K.C., Porina control in Waikato dairy pastures (1985) Proceedings of the 38th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 15-18. , Pp; Moar, W.J., Breathing new life into insect-resistant plants (2003) Nature Biotechnology, 21, pp. 1152-1154; Saville, D.J., Multiple comparison procedures: The practical solution (1990) American Statistician, 44, pp. 174-180; van der Mespel GJ, Kain WM, Wouts WM 1986. Evaluation of an entomophagous nematode (Steinernema bibionis) for the control of porina larvae (Wiseana spp.) in the Otaki district. Proceedings of the 38th New Zealand Weed and Pest Conference. Pp. 114-116UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749099195&partnerID=40&md5=69b44aa539659ec6b55fe19e934f83b6 PY - 2008 SP - 229-235 ST - Potential for biological control of porina (Wiseana spp.) with a novel insecticidal bacterium, Yersinia n. sp. (MH96) EN65 strain T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Potential for biological control of porina (Wiseana spp.) with a novel insecticidal bacterium, Yersinia n. sp. (MH96) EN65 strain VL - 61 ID - 484 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A field trial was conducted to test the efficacy of two fungicides (metalaxyl and phosphorous acid) and supplementary organic matter for the control of Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot in Erica sessiliflora and E. davisii. Five treatments were applied: (1) untreated control, (2) metalaxyl, (3) phosphorous acid, (4) metalaxyl plus phosphorous acid and (5) organic soil amendment. Plants were assessed for plant health as an indication of possible P. cinnamomi infection. Phosphorous acid, applied alone or in combination with metalaxyl, resulted in a significant reduction in the number of diseased or dead E. sessiliflora plants compared with the untreated control plants (P=0.011 and P=0.004 respectively). The mean health index of phosphorous acid treated E. davisii plants was not different (P>0.05) to control plants. Results suggest that this species of Erica has some tolerance to P. cinnamomi. Metalaxyl applications alone or organic matter treatments did not reduce disease relative to controls in either species. AU - Casonato, S. G. AU - Manning, M. A. AU - Rheinlander, P. A. AU - Fullerton, R. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barrett, S.R., Shearer, B.L., Hardy, G.E.S., Root and short development in Corymbia calophylla and Banksia brownie after the application of the fungicide phosphate (2002) Australian Journal of Botany, 50, pp. 155-161; Crous, P.W., Denman, S., Taylor, J.E., Swart, L., Palm, M.E., (2004) Cultivation and diseases of Proteaceae: Leuodendron, Leucospermum and Protea, , Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 228 pp; (2006) HortResearch-The Horticulture & Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, , FreshFacts, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 34 pp; Guest, D., Grant, B., The complex action of phsphonates as antifungal agents (1991) Biological Review, 66, pp. 159-187; Hardham, A.R., Phytophthora cinnamomi (2005) Molecular Plant Pathology, 6, pp. 589-604; Menge, J.A., Ohr, H.D., Johnson, E.L.V., Campbell, S., Guilemet, F., Grech, N., Pond, E., The effect of mulches, gypsum and fungicides on the performance of avocado plants in soil with Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora citricola (1994) Phytopathology, 84, p. 1103. , Abstract only; Messenger, B.J., Menger, J.A., Pond, E., Effects of gypsum soil amendments on avocado growth, soil drainage, and resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi (2000) Plant Disease, 84, pp. 612-616; Payne RW, Murray DA, Harding SA, Baird DB, Soutar DM 2007. GenStat for Windows (10th Edition) Introduction. VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, UK; Podger, F.D., Newhook, F.J., Phytophthora cinnamomi in indigenous plant communities in New Zealand (1971) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 9, pp. 625-638; Robin, C., Capron, G., Desprez-Loustau, M.L., Root infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi in seedlings of three oak species (2001) Plant Pathology, 50, pp. 708-716; SAS Institute Inc. 2004. SAS 9.1.3 Help and Documentation. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NCUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749106878&partnerID=40&md5=eb272b41511770c3e0ab73ae1d410cc4 PY - 2008 SP - 86-90 ST - Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Erica sessiliflora and Erica davisii T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Erica sessiliflora and Erica davisii VL - 61 ID - 460 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several experiments evaluating the susceptibility of aquatic and wetland weeds to triclopyr TEA were carried out using potted plants. Seedlings of grey willow (Salix cinerea), alder (Alnus glutinosa) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), and cuttings of crack willow (S.fragilis), primrose willow (Ludwigia peploides), water celery (Apium nodiflorum), water cress (Nasturtium officinale) and monkey musk (Mimulus guttatus) were collected in the field and grown in cultivation. At least 2 months after potting up, triclopyr TEA was applied to run off at rates between 0.25% and 5% v/v. This resulted in excellent control of all weeds at all rates, except for purple loosestrife, which was not controlled well at the lowest rate. AU - Champion, P. D. AU - James, T. K. AU - Carney, E. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2004) Environmental impact statement (EIS) for permitted use of triclopyr. Washington State, , Dept of Ecology Publication, Water Quality Program Publication No. 04-10-018. 115 pp. Anon; Champion, P.D., Evaluation of willow control at Kopuatai, Hauraki Plains (2006) NIWA Client Report, , Waikato: January 2005, HAM2006-022, NIWA, Hamilton, New Zealand. 8 pp; Champion, P.D., James, T.K., Carney, E., Safety of triclopyr triethylamine to native wetland species (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 378-383; AgroSciences, D., Garlon® 3A Herbicide. Specimen Label (1999) USE EPA Reg No. 62719-37; AgroSciences, D., (2007) Garlon 360 Herbicide Label, , Dow AgroSciences NZ Ltd, New Plymouth, New Zealand; Gabor, T.S., Haagsma, H.R., Murkin, H.R., Armson, E., Effects of triclopyr amine on purple loosestrife and non-target plants in south-eastern Ontario, Canada (1995) Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 33, pp. 48-50; Hofstra, D.E., Champion, P.D., Dugdale, A.M., Herbicide trials for the control of parrot's feather (2006) Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 44, pp. 13-18; Renovate® 3 Herbicide. Specimen Label (2002) USE EPA Reg No. 62719-37-67690, , SePRO; Sprecher, S.L., Stewart, A.B., Triclopyr effects on peroxidase activity in target and non-target aquatic plants (1995) Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 33, pp. 43-47 PY - 2008 SP - 374-377 ST - Evaluation of triclopyr triethylamine for the control of wetland weeds T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of triclopyr triethylamine for the control of wetland weeds UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749106328&partnerID=40&md5=1699652de47bf33c42c20cc1eeeb54a2 VL - 61 ID - 440 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Current management options for wetland weed control are limited. The triethylamine (TEA) salt formulation of the herbicide triclopyr effectively controls several broadleaf aquatic and wetland weed species and is relatively selective to many wetland species. To evaluate the tolerance of vegetation associated with weed species, a range of indigenous wetland species, including the widespread Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, Apodasmia similis, Carex virgata, Eleocharis acuta, Isochne globosa, Juncus pallidus, Triglochin striata, Phormium tenax and Mazus radicans, and the nationally endangered Carex cirrhosa, Amphibromus fluitans, Crassula helmsii and Selliera rotundifolia, were sourced from wild-collected or cultivated material and then grown on. Triclopyr TEA was applied to wetting at rates between 0.25% and 5%. Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, I. globosa and A. fluitans appeared to have recovered fully from early damage from the 0.5% rate by the conclusion of the trial. Apodasmia similis, C. virgata, C. cirrhosa, E. acuta and J. pallidus were damaged but not completely killed at this rate, whereas the remaining five species were killed at all herbicide rates applied. AU - Champion, P. D. AU - James, T. K. AU - Carney, E. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2004) Environmental impact statement (EIS) for permitted use of triclopyr. Washington State, , Dept of Ecology Publication, Water Quality Program Publication No. 04-10-018. 115 pp. Anon; Champion, P.D., James, T.K., Carney, E., Evaluation of triclopyr triethylamine for the control of wetland weeds (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 374-377; de Lange, P.J., Norton, D.A., Heenan, P.B., Courtney, S.P., Molloy, B.J.P., Ogle, C.C., Ranee, B.D., Hitchmough, R., Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand (2004) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 42, pp. 45-76; Gabor, T.S., Haagsma, H.R., Murkin, H.R., Armson, E., Effects of triclopyr amine on purple loosestrife and non-target plants in south-eastern Ontario, Canada (1995) Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 33, pp. 48-50; Hofstra, D.E., Champion, P.D., Dugdale, A.M., Herbicide trials for the control of parrot's feather (2006) Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 44, pp. 13-18; Standish, R.J., Experimenting with methods to control Tradescantia fluminensis, an invasive weed of native forest remnants in New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 26, pp. 161-170; Timmins, S.M., Reid, W., Climbing asparagus, Asparagus scandens Thunb.: A South African in your forest patch (2000) Australian Ecology, 25, pp. 533-538 PY - 2008 SP - 378-383 ST - Safety of triclopyr triethylamine to native wetland species T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Safety of triclopyr triethylamine to native wetland species UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749107265&partnerID=40&md5=2ec77adf53f2873c35bdea18f28d7149 VL - 61 ID - 457 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A long-term trial (5 years) is being conducted at a commercial property on land that has a history of high incidence and severity of soil-borne diseases. Five rotational crops (potato, pasture, brassica, cereal and squash) are being tested for their effects on pathogen inoculum. Soil applications of metalaxyl fungicide are used as a standard treatment for comparison. Soil samples are taken before and after each crop rotation cycle and plated on agar media for microbial enumeration, to study the changes in fungal pathogen populations. After three growing seasons, rotational treatment of potato and cereal + BQ Mulch (Brassica crop) reduced the level of Phytophthora and other (unidentified) fungi compared with the same rotation without BQ Mulch. Metalaxyl has had no effect on the soil levels of Phytophthora and Pythium spp. AU - Cheah, L. H. AU - Marsh, A. T. AU - Hedderley, D. AU - Falloon, R. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cheah, L.-H., Kent, G., Gowers, S., Brassica crops and Streptomyces sp. as potential biocontrol for clubroot of brassicas (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 80-83; Cheah, L.-H., Marsh, A.T., Influence of crop rotation on soil-borne diseases of potato crops in Manawatu (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, p. 315. , abstract only; Cheah, L.-H., Marsh, A.T., Changes in populations of soilborne pathogens after rotational crops following potatoes (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, p. 370. , abstract only; Chan, M.K.Y., Close, R.C., Aphanomyces root rot of pea. 3. Control by the use of cruciferous amendments (1987) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 30, pp. 224-233; Davison, E.M., Mckay, A.G., Reduced persistence of metalaxyl in soil associated with its failure to control cavity spot of carrots (1999) Plant Pathology, 48, pp. 830-835; Hartill, W.F.T., Tompkin, G.R., Kleinsman, P.L., Development in New Zealand of resistance to dicarboximide fungicides in Botrytis cinerea, to acylalinines in Phytophthora infestans, and to guazatine in Penicillium italicum (1983) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 26, pp. 261-269; Larkin, R.P., Albert, M., Griffin, T.S., Control of soilborne pathogens of potato with Brassica crop rotations (2003) Phytopathology, 93, p. 248; Larkin, R.P., Griffin, T.S., Control of soilborne potato diseases using Brassica green manures (2007) Crop Protection, 26, pp. 1067-1077; Larkin, R.P., Honeycutt, C.W., Effects of different 3-year cropping systems on soil microbial communities and soilborne diseases of potato (2006) Phytopathology, 96, pp. 68-79; Vawdrey, L.L., Martin, T.M., De Faveri, J., The potential of organic and inorganic soil amendments, and a biological control agent (Trichoderma sp.) for the management of Phytophthora root rot of papaw in far northern Queensland (2002) Australasian Plant Pathology, 31 (4), pp. 391-399 PY - 2008 SP - 256-260 ST - Crop rotation with brassicas reduces Phytophthora populations in potato soil T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Crop rotation with brassicas reduces Phytophthora populations in potato soil UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749108442&partnerID=40&md5=0748b1f7ca2a4d73de67fad419010c6f VL - 61 ID - 492 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Following the discovery of painted apple moth (PAM), Teia anartoides, in Auckland in 1999, a long-term management programme was proposed, in case eradication failed. Research was initiated to evaluate the potential impact of natural enemies that were already present in New Zealand. Laboratory bioassays determined the developmental biology of the larval parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis on PAM at five constant temperatures (13, 18, 21, 25 or 30°C). Total development time (egg to adult) ranged from 64.5 days at 13°C to 16.0 days at 25°C. Meteorus pulchricornis adults provided with agar-honey parasitoid diet survived an average of 6.9 days and laid an average of 21.3 eggs at 21°C. Meteorus pulchricornis parasitised a significantly higher number of second and third instar PAM larvae compared to other larval instars. The potential of M. pulchricornis as a primary regulator of PAM populations in New Zealand is discussed. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Stephens, A. E. A. AU - Charles, J. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Berry BA, Walker GP 2004. Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae): an exotic polyphagous parasitoid in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 31: 33-44; Charles, J.G., Kean, J., Chhagan, A., Developmental parameters and voltinism of the painted apple moth, Teia anartoides Walker (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in New Zealand (2006) New Zealand Entomologist, 29 (1), pp. 27-36; Common, I.F.B., (1990) Moths of Australia, , Melbourne University Press; Fuester, R.W., Taylor, P.B., Peng, H., Swan, K., Laboratory biology of a uniparental strain of Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an exotic larval parasite of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (1993) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 86 (3), pp. 298-304; Fusco RA 1981. Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) In: Doane CC, McManus ML ed, The gypsy moth: research towards integrated pest management. USDA Forest Service Technical Bulletin #1584.757 pp; Grant, J.F., Shephard, M., Laboratory biology of Meteorus autographae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an indigenous parasitoid of soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae (1984) Environmental Entomology, 13 (3), pp. 838-842; Katiyar, R.L., Manjunath, D., Kumar, V., Datta, R.K., Occurrence, biology and field efficacy of Meteorus dichomeridis (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) - a larval endoparasitoid of the Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (2001) Russian Entomological Journal, 10 (1), pp. 67-74; Miller, J.C., Temperature dependant development of Meteorus communis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the variegated cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89 (4), pp. 877-880; Odell TM, Bell RA, Mastro VC, Tanner JA, Kennedy LF 1984. Production of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, for research and biological control. In: King EG, Leppla NC ed. Advances and challenges in insect rearing. Agricultural Research Service, Southern Region, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Ramankutty, P., Temperature dependent emergence and survival of Platygaster demades (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), parasitoid of apple curling midge (2007) Biological Control, 42, pp. 41-47; Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J., (1981) Biometry: The principles and practice of statistics in biological research, , WH Freeman, San Francisco, USA. 859 pp PY - 2008 SP - 12-16 ST - Developmental biology of Meteorus pulchricornis parasitising painted apple moth T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Developmental biology of Meteorus pulchricornis parasitising painted apple moth UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749105031&partnerID=40&md5=d074d0ada9fafc28f39bfc34f2029446 VL - 61 ID - 451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effects of soil and residue management factors (tillage, post-harvest crop residue management and winter cover crops) and crop rotation (wheat following two barley crops, wheat following ryegrass) on take-all were compared in a 3-year field trial in Canterbury. Incidence of take-all was very high in plots that had previously grown barley, and very low in plots that followed ryegrass. Take-all incidence was also much greater in plots that were disced than in plots that were direct-drilled. Differences in soil pH and in plant emergence were also recorded between disced and direct-drilled plots, but there was no evidence that they caused the increased levels of take-all. There was a tendency towards reduced yields in the disced plots that had severe levels of take-all. AU - Cromey, M. G. AU - Francis, G. S. AU - Trimmer, L. A. AU - Tabley, F. J. AU - Gillespie, R. N. AU - Fraser, P. M. AU - Pearson, A. J. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Curtin, D. AU - Bithell, S. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, K.L., Gossen, B.D., Lafond, G.P., Watson, P.R., Derksen, D.A., Effect of tillage and crop rotation on root and foliar diseases of wheat and pea in Saskatchewan from 1991 to 1998: Univariate and multivariate analyses (2001) Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 81 (4), pp. 789-803; Bailey, K.L., Mortensen, K., Lafond, G.P., Effects of tillage systems and crop rotations on root and foliar diseases of wheat, flax, and peas in Saskatchewan (1992) Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 72 (2), pp. 583-591; Bithell, S.L., Cromey, M.G., Hide, C., Poole, N., McKay, A., Comparing tillage and residue management effects on take-all in wheat in New Zealand (2006) The 4th Australasian Soilborne Diseases Symposium, pp. 33-34. , Falloon RE, Cromey MG, Stewart A, Jones EE ed, Pp; Bockus, W.W., Shroyer, J.P., The impact of reduced tillage on soilborne plant pathogens (1998) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 36, pp. 485-500; Brassett, P.R., Gilligan, C.A., Effects of self-sown wheat on levels of the take-all disease on seedlings of winter wheat grown in a model system (1990) Journal of Phytopathology, 129 (1), pp. 46-57; Chambers, S.C., Some factors affecting the relative importance of hosts in the survival of Ophiobolus graminis (1971) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 22, pp. 111-121; Christensen, N.W., Brett, M., Chloride and liming effects on soil nitrogen form and take-all of wheat (1985) Agronomy Journal, 77 (1), pp. 157-163; Colbach, N., Lucas, P., Meynard, J.M., Influence of crop management on take-all development and disease cycles on winter wheat (1997) Phytopathology, 87 (1), pp. 26-32; Cotterill, P.J., Sivasithamparam, K., The effect of tillage practices on distribution, size, infectivity and propagule number of the take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) (1988) Soil & Tillage Research, 11 (2), pp. 183-195; Cotterill, P.J., Sivasithamparam, K., Importance of the proportion of grassy weeds within legume crops in the perpetuation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (1988) Plant Pathology, 37, pp. 337-343; Cromey, M.G., Parkes, R.A., Fraser, P.M., Factors associated with stem base and root diseases of New Zealand wheat and barley crops (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 1-10; Ennaifar, S., Lucas, P., Meynard, J.M., Makowski, D., Effects of summer fallow management on take-all of winter wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (2005) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 112 (2), pp. 167-181; Garrett, S.D., Effect of soil texture on microbial abbreviation of saprophytic survival by the take-all fungus of wheat (1985) Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Plant Sciences 94(2/3), pp. 85-90; Gutteridge, R.J., Bateman, G.L., Todd, A.D., Variation in the effects of take-all disease on grain yield and quality of winter cereals in field experiments (2003) Pest Management Science, 59 (2), pp. 215-224; Hardwick, N.V., Jones, D.R., Slough, J.E., Factors affecting diseases of winter wheat in England and Wales, 1989-98 (2001) Plant Pathology, 50 (4), pp. 453-462; Huber DM 1981. The role of nutrients and chemicals. In: Asher MJC, Shipton PJ ed. Biology and control of take-all. Academic Press Inc., London, UK. Pp. 317-341; Huber, D.M., McCay-Buis, T.S., A multiple component analysis of the take-all disease of cereals (1993) Plant Disease, 77 (5), pp. 437-447; Huber, D.M., Wilhelm, N.S., The role of manganese in resistance to plant diseases (1988) Manganese in Soils and Plants, pp. 155-173. , Graham RD, Hannam RJ, Uren NC ed, Kluwar Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Pp; Moore, K.J., Cook, R.J., Increased take-all of wheat with direct drilling in the Pacific Northwest (1984) Phytopathology, 74 (9), pp. 1044-1049; Murray, G.M., Heenan, D.P., Taylor, A.C., The effect of rainfall and crop management on take-all and eyespot of wheat in the field (1991) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 31 (5), pp. 645-651; Polley, R.W., Thomas, M.R., Surveys of diseases of winter wheat in England and Wales, 1976-1988 (1991) Annals of Applied Biology, 119 (1), pp. 1-20; Quemada, M., Predicting crop residue decomposition using moisture adjusted time scales (2004) Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 70 (3), pp. 283-291; Reis, E.M., Cook, R.J., McNeal, B.L., Elevated pH and associated reduced trace-nutrient availability as factors contributing to take-all of wheat upon soil liming (1983) Phytopathology, 73 (3), pp. 411-413; Roget, D.K., Review of tillage and cereal root disease research in South Australia (1988) Plant Protection Quarterly, 3 (1), pp. 8-9; Roget, D.K., Neate, S.M., Rovira, A.D., Effect of sowing point design and tillage practice on the incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot, take-all and cereal cyst nematode in wheat and barley (1996) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 36 (6), pp. 683-693; Schroeder, K.L., Paulitz, T.C., Root diseases of wheat and barley during the transition from conventional tillage to direct seeding (2006) Plant Disease, 90 (9), pp. 1247-1253; Shipton PJ 1981. Saprophytic survival between susceptible crops. In: Asher MJC, Shipton PJ ed. Biology and control of take-all. London, Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd. Pp. 295-316; Sutton, J.C., Vyn, T.J., Crop sequences and tillage practices in relation to diseases of winter wheat in Ontario (1990) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 12 (4), pp. 358-368; Yarham DJ 1981. Practical aspects of epidemiology and control. In: Asher MJC, Shipton PJ ed. Biology and control of take-all. Academic Press Inc., London, UK. Pp. 353-384UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749105168&partnerID=40&md5=7bbd1f529d45ee18b08c6f7fb2d65c30 PY - 2008 SP - 261-269 ST - Influences of crop rotation, tillage, residue management and winter cover crop on take-all in spring wheat T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influences of crop rotation, tillage, residue management and winter cover crop on take-all in spring wheat VL - 61 ID - 471 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides was released in New Zealand in 2006 to help suppress populations of the clover pest, clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus). A study was undertaken to determine if this parasitoid will be passively dispersed through flight activity by parasitized hosts. In the laboratory, Irish M. aethiopoides parasitized equally hosts with or without flight muscles and subsequent presence of parasitoid eggs or first instar larvae had no effect on the propensity for S. lepidus to prepare to take flight during laboratory observations. In the field, significantly fewer clover root weevil with flight muscles were found to be parasitized compared to those without flight muscles, and those that were parasitized contained predominantly eggs and first instar larvae. The results were compared with other Microctonus biocontrol agents released in New Zealand and it was concluded that passive dispersal should play a major role in dispersing Irish M. aethiopoides in New Zealand, especially in warm, dry summers. AU - Eden, T. M. AU - Donald, M. AU - Gerard, P. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aeschlimann, J.-P., Sources of importation, establishment and spread in Australia, of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1983) Australian Journal of Entomology, 22, pp. 325-331; Barratt, B.I.P., Johnstone, P.D., Factors affecting parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and parasitoid development in natural and novel host species (2001) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 91, pp. 245-253; Gerard, P.J., Eden, T.E., Hardwick, S., Mercer, C.F., Slay, M.W.A., Wilson, D.J., Initial establishment of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 203-208; Gerard, P.J., Arnold, E.D., Influence of climate regime on clover root weevil adult survival and physiology (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 241-245; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., McNeill, M.R., Seasonal biology and ecology in New Zealand of Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenopters: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Sitona SPP. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with special emphasis on atypical behaviour (1990) Journal of Applied Ecology, 27, pp. 703-722; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., McNeill, M.R., Baird, D.B., Linear patterns and build up of the introduced parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenopters: Braconidae) in Canterbury, New Zealand (1999) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89, pp. 347-353; Goldson, S.R., Proffitt, J.R., Baird, D.B., Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) flight in Canterbury. New Zealand (1999) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89, pp. 423-431; McNeill, M.R., Kean, J.M., Goldson, S.L., Parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides on a novel host, Listronotus bonariensis, in Canterbury pastures (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 280-286 PY - 2008 SP - 31-34 ST - The effect of parasitism on clover root weevil flight capability T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of parasitism on clover root weevil flight capability UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749097318&partnerID=40&md5=75ff958bf959a075f81824132188e004 VL - 61 ID - 494 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Six fungicides (boscalid, boscalid/pyraclostrobin, two formulations of copper hydroxide (Kocide® Opti and Champ™ DP), dithianon and fluazinam) and one biological product (Biostart™ Target) were applied to avocado fruit in an orchard in Whangarei. Products were applied as sprays on 13 February, 23 March, 20 April, 18 June, 19 July, 21 August, 27 September and 23 October 2007. There were five replicate trees for each treatment in a completely random block design. At harvest, on 2 November, 20 fruit per tree were placed in a box, transported to Mt Albert Research Centre within 24 h, and stored at 5.5°C for 28 days. Fruit were then placed at 20°C and assessed for rots when ripe. There were too few stem-end rots for the differences between treatments to be statistically significant, but four of the fungicides significantly reduced numbers of body rots compared with the unsprayed control. These were fluazinam, boscalid/pyraclostrobin, Kocide Opti and Champ DP. AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Timudo-Torrevilla, O. E. AU - Hill, G. N. AU - Dawson, T. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2003) Avocado Assessment Manual, , Avocado Industry Council Ltd. Anon; Everett, K.R., Boyd, L.M., Pak, H.A., Cutting, J.G.M., Calcium, fungicide sprays and canopy density influence postharvest rots of avocado (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36 (1), pp. 22-31; Everett, K.R., Owen, S.G., Cutting, J.G.M., Testing efficacy of fungicides against postharvest pathogens of avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 89-95; Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., In vitro fungicide testing for control of avocado fruit rots (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 99-103; Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Reducing copper use in avocado orchards: Results of laboratory and postharvest testing of alternate fungicides and biological products (2006) Annual Research Report, , New Zealand Avocado Grower's Association 6: 81-90; Hartill, W.F.T., Everett, K.R., Inoculum sources and infection pathways of pathogens causing stem-end rots of 'Mass' avocado (Persea americana) (2002) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30 (4), pp. 249-260; Hassan, S.A., Bigler, F., Bogenschutz, H., Boller, E., Brun, J., Calis, J.N.M., Chiverton, P., Lewis, G.B., Results of the fifth joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS-working group 'Pesticides and beneficial organisms' (1991) Entomophaga, 36 (1), pp. 55-67; Hauke, K., Creemers, P., Brugmans, W., Laer, S., Signum, a new fungicide with interesting properties in resistance management of fungal diseases in strawberries (2004) Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 69 (4), pp. 743-755; Holland, P., Solomona, S., Copper status of orchards (1999) The Orchardist, 72 (4), pp. 44-45; Komyoji, T., Sugimoto, K., Mitani, S., Matsuo, N., Suzuki, K., Biological properties of a new fungicide, fluazinam (1995) Journal of Pesticide Science, 20 (2), pp. 129-135; Krishnamoorthy, A., Rama, N., Mani, M., Toxicity of pesticides to coccinellid predator Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (2004) Insect Environment, 10 (4), pp. 183-185; Laurin, M.C., Bostanian, N.J., Short-term contact toxicity of seven fungicides on Anystis baccarum (2007) Phytoparasitica, 35 (4), pp. 380-385; Lo, P., Blank, R., Fungicides and insecticides disrupt predation by ladybirds on citrus (1992) Orchardist of New Zealand, 65 (11), pp. 14-15; Lo, P.L., Blank, R.H., Effect of pesticides on predation of soft wax scale by the steel-blue ladybird (1992) Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 99-102. , Pp; Merrington, G., Rogers, S.L., Zwieten, L., The potential impact of long-term copper fungicide usage on soil microbial biomass and microbial activity in an avocado orchard (2002) Australian Journal of Soil Research, 40 (5), pp. 749-759; Miles, A.K., Willingham, S.L., Cooke, A.W., Field evaluation of strobilurins and a plant activator for the control of citrus black spot (2004) Australasian Plant Pathology, 33 (3), pp. 371-378; Stirling, A.M., Pegg, K.G., Hayward, A.C., Stirling, G.R., Effect of copper fungicide on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and other microorganisms on avocado leaves and fruit (1999) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50 (8), pp. 1459-1468; Zwieten, L., Rust, J., Kingston, T., Merrington, G., Morris, S., Influence of copper fungicide residues on occurrence of earthworms in avocado orchard soils (2004) Science of the Total Environment, 329 (1-3), pp. 29-41 PY - 2008 SP - 65-69 ST - Field testing alternatives to copper for controlling avocado fruit rots T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Field testing alternatives to copper for controlling avocado fruit rots UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749107645&partnerID=40&md5=8029e0c1cb1a77d6663ed6ababbe1973 VL - 61 ID - 473 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The use of air inclusion nozzles on airblast sprayers markedly reduced off-target spray drift in applications to dormant kiwifruit vines. The addition of a new drift-reducing adjuvant at rates of ≥50 ml/100 litres maintained cane deposits at levels similar to those of conventional cone nozzle applications. The addition of the adjuvant at rates above 100 ml/100 litres improved drift control in higher winds (ca 2 m/s). Prescriptions for AI nozzles and adjuvant use have been included in Best Practice Spraying Guidelines for New Zealand kiwifruit growers. Industry uptake was ca 40% by kiwifruit spraying contractors in the 2007 season and is expected to increase to >80% by 2009. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Manktelow, D. W. AU - May, B. AU - Max, S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Downer RA, Wolf TM, Chapple AC, Hall FR, Hazen JL 1995. Characterising the impact of drift management adjuvants on the dose transfer process. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals. Gaskin RE ed. FRI Bulletin No. 193. Pp. 138-143; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W., Steele, K.D., Adjuvant and application technologies to minimise off-target drift from kiwifruit sprays (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 217-222; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W.L., May, W., Adjuvant and air inclusion nozzles reduce hydrogen cyanamide spray drift in kiwifruit orchards (2007) Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, , Columbus, Ohio, USA, 6-9 August, Poster abstract 07. ISBN 978-0-473-12388-8; Manktelow DWL, May W 2007. Kiwifruit Spraying: Application of Bud Breaking Sprays. Notes from the Zespri/KGI/SFF 2007 Workshops to present Best Practice Guidelines for minimising potential off-target impacts of bud break sprays. Zespri Grower internet publication, 11 pp. www.zespricanopy.com (accessed 20 May 2008)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749100822&partnerID=40&md5=83b786054948d272625103185073fdd2 PY - 2008 SP - 153-158 ST - Development of best practice to minimise off-target drift from hydrogen cyanamide sprays in kiwifruit orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of best practice to minimise off-target drift from hydrogen cyanamide sprays in kiwifruit orchards VL - 61 ID - 444 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Avocado trees in New Zealand orchards are planted on squares spaced 7-14 m apart with tree heights of up to 14 m. Large trees present considerable difficulties with regards to pesticide application. A series of studies was undertaken on 6-8 m high trees to optimise formulation prescriptions for airblast application of copper sprays. Treatments included standard (up to 3000 litres/ha) and low volume (600-1000 litres/ha), concentrate spray applications applied with the addition of varying rates of an organosilicone superspreader adjuvant. Spray deposits were measured on foliage in the inner and outer sections of the lower, mid and upper tree canopies. Low volume concentrated sprays with the superspreader adjuvant added gave higher and more evenly distributed spray deposits on positions throughout the canopy than standard sprays. Three times concentrate sprays were more effective than five times concentrate sprays because of the large canopy volume of the trees. The adjuvant maximised coverage and evenness of spray deposits. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Manktelow, D. W. L. AU - Pak, H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Gaskin, R.E., Pathan, A.K., Characterising plant surfaces and adjuvant interactions to improve pesticide spray retention and coverage on avocados (2006) Annual Research Report, , http://www.avocadosource.com, New Zealand Avocado Growers' Association 6: 63-70; Gaskin RE, Manktelow DWL, Pak H 2007a. Use of adjuvant technology to improve the distribution of copper sprays on avocado canopies. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 6-9 August 2007, Poster abstract 08 [ISBN 978-0-473-12388-8]; Gaskin RE, Manktelow DWL, Geelen A 2007b. Adjuvant-enhanced, low spray programmes for pipfruit. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, Columbus, Ohio, USA, 6-9 August 2007, 8 pp. [ISBN 978-0-473-12388-8]; Gaskin, R.E., Steele, K.D., Forster, W.A., Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 179-183; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W.L., Skinner, S.J., Elliott, G.S., Use of a superspreader adjuvant to reduce spray application volumes on avocados (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 266-270; Gaskin, R.E., Hofstee, M.E., Elliott, G.S., Phytotoxicity of agrochemical adjuvants on avocados (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, p. 274; Gaskin, R.E., Murray, R.J., Steele, K.D., Stevenson, A.H., Organosilicone surfactant reduces pesticide spray in kiwifruit orchards (2001) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, pp. 191-196. , Amsterdam, 13-17 August, Pp; Manktelow DWL, Gurnsey SJ, MacGregor AM 2004. Deposit variability and prediction in fruit crops: What use are label rates anyway? In: International Advances in Pesticide Application. Aspects of Applied Biology 71: 269-278; Manktelow, D.W.L., May, W., Review: Determining and optimising chemical application rates and spray application in different avocado canopies (2006) Annual Research Report, , http://www.avocadosource.com, New Zealand Avocado Growers' Association 6: 71-80 PY - 2008 SP - 147-152 ST - Improving spray distribution and coverage on avocado trees in low volume, concentrate sprays T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Improving spray distribution and coverage on avocado trees in low volume, concentrate sprays UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749101899&partnerID=40&md5=9c67a27bad37126f9be3af6d46af4666 VL - 61 ID - 465 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Irish wasp Microctonus aethiopoides was released in 2006 as a biocontroi agent for the clover root weevil Sitona lepidus, a serious pest of white clover in New Zealand. Following successful establishment, two strategies were implemented to accelerate the widespread establishment of the parasitoid throughout the North Island. The first approach was the establishment of regional nursery sites that act as point sources for natural and assisted dispersal. With the assistance of Regional Councils and major landowners, these were set up at sites favourable to the wasp, and local people were provided the training and support to undertake collections and distribution of parasitized weevils. Secondly, samples of parasitized weevils were distributed for release directly to farmers through pastoral industry networks and events. Initial results indicate that while the parasitoid established rapidly at Taranaki and Waikato nursery sites as anticipated, it has failed to establish in Northland in two successive seasons. AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Eden, T. M. AU - Wilson, D. J. AU - Burch, G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barlow, N.D., Goldson, S.L., A modelling analysis of the successful biological control of Sitona discoideus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in New Zealand (1993) Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, pp. 165-178; Barrait, B.I.P., Ferguson, C.M., Bixley, A.S., Crook, K.E., Barton, D.M., Johnstone, P.D., Field parasitism of nontarget weevil species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by the introduced biological control agent Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) over an altitude gradient (2007) Environmental Entomology, 36 (4), pp. 826-839; Bellows, T.S., Paine, T.D., Bezark, L.G., Ball, J., Optimizing natural enemy release rates, and associated pest population decline rates, for Encarsia inaron Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (2006) Biological Control, 37 (1), pp. 16-24; Eden, T.M., Donald, M., Gerard, P.J., The effect of parasitism on clover root weevil flight (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 31-34; Eerens, J.P.J., Hardwick, S., Gerard, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) in New Zealand: The story so far (2005) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 67, pp. 19-22; Ferguson, C.M., Evans, A.A., Barratt, B.I.P., Phillips, C.B., Establishment and dispersal of Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Otago and Southland (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 41-46. , Pp; Ferguson, C.M., Phillips, C.B., Barton, D.M., McNeill, M.R., Townsend, H., Vattala, D., Pupation depth of Microctonus spp (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 389. , Abstract only; Gerard, P.J., Eden, T.M., Hardwick, S., Mercer, C.F., Slay, M.S., Wilson, D.J., Initial establishment of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 203-208; Gerard, P.J., Arnold, E.D., Influence of climate regime on clover root weevil adult survival and physiology (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 241-245; Goldson, S.L., Barker, G.M., Barratt, B.I.P., The establishment of an Argentine stem weevil parasitoid at its release sites (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 274-276. , Pp; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Baird, D.B., Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) flight in Canterbury, New Zealand (1999) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89, pp. 423-431; Hopper, K.R., Roush, R.T., Mate finding, dispersal, number released, and the success of biological control introductions (1993) Ecological Entomology, 18, pp. 321-331; Loan, C.C., Holdaway, F.G., Microctonus aethiops (Nees) auctt. and Perilitus rutilus (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), European parasites of Sitona weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1961) The Canadian Entomologist, 93, pp. 1057-1079; Loan, C.C., Lloyd, D.C., Description and field biology of Microctonus hyperodae Loan n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Euphorinae), a parasite of Hyperodes bonariensis in South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1974) Entomophaga, 19, pp. 7-12; McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Phillips, C.B., Addison, P.J., A description of the commercial rearing and distribution of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for biological control of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2002) Biological Control, 24 (2), pp. 167-175; Memmott, J., Fowler, S.V., Hill, R.L., The effect of release size on the probability of establishment of biological control agents: Gorse thrips (Sericothrips staphylinus) released against gorse (Ulex europaeus) in New Zealand (1998) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 8, pp. 103-115; Van Driesche RG. 1993. Methods for the field colonization of new biological control agents. In: Van Driesche RG, Bellows TSJ ed. Steps in Classical Arthropod Biological Control. Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Lanham, MD, USA. Pp. 67-86UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749083148&partnerID=40&md5=c65e672147b94321ba74cbd4659e2a44 PY - 2008 SP - 24-30 ST - Distribution of the clover root weevil biocontrol agent in the north island of New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Distribution of the clover root weevil biocontrol agent in the north island of New Zealand VL - 61 ID - 461 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To minimise environmental impact in urban and recreational environments, insecticides may be injected directly into the vascular system of trees rather than by conventional foliar spray application. In previous stem injection trials, the majority of injected insecticides did not provide effective control of herbivorous insects. This was largely because of the insolubility of the formulated insecticide products available in New Zealand. Three water soluble insecticides, acephate, imidacloprid and emamectin benzoate, were injected directly into the xylem of Eucalyptus nitens. In subsequent laboratory bioassays the effect of these insecticides were assessed on two leaf feeding insects, Uraba lugens (gum leaf skeletoniser) and Trachymela sloanei (a eucalyptus tortoise beetle). The results indicate that acephate may be a suitable candidate for protecting trees using stem injection of insecticides but in this study imidacloprid and emamectin benzoate were not effective. AU - Gous, S. F. AU - Richardson, B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Gous SF 2005. Stem Injection-Dose response trials and bioassays. Confidential Scion Report 11515 for FBRC and MAF. Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand; Grosman, D.M., Upton, W.W., McCook, F.A., Billings, R.F., Systemic insecticide injections for control of cone seed insects in Loblolly pine seed orchards-2 year results (2002) Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 26 (3), pp. 146-152; Helson, B.V., Lyons, D.B., Wanner, K.W., Scarr, T.A., Control of conifer defoliators with neem-based systemic insecticides using a novel injection device (2001) The Canadian Entomoligist, 133, pp. 729-744; Kreutzweiser, D.K., Good, K., Chartrand, D., Scarr, T., Thompson, D., Non-target effects on aquatic decomposer organisms of imidacloprid as a systemic insecticide to control emerald ash borer in riparian trees (2007) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 68, pp. 315-325; Mansfield, S., Withers, T.M., Gous, S.F., Potter, K.J.B., Kriticos, D.J., Watson, M., Kimberley, M.O., Potential of selective insecticides for managing Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) on eucalypts (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (3), pp. 780-789; Massimo, F., Elm bark beetles and Dutch Elm Disease: Tests of combined control (2001) Anzeiger fur Schädlingskunde, 74 (1), pp. 22-29; Matsuki, M., Kay, M., Serin, J., Floyd, R., Scott, J.K., Potential risk of accidental introduction of Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) to Australasia: Effects of climatic conditions and suitability of native plants (2001) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 3, pp. 305-320; Novachem Manual 2006/2007 A New Zealand guide to agrichemicals for plant protection. Novachem Services Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 471 pp; Poland, T.M., Haack, R.A., Petrice, T.R., Miller, D.L., Bauer, L.S., Gao, R., Field evaluations of systemic insecticides for control of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycida) in China (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (2), pp. 383-392; Scott G, Gous SF 2005. The chemical analysis of pesticides in stem injection trials. Confidential Scion Report 11358 for FBRC and MAF. Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand; The pesticide manual: A world compendium (2006) British Crop Protection Enterprises, , Tomlin CDS ed, 14th edition, Hampshire, UK. 1344 pp; Wanner, K.W., Helson, B.V., Harris, B.J., Laboratory evaluation of two novel strategies to control first-instar gypsy moth larvae with spinosad applied to tree trunks (2002) Pest Management Science, 58, pp. 817-824 PY - 2008 SP - 174-178 ST - Stem injection of insecticides to control herbivorous insects on Eucalyptus nitens T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Stem injection of insecticides to control herbivorous insects on Eucalyptus nitens UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749093365&partnerID=40&md5=c46a00a21d3be9229fe7161d09155984 VL - 61 ID - 463 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bridal creeper is a weed of natural and productive areas in the northern North Island of New Zealand. A classical biocontrol programme was initiated in 2005-2007 with a survey of invertebrate fauna and pathogens associated with the weed in New Zealand. Although bridal creeper was attacked by a wide range of generalist invertebrates, their overall damage affected <1% of total plant biomass. However, a specialist rust fungus, Puccinia myrsiphylli, which was deliberately introduced into Australia to control bridal creeper in 2000, was detected in New Zealand for the first time. Our surveys indicate that it has spread autonomously over most of the weed's range in northern New Zealand. Damage was often severe, causing up to 100% premature defoliation. It may also form a synergistic disease complex with another widespread primary fungal pathogen of bridal creeper, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The rust appears to be an effective biocontrol agent for bridal creeper in New Zealand. AU - Harman, H. M. AU - Waipara, N. W. AU - Winks, C. J. AU - Smith, L. A. AU - Peterson, P. O. AU - Wilkie, J. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Esler, A.E., (2004) Wild plants in Auckland, , Auckland University Press, Auckland. 218 pp; Harman HM, Waipara NW, Winks CJ, Smith LA, Peterson Wilkie JP 2008. Invertebrates and fungi associated with bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides (Asparagaceae), in New Zealand. Landcare Research Contract Report No. LC0708/124, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand. 32 pp; Morin, L., Edwards, P.B., Selection of biological control agents for bridal creeper: A retrospective review (2006) Australian Journal of Entomology, 45, pp. 287-291; Morin, L., Willis, A.J., Armstrong, J., Kriticos, D., Spread, epidemic development and impact of the bridal creeper rust in Australia: Summary of results (2002) Proceedings of the 13 th Australian Weeds Conference, pp. 385-388. , Spafford Jacob H, Dodd J, Moore JH ed, Plant Protection Society of WA Inc, Perth, Australia. Pp; Roy, B., Popay, I., Champion, P., James, T., Rahman, A., (2004) An illustrated guide to common weeds in New Zealand, , 2nd edition. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Lincoln, New Zealand; Syrett P 1999. Prospects for biological control of climbing asparagus, Asparagus scandens Thunberg (Asparagaceae). Landcare Research Contract Report No. LC9899/104, Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand. 15 pp; Waipara, N.W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Harman, H.M., Winks, C.J., Park, D., (2006) First record of bridal creeper rust, Puccinia myrsiphylli, a classical biocontrol agent of the environmental weed bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides, in New Zealand. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 1, pp. 23-24 PY - 2008 SP - 362-367 ST - Natural enemies of bridal creeper, asparagus asparagoides, in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Natural enemies of bridal creeper, asparagus asparagoides, in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749094525&partnerID=40&md5=d55e586ffc2c24839f143e6c5aae837d VL - 61 ID - 490 ER - TY - JOUR AB - One half of a Massey University dairy farm was converted to an organic production system in 2001 and the other half continued to be fanned as a conventional unit. Aspects of these two systems have been compared over the subsequent years, including the weed flora measured twice a year since 2003 along set transects within each system. Overall there has been no significant increase in the weed cover of the organic pastures during the 4 years since measurements began. With both systems, pasture weediness increased mainly after new pastures were established. Although selective herbicides could be used in the conventional system to reduce this weediness, the weed content quickly decreased to tolerable levels in the organic system through grazing management. Hairy buttercup (Ranunculus sardous) and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) were the two dominant species in both systems, and factors that influenced which species dominated are discussed. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Osborne, M. A. AU - Kemp, P. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Harrington, K.C., Thatcher, A.R., Kemp, P.D., Mineral composition and nutritive value of some common pasture weeds (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 261-265; Kelly, T., Butcher, N., Harrington, K., Holmes, C., Home, D., Kemp, P., Palmer, A., Thatcher, A., (2005) Organic-conventional dairy systems trial in New Zealand: Four years' results, , http://orgprints.org/4392, accessed 7 April 2008; Reider, R., Growing organically: Human networks and the quest to expand organic agriculture in New Zealand (2007) Research report, , http://hdl.handle.net/10182/133, No 293, Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit, Lincoln University. 79 pp. Available at; Seefeldt, S.S., Stephens, J.M.C., Verkaaik, M.L., Rahman, A., Quantifying the impact of a weed in a perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture (2005) Weed Science, 53, pp. 113-220; Turner, R.J., Bond, W., Davies, G., Dock management: A review of science and fanner approaches (2004) Hopkins Aed. Organic farming-Science and practice for profitable livestock and cropping. BGS Occasional Symposium, 37, pp. 53-56. , British Grassland Society, Reading, UK. Pp PY - 2008 SP - 116-120 ST - Weed cover unaffected after converting a dairy farm to organic production T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Weed cover unaffected after converting a dairy farm to organic production UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749098503&partnerID=40&md5=beeb73afceaad1607338212ce9efe1b8 VL - 61 ID - 470 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. is an important predator of aphids and scales in New Zealand apple orchards. To determine whether European earwig acted as a biological control agent of apple leaf-curling midge (ALCM), Dasineura mali Kieffer, their prey searching and feeding activity was investigated in the field and laboratory. In the field in January, earwigs started to leave their shelters at about 9:20 pm to search for ALCM larvae and returned to the shelters before 5:35 am, with a searching peak on apple shoots infested by ALCM larvae between 10:30 pm and 1:30 am. Significantly more ALCM infested shoots and leaves were bitten by earwigs on trees where shelters trapped earwigs than on those where shelters did not trap any earwigs. In the laboratory, earwigs mainly fed in the first 2 hours after light-off and each adult consumed an average of 67.70 + 3.18 mature ALCM larvae during the scotophase (8 h). Heavier earwigs consumed significantly more ALCM larvae than light ones. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. AU - Xu, J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2005) Apple leafcurling midge - Natural enemies, , http://www.hortnet.co.nz/key/keys/info/enemies/alm-enem.htm, ANON, accessed 12 December 2005; Bell, W.J., Searching behavior patterns in insects (1999) Annual Review of Entomology, 35, pp. 447-467; Barnard, C.J., (2004) Animal behavior: Mechanism, development, function and evolution, , Pearson Education, Harlow, England. 726 pp; Burnip, G.M., Daly, J.M., Hackett, J.K., Suckling, D.M., European earwig phenology and effect of understorey management on population estimation (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 390-395; Buxton JH 1974. The biology of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. with reference to its predatory activities on the damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Shrank). PhD Thesis, University of London; Buxton, J.H., Madge, D.S., The evaluation of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia) as a predator of the damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli). I. Feeding experiments (1976) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 19, pp. 109-114; Carroll, D.P., Walker, J.T.S., Hoyt, S.C., European earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) fail to control apple aphids on bearing apple trees and woolly apple aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in apple rootstock stool beds (1985) Journal of Economic Entomology, 78, pp. 972-974; Flint, M.L., Pest notes: Earwigs (2002) Integrated pest management for home gardeners, , http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74102.html, Ohlendorf B. ed, accessed 15 February 2008; Karsemeijer, M.M.D., Observations on the enemies of the oyster shell scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi, on apple in the Netherlands (1973) Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 79, pp. 122-124; Lamb, R.J., Wellington, W.G., Techniques for studying the behavior and ecology of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia (Demaptera: Forficulidae) (1974) Canadian Entomologist, 106, pp. 881-888; Maher, B.J., Logan, D.P., European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, and predation of scale insects in organic and conventionally managed kiwifruit (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 249-253; Mueller, T.F., Blommers, L.H.M., Mois, P.J.M., Earwig (Forficula auricularia) predation on the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (1988) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 47, pp. 145-152; Nicholas, A.H., Spooner-Hart, R.N., Vickers, R.A., Abundance and natural control of the woolly aphid Eriosoma lanigerum in an Australian apple orchard IPM programme (2005) BioControl, 50, pp. 271-291; Smith JT, Chapman RB 1995. A survey of apple leafcurling midge (Dasyneura mail) in the Nelson district. Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference. Pp. 117-120; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Alspach, P.A., Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Phenology of apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mail) in relation to parasitism by Platygaster demades (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 306-310; Suckling, D.M., Bumip, G.M., Hackett, J., Daly, J.C., Frass sampling and baiting indicate European earwig (Forficula auricularia) foraging in orchards (2006) Journal of Applied Entomology, 130, pp. 263-267; Suckling, D.M., McKenna, C., Walker, J.T.S., Integrated pest management in New Zealand horticulture (2003) Integrated pest management in the Global Arena, pp. 385-396. , Maredia KM, Dakouo D, Mota-Sanchez D ed, CABI Publishing, Wallingford. Pp; Walker, J.T.S., Manktelow, D.W.L., Wearing, C.H., Shaw, P.W., Lo, P.L., Suckling, D.M., Development of integrated fruit production programmes in the New Zealand horticultural industry (2001) IOB/WPRS Bulletin, 24, pp. 51-56; Walker, S.E., Marshall, S.D., Rypstra, A.L., Taylor, D.H., The effects of hunger on locomotory behaviour in two species of wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae) (1999) Animal Behaviour, 58, pp. 515-520 PY - 2008 SP - 343-349 ST - European earwig as a potential biological control agent of apple leaf-curling midge T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - European earwig as a potential biological control agent of apple leaf-curling midge UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749097733&partnerID=40&md5=863e312516841ca819d710b69ca601ea VL - 61 ID - 456 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Plant fluorescence is normally measured using the ratio Fv/Fm (quantum yield). An alternative measurement, fluorescence decline ratio (Rfd), can be used instead of Fv/Fm. The usefulness of the Rfd ratio in comparison to Fv/Fm was tested with three plant species of differing leaf character. Diurnal trends were measured after treatment with two herbicides, diuron, a lipophilic photosynthesis inhibiting herbicide and dalapon, a less-lipophilic non-photosynthesis inhibiting herbicide. In wheat, both herbicides were tested with three non-ionic surfactants of differing hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB). The Rfd ratio was a more sensitive numerical indicator of plant responses and provides an alternative approach to monitoring and measuring the effect of stress factors in plants. AU - Horgan, D. B. AU - Zabkiewicz, J. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Forster, W.A., Zabkiewicz, J., Riederer, M., Mechanisms of cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants: 1. Influence of xenobiotic dose on the uptake of three model compounds applied in the absence and presence of surfactants into Chenopodium album, Hedera helix and Stephanotis floribunda leaves (2004) Pest Management Science, 60, pp. 1105-1113; Leasure, J.K., The mode of action of dalapon (1963) California Turfgrass Culture, 13, pp. 19-22; Lichtenthaler, H.K., In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for stress detection in plants (1988) Applications of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Photosynthesis Research, Stress Physiology, Hydrobiology and Remote Sensing, pp. 129-142. , Lichtenthaler HK ed, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Pp; Maxwell, K., Johnson, G.N., Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide (2000) Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, pp. 659-668; Rohacek, K., Bartak, M., Technique of the modulated chlorophyll fluorescence: Basic concepts, useful parameters, and some applications (1999) Photosynthetica, 37, pp. 339-363; Sayed, O.H., Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in cereal crop research (2003) Photosynthetica, 41, pp. 321-330 PY - 2008 SP - 169-173 ST - Fluorescence decline ratio: Comparison with quantum yield ratio for plant physiological status and herbicide treatment responses T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Fluorescence decline ratio: Comparison with quantum yield ratio for plant physiological status and herbicide treatment responses UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749087641&partnerID=40&md5=f94a7e31d2409e8c8c97642a15dee091 VL - 61 ID - 459 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The grey field slug, Deroceras reticulatum, is one of the most dominant slug pests in temperate climates. In mild, moist conditions populations can rapidly reach economically damaging levels. Large-scale control relies heavily on the use of molluscicide baits. The active ingredients in molluscicides are often in themselves repellent to slugs and must be formulated with other more palatable substances to ensure sufficient ingestion. A study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of four bait products at various time intervals after application to bare soil. Slug morbidity following bait application 48 h prior to exposure was significantly higher for methiocarb products while metaldehyde products experienced reduced efficacy after the same time period. AU - Howlett, S. A. AU - Wilson, D. J. AU - Miller, K. T. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, S.E.R., Molluscicidal baits for control of terrestrial gastropods (2002) Molluscs as Crop Pests, , Barker GM ed, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. 468 pp; Barker, G.M., (1999) Naturalised Terrestrial Stylommatophora: (Mollusca: Gastropoda), , Manaaki Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. 253 pp; (2006) The Guide to GenStat Release 9 - Part 2: Statistics, , GenStat Committee, Payne RW ed. VSN International, Oxford, UK; Glen, D.M., Moens, R., Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in West European cereals (2002) Molluscs as Crop Pests, , Barker GM ed, CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK. 468 pp; Godan, D., (1983) Pest Slugs and Snails. Biology and Control, , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 445 pp; Hammond, R.B., Smith, J.A., Beck, T., Timing of molluscicide applications for reliable control in no-tillage field crops (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89, pp. 1028-1032; Hewlett, S.A., (2005) The biology, behaviour and control of the field slug Deroceras reticulatum (Müller), , Ph.D. thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 257 pp; Howling, G.G., (1990) The foraging and feeding behaviour of pest slugs with reference to control in the field, , Ph.D. thesis. University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 133 pp; Howling, G.G., Slug foraging behaviour, attraction to food items from a distance (1991) Annals of Applied Biology, 119, pp. 147-153; Mills, J.D., Bailey, S.E.R., McCrohan, C.R., Wedgwood, M.A., Effects of molluscicides on feeding behaviour and neuronal activity (1989) Slugs and Snails in World Agriculture, pp. 77-83. , Henderson IF ed. Guildford, UK, British Crop Protection Council. Pp; Port, C.M., Port, G.R., The biology and behaviour of slugs in relation to crop damage and control (1986) Agricultural Zoology Reviews, 1, pp. 253-299; Runham, N.W., Hunter, P.J., (1970) Terrestrial Slugs, , Hutchinson & Co. Ltd, London, UK. 175 pp; Wright, A.A., Williams, R., The effect of molluscicides on the consumption of bait by slugs (1980) Journal of Molluscan Studies, 46, pp. 265-281 PY - 2008 SP - 283-286 ST - The efficacy of various bait products against the grey field slug, Deroceras reticulatum T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The efficacy of various bait products against the grey field slug, Deroceras reticulatum UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749084349&partnerID=40&md5=ceb7382fd37815a60838ad6bae80013a VL - 61 ID - 469 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) prevents the regeneration of native forests in New Zealand. The herbicide triclopyr effectively controls this weed, but is damaging to many native plant species. To identify alternative herbicides, 16 active ingredients representing eight chemical groups were applied to container-grown wandering Jew plants of various ages in three experiments. In Experiment 1, triclopyr killed all plants (3 months old), while amitrole caused substantial damage to plants. In Experiment 2, amitrole, terbuthylazine, metsulfuron-methyl and triclopyr provided excellent control of 2 month-old plants. In Experiment 3, on 4 month-old plants, wandering Jew was highly susceptible to triclopyr, metsulfuron-methyl, fluroxypyr, glyphosate + fluroxypyr, metsulfuron-methyl + triclopyr and picloram + triclopyr. These herbicides were evaluated in a subsequent field trial and all except metsulfuron-methyl gave similar levels of control to Experiment 3. Further investigation of these chemicals is required to determine their optimal use rates and safety for native plants. AU - Hurrell, G. A. AU - James, T. K. AU - Lusk, C. S. AU - Trolove, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Champion, P.C., James, T.K., Carney, E.C., Safety of triclopyr triethylamine to native wetland species (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 378-383; (2008) Materials data safety sheets, , http://full.chemwatch.net/chemgold, accessed 31 May 2008; (2000) SPACE INVADERS A summary of the Department of Conservation's Strategic Plan for Managing Invasive Weeds, , http://www.doc.govt-nz/upload/documents/conservation/threats-and-impacts/weeds/space-invaders.pdf, Department of Conservation, accessed 3 June 2008; Harrington, K.C., Schmitz, H.K., Initial screening of herbicides tolerated by native plants (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 133-136; Kelly, D., Skipworth, J.P., Tradescantia fluminensis in Manawatu New Zealand forest: I. Growth and effects on regeneration (1984) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 22, pp. 393-397; Kelly, D., Skipworth, J.P., Tradescantia fluminensis in Manawatu New Zealand forest: II. Management by herbicides (1984) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 22, pp. 399-402; New Zealand Agricultural Chemical Manual 2007. Agri Media Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. 596 pp; Standish, R.J., Experimenting with methods to control Tradescantia fluminensis, an invasive weed of native forest remnants in New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 26, pp. 161-170 PY - 2008 SP - 368-373 ST - Herbicide selection for wandering jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) control T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Herbicide selection for wandering jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) control UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749098034&partnerID=40&md5=a2621e3b603a3c8e5ac0bbb2bfeb63ce VL - 61 ID - 464 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Strains of the bacteria Serratia entomophila and S. proteamaculans cause amber disease in the grass grub Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an important pasture pest in New Zealand. Strains of both Serratia species occur naturally in New Zealand pasture soils. Serratia entomophila has been developed as a commercial biological control agent, bioshield™. The persistence of the applied strain in soil is currently measured by enumeration of bacterial colonies on Serratia-selective agar and subsequent biochemical tests are carried out to differentiate between the two Serratia species, on the basis of their ability to utilise itaconate as a sole carbon source. A species-specific DNA probe has been developed as an alternative to these laborious biochemical tests. Tests against a range of Serratia species in colony dot blots showed the probe could be used to differentiate between S. entomophila and S.protemaculans recovered from treated soil when assessing persistence of bioshield™ inoculum and efficacy of the product in the field. AU - Hurst, M. R. H. AU - Young, S. D. AU - O'Callaghan, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schaffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., Lipman, D.J., Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs (1997) Nucleic Acids Research, 25, pp. 3389-3402; Chang, A.C.Y., Cohen, S.N., Construction and characterization of amplifiable multicopy DNA cloning vehicles derived from the p15A cryptic miniplasmid (1978) Journal of Bacteriology, 134, pp. 1141-1156; de Lorenzo, V., Herrero, M., Jakubzik, U., Timmis, K.N., Mini-Tn5 transposon derivatives for insertion mutagenesis, promotor probing, and chromosomal insertion of cloned DNA in Gram-negative Eubacteria (1990) Journal of Bacteriology, 172, pp. 6568-6572; Dower, W.J., Miller, J.F., Ragsdale, C.W., High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high voltage electroporation (1988) Nucleic Acids Research, 16, pp. 6127-6145; Grimont, P.A.D., Jackson, T.A., Ageron, E., Noonan, M.J., Serratia entomophila sp. nov. associated with amber disease in the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (1988) International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 38, pp. 1-6; Hurst, M.R.H., O'Callaghan, M., Glare, T.R., Peripheral sequences of the Serratia entomophila pADAP virulence-associated region (2003) Plasmid, 50, pp. 213-229; Jackson, T.A., Glare, T.R., O'Callaghan, M., Pathotypic boundaries for Serratia spp. causing amber disease in the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (1991) Proceedings 3rd European Meeting Microbial Control of Insect Pests, pp. 148-152. , Smits PH ed, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Pp; Jackson, T.A., Townsend, R.J., Nelson, T.L., Richards, N.K., Glare, T.R., Estimating amber disease in grass grub populations by visual assessment and DNA colony blot analysis (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 165-168. , Pp; Liesack W, Janssen PH, Rainey, FA, Ward-Rainey NL, Stackebrandt E 1997. Microbial diversity in soil: the need for a combined approach using molecular and cultivation techniques. In: van Elsas JD, Trevors JT, Wellington EMH ed. Modern Soil Microbiology. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA. Pp. 375-440; Lorow, D., Jessee, J., Max efficiency DH10B™:a host for cloning methylated DNA (1990) Focus, 12, p. 19; O'Callaghan, M., Jackson, T.A., Isolation and enumeration of Serratia entomophila-a bacterial pathogen of the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (1993) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 75, pp. 307-314; Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., Maniatis, T., (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, , 2nd Edition. Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, USA; Starr, M.P., Grimont, P.A.D., Grimont, F., Starr, P.B., Caprylate-thallous agar medium for selectively isolating Serratia and its utility in the clinical laboratory (1976) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 4, pp. 270-276; Yanisch-Perron, C., Vieira, J., Messing, J., Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: Nucleotide sequence of M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors (1985) Gene, 33, pp. 103-119 PY - 2008 SP - 222-228 ST - Development of a species-specific probe for detection of Serratia entomophila in soil T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of a species-specific probe for detection of Serratia entomophila in soil UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749083285&partnerID=40&md5=c9052cdf442cab425936119a4ddfaadc VL - 61 ID - 481 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For 50 years 2,4-D has been the predominant chemical used for weed control on New Zealand farms but there is regulatory pressure to reduce application rates. Pot and field experiments investigated the efficacy of lower rates of 2,4-D when used in combination with either chlorsulfuron or mesotrione, for control of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and nodding thistle (Carduus nutans). Experiments on potted plants evaluated herbicide combinations at several growth stages from small rosettes to pre-bolting while field trials were on weeds at bolting. Ragwort was well controlled by the half-rate of 2,4-D plus either chlorsulfuron or mesotrione. For nodding thistle, mesotrione was a better additive. In the field trials, control of both ragwort and nodding thistle from the halfrate of 2,4-D plus either chlorsulfuron or mesotrione was equal to or significantly better than that from the full-rate of 2,4-D alone. However, in some instances there was also significant pasture damage. AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2002) Towards a pesticide risk reduction policy for New Zealand, (427). , Ministry for the Environment, ME, 68 pp. Anon; Brodie, A., Low-volume nozzles (1949) Proceedings of the Second National Weeds Conference, 2, pp. 49-54; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Sanders, P., Tolerance of white clover to some phenoxy herbicides and mixtures (1993) Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 288-291. , Pp; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Sanders, P., Cliffe, A., Response of different nodding thistle (Carduus nutans) populations to herbicides (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 252-255. , Pp; James, T.K., Rahman, A., De Jong, P., Flazasulfuron for control of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) in pasture (1997) Proceeding of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 447-452. , Pp; Manktelow, D., Stevens, P., Walker, J., Gurnsey, S., Park, N., Zabkiewicz, J., Teuton, D., Rahman, A., (2004) Trends in pesticide use in New Zealand, , The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Auckland. 74 pp; Martin, P., Thompson, A., Rahman, A., Spot treatment of ragwort and nodding thistle with DPX-L5300 (1988) Proceeding of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 223-225. , Pp; Martin, P., Thompson, A., Saunders, A.E., Rahman, A., Effect of plant type on the response of ragwort to rates and times of 2,4-D application (1986) Proceedings New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, 39, pp. 179-182; Matthews LJ 1956. Chemical methods of weed control. New Zealand Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 329. 90 pp; Muller, F.B., Weed-killing fertiliser mixtures (1952) Proceedings of the 5th New Zealand Weed Control Conference, pp. 61-68. , Pp; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Sanders, P., Nicholson, K., Tolerance of perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures to five sulfonylurea herbicides (1993) Proceedings of the 14th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 310-314. , Pp; Ward, R.K., A review of the weed control investigations at the Soil Fertility Research Station, Hamilton (1949) Proceedings of the Second National Weeds Conference, pp. 5-15. , Pp PY - 2008 SP - 127-133 ST - Ragwort and nodding thistle control with novel 2,4-D mixtures T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Ragwort and nodding thistle control with novel 2,4-D mixtures UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749084904&partnerID=40&md5=328e5fa7cc4447cc436078ae54b9ca76 VL - 61 ID - 498 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ladybird Stethorus sp. and the predatory mite Agistemus longisetus are the most abundant natural enemies found with high populations of citrus red mite (CRM) (Panonychus citri). To enable the continued use of pesticides that may be toxic to one or both of these predators, knowledge of their roles in regulating CRM populations is required. In laboratory bioassays, both natural enemies alone and in combination reduced the number of eggs and immature CRM. However, A. longisetus alone did not reduce the number of CRM adults as effectively as Stethorus sp. alone or in combination. In a glasshouse trial, predation by a combination of Stethorus sp. and A. longisetus reduced CRM populations faster than predation by Stethorus sp. alone. Stethorus sp. is the more effective of the two common CRM natural enemies at reducing high populations of CRM, but the combined predation of the two predators may be complementary in highly dispersed populations where there are a large number of leaves with few eggs. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Charles, J. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: DeBach, P., Rosen, D., (1991) Biological control by natural enemies, , University Press, Cambridge, UK; Hull, L.A., Asquith, D., Mowery, P.D., The mite searching ability of Stethorus punctum within an apple orchard (1977) Environmental Entomology, 6, pp. 684-688; Inoue, K., Tanada, M., Biological characteristics of Agistemus terminalis (Quayle) (Acarina: Stigmaeidae) as a predator of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (1983) Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Ecology, 27 (4), pp. 280-288; Jamieson, L.E., Charles, J.G., Stevens, P.S., McKenna, C., Bawden, R., Natural enemies of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) in citrus orchards (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 299-305; Liu, Y., The biological characters of predatory ladybug and its effect on the citrus red mite (2002) South China Fruits, 31 (1), pp. 15-16; Peterson, P.G., McGregor, P., Springett, B.P., Density dependent prey-feeding time of Stethorus bifidus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Tetranychus lintearius (Acari: Tetranycidae) (2000) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 27, pp. 41-44; Pyle, K.R., Stevens, P.S., The integrated management of pests and diseases in New Zealand citrus (2004) Proceedings of the 10th International Society of Citriculture, Agadir, , Morocco, 15-20 February, Paper no. 249; Yue, B.S., Tsai, J.H., Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) as a predator of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri [McGregor]) (1995) Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 103 (1), pp. 107-113 PY - 2008 SP - 317-321 ST - Predation of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) by Stethorus sp. and Agistemus longisetus T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Predation of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) by Stethorus sp. and Agistemus longisetus UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749090578&partnerID=40&md5=cb00e7e67e79ab3793572fea56f3a37c VL - 61 ID - 475 ER - TY - JOUR AN - BIOSIS:PREV200800671332 AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Froud, K. J. AU - Edwards, R. AU - Stevens, P. S. DA - 2008 N1 - Times Cited: 3 Jamieson, Lisa/H-1783-2018 Jamieson, Lisa/0000-0003-3469-1180 0 4 PY - 2008 SN - 1175-9003 SP - 17-23 ST - Establishment of Thripobius javae (=semiluteus) in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Establishment of Thripobius javae (=semiluteus) in New Zealand UR - ://BIOSIS:PREV200800671332 VL - 61 ID - 1161 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Diaeretiella rapae is an important biological control agent of cabbage aphid. Host searching, handling and oviposition behaviour were investigated in relation to host age. The parasitoid spent 61% of her foraging time searching for hosts. Host handling time of the parasitoid decreased with increased number of host encounters. The females were more successful in finding older hosts (7 days old) and spent more time (94.9 ± 20.5 s/encounter) and did more stings (9.9 ± 1.4/encounter) on them than the younger hosts. They preferred to sting the abdomen rather than the thorax, head or legs of the host. The average number of eggs laid per host was highest (1.4 ± 0.2 eggs) in 7-day-old hosts. When attacking 7-day-old hosts, they gained 42% success in ovipositing the host compared to 10, 18 and 30% success in 1-, 3- and 5-day-old hosts, respectively. Results suggest that D. rapae may have adaptive preference for larger hosts and mass production could be more efficient by using 7-day-old aphids. AU - Kant, R. AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :15 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ardeh, M.J., de Jong, P.W., van Lenteren, J.C., Selection of Bemisia nymphal stages for oviposition or feeding, and host-handling times of arrhenotokous and thelytokous Eretmocerus mundus and arrhenotokous E. eremicus (2005) BioControl, 50, pp. 449-463; Bennett, D.M., Hoffmann, A.A., Effects of size and fluctuating asymmetry on field fitness of the parasitoid Trichogramma carverae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (1998) Journal of Animal Ecology, 67, pp. 580-591; Bueno, B.H.P., Gutierrez, A.P., Ruggle, P., Parasitism by Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) preference for pea aphid and blue alfalfa aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and competition with A. smithi (1993) Entomophaga, 38, pp. 273-284; Charnov, E.L., (1982) The Theory of Sex Allocation, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 355 pp; Charnov, E.L., Los-den Hartogh, R.L., Jones, W.T., van den Assem, J., Sex ratio evolution in a variable environment (1981) Nature, 289, pp. 27-33; Drost, Y.C., Qiu, Y.T., Posthuma-Doodeman, C.J.A.M., van Lenteren, J.C., Comparison of searching strategies of five parasitoid species of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Homptera: Aleyrodidae) (2000) Journal of Applied Entomology, 124, pp. 105-112; Flanders, S.E., Regulation of ovulation and egg disposal in the parasitic wasp Hymenoptera (1950) Canadian Entomologist, 82, pp. 134-140; Gentry, G.L., Barbosa, P., Effects of leaf epicuticular wax on the movement, foraging behavior, and attack efficacy of Diaeretiella rapae (2006) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 121, pp. 115-122; George, K.S., Preliminary investigations on the biology and ecology of the parasites and predators of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (1957) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 48, pp. 619-629; Godfray, H.C.J., (1994) Parasitoids: Behavioral and evolutionary ecology, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey USA; Harvey, J.A., Bezemer, T.M., Elzinga, J.A., Strand, M.R., Development of the solitary endoparasitoid Microplitis demolitor: Host quality does not increase with host age and size (2004) Ecological Entomology, 29, pp. 35-43; He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Host age preference in Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphididae) (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 195-201; Hudak, K., van Lenteren, J.C., Qiu, Y.T., Penzes, B., Foraging behaviour of parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii on poinsettia (2003) Bulletin of Insectology, 56, pp. 259-267; Hughes, R.D., Population dynamics of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (1963) Journal of Animal Ecology, 32, pp. 393-424; Islam, K.S., Copland, M.J.W., Host preference and progeny sex ratio in a solitary koinobiont mealybug endoparasitoid, Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault), in response to its host stage (1997) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 7, pp. 449-456; Lewis, W.J., Vet, L.E.M., Tumlinson, J.H., van Lenteren, J.C., Papaj, D.R., Variations in parasitoid foraging behavior: Essential element of a sound biological control theory (1990) Environmental Entomology, 19, pp. 1183-1193; Lu, H., Zhang, Z.L., Shi, B.C., Effects of host density, exposure period and environmental temperature on the reproduction of two aphid parasitoids, Aphidius gifuensis and Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (1992) Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 8, pp. 49-53; Mackauer, M., Host selection and host suitability in Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (1973) Perspectives in Aphid Biology, pp. 20-29. , Lowe AD ed, Entomological Society of New Zealand, Christchurch. Pp; Phillips, C.B., Observations of oviposition behavior of Microctonus hyperodae Loan and M. aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) (2002) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 11, pp. 326-337; Poinar G 2004. Behaviour and development of Elasmosoma sp. (Neoneurinae: Braconidae: Hymenoptera), an endoparasite of Formica ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Parasitology 128: 521-531; Rosenheim, J.A., Hongkham, D., Clutch size in an obligately siblicidal parasitoid wasp (1996) Animal Behaviour, 51, pp. 841-852; Rosenheim, J.A., The relative contributions of time and eggs to the cost of reproduction (1999) Evolution, 53, pp. 376-385; Sutterlin, S., van Lenteren, J.C., Foraging behavior of the parasitoid Encarsia formosa on Gerbera jamesonii leaves (1999) Journal of Insect Behavior, 12, pp. 105-122; Umoru, P.A., Powell, W., Clark, S.J., Effect of pirimicarb on the foraging behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on host-free and infested oilseed rape plants (1996) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86, pp. 193-201; van Driesche, R.G., Bellows, T.S., (1996) Biological Control, , Chapman and Hall, London. 539 pp; van Roermund, H.J.W., Hemerik, L., van Lenteren, J.C., Influence of intrapatch experiences and temperature on the time allocation of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (1994) Journal of Insect Behavior, 7, pp. 483-501; Vinson, S.B., Iwantsch, G.F., Host suitability for insect parasitoids (1980) Annual Review of Entomology, 25, pp. 397-419; Vis, R.M.J.D., Mendez, H., van Lenteren, J.C., Comparison of foraging behavior, interspecific host discrimination, and competition of Encarsia formosa and Amitus fuscipennis (2003) Journal of Insect Behavior, 16, pp. 117-152 PY - 2008 SP - 355-361 ST - Effect of host age on searching and oviposition behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of host age on searching and oviposition behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749090970&partnerID=40&md5=eda51be19b74a7aa61a6af96644c89d2 VL - 61 ID - 495 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study investigated the development, emergence and mating of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen, an important parasitoid of diamondback moth in the laboratory at 21 ± 1°C and 50-60% RH, with a photoperiod of 12:12 h (light:dark). The parasitoids' developmental period was significantly shorter and pupal weight significantly higher if their mothers parasitised the fourth instar larvae of DBM (P<0.01). The offspring sex ratio was strongly male-biased (<20%) but no significant difference was detected between host instars. Most adults emerged during the first few hours of the photophase and none emerged during the scotophase. Mating had no effect on the longevity of both sexes, but small females lived significantly longer than the larger ones (P<0.05). Male age and size had no effect on mating success, whereas small females achieved higher mating success than large ones (P<0.05). The implication of this study in mass-rearing in the laboratory is discussed. AU - Khatri, D. AU - Wang, Q. AU - He, X. Z. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbas, M.S.T., Biological and ecological studies on Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hym., Ichneumonidae), a larval parasite of the diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae) in Egypt (1988) Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 61, pp. 1-2; Beck NG, Cameron PJ 1992. Developing a reduced spray program for Brassicas in New Zealand. In Talekar NS ed. Diamondback moth and other crucifer pests. Proceedings of the second international workshop, Tainan, Taiwan. Pp. 341-350; Cameron, P.J., Shelton, A.M., Walker, G.P., Tang, J.D., Comparative insecticide resistance of New Zealand and North American populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (1997) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 25, pp. 117-122; Cameron, P.J., Walker, P.J., Keller, M.A., Comparative measures of the host specificity of Cotesia rubecula and C. plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1998) Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian Applied Entomological Research Conference, pp. 512-516. , Pp; Charnov, E.L., Hartogh, R.L., Los-den Jones, W.T., van den Assem, J., Sex ratio evolution in a variable environment (1981) Nature, 289, pp. 27-33; Chen, Z., Miao, S., Yang, C., Luo, K., Introduction of a larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum and evaluation on its potential for controlling Plutella xylostella (2003) Plant Protection, 29, pp. 22-24; Harvey, J.A., Strand, M.R., The developmental strategies of endoparasitoid wasps vary with host feeding ecology (2002) Ecology, 83, pp. 2439-2451; He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Teulon, D.A.J., Emergence, sexual maturation and oviposition of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 214-220; Iga, M., Effect of release of the introduced ichneumonid parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) in an experimental cabbage field (1997) Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 41, pp. 195-199; Kwon, M., Park, K., Kwon, H., Developmental characteristics of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a larval parasitoid of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) (2003) Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 6, pp. 105-110; Liu SS, Sun Y 1998. Brassica IPM in Asia: successes, challenges, and opportunities, in pest management: future challenges. Proceedings of the Sixth Australian Applied Entomological Research Conference. Pp. 86-97; Noda, T., Detection of diploid males and estimation of sex determination system in the parasitic wasp Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) using an allozyme as a genetic marker (2000) Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 23, pp. 41-44; Sequeira, R., Mackauer, M., Covariance of adult size and development time in the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi in relation to the size of its host, Acyrthosiphon pisum (1992) Evolutionary Ecology, 6, pp. 34-44; Shelton, A.M., Robertson, J.L., Tang, J.D., Perez, C., Eigenbrode, S.D., Preisler, H.K., Wilsey, W.T., Cooley, R.J., Resistance of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies in the field (1993) Journal of Economic Entomology, 86, pp. 697-705; Shi, Z.H., Li, Q.B., Li, X., Interspecific competition between Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hym., Ichneumonidae) and Cotesiaplutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in parasitizing Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidea) (2004) Journal of Applied Entomology, 128, pp. 437-444; Talekar, N.S., Shelton, A.M., Biology, ecology and management of the diamondback moth (1993) Annual Review of Entomology, 38, pp. 275-301; Talekar, N.S., Yang, J.C., Characteristics of parasitism of diamondback moth by two larval parasites (1991) Entomophaga, 36, pp. 95-104; Ueno, T., Adaptiveness of sex ratio control by the pupal parasitoid Itoplectis naranyae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in response to host size (1998) Evolutionary Ecology, 12, pp. 643-654; Walker G, Bush R, Prasad F 2002. Control of diamondback moth using IPM in vegetable brassica crops in New Zealand. In: Kirk AA, Bordat D. ed. Improving biocontrol of Plutella xylostella. Proceedings of the International Symposium. CIRAD, Montpellier, France. Pp. 257-262; Winkler, K., Wäckers, F., Bukovinszkine-Kiss, G., van Lenteren, J., Sugar resources are vital for Diadegma semiclausum fecundity under field conditions (2006) Basic and Applied Ecology, 7, pp. 133-140; Yang, J.C., Chu, Y.I., Talekar, N.S., Biological studies of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym, Ichneumonidae), a parasite of Diamondback moth (1993) Entomophaga, 38, pp. 579-586 PY - 2008 SP - 322-327 ST - Development and reproduction of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidotera: Plutellidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development and reproduction of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidotera: Plutellidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749096770&partnerID=40&md5=5e0a93e0d62fe6d893b90d6bd87edd25 VL - 61 ID - 458 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To assess the value of weather estimates, the expenses, including the cost of spray application, and the losses incurred because of a disease were analysed using disease risk simulations. In this case study, the risk of botrytis bunch rot was simulated using weather estimates as inputs to a disease risk model. Those estimates were obtained using spatial interpolation and nearest neighbour methods. Possible cost was calculated based on 2 by 2 matrices under the assumption that fungicide spray decisions were made using the disease risk model with estimated weather data. The expenses associated with each combination of decisions on spray application and outcome were compared between weather estimates and measurements. AU - Kim, K. S. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Henshall, W. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Gleason, M.L., Disease-warning systems (2000) Encyclopedia of Plant Pathology, 1, pp. 367-370. , John Wiley & Sons, New York. Pp; Gleason, M.L., Parker, S.K., Pitblado, R.E., Latin, R.X., Speranzini, D., Hazzard, R.V., Maletta, M.J., Biederstedt, D.L., Validation of a commercial system for remote estimation of wetness duration (1997) Plant Disease, 81, pp. 825-829; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., Prediction of disease risk using site-specific estimates of weather variables (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 128-132; Kim, K.S., Taylor, S.E., Gleason, M.L., Forecasting site-specific leaf wetness duration using empirical models (2006) Plant Disease, 90, pp. 650-656; Meyers, D.E., Spatial interpolation: An overview (1994) Geoderma, 62, pp. 17-28; Richardson, D.S., Skill and relative economic value of the ECMWF ensemble prediction system (2000) Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126, pp. 649-667 PY - 2008 SP - 296-300 ST - A cost-loss analysis to evaluate the value of weather estimates as inputs to a disease risk model T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A cost-loss analysis to evaluate the value of weather estimates as inputs to a disease risk model UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749105973&partnerID=40&md5=c851a84edd0692d0b123963e2cb6bb5e VL - 61 ID - 477 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Natural neighbour interpolation was investigated to estimate daily humidity at specific sites in a mountain area. The Global Summary of Day (GSOD) dataset was used to obtain weather data in mountain areas in south eastern Australia. Eighteen weather stations were selected as validation sites. Dew point temperature was estimated from January to December 2007. When the inverse distance weight method was used without adjusting the elevation difference between stations, accuracy of virtual dew point temperature was poor with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.6°C. When natural neighbour interpolation was used, the MAE for dew point temperature was 2.1°C with altitude adjustment. Furthermore, application of wet adiabatic lapse rate (-0.004°C/m) for altitude adjustment reduced the MAE to 1.3°C. These results will be used to improve the accuracy of weather estimates in areas with complex terrain, in order to implement crop disease predictions using risk models. AU - Kim, K. S. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Henshall, W. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Chung, U., Seo, H.H., Hwang, K.H., Hwang, B.S., Choi, J., Lee, J.T., Yun, J.I., Minimum temperature mapping over complex terrain by estimating cold air accumulation potential (2006) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 137, pp. 15-24; Jarvis, C.H., Stuart, N., A comparison among strategies for interpolating maximum and minimum daily air temperatures. Part II: The interaction between number of guiding variables and the type of interpolation method (2001) Journal of Applied Meteorology, 40, pp. 1075-1084; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., Prediction of disease risk using site-specific estimates of weather variables (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 128-132; Kimball, J.S., Running, S.W., Nemani, R., An improved method for estimating surface humidity from daily minimum temperature (1997) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 85, pp. 87-98; Lott N 1998. Global surface summary of day (http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi- bin/res40.pl?page=gsod.html), National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C; Rawson, H.M., Begg, J.E., Woodward, R.G., The effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species (1977) Planta, 134, pp. 5-10; Sibson, R., A vector identity for the dirichlet tessellation (1980) Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 87, pp. 151-155; Snell, S.E., Gopal, S., Kaufmann, R.K., Spatial interpolation of surface air temperature using artificial neural networks: Evaluating their use fordownscaling GCMS (2000) Journal of Climate, 13, pp. 886-895; Wilks, D.S., Shen, K.W., Threshold relative humidity duration forecasts for plant disease prediction (1991) Journal of Applied Meteorology, 30, pp. 463-477 PY - 2008 SP - 292-295 ST - Spatial interpolation of daily humidity using natural neighbours over mountain areas in South Eastern Australia T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Spatial interpolation of daily humidity using natural neighbours over mountain areas in South Eastern Australia UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749107498&partnerID=40&md5=3f1622795de355aa2f9ef94dcd07e4a6 VL - 61 ID - 479 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two decision support systems (DSS) have been developed to assess (a) the threat of introduced conifer (wilding) spread from new plantings and (b) the risk of wildings establishing at any particular site. Scores (0-4) are given for risk factors related to the species involved, their spreading vigour (includes seedling growth rate, age of coning, seed production and seed weight), palatability, siting of the parent seed trees, and vegetation cover and land use, particularly downwind of the seed source. The maximum possible score is 20, and scores above 12 (DSSa) and 14 (DSSb) indicate high levels of risk. The two DSSs can be used by land managers to quickly assess the likely risk of wilding spread, and to test how they might lower the risk by changing input factors. In this way, spread risk can be mitigated or avoided by good decision-making prior to unwanted wilding spread occurring. AU - Ledgard, N. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Benecke, U., The weed potential of lodgepole pine (1967) Review 13, Journal of the New Zealand Mountain Lands Institute, pp. 36-43. , Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand. Pp; Bowman RG 2004. Responsibilities of local government in wilding control management. In: Hill, RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed. Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand - present and future. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand [ISBN 0-478-10842-7]. Pp. 45-53; Cattaneo, M., (2002) Effects of microsite characteristics, competition and grazing on Pinus contorta and Pseudotsuga menziesii seedling estalishment, , M.Sc. thesis, School of Forestry, University of Canterbury. 154 pp; Crozier ER, Ledgard NJ 1990. Palatability of wilding conifers and control by simulated sheep browsing. In: Bassett C, Whitehouse LJ, Zabkievicz JA ed. Alternatives to the chemical control of weeds. Proceedings of International Conference, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand, 25-27 July 1989. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 155. Pp. 139-143; Davis, M.R., Grace, L.J., Horrell, R.F., Conifer establishment in the South Island high country: Influence of mycorrhizal inoculation, competition removal, fertiliser application, and animal exclusion during seedling establishment (1996) New Zealand Journal of Forest Science, 3, pp. 380-394; Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand -present and future (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand [ISBN 0-478-10842-7], , Hill, RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed, 126pp; Ledgard NJ, Ecroyd CE 1988. Introduced forest trees in New Zealand: recognition, role and seed source. 4. Pinus mugo Turra-dwarf mountain pine; Pinus uncinata Mirbel-mountain pine. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 124, P.O. Box 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. 10 pp; Ledgard, N.J., A form for assessing the risk of conifer spread in the South Island high country (1994) New Zealand Forestry, 39 (1), pp. 26-27; Ledgard, N.J., Langer, E.R., (1999) Wilding prevention-guidelines for minimising the risk of unwanted spread from new plantings of introduced conifers, , Forest Research, Box 29237, Fendalton, Christchurch. 21 pp; Ledgard, N.J., The spread of Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta, Dougl.) in New Zealand (2001) Journal of Forest Ecology and Management, 141, pp. 43-57; Ledgard NJ 2004. Wilding conifers-New Zealand history and research background. In: Hill, RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed. Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand -present and future.. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand [ISBN 0-478-10842-7]. Pp. 1-25; Ledgard, N.J., Determining the effect of increasing vegetation competition through fertiliser use on the establishment of wildings in unimproved high country grassland (2006) New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 51 (3), pp. 29-34; Ledgard NJ 2006b. Douglas-fir wilding spread and mitigation of risk. New Zealand Douglas-fir Research Cooperative Report No 50.25 pp; Ledgard NJ, Baker GC 1988. Mountainland forestry-30 year's research in the Craigieburn Range, New Zealand. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Bulletin No 146.64 pp; Ledgard, N., Norton, D., The impact of browsing on wilding conifers in the South Island high country (2008) New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 52 (4), pp. 29-34; Miller JT, Ecroyd CE 1987. Introduced forest trees in New Zealand: recognition, role and seed source. 1. Pinus contorta Loudon-contorta pine. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 124, P.O. Box 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. 12 pp; Miller JT, Knowles FB 1988. Introduced forest trees in New Zealand: recognition, role and seed source. 3. The larches. Larix decidua Miller; Larix kaemferi (Lambert) Carr., Larix x eurolepis A. Henry. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No. 124, P.O. Box 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. 17 pp; Smith, W.W., Plants naturalised in the county of Ashburton (1903) Transactions of the Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 36, pp. 203-225. , Pp; Woods DC 2004. The highs and lows of conifer control operations: the good, the bad and the ugly. In: Hill, RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed. Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand-present and future. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand [ISBN 0-478-10842-7]. Pp. 55-63UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749083145&partnerID=40&md5=7b33c8e28d4a45bd87212a2d7f897bcd PY - 2008 SP - 91-97 ST - Assessing risk of the natural regeneration of introduced conifers, or wilding spread T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Assessing risk of the natural regeneration of introduced conifers, or wilding spread VL - 61 ID - 452 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The invasion of a high country grassland site (850 m asl) by lodgepole or contorta pine (Pinus conforta, Dougl.) wildings was monitored over 32 years in the Craigieburn Range, Canterbury. The first wildings appeared in 1975. By 1985, density had reached 34,550 stems/ha, with a mean height of 1.85 m and a basal area of 17 m2/ha. By 2007, stocking had dropped to 11,400 stems/ha, with a mean top height of 14.3 m and a basal area of 104 m2/ha. Thirty-eight plant species were present 10 years after wilding invasion started. Twenty-six species (68%) were indigenous. By 2007, the number of species present had dropped to seven, none of which were indigenous. The introduced tussock hawkweed (Hieracium lepidulum) featured in both assessments. It was concluded that more species are likely to invade as the canopy opens up, but if native species are wanted they may have to be introduced by artificial seeding. AU - Ledgard, N. J. AU - Paul, T. S. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allen RB, Rose AB, Evans, GR 1983. Grassland survey manual: A permanent plot method. Forest Research Institute. Forest Research Institute Bulletin No 43.71 pp; Allen, R., Platt, K., Wiser, S., Biodiversity in New Zealand plantations (1995) New Zealand Forestry, 39 (4), pp. 26-29; Brockerhoff, E.G., Ecroyd, E.C., Leckie, A.C., Kimberley, M.O., Diversity and succession of adventive and indigenous vascular understorey plants in Pinus radiata plantation forests in New Zealand (2003) Journal of Forest Ecology and Management, 185, pp. 307-326; Henry, J.E., The development of native vegetation on pumice country, and its relationship with exotic pine forest (1954) New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 7, pp. 79-82; Hewitt, A.E., New Zealand Soil Classification (1992) Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Land Resources Scientific Report, , No 19. 133 pp; Hunter, G.G., Douglas, M.H., Spread of exotic conifers on South Island rangelands (1984) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 29 (1), pp. 78-96; Ledgard, N.J., The spread of introduced trees in New Zealand's rangelands-South Island high country experience (1988) Tussock Grasslands and Mountain Lands Institute Review, 44, pp. 1-7; Ledgard, N.J., The spread of Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta, Dougl.) in New Zealand (2001) Journal of Forest Ecology and Management, 141, pp. 43-57; Ledgard, N.J., The spread of Douglas-fir into native forests (2002) New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 47 (2), pp. 36-38; Ledgard NJ 2004. Wilding conifers-New Zealand history and research background. In: Hill, RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed. Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand-present and future. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand [ISBN 0-478-10842-7]. Pp. 1-25; Ledgard NJ, Baker GC 1988. Mountainland forestry-30 year's research in the Craigeiburn Range, New Zealand. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Bulletin No 146.64 pp; Lotan, J.E., Perry, D.A., (1983) Ecology and regeneration of Lodgepole pine, (606). , United States Department of Agriculture Handbook, 51 pp; McQueen, D.R., Indigenous-induced vegetation and Pinus radiata on volcanic ash soils (1961) New Zealand Ecological Society Proceedings, 8, pp. 1-14. , Pp; McQueen, D.R., A review of the interaction between naturalised woody plants and indigenous vegetation in New Zealand (1993) Tuatara, 32, pp. 32-49; General survey of the soils of the South Island, New Zealand (1968) Soil Bureau Bulletin, 27. , New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 404 pp; Ogden, J., Braggins, J., Stretton, K., Andersen, S., Plant species richness under Pinus radiata stands on the central N. Island volcanic plateau, New Zealand (1997) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 21, pp. 17-19; O'Hara, K.L., The historical development of uneven-aged silviculture in North America (2002) Forestry, 75 (4), pp. 339-346; Wardle, J., The New Zealand beeches-ecology, utilisation and management (1984) New Zealand Forest Service, Caxton Press, Christchurch [ISBN 0-477-05753-5], , 447 pp; Wiser, S.K., Allen, R.B., Clinton, P.W., Platt, K.H., Community structure and forest invasion by an exotic herb over 23 years (1998) Ecology, 79 (6), pp. 2071-2081 PY - 2008 SP - 98-104 ST - Vegetation successions over 30 years of high country grassland invasion by Pinus contorta T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Vegetation successions over 30 years of high country grassland invasion by Pinus contorta UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749105439&partnerID=40&md5=0c9c3b43d5acff43fe23daf0891ac2a8 VL - 61 ID - 441 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A previously-developed model for a nassella tussock (Nassella trichotoma) population suggests that 97% of the seeds produced do not enter the soil seed bank. To determine the extent to which seeds are lost from the soil surface, an experiment was conducted over 1 year at three sites in North Canterbury pastures. In January 2007, soil cores with intact pasture in open-topped containers were buried to ground level at each of the sites. Three treatments (no seed, 25 awned or 25 de-awned seeds scattered onto the core surface) were applied. The number of intact seeds recovered by monthly exhumation of cores declined linearly and at an average rate of 48% over the year. Assuming the model is correct this rate of loss implies that only 5% of the seeds produced reach the soil surface and that 95% are therefore lost before deposition through wind dispersal or through pre-dispersal predation. AU - Lusk, C. S. AU - Lamoureaux, S. L. AU - Hurrell, G. A. AU - Bourdôt, G. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bourdôt, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Eradication of nassella tussock (Nassella trichotoma), an unlikely outcome of grubbing (1992) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 35, pp. 245-252; Caswell, H., (2001) Matrix Population Models: Construction, analysis and interpretation, , 2nd ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, USA. 722 pp; ECan 2005. Canterbury Regional Pest Management Strategy 2005-2015, , http://www.ecan.govt.nz/Plans+and+Reports/pestAndWeeds/RPMS+2005.htm, retrieved 30 April 2008; Jansen, P., Ison, R.L., Factors contributing to the loss of seed from the seed-bank of Trifolium balansae and Trifolium resupinatum over summer (1995) Australian Journal of Ecology, 20, pp. 248-256; Joubert, D.C., Small, J.G.C., Seed germination and dormancy of Stipa trichotoma (nassella tussock). Part 1. Effect of dehulling, constant temperatures, light, oxygen, activated charcoal and storage (1982) South African Journal of Botany, 1, pp. 142-146; Lamoureaux, S., Bourdôt, G.W., Nassella tussock management in New Zealand (1999) 12th Australian Weeds Conference, pp. 16-19. , Pp; Lamoureaux, S.L., Bourdôt, G.W., Verkaaik, M.L., Outsmarting nassella tussock-answers to common questions based on recent research findings (2006) 15th Australian Weeds Conference, pp. 883-885. , Preston C, Watts J, Crossman N ed, Pp; Leonard, W.F., Nassella Tussock (1956) Proceedings of the 9th New Zealand Weed Control Conference, pp. 29-35. , Pp; (2008) Marlborough District 2007 Regional Pest Management Strategy (RPMS), , http://www.marlborough.govt.nz/enviromonitoring/biosecurity.cfm, MDC, retrieved 30 April 2008; Tetrazolium Testing Handbook (2000) Contribution, (29). , http://www.aosaseed.com/TZwebsite/TZupdateindex.html, Peters J ed, to the handbook on seed testing, retrieved March 2007; Smith, L.P., Lamoureaux, S.L., When science meets policy-nassella tussock in New Zealand as a case study (2006) 15th Australian Weeds Conference, pp. 450-453. , Pp; Taylor NJ 1987. Ecological aspects of nassella tussock (Stipa trichotoma) Botany Division, Department of Science and Industrial Research, No. 608.76 ppUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749107772&partnerID=40&md5=c12a7a8603163ae05de30c850feaafeb PY - 2008 SP - 111-115 ST - Estimating the fate of seeds in a Nassella trichotoma population T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Estimating the fate of seeds in a Nassella trichotoma population VL - 61 ID - 474 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Locusta migratoria L. is a recognised global pest that feeds on a wide range of graminaceous crops and pasture. The activity of the novel entomopathogenic bacterium Yersinia sp. (MH96) against L. migratoria was investigated in the laboratory. Locusta migratoria were allowed to feed on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) carrying Y sp. residues, and mortality was observed daily for 5 days. At constant temperatures of either 23.5 or 37°C, Y. sp. caused 100% mortality of 1st instar L. migratoria after 72 h. At constant temperatures of 23.5°C, mortality amongst 2nd-3 rd instar L. migratoria after 48 h was ca 34%, rising to 100% mortality after 5 days. When 3rd instar L. migratoria were exposed to Y. sp. cultured at either 25°C or 37°C, mortality was higher in individuals maintained at 23.5°C compared to 37°C. This result was attributed to the phenology of the bacterium at elevated temperatures. These initial studies indicate that Y. sp. has promise as a biopesticide against L. migratoria, especially against early instars. AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Hurst, M. R. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (1982) The locust and grasshopper agricultural manual, , Centre for Overseas Pest Research, London. 690 pp. Anon; (2006) Australian Plague Locust Commission (APLC), pp. 2006-2010. , www.daff.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0003/146811/researchstrategy2006.pdf, APLC Research Strategy, accessed 25 Feb 2008, Anon; Barrientos-Lozano, L., Hernández-Velazquez, V.M., Milner, R.J., Hunter, D.M., Advances in biological control of locusts and grasshoppers in Mexico (2002) Journal of Orthoptera Research, 11, pp. 77-82; Blanford, S., Thomas, M.B., Host thermal biology: The key to understanding host-pathogen interactions and microbial pest control? (1999) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 1, pp. 195-202; Blanford, S., Thomas, M.B., Thermal behavior of two acridid species: Effects of habitat and season on body temperature and the potential impact on biocontrol with pathogens (2000) Environmental Entomology, 29, pp. 1060-1069; Bowling, R.D., Higgins, R.A., Ahmad, A., Wilde, G., Feeding behavior and growth of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae on Bacillus thuringiensis-treated (Dipel 4L) and untreated meridic diet (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 1221-1228; Chester, B., Stotzky, G., Temperature-dependent cultural and biochemical characteristics of rhamnose-positive Yersinia enterocolitica (1976) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 3, pp. 119-127; Elliot, S.L., Blanford, S., Horton, C.M., Thomas, M.B., Fever and phenotype: Transgenerational effect of disease on desert locust phase state (2003) Ecology Letters, 6, pp. 830-836; Gardner, S.N., Thomas, M., Costs and benefits of fighting infection in locusts (2002) Evolutionary Ecology Research, 4, pp. 109-131; Hunter, D.M., Milner, R.J., Scanlan, J.C., Spurgin, P.A., Aerial treatment of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (L.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) in Australia - Hyphomycetes conidia in an oil formulation applied under desert conditions (1999) Crop Protection, 18, pp. 699-704; Hunter, D.M., Milner, R.J., Spurgin, P.A., Aerial treatment of the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) (2001) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 91, pp. 93-99; Hurst, M.R.H., Glare, T.R., Novel bacteria and uses thereof (2006), Patent no. PCT/ NZ2007/000146. Australia; Hurst, M.R.H., Binglin, T., Jackson, T.A., Use of green fluorescent protein to monitor the pathology of a unique Yersinia sp. able to kill many insect species within 72 hours (2007) Fortieth Annual Meeting of the Society of Invertebrate Pathology, , Quebec City, Canada, 12-16 August; Lecoq, M., Recent progress in dessert and migratory locust management in Africa: Are preventative actions possible? (2001) Journal of Orthoptera Research, 10, pp. 277-291; Logue, C.M., Sheridan, J.J., McDowell, D.A., Blair, I.S., Hegarty, T., The effect of temperature and selective agents on the growth of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 in pure culture (2000) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88, pp. 1001-1008; Long, Z., Hunter, D.M., Laboratory and field trials of Green Guard® (Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum) (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against the oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in China (2005) Journal of Orthoptera Research, 14, pp. 27-30; Lomer, C.J., Bateman, R.P., Johnson, D.L., Langewald, J., Thomas, M., Biological control of locusts and grasshoppers (2001) Annual Review of Entomology, 46, pp. 667-702; McCullagh, P., Neider, J.A., (1983) Generalized Linear Models, , Chapman & Hall. London; Milner, R.J., Hunter, D.M., Recent development in the use of fungi as biopesticides against locusts and grasshoppers in Australia (2001) Journal of Orthoptera Research, 10, pp. 271-276; Ouedraoga, R.M., Goettel, M.S., Brodeur, J., Behavioural thermoregulation in the migratory locust: A therapy to overcome fungal infection (2004) Oecologia (Berlin), 138, pp. 312-319; Scanlan, J.C., Grant, W.E., Hunter, D.M., Milner, R.J., Habitat and environmental factors influencing the control of migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria) with an entomopathogenic fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae) (2001) Ecological Modelling, 136, pp. 223-236; Tounou AK 2007. The potential of Paranosema (Nosema) locustae (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) and its combination with Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) for the control of locusts and grasshoppers in West Africa. PhD thesis, Leibniz University of Hanover, Germany. 126 ppUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749095693&partnerID=40&md5=40833740c0d86041fb62f0cb21628f09 PY - 2008 SP - 236-242 ST - Yersinia sp. (MH96) - A potential biopesticide of migratory locust Locusta migratoria L T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Yersinia sp. (MH96) - A potential biopesticide of migratory locust Locusta migratoria L VL - 61 ID - 487 ER - TY - JOUR AB - CAA fungicides are currently represented in New Zealand by the three active ingredients, dimethomorph, iprovalicarb and mandipropamid. They are currently registered in New Zealand for use against oomycete fungi in grapes, onions, potatoes and lettuce. These fungicides are considered to have low to medium risk of resistance development and resistance management is recommended by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) in Europe. Guidelines are presented for fungicide use that will avoid or delay the development of resistance to CAA fungicides. AU - Moore, M. S. AU - Follas, G. B. AU - Hagerty, G. G. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Albert, G., Curtze, J., Drandarevski, C.A., Dimethomorph (CME 151), a novel curative fungicide (1988) Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Pests and Diseases, 1, pp. 17-24; Beresford, R.M., Dimethomorph management strategy (2005) Pesticide resistance: Prevention and management strategies 2005, pp. 19-20. , Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington KC ed, New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc, Hastings, New Zealand. Pp; Beresford, R., Cromey, M., Grbavac, N., Smith B1996. Morpholine resistance management strategy, pp. 142-143. , ed. Pesticide resistance: prevention and management. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Rotorua, New Zealand. Pp; Bissbort, S., Schlosser, E., Sensitivity of Plasmopara viticola to dimethorph (1991) Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 56. , 2b, 559-568; Cohen, Y., Rubin, E., Hadad, T., Gotlieb, D., Sierotzki, H., Gisi, U., Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans to mandipropamid and the effect of enforced selection pressure in the field (2007) Plant Pathology, 56, pp. 836-842; Dereviagina, M.K., Elansky, S.N., Diakov, Y.T., Resistance of Phytophthora infestans to the dimethorph fungicide (1999) Mikologiya Fitopatologiya, 33 (3), pp. 208-213; Gisi, U., Waldner, M., Kraus, N., Dubuis, H., Sierotzki, H., Inheritance of resistance to carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides in Plasmopara viticola (2007) Plant Pathology, 56, pp. 199-208; Jensen CB, Lundsgaard J 1999. ACROBAT R WG-a new fungicide against downy mildew in onions and late blight in potatoes. 16th Danish Plant Protection Conference. Crop protection in organic farming. Pests and diseases. DJF Rapport, Markbrug 10: 213-225; Young, D.H., Spiewak, S.L., Slawecki, R.A., Laboratory studies to assess the risk of development of resistance to zoxamide (2001) Pest Management Science, 57 (11), pp. 1081-1087 PY - 2008 SP - 134-136 ST - Carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide resistance prevention strategy T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide resistance prevention strategy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749083535&partnerID=40&md5=700ef28dfebe66d74c6c02dbc7ea276a VL - 61 ID - 454 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nitrogen is an important macro-nutrient for grapevines, influencing a number of metabolic pathways and plant structures. This review provides a summary of some direct and indirect effects of nitrogen fertilisation on bunch rot incidence in the field. Direct changes due to increased nitrogen nutrition include greater thickness of the wax on berry surfaces and increased concentrations of the biochemical defence compounds produced in them. Indirect changes that result from increased nitrogen include development of tighter bunches and denser canopies. As integrated management systems become more complex, a better understanding of different components such as nitrogen nutrition is required, to allow vineyard managers to make informed decisions on how potential changes to current practices may influence disease and berry quality parameters. AU - Mundy, D. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agnew, R., Mundy, D., Balasubramaniam, R., Effects of spraying strategies based on monitored disease risk on grape diseases control and fungicide usage in Marlborough (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 30-36; Agnew, R., Mundy, D., Spiers, M., (2002) Mulch for sustainable production. HortResearch, , Blenheim. 48 pp; Bell, S.J., Henschke, P.A., Implications of nitrogen nutrition for grapes, fermentation and wine (2005) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 11 (3), pp. 242-295; Christensen, L.P., Bianchi, M.L., Peacock, W.L., Hirschfelt, D.J., Effect of nitrogen fertiliser timing and rate on inorganic nitrogen status, fruit composition, and yield of grapevines (1994) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 45 (4), pp. 377-387; Commenil, P., Brunei, L., Audran, J.-C., The development of the grape berry cuticle in relation to susceptibility to bunch rot disease (1997) Journal of Experimental Botany, 48 (313), pp. 1599-1607; Dawson, P., Growing great reds, Australian reds - how do they do it? (2001) Presentation to Romeo Bragato Conference, Napier Municipal Theatre, Hawke's Bay; Elmer, P.A.G., Michailides, T.J., Epidemiology of Botrytis cinerea in orchard and vine crops (2004) Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control, pp. 243-272. , Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N ed, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Pp; Goldspink B-H, Frayne B 1996. The effect of nutrients on vine performance, juice parameters and fermentation characteristics. In: Goldspink B-H, Howes KM ed. Fertilisers for wine grapes - an information package to promote efficient fertiliser practices. Agriculture Western Australia, Mildura. 12 pp; Gubler, W.D., Marois, J.J., Bledsoe, A.M., Bettiga, L.J., Control of Botrytis bunch rot of grape with canopy management (1987) Plant Disease, 71 (7), pp. 599-601; Hill, G., Stell waag-Kittler, F., Huth, G., Schlosser, E., Resistance of grapes in different developmental stages to Botrytis cinerea (1981) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 328-338; Holz, G., Coertze, S., Williamson, B., The ecology of Botrytis on plant surfaces (2004) Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control, , Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N ed, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht; Huber DM, Thompson IA 2007. Nitrogen and plant disease. In: Datnoff LE, Elmer WH. Huber DM ed. Mineral nutrition and plant disease. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Pp. 31-44; Keller, M., Arnink, K.J., Hrazdina, G., Interaction of nitrogen availability during bloom and light intensity during veraison. I. Effects on grapevine growth, fruit development, and ripening (1998) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 49 (3), pp. 333-340; Keller, M., Hrazdina, G., Interaction of nitrogen availability during bloom and light intensity during veraison. II. Effects on anthocyanin and phenolic development during grape ripening (1998) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 49 (3), pp. 341-349; Keller, M., Kummer, M., Vasconcelos, M.C., Reproductive growth of grapevines in response to nitrogen supply and rootstock (2001) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 7, pp. 12-18; Keller, M., Steel, C.C., Creasy, G.L., Stilbene accumulation in grapevine tissues: Developmental and environmental effects (2000) Acta Horticulturae, 514, pp. 275-286; Mundy, D.C., Agnew, R.H., Effects of mulching with vineyard and winery waste on soil fungi and Botrytis bunch rot in Marlborough vineyards (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 135-138; Mundy, D.C., Beresford, R.M., Susceptibility of grapes to Botrytis cinerea in relation to berry nitrogen and sugar concentration (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 123-127; R'Houma, A., Cherif, M., Boubaker, A., Effect of nitrogen fertilization, green pruning and fungicide treatments on Botrytis bunch rot of grapes (1998) Journal of Plant Pathology, 80 (2), pp. 115-124; Rogiers, S.Y., Greer, L., Weckert, M., Steel, C., Schmidtke, L., Holzapfel, B.P., Agricultural spray adjuvants: Effects on grape berry wax, berry microflora and subsequent botrytis infection (2003) The Australian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker, pp. 19-21. , Pp; Rogiers, S.Y., Whitelaw-Weckert, M., Radovanonic-Tesic, M., Greer, L.A., White, R.G., Steel, C.C., Effects of spray adjuvants on grape (Vitis vinifera) berry microflora, epicuticular wax and susceptibility to infection by Botrytis cinerea (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34 (2), pp. 221-228; Smart, R., Robinson, M., (1991) Sunlight into Wine: A Handbook for Winegrape Canopy Management, , Winetitles, Adelaide. 88 pp; Snoeijers, S.S., Perez-Garcia, A., Joosten, M.H.A.J., De Wit, P.J.G.M., The effect of nitrogen on disease development and gene expression in bacterial and fungal plant pathogens (2000) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 106, pp. 493-506; Spayd, S.E., Nagel, C.W., Edwards, C.G., Yeast growth in Riesling juice as affected by vineyard nitrogen fertilisation (1995) American Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 46 (1), pp. 49-55; Spayd, S.E., Wample, R.L., Stevens, R.G., Evans, R.G., Kawakami, A.K., Nitrogen fertilisation of white Riesling in Washington: Effects on petiole nutrient concentration, yield, yield components, and vegetative growth (1993) American Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 44 (4), pp. 378-386; Spayd, S.E., Wample, R.L., Stevens, R.G., Evans, R.G., Seymour, B.J., Nagel, C.W., Nitrogen fertilisation of white Riesling grapes in Washington. Must and wine composition (1994) American Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 45 (1), pp. 34-42; van Kan, J.A.L., Licensed to kill: The lifestyle of a necrotropic plant pathogen (2006) Trends in Plant Science, 11 (5), pp. 247-253 PY - 2008 SP - 306-310 ST - A review of the direct and indirect effects of nitrogen on botrytis bunch rot in wine grapes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A review of the direct and indirect effects of nitrogen on botrytis bunch rot in wine grapes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749099855&partnerID=40&md5=49b3f8ec74559de32ba847139f6be798 VL - 61 ID - 472 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the 1970s and 1980s two natural enemies of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle, Paropsis charybdis, an invasive pest from Australia, were established in New Zealand. Cleobora mellyi (Coccinellidae) remained localised to the Marlborough Sounds but Enoggera nassaui (Pteromalidae) showed a significant impact and spread throughout the country. A self-introduced hyperparasitoid Baeoanusia albifunicle (Encyrtidae) has recently disrupted the biological control of P. charybdis by E. nassaui. Another self-introduced parasitoid Neopolycystus insectifurax (Pteromalidae) has also appeared. As the distributions of the three parasitoids and C. mellyi throughout the eucalypt growing areas of New Zealand were largely unknown, historical records were reviewed and a field survey of selected areas was carried out. The three parasitoids are widely distributed, and despite some recent inundative releases of C. mellyi, it does not appear to have established in other geographical areas yet. The effectiveness of the biocontrol agents against P. charybdis will be the focus of future research. AU - Murray, T. J. AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Mansfield, S. AU - Bain, J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bain J, Kay MK 1989. Paropsis charybdis Stål, eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) In: Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed. A review of biological control of invertebrate pests and weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987. CAB International Technical Communication No. 10 and DSIR, Oxon, UK. Pp. 281-287; Bain, J., Singh, P., Ashby, M.D., van Boven, R.J., Laboratory rearing of the predatory coccinellid Cleobora mellyi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) for the biological control of Paropsis charybdis (Col: Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand (1984) Entomophaga, 29 (2), pp. 237-244; Bashford, R., Predation by ladybird beetles (coccinellids) on immature stages of the Eucalyptus leaf beetle Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Olivier) (1999) Tasforests, 11, pp. 77-86; Berry, J.A., Neopolycystus insectifurax Girault (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is established in New Zealand, but how did it get here? (2003) New Zealand Entomologist, 26, pp. 113-114; Brown, I., (2007) L06-002 Final Report, , http://www.maf.govt.nz/sff/about-projects/search/L06-002/final-report.htm#P4_1273, accessed 10 April 2008; Crosby, T.K., Dugdale, J.S., Watt, J.C., Area codes for recording specimens' localities in the New Zealand subregion (1998) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 25, pp. 175-183; Cumpston, D.M., Observations on the bionomics and morphology of seven species of the tribe Paropsini (Chrysomelidae) (1939) Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, pp. 353-366; Jones, D.C., Withers, T.M., The seasonal abundance of the newly established parasitoid complex of the Eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Paropsis charybdis) (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 51-55; Kay, M.K., Success with biological control of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle (1990) Paropsis charybdis, (184). , What's New in Forest Research, 4 pp; Lembke CA 1977. N.Z. Forest Products Limited turns to eucalypt. Australian Forest Industries Journal 43(7): 26-31; Murphy, B., New insect threatens control of Eucalyptus tortoise beetle (2002) Forest Health News, p. 117. , 2 pp; Murphy, B.D., Kay, M.K., Allen, G.R., Detection of a Tasmanian strain of the biological control agent Enoggera nassaui Girault (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) using mitochondrial COI (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 252-256; Nicholas, I., Hay, E., Selection of special-purpose timbers: Effect of pests and diseases (1990) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 20 (3), pp. 279-289; Pryor, L.D., Johnson, L.A.S., (1971) A classification of the eucalypts, , The Australian National University. 102 pp; Satchell, D., Cleobora alive and well in the South Island (2004) Forest Health News, p. 140. , 2 pp; Tribe, G.D., Cillié, J.J., Biological control of Eucalyptus-defoliating Australian tortoise beetle Trachymela tincticollis (Blackburn) (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae: Chrysomelini: Paropsina) in South Africa by the egg parasitoid Enoggera reticulata Naumann (Hymenoptera: Pteromelidae: Asaphinae) (2000) African Entomology, 8 (1), pp. 15-22; Wilcox, M.D., Genetic improvement of eucalypts in New Zealand (1980) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 10 (2), pp. 343-359; Withers, T.M., Colonization of Eucalyptus in New Zealand by Australian insects (2001) Austral Ecology, 26, pp. 467-476 PY - 2008 SP - 185-190 ST - Distribution and current status of natural enemies of Paropsis charybdis in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Distribution and current status of natural enemies of Paropsis charybdis in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749098427&partnerID=40&md5=1d8c10f15d176454c077fa25522474d2 VL - 61 ID - 446 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The larvae of New Zealand grass grub are economically important subterranean pests of pastures. Some endophyte-infected meadow fescues contain loline alkaloids in the roots, which can protect the plant from insect attack. Loline concentrations in the roots of meadow fescue ecotypes in autumn were similar to concentrations in shoots of the same line. Loline concentrations in the roots of the meadow fescue ecotypes exposed to grass grub were significantly higher (P<0.001) while concentrations in the crown were lower (P<0.05) than plants of the same ecotypes that were not exposed to grass grub. These results demonstrated that loline alkaloids produced by endophyte-infected meadow fescue can occur in roots at high concentrations (up to 1725 μg/g), an increase of up to 40% in some lines due to grass grub attack. AU - Patchett, B. J. AU - Chapman, R. B. AU - Fletcher, L. R. AU - Gooneratne, S. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :18 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bacon, C.W., White, J.F., Stains, media, and procedures for analysing endophytes (1994) Biotechnology of endophytic fungi of grasses, pp. 47-56. , Bacon CW, White JF ed, CRC Press, Baco Raton, Florida, USA. Pp; Blankenship, J.D., Spiering, M.J., Wilkinson, H.H., Fannin, F.F., Bush, L.P., Schardl, C.L., Production of loline alkaloids by the grass endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum, in defined media (2001) Phytochemistry, 58, pp. 395-401; Bultman, T.L., Ganey, D.T., Induced resistance to fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) mediated by a fungal endophyte (1995) Environmental Entomology, 24, pp. 1196-1200; Bush, L.P., Fannin, F.F., Siegel, M.R., Dahlman, D.L., Burton, H.R., Chemistry, occurrence and biological effects of saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids associated with endophytegrass interactions (1993) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 44, pp. 81-102; Bush, L.P., Wilkinson, H.H., Schardl, C.L., Bioprotective alkaloids of grass-fungal endophyte symbioses (1997) Plant Physiology, 114, pp. 1-7; Dahlman, D.L., Eichenseer, P.A., Siegel, M.R., Chemical perspectives on endophyegrass interactions and their implications to insect herbivory (1991) Microbial mediation of plant herbivore interactions, pp. 227-252. , Barbosa P ed, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Pp; Fletcher, L.R., Popay, A.J., Stewart, A.V., Tapper, B.A., Herbage and sheep production from meadow fescue with and without the endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum (2000) Proceedings of the 4th International Neotyphodium/grass Interactions Symposium. Universitat Paderborn, Soest, pp. 447-453. , Paul VH, Dapprich PD ed, Germany. Pp; Gonthier, D.J., Sullivan, T.J., Brown, K.L., Wurtzel, B., Lawal, R., VandenOever, K., Buchan, Z., Bultman, T.L., Stroma-forming endophyte Epichloe glyceriae provides wound-inducible herbivore resistance to its grass host (2008) Oikos, 117, pp. 629-633; Justus, M., Witte, L., Hartmann, T., Levels and tissue distribution of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis (1997) Phytochemistry, 44, pp. 51-57; Petroski, R.J., Yates, S.G., Weisleder, D., Powell, R.G., Isolation, semisynthesis and NMR spectral studies of loline alkaloids (1989) Journal of Natural Products, 52, pp. 810-817; Popay, A.J., Townsend, R.J., Fletcher, L.R., The effect of endophyte (Neotyphopdium uncinatum) in meadow fescue on grass grub larvae (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 123-128; Popay, A.J., Lane, G.A., The effect of crude extracts containing loline alkaloids on two New Zealand insect pests (2000) Proceedings of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium. Universitat Paderborn, Soest, pp. 471-476. , Paul VH, Dapprich PD ed, Germany. Pp; Salminen, S.O., Grewal, P.S., Does decreased mowing frequency enhance alkaloid production in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass (2002) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 28, pp. 939-950; Siegel, M.R., Bush, L.P., Importance of endophytes in forage grasses. A statement of problems and selection of endophytes (1994) The Biotechnology of endophytic fungi of grasses, pp. 135-149. , Bacon CW, White JF ed, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. Pp; Sullivan TJ, Bultman TL, Rodstrom J, Vandop J, Librizzi J, Graham C, et al. 2007. Inducible defenses provided by Neotyphodium to Lolium arundinacea and Lolium pratense: an ecological and molecular approach. In: Popay AJ, Thorn ER ed. Fungal endophytes of grasses. Grassland Research and Practice Series No.13.New Zealand Grasslands Association, Dunedin, New Zealand. Pp. 147-149; Yates, S.G., Petroski, R.J., Powell, R.G., Analysis of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue by capillary gas chromatography (1990) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38, pp. 182-185 PY - 2008 SP - 210-214 ST - Root loline concentration in endophyte-infected meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) is increased by grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) attack T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Root loline concentration in endophyte-infected meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) is increased by grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) attack UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749094526&partnerID=40&md5=e071224b4e5014af9838481ac2528833 VL - 61 ID - 450 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Meadow fescue, Festuca pratensis, infected with Neotyphodium uncinatum contains loline alkaloids that may deter attack from pasture insects. In a field experiment conducted in Canterbury, high leaf loline alkaloid concentration reduced damage by Argentine stem weevil (ASW; Listronotus bonariensis) adults to 12 unique endophyte-infected meadow fescue ecotypes at four assessment times (Dec-Apr; R2adj= 48.9, P<0.001 ). In laboratory experiments, ASW adults caused significantly more (P<0.05) feeding damage (number of leaf holes) to nil-endophyte (Fp53) than to endophyte-infected meadow fescue (Fp345). Endophyte-infected Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass 'Bronsyn') sustained least damage. AU - Patchett, B. J. AU - Chapman, R. B. AU - Fletcher, L. R. AU - Gooneratne, S. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Grass host preferences of Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1806-1816; Blankenship, J.D., Spiering, M.J., Wilkinson, H.H., Fannin, F.F., Bush, L.P., Schardl, C.L., Production of loline alkaloids by the grass endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum, in denned media (2001) Phytochemistry, 58, pp. 395-401; Bush, L.P., Fannin, F.F., Siegel, M.R., Dahlman, D.L., Burton, H.R., Chemistry, occurrence and biological effects of saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids associated with endophyte-grass interactions (1993) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 44, pp. 81-102; Davies, E., Lane, G.A., Latch, G.C.M., Tapper, B.A., Garthwaite, I., Towers, N.R., Fletcher, L.R., Pownall, D.B., Alkaloid concentrations in field-grown synthetic perennial ryegrass endophyte associations (1993) Proceedings of the 2nd International symposium on Acremonium/grass interactions, pp. 72-76. , AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Pp; Miles, C.O., di Menna, M.E., Jacobs, S.W.L., Garthwaite, I., Lane, G.A., Prestidge, R.A., Marshall, S.L., Latch, G.C.M., Endophytic fungi in indigenous Australasian grasses associated with toxicity to livestock (1998) Applied Environmental Microbiology, 64, pp. 601-606; Patchett, B.J., (2007) Lohne alkaloids: Analysis and effects on sheep and pasture insects, , PhD thesis. Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand. 179 pp; Petroski, R.J., Yates, S.G., Weisleder, D., Powell, R.G., Isolation, semisynthesis and NMR spectral studies of loline alkaloids (1989) Journal of Natural Products, 52, pp. 810-817; Popay, A.J., Response of black beetle (Heteronychus orator), porina (Wiseana cervinata) and grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) to different endophytes in tall fescue (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Grassland Invertebrate Ecology Conference, pp. 157-163. , Winder LM, Goldson SL ed, AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand. Pp; Popay, A.J., Bonos, S.A., Biotic responses in endophytic grasses (2005) Neotyphodium in cool-season grasses, pp. 163-185. , Roberts CA, West CP, Spiers DE ed, Blackwell Publishing, USA. Pp; Popay, A.J., Jensen, J.G., Cooper, B.M., The effect of non-toxic endophytes in tall fescue on two major insect pests (2005) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association, 67, pp. 169-173; Popay, A.J., Latch, G.C.M., Prospects for utilising endophytes for grass resistance to insect pests in New Zealand (1993) Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Grassland Invertebrate Ecology Conference, pp. 129-155. , AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand. Pp; Prestidge, R.A., Barker, G.M., Pottinger, R.P., The economic cost of Argentine stem weevil in pastures in New Zealand (1991) Proceedings of the 35 th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 165-170. , Pp; Rowan, D.D., Dymock, J.J., Brimble, M.A., Effect of fungal metabolite peramine and analogs on feeding and development of Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) (1990) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 16, pp. 1683-1695; Rowan, D.D., Hunt, M.B., Gaynor, D.L., Peramine, a novel insect feeding deterrent from ryegrass infected with endophyte Acremonium loliae (1986) Journal of the Chemical Society, pp. 935-936. , Chemical Communication; Yates, S.G., Petroski, R.J., Powell, R.G., Analysis of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue by capillary gas chromatography (1990) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38, pp. 182-185 PY - 2008 SP - 205-209 ST - Endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis containing loline alkaloids deters feeding by Listronotus bonariensis T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis containing loline alkaloids deters feeding by Listronotus bonariensis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749094780&partnerID=40&md5=535a765749655a530ce0a415c544c726 VL - 61 ID - 453 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wilding conifers are invading grassland and shrubland ecosystems in the New Zealand high country. The felling of wildings is common practice to control such infestations. This research investigated the effects of felled pines on growth and composition of grassland vegetation at Mt Barker, Canterbury. The vegetation within areas of dead trees, felled in 1998, was compared with open grassland alongside. Adjacent to the dead trees, mean species number/plot was reduced to seven (native 3.7) compared to open grassland (13.4; native 10.9). Mouse-eared hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella) was dominant in the open grassland plots and had very low cover inside the dead-tree plots. Grasses and native shrubs showed enhanced growth in the dead-tree plots. Average plant height was 21.3 cm compared to 5.4 cm in the open grassland plots. It is suggested that novel microsites and additional nutrients from the decaying trees gave a competitive advantage to some plants for a period of time. AU - Paul, T. S. H. AU - Ledgard, N. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ledgard, N.J., Langer, E.R., (1999) Wilding Prevention Guidelines, , NZ Forest Research Institute Ltd, Christchurch. 20 pp; Meurk, C.D., Walker, S., Gibson, R.S., Espie, P., Changes in vegetation states in grazed and ungrazed Mackenzie Basin grasslands, New Zealand, 1990-2000 (2002) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 26 (2), pp. 95-106; Molloy, B.P.J., (1977) The fire history, pp. 157-170. , Burrows CJ ed. Cass. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. Pp; Molloy, B.P.J., Burrows, C.J., Cox, J.E., Johnston, J.A., Wardle, P., Distribution of subfossil forest remains, eastern South Island, New Zealand (1963) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1, pp. 68-77; North H, Ledgard NJ 2005. Modelling wilding conifer spread and control. Report for Environment Canterbury, Scion, Christchurch, New Zealand. 27 pp; O'Connor, K.F., The implications of past exploitation and current developments to the conservation of South Island tussock grasslands (1982) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 5, pp. 97-107; Rose, A.B., Frampton, C.M., Effects of microsite characteristics on Hieracium pilosella seedling establishment in Marlborough tussock grasslands (1999) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 37, pp. 107-118; Rose, A.B., Platt, K.H., Frampton, C.M., Vegetation change over 25 Years in a New Zealand short-tussock grassland: Effects of sheep grazing and exotic invasions (1995) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 19 (2), pp. 163-174 PY - 2008 SP - 105-110 ST - Effect of felled wilding pines on plant growth in high country grasslands T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of felled wilding pines on plant growth in high country grasslands UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749102833&partnerID=40&md5=9fb03f46437c108389bc7cc717869869 VL - 61 ID - 442 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this study the biological and ecological traits of two groups of phytophagous insect pests were examined to determine attributes that may influence establishment in New Zealand. Biological and ecological attributes of a group of insect species that is established in New Zealand were compared with species that are not currently established. It was found that the species established in New Zealand had a significantly wider host plant range than species that have not established. The lower developmental threshold temperature was, on average, 4°C lower for established species compared with non-established species.These data suggest that species that establish well in New Zealand have a wide host range and can tolerate lower temperatures compared with those that have not established. AU - Peacock, L. AU - Worner, S. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Berggren, A., Colonization success in Roesel's bush-cricket Metrioptera roeseli: The effects of propagule size (2001) Ecology, 82 (1), pp. 274-280; Charles, J.G., Henderson, R.C., Catalogue of the exotic armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) in New Zealand (2002) Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 32 (4), pp. 587-615; Cottier, N., Aphids of New Zealand (1953) Bulletin, 106. , New Zealand D.S.I.R, 382 pp; Cox JM 1987. Pseudococcidae (Insecta: Hemiptera). Fauna of New Zealand 11. 230 pp. Crawley MJ 1987.What makes a community invasible? In:Gray AJ, Crawley MJ, Edwards PJ ed. 26th symposium of the British Ecological Society. Colonisation, Succession and Stability. Blackwell Scientific Publishers, London. Pp. 429-453; Dugdale JS 1988. Lepidoptera-annotated catalogue and keys to family and group taxa. Fauna of New Zealand 14.264 pp; Duncan, P.R., Bomford, M., Forsyth, D.M., Conibear, L., High predictability in introduction outcomes and the geographical range size of introduced Australian birds: A role for climate (2001) Journal of Animal Ecology, 70, pp. 621-632; Duncan, R.P., Blackburn, T.M., Sol, D., The ecology of bird introductions (2003) Annual Review of Ecology and Evolution Systematics, 34, pp. 71-98; Ehrlich, P.R., Which animal will invade? (1986) Ecological series, 58, pp. 79-95. , Mooney HA, Drake JA ed, Ecology of biological invasions of North America and Hawaii. Springer-Verlag, New York. Pp; Forys, E.A., Allen, C.R., Biological invasions and deletions: Community change in south Florida (1999) Biological Conservation, 87, pp. 341-347; Gaston, K.J., Lawton, J., Patterns in the distribution and abundance of insect populations (1988) Nature, 331, pp. 709-712. , February; Gevrey, M., Worner, S.P., Kasabov, N., Pitt, J., Giraudel, J.L., Estimating Risk of Events Using SOM Models: A Case Study on invasive species establishment (2006) Ecological Modelling, 197, pp. 361-372; Grevstad, F.S., Experimental invasions using biological control introductions: The influence of release size on the chance of population establishment (1999) Biological Invasions, 1, pp. 313-323; Heie, O.E., Why are there so few aphid species in the temperate areas of the southern hemisphere? (1994) European Journal of Entomology, 91, pp. 127-133; Hodgson, C.J., Henderson, R.C., Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea) (2000) Fauna of New Zealand, (41). , 264 pp; Lattin, J.D., Oman, P., Where are the exotic insect threats? (1983) Exotic plant pests and North American agriculture, pp. 93-137. , Wilson CL, Graham CL ed, Academic Press, New York. Pp; Mack, R.N., Barrett, S.C.H., Defur, P.L., MacDonald, W.L., Madden, L.V., Marshall, D.S., McCullogh, D.G., Tolin, S.A., (2002) Predicting invasions of non-indigenous plants and plant pests, , National Academy Press, Washington D.C. 194 pp; Memmott, J., Fowler, S.V., Hill, R.L., The effect of release size on the probability of establishment of biological control agents: Gorse thrips (Sericothrips siaphylinus) released against gorse (Ulex europaeus) (1998) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 8 (1), pp. 103-115; Memmott, J., Graze, P.G., Harman, H.M., Syrett, P., Fowler, S.V., The effect of propagule size on the invasion of an alien insect (2005) Journal of Animal Ecology, 74, pp. 50-62; Moulton, M.P., Pimm, S.L., (1986) Species Introductions to Hawaii, pp. 231-249. , Mooney HA, Drake JA ed. Ecology of biological invasions of North America and Hawaii. Springer-Verlag, New York. Pp; Mound LA, Walker AK 1982. Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 1.113 pp; Niemela, P., Mattson, W.J., Invasion of North American Forests by European phytophagous insects (1996) Bioscience, 46 (10), pp. 741-753; Peacock, L., (2005) Eco-climatic assessment of the potential establishment of exotic insects in New Zealand, , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand. 203 pp; Rejmanek, M., What makes a species invasive? (1995) Plant invasions general aspects and problems, pp. 3-13. , Pysek P, Prach K, Rejmanek M ed, Academic Publishing, Amsterdam Pp; Rejmanek, M., Richardson, D.M., What attributes make some plant species more invasive (1996) Ecology, 77 (6), pp. 1666-1670; Sailer, R.T., Our immigrant fauna (1978) Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, 24 (1), pp. 3-11; Sailer, R.T., History of Insect Introductions (1983) Exotic plant pests and North American Agriculture, pp. 15-38. , Graham C, Wilson C ed, Academic Press, New York. Pp; Scott, R.R., Emberson, R.M., (1999) Handbook of New Zealand Insect Names, Common and Scientific Names for Allied Organisms, , Entomological Society of New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand. 100 pp; Shaw, P.W., Walker, J.T.S., Biological control of woolly apple aphid by Aphelinus mali (1996) an integrated fruit production programme in Nelson. Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 59-63. , Pp; Simberloff, D., Which insect introductions succeed and which fail (1989) Biological invasions: A global perspective, pp. 61-75. , Drake JA, Mooney HA, Di Castri F, Groves RH, Kruger FJ, Rejmanek M, Williamson M ed, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York. Pp; Teulon, D.A.J., Stufkens, M.A.W., Biosecurity and aphids in New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 12-17; Williamson, M.H., Fitter, A., The characters of successful invaders (1996) Biological Conservation, 78, pp. 163-170; Williamson, M.H., (1996) Biological Invasions, , Chapman & Hall, London. 244 pp; Worner, S.P., Predicting the invasive potential of exotic insects In: Halman G (2002) Invasive arthropods and agriculture: Problems and solutions, pp. 119-137. , Schwabe CP ed, Science Publishers, Inc, Enfield, New Hampshire, USA. Pp; Worner, S.P., Gevrey, M., Modelling global insect species assemblages to determine risk of invasion (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, pp. 858-867 PY - 2008 SP - 1-7 ST - Biological and ecological traits that assist establishment of alien invasive insects T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Biological and ecological traits that assist establishment of alien invasive insects UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749085470&partnerID=40&md5=a926b171fe47547070ebae3d11750cff VL - 61 ID - 500 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study used a molecular technique to identify airborne basidiospores caught using a Spore Watch volumetric spore trap in order to understand the nature of basidiospore dispersal by Armillaria novae-zelandiae. The spore trap was deployed during 3 successive years: year 1 within a mature podocarp-hardwood forest containing fruitbodies of A. novae-zelandiae, year 2 in the open at the edge of the forest, and year 3, 150 m from the forest edge. Results indicated that although a high proportion of Armillaria basidiospores were trapped within the forest by screening and reduced air currents, others escaped and were dispersed beyond the stand edge. Year 1 results showed the presence of A. novae-zelandiae on 63% of days while A. novae-zelandiae was recorded on 11% and 20% of days in years 2 and 3, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the molecular technique that was used indicated that the minimum detectable basidiospore concentration was 1-10 basidiospores/μ1, or about 1 pg/μ1 of DNA. AU - Power, M. W. P. AU - Ramsfield, T. D. AU - Hood, I. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aylor, D.E., Spread of plant disease on a continental scale: Role of aerial dispersal of pathogens (2003) Ecology, 84 (8), pp. 1989-1997; Dettman, J.R., van der Kamp, B.J., The population structure of Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria sinapina in the central interior of British Columbia (2001) Canadian Journal of Botany, 79, pp. 600-611; Hood, I.A., Armillaria root disease in New Zealand forests (1989) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 19, pp. 180-197; Hood, I.A., Homer, I.J., Gardner, J.F., Sandberg, C.J., Armillaria root disease of Pinus radiata in New Zealand: 1. Basidiospore dispersal (2002) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 32, pp. 94-102; Hood, I.A., Kimberley, M.O., Gardner, J.F., Sandberg, C.J., Armillaria root disease of Pinus radiata in New Zealand: 3. Influence of thinning and pruning (2002) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 32, pp. 116-132; Hood, I.A., Petrini, L.E., Gardner, J.F., Colonisation of woody material in Pinus radiata plantations by Armillaria novae-zelandiae basidiospores (2008) Australasian Plant Pathology, 37. , In Press; Hood, I.A., Sandberg, C.J., Occurrence of Armillaria rhizomorph populations in the soil beneath indigenous forests in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand (1987) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 17, pp. 83-99; Kile, G.A., Identification of genotypes and the clonal development of Armillaria luteobubalina Watking & Kile in eucalypt forests (1983) Australian Journal of Botany, 31, pp. 657-671; Kimberley, M.O., Hood, I.A., Gardner, J.F., Armillaria root disease of Pinus radiata in New Zealand: 6. Growth loss (2002) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 32, pp. 148-162; Kullman, B., Tamm, H., Kullman, K., (2005) Fungal Genome Size Database, , http://www.zbi.ee/fungal-genomesize, retrieved 8 May 2008; Nicholls, J., Forest map of New Zealand (1965) Map sheet N77: Tarawera, , Forest Research Institute. New Zealand Forest Service; Rishbeth, J., Stump infection by Armillaria in first-rotation conifers (1988) European Journal of Forest Pathology, 18, pp. 401-408; Stenlid, J., Gustafsson, M., Are rare wood decay fungi threatened by inability to spread? (2001) Ecological Bulletins, 49, pp. 85-91 PY - 2008 SP - 35-40 ST - Detection of Armillaria basidiospore dispersal T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Detection of Armillaria basidiospore dispersal UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749098292&partnerID=40&md5=96d255228e86f5fa961499c9068529df VL - 61 ID - 467 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Three field trials were conducted over two growing seasons to evaluate the efficacy of potential selective post-emergence herbicides against dicamba resistant fathen (Chenopodium album). Results confirmed the presence of the biotype, which tolerated dicamba up to 2400 g/ha, eight times the recommended field rate. Post-emergence applications of bromoxynil, pyridate, nicosulfuron and mesotrione all showed equally good efficacy on both susceptible and resistant biotypes. Flumetsulam provided good control in one of the three trials. Nicosulfuron and mesotrione provided long term residual control in all trials, with nicosulfuron also being more effective on grass weeds. The 2400 g/ha rate of dicamba severely damaged the maize crop, resulting in increased weed cover and reduced grain yield. Numbers of viable fathen seeds in the soil at the end of the growing season remained similar to those recorded before planting, except in plots that provided good control of fathen, where numbers had dropped considerably. AU - Rahman, A. AU - James, T. K. AU - Trolove, M. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trolove, M., Optimal timing for post-emergence applications of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 250-254; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Mellsop, J.M., Fathen (Chenopodium album): A biotype resistant to dicamba (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 152-156; Rahman, A., Resistance of weeds to herbicides in New Zealand (1982) Pesticide Resistance Seminar, pp. 13-36. , Geelen JA, Esson MJ ed, Hawke's Bay Branch of New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society, Hastings, New Zealand. Pp; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Grbavac, N., Potential of weed seedbanks for managing weeds. A Review of Recent New Zealand Research (2001) Weed Biology and Management, 1, pp. 89-95; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Seefeldt, S., The current situation with herbicide resistant weeds in New Zealand (2001) Proceedings of the 18th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 500-508. , Pp; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Mortimer, J., Control of atrazine resistant fathen in maize (1983) Proceedings of the 36th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 229-232. , Pp PY - 2008 SP - 287-291 ST - Chemical control options for the Dicamba resistant biotype of fathen (Chenopodium album) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Chemical control options for the Dicamba resistant biotype of fathen (Chenopodium album) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749083803&partnerID=40&md5=a46a11acf3d2005a4e5a95803196ea1a VL - 61 ID - 501 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Armillaria hinnulea has been recorded from the northwest quadrant of the South Island of New Zealand, Tasmania and Australia. In New Zealand, A. hinnulea is rare, being restricted to decaying wood in South Island Nothofagus forests. A preliminary study of the relationship between the populations of A. hinnulea was performed using DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. Two major ITS clades were observed, each of which included representative sequences from Australian collections. Within one ITS clade, one Australian sequence was 100% identical with the New Zealand isolates while in the other ITS clade eight New Zealand isolates, representing five locations, were 100% identical but the Australian sequence differed by five base substitutions and was in a separate sub-clade. These results suggest at least two introductions of A. hinnulea have occurred, one relatively recently and one in the more distant past. AU - Ramsfield, T. D. AU - Power, M. W. P. AU - Ridley, O. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Coetzee, M.P.A., Wingfield, B.D., Bloomer, P., Ridley, G.S., Kile, G.A., Wingfield, M.J., Phylogenetic relationships of Australian and New Zealand Armillaria species (2001) Mycologia, 93, pp. 887-896; Dettman, J.R., van der Kamp, B.J., The population structure of Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria sinapina in the central interior of British Columbia (2001) Canadian Journal of Botany, 79, pp. 600-611; Dunne, C.P., Glen, M., Tommerup, I.C., Shearer, B.L., Hardy, G.S.J., Sequence variation in the rDNA ITS of Australian Armillaria species and intra-specific variation in A. luteobubalina (2002) Australasian Plant Pathology, 31, pp. 241-251; Gardes, M., Bruns, T.D., ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes -application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts (1993) Molecular Ecology, 2, pp. 113-118; Hood, I.A., Armillaria root disease in New Zealand forests (1989) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 19, pp. 180-197; Kile, G.A., Genotypes of Armillaria hinnulea in wet sclerophyll eucalypt forest in Tasmania (1986) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 87, pp. 312-314; Kile, G.A., Watling, R., Armillaria species from south-eastern Australia (1983) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 81, pp. 129-140; Kile, G.A., Watling, R., Identification and occurrence of Australian Armillaria species, including A. pallidula sp. nov. and comparative studies between them and non-Australian tropical and Indian Armillaria (1988) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 91, pp. 305-315; Maphosa, L., Wingfield, B.D., Coetzee, M.P.A., Mwenje, E., Wingfield, M.J., Phylogenetic relationships among Armillaria species inferred from partial elongation factor 1-alpha DNA sequence data (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 513-520; Shaw CG III, Kile GA 1991. Armillaria root disease. USDA Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 691.233 pp; Smith-White, J.L., Summerell, B.A., Gunn, L.V., Rinzin, C., Porter, C., Burgess, L.W., Molecular detection and differentiation of Australian Armillaria species (2002) Australasian Plant Pathology, 31, pp. 75-79; Sneath, P.H.A., Sokal, R.R., (1973) Numerical Taxonomy, , Freeman, San Francisco; Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24: 1596-1599; Vos, P., Hogers, R., Bleeker, M., Reijans, M., van de Lee, T., Homes, M., Frijters, A., Zabeau, M., AFLP: A new technique for DNA fingerprinting (1995) Nucleic Acids Research, 23, pp. 4407-4414; White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics (1990) PCR Protocols: A guide to methods and applications, pp. 315-322. , Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ ed, Academic Press, San Diego. Pp; Williams, J.G.K., Kubelik, A.R., Livak, K.J., Rafalski, J.A., Tingey, S.V., DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers (1990) Nucleic Acids Research, 18, pp. 6531-6535 PY - 2008 SP - 41-47 ST - A comparison of populations of Armillaria hinnulea in New Zealand and Australia T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A comparison of populations of Armillaria hinnulea in New Zealand and Australia UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749095936&partnerID=40&md5=44044d201a22ab9f252d7008e90272fe VL - 61 ID - 476 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Specific apple replant disease (SARD) impairs the growth and establishment of trees in replanted apple orchards. Apple roots are normally colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which may have beneficial effects on plant growth. Four AMF inoculation treatments (three species of AMF, Glomus mosseae, Acaulospora laevis and Scutellospora calospora, and an uninoculated control) were applied to M26 apple rootstock seedlings in SARD and non-SARD soil. Of the fungi inoculated, S. calospora had the greatest beneficial effect in improving shoot and root dry weight and shoot length in SARD soil. More disease symptoms occurred on main and feeder roots in SARD soil and none of the inoculated AMF fungi reduced these. Both A. laevis and S. calospora significantly increased shoot length and gave a higher percentage of AMF-colonised roots in non-SARD soil. These results showed that AMF improve tolerance of apple to SARD and indicate that the beneficial effect is species specific. Characterisation of endogenous mycorrhizae in the soil identified S. pellucida. This is a new species record for New Zealand and provides the opportunity to determine whether the beneficial effect is specific to the genus Scutellospora. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Kandula, J. AU - Stewart, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Azcón-Aguilar, C., Barea, J.M., Arbuscular mycorrhizas and biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens-an overview of mechanisms involved (1996) Mycorrhiza, 6, pp. 457-464; Brundrett, M., Bougher, N., Dell, B., Grove, T., Malajczuk, N., (1996) Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture, , Australian Centre for Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. 374 pp; Caruso, F.L., Neubauer, B.F., Begin, M.D., A histological study of apple roots affected by replant disease (1989) Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, pp. 742-749; Dodd, J.C., Boddington, C.L., Rodriguez, A., Gonzalez-Chavez, C., Mansur 12000. Mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from different genera: Form, function and detection Plant and Soil, 226, pp. 131-151; Szabó, K., Winkler, H., Petzold, H., Marwitz, R., Evidence for the pathogenicity of actinomycetes in rootlets of apple seedlings from soils conducive to specific apple replant disease (1998) Acta Horticulturae, 477, pp. 55-58; Pearson, J.N., Schweiger, P., Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders associated with subterranean clover produces non-infective hyphae during sporulation (1994) New Phytologist, 127, pp. 697-701 PY - 2008 SP - 48-53 ST - Arbuscular mycorrhiza improve apple rootstock growth in soil conducive to specific apple replant disease T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Arbuscular mycorrhiza improve apple rootstock growth in soil conducive to specific apple replant disease UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749097056&partnerID=40&md5=3b6b3ec9b870043fa070cb80fed0f41d VL - 61 ID - 493 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Platygaster demades is an egg parasitoid of the apple leafcurling midge (ALCM), Dasineura mali. Each P. demades female carries a mean preovipositional load of 1380 ± 263 eggs. Females fed with buckwheat nectar lived a maximum of 10 weeks at 15°C. The age-dependent reproduction of female P. demades was determined by a laboratory experiment at room temperature. ALCM eggs on apple shoots were exposed to 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10-week-old individual P. demades females, and ALCM larvae that emerged from the parasitised eggs were reared on fresh apple shoots and allowed to pupate on a layer of moist soil. The numbers and sex of adult P. demades that emerged from the ALCM pupae were recorded. Older females (8 and 10 weeks old) were able to locate and parasitise host eggs and produced as many offspring as younger females. The implication of the results in terms of the reproductive fitness of P. demades is discussed. AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Chhagan, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Berry JA, Walker JTS 1989. Dasineura pyri (Bouché), pear leafcurling midge and Dasineura mali (Kieffer), apple leafcurling midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). In: Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed. A review of biological control of invertebrate pests and weeds in New Zealand 1874 to 1987, Technical communication, Institute of Biological Control 10, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. Pp. 171-175; Dumbleton, L.J., Further note on pear midge parasite (1935) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 16, pp. 339-341; He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Aestivation in apple leaf-curling midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) parasitoid, Platygaster demades Walker (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 21-24; He, X.Z., Wang, H.Q., Reproductive strategies of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (2008) Biological Control, 45, pp. 281-287; Jacob, S., Boivin, G., Costs and benefits of polyandry in the egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (2005) Biological Control, 32, pp. 311-318; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Charles, J.G., Influence of temperature and flowers on longevity of adult Platygaster demades (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 184-189; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Ramankutty, P., Temperature dependent emergence and survival of Platygaster demades (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), parasitoid of apple leafcurling midge (2007) Biological Control, 42, pp. 41-47; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Lack of synchrony between apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mali) and its parasitoid (2004) Platygaster demades, limits biological control. 12th International Congress of Entomology, , Brisbane, Australia; Todd, D.H., Apreliminary account of Dasyneura mali Kieffer (Cecidomyidae: Dipt.) and an associated hymenopterous parasite in New Zealand (1956) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 37, pp. 462-464; Walker, W.F., Sperm utilization strategies in non-social insects (1980) The American Naturalist, 115, pp. 780-799 PY - 2008 SP - 350-354 ST - Effect of age on the reproductive fitness of Platygaster demades an egg parasitoid of apple leafcurling midge T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of age on the reproductive fitness of Platygaster demades an egg parasitoid of apple leafcurling midge UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749092834&partnerID=40&md5=0117689b389ed188f6a984cbeb75ba77 VL - 61 ID - 489 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The biological control of some key orchard pests achieved within an Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple block was assessed. Insecticide sprays were used to manipulate the numbers of natural enemies. Treatments included applications of the broad-spectrum insecticide carbaryl, a selective insecticide programme (IFP) and a control (no insecticides). Plots treated with carbaryl became heavily infested with woolly apple aphid and European red mite. However, carbaryl sprays did not completely prevent lace wings, ladybirds and the woolly apple aphid parasitoid Aphelinus mali subsequently moving into the plots in response to the high host populations. Numbers of some natural enemies were reduced in the carbaryl treatment and the trees were damaged by mites and woolly apple aphids. The selective and no-insecticide programmes did not disrupt natural enemies and pest levels in trees and fruit were similar and acceptable. AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Batchelor, T.A., Walker, J.T.S., Manktelow, D.W.L., New Zealand integrated fruit production for pipfruit - charting a new course (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Society Conference, pp. 14-19. , Pp; Bradley, S.J., Murrell, V.C., Shaw, P.W., Walker, J.T.S., Effect of orchard pesticides on Aphelinus mali, the woolly apple aphid parasitoid (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Society Conference, pp. 218-222. , Pp; Collyer, E., Integrated control of apple pests in New Zealand 6. Incidence of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and its predators (1976) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 3, pp. 39-50; Shaw, P.W., Bradley, S.J., Walker, J.T.S., The impact of early season insecticides in an integrated fruit production programme on apple (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Society Conference, pp. 283-287. , Pp; Shaw, P.W., Walker, J.T.S., Biological control of woolly apple aphid by Aphelinus mali (1996) an integrated fruit production programme in Nelson. Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Society Conference, pp. 59-63. , Pp; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Rogers, D.J., The impact of early season insecticides on biological control of apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mali) (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 164-167; Suckling, D.M., Burnip, G.M., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., McLaren, G.F., Howard, C.R., Lo, P., Fraser, J., Abundance of leafrollers and their parasitoids on selected host plants in New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26, pp. 193-203; Walker, J.T.S., Baynon, G.T., White, V., Insect control on apples with RH- 5992, a novel insect growth regulator (1991) Proceedings of the 44th New Zealand Plant Protection Society Conference, pp. 66-69. , Pp; Wearing, C.H., Indicators of sustainable pest management in orchard production systems (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Society Conference, pp. 283-287. , Pp PY - 2008 SP - 333-337 ST - Biocontrol of pests in apples under integrated fruit production T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Biocontrol of pests in apples under integrated fruit production UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749099458&partnerID=40&md5=7761d4865a98b7b4bb38f1c0847b1ea1 VL - 61 ID - 478 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stevens, P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2008 ST - Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749103329&partnerID=40&md5=fd9efeb9a71eb731833ff83a82775e17 VL - 61 ID - 462 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To understand the factors contributing to a severe outbreak of yellow dwarf virus (YDV) in autumn/winter-sown wheat in Canterbury in 2005, records of winged cereal-inhabiting yellow dwarf virus-transmitting aphids caught in the 7.5 m Lincoln suction trap, and the degree day accumulations of ambient temperatures at Lincoln (from 1982 to 2006), were examined as measures of virus infection resulting from primary and secondary aphid infestation, respectively. The results strongly suggest that infestation by winged aphids into cereal crops was higher than usual throughout winter in 2005. The unusually warm May to August (especially July and August) 2005 enabled a greater than usual aphid build-up (i.e. through increased development and reproduction) in the crop at this time, spreading YDV. The unusually high numbers of flying aphids trapped in late spring were the result of additional aphid build-up in cereal crops in September and October. The results emphasise the need to include measures of secondary aphid infestation and virus infection in future YDV forecasts. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Till, C. M. AU - Van Toor, R. F. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Elliott, N.C., Kieckhefer, R.W., Effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures on immature development and age-specific life tables of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) (1989) Canadian Entomologist, 121 (2), pp. 131-140; Farrell, J.A., Stufkens, M.A.W., Abundance of the rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum, on barley in Canterbury, New Zealand, 1984-87 (1988) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 15 (4), pp. 499-505; Farrell, J.A., Stufkens, M.A.W., Flight activity and cereal host relationships of Rhopalosiphum spp. in Canterbury (1989) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 17, pp. 1-7; Farrell, J.A., Stufkens, M.A.W., The impact of Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on populations of the rose grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) on cereals in Canterbury, New Zealand (1990) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80, pp. 377-383; Farrell, J.A., Stufkens, M.A.W., Cereal aphid flights and barley yellow dwarf virus infection of cereals in Canterbury, New Zealand (1992) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 20, pp. 407-412; Lowe, A.D., Sowing date as an aphid-virus control technique (1967) Proceedings of the 20th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 214-216. , Pp; Mayo, M.A., D'Arcy, C.J., Family Luteoviridae: A reclassification of Luteoviruses (1999) The Luteoviridae, pp. 15-22. , Smith HC, Barker H ed, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. Pp; Stufkens, M.A.W., Farrell, J.A., Control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) disease of barley in mid-Canterbury (1987) Proceedings of the 40th New Zealand Weed & Pest Control Conference, pp. 167-171. , Pp; Stufkens, M.A.W., Farrell, J.A., Effects of cereal host, insecticide and locality on the incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus in the South Island (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 34-38. , Pp; Thackray, D.J., Ward, L.T., Thomas-Carroll, M.L., Jones, R.A.C., Role of winter-active aphids spreading barley yellow dwarf virus in decreasing wheat yields in a Mediterranean-type environment (2005) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56, pp. 1089-1099; Teulon, D.A.J., Stufkens, M.A.W., Nicol, D., Harcourt, S.J., Forecasting barley yellow dwarf virus in autumn-sown cereals in 1998 (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 187-191. , Pp; Teulon, D.A.J., Nicol, D., Stufkens, M.A.W., Apple grass aphid (Rhopalosiphum insertum) on cereals in Canterbury (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 192-198. , Pp; Teulon, D.A.J., Fletcher, J.D., Cromey, M.G., Localised severe incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus in winter wheat (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, p. 253; Teulon, D.A.J., Stufkens, M.A.W., Coup, D.J., Barley yellow dwarf virus forecast for autumn sown cereal crops 2000 (2001) Confidential Report, , Crop & Food Research No. 364. Christchurch, New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Ltd. Used with permission from the Foundation for Arable Research; Teulon, D.A.J., Lankin, G.O., Stufkens, M.A.W., Lee, J., Travis, G.-R., Local variation in cereal aphid flight activity in Canterbury (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 221-226; Teulon, D.A.J., Till, C., van Toor, R., Conditions surrounding the 2005 outbreak of barley yellow dwarf virus in autumn/winter-sown cereals (2007) Confidential Report, , Crop & Food Research No. 1945. Christchurch, New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Ltd. Used with permission from the Foundation for Arable Research; Wratten, S.D., Elliot, N.C., Farrell, J.A., Integrated pest management in wheat (1995) Integrated Pest Management, pp. 241-279. , Dent D ed, Chapman & Hall, London. Pp PY - 2008 SP - 270-276 ST - Conditions surrounding the outbreak of yellow dwarf virus in autumn/winter-sown cereals in canterbury during 2005 T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Conditions surrounding the outbreak of yellow dwarf virus in autumn/winter-sown cereals in canterbury during 2005 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749089384&partnerID=40&md5=0ada2c36a1b7eda497bbdeeb86b51586 VL - 61 ID - 447 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Yellow bristle grass (YBG) causes significant production loss on dairy farms as it is unpalatable to stock and can reduce forage intake and milk production. This weed is rapidly spreading in North Island dairy pastures and effective control strategies are needed. Botanical surveying was undertaken in February 2008 on 12 dairy farms in Waikato to ascertain its presence in pastures in relation to key management factors. YBG cover was negatively associated with Olsen P, pH, paspalum cover and post-grazing residual dry matter in January. Stocking rate, time since pasture renovation, inclusion of a cropping phase prior to renovation, sowing rate during renovation, ryegrass under-sowing after renovation and cover of ryegrass, clovers, other dicots, annual grasses and amount of bare ground had no significant effect on YBG cover. Results suggest that while improved soil fertility and increasing pasture competition will enhance YBG control, YBG seeds can survive during pasture renovation, leading to rapid re-infestation of pastures. AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - James, T. K. AU - Cameron, C. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Burton, J., Dowling, P., (2004) Pasture management for weed control: A grazier's guide to controlling annual weeds in southern Australian improved pastures, , NSW Agriculture and the Co-operative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management, Orange, New South Wales, Australia. 56 pp; Dekker, J., The foxtail (Setaria) species-group (2003) Weed Science, 51, pp. 641-656; Fava, E., Rossi, F., Speranzini, G., Nigrelli, A., Rossignoli, G., Gelmetti, D., Mariotti, M.G., Von Boberfeld, O., Enzootic ulcer in the back of the tongue in cattle after ingestion of hay containing panicles of yellow bristle-grass (2000) Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 107, pp. 351-354; Genstat, (2007) VSN Internation Ltd, , GenStat Tenth Edition, Rothamstead Research, UK; James, T., Yellow Bristle Grass. The Ute Guide (2007) The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, , New Zealand. 29 pp; Kemp, D.R., King, W.M., Plant competition in pastures- implications for management (2001) Competition and succession in pastures, pp. 85-102. , Tow Lazenby A ed, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. Pp; Kemp, P.D., Matthew, C., Lucas, R.J., Pastures species and cultivars (2005) New Zealand pasture and crop science, pp. 83-99. , White J, Hodgson J ed, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. Pp; Mason, W.K., Lodge, G.M., Allan, C.J., Andrew, M.H., Johnson, T., Russell, B., Simpson, I.H., An appraisal of sustainable grazing systems: The program, the triple bottom line impacts and the sustainability of grazing systems (2003) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 43, pp. 1061-1082; Peelers, A., Wild and Sown Grasses (2004) Profiles of a temperate species selection: Ecology, biodiversity and use, , Blackwell Publishing and Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 311 pp; Rosas, A., Rengel, Z., Luz-Mora, M., Manganese supply and pH Influence growth, carboxylate exudation and peroxidase activity of ryegrass and white clover (2007) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30, pp. 253-270; Weaver, S.E., Hamill, A.S., Effects of soil pH on competitive ability and leaf nutrient content of corn (Zea mays L.) and three weed species (1985) Weed Science, 33, pp. 447-451 PY - 2008 SP - 121-126 ST - Botanical and management factors associated with Setaria pumila abundance:I mplications for pasture management T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Botanical and management factors associated with Setaria pumila abundance:I mplications for pasture management UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749089913&partnerID=40&md5=ebdd73bd3eb50352052c66a0f8cc75b7 VL - 61 ID - 455 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phenol, the attractant pheromone of adult males of the native New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (White), is produced in the beetles as the result of bacterial degradation of tyrosine. A lure consisting of a resin impregnated with phenol has been widely used to monitor male beetle flight activity. The present formulation is highly attractive for the first week in the field, but then loses activity rapidly. A number of phenol-containing formulations were tested to improve the lure. A new formulation gave lower catches that were more stable with time, producing data more suitable for population density estimation. Phenylacetaldehyde, a bacterial metabolite of phenylalanine, was tested as a possible synergist to phenol. Field results showed that this floral compound exhibited no behaviourally-active properties to grass grubs when tested together with phenol. Catches with water traps were compared with those in sticky delta and flat delta traps in two vineyards and in pasture. Water traps caught four times more beetles. AU - Unelius, C. R. AU - Townsend, R. J. AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Manning, L. M. AU - Jackson, T. A. AU - Suckling, D. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Byers, J.A., Anderbrant, O., Löfqvist, L., Effective attraction radius: A method for comparing species attractants and determining densities of flying insects (1989) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 15, pp. 749-765; Chapman RB 1984. Pasture pests. In: Scott RR ed. New Zealand Pest and Beneficial Insects. Lincoln University College of Agriculture, Canterbury, New Zealand. Pp. 119-142; East, R., Willoughby, B.E., Koller, M.S., Defoliation by grass grub beetles in Waikato orchards (1983) Proceedings of the 36th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 151-155. , Pp; Helinck, S., LeBars, D., Moreau, D., Yvon, M., Ability of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria to produce aroma compounds from amino acids (2004) Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 70, pp. 3855-3861; Henzell, R.F., Lowe, D., Sex attractant of the grass grub beetle (1970) Science, 168, p. 1005; Henzell, R.F., Kain, W.M., Field trial with phenol for grass grub control (1972) Proceedings of the 25th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 263-267. , Pp; Henzell, R.F., Lauren, D.R., Cox, N.R., Monitoring grass grub flight with sex attractant traps (1979) Proceedings of the 2nd Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 125-128. , Pp; Hoyt, C.P., Osborne, G.O., Mulcock, A.P., Production of an insect sex attractant by symbiotic bacteria (1971) Nature, 230, pp. 472-473; Lauren, D.R., Controlled release formulations for phenols: Use as sex attractant lures for the grass grub beetle (1979) Environmental Entomology, 8, pp. 914-916; Leal, W.S., Chemical ecology of phytophagous scarab beetles (1998) Annual Review of Entomology, 43, pp. 39-61; Mundy, D.C., Alspach, P.A., Dufay, J., Grass grub damage and mycorrhizal colonisation of grapevine rootstocks (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 234-238; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Lo, P.L., Shaw, P.W., McLaren, G.F., Clare, G., El-Sayed, A.M., Progress with pheromones and other semiochemicals for fruit pest management in New Zealand (2008) Future Challenges in Crop Protection: Repositioning New Zealand's Primary Industries for the Future, pp. 99-107. , Butcher MR, Walker JTS, Zydenbos SM ed, New Zealand Plant Protection Society Incorporated, Hastings, New Zealand. Pp PY - 2008 SP - 215-221 ST - Comparisons of traps and lures for monitoring grass grub, Costelytra zealandica T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparisons of traps and lures for monitoring grass grub, Costelytra zealandica UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749102702&partnerID=40&md5=6c8b0c06a628b550acbebad583f24b95 VL - 61 ID - 505 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Insect infestation of fresh produce exported from New Zealand is an ongoing issue for exporters. Seventeen low-hazard volatile compounds were screened, for their potential as fumigants for controlling adults, nymphs and eggs of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). WFT infested chrysanthemum flowers were exposed to volatiles in glass jars with circulation fans. Higher mortality was achieved for adults than for nymphs/eggs. Mortality after the 6 h exposure was greater than after the 2 h exposure. Compounds that had good efficacy against WFT included 2-propyn-l-ol, diallyl sulphide (the main compound of garlic oils), 2-methyl-(E)-butenal and ethyl acetate. Of these, 2-propyn1-ol caused significant phytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. The other three were tolerated by the plant material and are worth further investigation. AU - Van Epenhuijsen, C. W. AU - Somerfield, K. G. AU - Hedderley, D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aharoni, Y., Stewart, J.K., Guadagni, D.G., Mon, T.R., Thrips mortality and strawberry quality after vacuum fumigation with acetaldehyde or ethyl formate (1980) Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 105 (6), pp. 926-929; Burditt, A.K., Hinman, F.G., Balock, J.W., Screening of fumigants for toxicity to eggs and larvae of the oriental fruit fly and Mediterranean fruit fly (1963) Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, pp. 261-265; Dentener, P.R., Lewthwaite, S.E., Maindonald, J.H., Connolly, P.G., Mortality of two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) after exposure to ethanol at elevated temperatures (1998) Stored-Products and Quarantine Entomology, 91 (3), pp. 767-772; Hammond, D.G., Rangel, S., Kubo, I., Volatile aldehydes are promising broad-spectrum post-harvest insecticides (2000) Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 48 (9), pp. 4410-4417; Hilton, S.J., Banks, H.J., Ethyl formate as a fumigant of sultanas: Sorption and efficacy against six pest species (1997) Proceedings of the International Conference on Controlled Atmospheres and Fumigation in Stored Products, pp. 409-422. , Nicosia, Cyprus. Pp; Jamieson, L.E., Meier, X., Smith, K.J., Lewthwaite, S.E., Dentener, P.R., Effect of ethanol vapor treatments on light brown apple moth mortality and "Braeburn" apple fruit characterization (2003) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28 (3), pp. 391-403; Kostyukovsky, M., Ravid, U., Shaaya, E., The potential use of plant volatiles for the control of stored product insects and quarantine pests in cut flowers (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 576, pp. 347-358; Lee, H.S., P-anisaldehyde: Acaricidal component of Pimpinella anisum seed oil against the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (2004) Planta Medica, 70 (3), pp. 279-281; Lublinkhof, J., Foster, D.E., Development and reproductive capacity of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera:Tripidae) reared at three temperatures (1977) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 50, pp. 313-316; Otto, H.W., Daines, R.H., Plant injury by air pollutants: Influence of humidity on stomatal apertures and plant response to ozone (1969) Science, 163, pp. 1209-1210; Park, I.L., Shin, S.C., Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllata) oils against the Japanese termite (Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe) (2005) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, pp. 4388-4392; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Mitcham, E.J., Effects of acetaldehyde on fruit quality and target pest mortality for harvested strawberries (2003) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28, pp. 405-416; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Micham, E.J., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 1084-1090; Tommasini, M.G., Maini, S., Frankliniella occidentalis and other thrips harmful to vegetable and ornamental crops in Europe (1995) Biological control of Thrip Pests, pp. 1-42. , Loomans AJM, van Lenteren JC, Tommasini MG, Maini S, Riudavets J ed, Wageningen Agricultural University Papers, Veenman Wageningen. Pp; van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Hedderley, D.I., Somerfield, K.G., Brash, D.W., Efficacy of ethyl formate and ethyl acetate for the control of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) (2007) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35, pp. 267-274; Vierbergen, G., International movement, detection and quarantine of Thysanoptera pests (1995) Thrips biology and management, pp. 119-132. , Parker BI, Skinner M, Lewis T ed, Plenum, New York. Pp; Weber, J.D., Carroll, J.F., Hayes, D.K., Synthesis of acetals and esters of propargyl, propenyl and propyl alcohols and the bioassay of these and related compounds as fumigants against Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) larvae (1987) Journal of Stored Products, 23 (1), pp. 1-7 PY - 2008 SP - 197-204 ST - Efficacy of plant volatiles for post-harvest control of western flower thrips in fresh produce T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Efficacy of plant volatiles for post-harvest control of western flower thrips in fresh produce UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749092436&partnerID=40&md5=1436b53985e4d62b36ab054cdfcb5b1d VL - 61 ID - 468 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pesticides for weed, insect and disease control in potatoes in Canterbury were assessed via spray diaries tabulated using Spray View Analyst (HortPlus). Spray diaries for 17-30 seed crops in six growing seasons (1999-2006) and 71-100 process crops in four growing seasons (2003-2007), gave data for 13% of the area grown for seed for use by process factories and 28% of the area grown for process potatoes in New Zealand. In the most recent growing seasons of the survey, seed crops were mostly treated with metribuzin herbicide, pencycuron, mancozeb/metalaxyl-M, azoxystrobin and propineb fungicides, and methamidophos, pymetrozine and pirimicarb insecticides. Process crops had mostly cyanazine, glyphosate, linuron and metribuzin herbicides, and pencycuron azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, copper hydroxide, fluazinam and mancozeb/metalaxyl-M fungicides. Weeds, pathogens of early and late blight, and aphids were presumed the primary pest targets. Pesticide resistance strategies were followed in later years in half of seed crops and most process crops. AU - Van Toor, R. F. AU - Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2008) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, , AgriMedia Ltd, Ashcroft House, Christchurch, New Zealand. Anon; Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., Insecticide resistance in green peach aphid from South Auckland (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 85-89. , Pp; Daayf, F., Platt, H.W., Variability in responses of US-8 and US-11 genotypes of potato and tomato isolates of Phytophthora infestans to commercial fungicides in vitro (2002) American Journal of Potato Research, 79, pp. 433-441; Fellowes, R.W., Fergusson, A.M., Field evidence for resistance to certain insecticides to green peach-potato aphid in South Auckland (1994) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2, pp. 83-88; Hartill, W.F.T., Tompkins, G.R., Kleinsman, P.J., Development in New Zealand of resistance to dicarboximide fungicides in Botrytis cinerea, and to acylalanines in Phytophthora infestans, and to guazatine in Penicillium italicum (1983) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 26, pp. 261-269; Lehtinen, A., Hannukkala, A., Andersson, B., Hermansen, A., Le, V.H., Naerstad, R., Brurberg, M.B., Yuen, J., Phenotypic variation in Nordic populations of Phytophthora infestans in 2003 (2008) Plant Pathology, 57 (2), pp. 227-234; Manktelow, D., Stevens, P., Walker, J., Gurnsey, S., Park, N., Zabkiewicz, J., Teulon, D., Rahman, A., Trends in Pesticide Use in New Zealand: 2004 (2005) Report to the Ministry for the Environment, , Project SMF4193. HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention and Management Strategies 2005, , Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington KC ed, New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Hastings, New Zealand. 166 pp; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) resistance to pesticides (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 405-408. , Pp; Rosenzweig, N., Atallah, Z.K., Olaya, G., Stevenson, W.R., Evaluation of QoI fungicide application strategies for managing fungicide resistance and potato early blight epidemics in Wisconsin (2008) Plant Disease, 92 (4), pp. 561-568; Stufkens, M.A.W., Teulon, D.A.J., Aphid species on potato crops in Canterbury (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 235-239; van Toor, R.F., Foster, S.P., Anstead, J.A., Mitchinson, S., Fenton, B., Kasprowicz, L., Insecticide resistance and genetic composition of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on field potatoes in New Zealand (2008) Crop Protection, 27, pp. 236-247; van Toor, R.F., Teulon, D.A.J., Potato aphid virus project - Final report 2002-05 - Towards an insecticide resistance management strategy to control aphid virus vectors in potatoes (2005) Confidential Client Report for MAF Sustainable Farming Fund No, , 1509. Crop & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand. 66 pp; van Toor, R.F., Teulon, D.A.J., Insecticide practice for aphid control in potatoes (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 235-241 PY - 2008 SP - 137-146 ST - Benchmarking of potato pesticide use in canterbury T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Benchmarking of potato pesticide use in canterbury UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749102281&partnerID=40&md5=66104bc96b01ee1445d935a305c902d5 VL - 61 ID - 503 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Plant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae were isolated from lakes and rivers in the central North Island of New Zealand. These strains were identified by their ability to produce a fluorescent pigment on a modified King's B medium, by their ability to cause a hypersensitive reaction when infiltrated into tobacco plant and by the absence of a cytochrome c oxidase. Different aspects of the protocol used to isolate these strains have been assessed. Some of the strains isolated, and in some cases the majority of them, were resistant to copper and/or streptomycin. Significantly, these plant pathogenic bacteria were isolated from waterways in areas where no agriculture or horticulture is present and waterways used for crop irrigation. These results suggest that natural waterways could be a source of inoculum of plant pathogenic bacteria, and a source of genes that confer streptomycin resistance and/or copper resistance to these bacteria. AU - Vanneste, J. L. AU - Cornish, D. A. AU - Yu, J. AU - Boyd, R. J. AU - Morris, C. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schaffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., Lipman, D.J., Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs (1997) Nucleic Acid Research, 25, pp. 3389-3402; Hu F-P, Young JM, Jones DS 1999. Evidence that bacterial blight of kiwifruit, caused by a Pseudomonas sp., was introduced into New Zealand from China. Journal of Phytopathoglogy 147: 89-97; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Klement, Z., Rapid detection of the pathogenicity of phytopathogenic pseudomonads (1963) Nature, 199, pp. 299-300; Lelliot, R.A., Billing, E., Hayward, A.C., A determinative scheme for the fluorescent plant pathogenic Pseudomonads (1966) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 29, pp. 470-489; Mohan SK, Schaad NW 1987. An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and P. s. pv. phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed. Phytopathology 77: 1390-1395; Morris, C.E., Kinkel, L.L., Xiao, K., Prior, P., Sands, D.C., Surprising niche for the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (2007) Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, pp. 84-92; Morris, C.E., Sands, D.C., Vinatzer, B.A., Glaux, C., Guilbaud, C., Buffiere, A., Yan, S., Thompson, B.M., The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle (2008) The International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal, 1, pp. 1-14; Noble, D.H., Cother, E.J., Hailstones, D.L., Flack, M., Oxspring, L., Hall, B., Characterisation of Pseudomonas syringae strains associated with a leaf disease of leek in Australia (2006) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 115, pp. 419-430; Sundin, G.W., Bender, C.L., Ecological and genetic analysis of copper and streptomycin resistance in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (1993) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59, pp. 1018-1024; Sundin, G.W., Bender, C.L., Molecular analysis of closely related copper- and streptomycin- resistance plasmids in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (1996) Plasmid, 35, pp. 98-107; Vanneste, J.L., McLaren, G.F., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Boyd, D., Copper and streptomycin resistance in bacterial strains isolated from stone fruit orchards in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 101-105; Vanneste, J.L., Paulin, J.P., Expert, D., Bacteriophage Mu as a genetic tool to study Erwinia amylovora pathogenicity and hypersensitive reaction on tobacco (1990) Journal of Bacteriology, 172, pp. 932-941; Vanneste, J.L., Voyle, M.D., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Boyd, R.J., McLaren, G.F., Copper and streptomycin resistance in Pseudomonas strains isolated from pipfruit and stone fruit orchards in New Zealand (2008) Pseudomonas syringae pathovars and related pathogens-Identification, Epidemiology and Genomics, pp. 81-90. , Fatmi M, Collmer A, Iacobellis NS, Mansfield JW, Murillo J, Schaad NW, Ullrich M ed, Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Pp; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Beer, S.V., Role of antibiotic production by Erwinia herbicola Eh252 in biological control of Erwinia amylovora (1992) Journal of Bacteriology, 174, pp. 2785-2796 PY - 2008 SP - 80-85 ST - Isolation of copper and streptomycin resistant phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae from lakes and rivers in the central north island of New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Isolation of copper and streptomycin resistant phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae from lakes and rivers in the central north island of New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749105030&partnerID=40&md5=738e5cc33403f9eb44f8b585fff81583 VL - 61 ID - 499 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Field experiments to evaluate four different coloured sticky traps for monitoring beneficial insects were conducted on 'Braeburn' apple blocks in four commercial orchards situated in the Motueka region. Traps used were white, yellow and blue Corflute® sheets and a clear Mylar® sheet, all coated on one side with adhesive (Tactrap™). The sticky traps were deployed between 27 February and 24 March 2006. Each colour sticky trap was hung vertically from a branch within the tree and traps were replaced and re-randomised two times during the trapping period. Beneficial insects monitored included Aphelinus mail, Platygaster demades, Anagrus sp., Stethorus bifidus and Encarsia spp. Results indicated that yellow was the best trap colour for catching A. mali, Stethorus and Encarsia, and a clear trap was best for Anagrus sp. Trap colour did not have a significant impact on the catch of P. demades. AU - Wallis, D. R. AU - Shaw, P. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Batchelor, T.A., Walker, J.T.S., Manktelow, D.W.L., Park, N.M., Johnson, S.R., New Zealand integrated fruit production for pipfruit - charting a new course (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 14-19. , Pp; Childers, C.C., Brecht, J.K., Coloured sticky traps for monitoring Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) during flowering cycles in citrus (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89, pp. 1240-1249; Dowell, R.V., Cherry, R.H., Survey traps for parasitoids, and coccinellid predators of the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi (1981) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 29, pp. 356-362; Kirk, W.D.J., Ecologically selective coloured traps (1984) Ecological Entomology, 9, pp. 35-41; Krysan, J.L., Horton, D.R., Seasonality of catch of pear psylla Caopsylla pyricola (Homoptera: Psyllidae) on yellow sticky traps (1991) Environmental Entomology, 20, pp. 626-634; Percy, H., (1996) HortFACT, , www.hortnet.co.nz, New Zealand integrated fruit production, pipfruit, accessed 12 May 2006; Prischmann, D.A., James, D.G., Storm, C.P., Wright, L.C., Snyder, W.E., Identity, abundance, and phenology of Anagrus spp. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) associated with grape, blackberry, and wild rose in Washington State (2007) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100 (1), pp. 41-52; Romeis, J., Shanower, T.G., Zebitz, C.P.W., Response of Trichogramma egg parasitoids to coloured sticky traps (1998) BioControl, 43, pp. 17-27; Thomson, L.J., Neville, P.J., Hoffmann, A.A., Effective trapping methods for assessing invertebrates in vineyards (2004) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44, pp. 947-953; Vernon, R.S., Gillespie, D.R., Spectral responsiveness of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) determined by trap catches in greenhouses (1990) Environmental Entomology, 19, pp. 1229-1241 PY - 2008 SP - 328-332 ST - Evaluation of coloured sticky traps for monitoring beneficial insects in apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of coloured sticky traps for monitoring beneficial insects in apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749083146&partnerID=40&md5=c0bb26df4e203e739883359380ccd3b5 VL - 61 ID - 504 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum are important strawberry pathogens. Nitrogen (N) application can increase yield, but also susceptibility to pathogens. Strawberry plants ('Camarosa' and 'Ventana') were grown in sand, fertilised with base nutrients plus ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate or calcium nitrate at low (40 ppm N) and high (140 ppm N) concentration. Controls consisted of base nutrients only and water only. Flower production, fruit yield and berry size all increased with increasing N-concentration, but N-source itself was not important. Disease susceptibility was affected by both N-concentration and N-source. At high N-concentration, C. acutatum fruit lesions were largest in ammonium sulphate treatments > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate; Botryits cinerea lesions were largest in ammonium nitrate > ammonium sulphate > calcium nitrate. Similar trends were observed for leaf susceptibility to the two pathogens. These data suggest that calcium nitrate may be a suitable source of nitrogen, helping growers to reduce disease risk. AU - Walter, M. AU - Braithwaite, B. AU - Smith, B. J. AU - Langford, G. I. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Elmer, P.A.G., Spiers, T.M., Wood, P.N., Effects of pre-harvest foliar calcium sprays on fruit calcium levels and brown rot of peaches (2007) Crop Protection, 26 (1), pp. 11-18; Howard, C.M., Maas, J.L., Chandler, C.K., Albregts, E.E., Anthracnose of strawberry caused by the Colletotrichum complex in Florida (1992) Plant Disease, 76, pp. 976-981; Keller, M., Kummer, M., Vasconcelos, M.C., Reproductive growth of grapevines in response to nitrogen supply and rootstock (2001) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 7 (1), pp. 12-18; Maas, J.L., (1998) Compendium of strawberry diseases, , 2nd ed. APS Press, St Paul, USA. 98 pp; Reddy, V.S., Reddy, A.S.N., Proteomics of calcium-signaling components in plants (2004) Phytochemistry, 65, pp. 1745-1776; Smith, B.J., Effect of nitrogen source and level on the severity of strawberry anthracnose to crown rot (1989) Phytopathology, 79, p. 376. , abstract; Smith, B.J., Gupton, C.L., Calcium applications before harvest affects the severity of anthracnose fruit rot greenhouse grown strawberries (1993) Acta Horticulturae, 348, pp. 477-482; Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Everett, K.R., Waipara, N.W., Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Langford, G.I., Walter, M., Present status of strawberry fruit rot diseases in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 74-79 PY - 2008 SP - 70-79 ST - Nutrient nitrogen management for disease control in strawberry T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Nutrient nitrogen management for disease control in strawberry UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749098035&partnerID=40&md5=07281388908e0aa9825d173b22e876c6 VL - 61 ID - 485 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The impact of the exotic aphid, Essigella californica (Essig), on the health and growth of Pinus radiata D.Don in New Zealand was examined by comparing trees treated with a systemic insecticide with untreated trees at two climatically contrasting sites over three seasons (2006-2008). Upper crown yellowing, thought to be associated with E. californica, was not affected by insecticide treatment. However, on insecticide-treated trees aphid numbers were reduced and tree diameter increased in the final year at both sites. Significantly more aphids were recorded at McLeans Island Forest than Kaingaroa Forest in all years. The incidence of the needlecast fungus (Cyclaneusma minus) was also greater at McLeans Island, in support of a possible relationship between E. californica and C. minus. Compared with its effect in Australia, E. californica appears to have a low pest status in New Zealand. AU - Watson, M. C. AU - Kriticos, D. J. AU - Drayton, G. M. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Brockerhoff, E. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Appleton, C., Gresham, B.A., Monitoring Essigella californica populations in Bay of Plenty forests (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 45-50; Carver, M., Kent, D.S., Essigella californica (Essig) and Eulachnus thunbergii Wilson (Hemiptera:Aphididae:Lachnidae) on Pinus in south-eastern Australia (2000) Australian Journal of Entomology, 39, pp. 62-69; Flynn, A.R., Teulon, D.A.J., Stufkens, M.A.W., Distribution and flight activity of the Monterey pine aphid in New Zealand (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 33-38; Hopmans, P., Collett, N.C., Smith, I.W., Elms, S.R., Growth and nutrition of Pinus radiata in response to fertiliser applied after thinning and interaction with defoliation association with Essigella californica (2008) Forest Ecology and Management, , Doi: 10.1016/j.foresco.2007.12.020; Kent DS, Carnegie A 2000. Distribution of Essigella californica in New South Wales and ACT. In: Collett NG, Simpson J, Schoenborn C ed. A review of the current status of the Monterey pine aphid Essigella californica (Essig) in Australia. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Heidelberg, Australia Pp. 22-29; May B 2004. Assessment of the causality of Essigella-ascribed defoliation of mid-rotation radiata pine and its national impact in tems of cost of lost wood production. CSIRO Final Report. Forest and Wood Products Research and Development Corporation. 41 pp; May, B.M., Carlyle, J.C., Effect of defoliation associated with Essigella californica on growth of mid-rotation Pinus radiata (2003) Forest Ecology and Management, 183, pp. 297-312; Mullan, B., Wratt, D., Dean, S., Hollis, M., Allan, S., Williams, T., Kenny, G., (2008) Climate change effects and impacts assessment: A guidance manual for local government in New Zealand, , 2nd ed. Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand. 167 pp; Seco Fernandez, M.V., Mier Durante, M.P., Presentcia en Espana del pulgon verde de los pinos americanus; Essigella (Hom. Aphididae: Cinarinae). (1992) Boletin de la Asociación Española de Entomologia, 16, pp. 255-256; Simpson J 2000. Interactions between needle cast fungi and Essigella: are they important? In: Collett NG, Simpson J, Schoenborn C ed. A review of the current status of the Monterey Pine Aphid Essigella californica (Essig) in Australia. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Heidelberg, Australia Pp. 36-39; Smith IW, Collett NG, Hopman P 2000. Impact on growth of defoliation associated with Essigella californica infestation of 23 year-old thinned P. radiata at Warrenbayne Victoria. In: Collett NG, Simpson J, Schoenborn C ed. A review of the current status of the Monterey Pine Aphid Essigella californica (Essig) in Australia. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Heidelberg, Australia. Pp. 55-59; Sorensen, J.T., A revision of the aphid genus Essigella (Homoptera:Aphididae: Lachninae): Its ecological associations with, and evolution on Pinaceae hosts (1994) Pan-Pacific Entomology, 70, pp. 1-102; Teulon, D.A.J., Stufkens, M.A.W., Biosecurity and aphids in New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 12-17; Teulon, D.A.J., Herman, T.J.B., Davidson, M.M., Monitoring the Monterey pine aphid in Hawke's Bay forests (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 39-44; Turpeau, E., Remaudiere, G., Discovery in France of an American pine aphid of the genus Essigella (Hom. Aphididae) (1990) Comptes Rendus de l'Academic d'Agriculture de France, 76 (8), pp. 131-132. , France; Wharton TN 2005. Biology and ecology of Essigella californica (Essig) on Pinus radiata D.Don, in Australia. PhD thesis, The Australian National University, Australia. Wharton TN, Kritcos DJ 2004. The fundamental and realised niche of the Monterey Pine aphid, Essigella californica, (Essig) (Hemiptera:Aphididae): Implications for managing softwood plantations in Australia. Diversity and Distributions 10: 253-262; Zonta de Carvalho, R., Noemberg Lazzari, S., First record of the Californian pine needle aphid, Essigella (Essigella californica (Essig)) (Homoptera: Aphididae: Lachninae), in southern Brazil (2000) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, pp. 757-758 PY - 2008 SP - 179-184 ST - Assessing the effect of Essigella californica on Pinus radiata at two sites in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Assessing the effect of Essigella californica on Pinus radiata at two sites in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749107499&partnerID=40&md5=a0668ec9e8157cdf128a58f313694b99 VL - 61 ID - 449 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Eriophyoid big bud mites are key pests of hazelnuts throughout the world, although little is known of the identity and impact of the species on New Zealand hazelnut crops. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of and optimum timing for sulphur application to control these mites. A field experiment tested the application of sulphur (1.12 g ai/tree) at 3, 62 and 88% accumulated mite emergence from overwintering big buds. The greatest reduction in emerging mite numbers was achieved with an application at 62% emergence. The importance of determining peak mite emergence, the appearance of hazelnut buds and weather conditions to optimise the time to apply control measures are discussed. AU - Webber, J. AU - Chapman, R. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: AliNiazee, M.T., Filbert insect and mite pests (1980) Corvallis, Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon, , State University. 13 pp; AliNiazee, M.T., Ecology and management of hazelnut pests (1998) Annual Review of Entomology, 43, pp. 395-419; Beber, K., Studies on migration of big bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal.) in northeastern Slovenia (1994) Acta Horticulturae, 351, pp. 625-629; Broufas, G.D., Koveos, D.S., Threshold temperature for post-diapause development and degree-days to hatching of winter eggs of the European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Northern Greece (2000) Environmental Entomology, 29 (4), pp. 710-713; Childers, C.C., Easterbrook, M.A., Solomon, M.G., Chemical control of eriophyoid mites (1996) Eriophyoid mites-their biology, natural enemies and control, pp. 695-726. , Lindquist EE, Sabelis MW, Bruin J ed, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. Pp; Cross, J.V., Ridout, M.S., Emergence of blackcurrant gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis) from galls in spring (2001) Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 76 (3), pp. 311-319; Eastmond, M., Eastmond, C., (2003) A hazelnut farming story, , http://www.lifestyleblock.co.nz/articles/275_hazelnuts.htm, accessed 18 May 2004; Ecevit, O., Kececi, S., Tuncer, C., Yanilmaz, A.F., Isik, M., Dogu karadeniz bolgesi fndk bahcelerinde zarari Eriophyoidea (Acarina, Actinedida) akaralar uzerinde calsmalar. [Studies on Eriophyoidea (Acarina, Actinedida) of hazelnut groves in the east Black Sea region]. [Abstract] (1992) Proceedings of the second Turkish National Congress of Entomology, pp. 671-681. , Adana, Turkey. 28-31 January, Pp; Hart R 1999. Hazel-Corylus avellana. New Zealand Tree Crops Association Inc., Motueka. New Zealand. 11 pp; Jeppson, L.R., Keifer, H.H., Baker, E.W., (1975) Mites injurious to economic plants, , University of California Press, Berkley, USA. 614 pp; Lamb, K.P., A check list of New Zealand plant galls (zoocecidia) (1960) Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 88, pp. 121-139; Massee, A.M., On some species of gall-mites (Eriophyidae) found on Corylus avellana L (1930) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 21, pp. 165-168; McNeil, D.L., Nut crop chemical requirements (2000) Health in a shell, 36, pp. 9-13; McNeil, D.L., (1999) Walnuts, chestnuts and hazelnuts; a compilation of general information, , New Zealand situation and New Zealand research results. Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand. 80 pp; Oldfield, G.N., Diversity and host plant specificity (1969) Eriophyoid mites-their biology, natural enemies and control, pp. 199-216. , Lindquist EE, Sabelis MW, Bruin J ed, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. Pp; Ozman-Sullivan, S.K., Akça, I., Efficiency of pesticides against big bud mites [Phytoptus avellanae Nal. and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis Nal. (Acarina: Eriophyoidea)] on hazelnut (2005) Acta Horticulturae, 686, pp. 393-399; Petanovic, R., Dobrivojevic, K., Boskovic, R., Zivotni ciklus i rezultati suzbijanja leskine grinje Phytoptus avellanae Nal. (Acarida: Eriophyoidea). [Life-cycle of the hazelnut big-bud mite Phytoptus avellanae (Nal.) (Acarida: Eriophyoidea) and results of its control]. [Abstract] (1989) Zastita Bilja, 40 (4), pp. 433-441; Stamenkovic, S., Milenkovic, S., Pesic, M., Mitrovic, M., Population dynamics, harmfulness and control of Phytoptus avellanae (Nalepa) in Western Serbia (1997) Acta Horticulturae, 445, pp. 521-526; Tavamaishvili, L.E., The chief pests of hazelnut in subtropical western Georgia and their control. [Abstract] (1990) Subtropicheskie Kul'tury, 5, pp. 119-125; Vidal-Barraquer R, Gil Moreno de Mora J, de Sivatte M, Miquel J 1966 Phytoptus avellanae Nal. y otras eriofidos del avellano. [P. avellanae and other Eriophyids on hazel]. [Abstract]. Boletin de Pathologia Vegetal d'Entomolgia (Madrid) 29: 133-235; Webber, J.D., (2007) Phenology of hazelnut big bud mites in Canterbury and implications for management, , M. Appi. Sci. thesis, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand. 126 pp PY - 2008 SP - 191-196 ST - Timing of sulphur spray application for control of hazelnut big bud mites (Phytoptus avellanae and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Timing of sulphur spray application for control of hazelnut big bud mites (Phytoptus avellanae and Cecidophyopsis vermiformis) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749098645&partnerID=40&md5=6f1405d4e3b009d6ecf7cef7af9981d7 VL - 61 ID - 502 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An evaluation of the Biocontrol Information Resource for ERMA New Zealand Applicants (BIREA, http://www.b3nz.org/birea) website was undertaken. BIREA aims to assist applicants to ERMA New Zealand wishing to introduce biocontrol agents to New Zealand to submit a well-developed and informed application. The website also has potential for educating overseas biocontrol practitioners and the general public on biological control safety. ERMA New Zealand had received no new applications for import or release of biocontrol agents since the website went live in April 2007, so BIREA was evaluated by interviewing past applicants and key stakeholders. In addition, potential users of the site were surveyed and an analysis of internet visitors to the website was undertaken. Overall, BIREA was highly rated, and was thought to be a useful tool by past applicants and stakeholders. However, for BIREA to become an effective means of public education, adjustments to make the site 'public friendly' would be required. BIREA was accessed approximately hourly by a wide range of visitors from at least 55 countries. AU - White, T. D. AU - Kean, J. M. AU - Barratt, B. I. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barrait BIP, Berndt LA, Dodd SL, Ferguson CM, Hill RH, Kean JM, et al. 2007. BIREA -Biocontrol Information Resource for ERMA New Zealand Applicants (BIREA). http://www.b3nz.org/birea/ (accessed November 2007); Muylle, S., Moenaert, R., Despontin, M., The conceptualization and empirical validation of website user satisfaction (2004) Information & Management, 41, pp. 543-560 PY - 2008 SP - 8-11 ST - The biocontrol information resource for ERMA New Zealand applicants (BIREA): An evaluation T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The biocontrol information resource for ERMA New Zealand applicants (BIREA): An evaluation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749098783&partnerID=40&md5=552804ba0453f02db89d20a8b8462dbf VL - 61 ID - 443 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In autumn 2006 apple leaves with visible scab (black spot) symptoms were collected at the time of leaf fall and dipped in fungicides at concentrations equivalent to field application rates. The leaves were overwintered on gravel and ascospore production measured on three dates during the following spring using suction spore traps. Of ten fungicides tested, myclobutanil, trifloxystrobin, captan, dodine, tolyfluanid and cyprodinil either reduced or delayed ascospore production by Venturia inaequalis during the following spring, compared with a water-dipped control. Metiram, dithianon, urea and copper hydroxide had a minimal effect on ascospore production. Leaves from a separate orchard trial produced significantly fewer ascospores after myclobutanil treatment than after captan treatment. Captan and tolyfluanid are recommended for autumn application to control scab because they significantly reduced or delayed ascospore production and have a low risk of selecting resistant strains of V. inaequalis. Although also effective, myclobutanil, trifloxystrobin, dodine and cyprodinil should not be used for autumn application because of the risk of fungicide resistance. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Taylor, T. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beresford, R.M., Validation of an ascospore release prediction model for apple black spot (Venturia inaequalis) (1999) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 148-152; Beresford, R.M., Wood, P.N., applied urea and other compounds to suppress Venturia inaequalis ascospore production (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 382-386. , Autumn; Beresford, R.M., Wood, P.N., Shaw, P.W., Taylor, T.J., Application of fungicides during leaf fall to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in the following season (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 59-64; Biggs, A.R., Warner, J., Full-season and post-harvest applications of sterol-inhibiting fungicides to reduce ascospore formation in Venturia inaequalis (1990) Phytoprotection, 71, pp. 9-15; Burchill, R.T., Field and laboratory studies of urea on ascospore production of Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint (1968) Annals of Applied Biology, 62, pp. 297-307; Hildebrand, P.D., Lockhart, C.L., Newberry, R.J., Ross, R.G., Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to bitertanol and other demethylation-inhibiting fungicides (1988) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 10, pp. 311-316; Burchill, R.T., Cook, R.T.A., The interaction of urea and micro-organisms in suppressing the development of perithecia of Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint (1971) Ecology of leaf surface micro-organisms, pp. 471-483. , Preece TF, Dickenson CH ed. Academic Press, London. Pp; Holb, I.J., Heijne, B., Jeger, M.J., Effects of integrated control measures on earthworms, leaf litter and Venturia inaequalis infection in two European apple orchards (2006) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 114, pp. 287-295; Horner, I.J., Horner, M.B., Relationships between autumn black spot, leaf litter and Venturia inaequalis ascospore production in apple orchards (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 121-124; MacHardy, W.E., (1996) Apple scab biology, epidemiology and management, , APS Press, American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota, USA. 545 pp; Manktelow, D.W.L., Beresford, R.M., Evaluation of an ascospore monitoring method for Venturia inaequalis to improve apple black spot fungicide management (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 78-82. , Pp; (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention and Management Strategies 2005, , Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington, KC ed, New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc, Hastings, New Zealand. 166 pp; Ross, R.G., Newberry, R.J., Tolerance to benomyl of Venturia inaequalis in Nova Scotia (1985) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 7, pp. 435-437; Wood, P.N., Beresford, R.M., Avoiding apple bud damage from autumn-applied urea for black spot (Venturia inaequalis) control (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 387-392; van Zuidam, C.A., van Dijke, J.F., Kanker en schurft in najaar gezamenlijk bestrijden (Control of canker and scab at the same time) (1996) Fruitteelt, 86 (42), pp. 10-12 PY - 2008 SP - 54-58 ST - Suppression of Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) ascospore production using autumn-applied fungicides T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Suppression of Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) ascospore production using autumn-applied fungicides UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749107773&partnerID=40&md5=24c0f298746bb979acd5587524b60b12 VL - 61 ID - 488 ER - TY - JOUR AB - AGDISP is a well-established spray drift model that has been validated for aerial spraying of forests. Recently a prototypical ground boom option has been added to AGDISP. This was evaluated in the current study by collecting data from spray trials over a grass sward using a ground boom sprayer and representative application parameters. Spray solutions were made up of water, sticker adjuvant and a metal cation, which was changed for each spray application. Deposition from spray drift was measured by analyses of the cation deposits on artificial targets (plastic tapes) placed on the grass surface. Measured deposition was compared with profiles calculated using AGDISP. AGDISP overpredicted deposition from spray drift by a factor of 3.5-100 outside the spray block. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are given. Options are to improve measured deposition and the algorithms for the deposition on the downwind swath of the spray block and evaporation of droplets. AU - Woodward, S. J. R. AU - Connell, R. J. AU - Zabkiewicz, J. A. AU - Steele, K. D. AU - Praat, J. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: AGDISP 2003. USDA Forest Service Spray Modeling Software, version 8.15, Harold W. Thistle, USDA Forest Service, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV 26505; Bilanin, A.J., Teske, M.E., Barry, J.W., Ekblad, R.B., AGDISP: The aircraft spray dispersion model, code development and experimental validation (1989) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 32 (1), pp. 327-334; Hewitt AJ, Maber J, Praat JP2002. Drift management using modeling and GIS systems. In: Zazueta FS, Xin J ed. Proceedings of the World Congress of Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 13-15 March 2002, Iguaçu Falls, Brazil. Publication No. 701P0301, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, MI 49085. Pp. 290-296; Teske, M.E., Valcore, D.L., Hewitt, A.J., An analytical ground sprayer model (2001) 2001 American Society of Agricultural Engineers International Meeting, , Presented at, Sacramento, California, 30 July-1 August; Teske, M.E., Bird, S.L., Esterly, D.M., Curbishley, T.B., Ray, W.L., Perry, S.G., AgDRIFT®: A model for estimating near-field spray drift from aerial applications (2002) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21 (3), pp. 659-671; Teske, M.E., Thistle, H.W., Ice, G.G., Technical advances in modeling aerially applied sprays (2003) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 46 (4), pp. 985-996; Teske, M.E., Thistle, H.W., Hewitt, A.J., Valcore, D.L., Droplet evaporation corrections for aerial spray drift modeling 1: Theoretical considerations (2003) Atomization and Sprays, 13, pp. 243-250; Teske, M.E., Birchfield, N.B., Bird, S.L., Development and validation of a mechanistic ground sprayer model (2004) 2004 American Society of Agricultural Engineers/Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering International Meeting, , Presented at, Ottawa, Canada, 1-4 August; Teske ME, Thistle, HW 2008. A Model for Multi-Component Evaporation of Aerial Sprays. Presented at the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers International Meeting, Providence, Rhode Island, 29 June-2 July 2008; Zabkiewicz, J.A., Steele, K.D., Praat, J.P., Determination of spray drift using multiple metal cations as tracers (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 159-163 PY - 2008 SP - 164-168 ST - Evaluation of the AGDISP ground boom spray drift model T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of the AGDISP ground boom spray drift model UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749088313&partnerID=40&md5=eac53228ac3cf743e0ed3298d0e70baa VL - 61 ID - 445 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, and its eggs are widely used to rear parasitoids and predators for biological control programmes. The laboratory investigations of circadian rhythms and lifespan patterns described in this paper have shown that females had significantly shorter developmental duration from egg to adult than males. Emergence occurred throughout the 24 h cycle in both sexes with a peak at dusk. Mating mainly occurred during scotophase and peaked on the emergence day, while oviposition peaked 1 day after emergence. Calling, courtship and mating peaked in the second half of scotophase, and oviposition peaked at the start of scotophase. Permanently paired insects mated up to 3 times, with an average of 2 ± 0.13 matings. Dissection of dead females showed the number of spermatophores in the bursa copulatrix equalled the number of observed matings. AU - Xu, J. AU - Wang, Q. AU - He, X. Z. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ayvaz, A., Albayrak, S., Tuncbilek, A.S., Inherited sterility in Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Effect of gamma radiation on insect fecundity, fertility and developmental period (2007) Journal of Stored Products Research, 43, pp. 234-239; Benz, G., Physiology, reproduction and ecology (1991) Tortricid pests: Their biology, natural enemies and control, pp. 89-155. , van Der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH ed, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. Pp; Bremer H 1926. Über die tageszeitliche konstanz im Schlüpftermine der imagines einiger insekten und ihre experimentelle beeinflussbarkeit. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Insekt-Biologie, Bd. XXI: 209-216; Calvert, I., Corbet, S.A., Reproductive maturation and pheromone release in the flour moth Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (1973) Journal of Entomology, A, 47, pp. 201-209; Corbet, S.A., Oviposition pheromone in larval mandibular glands of Ephestia kuehniella (1973) Nature, 243, pp. 537-538; Dickins, G.R., The scent glands of certain Phycitidae (Lepidoptera) (1936) Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 85, pp. 331-362; Giebultowicz, J.M., Molecular mechanism and cellular distribution of insect circadian clocks (2000) Annual Review of Entomology, 45, pp. 769-793; Karalius, V., Buda, V., Mating delay effect on moths' reproduction: Correlation between reproduction success and calling activity in females Ephestia kuehniella, Cydia pomonella, Yponomeuta cognagellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Tortricidae, Yponomeutidae) (1995) Pheromones, 5, pp. 169-190; Kraaijeveld, K., Katsoyannos, B.I., Stavrinides, M., Kouloussis, N.A., Chapman, T., Remating in wild females of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (2005) Animal Behaviour, 69, pp. 771-776; Lima, F.M., Favero, S., Lima, J.O.G., Production of the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on an artificial diet containing corn meal (2001) Neotropical Entomology, 30, pp. 37-42; Moeiaety, F., The 24-hr rhythm of emergence of Ephestia kuhniella Zell. from the pupa (1959) Journal of Insect Physiology, 3, pp. 357-366; Norris, M.J., Contributions towards the study of insect fertility-III. Adult nutrition, fecundity, and longevity in the genus Ephestia (Lepidoptera, Phycitidae) (1934) Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 333-360; Rahman, M.M., Roberts, H.L.S., Schmidt, O., The development of the endoparasitoid Venturia canescens in Bt-tolerant, immune induced larvae of the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (2004) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 87, pp. 129-131; Rhainds, M., Gries, G., Min, M.M., Size- and density-dependent reproductive success of bagworms, Metisa plana (1999) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 91, pp. 375-383; Saunders, D.S., (1982) Insect clocks, , Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K. 409 pp; Trematerra, P., Control of Ephestia kuehniella Zell by sex-pheromones in the flour mills (1994) Anzeiger Fur Schadlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz, 67, pp. 74-77; Xu, J., Wang, Q., He, X.Z., Influence of larval density on biological fitness of Ephestia kuehniela Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 199-202; Zar, J.H., (1999) Biostatistical analysis, , Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 663 pp PY - 2008 SP - 277-282 ST - Emergence and reproductive rhythms of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Emergence and reproductive rhythms of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749086556&partnerID=40&md5=f96da07f7bfec771294f6b1582d83f70 VL - 61 ID - 491 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tasmanian lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae (Walker), is an important predator of many aphid species. This study investigated the effect of four photoperiods on predation, development and oviposition of M. tasmaniae in the laboratory at 21 ± 1°C and 60% RH. Results indicated that no individuals entered diapause at either immature or adult stage. At each photoperiod, late instar larvae consumed significantly more aphids than early instar larvae (P<0.0001). Developmental period of M. tasmaniae from egg to adult was significantly shorter at 24:0 and 16:8 h (light:dark) than at 12:12 and 0:24 h (P<0.0001). Pupal mortality was significantly lower at 16:8 and 12:12 h. The reproductive period decreased significantly with increasing day length. However, fecundity and fertility were significantly higher at 16:8 and 12:12 h (P<0.0001). The sex ratio was male-biased with no significant difference between photoperiods. The significance of these results in the understanding of foraging behaviour and mass rearing is discussed. AU - Yadav, A. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Balasubramani, V., Swamiappan, M., Development and feeding potential of the green lacewing Chrysoperla cornea Steph. (Neur. Chrysopidae) on different insect pests of cotton (1994) Journal of Insect Science, 67, pp. 165-167; Balduf WV 1974, The bionomics of entomophagous insects, Part II. J. S. Swift, New York. 384 pp; Beck, S.D., (1980) Insect photoperiodism, , Academic Press, New York. 387 pp; Cameron, P., Walker, G., Workman, P., Wright, P., Fletcher, J., Stufkens, M., Curtis, C., (2007) Integrated pest management in lettuce: An information guide for outdoor head lettuce, , New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand; Cameron, P.J., Allan, D.J., Walker, G.P., Wightman, J.A., Management experiments on aphids (Acrythosiphon spp.) and beneficial insects in lucerne (1983) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 11, pp. 343-347; Canard M, Volkovich TA 2001. Outlines of lacewing development. In: McEwen PK, New TR, Whittington AE ed. Lacewings in the crop environment. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 30-153; Grimal, A., Canard, M., Modalités du développement de Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) au laboratoire. (1990) Neuroptera International, 6, pp. 107-115; Kevan, D.K.M.E., Klimaszewski, J., The Hemerobiidae of Canada and Alaska. Genus Hemerobius L (1987) Giornale Italiano di Entomologia, 3, pp. 305-369; Leathwick, D.M., Winterbourn, M.J., Arthropod predation on aphids in a lucerne crop (1984) New Zealand Entomologist, 8, pp. 75-80; Miller, G.L., Cave, R.D., Bionomics of Micromus posticus (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerbiidae) with descriptions of the immature stages (1987) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, pp. 776-789; Orlova, N.A., Effect of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (1998) Acta Zoologica Fennica, 209, pp. 195-202; Rohitha, B.H., Penman, D.R., Flight of the bluegreen aphid, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji (Homoptera: Aphididae). III. Comparison of trapping methods for A. kondoi and natural enemies (1986) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 13, pp. 215-220; Rumpf, S., Frampton, C., Chapman, B., Acute toxicity of insecticides to Micromus tasmaniae (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) and Chrysoperla cornea (Neuroptera: Chrysopideae): LC50 and LC90 estimates for various test durations (1997) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, pp. 34-40; Samson PR, Blood PRB 1980. Vorocity and serching ability of Chrysopa signala (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Micromus tasmaniae (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae), and Tropiconabis capsiformis (Hemiptera: Nabidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 28: 575-580; Szentkiralyi F 2001. Ecology and habitat relationships. In: McEwen PK, New TR, Whittington AE ed. Lacewings in the crop environment. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 82-116; Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Masaki, S., (1986) Seasonal adaptations of insects, , Oxford University Press, New York; Workman, P.J., Stufkens, M.A.W., Martin, N.A., Butler, R.C., Testing for pesticide resistance in lettuce aphid (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 239-243 PY - 2008 SP - 338-342 ST - Effect of photoperiod on development and reproduction in tasmanian lacewing Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of photoperiod on development and reproduction in tasmanian lacewing Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749089680&partnerID=40&md5=4de2974e1872fe1d2f9f23ff5a0c846d VL - 61 ID - 466 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An alternative method to the use of dyes in spray drift estimation has been developed using different metal cations with each spray solution. This removes the need to collect the targets until all the spray events have been completed. Spray drift trials were conducted with a tractor plus boom over a grass sward with plastic tape as the collector to capture ground spray deposits. The extracted deposits from the collectors were quantified by ICP-MS. The advantages of using cations are that they are stable, very low levels of detection are possible, analytical and operational costs are reduced and they are non-phytotoxic at operational amounts. AU - Zabkiewicz, J. A. AU - Steele, K. D. AU - Praat, J. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anon. 2005. ISO 22866. Equipment for crop protection - methods for field measurement of spray drift. International Organisation for Standardisation, Tech Committee ISO/ TC 23. Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC6. Equipment for Crop Protection. Geneva, Switzerland; Brown, R.B., Carter, M.H., Stephenson, G.R., Buffer zone and windbreak effects on spray drift deposition in a simulated wetland (2004) Pest Management Science, 60, pp. 1085-1090; Brusselman, E., Spanoghue, P., Steurbaut, W., Van der Meeren, P., Gabriels, D., Wind tunnel evaluation of a drift model using a NaCl-solution as tracer (2004) Aspects of Applied Biology, 71, pp. 467-472; Cross, J.V., Walklate, P.J., Murray, R.A., Richardson, G.M., Spray deposits and losses in different sized apple trees from an axial fan orchard sprayer: 1. Effects of spray liquid flow (2001) Crop Protection, 20, pp. 13-30; Gil, Y., Sinfort, C., Emission of pesticides to the air during sprayer application: A bibliographic review (2005) Atmospheric Environment, 39, pp. 5183-5193; Spanoghe, P., De Schampheleire, M., Van der Meeren, P., Steurbaut, W., Influence of adjuvants on droplet spectra (2007) Pest Management Science, 63, pp. 4-16; Teske, M.E., Valcore, D.L., Hewitt, A.J., An analytical ground sprayer model (2001) American Society of Agricultural Engineers International Meeting, , Presented at, Sacramento, California, 30 July-1 August; Thistle, H.W., Ice, G., Karsky, R., Spray capture by a riparian barrier. In: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, Minneapolis, USA (2007) ASABE meeting, , http://asae.frymulti.com/request.asp, Paper No. 071148, Minneapolis, USA, 17-20 June, accessed October 2007; Ucar, T., Hall, F.R., Tew, J.E., Hacker, J.K., Wind tunnel studies on spray deposition on leaves of tree species used for windbreaks and exposure of honey bees (2003) Pest Management Science, 59, pp. 358-364; Woodward, S.J.R., Connell, R.J., Zabkiewicz, J.A., Steele, K.D., Praat, J.P., Evaluation of the AGDISP ground boom spray drift model (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 164-168 PY - 2008 SP - 159-163 ST - Determination of spray drift using multiple metal cations as tracers T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Determination of spray drift using multiple metal cations as tracers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-53749100541&partnerID=40&md5=2fd756cede12fc2dfb81f495bb88e14b VL - 61 ID - 480 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In common with other root knot nematodes Meloidogyne hapla is a serious plant pest. A rapid screening system for candidate microbes that benefit plant growth is a first step to developing screening bioassays in other plant-nematode systems. Cultures of M. hapla established on tomatoes were used to define the nematode damage function, and required bioassay duration for this plant-pest system, followed by scale-up to a glasshouse level. The quantities of Meloidogyne inoculum were chosen such that they would cause minor, moderate or severe plant damage; hence the degree of protection afforded by the microbes in bioassays could be readily evaluated. An inoculation rate of 3542 eggs/plant caused a significant reduction in shoot weight (30%) and an increase in root galling in excess of 50%. Percentage of root gall and root gall index were good indicators of nematode impact and provide a relatively quick method of assessment. AU - Aalders, L. T. AU - Minchin, R. AU - Hill, R. A. AU - Braithwaite, M. AU - Bell, N. L. AU - Stewart, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Meloidogyne hapla (2002) Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, , Anonymous Distribution map Edition 1. Map No. 853; (2006) Faostat., , http://faostat.fao.org/, Anonymous accessed 27 March 2009; Barker, K.R., Introduction and synopsis of advancements in nematology (1998) Plant Nematode Interactions, pp. 1-20. , Barker KR, Pederson GA, Windham GL ed. American Society of Agronomy Inc., Crop Science Society of America Inc., Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison; Barker, K.R., Shoemaker, P.B., Nelson, L.A., Relationships of initial population densities of meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla to yield of tomato (1976) Journal of Nematology, 8, pp. 232-239; Bridge, J., Page, S.L.J., Estimation of root-knot nematode infestation levels on roots using a rating chart (1980) Tropical Pest Management, 26, pp. 296-298; Carter, C.C., Literature search: Host range of Meloidogyne hapla (1985) International Nematology Network Newsletter, 2, pp. 16-24; Eisenback, J.D., Triantaphyllou, H.H., Root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne species and races (1991) Manual of Agricultural Nematology, pp. 191-274. , Nickle WR ed; Hussey, R.S., Barker, K.R., A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne sp., including a new technique (1973) Plant Disease Reporter, 57, pp. 1025-1028; Jepson, S.B., Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) (1987) CAB International, p. 265. , Wallingford, UK; Knight, K.W.L., Barber, C.J., Page, G.D., Plant-parasitic nematodes of New Zealand recorded by host association (1997) Journal of Nematology, 29 (4 SUPPL.), pp. 640-656; (2007) Estimated % Loses Due to Nematodes, , http://www.biology.leeds.ac.uk/nem/nematech/biosafety/biosafety.htm(, Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, UK. accessed 27 March 2009; Olthof, T.H.A., Potter, J.W., Effects of population densities of Meloidogyne hapla on growth and yield of tomato (1977) Journal of Nematology, 9, pp. 296-300; Stephan, Z.A., The effect of different densities of Meloidogyne ardenensis and of three populations of M. hapla on the growth of tomato at four soil temperatures (1983) Nematologia Mediterranea, 11, pp. 93-100; Talavera, M., Itou, K., Mizukubo, T., Reduction of nematode damage by root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus spp.) in tomato-meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Meloidognidae) and carrot-pratylenchus penetrans (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) pathosystems (2001) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 36, pp. 387-392; Viaene, N.M., Simoens, P., Abawi, G.S., SeinFit, a computer program for the estimation of the Seinhorst equation (1997) Journal of Nematology, 29 (4), pp. 474-477 PY - 2009 SP - 28-33 ST - Development of a tomato/root knot nematode bioassay to screen beneficial microbes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of a tomato/root knot nematode bioassay to screen beneficial microbes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749125890&partnerID=40&md5=c85da9a1220028a45653075a04bafc16 VL - 62 ID - 383 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dispersal of spores was investigated for the Botryosphaeria species that are responsible for dieback in grapevines. Trapping for spores was carried out in a Canterbury vineyard during May 2008-April 2009 to investigate spore availability during the year. No spores characteristic of the Botryosphaeriaceae were collected on Vaseline® slides, which were considered suitable for wind dispersed spores, although spores of other fungi were collected. However, traps that collected rainwater runoff yielded conidia of the Botryosphaeriaceae. In haemocytometer counts of spores they were initially identified by morphology, and subsequently confirmed by PCR of rDNA followed by DNA sequencing. During the trapping period, 59.8% of the total Botryosphaeriaceae caught were Neofusicoccum spp. and 40.2% were Diplodia spp. These were present throughout the entire year, with most abundant conidia being detected during December, January and February, when summer temperatures were high and when routine trimming of mature canes provided the wounds needed for infection. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :27 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Distribution, identification and inoculum sources of Botryosphaeria species found in New Zealand vineyards (2007) Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference, p. 58. , Adelaide Abstract only; Alves, A., Phillips, A.J.L., Henriques, I., Correia, A., Evaluation of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis as a method for the identification of Botryosphaeria species (2005) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 245 (2), pp. 221-229. , DOI 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.005; Britton, K.O., Hendrix, F.F., Population dynamics of Botryosphaeria spp. in peach gummosis cankers (1986) Plant Disease, 70, pp. 134-136; Copes, W.E., Hendrix, F.F., Effect of temperature on sporulation of Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. obtusa, and B. rhodina (2004) Plant Disease, 88 (3), pp. 292-296; Denman, S., Crous, P.W., Taylor, J.E., Kang, J.-C., Pascoe, I., Wingfield, M.J., An overview of the taxonomie history of Botryosphaeria, and a re-isolation of its anamorphs based on morphology and ITS rDNA phytogeny (2000) Studies in Mycology, 43, pp. 129-140; Epstein, L., Kaur, S., Vandergheynst, J.S., Botryosphaeria-related dieback and control investigated in non coastal California grapevines (2008) California Agriculture, 62 (4), pp. 161-166; Pennycook, S.R., Samuels, G.J., Botryosphaeria and Fusicoccum species associated with ripe fruit rot of Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit) in New Zealand (1985) Mycotaxon, 24, pp. 445-458; Phillips, A.J.L., Botryosphaeria species associated with diseases of grapevines in Portugal (2002) Phytopathology Mediterranean, 41, pp. 3-18; Pusey, P.L., Availability and dispersal of ascospores and conidia of Botryosphaeria in peach orchards (1989) Phytopathology, 79, pp. 635-639; Sutton, T.B., Production and dispersal of ascospores and conidia by Physalospora obtusa and Botryosphaeria dothidea in apple orchards (1981) Phytopathology, 71, pp. 584-589; Taylor, A., Hardy, G.E.S., Wood, P., Burgess, T., Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria species associated with grapevine decline in Western Australia (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34 (2), pp. 187-195 PY - 2009 SP - 228-233 ST - Rainwater dispersal of Botryosphaeria conidia from infected grapevines T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Rainwater dispersal of Botryosphaeria conidia from infected grapevines UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749155452&partnerID=40&md5=ff1bc1d8c0328366b6217a75af1ca495 VL - 62 ID - 405 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Convention on Biological Diversity promotes equitable and respectful sharing of access to, and benefits from genetic resources. Parties to the convention have agreed to negotiate and develop an Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) regime to take effect in 2010. Currently some countries have restricted access to their biological resources. To consider issues pertaining to biological control, the Global IOBC (International Organisation for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants) has established a Commission on Biological Control and Access and Benefit-Sharing. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation) Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (GRFA) has invited the IOBC Commission to prepare a report on the case for biological control agents. The global exchange of biological control agents is considered critical to food security and sustainable agriculture, and reaching a consensus on this issue is a high priority. The process for this and the importance of protecting New Zealand's interests in biological control is discussed in this paper. AU - Barratt, B. I. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Biber-Klemm, S., Martinez, S., (2006) Access and Benefit Sharing: Good Practice for Academic Research on Genetic Resources., p. 58. , Swiss Academy of Sciences, Bern; (1993) Convention on Biological Diversity (With Annexes)., 1760, pp. 142-382. , Convention on Biological Diversity Concluded at Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992. United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Treaty Series. 30619; Hill, R.L., Ireson, J.E., Sheppard, A.W., Gourlay, A.H., Norambuena, H., Markin, G.P., Kwong, R.M., Coombs, E.M., A global view of the future for biological control of gorse, Ulex europaeus L (2007) Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds., pp. 680-686; (2008) IOBC Global Newsletter. International Organisation for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants., (84), p. 21. , http://www.iobc-wprs.org/pub/IOBCGlobalNewsletter84October2008.pdf, IOBC (accessed 31 May 2009); Jinnah, S., Jungcurt, S., Could access requirements stifle your research? (2009) Science, 323, pp. 464-465; (2007) Bioprospecting - Harnessing Benefits for New Zealand: A Policy Framework Discussion., p. 56. , Ministry of Economic Development Ministry of Economic Development, Wellington, New Zealand; Bonn guidelines on access to genetic resources and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their utilization (2002) Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, p. 20. , Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Montreal, Canada; (2008) Access and Benefit-sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors., p. 140. , Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity UNEP. Montreal, Canada PY - 2009 SP - 152-155 ST - A review of access and benefit-sharing for biological control: What does it mean for New Zealand? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A review of access and benefit-sharing for biological control: What does it mean for New Zealand? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749172210&partnerID=40&md5=632e825945283f1aa5581858624d01e8 VL - 62 ID - 382 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Four Botryosphaeria species isolated from grapevine, namely Diplodia seriata (teleomorph B. obtusa), Diplodia mutila (teleomorph B. stevensii), Neofusicoccum parvum (syn. B. parva) and Neofusicoccum luteum (syn. B. lutea), were stored using 11 different methods. Duplicate isolates were stored for 1, 3 and 6 months as mycelium-colonised agar plugs and pycnidia, in sterile water, mineral oil, 20% glycerol or potato dextrose agar (PDA) at room temperature (RT), 4°C or -80°C. The viability of the four Botryosphaeria species was similar (81-100%) for all storage methods apart from pycnidia on pine needles at RT (68%), but their overall growth rates differed between the storage methods (P<0.001) and storage times (P<0.001). Of the methods tested, mycelium plugs stored in sterile water at 4°C or in glycerol at -80°C retained highest growth rates. AU - Baskarathevan, J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Ridgway, H. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alves, A., Phillips, A.J.L., Henriques, I., Correia, A., Evaluation of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis as a method for the identification of Botryosphaeria species (2005) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 245 (2), pp. 221-229. , DOI 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.005; Burdsali Jr., H.H., Dorworth, E.B., Preserving cultures of wood-decaying Basidiomycotina using sterile distilled water in cryovials (1994) Mycologia, 86, pp. 275-280; Hajek, A.E., Shimazu, M., Humber, R.A., Instability in pathogenicity of Entomophaga maimaiga after long-term cryopreservation (1995) Mycologia, 87, pp. 483-489; Slippers, B., Johnson, G.I., Crous, P.W., Coutinho, T.A., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., Phylogenetic and morphological re-evaluation of the Botryosphaeria species causing diseases of Mangifera indica (2005) Mycologia, 97 (1), pp. 99-110; Smith, D., Onions, A.H.S., The preservation and maintenance of living fungi, 2nd edition (1994) IMI Technical Handbook, 2, 122p. , CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom; Van Niekerk, J.M., Fourie, P.H., Halleen, F., Crous, P.W., Botryosphaeria spp. as grapevine trunk disease pathogens (2006) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 45, pp. 43-54; Waller, J.M., Lenné, J.M., Waller, S.J., (2002) Plant Pathologist's Pocketbook, 516p. , 3rd edition. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom PY - 2009 SP - 234-237 ST - Evaluation of different storage methods for rapidand cost-effective preservation of Botryosphaeria species T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of different storage methods for rapidand cost-effective preservation of Botryosphaeria species UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749137608&partnerID=40&md5=9cbeb0233f48baaad0f5c05cd8a5d308 VL - 62 ID - 437 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New Zealand's primary production relies on pesticides to protect crops against diseases, invertebrate pests and weeds so that our agricultural systems continue to be competitive in world markets. Unfortunately, the repeated use of some pesticides can lead to the development of resistance in some pest species. Pests here include fungi and bacteria (plant diseases), insects and mites (invertebrate pests) and weeds. Resistance is the loss of field control of a pest when a pesticide that would normally give control at recommended application rates is used. It is not a change in the pesticide active ingredient, but rather is a genetic change in the pest that allows individuals in the population to survive in the presence of the pesticide. Resistant individuals are selected by repeated use of the pesticide until they become dominant, possibly leading to pest control failure. Modern selective pesticides, which target specific single sites in pest biochemical pathways, are more likely to select for resistance than older multi-site, broad spectrum pesticides. Consequently, the resistance risk that accompanies new pesticide chemistry is usually well researched and specific resistance management recommendations are generally released along with new pesticides. The main strategies for combating resistance to atrisk pesticides are to limit the number of applications, restrict use to certain crop growth stages and to alternate or mix them with other effective pesticides with a different mode of action. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Follas, G. B. AU - Hagerty, G. C. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Martin, N. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Elliott, G.S., Wearing, C.H., Suckling, D.M., Formation of the New Zealand committee on pesticide resistance (1987) Proceedings of the 40th New Zealand Weed & Pest Control Conference, pp. 84-89; (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention and Management Strategies 2005, p. 166. , Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington KC ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Hastings, New Zealand PY - 2009 SP - 393-394 ST - The New Zealand committee on pesticide resistance (NZCPR) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The New Zealand committee on pesticide resistance (NZCPR) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749158895&partnerID=40&md5=10e496ca11c8c956cdc198e554cce48e VL - 62 ID - 394 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Classical biological control is being attempted for Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Nolinae), an Australian eucalypt pest established in New Zealand. The Australian solitary larval endoparasitoid Cotesia urabae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the most promising agent under investigation. A non-target species list was compiled for host range testing. The endemic species Celama parvitis is the sole New Zealand representative of the Nolinae and was highest priority. The next most closely related subfamily is the Arctiinae, of which New Zealand has four endemic species (Metacrias huttoni, M. erichrysa, M. strategica and Nyctemera annulata) and one introduced biological control agent (Tyriajacobaeae). The merits of including other, more distantly related, members of the Noctuidae, and unrelated Lepidoptera filling a similar niche are discussed. AU - Berndt, L. A. AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Mansfield, S. AU - Hoare, R. J. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allen, G.R., The phenologies of Cotesia urabae, Dolichogenidea eucalypti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and their host Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Adelaide region (1990) Australian Journal of Zoology, 38, pp. 347-362; Allen, G.R., Influence of host behaviour and host size on the success of oviposition of Cotesia urabae and Dolichogenidea eucalypti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1990) Journal of Insect Behaviour, 3 (6), pp. 733-749; Austin, A.D., Allen, G.R., Parasitoids of Uraba lugens Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Australia, with description of two new species of Braconidae (1989) Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 113 (4), pp. 169-184; Bejakovich, D., Dugdale, J.S., (1997) Keys to Late-instar Larvae and Adults of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) Encountered in Field Surveys and Border Control in New Zealand, p. 55. , MAF Quality Management and Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Wellington; Berndt, L.A., Mansfield, S., Withers, T.M., A method for host range testing of a biological control agent for Uraba lugens (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 286-290; Berndt, L.A., Withers, T.M., Challenges in assessing risk posed by new forestry incursions: Uraba lugens as a case study (2009) IUFRO International Forest Biosecurity Conference, Popular Summaries, pp. 37-40. , Richardson M, Hodgson C, Forbes A (compilers). NZFRI Bulletin No 233 [ISBN 0-478-11023-5]; Berry, J.A., Mansfield, S., Hyperparasitoids of the gum leaf skeletoniser, Uraba lugens Walker (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), with implications for the selection of a biological control agent for Uraba lugens in New Zealand (2006) Australian Journal of Entomology, 45 (3), pp. 215-218. , DOI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2006.00532.x; Briese, D.T., Walker, A., Choosing the right plants to test: The host-specificity of Longitarsus sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential biological control agent of Heliotropium amplexicaule (2008) Biological Control, 44, pp. 271-285; Dugdale, J.S., Lepidoptera - Annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa (1988) Fauna of New Zealand, (14). , DSIR, Wellington, New Zealand; Edwards, E.D., Noctuidae (1996) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera, (4), p. 292. , Nielsen ES, Edwards ED, Rangsi TV ed. 314; Emberson, R.M., Forest and timber insects (1984) New Zealand Pest and Beneficial Insects, pp. 191-204. , Scott RR ed. Lincoln University College of Agriculture, Canterbury, New Zealand; Gibbs, G.W., The New Zealand genus Metacrias Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) systematics and distribution (1962) Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Zoology), 2 (19), pp. 153-167; Godfray, H.C.J., (1994) Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology, p. 473. , Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Hoddle, M.S., Analysis of fauna in the receiving area for the purpose of identifying native species that exotic natural enemies may potentially attack (2004) Assessing Host Ranges for Parasitoids and Predators Used for Classical Biological Control: A Guide to Best Practice, , Van Driesche RG, Reardon R ed. Forest Heath Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Hudson, G.V., (1928) The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. Ferguson & Osborn Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand; Kitching, I.J., Rawlins, J.E., The noctuoidae (1998) Handbook of Zoology Vol. IV Arthropoda: Insecta. Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Vol.1: Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography, pp. 355-402. , Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York Kristensen NP ed; Kriticos, D.J., Potter, K.J.B., Alexander, N.S., Gibb, A.R., Suckling, D.M., Using a pheromone lure survey to establish the native and potential distribution of an invasive Lepidopteran, Uraba lugens (2007) Journal of Applied Ecology, 44 (4), pp. 853-863; Kuhlmann, U., Schaffner, U., Mason, P.G., Selection of non-target species for host specificity testing (2006) Environmental Impact of Invertebrates for Biological Control of Arthropods, , Bigler F, Babendreier D, Kuhlmann U ed. CABI International, Wallingford, UK; Lafontaine, J.D., Fibiger, M., Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) (2006) Canadian Entomologist, 138 (5), pp. 610-635; Matthews, M., Patrick, B., A new diurnal species of Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) endemic to New Zealand (1998) Journal of Natural History, 32 (2), pp. 263-271; Messing, R.H., Centrifugal phytogeny as a basis for non-target host testing in biological control: Is it relevant for parasitoids? (2001) Phytoparasitica, 29, pp. 187-189; Mitchell, A., Mitter, C., Regier, J.C., Systematics and evolution of the cutworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): evidence from two protein-coding nuclear genes (2006) Systematic Entomology, 31, pp. 21-46; Patrick, B.H., Patrick, H., Edwards, E., Tiger moths and pheromones (2003) The Weta, 25, pp. 14-17; Sheppard, A.W., Van Klinken, R.D., Heard, T.A., Scientific advances in the analysis of direct risks of weed biological control agents to non-target plants (2005) Biological Control, 35, pp. 215-226; Singh, P., Mabbett, F.E., Note on the life history of the magpie moth, Nyctemera annulata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) (1976) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 3, pp. 277-278; Somerfield, K.G., Greenhouse and Ornamental Pests (1984) New Zealand Pest and Beneficial Insects, pp. 65-92. , Scott RR ed. Lincoln University College of Agriculture Canterbury, New Zealand; Syrett, P., Biological control of ragwort in New Zealand - A review (1983) Australian Weeds, 2, pp. 96-101; Walker, F., List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum Part XXVIII (1863) Tortricites and Tineites, pp. 287-561. , British Museum (Natural History), London PY - 2009 SP - 168-173 ST - Non-target species selection for host range testing of cotesia urabae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Non-target species selection for host range testing of cotesia urabae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749111105&partnerID=40&md5=22c25b93e2f84336aadc71bca0226164 VL - 62 ID - 402 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tomato/potato Psyllid (Bactericera Cockerelli) Was First Recorded in New Zealand in 2006, and is Now A Significant Pest of Solanaceous Crops in Both Glasshouses and Flds.. Given the Potential Impact of This Insect and Its Assoc. Pathog.(s) on Crop Yields, Immediate Contr. Options Are Required. Thirteen Insecticides Were Selected for Test.. in Lab. Bioassays, Insecticides Were Appl. at Recommended Fld. Rates as A Spray (12 Chem.) or A Seedling Drench (1 Chem.). the Recorded Mortality of Tomato/potato Psyllid Nymphs 48 H after Spraying with Dichlorvos, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Methomyl, Taufluvalinate, Methamidophos and Abamectin Was 98-100%. after 168 h, Applic. of Azadirachtin, Spiromesifen, Abamectin, Spirotetramat and Thiacloprid Gave 82-100% Mortality, while Buprofezin, Pymetrozine and Imidacloprid Drench Gave 36-53% Mortality of Nymphs. Further Tests Are Required to Confirm the Efficacy under Cropping Conditions. AU - Berry, N. A. AU - Walker, M. K. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :17 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2008) Managing Insect Pests and Minimising Insecticide Resistance in Potatoes: An Interim Strategy., , Anon. Potatoes New Zealand, Horticulture New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand; New Zealand novachem agrichemical manual (2009) AgriMedia Ltd, Ashcroft House, p. 779. , Anon. Christchurch, New Zealand; (2009) Koppert Biological Systems Ltd. Side-effects., , http://side-effects.koppert.nl/#, Anon. (accessed 27 May 2009); (2009) Evaluation of the New Active Spirotetramat in the Product Movento 240 SC Insecticide., p. 57. , www.apvma.gov.au/publications/download/prs_spirotetramat.pdf, Anon. Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. Canberra, Australia, (accessed 27 May 2009); Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., Hodson, A.J., Kale, A.J., Herman, T.J.B., Trends in IPM and insecticide use in processing tomatoes in New Zealand (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 421-427; Cranshaw, S.W., Hein, G.L., (2004) Potato Psyllid., , http://highplainsipm.org/HpIPMSearch/Docs/potatopsyllid-potato.htm, Potato XXII; (last updated 4 December 2004, accessed 21 February 2007); (1995) Integrated Pest Management., p. 356. , Dent D ed. Chapman and Hall, London; Elbert, A., Bruck, E., Melgarejo, J., Schnorbach, H.J., Sone, S., Field development of Oberon ®for whitefly and mite control in vegetables, cotton, corn, strawberries, ornamentals and tea (2005) Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer, 58 (3), pp. 441-468; Liu, D.G., Trumble, J.T., Interactions of plant resistance and insecticides on the development and survival of Bactericera cockerelli [Sulc] (Homoptera: Psyllidae) (2005) Crop Protection, 24 (2), pp. 111-117; Liu, D.G., Trumble, J.T., Stouthamer, R., Molecular characterisation indicates recent introductions of potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) into western North American are genetically different from eastern populations (2006) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 118, pp. 177-183; Liu, D.G., Trumble, J.T., Comparative fitness of invasive and native populations of the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) (2007) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 123 (1), pp. 35-42; Martin, N.A., History of biocontrol in the protected cropping industry in Australia and New Zealand (2008) Proceedings of the Australia and New Zealand Biocontrol Conference 2008, p. 51. , 10-14 February, Sydney, Australia, (Abstract only); Martin, N.A., Beresford, R.M., Harrington, K.C., Pesticide resistance: Prevention and management strategies 2005 (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, p. 225. , Hastings, New Zealand; McCullagh, P., Neider, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models., , Chapman & Hall, London; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with "Zebra Chip," a new potato disease in southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3), pp. 656-663; Pena, J.E., Duncan, R., Klema, E., Hunsberger, A., Evaluation of direct and indirect action of insecticides and acaricides for control of lime and avocado pests (1999) Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 112, pp. 213-217; Teulon, D.A.J., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielsen, M.-C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Trumble, J.T., (2006) The Tomato Psyllid: A New Problem on Tomatoes in California and Baja Mexico., , http://ceventura.ucdavis.edu/VegetableCrops/TomatoPsyllid.htm, (last accessed 20 April 2009); Van Toor, R.F., Teulon, D.A.J., Insecticide practice for aphid control in potatoes (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 235-241; Van Toor, R.F., Martin, N., Teulon, D.A.J., Tomato/potato psyllid in New Zealand: Immediate and future options for control with insecticides in covered crops - Revised August 2008 (2008) Crop & Food Research Confidential Report No 2223. New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, p. 28. , Christchurch, New Zealand; (2009) Bumble Bees and Biological Control, , www.zonda.net.nz/biocontrol.asp, Zonda Resources Ltd (accessed 27 May 2009) PY - 2009 SP - 145-151 ST - Laboratory studies to determine the efficacy of selected insecticides on tomato/potato psyllid T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Laboratory studies to determine the efficacy of selected insecticides on tomato/potato psyllid UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749147412&partnerID=40&md5=15c350300355b0247d61233eba1535da VL - 62 ID - 399 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding how growers monitor their own pesticide use helps determine the most appropriate tools for recordkeeping. To investigate pesticide recording and reporting in the onion and brassica industries, a telephone survey of 122 farmers was conducted in July 2008. Most respondents were recording pesticide use (n=118, 97%). There were significant differences between domestic- and export-focussed growers. Export-focussed growers were more likely to have electronic systems for recording pesticide use and were more likely to use the information for calculating and reducing production costs. Approximately 90% of growers indicated that records were useful to help meet regulatory requirements and provide information for residue or spray drift queries. The ability to trace pesticide use to individual properties was considered important by 90% of growers as long as there was industry control over access to that information. These results have implications for the design and implementation of Decision Support Systems for pesticide use. AU - Bewsell, D. T. AU - Kira, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cameron, P.J., Factors influencing die development of integrated pest management (IPM) in selected vegetable crops: A review (2007) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35, pp. 365-384; Campbell, H., Lawrence, G., Smith, K., Audit cultures and the antipodes: The Implications of eurepGAP for New Zealand and Australian agri-food industries (2006) Research in Rural Sociology and Development, 12, pp. 69-93. , DOI 10.1016/S1057-1922(06)12004-1, PII S1057192206120041, Between the Local and the Global Confronting Complexity in the Contemporary Agri-Food Sector; Frisvold, G.B., Data, information, and rural environmental policy: What will the next ten years bring? (2000) Review of Agricultural Economics, 22, pp. 237-244; (2007), http://www.freshvegetables.co.nz/products/alliums.html, Horticulture New Zealand Product group>Alliums. (accessed 8 April 2009); (2007), http://www.freshvegetables.co.nz/products/brassicas.html, Horticulture New Zealand Product group>Brassicas. (accessed 8 April 2009); McCown, R.L., Changing systems for supporting farmers' decisions: Problems, paradigms, and prospects (2002) Agricultural Systems, 74, pp. 179-220; Manktelow, D., Stevens, P., Walker, J., Gumsey, S., Park, N., Zabkiewicz, J., Teulon, D., Rahman, A., (2005) Trends in Pesticide Use in New Zealand: 2004, p. 78. , http://www.hortresearch.co.nz/files/science/ifp/nz-pesticide-trends.pdf, Report to die Ministry for the Environment, Project SMF4193. HortResearch Client Report No. 17692. (accessed 31 May 2009) PY - 2009 SP - 328-332 ST - Recording and reporting pesticide use in the onion and brassica industries T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Recording and reporting pesticide use in the onion and brassica industries UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749153378&partnerID=40&md5=07cb210c25dab2734b35d90b1db8cfeb VL - 62 ID - 386 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spontaneous rifampicin-resistant strains of two bacterial biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus polymyxa, with potential to control Aphanomyces euteiches root rot of peas, were used to assess bacterial survival in soil and colonisation of pea seedling roots. The growth and biocontrol characteristics of the rifampicin-resistant strains were similar to the wild type isolates. In two non-sterile soils (Methven and Courtenay), both bacterial strains survived at least 28 days when applied as inoculum containing high endospore numbers. However, when applied as mostly cells, no bacteria were recovered. Bacteria applied as seed coat formulations colonised both the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of the resulting pea seedlings, with higher recovery from the top 0-4 cm root section compared with the bottom 5-8 cm section. Apart from the top root section for P. polymyxa, where there was no difference in the recovery between the rhizoplane and rhizosphere, recovery of the bacteria was higher in the rhizoplane compared with the rhizosphere. AU - Bolstridge, N. AU - Card, S. AU - Stewart, A. AU - Jones, E. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alexander, D.B., Zuberer, D.A., The use of chrome azurol S reagents to evaluate siderophore production by rhizosphere bacteria (1991) Biology and Fertility of Soils, 12, pp. 39-45; Bennett, A.J., Leifert, C., Whipps, J.M., Survival of the biocontrol agents coniothyrium minitans and bacillus subtilis MBI 600 introduced into pasteurised, sterilised and non-sterile soil (2003) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35, pp. 1565-1573; Compeau, G., Al-Achi, B.J., Platsouka, A., Levy, S.B., Survival of rifampicin-resistant mutants of pseudomonas fluorescens and pseudomonas putida in soil systems (1988) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54, pp. 2432-2438; Deacon, J.W., (1994) Rhizosphere Constraints Affecting Biocontrol Organisms Applied to Seeds, pp. 315-326. , Martin T ed. Seed treatment: Progress and prospects. BCPC Monograph N057, Thornton Heath BCPC Publications, UK; King, E.B., Parke, J.L., Population density of die biocontrol agent Burkholderia cepacia AMMDRI on four pea cultivare (1996) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28, pp. 307-312; Opelt, K., Berg, G., Diversity and antagonistic potential of bacteria associated with bryophytes from nutrient-poor habitats of the baltic sea coast (2004) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70 (11), pp. 6569-6579. , DOI 10.1128/AEM.70.11.6569-6579.2004; Oyarzun, P., Gerlagh, M., Hoogland, A.E., Relation between cropping frequency of peas and other legumes and foot and root rot in peas (1993) Netherland Journal of Plant Pathology, 99, pp. 35-44; Pfender, W.F., Aphanomyces root rot (1984) Compendium of Pea Diseases, pp. 25-28. , Hagedorn DJ ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, USA; Van Elsas, J.D., Dijkstra, A.F., Govaert, J.M., Van Veen, J.A., Survival of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis introduced into two soils of different texture in field microplots (1986) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 38, pp. 151-160; Wakelin, S.A., (2001) Biological Control of Aphanomyces Euteiches Root Rot of Pea with Spore-forming Bacteria, 174p. , PhD thesis. Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Wakelin, S.A., Walter, M., Jaspers, M., Stewart, A., Biological control of Aphanomyces euteiches root-rot of pea with spore-forming bacteria (2002) Australasian Plant Pathology, 31, pp. 401-407; Wakelin, S.A., McCarthy, T., Stewart, A., Walter, M., In vitro testing for biological control of Aphanomyces euteiches (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 90-95; Walker, R., Rossall, S., Asher, M.J.C., Colonization of the developing rhizosphere of sugar beet seedlings by potential biocontrol agents applied as seed treatments (2002) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 92 (2), pp. 228-237. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01523.x; White, J.G.H., The importance of peas in New Zealand Agriculture (1987) Peas: Management for Quality, (6), pp. 7-11. , Jermyn WA, Wratt GS ed. Agronomy Society of New Zealand special publication Lincoln, New Zealand PY - 2009 SP - 34-40 ST - Use of rifampicin-resistant bacterial biocontrol strains for monitoring survival in soil and colonisation of pea seedling roots T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Use of rifampicin-resistant bacterial biocontrol strains for monitoring survival in soil and colonisation of pea seedling roots UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749085247&partnerID=40&md5=2ba855af3a1a5c55af8499f227f970a2 VL - 62 ID - 404 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Field experiments were conducted to determine the attraction of adult Costelytra zealandica (White) to phenol, the sex pheromone for this species, and the phenolic aldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, when presented separately and in a mixture in traps. Aqueous phenol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in acetone were equally attractive to beetles when presented separately in traps; a mixture of aqueous phenol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in acetone also attracted similar numbers of beetles to either chemical alone. When the two chemicals were presented in separate tubes in the same trap, ca 2-fold greater numbers of beetles were attracted than with either component alone. Supplementary experiments showed solvent type and age of solution had no influence on the attractiveness of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde when presented alone in traps. A possible explanation for the role of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, a component of some host plants of C. zealandica, acting in concert with the sex pheromone of this species is briefly discussed. AU - Chapman, R. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aldrich, J.R., Blum, M.S., Fales, M.H., Species-specific natural products of adult male leaf-footed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) (1979) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 5, pp. 53-62; Baker, J.E., Rainey, D.P., Dorris, D.M., Strong, F.M., P-hydroxybenzxaldehyde and other phenolics as feeding stimulants for the small European bark beetle (1968) Forest Science, 14, pp. 91-95; Boyd, J.F., (1975) Attractants for the New Zealand Grass Grub, Costelytra Zealandica (White), , Masters thesis, Lincoln University Library, Canterbury, New Zealand; The merck index (1989) An Encylopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals, , Budavari S, O'Neil MJ, Smith A, Heckelman PE ed. 11th Edition. Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA; Dickens, J.C., Green leaf volatiles enhance the aggregation pheromone of boll weevil, anthonomus grandis (1989) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 52, pp. 191-203; Garnham, M.L., Barlow, N.D., Defining the cost of grass grub (1993) Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 32-38. , Prestidge RA ed; Henzell, R.F., Phenol, an attractant for the grass grub beetle Costelytra zealandica (White)(Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) (1970) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 13, pp. 294-296; Henzell, R.F., Lowe, M.D., Sex attractant of the grass grub beetle (1970) Science, 168, pp. 1005-1006; Hoyt, C.P., Osborne, G.O., Mulcock, A.P., Production of an insect attractant by symbiotic bacteria (1971) Nature, 230, p. 472; Jacobson, M., Keiser, I., Harris, E., Miyashita, D.H., Impurities in Cue-Lure attractive to female Tephrititidae (1976) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 24, pp. 782-783; Kunesch, G., Zagatti, P., Lallemand, J.Y., Debal, A., Bigneron, J.P., Structure and synthesis of the wing gland pheromone of the male African sugarcane borer: Eldana saccharina (Wlk.) (1981) Tetrahedron Letters 22, 5271; Leal, W.S., Chemical ecology of phytophagous scarab beetles (1998) Annual Review of Entomology, 43, pp. 39-61; Osborne, G.O., (1983) The Sex Pheromone of the Grass Grub Beetle Costelytra Zealandica (White): Discovery of Odour Synergists, 26p. , Unpublished report to the Ministry of Agriculture, Christchurch, New Zealand; Osborne, G.O., Boyd, J.F., Studies on the insect attractant resin Durez 12687: Presence of an odor synergist (1975) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68, pp. 286-288; Osborne, G.O., Hoyt, C.P., A chemical attractant for the males of grass grub beetle Costelytra zealandica (White) (Col.: Scarabaeidae) (1969) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 59, pp. 81-83; Osborne, G.O., Hoyt, C.P., Phenolic resins as chemical attractants for males of the grass grub beetle Costelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1970) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 63, pp. 1145-1147; Ruther, J., Reinecke, A., Tolasch, T., Hilker, M., Make love not war: A common arthropod defence compound as sex pheromone in the forest cockchafer Melolontha hippocastani (2001) Oecologia, 128 (1), pp. 44-47. , DOI 10.1007/s004420100634; Ruther, J., Reinecke, A., Tolasch, T., Hilker, M., Phenol - another cockchafer attractant shared by melolontha hippocastani Fabr. and M. melolontha L (2002) Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences, 57 (9-10), pp. 910-913; Staddon, B.W., The scent glands of Heteroptera (1979) Advances in Insect Physiology, 14, pp. 351-418; Whitehead, D.C., Buchan, H., Hartley, R.D., Composition and decomposition of roots of ryegrass and red clover (1979) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 11, pp. 619-628; Yang, Z., Bengtsson, M., Witzgall, P., Host plant volatiles synergize response to sex pheromone in codling moth, Cydia pomonella (2004) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 30 (3), pp. 619-629. , DOI 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000018633.94002.af; Yarden, G., Shani, A., Evidence for volatile chemical attractants in the beetle Maladera matrida Argaman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1994) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20, pp. 2673-2685 PY - 2009 SP - 205-210 ST - Attraction of adult costelytra zealandica to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Attraction of adult costelytra zealandica to 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749125871&partnerID=40&md5=c005ce8cafd7fdaf92ef083db891e298 VL - 62 ID - 376 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The seasonal biology of Balanococcus poae was examined in Hawke's Bay from 2006 to 2008. Adult females were found throughout the year, typically in wax cells ca 1-2 cm below the soil surface, with a peak density of ca 1300/m 2 during winter and early spring (June-October). Winter eggs were followed by neonate nymphs from spring through summer. The timing of life-stages indicates that there was a single generation each year, but a partial second generation may also have occurred in late summer. No males were found. Morphometric data did not reliably separate different immature stages. Neonate nymphs on potted plants crawled first to the tips of tillers and then moved down the blade to feed beneath the protective tiller sheath. No parasitoids or predators of mealybugs were found. In the absence of biological control, grasses with endophytic fungi that confer resistance to pasture mealybug would give effective control. AU - Charles, J. G. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Forgie, S. A. AU - Slay, M. W. A. AU - Edwards, R. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baxendale, F.P., Pennell, C.G.L., Popay, A.J., Glare, T.R., Jackson, T.A., Field observations of the pasture mealybug, Balanococcus poae (Maskell) in New Zealand (2004) XXII International Congress of Entomology, , 15-21 August 2004, Brisbane, Australia. Abstract; Brittin, G., Art. XVIII. Some new Coccidae (1915) Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 47 (1914), pp. 149-156; Cox, J.M., (1987) Pseudococcidae, 228p. , Fauna of New Zealand Number 11. DSIR, Wellington, New Zealand; De Boer, J.A., Taxonomy of New Zealand Pseudococcidae, Part 2 (Homoptera: Coccoidea) (1968) New Zealand Journal of Science, 11 (2), pp. 328-336; Maskell, W.M., On some Coccidae in New Zealand (1879) Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 11, pp. 187-230; Noyes, J.S., Encyrtidae (1988) Fauna of New Zealand Number 13, 188p. , DSIR, Wellington, New Zealand; Pearson, W.D., The pasture mealybug, balanococcus poae (maskell), in Canterbury: A preliminary report. In: Stahle PP ed (1988) Proceedings of the 5th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 297-303. , D & D printing, Victoria, Australia; Pennell, C.G.L., Popay, A.J., Baxendale, F.P., The pasture mealybug Balanococcus poae (Maskell) in New Zealand pastures (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Grasslands Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 80-86. , Winder LM, Goldson SL ed; Pennell, C.G.L., Popay, A.J., Ball, O.J.-P., Hume, D.E., Baird, D.B., Occurrence and impact of pasture mealybug (Balanococcus poae) and root aphid (Aploneura lentisci) on ryegrass (Lolium spp.) with and without infection by Neotyphodium fungal endophytes (2005) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 48, pp. 329-337; Slay, M., Identifying the effects of mealybug (Balanococcuspoae) in Hawke's Bay pastures (2006) Meat and Wool New Zealand Final FITT Report 04FT163, 14p. , http://www.meatnz.co.nz/main.cfm?id-89&spid=83, September 2006. (accessed May 2009) PY - 2009 SP - 197-204 ST - Observations on the biology of the pasture mealybug, balanococcus poae, from hawke's bay pastures T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Observations on the biology of the pasture mealybug, balanococcus poae, from hawke's bay pastures UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749133183&partnerID=40&md5=fc8a230c41265b0aad96be5ef1852897 VL - 62 ID - 412 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fourteen disinfectants were tested in vitro for activity against soil bacteria and fungi attached to a boot worn in New Zealand, and then eight were further evaluated on three types of field-worn footwear. From in vitro tests sodium hypochlorite (Janola™), calcium hypochlorite (Haz-Tab™) and a quaternary ammonium product (Trimove® gave almost complete kill of bacteria. Four disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, phenols (Prephen™), hypochlorous acid plus hypobromous acid (Nylate™) and calcium hypochlorite) also gave complete kill of fungi. Field tests snowed that five disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, formaldehyde, hypochlorous acid plus hypobromous acid, and the quaternary ammonium product) were as effective as dipotassium peroxodisulphate (Virkon® - a standard biosecurity treatment for disinfecting footwear). Sodium hypochlorite was found to be significantly more effective than dipotassium peroxodisulphate for disinfecting shoes of soil fungi. The disinfectants caused no visible changes in colour or damage to footwear materials. AU - Cheah, L. H. AU - Marsh, A. T. AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Hedderley, D. I. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amass, S.F., Arighi, M., Kinyon, J.M., Hoffman, L.J., Schneider, J.L., Draper, D.K., Effectiveness of using a mat filled with peroxygen disinfectant to minimize shoe contamination in a veterinary hospital (2006) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 228 (9), pp. 1391-1396; Amass, S.F., Ragland, D., Spicer, P., Evaluation of the efficacy of a peroxygen compound, Virkon®S, as a boot bath disinfectant (2001) Journal of Swine Health and Production, 9 (3), pp. 121-123; Amass, S.F., Schneider, J.L., Gaul, A.M., Evaluation of current and novel protocols for disinfection of airplane passenger footwear under simulated conditions (2005) Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 71, pp. 127-134; Curry, C.H., McCarthy, J.S., Darragh, H.M., Wake, R.A., Churchill, S.E., Robins, A.M., Lowen, R.J., Identification of an agent suitable for disinfecting boots of visitors to the Antarctic (2005) Polar Record, 41 (216), pp. 39-45; Dunowska, M., Morley, P.S., Patterson, G., Hyatt, D.R., Van Metre, D.C., Evaluation of the efficacy of a peroxygen disinfectant-filled footmat for reduction of bacterial load on footwear in a large animal hospital setting (2006) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 228 (12), pp. 1935-1939. , DOI 10.2460/javma.228.12.1935; Young, S.D., McNeill, M.R., Saville, D.J., Testing the effectiveness of disinfectant protocols for soiled footwear (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 384. , Abstract only PY - 2009 SP - 130-135 ST - Evaluation of disinfectant products for microbial decontamination of imported used footwear T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of disinfectant products for microbial decontamination of imported used footwear UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749102910&partnerID=40&md5=e8ea1878e2f62a263b442eb6b91a9b7c VL - 62 ID - 415 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 2006, Bemisia tabaci biotype Q was identified in New Zealand. The Christmas trade in poinsettias is implicated in die recent, rapid dispersal of B. tabaci biotype Q through North America. Retail outlets were surveyed during December 2006 and 2007 to investigate whether this may be a pathway for dispersal in New Zealand. A PCR-based diagnostic tool confirmed the presence of B. tabaci biotype Q on poinsettias purchased in both Christchurch and Auckland. However, results indicated that abundance varied between the regions, years and propagation nurseries. In 2006, 169 and three adult whitefly were collected from a selection of retail outlets in Christchurch and Auckland, respectively, compared with 256 and 56 in 2007. Only B. tabaci biotype Q was identified from the samples collected from Christchurch, widi B. tabaci biotype Q and relatively few Trialeurodes vaporariorum identified from the Auckland samples. AU - Drayton, G. M. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Workman, P. J. AU - Scott, I. A. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bethke, J.A., Byrne, F.J., Hodges, G.S., McKenzie, C.L., Shatters, R.G., First record of the Q biotype of die sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (2009) Phytoparasitica, 37, pp. 61-64. , Guatemala; Dalton, R., The christmas invasion (2006) Nature, 443, pp. 898-900; De Barro, P.J., Trueman, J.W.H., Frohlich, D.R., Bemisia argentifolii is a population of B. tabaci, the molecular genetic differentiation of B. tabaci populations around the world (2005) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95, pp. 193-203; Jones, D.R., Plant viruses transmitted by whiteflies (2003) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109, pp. 195-219; (2008) Bemisia Tabaci - the Tobacco Whitefly, , http://www.fera.defra.gov.uk/plants/publications/plantHealth/documents/ bemisia.pdf, DEFRA factsheet (accessed 28 May 2009); Lemmetty, A., Vanninen, I., Biotypes Q and B of Bemisia tabaci are both entering Nordic countries in poinsettia cuttings (2008) 3rd European Whitefly Symposium., p. 121. , Aguadulce, Spain, 20-24 October 2008. (Abstract only); McKenzie, C.L., Hodges, G., Osbome, L.S., Byrne, F.J., Shatters, R.G., Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotypes in Florida - Investigating the Q invasion (2009) Journal of Economic Entomology, 102 (2), pp. 670-676; Nauen, R., Stumpf, N., Elbert, A., Toxicological and mechanistic studies on neonicotinoid cross resistance in Q-type bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (2002) Pest Management Science, 58, pp. 868-875; Scott, I.A.W., Workman, P.J., Drayton, G.M., Burnip, G.M., First record of bemisia tabaci biotype Q in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 271-278 PY - 2009 SP - 310-314 ST - The christmas dispersal of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The christmas dispersal of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749122335&partnerID=40&md5=4f2013432c157c79e0d438113de324dd VL - 62 ID - 439 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major pest of stored grains throughout the world. This experiment examined the capacity of male S. oryzae to adjust their mating behaviour in response to male density (i.e. 1, 5 and 10 males) maintained with a single female. Results show that males spent less time in courting females with antennal contact at density 1 when compared to densities 5 and 10. Copulation duration increased in response to the increase in rival densities. The mechanism behind this phenomenon may be (1) a mate guarding strategy to enhance reproductive success by reducing the chance of sperm displacement by competitors and (2) a strategy to avoid damage to the reproductive organs of their mates by multiple mating. AU - Flay, C. D. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Andres, J.A., Rivera, A.C., Copulation duration and fertilization success in a damselfly: An example of cryptic female choice? (2000) Animal Behaviour, 59, pp. 695-703; Armitage, D.M., Day, P.G., Lewis, G.J., The effect of aeration on the vertical distribution of grain beetles (Coleoptera) in wheat (1983) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 73, pp. 233-237; Arnqvist, G., Mate guarding and sperm displacement in the water strider Gerris lateralis Schumm (Heteroptera, Gerridae) (1988) Freshwater Biology, 19, pp. 269-274; Arnqvist, G., Danielsson, I., Copulatory behavior, genital morphology, and male fertilization success in water striders (1999) Evolution, 53 (1), pp. 147-156; Bansode, P.C., Status of insecticidal resistance among field populations of stored product insects in India (1979) Pesticides, 13, pp. 19-20; Campbell, J.F., Fitness consequences of multiple mating on female Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2005) Environmental Entomology, 34, pp. 833-843; Crowley, P.H., Travers, S.E., Linton, M.C., Cohn, S.L., Sih, A., Sargent, R.C., Mate density, predation risk, and the seasonal sequence of mate choices: A dynamic game (1991) The American Naturalist, 137, pp. 567-596; Crudgington, H.S., Siva-Jothy, M.T., Genital damage, kicking and early death - The battle of the sexes takes a sinister turn in the bean weevil (2000) Nature, 407, pp. 855-856; Elgar, M.A., Champion, F.E.C.D., Ramamurthy, S., Male copulation behaviour and the risk of sperm competition (2003) Animal Behaviour, 66 (2), pp. 211-216. , DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2189; Sexual selection, population density, and availability of mates Theoretical Population Biology, 16, pp. 301-314. , Eshel 11979; Flay, C.D., Wang, Q., He, X.Z., The influence of male density on the reproductive fitness of female rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 389. , Abstract only; Halstead, D.G.H., External sex differences in stored-products Coleoptera (1963) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 54, pp. 119-134; Harari, A.R., Landolt, P.J., O'Brien, C.W., Brockmann, H.J., Prolonged mate guarding and sperm competition in the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (2003) Behavioral Ecology, 14, pp. 89-96; Jirotkul, M., Population density influences male-male competition in guppies (1999) Animal Behaviour, 58 (6), pp. 1169-1175. , DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1248; Longstaff, B.C., Biology of the grain pest species of the genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): A critical review (1981) Protection Ecology, 3, pp. 83-130; Parker, G.A., Sexual conflict over mating and fertilization: An overview (2006) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361 (1466), pp. 235-259. , DOI 10.1098/rstb.2005.1785; Sato, Y., Kohama, T., Post-copulatory mounting behavior of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2007) Ethology, 113, pp. 183-189; Simmons, L., (2001) Sperm Competition and Its Evolutionary Consequences in the Insects., 448p. , Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey; Wang, Q., Yang, L.H., Hedderley, D.C., Function of prolonged copulation in Nysius huttoni White (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) under male-biased sex ratio and high population density (2008) Journal of Insect Behavior, 21, pp. 89-99 PY - 2009 SP - 76-79 ST - Influence of male density on the courtship and mating duration of male rice weevils, sitophilus oryzae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of male density on the courtship and mating duration of male rice weevils, sitophilus oryzae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749106607&partnerID=40&md5=3c8990d5bce518a1d0157e1ab8a500bc VL - 62 ID - 413 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The types of organisms detected entering New Zealand on fresh produce (i.e. organisms intercepted during inspection at the border and/or intercepted post-border) were compared with the types of organisms that have recently been reported as established in New Zealand (i.e. organisms with population(s) detected and/or reported for the first time in New Zealand). Of the 420 new-to-New Zealand records from 1990-2007, 65.7% and 33.8% were pathogens and invertebrates, respectively. In contrast, over 96% of 19,127 border interception identification records and 499 post-border interception records from 2003-2006 were invertebrates. Of the 104 new-to-New Zealand insect and mite species, 12 were intercepted on fresh produce. The mismatches between the types of organisms intercepted and new-to-New Zealand records revealed in this novel analysis indicate that commercially imported fresh produce does not constitute a major pathway for establishment of exotic pests in New Zealand. Present phytosanitary measures (preborder, border and post-border) appear appropriate to managing the risk. AU - Frampton, E. R. AU - Nalder, K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (1998) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 8: Determination of Pest Status in An Area, p. 18. , FAO FAO, Rome, Italy; (2007) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 5: Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms, p. 112. , FAO FAO, Rome, Italy; Frampton, E.R., Fresh produce import pathway analysis using border interception and new-to-New Zealand records (2004) Report Prepared for New Zealand Fresh Produce Importers Association Inc. New Zealand, p. 13. , Fresh Produce Importers Association, Wellington, New Zealand; (2002) Media Release: Species of Crazy Ant Found at Auckland Port, , www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/press/190402crazyants.htm, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry accessed 13 February 2009; (2003) Sea Container Review, 112p. , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MAF Discussion Paper No: 35. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; (2003) Pest Risk Analysis: Ants on Sawn Timber Imported from the South Pacific Region, 37p. , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; Red imported fire ant response gathers speed (2007) Biosecurity, 74, p. 12. , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity New Zealand; (2008) MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Standard 152.02 Importation and Clearance of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables into New Zealand, p. 400. , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand. 13 November 2008; (2008) Red Imported Fire Ant, , www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/red-imported-fire-ant, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity New Zealand accessed 13 February 2009; Worner, S.P., Gevrey, M., Modelling global insect pest species assemblages to determine risk of invasion (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, pp. 858-867 PY - 2009 SP - 114-123 ST - A novel analysis of the risk of fresh produce imports T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A novel analysis of the risk of fresh produce imports UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749168064&partnerID=40&md5=8326b79cc9bee2ada8cae415226c7b0d VL - 62 ID - 388 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The control of scale insects (Diaspididae) on kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is difficult because scale inhabit sites not easily accessed by sprays. Early spring insecticide applications, which target scale living on the bark of canes and leader wood, are vital to reduce populations prior to summer. This study identified, firstly, that targeted Masotti gun, dilute spray applications increased deposits on leader vines by approximately 30%, which should result in improved scale control. Secondly, using the Masotti technology, sprays applied at 2x concentrate with the addition of a superspreader adjuvant increased deposits on leader wood by >60% compared with standard volumes. The use of Masotti guns, concentrate spray applications and adjuvant addition did not increase off-target spray drift, and often reduced it, in moderate winds. Adjuvant cost can be offset against increases in work-rate efficiency for concentrate sprays, and increased deposits and target coverage are expected to improve scale control on kiwifruit leader vines from pre-flower spray applications. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Manktelow, D. W. L. AU - May, W. AU - Steele, K. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Blank, R.H., A review dormant season and pre-blossom sprays on kiwifruit in New Zealand (1992) Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 297, pp. 509-516; Gaskin, R.E., Elliott, G., Steele, K.D., Novel organosilicone adjuvants to reduce agrochemical spray volumes on row crops (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 350-354; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W., Elliott, G.S., Adjuvant prescriptions to lower water volumes and improve disease control in vineyards (2004) Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, p. 6. , Capetown, South Africa ISBN 1-920-01716-X; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W., Skinner, S.J., Elliott, G., Use of a superspreader adjuvant to reduce spray application volumes on avocados (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 266-270; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W., Steele, K.D., Adjuvant and application technologies to minimise off-target drift from kiwifruit sprays (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 217-222; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W., May, W., Max, S., Development of best practice to minimise off-target drift from hydrogen cyanamide sprays in kiwifruit orchards (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 153-158; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N.A., Ramankutty, P., Armoured scale insect infestation on kiwifruit in relation to position on the vine (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 47-50; Manktelow, D.W.L., (1998) Factors Affecting Spray Deposits and Their Biological Effects on New Zealand Apple Canopies, , PhD thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand PY - 2009 SP - 279-284 ST - Technologies to maximise pre-flower spray applications to control scale on kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Technologies to maximise pre-flower spray applications to control scale on kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749091921&partnerID=40&md5=43fb16fd668f7d8b3e3fd0a964fd1f39 VL - 62 ID - 378 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sticker adjuvants enhance adhesion of pesticide sprays to plant surfaces and increase their resistance to rain. This study evaluated the effect of two different sticker adjuvant types, organosilicone/latex and terpene based polymers, on the retention and rainfastness of a protectant fungicide, tolyfluanid, on Vicia faba (broad bean) and/or Brassica oleracea (cabbage) foliage. On hard-to-wet cabbage, the organosilicone/latex stickers provided better spray retention than the terpene polymers. Increasing rates of the former resulted in increased retention of spray, while use rate had no effect on terpene polymer performance. After 4 mm rain (applied as a heavy rain event), up to 86% of fungicide deposits applied with organosilicone/ latex stickers were retained on cabbage. In comparison, <45% of deposits containing terpene polymers were retained post-rain. On easy-to-wet broad bean foliage, pre-rain deposits containing terpene stickers were approx four-fold higher, and post-rain deposits were much greater, than on cabbage. There were differences in retention and rainfastening properties between commercial stickers of the same chemical type. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Steele, K. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2009) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, , Anon. Young S ed. Agrimedia, Christchurch; Gaskin, R.E., Elliott, G., Steele, K.D., Novel organosilicone adjuvants to reduce agrochemical spray volumes on row crops (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 350-354; Gaskin, R.E., Steele, K.D., Forster, W.A., Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 179-183; Holloway, P.J., Physicochemical factors influencing the adjuvant-enhanced spray deposition and coverage of foliage-applied agrochemicals (1994) Interactions between Adjuvants, Agrochemicals and Target Organisms, pp. 83-106. , Holloway PJ, Rees RT, Stock D ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Holloway, P.J., Butler Ellis, M.C., Webb, D.A., Western, N.M., Tuck, C.R., Hayes, A.L., Millar, P.C.H., Effects of some agricultural tank-mix adjuvants on the deposition efficiency of aqueous sprays on foliage (2000) Crop Protection, 19, pp. 27-37; Keeney, F.N., Valcore, D.L., Rain simulator for laboratory evaluation of pesticide rainfastness (1996) Pesticide Formulation and Application Systems, 16, pp. 57-73. , Hopkinson MJ, Collins HM, Goss GR ed. STP 1312. ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, USA; Thacker, J.R.M., Young, R.D.F., The effects of six adjuvants on the rainfastness of chlorpyrifos formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (1999) Pesticide Science, 55, pp. 198-200 PY - 2009 SP - 339-342 ST - A comparison of sticker adjuvants for their effects on retention and rainfastening of fungicide sprays T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A comparison of sticker adjuvants for their effects on retention and rainfastening of fungicide sprays UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749116195&partnerID=40&md5=d7a97fe5f2b510ebcba02b72a14d3d93 VL - 62 ID - 410 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Eretmocerus warrae is a parasitoid of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. It was first detected in New Zealand in 1997 during a survey of greenhouses in Auckland. In the laboratory at 22±1°C, 60±5% RH and 16:8 h light:dark, significantly higher adult emergence occurred after 2-3 h of light. No emergence was observed during the scotophase. Host feeding and oviposition occurred in both the photophase and scotophase. In the photophase, host feeding by E. warrae tended to be higher after 4-6 h of light than at other stages of photophase. In the scotophase, the number of hosts fed on by E. warrae was significantly higher 2 h before lights came on. The number of eggs laid was significantly higher 10-14 h into the photophase than at other stages. There tended to be higher oviposition in the first 2 h of darkness. AU - Hanan, A. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Shakeel, M. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Burger, J., Kormany, A., Lenteren, J.C., Vet, L., Importance of host feeding for parasitoids that attack honeydew-producing hosts (2005) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 117 (2), pp. 147-154. , DOI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2005.00341.x; Byrne, D.N., Bellows Jr., T.S., Parrella, M.P., Whiteflies in agricultural systems (1990) Whiteflies: Their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management., pp. 227-261. , Gerling D ed. Intercept Ltd, Andover, Hants, UK; Chu, C.C., Henneberry, T.J., Arthropod management: Development of a new whitefly trap (1998) Journal of Cotton Science, 2, pp. 104-109; Couch, K.M., Cresswell, A.S., Barratt, B.I.P., Evans, A.A., Implications of host weevil circadian activity for parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 227-231; Fantinou, A., Alexandri, M., Tsitsipis, J., Adult emergence rhythm of the egg-parasitoid Telenomus busseolae (1998) Biological Control, 43, pp. 141-151; Gerling, D., Orion, T., Delarea, Y., Eretmocerus penetration and immature development: A novel approach to overcome host immunity (1990) Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 13, pp. 247-253; Giron, D., Dunn, D., Hardy, I., Strand, M., Aggression by polyembryonic wasp soldiers correlates with kinship but not resource competition (2004) Nature, 430, pp. 676-679. , DOI 10.1038/nature02721; He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Teulon, D.A.J., Emergence, sexual maturation and oviposition of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 214-220; Henneberry, T.J., Toscano, N.C., Castle, S.J., Bemisia spp. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in the United States history, pest status, and management (1998) Recent Research in Developmental Entomology, 2, pp. 151-161; Jervis, M.A., Kidd, N.A.C., Host-feeding strategies in Hymenopteran parasitoids (1986) Biological Review, 61, pp. 395-434; Qiu, B.-L., De Barro, P.J., Ren, S.-X., Xu, C.-X., Effect of temperature on the life history of Eretmocerus sp. nr. furuhashii, a parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci (2007) BioControl, 52 (6), pp. 733-746. , DOI 10.1007/s10526-006-9064-y; Saunder, D.S., (1982) Insect Clocks., p. 409. , Pergamon Press, Oxford; Van Lenteren, J.C., Van Roermund, H.J.W., Sütterlin, S., Biological control of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa: How does it work? (1996) Biological Control, 6, pp. 1-10; Vet, L.E.M., Van Lenteren, J.C., Woets, J., The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. IX (1980) A Review of the Biological Control of the Greenhouse Whitefly with Suggestions for Future Research., 90, pp. 26-51. , Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie; Viggiani, G., Bionomics of the aphelinidae (1984) Annual Review of Entomology, 29, pp. 257-276; Workman, P., Scott, I., Drayton, G., Eretmocerus warrae: A new whitefly parasitoid found in New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 386. , (Abstract only); Zar, J.H., (1999) Biostatistical Analysis., p. 663. , Prentice Hall, New Jersey; Zolnerowich, G., Rose, M., The genus Eretmocerus (2008) Classical Biological Control of Bemisia Tabaci in the United States - A Review of Interagency Research and Implementation., pp. 89-109. , Gould J, Hoelmer K, Goolsby J ed. Springer, The Netherlands PY - 2009 SP - 156-160 ST - Diurnal rhythms of emergence, host feeding and oviposition of eretmocerus warrae (hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Diurnal rhythms of emergence, host feeding and oviposition of eretmocerus warrae (hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749171742&partnerID=40&md5=e133366a34420b5136021da00f9e430f VL - 62 ID - 431 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A range of herbicide treatments was applied to 0.5 m2 zones around native plants, 6 weeks after being transplanted into ungrazed pasture for revegetation purposes. The species studied were toetoe (Cortaderia fulvida), mountain flax (Phormium cookianum), purei (Carex secta), ribbonwood (Plagianthus regius), koromiko (Hebe stricta) and manuka (Leptospermum scoparium). Glyphosate was applied around all species using a half-bucket to shield the native plant, and this was the cheapest and often most effective treatment. A mixture of clopyralid and haloxyfop was tolerated by most species on which this was tested, apart from slight damage to ribbonwood. However, a mixture of simazine and haloxyfop was also tolerated by all native species other than the toetoe, controlled most weeds well and gave longer weed control than the clopyralid/haloxyfop or glyphosate treatments. Other herbicides were also tolerated by some species. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Gregory, S. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Chaston, T., (2008) Financial Budget Manual 2008, p. 675. , Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand; Davenhill, N.A., Ray, J.W., Vanner, A.L., (1997) Forest Weed Control Manual, p. 136. , New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand; Harrington, K.C., Schmitz, H.K., Initial screening of herbicides tolerated by native plants (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 133-136; Porteous, T., (1993) Native Forest Restoration: A Practical Guide for Landowners, p. 184. , Queen Elizabeth II National Trust, Wellington, New Zealand; Smale, M.C., Whaley, P.T., Smale, P.N., Ecological restoration of native forest at aratiatia, North Island, New Zealand (2001) Restoration Ecology, 9 (1), pp. 28-37. , DOI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.009001028.x; Young, S., (2009) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 779. , Agrimedia Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2009 SP - 368-373 ST - Field assessment of herbicides to release native plants from weeds T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Field assessment of herbicides to release native plants from weeds UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749099749&partnerID=40&md5=b3c77385ad3e26e513871b45bcdcc251 VL - 62 ID - 391 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Yellow tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus), an abundant weed in New Zealand, is host to several economically important thrips species. The diversity and relative abundance of thrips found on yellow tree lupin were measured weekly via hand-collections over the 2008/09 summer at two locations in Canterbury separated by 8 km. From the 1540 thrips that were collected and slide-mounted, eight thrips species were identified. The most abundant species was New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus), followed by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), the lupin strain of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), Thrips vulgatissimus, Thrips australis, Limothrips cerealium, Chirothrips manicatus and Tenothrips frici. The largest variation in relative abundance occurred in early December, with onion thrips dominant at Killinchy and western flower thrips dominant at Rakaia. In late December at Rakaia, the dominant species shifted to New Zealand flower thrips. This indicates considerable spatial and temporal variation in relative abundance of thrips species. AU - He, S. AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - Fagan, L. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agrawal, A.A., Kobayashi, C., Thaler, J.S., Influence of prey availability and induced host-plant resistance on omnivory by western flower thrips (1999) Ecology, 80, pp. 518-523; Den Beider, E., Elderson, J., Schelling, G., Van Den Brink, W.J., Thrips densities in organic leek fields in relation to the surrounding landscapes (2003) Landscape Management for Functional Biodiversity, 26 (4), pp. 31-36; Evans, J.W., Thrips investigation. 2. Some factors that regulate the abundance of Thrips imaginis Bagnall (1934) Annual Report of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 7, pp. 62-69. , Australia; Lewis, T., Pest thrips in perspective (1997) Thrips As Crop Pests, 740p. , Lewis T ed. University Press, Cambridge, UK; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Confirmation of a pesticide-resistant strain of western flower thrips in New Zealand (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 144-148; Martin, N.A., Mound, L.A., Host plants for some New Zealand thrips (thysanoptera: Terebrantia) (2004) New Zealand Entomologist, 27, pp. 119-123; Moritz, G., Mound, L.A., Morris, D., (2001) ThripsID: Pest Thrips of the World [CD-ROM], , Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Canberra, Australia; Morsello, S.C., Groves, R.L., Nault, B.A., Kennedy, G.G., Temperature and precipitation affect seasonal patterns of dispersing tobaccos thrips, frankliniella fusca, and onion thrips, thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: Thripidae) caught on sticky traps (2008) Environmental Entomology, 37, pp. 79-86; Mound, L.A., Walker, A.K., (1982) Fauna of New Zealand, (1). , Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Science Information Publishing Centre, Wellington, New Zealand; Mound, L.A., Walker, A.K., (1986) Fauna of New Zealand, (10). , Tubulifera (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Science Information Publishing Centre, Wellington, New Zealand; Mound, L.A., Thysanoptera: Diversity and interactions (2005) Annual Review of Entomology, 50, pp. 247-269; Nielson, M.-C., Fletcher, C.D., Teulon, D.A.J., Monitoring thrips flight with 7.5 metre high suction traps (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, p. 339. , Abstract only; Nielson, M.-C., (2006) Comparative Life History Studies of Frankliniella Occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Strains in New Zealand, , Masters thesis, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand; Schmidt, K., Teulon, D.A.J., Jaspers, M.V., Phenology of the New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) in two vineyards (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 323-329; Teulon, D.A.J., Penman, D.R., Host records for the New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus (Crawford) Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (1990) New Zealand Entomologist, 13, pp. 46-51; Teulon, D.A.J., Penman, D.R., Thrips (Thysanoptera) seasonal flight activity and infestation of ripe stonefruit in Canterbury, New Zealand (1996) Horticultural Entomology, 59 (3), pp. 721-733; Teulon, D.A.J., Neilsen, M.-C., Distribution of western (glasshouse strain) and intonsa flower thrips in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 208-212; Teulon, D.A.J., Marroni, M.V., Neilsen, M.-C., Are high country weeds the source of New Zealand flower thrips on crop plants in spring? (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, p. 324. , Abstract only; Williams, P.A., Timmins, S.M., (1990) Weeds in New Zealand Protected Natural Areas: A Review for the Department of Conservation, (14). , Science & Research Series (New Zealand Department of Conservation) Wellington, New Zealand PY - 2009 SP - 63-68 ST - Diversity and seasonal fluctuation of thrips species on yellow tree lupin (lupinus arboreus) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Diversity and seasonal fluctuation of thrips species on yellow tree lupin (lupinus arboreus) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749134781&partnerID=40&md5=069b68c861fb3bef5b1ec844317d0ac7 VL - 62 ID - 409 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The wood and leaves of Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' and two male pollinisers, A. chinensis 'Meteor' and A. chinensis 'Sparkler', from commercial kiwifruit orchards were sampled for die presence of armoured scale insects during winter 2007 and summer 2008/09. The numbers and species of scale insect were recorded. 'Meteor' had high armoured scale insect populations on its wood, with approximately 10 times more armoured scale insects than 'Sparkler' or 'Hort 16A'. The leaves of 'Hort 16A' vines adjacent to 'Meteor' vines had 44% more armoured scale insects and were 30% more likely to be infested by scale insects than the leaves of 'Hort 16A' vines adjacent to 'Sparkler' vines. The implications of these findings for armoured scale insect control on 'Hort 16A' fruit are discussed. AU - Hill, M. G. AU - Dobson, S. J. AU - McKenna, C. M. AU - Maher, B. J. AU - Mauchline, N. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2001) ZESPRI Kiwi Green Manual, , Anon. ZESPRI International Ltd, Tauranga, New Zealand; Berry, J.A., Morales, C.F., Hill, M.G., Lofroth, B.J., Allan, D.J., The incidence of three diaspid scales on kiwifruit in New Zealand (1989) Proceedings of the 42nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 1182-1185; Edwards, R., Carraher, C., Todd, J.H., Dobson, S., Mauchline, N., Hill, G., McKenna, C., Newcomb, R., DNA Diagnostics of three armored scale species on kiwifruit in New Zealand (2008) Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 (6), pp. 1944-1949; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N., Cheng, Ch., Connolly, P.G., Measuring the resistance of Actinidia chinensis to armoured scale insects (2007) Acta Horticulturae, 753, pp. 685-692; McClure, M.S., Competition between exotic species: Scale insects on hemlock (1980) Ecology, 61, pp. 1391-1401; Miller, D.R., Davidson, J.A., (2005) Armoured Scale Insect Pests of Trees and Shrubs, 442p. , Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA; Morales, C.F., The occurrence of latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), in New Zealand (1988) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 16 (1), pp. 77-82 PY - 2009 SP - 274-278 ST - Comparing armoured scale insect (hemiberlesia spp.) populations on male and female Actinidia chinensis vines T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparing armoured scale insect (hemiberlesia spp.) populations on male and female Actinidia chinensis vines UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749156685&partnerID=40&md5=91c47601fdb19ab7534d5ed89dc8b029 VL - 62 ID - 406 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Time lapse photography was used in the laboratory to observe the settlement behaviour of Hemiberlesia latania crawlers on kiwifruit leaf discs and canes, to the point of construction of the 'white cap'. No differences were detected in cap construction behaviour on Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' and A. deliciosa 'Hayward', despite the fact that the insect invariably dies 1-2 weeks after settlement on A. chinensis 'Hort16A'. Cap construction was accomplished through regular and alternate circular turning movements from right to left around a point on the substrate, to which the insect is anchored by its stylet. The rate of turn increases to a maximum 2-3 h after settlement and from that point, declines. At its maximum period of activity, the insect turns through an arc >360°. The implications of these results for measuring and understanding host selection behaviour by this highly polyphagous insect are discussed. AU - Hill, M. G. AU - Holmes, T. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Banks, H.J., Physiology and biochemistry (1990) World Crop Pests, pp. 267-274. , Rosen D ed. Armoured scale insects, their biology, natural enemies and control. v. 4A. Elsevier, Amsterdam; Baranyovits, F., Some aspects of the biology of armored scale insects (1953) Endeavour, 12, pp. 202-209; Dickson, R.C., Construction of the scale covering of aonidiella aurantii (1951) Annales of the Entomological Society of America, 44, pp. 596-602; Foldi, I., Etude structurale et experimentale de la formation du bouclier chez les cochenilles diaspines (Horn. Coccoidea Diaspididae) (1982) Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 18 (3), pp. 317-330; Foldi, I., Moulting and scale cover formation (1990) World Crop Pests, pp. 257-265. , Rosen D ed. Armoured scale insects, their biology, natural enemies and control, V.4A. Elsevier, Amsterdam; Heriot, A.D., The renewal and replacement of the stylets of sucking insects during each stadium, and the method of penetration (1934) Canadian Journal of Research, 11, pp. 602-612; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N., Cheng, C., Connolly, P.G., Measuring the resistance of actinidia chinensis to armoured scale insects (2007) Acta Horticulturae, 753, pp. 685-692; Kaloshian, I., Gene-for-gene disease resistance: Bridging insect pest and pathogen defense (2004) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 30 (12), pp. 2419-2438. , DOI 10.1007/s10886-004-7943-1; Miller, D.R., Davidson, J.A., (2005) Armoured Scale Insect Pests of Trees and Shrubs, 442p. , Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA; Sadof, C.S., Neal, J.J., Use of host plant resources by the euonymus scale, unaspis euonymi (homoptera: Diaspididae) (1993) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 86 (5), pp. 614-620; Smith, C.M., Boyko, E.V., The molecular bases of plant resistance and defense responses to aphid feeding: Current status (2007) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 122 (1), pp. 1-16; Stoetzel, M.B., Scale-cover formation in the diaspididae (homoptera: Coccoidea) (1976) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 78 (3), pp. 323-332; Watson, G.W., Diaspididae (2005) Arthropods of Economic Importance, , http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/diaspididae.php?menuentry=inleiding, Ulenberg SA ed. Zoological Museum and University of Amsterdam, (retrieved 20/05/2009) PY - 2009 SP - 56-62 ST - An analysis of latania scale (hemiberlesia lataniae) crawler settlement behaviour on kiwifruit leaves and bark T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - An analysis of latania scale (hemiberlesia lataniae) crawler settlement behaviour on kiwifruit leaves and bark UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749113405&partnerID=40&md5=1b8382a7eda8656bbd359a50faa817f3 VL - 62 ID - 421 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In an investigation of the forest fungus Neonectriafuckeliana, ascospores from the air were trapped on petroleum jelly-coated glass slides that were replaced weekly for a year. To determine variation in spore counts between assessors examining the spore traps, four assessors counted the same ten spore traps and spore numbers were compared. Results were highly variable between assessors with almost 100 ascospores (54% of the higher count) being the difference between the highest and lowest counts for a single trap in one extreme case. To explore sources of assessor variation, the four assessors also counted the same five single transects of a spore trap and results were still highly variable. Two possible sources of variation identified were poor visualisation of ascospores and misidentification of ascospores. Potential solutions to assessor variability include further training, using multiple assessors for each trap and calibrating assessors. Molecular techniques could also be used to quantify spore numbers. Keywords: spore dispersal, Neonectriafuckeliana, spore trapping. AU - Hopkins, A. J. M. AU - Dick, M. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alldredge, M.W., Pacifici, K., Simons, T.R., Pollock, K.H., A novel field evaluation of the effectiveness of distance sampling and double independent observer methods to estimate aural avian detection probabilities (2008) Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, pp. 1349-1356; Amsalem, L., Freeman, S., Rav-David, D., Nitzani, Y., Sztejnberg, A., Pertot, I., Elad, Y., Effect of climatic factors on powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca macularis f.sp. fragariae on strawberry (2006) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 114, pp. 283-292; Dick, Ma., Crane, P.E., (2009) Neonectriafuckeliana Is Pathogenic to Pinus Radiata in New Zealand Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4, pp. 12-14; Elphick, C.S., Guest Editorial. How you count counts: The importance of methods research in applied ecology (2008) Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, pp. 1313-1320; Gadgil, P.D., Dick, Ma., Dobbie, K., Fungi Silvicolae Novazelandiae: 4 (2003) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 33, pp. 265-272; Geagea, L., Huber, L., Sache, I., Flura, D., McCartney, H.A., Fitt, B.D.L., Influence of simulated rain on dispersal of rust spores from infected wheat seedlings (2000) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 101 (1), pp. 53-66. , DOI 10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00155-0, PII S0168192399001550; Greer, C.A., Webster, R.K., Occurrence, distribution, epidemiology, cultivar reaction, and management of rice blast disease in California (2001) Plant Disease, 85, pp. 1096-1102; Ingold, C.T., (1953) Dispersal in Fungi, 197p. , Clarendon Press, Oxford; Jenkins, K.J., Manly, B.F.L., A double-observer method for reducing bias in faecal pellet surveys of forest ungulates: Roosevelt elk and Columbian black-tailed deer in Olympic National Park, USA (2008) Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, pp. 1339-1348; Langrell, S.R.H., Development of a nested PCR detection procedure for Nectria fuckeliana direct from Norway spruce bark extracts (2004) FEMS Mircobiology Letters, 242, pp. 185-193; Ostry, M.E., Nicholls, T.H., A technique for trapping fungal spores (1982) Research Note NC-283, , USDA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experimental Station; Schweigkofler, W., O'Donnell, K., Garbelotto, M., Detection and quantification of airborne conidia of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker, from two California sites by using a real-time PCR approach combined with a simple spore trapping method (2004) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, pp. 3512-3520; Vasiliauskas, R., Stenlid, J., Population structure and genetic variation in Nectria fuckeliana (1997) Canadian Journal of Botany, 75, pp. 1707-1713; Zeng, Q.-Y., Westermark, S.-O., Rasmuson-Lestander, A., Wang, X.-R., Detection and quantification of Wallemia sebi in aerosols by real-time PCR, conventional PCR and cultivation (2004) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, pp. 7295-7302 PY - 2009 SP - 250-255 ST - An examination of assessor variation during spore counting on spore traps of neonectria fuckeliana T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - An examination of assessor variation during spore counting on spore traps of neonectria fuckeliana UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749119881&partnerID=40&md5=cac13e91e167cb57d6dc74337c1d0237 VL - 62 ID - 393 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Flower-visiting small arthropods (body length <3 mm) that may vector pollen can be carried via air currents over long distances. Therefore, assessing their diversity, abundance and distribution within crops is an important step in determining their role in the transfer of pollen between crops and weeds leading to crop contamination. A window trap survey of eight flowering pak choi field trials in the North and South Islands of New Zealand demonstrated that small arthropods, particularly flies and thrips, were highly abundant within all fields, greatly dominating arthropod counts. However, the relative abundance of different taxa could vary substantially. For example, Drosophilidae individuals represented 65.5% of total arthropod individuals counted in a Pukekohe field and only 7.0% in a Hastings field. The large representation of small arthropods within flowering fields across New Zealand warrants further investigation of their contribution to pollination and pollen flow. AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Walker, M. K. AU - McCallum, J. A. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Albre, J., Quilichini, A., Gibernau, M., Pollination ecology of Arum italicum (Araceae) (2003) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, pp. 205-214; Bohart, G.E., Nye, W.P., Insect pollinators of carrots in Utah (1960) Utah State University Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 419., 16p; Bohart, G.E., Nye, W.P., Hawthorn, L.R., Onion pollination is affected by different levels of pollinator activity (1970) Utah State University Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 482., 57p; Blanche, K.R., Ludwig, J.A., Cunningham, S.A., Proximity to rainforest enhances pollination and fruit set in orchards (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, pp. 1182-1187; Cresswell, J.E., Osborne, J.L., The effect of patch size and separation on bumblebee foraging in oilseed rape: Implications for gene flow (2004) Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, pp. 539-546; Free, J.B., (1993) Insect Pollination of Crops., p. 768. , Academic Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, London; Henning, J., Schnitzler, F.-R., Pfeiffer, D.U., Davies, P., Influence of weather conditions on fly abundance and its implications for transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in the North Island of New Zealand (2005) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 19 (3), pp. 251-262. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2005.00568.x; Herre, E.A., Jander, K.C., Machado, C.A., Evolutionary ecology of figs and their associates: Recent progress and outstanding puzzles (2008) Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 39, pp. 439-458; Howlett, B.G., Donovan, B.J., McCallum, J.A., Newstrom, L.E., Teulon, D.A.J., Between and within field variability of New Zealand indigenous flower visitors to onions (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 213-218; Howlett, B.G., Kitching, R.L., Boulter, S.L., Interception traps in canopy inflorescences: Targeting a neglected fauna (2005) International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 25, pp. 138-141; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Donovan, B.J., Teulon, D.A.J., Window traps and direct observations record similar arthropod flower visitor assemblages in two mass flowering crops (2009) Journal of Applied Entomology, 133. , http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/122246487/PDFSTART, in press accessed 24 April 2009; Kirk, W.D.J., Feeding (1997) Thrips As Crop Pests., pp. 119-174. , Lewis T ed. CAB International, University Press, Cambridge; Lewis, T., Flight and dispersal (1997) Thrips As Crop Pests., pp. 175-196. , Lewis T ed. CAB International, University Press, Cambridge; Krantz, G.W., Poinar, G.O., Mites, nematodes and the multimillion dollar weevil (2004) Journal of Natural History, 38, pp. 135-141; Mesler, M.R., Ackerman, J.D., Lu, K.L., The effectiveness of fungus gnats as pollinators (1980) American Journal of Botany, 67, pp. 564-567; Miyake, T., Yafuso, M., Pollination of Alocasia cucullata (Araceae) by two Colocasiomyia flies known to be specific pollinators for Alocasia odora (2005) Plant Species Biology, 20 (3), pp. 201-208. , DOI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2005.00139.x; Murugan, R., Shivanna, K.R., Rao, R.R., Pollination biology of Aristolochia tagala, a rare species of medicinal importance (2006) Current Science, 91, pp. 795-798; Nagasaki, O., Pollination of the yellow water lily Nuphar subintegerrima (Nymphaeaceae) by the shore fly Notiphila (Notiphilia) maritima (Diptera: Ephydridae) (2007) Plant Species Biology, 22, pp. 227-230; Pathak, S.C., Kulshrestha, V., Choubey, A.K., Parulekar, A.H., Insect drift over the northern Arabian sea in early summer (1999) Journal of Biosciences, 24 (2), pp. 233-240; Peltzer, D.A., Ferriss, S., Fitz John, R.G., Predicting weed distribution at the landscape scale: Using naturalized brassica as a model system (2008) Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, pp. 467-475; Pollard, K.A., Holland, J.M., Arthropods within the woody element of hedgerows and their distribution pattern (2006) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 8, pp. 203-211; Ramsay, G., Pollen dispersal by wind or insects (2005) Gene Flow from GM Plants., pp. 43-77. , Poppy G, Wilkinson MJ ed. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK; Rulik, B., Wanke, S., Nuss, M., Neinhuis, C., Pollination of Aristolochia pallida willd. (Aristolochiaceae) in the Mediterranean (2008) Flora, 203, pp. 175-184; Stewart, A.V., A review of brassica species, cross-pollination and implications for pure seed production in New Zealand (2002) Agronomy New Zealand, 32-33, pp. 63-82; Tscharntke, T., Klein, A.M., Kruess, A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Thies, C., Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity - Ecosystem service management (2005) Ecology Letters, 8 (8), pp. 857-874. , DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x; Watanabe, S., Sano, T., Kamada, H., Ezura, H., Reducing gene flow from pollen dispersal of genetically modified plants in special screened greenhouses (2006) Plant Biotechnology, 23, pp. 129-135; Williams, I.H., GM crops, bee foraging behaviour and gene flow (2001) Proceedings of the 37th International Apicultural Congress, , 28 October-1 November 2001. Durban, South Africa; Yuan, L.C., Luo, Y.B., Thien, L.B., Fan, J.H., Xu, H.L., Chen, Z.D., Pollination of Schisandra henryi (Schisandraceae) by female, pollen-eating Megommata species (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) in south-central China (2007) Annals of Botany, 99, pp. 451-460 PY - 2009 SP - 86-91 ST - Small flower-visiting arthropods in new zealand pak choi fields T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Small flower-visiting arthropods in new zealand pak choi fields UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749131126&partnerID=40&md5=07399f1c793ce7c8ccfe66e4f69940d7 VL - 62 ID - 425 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Terrestrial slugs (Order Stylommatophora) can cause significant damage in cropping and pastoral systems. Pathogenic microbes have long been shown to have potential as biocontrol agents for insect pests and a number of retail products are available, but there is no equivalent product for molluscs. A research program is underway to investigate the potential of microorganisms as slug biocontrol agents and this paper describes a bioassay methodology that can be used to assess the molluscicidal properties of bacterial isolates. Its feasibility has been demonstrated in laboratory tests against pest slugs of the genus Deroceras. Fourteen bacterial strains were screened by feeding them to the slugs in a mix based on oat bran, a food that is highly palatable to these molluscs. Mortality was assessed 3 and 4 days after introduction of the treated food. Two of the bacterial strains tested resulted in significant mortality, killing 100% slugs within 4 days. AU - Howlett, S. A. AU - Burch, G. AU - Sarathchandra, U. AU - Bell, N. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ali, A.Y., Muller, C.T., Randerson, P., Bowen, I.D., Screening African plants for mollusc repellency (2003) Slugs & Snails: Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Perspectives., pp. 319-324. , Dussart GBJ ed. British Crop Protection Council, Norwich, UK; Cook, R.T., Bailey, S.E.R., McCrohan, C.R., The potential for common weeds to reduce slug damage to winter wheat: Laboratory and field studies (1997) Journal of Applied Ecology, 34 (1), pp. 79-87; Glen, D.M., Milsom, N.F., Wiltshire, C.W., Effects of seed-bed conditions on slug numbers and damage to winter wheat in a clay soil (1989) Annals of Applied Biology, 115, pp. 177-190; Glen, D.M., Wiltshire, C.W., Butler, R.C., Slug population changes following molluscicide treatment in relation to distance from edge of treated area (1991) Crop Protection, 10, pp. 408-412; Hughes, K.A., Gaynor, D.L., Comparison of Argentine stem weevil and slug damage in maize direct-drilled into pasture or following winter oats (1984) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 12, pp. 47-53; Iglesias, J., Castillejo, J., Ester, A., Laboratory evaluation of potential molluscicides for the control of eggs of the pest slug deroceras reticulatum (Müller) (Pulmonata: Limacidae) (2002) International Journal of Pest Management, 48, pp. 19-23; Kienlen, J., Gertz, C., Briard, P., Hommay, G., Chaufaux, J., Recherche de la toxicité de diverses souches de bacillus thuringiensis berliner vis-à-vis de trois espèces de limaces (1996) Agronomie, 16, pp. 347-353; Pickett, J.A., Stephenson, J.W., Plant volatiles and components influencing behaviour of the field slug (1980) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 6, pp. 435-444; Port, C.M., Port, G.R., The biology and behaviour of slugs in relation to crop damage and control (1986) Agricultural Zoology Reviews, 1, pp. 253-299; Rae, R., Verdun, C., Grewal, P.S., Robertson, J.F., Wilson, M.J., Biological control of terrestrial molluscs using phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita - Progress and prospects (2007) Pest Management Science, 63, pp. 1153-1164; Voss, M.C., Ulber, B., Hoppe, H.-H., Impact of reduced and zero tillage on activity and abundance of slugs in winter oilseed rape (1998) Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 105 (6), pp. 632-640; Wilson, M.J., Glen, D.M., Hamacher, G.M., Smith, J.U., A model to optimise biological control of slugs using nematode parasites (2004) Applied Soil Ecology, 26, pp. 179-191; Wilson, M.J., Glen, D.M., George, S.K., Pearce, J.D., Selection of a bacterium for the mass production of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda, Rhabditidae) as a biocontrol agent for slugs (1995) Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 18, pp. 419-425; Wilson, M.J., Glen, D.M., Hughes, L.A., Pearce, J.D., Rodgers, P.B., Laboratory tests of the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of field slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) (1994) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 64, pp. 182-187; Young, A.G., Assessment of slug activity using bran-baited traps (1990) Crop Protection, 9, pp. 355-358 PY - 2009 SP - 7-11 ST - A bioassay technique to assess the molluscicidal effects of microbes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A bioassay technique to assess the molluscicidal effects of microbes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749151892&partnerID=40&md5=910f13e7ea8d6a87e50954dc4974fd91 VL - 62 ID - 375 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Veil.) is a common weed in canopy-depleted indigenous forest remnants in New Zealand. In this study triclopyr was applied to dense stands of wandering Jew at a range of rates in each of two experiments (Diamond Harbour in the South Island and Te Pahu in the North Island) to determine its effects on the weed and subsequent regrowth. The cover of wandering Jew was initially reduced by 80-100% with herbicide application. At about 1 year after application of the herbicide, the wandering Jew had regrown to about 3-50% cover, depending on the rate of triclopyr applied, and some indigenous seedlings had begun to appear. However, the survival of these seedlings was minimal. AU - Hurrell, G. A. AU - James, T. K. AU - Lamoureaux, S. L. AU - Lusk, C. S. AU - Trolove, M. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Brown, D., Rees, D., Control of tradescantia on Stephens Island (1995) Ecological Management, 3, pp. 6-9; Champion, P.D., James, T.K., Carney, E.C., Safety of triclopyr triethylamine to native wetland species (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 378-383; Esler, A.E., The banks lecture: Forest remnants of the Manawatu lowlands (1962) New Zealand Plants and Gardens, 4, pp. 255-268; Esler, A.E., The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand. 4. the nature of the naturalised species (1988) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 26 (3), pp. 345-385; Ganapathy, C., (1997) Environmental Fate of Triclopyr, p. 18. , Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento, California, USA; Hurrell, G.A., James, T.K., Lusk, C.S., Trolove, M., Herbicide selection for wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) control (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 368-373; Kelly, D., Skipworth, J.P., Tradescantia fluminensis in a Manawatu (New Zealand) forest: II Management by herbicides (1984) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 22, pp. 399-402; McCluggage, T., Herbicide trials on Tradescantia fluminensis (1998) Conservation Advisory Science Notes, (180), p. 8. , Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Standish, R.J., Experimenting with methods to control Tradescantia fluminensis, an invasive weed of native forest remnants in New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 26, pp. 161-170; Standish, R.J., Robertson, A.W., Williams, P.A., The impact of an invasive weed Tradescantia fluminesis on native forest regeneration (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, pp. 1253-1263; Sullivan, J.J., Timmins, S.M., Williams, P.A., Movement of exotic plants into coastal native forests from gardens in northern New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 29, pp. 1-10; Timmins, S.M., Williams, P.A., Weed numbers in New Zealand's forest and scrub reserves (1991) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 15, pp. 153-162; Timmins, S.M., Mackenzie, I.W., Weeds in New Zealand protected natural areas database (1995) Technical Series, (8), p. 287. , Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Wilcock, R.J., Costley, J., Cowles, R.J., Wilson, B., Southgate, P., Stream run-off losses and soil and grass residues of triclopyr applied to hillside gorse (1991) New Zealand Journal of SAgricultural Research, 34, pp. 351-357 PY - 2009 SP - 363-367 ST - Effects of rate of application of triclopyr on wandering jew (tradescantia fluminensis vell.) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effects of rate of application of triclopyr on wandering jew (tradescantia fluminensis vell.) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749164367&partnerID=40&md5=ebe777dd699571c8cd967ef3abeacd4b VL - 62 ID - 433 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) is a summer-growing annual grass currently expanding in distribution throughout pastures in Waikato. Readily grazed in its early vegetative growth stage, it is avoided by animals when the seed heads appear as barbed bristles lead to animal health problems, particularly around the mouth. Three field trials were conducted with several herbicides for control of yellow bristle grass. Since yellow bristle grass germinates over an extended period from November to February, the best control that could be achieved from a single herbicide application was 70% by 2,2-DPA alone or in combination with either TCA or carbetamide, applied in December. MSMA was more effective on larger plants. Ethofumesate treatment resulted in poor control of yellow bristle grass and severe damage to white clover (Trifolium repens). All herbicides evaluated resulted in variable levels of damage to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Dekker, J., The foxtail (Setaria) species-group (2003) Weed Science, 51, pp. 641-656; Fava, E., Rossi, F., Speranzini, G., Nigrelli, A., Rossignoli, G., Gelmetti, D., Mariotti, M.G., Von Boberfeld, O., Enzootic ulcer in the back of the tongue in cattle after ingestion of hay containing flower clusters of yellow bristle-grass (2000) Deutsche Tieraztliche Wochenschrift, 107 (9), pp. 351-354; James, T.K., (2008) Yellow Bristle Grass - the Ute Guide, 28p. , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-478-31135-8; Panday, C.B., Singh, J.S., Influence of rainfall and grazing on herbage dynamics in a seasonally dry tropical savanna (1992) Plant Ecology, 102, pp. 101-124; Pheloung, P.C., Weed risk assessment for plant introductions to Australia (2001) Weed Risk Assessment, pp. 83-92. , Groves RH, Panetta FD Virtue JG ed. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia; Steinmaus, S.J., Prather, T.S., Holt, J.S., Estimation of base temperatures for nine weed species (2000) Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, pp. 275-286; Tozer, K., James, T.K., Cameron, C.A., Environmental and management factors associated with Setaria pumila: Implications for pasture management (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 121-126 PY - 2009 SP - 217-221 ST - Selective chemical control of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in pasture T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Selective chemical control of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in pasture UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749116621&partnerID=40&md5=10cb216189597556f53d0fad7b7b0126 VL - 62 ID - 385 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pot experiments evaluated the efficacy of several pre-emergence herbicides on three annual grasses that are major problem weeds in most maize growing regions. Herbicides evaluated included alachlor, metolachlor, dimethenamid, two formulations of acetochlor, and proprietary mixes of acetochlor with atrazine or metribuzin. Pots were filled with soil collected from the top 10 cm of seven maize (Zea mays) fields with different cropping histories, and seeded with test grasses. Herbicides were applied immediately after sowing with a precision glasshouse sprayer. Additional seeds were sown at 2-weekly intervals for 8 weeks. Seedlings were counted 2 weeks after each planting. Metolachlor was most effective in controlling summer grass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and rough bristle grass (Setaria verticillata). All herbicides were less effective against the large seeded broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum) than the other grasses. All the herbicides except metolachlor were less effective in soils with a long history of maize growing. AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: James, T.K., (2008) Characterisation of Herbicide Behaviour in Some Innovative Growing Media, p. 227. , PhD Thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Holland, P.T., Degradation and persistence studies with the sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron (1999) Workshop on Environmental Aspects of Pesticide Use, p. 20. , Hamilton, New Zealand, (Abstract only); James, T.K., Rahman, A., Mellsop, J., Weed competition in maize crop under different timings for post-emergence weed control (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 269-272; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trolove, M., Optimal timing for post emergence applications of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 250-254; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trolove, M., Optimising time of planting and herbicide application for control of problem weeds in maize (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 183-188; Krutz, L.J., Burke, I.C., Reddy, K.N., Zablotowicz, R.M., Evidence for cross-adaptation between s-triazine herbicides resulting in reduced efficacy under field conditions (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 1024-1030; Krutz, L.J., Zablotowicz, R.M., Reddy, K.N., Koger, C.H., Weaver, M.A., Enhanced degradation of atrazine under field conditions correlates with loss of weed control in the glasshouse (2007) Pest Management Science, 63, pp. 23-31; Lee, A., Rahman, A., Holland, P.T., Decomposition of the herbicide EPTC in soils with a history of previous EPTC applications (1984) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 27 (2), pp. 201-206; Rahman, A., Weed control in maize in New Zealand (1985) Maize - Management to Market, pp. 37-45. , Eagles HA, Wratt GS ed. Agronomy Society of New Zealand Special Publication No. 4, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Rahman, A., Burney, B., Whitham, J.M., Manson, B.E., A comparison of the activity of herbicides in peat and mineral soils (1976) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4, pp. 79-84; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Decreased activity of EPTC + R-25788 following repeated use in some New Zealand soils (1983) Weed Science, 31, pp. 783-789; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Field persistence of some maize herbicides in two soils (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 6-10; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Minimising environmental contamination by selecting appropriate herbicide dose (2002) Environmental Protection and Risk Assessment of Organic Contaminants, pp. 209-224. , Kookana RS, Sadler R, Sethunathan N, Naidu R ed. Science Publishers Inc., NH, USA. [ISBN 1-57808-193-9]; Reid, J.B., Stone, P.J., Pearson, A.J., Cloughley, C., Wilson, D.R., 'The maize calculator' - A simple system for predicting fertiliser nitrogen requirements of maize (1999) Agronomy New Zealand, 29, pp. 73-74 PY - 2009 SP - 356-362 ST - Efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides on three annual grass weeds in different soils T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides on three annual grass weeds in different soils UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749109415&partnerID=40&md5=3e5e34ad1b912f98398a6e4b24c11215 VL - 62 ID - 407 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Australian citrus whitefly (ACWF) was first detected in Auckland in 2000. It has since spread to Kerikeri, Gisborne and Bay of Plenty, where it causes sooty mould problems and possibly reduction in fruit colour and tree health issues. The seasonal phenology of ACWF life stages and presence of natural enemies were assessed in citrus orchards in Kerikeri, Auckland and Gisborne. ACWF overwintered as a fourth instar/pupal stage. In Kerikeri and Auckland, the main adult emergence period was mid-October to January, with distinct periods when each immature life stage was present. In March, a small percentage of the fourth instar/pupal population emerged as adults, while the remainder overwintered before emerging the following spring. Clear and distinct periods when eggs, crawlers and nymphal stages were present were not seen in Gisborne. No parasitoids emerged from sampled ACWF and none of the predators collected in this survey appeared have any significant impact on the high ACWF populations observed. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Curtis, C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Carver, M., Reid, I.A., Aleyrodidae (hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) of australia. Systematic catalogue, host plant spectra, distribution, natural enemies and biological control (1996) CSIRO Division of Entomology, Technical Paper No. 37., 55p; Charles, J.G., The settlement of fruit crop arthropod pests and their natural enemies in New Zealand: An historical guide to the future (1998) Biocontrol News and Information, 19 (2), pp. 47-58; Goolsby, J.A., De Barro, P.F., Kirk, A.A., Sutherst, R., Canas, L., Ciomperlik, M., Ellsworth, P., Vacek, D., Post-release evaluation of the biological control of Bemisia tabaci biotype "B" in the U.S.A. and the development of predictive tools to guide introductions for other countries (2004) Biological Control, 32, pp. 70-77; Hoddle, M.S., The biology and management of silverleaf whitefly (1999) Bemisia Argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Greenhouse Grown Ornamentals., , http://www.biocontrol.ucr.edu/bemisia.html, accessed 14/5/2009; Liotta, G., Agro, A., Pinto, M., Biological control in citrus groves in the last 50 years: Three successful cases in Western Sicily (2003) Bulletin OILB/SROOP. International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, 26 (6), pp. 171-173. , OIBC/OILB, Dijon, France; Martin, N.A., (1999) Whitefly Biology, Identification and Life Cycle. C, 8p. , rop & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand. Broadsheet No. 91; Pyle, K., Stevens, P., Fullerton, R., Jamieson, L., Lo, P., Rogers, D., McKenna, C., (2005) Practical, Safe and Effective Integrated Pest Management Strategies for New Zealand Citrus., p. 154. , New Zealand Citrus Growers Incorporated, Wellington, New Zealand; Russell, L.M., Orchamoplatus. An Australasian genus (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (1958) Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16, pp. 389-410; Smith, D., Beattie, G.A.C., Broadley, R., (1997) Citrus Pests and Their Natural Enemies: Integrated Pest Management in Australia., 272p. , Queensland Department of Primary Industries; Van Den Berg, Ma., Hoppner, G., Greenland, J., An economic study of the biological control of the spiny blackfly, Aleurocanthus spineferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in a citrus orchard in Swaziland (2000) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10, pp. 27-32; Van Lenteren, J.C., Van Roermund, H.J.W., Sutterlin, S., Biological control of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa: How does it work? (1996) Biological Control, 6, pp. 1-10; Vigianni, G., Carver, M., Cales orchamoplati sp. n. (Hymentoptera: Aphelinidae) from Australia (1988) Journal of Australian Entomological Society, 27, pp. 43-45; Walker, A.K., Deitz, L.L., A review of entomophagous insects in the Cook Islands (1979) New Zealand Entomologist, 7 (1), pp. 70-82; Zalom, F.G., Natwick, E.T., Developmental time of sweet potato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in small field cages on cotton plants (1987) Florida Entomologist, 70 (4), pp. 427-431 PY - 2009 SP - 69-75 ST - Seasonal phenology of australian citrus whitefly (orchamoplatus citri) in new zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Seasonal phenology of australian citrus whitefly (orchamoplatus citri) in new zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749131630&partnerID=40&md5=039fe6f0e5a01d43b9f1342b517d192c VL - 62 ID - 417 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Citrus red mite (CRM), Panonychus citri, is only a significant pest of citrus in New Zealand when the broad-spectrum activity of insecticides targeting other key pests disrupts the activity of its natural enemies. The long-term solution to CRM control is to eliminate the use of disruptive agrichemicals, but until this happens effective miticides are needed to control CRM. Two small-plot field trials were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in a lemon orchard in Kerikeri. In the first trial, two applications of milbemectin, abamectin, fenpyroximate or propargite were effective against eggs and motile life stages. Oil at 1% was not as effective as milbemectin at suppressing the incidence of eggs on leaves 6 weeks after application, but was more effective than a 0.5% rate. In the second trial the Stethorus sp. ladybird and Agistemus longisetus predatory mite reduced CRM populations in bodi unsprayed trees and trees treated with miticides. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Stevens, P. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2004) Crop Protection Compendium., , http://www.cabicompendium.org/cpc, CAB International CAB International, Wallingford, UK. (accessed 14/04/2009); Chapman, R.B., Martin, N.A., (2003) Spider Mite Resistance Management Strategy, , http://www.nzpps.org/resistance/spidermite.php, accessed 14/04/2009; Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Charles, J.G., Predation of citrus red mite (panonychus citri) by stethorus sp. and agistemus longisetus (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 317-321; Jamieson, L.E., Charles, J.G., Stevens, P.S., McKenna, C., Bawden, R., Natural enemies of citrus red mite (panonychus citri) in citrus orchards (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 299-305; (1977) Diseases, Pests and Weeds in Tropical Crops, , Kranz J, Schmutterer H, Koch W ed. Paul Parey, Berlin, Germany; Little, A., Harty, A., (2003) Mit E' Mec Orchard Efficacy Trial, , Research Report to New Zealand Citrus Growers Inc, PO Box 10629, Wellington; McKenna, C., Lupton, T., Dobson, S., Maher, B., Jamieson, L., Stevens, P., The efficacy of insecticides against Kelly's citrus thrips (2004) Citrus Sustainable Farming Fund 2004, p. 105. , Stevens PS, McKenna C, Lupton T, Dobson S, Maher B, Jamieson L, Lo P, Charles JG, Fullerton RA, Dawson T, Chynowith R, Everett K, Sutton P, Machin T 2004. HortResearch Client Report No. 13320, Auckland, New Zealand; Pyle, K.R., Stevens, P.S., The integrated management of pests and diseases in New Zealand citrus (2004) Proceedings of the 10th International Society of Citriculture, , Agadir, Morocco. Paper no. 249 PY - 2009 SP - 302-309 ST - Miticides against citrus red mites (panonychus citri) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Miticides against citrus red mites (panonychus citri) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749107039&partnerID=40&md5=c56a9e0584c8f13c5bcc6884c54eeffd VL - 62 ID - 434 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Responses of adult Argentine stem weevil (ASW) to meadow fescue infected with the endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum and to two loline alkaloids produced by the fungus were investigated. Endophyte in two different meadow fescue seed-lines did not affect adult ASW feeding scores but reduced oviposition compared with endophyte-free controls. In a no-choice experiment, adult ASW were given artificial diets containing N-formyl loline (NFL) or N-acetyl norloline (NANL) at three concentrations or a control diet with no lolines. Mortality was significantly higher at the highest rate of NFL than for lower rates and the control. For NANL, mortality was increased at both the lowest and the highest concentrations. Feeding scores were higher on control than loline diets but only after 4 weeks. In a choice experiment, NFL appeared to have no effect on ASW feeding preference, whereas there was less feeding at the highest concentration of NANL compared with the control diet. AU - Jensen, J. G. AU - Popay, A. J. AU - Tapper, B. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :28 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Early impact of endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) after its establishment in listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations of northern New Zealand pastures (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 273-287; Bush, L.P., Fannin, F.F., Siegel, M.R., Dahlman, D.L., Burton, H.R., Chemistry, occurrence and biological effects of saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids associated with endophytegrass interactions (1993) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 44, pp. 81-102; Cooper, B.M., Evaluation of a meadow fescue (festuca pratensis) population from Northland (1996) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 57, pp. 69-72; Fletcher, L.R., Popay, A.J., Stewart, A.V., Tapper, B.A., Herbage and sheep production from meadow fescue with and without endophyte neotyphodium uncinatum (2000) 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, pp. 447-453; Justus, M., Witte, L., Hartmann, T., Levels and tissue distribution of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis (1997) Phytochemistry, 44 (1), pp. 51-57. , DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00535-3, PII S0031942296005353; Patchett, B.J., Chapman, R.B., Fletcher, L.R., Gooneratne, S.R., Endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis containing loline alkaloids deters feeding by listronotus bonariensis (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 205-209; Patchett, B.J., Chapman, R.B., Fletcher, L.R., Gooneratne, S.R., Root loline concentration in endophyte-infected meadow fescue (festuca pratensis) is increased by grass grub (costelytra zealandica) attack (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 210-214; Popay, A.J., Latch, G.C.M., Prospects for utilising endophytes for grass resistance to insect pests in New Zealand (1993) 6th Australasian Grassland Invertebrate Ecology Conference, pp. 129-155; Popay, A.J., Lane, G.A., The effect of crude extracts containing loline alkaloids on two New Zealand insect pests (2000) 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, pp. 471-476; Popay, A.J., Baltus, J.G., Pennell, C.G.L., Insect resistance in perennial ryegrass infected with toxin-free neotyphodium endophytes (2000) 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, pp. 187-193; Popay, A.J., Thorn, E.R., Endophyte effects on major insect pests in a Waikato dairy pasture (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71. , press; Rowan, D.D., Dymock, J.J., Brimble, M.A., Effect of fungal metabolite peramine and analogs on feeding and development of Argentine stem weevil (listronotus bonariensis) (1990) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 16, pp. 1683-1695; Schardl, C.L., Grossman, R.B., Nagabhyru, P., Faulkner, J.R., Mallik, U.P., Loline alkaloids: Currencies of mutualism (2007) Phytochemistry, 68, pp. 980-996; Siegel, M.R., Bush, L.P., Defensive chemicals in grass-fungal endophyte associations (1996) Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, pp. 81-119. , Romeo JT, Saunders JA, Barbosa P ed. Plenum Press, New York; Wilkinson, H.H., Siegel, M.R., Blankenship, J.D., Mallory, A.C., Bush, L.P., Schardl, C.L., Contribution of fungal loline alkaloids to protection from aphids in agrass-endophyte mutualism (2000) Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 13, pp. 1027-1033 PY - 2009 SP - 12-18 ST - Argentine stem weevil adults are affected by meadow fescue endophyte and its loline alkaloids T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Argentine stem weevil adults are affected by meadow fescue endophyte and its loline alkaloids UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749154519&partnerID=40&md5=525ce975a8a199882625e5369e7c39d1 VL - 62 ID - 435 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Diaeretiella rapae is an important parasitoid of cabbage aphid. Diel variation in emergence, mating and oviposition of D. rapae was studied in the laboratory to understand the biology and behaviour of the parasitoid. The emergence of the parasitoid was recorded hourly in two bioassay rooms set up at 22 ± 2°C with 16 h photoperiod from 0800-2400 hours or from 1800-1000 hours. Greatest emergence was found during the early photophase. The parasitoids that emerged during the scotophase did not mate until the following photophase. Unmated females that emerged during the scotophase had a lower incidence of host attack and oviposition during the dark. However, the parasitoids became active and had a greater incidence of mating and oviposition when they were brought into the light even during the scotophase. This research suggests that light triggers parasitoid activity and that the parasitoids lose their reproductive fitness if they emerge in the scotophase. AU - Kant, R. AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allen, G.R., Diel calling activity and field survival of the bushcricket, Sciarasaga quadrata (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): A role for sound-locating parasitic flies? (1998) Ethology, 104, pp. 645-660; Armstrong, S.M., Barrett, B.I.P., Evans, A.A., Circadian pattern of oviposition in the parasitoids Microctonus aethiopoides Loan and M. hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in relation to host activity (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New-Zealand Plant Protection Society Conference, pp. 280-284; Ayal, Y., The foraging strategy of Diaeretiella rapae: The concept of the elementary unit of foraging (1987) Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, pp. 1057-1068; Beck, S.D., (1980) Insect Photoperiodism, , 2nd Edition. Academic Press, London, UK; Doutt, R.L., Biological characteristics of entomophagous adults (1964) Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds, pp. 145-167. , DeBach P ed. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London; Dyer, L.E., Landis, D.A., Diurnal behavior of Eriborus terebrans (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (1997) Environmental Entomology, 26, pp. 1385-1392; England, S., Diel emergence patterns of the parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichnenmonidae) at two photoperiods (1995) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 68, pp. 470-473; George, K.S., Preliminary investigations on the biology and ecology of the parasites and predators of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (1957) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 48, pp. 619-629; Godfrey, H.C.J., (1994) Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology, , Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Teulon, D.A.J., Emergence, sexual maturation and oviposition of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 214-220; Hughes, R.D., Population dynamics of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (1963) Journal of Animal Ecology, 32, pp. 393-424; Kant, R., Sandanayaka, W.R.M., He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Effect of host age on searching and oviposition behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 355-361; McClure, M., Whistlecraft, J., McNeil, J.N., Courtship behavior in relation to the female sex pheromone in the parasitoid, Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (2007) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 33, pp. 1946-1959; McNeil, J.N., Brodeur, J., Pheromone-mediated mating in the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius nigripes (Hymenoptera: Aphididae) (1995) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 21, pp. 959-972; Michaud, J.P., Mackauer, M., The use of visual cues in host evaluation by aphidiid wasps. 1. Comparison between 3 aphidius parasitoids of the pea aphid (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 70, pp. 273-283; Mityakina, O.N., Maksimov, V.N., Klimenko, A.A., Diurnal timing of oviposition of Edovum puttleri (Hymenoptera: Ulophidae), an egg parasite of Colorado potato beetle (1993) Zoologicheski Zhurnal, 72, pp. 71-76; Myint, W.W., Walter, G.H., Behavior of Spalangia cameroni males and sex-ratio theory (1990) Oikos, 59, pp. 163-174; Nadel, H., Luck, R.F., Span of female emergence and male sperm depletion in the female-biased, quasi-gregarious parasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (1985) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, pp. 410-414; Nakamura, S., Ovipositional behaviour of the parasitoid fly, Exorista japonica (Diptera: Tachinidae), in the laboratory: Diel periodicity and egg distribution on a host (1997) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 32, pp. 189-195; Saunders, D.S., (1982) Insect Clocks, , 2nd edition. Pergamon Press, Oxford; Vogt, E.A., Nechols, J.R., Diel activity patterns of the squash bug egg parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (1991) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 84, pp. 303-308; Werren, J.H., Sex-ratio adaptations to local mate competition in a parasitic wasp (1980) Science, 208, pp. 1157-1159 PY - 2009 SP - 161-167 ST - Diel asynchrony in reproductive behaviour of diaeretiella rapae (m'intosh) (hymenoptera: aphidiidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Diel asynchrony in reproductive behaviour of diaeretiella rapae (m'intosh) (hymenoptera: aphidiidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749104742&partnerID=40&md5=82eb1579b34161f2c236516b2b37c649 VL - 62 ID - 436 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The unfathomable complexity of species interactions within biological systems tempts us to impose tidy concepts in an effort to predict, or explain, how ecosystems react to perturbation through species extinction or invasion. The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) contends that islands are inherently at risk of both invasion and extinction of species. The appealing logic of the ETIB and a general consensus that biodiversity is linked to ecosystem resilience - i.e. that the loss of biodiversity will result in a loss of ecosystem stability - have been cemented into mainstream ecology. However, the biodiversityecosystem resilience debate is far from resolved. The ETIB treats species as empirical entities and takes no account of how species' interactions evolve to determine the way ecosystems function. The Island Resource Allocation (IRA) hypothesis offers a testable alternative explanation of how ecosystems function and could be considered by biosecurity agencies in assessing ecological risk of introduced species. AU - Kay, M. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alma, P.J., Forest entomology in New Zealand (1986) Forestry Handbook, pp. 33-38. , Levack H ed. New Zealand Institute Foresters, Wellington, New Zealand; The state of our biodiversity (1997) The State of New Zealand's Environment 1997, 176p. , Anon Smith I ed. Chapter. 9. Ministry for the Environment and GP Print, Wellington, New Zealand; Atkinson, I.A.E., Cameron, E.K., Human influence on the terrestrial biota and biotic communities of New Zealand (1993) Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 8, pp. 447-451; Bain, J., Introduced forest and timber insects recorded from New Zealand indigenous hosts (2003) Contractual Report to MAF, p. 4. , New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited, Rotorua, New Zealand; Berenbaum, M.R., The chemistry of defence: Theory and practice (1995) Proceedings National Academy Science, 92, pp. 2-8; Campbell, R.W., Gypsy moth: Forest influence (1979) USDAFS Agricultural Information Bulletin No. 423; Carlquist, S., (1965) Island Life, , Natural History Press, Garden City, NY; Case, T.J., Invasion resistance arises in strongly interacting species-rich model competition communities (1990) Proceedings National Academy Science, 87, pp. 9610-9614; Charles, J.G., The settlement of fruit crop arthropod pests and their natural enemies in New Zealand: An historical guide to the future (1998) Biocontrol News & Information, 19, pp. 47N-58N; D'Antonio, C.M., Dudley, T.L., Biological invasions as agents of change on Islands versus mainlands (1995) Islands: Biological Diversity and Ecosystem Function Ecological Studies, 115, pp. 103-121. , Vitousek PM, Loope LL, Andersen H ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Davies, P., The sum of the parts (2005) New Scientist, 2489, pp. 34-37; Elton, C.S., (1958) The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants, , Methuen, London; Erlich, P.R., Raven, P.H., Butterflies and plants: A study in coevolution (1964) Evolution, 18, pp. 586-608; Fritts, T.H., Rodda, G.H., The role of introduced species in the degradation of Island ecosystems: A case history of Guam (1998) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29, pp. 113-140; Holt, R.D., Lawton, J.H., Polis, G.A., Martinez, N.D., Trophic rank and the species-area relationship (1999) Ecology, 80 (5), pp. 1495-1504; Hooper, D.U., Chapin, F.S., Ewel, J.J., Hector, A., Inchausti, P., Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: A consensus of current knowledge (2005) Ecological Monographs, 75 (1), pp. 3-35; Hubbell, S.P., (2001) The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, 375p. , Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA; Itô, Y., Miyashita, K., Biology of hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in Japan. V. Preliminary life tables and mortality data in urban areas (1968) Research Population Ecology, 10, pp. 177-209; Jaenike, J., Host specialisation in phytophagous insects (1990) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 21, pp. 243-273; Johnston, P.R., New Zealand's nonlichenised fungi - Where they came from, who collected them, where they are now (2006) National Science Museum Monographs, 34, pp. 37-49; Kay, M.K., Macroecology and the prediction of invasive invertebrate guilds (2003) Defending the Green Oasis: New Zealand Biosecurity and Science, pp. 93-100. , Goldson SL, Suckling DM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand; Kay, M.K., An assessment of the risk to the New Zealand flora posed by Japanese strains of the gypsy moth Lymantia dispar and the fall web worm Hyphantria cunea (2004) MAF Contractual Report, 29p. , New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited, Rotorua, New Zealand; Kay, M.K., Wratten, S.D., Ecosystem function and the prediction of tree resistance to defoliators (2006) Proceedings IUFRO Kanazawa International Symposium (2003), pp. 78-80. , Kamata N, Liebhold AM, Quiring DT, Clancy KM ed. Forest Insect Population and Host influences; Kay, M., Are Island forests vulnerable to invasive defoliators? Strength in simplicity (2006) Invasive Forest Insects, Introduced Forest Trees, and Altered Ecosystems: Ecological Pest Management in Global Forests of A Changing World, pp. 1-13. , Paine TD ed. Springer, The Netherlands; Kay, M.K., Gresham, B., Hill, R.L., Zhang, X., The disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae and the biological control of Buddleja davidii (2008) Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 295-299. , Julien MH, Sforza R, Bon MC, Evans HC, Hatcher PE, Hinz HL, Rector BG ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Kennedy, T.A., Naeem, S., Howe, K.M., Knops, J.M.H., Tilman, D., Reich, P., Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion (2002) Nature, 417, pp. 636-638; Kolar, C.S., Lodge, D.M., Progress in invasion biology: Predicting invaders (2001) Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16, pp. 199-204; Kopf, A., Rank, N.E., Roininen, H., Julkunen-Tiitto, R., Pasteels, J.M., Tahvanainen, J., The evolution of host-plant use and sequestration in the leaf beetle genus Phratora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1998) Evolution, 52, pp. 517-528; Kriticos, D.J., Phillips, C.B., Suckling, D.M., Improving border biosecurity: Potential economic benefits to New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 1-6; Levine, J.M., Adler, P.B., Yelenik, S.G., A meta-analysis of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions (2004) Ecological Letters, 7, pp. 975-989; Lewinsohn, T.M., Novotny, V., Basset, Y., Insects on plants: Diversity of herbivore assemblages revisited (2005) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 36, pp. 597-620; Lill, J.T., Marquis, R.J., Ricklefs, R.E., Host plants influence parasitism of forest caterpillars (2002) Nature, 417, pp. 170-173; Long, J.D., Trussell, G.C., Elliman, T., Linking invasions and biogeography: Isolation differentially affects exotic and native plant diversity (2009) Ecology, 90, pp. 863-868; Lowe, A.D., Insects (1973) The Natural History of New Zealand-an Ecological Survey, pp. 190-203. , Williams GR ed Reed, Wellington, New Zealand; MacArthur, R.H., Wilson, E.O., (1967) The Theory of Island Biogeography, 203p. , Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA; Maron, J.L., Vila, M., When do herbivores affect plant invasion? Evidence for the natural enemies and biotic resistance hypotheses (2001) Oikos, 95, pp. 361-373; Matsuki, M., Kay, M., Serin, J., Floyd, R., Scott, J.K., Potential risk of accidental introduction of Asian gypsy moth to Australasia: Effects of climatic conditions and suitability of native plants (2001) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 3, pp. 305-320; May, R.M., Patterns of species abundance and diversity (1975) Ecology and Evolution of Communities, pp. 81-120. , Cody ML, Diamond JM ed. Harvard University Press, Boston, USA; Meyer, B.S., Anderson, D.B., Böhning, R.H., (1960) Introduction to Plant Physiology, , Van Nostrand, London; Mitter, C., Farrell, B., Futuyma, D.J., Phylogenetic studies of insect-plant interactions: Insights into the genesis of diversity (1991) Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 6, pp. 290-293; Moore, P.D., Citation records show plant herbivory taking root as a hot research topic (1995) The Scientist, 26, p. 12; Moulton, M.P., Pimm, S.L., The introduced Hawaiian avifauna: Biogeographic evidence for competition (1983) American Naturalist, 121, pp. 669-690; Ridley, G.S., Bain, J., Bulman, L.S., Dick, M.A., Kay, M.K., Threats to New Zealand's indigenous forests from exotic pathogens and pests (2000) Science for Conservation, 142, 67p. , Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Rosenzweig, M.L., (1995) Species Diversity in Space and Time, , Cambridge University Press, UK; Schoenly, K., Beaver, R.A., Heumier, T.A., On the trophic relations of insects: A foodweb approach (1991) American Naturalist, 137, pp. 597-638; Stamp, N.E., Out of the quagmire of plant defence hypotheses (2003) Quarterly Review of Biology, 78 (1), pp. 1-40; Stireman, J.O., Dyer, L.A., Janzen, D.H., Singer, M.S., Lill, J.T., Marquis, R.J., Ricklefs, R.E., Diniz, I.R., Climatic unpredictability and parasitism of caterpillars: Implications for global warming (2005) Proceeding National Academy Science, 102 (48), pp. 17384-17387; Strong, D.R., Lawton, J.H., Southwood, R., (1984) Insects on Plants: Community Patterns and Mechanisms, p. 313. , Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK; Walsh, P.J., Kay, M.K., Insect threats and the risk to tree health (1996) Tree Grower, pp. 30-33; Wardle, P., Environmental influences on the vegetation of New Zealand (1985) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 23, pp. 773-788; Weisser, W.W., Siemann, E., The various effects of insects on ecosystem functioning (2004) Ecological Studies, 173, pp. 3-24. , Weisser WW, Siemann E ed. Insects and Ecosystem Function Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Whittaker, R.J., (1998) Island Biogeography, p. 285. , Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK PY - 2009 SP - 103-108 ST - Linking biosecurity and biogeography T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Linking biosecurity and biogeography UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749142021&partnerID=40&md5=843c3bd811aacfe9d4a04ae6bac67d67 VL - 62 ID - 416 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), a bird-dispersed, introduced shrub, is becoming increasingly weedy in parts of New Zealand, North America, Australia and elsewhere. In order to identify areas threatened by this species, an eco-climatic model for its potential global distribution was constructed using CLIMEX software. The model was based on the native range of hawthorn in Europe and validated against the invaded range elsewhere in the world. It suggests that hawthorn could potentially invade most lowland and montane areas of New Zealand. In lowland areas, invasion is likely to be limited by grazing pressure, but changes in the management of South Island montane grasslands as a result of the current tenure review process may favour hawthorn invasion in some areas. Pre-emptive action to identify and remove infestations from montane grasslands is recommended. AU - Kean, J. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bascand, L.D., Jowett, G.H., Scrubweed cover of South Island agricultural and pastoral land 2: Plant distribution and managerial problem status (1982) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 10, pp. 455-492; Bass, D.A., Crossman, N.D., Lawrie, S.L., Lethbridge, M.R., The importance of population growth, seed dispersal and habitat suitability in determining plant invasiveness (2006) Euphytica, 148, pp. 97-109; (2009) Global Biodiversity Information Facility, , http://www.gbif.org, GBIF accessed 4 May 2009; Hinckley, T.M., Duhme, F., Hinckley, A.R., Richter, H., Water relations of drought hardy shrubs: Osmotic potential and stomatal reactivity (1980) Plant, Cell and Environment, 3, pp. 131-140; Kriticos, D.J., Lamoureaux, S., Bourdôt, G.W., Pettit, W., Nassella tussock: Current and potential distributions in New Zealand (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 81-88; Kriticos, D.J., Stephens, A.E.A., Leriche, A., Effect of climate change on oriental fruit fly in New Zealand and the pacific (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 271-278; New, M., Lister, D., Hulme, M., Makin, I., (2002) A High-resolution Data Set of Surface Climate over Global Land Areas, 21, pp. 1-25. , Climate Research; Peacock, L., Worner, S., Using analogous climates and global insect distribution data to identify potential sources of new invasive insect pests in New Zealand (2006) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 33 (2), pp. 141-145; Sutherst, R.W., Maywald, G.F., A computerised system for matching climates in ecology (1985) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 13, pp. 281-299; Sutherst, R.W., Maywald, G.F., Yonow, T., Stevens, P.M., (1999) CLIMEX: Predicting the Effects of Climate on Plants and Animals, , User Guide. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia; Tait, A., Henderson, R., Turner, R., Zheng, X., Thin plate smoothing spline interpolation of daily rainfall for New Zealand using a climatological rainfall surface (2006) International Journal of Climatology, 26 (14), pp. 2097-2115. , DOI 10.1002/joc.1350; Vanneste, J.L., (2000) Fire Blight: the Disease and Its Causative Agent, p. 370. , Erwinia amylovora. CABI Publishing, CABI International Wallingford, UK; Vreugdenhil, S.J., Kramer, K., Pelsma, T., Effects of flooding duration, -frequency and -depth on the presence of saplings of six woody species in north-west Europe (2006) Forest Ecology and Management, 236 (1), pp. 47-55. , DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.329, PII S0378112706005135; Williams, P.A., Buxton, R.P., Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) populations in midCanterbury (1986) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 9, pp. 11-17 PY - 2009 SP - 387-392 ST - Potential distribution of hawthorn in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Potential distribution of hawthorn in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749143695&partnerID=40&md5=0c0fbb43ebfd1fa618b664ab308f7b24 VL - 62 ID - 429 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Diadegma semiclausum is an important larval parasitoid of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Little was known about the reproductive biology of this parasitoid. The present study investigated mating behaviour and egg maturation dynamics of D. semiclausum in the laboratory at 21±1°C, 16:8 h (light:dark) and 50-60% RH. Both males and females became sexually mature <12 h after emergence. When paired with 3-day-old virgin mates, significantly more newly emerged females (<12 h old) mated compared to newly emerged males (P<0.001). Both sexes could mate more than once. Females immediately after eclosion (<1 h old) did not contain mature eggs in the ovaries, suggesting that it is a synovigenic species. Maternal age affected the egg load, which was greatest in 72-h-old females. Egg maturation occurred without food supply, suggesting that D. semiclausum is an autogenous and non host feeding species. The implication of this study in mass-rearing in the laboratory is discussed. AU - Khatri, D. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbas, M.S.T., Biological and ecological studies on Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hym., Ichneumonidae), a larval parasite of the diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)(Lep., Plutellidae) in Egypt. (1988) Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz, 61, pp. 1-2; Amend, J., Basedow, T., Combining release/establishment of Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hym., Ichneumonidae) and Bacillus thuringiensis Bert, for control of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Yponomeutidae) and other lepidopteran pests in the Cordillera Region of Luzon (Philippines) (1997) Journal of Applied Entomology, 121, pp. 337-342; Beck, N.G., (1991) Lepidopterous Pests on Vegetable Brassicas in Pukekohe, New Zealand: Their Seasonality, Parasitism, and Management, , PhD thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Beck, N.G., Cameron, P.J., Developing a reduced spray program for Brassicas in New Zealand (1992) Proceedings of the Second International Workshop, , Talekar NS ed. Diamondback moth and other crucifers pests. Tainan, Taiwan, 10th- 14th December 1990. 341-350; Cueva RC, D., Nunez-Farfan, J., Female mating success and risk of pre-reproductive death in a protandrous grasshopper (2002) Oikos, 96 (2), pp. 217-224. , DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960203.x; Donaldson, J., Walter, G., Effects of egg availability and egg maturity on the ovipositional activity of the parasitic wasp, Coccophagus atratus (1988) Physiological Entomology, 13, pp. 407-417; Hirose, Y., Vinson, S., Protandry in the parasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps, as related to its mating system (1988) Ecological Research, 3, pp. 217-226; Huang, F., Shi, M., Chen, Y., Cao, T., Chen, X., (2008) Oogenesis of Diadegma Semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and its Associated Polydnavirus, 71, pp. 676-683. , Microscopy Research and Technique; Jervis, M., Copland, M., Harvey, J., The life cycle (2005) Insect Natural Enemies: A Practical Perspective, pp. 73-165. , Jervis MA ed. Springer, The Netherlands; Kwon, M., Park, K., Kwon, H., Developmental characteristics of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a larval parasitoid of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) (2003) Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 6, pp. 105-110; Leimar, O., Life history plasticity: Influence of photoperiod on growth and development in the common blue butterfly (1996) Oikos, 76 (2), pp. 228-234; Poelking, A., Diamondback moth in the Philippines and its control with Diadegma semiclausum (1992) Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifers Pests. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop, pp. 271-278. , Talekar NS ed. Tainan, Taiwan, 10th - 14th December 1990; Ramadan, M., Wong, T., Messing, R., Reproductive biology of Biosteres vandenboschi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of early-instar oriental fruit fly (1995) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88, pp. 189-195; Saucke, H., Dori, F., Schmutterer, H., Biological and integrated control of Plutella xylostella (Lep., Yponomeutidae) and Crocidolomia pavonana (Lep., Pyralidae) in brassica crops in Papua New Guinea (2000) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10, pp. 595-606; Talekar, N.S., Biological control of diamondback moth in Taiwan - A review (1996) Plant Protection Bulletin (Taipei), 38, pp. 167-189; Talekar, N.S., Shelton, A.M., Biology, ecology, and management of the diamondback moth (1993) Annual Review of Entomology, 38, pp. 275-301; Wang, X., Messing, R., Egg maturation in the parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): do host-associated stimuli promote ovarian development? (2003) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96, pp. 571-578; Winkler, K., Wäckers, F., Bukovinszkine-Kiss, G., Van Lenteren, J., Sugar resources are vital for Diadegma semiclausum fecundity under field conditions (2006) Basic and Applied Ecology, 7, pp. 133-140; Yang, J.C., Chu, Y.I., Talekar, N.S., Biological studies of Diadegma semiclausum (Hym., Ichneumonidae), a parasite of diamondback moth (1993) BioControl, 38, pp. 579-586 PY - 2009 SP - 174-178 ST - Mating behaviour and egg maturation in diadegma semiclausum hellen (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Mating behaviour and egg maturation in diadegma semiclausum hellen (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749127089&partnerID=40&md5=cc1fecd098ee09280bb812f358659e0c VL - 62 ID - 387 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Geographic information systems (GIS) have been used for geospatial data management and analysis, map production and spatial modelling. They also have the potential to incorporate climate and satellite data that could provide a spatial perspective on risk of establishment of plant pathogens. In the present case study, the climatic suitability for establishment of dwarf bunt, a disease that can cause market access restrictions, on wheat or other grass hosts in New Zealand was analysed using a GIS approach. Establishment risk for dwarf bunt in New Zealand was found to be very low. GIS was found to be a more versatile tool for modelling potential geographic distribution of organisms than conventional climate matching tools, such as CLIMEX. AU - Kim, K. S. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baylis, R.J., Studies of Tilletia contraversa, the cause of dwarf bunt of winter wheat (1958) Canadian Journal of Botany, 36, pp. 17-32; Hoffmann, J.A., Bunt of wheat (1982) Plant Disease, 66, pp. 979-986; Johnsson, L., Dwarf bunt (Tilletia contraversa Kühn) in winter wheat in Sweden: Relationship to climate (1951-1987), climate, survey results and cultivation measures (1967-1987) (1992) Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 99, pp. 256-265; Kriticos, D.J., Stephens, A.E.A., Leriche, A., Effect of climate change on oriental fruit fly in New Zealand and the Pacific (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 271-278; New, M., Lister, D., Hulme, M., Makin, I., A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas (2002) Climate Research, 21, pp. 1-25; (2006) IMS Daily Northern Hemisphere Snow and Ice Analysis at 4 Km and 24 Km Resolution, , http://nsidc.org/data/g02156.html, NOAA/NESDIS/OSDPD/SSD 2004, updated National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado, USA (accessed 5 May 2009); Priekule, I., First report of dwarf bunt caused by Tilletia controversa in Latvia (2007) Plant Pathology, 56, p. 1042; Purdy, L.H., Kendrick, E.L., Hoffmann, J.A., Holton, C.S., Dwarf bunt of wheat (1963) Annual Review Microbiology, 17, pp. 199-222; Sutherst, R.W., Maywald, G.F., A computerised system for matching climates in ecology (1985) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 13, pp. 281-299; Sutherst, R.W., Maywald, G.F., Climate-matching for quarantine, using CLIMEX (1991) Plant Protection Quarterly, 6, pp. 3-7; Wylie, D.P., Menzel, W.P., Woolf, H.M., Strabala, K.I., Four years of global cirrus cloud statistics using HIRS (1994) Journal of Climate, 7, pp. 1972-1986; Zhang, Z., Zhang, C.R., Wang, Z.Z., Plant quarantine significance of dwarf bunt of wheat to China (1995) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 25, pp. 665-671 PY - 2009 SP - 109-113 ST - Use of geographic information systems and satellite data for assessing climatic risk of establishment of plant pathogens T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Use of geographic information systems and satellite data for assessing climatic risk of establishment of plant pathogens UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749114359&partnerID=40&md5=8fb03c281eb03af8e2d9b1f553572136 VL - 62 ID - 411 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The spread of introduced conifers (wildings) threatens biological conservation, landscape values and pastoral productivity of large areas of montane New Zealand. Considerable resources are spent annually on their control. This paper reviews the background to a guideline manual that has been written to enable farmers and land managers to determine the most practical and cost effective means for wilding control. Wilding size and frequency are used to choose the optimum removal technique from a wilding control 'toolbox'. Methods involve management of the affected site (burning, grazing, fertilising), physical removal (hand pulling, hand tools, ring-barking), power tools (chainsaws and scrub-bars), heavy machinery (mulching, windrowing) and chemicals (foliar spraying, stem poisoning, cut stump application, soil injection). For each technique, implementation recommendations are given, along with comment on the most appropriate tools, audit procedures and safety issues. The wilding website (www.wildingconifers.org.nz) is used for additional detail. AU - Ledgard, N. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2005) The Sharp Edge., pp. 46-54. , Anon. New Zealand Logger Magazine July; Benecke, U., The weed potential of lodgepole pine. review 13 (1967) Journal of the New Zealand Mountain Lands Institute, pp. 36-43. , Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Bowman, R.G., (2004) Responsibilities of Local Government in Wilding Conifer Management, pp. 45-53. , Hill, RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed. Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand - present and future. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand ISBN 0-478-10842-7; Cattaneo, M., (2002) Effects of Microsite Characteristics, Competition and Grazing on Pinus Contorta and Pseudotsuga Menziesii Seedling Estalishment, p. 154. , M.Sc. thesis, School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Crozier, E.R., Chemical control of wilding conifer seedlings (1990) Proceedings of the 43rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 182-186; Crozier, E.R., Ledgard, N.J., Palatability of wilding conifers and control by simulated sheep browsing (1990) Proceedings of International Conference, (155), pp. 139-143. , Bassett C, Whitehouse LJ, Zabkievicz JA ed. Alternatives to the chemical control of weeds. Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand, 25-27 July 1989. Forest Research Institute Bulletin; Crozier, L.R., Zych, T.R., Ledgard, N.J., Control of wilding conifers by applying chemicals to cut stumps (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 160-163; Davenhill, N.A., Preest, D.S., Interim evaluation of several soil sterilants for the control of contorta pine (1974) Proceedings of 27th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 19-23; Davis, M.R., Grace, L.J., Horrell, R.F., Conifer establishment in South Island high country: Influence of mycorrhizal inoculation, competition removal, fertiliser application, and animal exclusion during seedling establishment (1996) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 26 (3), pp. 380-394; (2001) Regional Pest Management Strategy - Biodiversity Pests, p. 71. , Environment Canterbury April 2002. Report No R0/06, Environment Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; (2005) Wilding Trees - Eradication and Control, p. 2. , Environment Canterbury Resource Care Guide Information Sheet No 9, Environment Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Gibson, R., Change from sheep to cattle promotes conifer spread. review 45 (1988) Journal of New Zealand Mountain Lands Institute, pp. 26-28. , Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Hall, P., Mechanical site preparation using excavators (1995) New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 40 (2), pp. 31-35; Hunter, G.G., Douglas, M.H., Spread of exotic conifers on South Island rangelands (1984) New Zealand Journal of Forest Science, 29 (1), pp. 78-96; Langer, E.R., (1993) Delayed Germination of Introduced Conifers in Canterbury, 17p. , Unpublished Forest Research Institute Contract Report, Christchurch; Ledgard, N.J., The spread of introduced trees in New Zealand's rangelands - South Island high country experience. Review 44 (1988) Journal of New Zealand Mountain Lands Institute, pp. 1-7. , Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Ledgard, N.J., (1994) A Form for Assessing the Risk of Conifer Spread in the South Island High Country, 39 (1), pp. 26-27. , New Zealand Forestry; Ledgard, N.J., Langer, E.R., (1999) Wilding Prevention - Guidelines for Minimising the Risk of Unwanted Spread from New Plantings of Introduced Conifers, p. 21. , Forest Research, Box 29237, Fendalton, Christchurch; Ledgard, N.J., The spread of Lodgepole pine (pinus con torta, dougl.) in New Zealand (2001) Journal of Forest Ecology and Management, 141, pp. 43-57; Ledgard, N.J., (2004) Wilding Conifers - New Zealand History and Research Background, pp. 1-25. , Hill, RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed. Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand - present and future. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand ISBN 0-478-10842-7; Ledgard, N.J., Determining the effect of increasing vegetation competition through fertiliser use on the establishment of wildings in unimproved high country grassland (2006) New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 51 (3), pp. 29-34; Ledgard, N.J., (2009) Wilding Control - Guidelines for the Control of Wilding Conifers, , Scion, PO Box 29237, Fendalton, Christchurch; Ledgard, N., Norton, D., The impact of browsing on wilding conifers in the South Island high country (2008) New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 52 (4), pp. 29-34; Newfield, M.J., Ward, B.G., Vigilant herbicide for control of two wilding conifer species, contorta pine and Douglas fir (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 94-97; Paul, T.S.H., Ledgard, N.J., Vegetation succession associated with wilding conifer removal (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 374-379; Preest, D.S., (1985) Chemical Aids for Planting Site Preparation, p. 48. , New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Forest Research Institute Bulletin No 100, Private Bag, Rotorua, New Zealand; Raal, P.A., (2005) Review of Chemical Control Methods Used to Control Wilding Conifers, p. 24. , Department of Conservation Internal Report, Otago Conservancy, Dunedin, New Zealand; Ray, J.W., Davenhill, N.A., Evaluation of herbicides for the control of Pinus contorta (1991) Proceedings of the 44th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 21-24; Richardson, D.M., Higgins, S.I., (1998) Pines As Invaders in the Southern Hemisphere, pp. 450-473. , Richardson DM ed. Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge; Woods, D.C., (2004) The Highs and Lows of Wilding Conifer Control Operations: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly!, pp. 55-63. , Hill, RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed. Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand - present and future. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand ISBN 0-478-10842-7 PY - 2009 SP - 380-386 ST - Wilding control guidelines for farmers and land managers T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Wilding control guidelines for farmers and land managers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749160730&partnerID=40&md5=9a66bd10090b2aaac554413c7865aa7a VL - 62 ID - 427 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) plants are highly susceptible to weed competition during their early field establishment period. For a long time, the contact herbicide paraquat has been widely used within the sweetpotato production system, often as the only herbicide applied to control weeds that emerge within the crop. A low rate of paraquat is applied repeatedly over the crop each season, eliminating seedling weeds at a very young stage, until the crop canopy provides adequate competition. However, the application of paraquat to selectively destroy seedling weeds has inadvertently selected for paraquat-resistant weed biotypes. This study confirms growers' field observations that populations of paraquat-resistant solanaceous weeds are now common, identifying them as Solanum nigrum L. and S. americanum Mill. Paraquat cannot be used selectively when these resistant biotypes are present, as the concentrations required to control the weed species would be lethal to the crop itself. AU - Lewthwaite, S. L. AU - Triggs, C. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bewick, T.A., Kostewicz, S.R., Stall, W.M., Shilling, D.G., Smith, K., Interaction of cupric hydroxide, paraquat, and biotype of American black nightshade (Solanum americanum) (1990) Weed Science, 38, pp. 634-638; Chase, C.A., Bewick, T.A., Shilling, D.G., Characterization of paraquat resistance in Solanum americanum Mill. I. Paraquat uptake, translocation, and compartmentalization (1998) Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 60, pp. 13-22; Coleman, B.P., (1972) Kumara Growing, p. 44. , New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 294. A. R. Shearer, Wellington, New Zealand; Harrington, K.C., Ward, A.J., Wells, D.M., Herbicide resistance in black nightshade and Onehunga weed (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 152-156; Heap, I., (2009) The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds, , www.weedscience.com, (accessed April 2009); Itoh, K., Azmi, M., Ahmad, A., Paraquat resistance in Solanum nigrum, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Amaranthus lividus and Conyza sumatrensis in Malaysia (1992) Proceedings of the 1st International Weed Control Congress, 2, pp. 224-228; Lewthwaite, S.L., Triggs, C.M., Weed control in sweetpotatoes (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 262-268; Neve, P., Powles, S., Recurrent selection with reduced herbicide rates results in the rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in Lolium rigidum (2005) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 110 (6), pp. 1154-1166. , DOI 10.1007/s00122-005-1947-2; Senarathna, L., Eddleston, M., Wilks, M.F., Woollen, B.H., Tomenson, J.A., Roberts, D.M., Buckley, N.A., Prediction of outcome after paraquat poisoning by measurement of the plasma paraquat concentration (2009) QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 102, pp. 251-259; (2000), www.stats.govt.nz, StatisticsNZ Statistics New Zealand, Agricultural Production Survey 2000. accessed April 2009; Treadwell, D.D., Creamer, N.G., Schultheis, J.R., Hoyt, G.D., Cover crop management affects weeds and yield in organically managed sweetpotato systems (2007) Weed Technology, 21, pp. 1039-1048; Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R., Gamock-Jones, P.J., (1988) Flora of New Zealand, Vol.IV: Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons, p. 1365. , Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand PY - 2009 SP - 349-355 ST - Identification of paraquat-resistant solanum nigrum and s. americanum biotypes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Identification of paraquat-resistant solanum nigrum and s. americanum biotypes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749086080&partnerID=40&md5=81591bb1defaa1b692076df3a0f4ad03 VL - 62 ID - 396 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are the most important insect pests in New Zealand vineyards because they vector grapevine leafroll virus, which seriously debilitates vines and reduces wine quality. A field trial was conducted on a commercial vineyard using the insecticides prothiofos (Tokuthion® and buprofezin (Applaud™). Factors tested were the timing and number of applications, water rate (250, 500 or 1000 litres/ha) and inclusion of an alkylsilicone or organosilicone spreader-type adjuvant. Prothiofos was applied in late September (late dormant), while buprofezin was sprayed at late dormant, mid October and late November (pre-flowering). The best treatments for reducing mealybug numbers and proportion of infested leaves were prothiofos at late dormant and two later applications of buprofezin. Two applications of buprofezin were more effective than one, more than halving the number of mealybugs. A water rate of 500 litres/ha was equally as effective as 1000 litres/ha. None of the three adjuvants improved the efficacy of prothiofos or buprofezin. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Bell, V. A. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Charles, J.G., A survey of mealybugs and their natural enemies in horticultural crops in North Island, New Zealand, with implications for biological control (1993) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 3 (4), pp. 405-418; Charles, J.G., Cohen, D., Walker, J.T.S., Forgie, S.A., Bell, V.A., Breen, K.C., A review of the ecology of Grapevine Leafroll associated Virus type 3 (GLRaV-3) (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 330-337; Golino, D.A., Sim, S.T., Gill, R., Rowhani, A., California mealybugs can spread grapevine leafroll disease (2002) California Agriculture, 56, pp. 196-201; Ishaaya, I., Horowitz, A.R., (1998) Insecticides with Novel Modes of Action: An Overview, pp. 1-24. , Ishaaya I, Degheele D ed. Insecticides with Novel Modes of Action, Mechanism and Application. Springer, New York; Petersen, C.L., Charles, J.G., Transmission of grapevine leafroll-associated closteroviruses by Pseudococcus longispinus and P. calceolariae (1997) Plant Pathology, 46 (4), pp. 509-515; Petersen, C.L., Jordan, D., Elisa works well for the identification of leafroll (1992) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grape and Wine Symposium: Profit in the Market, in the Winery, in the Vineyard., pp. 54-55. , New Zealand Society for Viticulture and Oenology, Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2009 SP - 296-301 ST - Maximising the effectiveness of insecticides to control mealybugs in vineyards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Maximising the effectiveness of insecticides to control mealybugs in vineyards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749150952&partnerID=40&md5=1275480d9636d0595c702b833599f3db VL - 62 ID - 389 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Chorus cicadas are regarded as a potential constraint to the productivity of kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand. However, limited research has been conducted on their management. In this study, the efficacy of insecticides and cultural methods to reduce numbers of cicadas in kiwifruit was determined. Chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam applied to egg-nests did not reduce cicada hatch. Soil application of thiamethoxam and pymetrozine at 800 g ai/ha did not reduce numbers of cicada nymphs in soil or emerging from soil to moult to adults. Hoeing to a depth of 10 cm and application of a groundcover effectively reduced numbers of emerged cicada nymphs by 40-50%. Failure of insecticide treatments may be related to dry soil conditions and further trials of insecticides may be warranted. Biological and cultural options such as the development of a biopesticide should also be considered as a more sustainable option to insecticides. AU - Logan, D. P. AU - Maher, B. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Castle, S.J., Byrne, F.J., Bi, J.L., Toscano, N.C., Spatial and temporal distribution of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in citrus and impact on Homalodisca coagulala populations (2005) Pest Management Science, 61, pp. 75-84; Clearwater, M.J., Blattmann, P., Luo, Z., Lowe, R.G., Control of scion vigour by kiwifruit rootstocks is correlated with spring root pressure phenology (2007) Journal of Experimental Botany, 58 (7), pp. 1741-1751. , DOI 10.1093/jxb/erm029; Day, E., Pfeiffer, D., Lewis, E., (2002) Periodical Cicada, , http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/entomology/444-276/444-276.html, (accessed 7 April 2008); Gerhard, W.J., (1923) The Periodical Cicada, 4, pp. 41-53. , Field Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology Leaflet; Gonzalez, M.I., Alvarado, M., Duran, J.M., Serrano, A., De La Rosa, A., Studies on Cicada sp. (Homoptera: Cicadidae) in olives (1998) Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal, 24, pp. 803-816; Harrewijn, P., Kayser, H., Pymetrozine, a fast-acting and selective inhibitor of aphid feeding. In-situ studies with electronic monitoring of feeding behaviour (1997) Pesticide Science, 49, pp. 130-140; Hogmire, H.W., Baugher, T.A., Crim, V.L., Walter, S.I., Effects and control of periodical cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae) oviposition injury on non-bearing apple trees (1990) Journal of Economic Entomology, 83, pp. 2401-2404; Johnson, D.W., Townsend, L.H., (2004) Periodical Cicadas in Kentucky, , www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Entomology/entfacts/pdfs/entfa446.pdf, (accessed 7 April 2008); Kuhar, T.P., Alvarez, J.M., Timing of injury and efficacy of soil-applied insecticides against wireworms on potato in Virginia (2008) Crop Protection, 27, pp. 792-798; Logan, D.P., Connolly, P.G., Cicadas from kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand, and a key to their final instar exuviae (2005) New Zealand Entomologist, 28, pp. 37-48; Logan, D., Max, S., Benge, J., What's happening about cicadas? (2009) New Zealand Kiwifruit Journal, 191, pp. 25-27; Martinelli, N.M., Matuo, T., Martins, D.R., Malheiros, E.B., Dosage rate of granular insecticides applied by different methods for control of coffee cicadas (2000) Ecossistema, 25, pp. 209-211; Senn, R., Hofer, D., Hoppe, T., Angst, A., Wyss, P., Brandl, F., Maienfisch, P., White, S., CGA 293'343 - A novel broad spectrum insecticide supporting sustainable agriculture worldwide (1998) BCPC Conference Proceedings, 1, pp. 27-36; Sutter, G.R., Branson, T.F., Fisher, J.R., Elliot, N.C., Jackson, J.J., Effect of insecticide treatments on root damage ratings of maize in controlled infestations of western corn rootworms (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1792-1798 PY - 2009 SP - 268-273 ST - Options for reducing the number of chorus cicada, amphipsalta zelandica (boisduval), in kiwifruit orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Options for reducing the number of chorus cicada, amphipsalta zelandica (boisduval), in kiwifruit orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749122809&partnerID=40&md5=ae2607634233b7e17717e2992c7429f9 VL - 62 ID - 426 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris L.) is an unpalatable weed in New Zealand dairy pastures and is estimated to cost the dairy industry over $150 million annually in lost milk solids revenue. In this study, the survival of giant buttercup seedlings was determined by following their fates in permanent plots on eight randomly selected dairy farms in the Takaka Valley from November 2004 to August 2008. Seedling emergence occurred year-round but tended to be higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Seedling survival was very low with less than 5% of seedlings surviving beyond 12 months. Seedlings that germinated in autumn had significantly higher survival at 6 and 12 months (22% and 12% respectively) than seedlings germinating in spring, summer and winter (3-7% and 2-3% respectively). Good pasture management, that prevents over-grazing and pugging in autumn and winter, should reduce the autumn flush of seedlings and minimise their survival. AU - Lusk, C. S. AU - Lamoureaux, S. L. AU - Bourdôt, G. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barrett, J., Silander, J., Seedling recruitment limitation in white clover (Trifolium repens); Leguminosae (1992) American Journal of Botany, 79, pp. 643-649; Bourdot, G.W., Saville, D.J., Hurrell, G.A., Ecological fitness and the decline of resistance to the herbicide MCPA in a population of Ranunculus acris (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology, 33 (1), pp. 151-160; Bourdôt, G.W., Saville, D.J., Crone, D., Dairy production revenue losses in New Zealand due to giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris) (2003) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 46, pp. 295-303; De Jong, M.D., Bourdot, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Erbrink, H.J., Zadoks, J.C., Risk analysis for biological weed control - Simulating dispersal of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary ascospores from a pasture after biological control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop (2002) Aerobiologia, 18 (3-4), pp. 211-222. , DOI 10.1023/A:1021339202533; Harper, J.L., Biological flora of the British Isles: Ranunculus acris L., R. repens L., R bulbosus L. (1957) Journal of Ecology, 45, pp. 289-342; Harper, J.L., (1977) Population Biology of Plants, 892p. , Academic Press Inc., San Diego; Harper, J.L., Sagar, G.R., Buttercups. Some aspects of the ecology of buttercups in permanent grassland (1953) 1st British Weed Control Conference, pp. 256-263; Kiviniemi, K., Eriksson, O., Dispersal, recruitment and site occupancy of grassland plants in fragmented habitats (1999) Oikos, 86, pp. 541-553; Lamoureaux, S.L., Bourdôt, G.W., A review of the ecology and management of Ranunculus acris subsp. acris in pasture (2007) Weed Research, 47, pp. 461-471; Parish, R., Turkington, R., The colonisation of dung pats and mole hills in permanent pastures (1990) Canadian Journal of Botany, 68, pp. 1706-1711; Rabotnov, T.A., The life cycle of Ranunculus acer L. and R. auricomus L. (1958) Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists, 63, pp. 77-86; Rabotnov, T.A., Saurina, N.J., The density and age composition of certain population of Ranunculus acris L. and R. auricomus L. (1971) Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 56, pp. 476-484; Sarukhán, J., Studies on plant demography: Ranunculus repens L., R. bulbosus L., and R. acris L. II. Reproductive strategies and seed population dynamics (1974) Journal of Ecology, 62, pp. 151-177; Sarukhán, J., Harper, J.L., Studies on plant demography: Ranunculus repens L., R. bulbosus L., and R. acris L. I. Population flux and survivorship (1973) Journal of Ecology, 61, pp. 675-716; Sarukhán, J., Gadgil, M., Studies on plant demography: Ranunculus repens L., R. bulbosus L., and R. acris L. III. Mathematical model incorporating multiple modes of reproduction (1974) Journal of Ecology, 62, pp. 921-936; Saurina, N., Dynamics of numbers of individuals and age spectrum in some populations of Ranunculus acris and Ranunculus auricomus (1972) Bulletin of the Moscow Society of Naturalists, 77, pp. 115-120; Totland, Ø., Eide, W., Environmentally-dependent pollen limitation on seed production in alpine Ranunculus acris (1999) Ecoscience, 6, pp. 173-179; Weppler, T., Stoll, P., Stocklin, J., The relative importance of sexual and clonal reproduction for population growth in the long-lived alpine plant Geum reptans (2006) Journal of Ecology, 94 (4), pp. 869-879. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01134.x PY - 2009 SP - 222-227 ST - Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acrls L.) seedling emergence and survival in golden bay dairy pastures T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acrls L.) seedling emergence and survival in golden bay dairy pastures UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749149522&partnerID=40&md5=7e3719e3223575cb88ebe11268699eb4 VL - 62 ID - 381 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The key insect pests of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit were determined by monitoring tagged fruit bunches for insects and insect damage in six orchard blocks from fruit set in November 2007 until harvest in February 2008, and by examining samples of picked fruit at harvest. The proportion of fruit damaged by leafroller feeding increased throughout the entire growing season and live caterpillars were present on picked fruit at harvest. Greenhouse thrips damage to fruit was noticeable from mid January. Armoured scale insects and mealybugs were recorded on the fruit from December, but most infestations occurred during the month prior to harvest. Leafrollers and greenhouse thrips are die key production pests, while leafrollers, greedy scale and some mealybug species are potential quarantine species. All three commercial A. arguta cultivare grown in die Bay of Plenty are susceptible to the key pest species. AU - McKenna, C. E. AU - Dobson, S. J. AU - Phare, J. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allison, P.A., Tomkins, A.R., Wilson, D.J., Thomson, C., Intensive monitoring of passionvine hopper (1998) HortResearch Client Report 98/187, 16p. , HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Blank, R.H., Gill, G.S.C., Upsdell, M.P., Greedy scale, Hemiberlesia rapax (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), phenology on kiwifruit leaves and wood (1996) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 24, pp. 239-248; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N.A., Stannard, K.A., Predicting armoured scale insect (Homoptera: Diaspididae) phenology on kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) (2008) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 36 (4), pp. 253-262; Jamieson, L.E., Dobson, S., Cave, J., Stevens, P.S., A survey of armoured scale insects on kiwifruit shelter (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 354-360; Logan, D., Connolly, P., Cicadas from kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand and identification of their final instar exuviae (Cicadidae: Homoptera) (2005) New Zealand Entomologist, 28, pp. 37-48; Mauchline, N.A., Hill, M.G., Settlement of armoured scale insects on fruit of commercial Actinidia sp (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 294-298; McKenna, C., Rheinlander, P., Fullerton, R.A., Dobson, S., Anderson, M., A survey of mites, insects and fungal pathogens associated with Actinidia arguta kiwifruit (2007) HortResearch Client Report 22369, 21p. , HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Morales, C.F., The occurrence of latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in New Zealand (1988) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 16, pp. 77-82; Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science Application, 4, pp. 357-362; Steven, D., (1990) Entomology in Kiwifruit, pp. 362-412. , Warrington IJ, Weston GC ed. Kiwifruit Science and Management. Ray Richards Publisher in association with the New Zealand Society for Horticultural Science PY - 2009 SP - 262-267 ST - The insect pest complex of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The insect pest complex of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749138040&partnerID=40&md5=c88d1cd548afca70027bfbb941a9eb93 VL - 62 ID - 432 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most arthropod traps available for biosecurity surveillance are either generic and incur problems with large bycatches, or are targeted at one or a few species and have limited application. Traps designed to be of intermediate specificity were tested at three high risk sites in Christchurch. Traps with and without attractants targeting weevils (Curculionidae), and two trap types targeting cobweb spiders (Theridiidae) were evaluated. The weevil traps captured nine weevil species from six genera, including the first detection of Sitona lepidus in the South Island. Significantly more weevils were captured in the traps with attractants. The spider traps captured spiders in the families Theridiidae, Linyphiidae and Agelenidae, including the first detection of Nesticodes rufipes (Theridiidae) in the South Island. For all traps, bycatches were small and readily processed, and included a cricket, Gryllodes sigillatus, that is not established in New Zealand. Traps of intermediate specificity have potential for operational use in high risk site surveillance. AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Vink, C. J. AU - Phillips, C. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Blight, M.M., Pickett, J.A., Smith, M.C., Wadhams, L.J., An aggregation pheromone of Sitona lineatus: Identification and initial field studies (1984) Naturwissenschaften, 71, pp. 480-481; Cowley, J.M., A new system of fruit fly surveillance trapping in New Zealand (1990) New Zealand Entomologist, 13, pp. 81-84; Ganev, S., Braithwaite, M., Resource requirements for national active surveillance programmes of high impact exotic pests in New Zealand (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 10-15; Hardwick, S., Proffitt, J.R., McNeill, M.R., Harens, B., Goldson, S.L., Cross receptivity of Sitona lepidus to Sitona lineatus and Sitophilus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) aggregation pheromones (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 118-125; Hodge, M.A., Macrohabitat selection by the orb weaving spider, Micrathena gracilis (1987) Psyche, 94, pp. 347-362; Hodge, S., Vink, C.J., Do epigeal spiders show a spatial association with patches of rotting fruit? (2007) Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society, 109, pp. 7-10; Kamimura, K., Yoshida, M., Nishio, Y., Matsuse, I.T., Shimano, S., Shirai, Y., Overwintering of Latrodectus hasseltii in shelter traps in Osaka prefecture (1999) Medical Entomology and Zoology, 50, pp. 137-140; Kean, J.M., Phillips, C.B., McNeill, M.R., Surveillance for early detection: Lottery or investment? (2008) Surveillance for Biosecurity: Pre-border to Pest Management, pp. 11-17. , Froud KJ, Popay AI, Zydenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Incorporated, Hastings, New Zealand; Lettink, M., Patrick, B.H., Use of artificial cover objects for detecting red katipo, Latrodectus katipo Powell (Araneae: Theridiidae) (2006) New Zealand Entomologist, 29, pp. 99-102; Martin, N.A., Wright, P.J., Fletcher, J.D., Unwanted in New Zealand: Diseases and pests of crops (2008) Surveillance for Biosecurity: Pre-border to Pest Management, pp. 81-87. , Froud KJ, Popay AI, Zydenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Incorporated, Hastings, New Zealand; MAF biosecurity New Zealand biosecurity surveillance strategy (2007) Review of the Current State of the Biosecurity Surveillance System, p. 40. , MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; (2008) Biosecurity Surveillance Strategy 2020 (Draft), 51p. , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/surveillancestrategy, MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand accessed 29 May 2009; Morris, M.G., Broad nosed weevils, Coleoptera: Curculionidae (Entiminae) (1997) Handbook for the Identification of British Insects, 5 (17 A), p. 106. , Royal Entomological Society, London; Quinn, M.A., Bezdicek, D.F., Smart, L.E., Martin, J., An aggregation pheromone system for monitoring pea leaf weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Pacific Northwest (1999) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 72, pp. 315-321; Pearson, A.B., (2002) An Independent Review of New Zealand's Biosecurity Surveillance Systems, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/surveillance-review/index. htm, accessed 29 May 2009; Phillips, C.B., Barratt, B.I.P., A guide to assist detection of newly arrived Sitona species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand and Australia (2004) Proceedings of 8th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 22-33. , Winder LM, Goldson SL ed; Phillips, C.B., McNeill, M.R., Hardwick, S., Vink, C.J., Kean, J.M., Bewsell, D., Ferguson, C.M., Stuart, B., Clover root weevil in the South Island: Detection, response and current distribution (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 209-216; Somerfield, K.G., Establishment of fruit fly surveillance trapping in New Zealand (1989) New Zealand Entomologist, 12, pp. 79-81; Stephenson, B.P., Gill, G.S.C., Randall, J.L., Wilson, J.A., Biosecurity approaches to surveillance and response for new plant pest species (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 5-9; Teulon, D.A.J., Scott, I.A.W., The use of suction traps for detection of unwanted invasive insects and other invertebrates (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 125-131; Thomas, D.B., Nontarget insects captured in fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) surveillance traps (2003) Journal of Economic Entomology, 96, pp. 1732-1737; Tóth, M., Smart, L.E., Szarukón, I., Imrei, Z., Preliminary observations on species specificity of Sitona lineatus (L.) pheromone traps in Hungary (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1998) Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 33, pp. 349-356; De Velázquez Castro, A.J., Alonso-Zarazaga, M.Á., Outerelo, R., Systematics of Sitonini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), with a hypothesis on the evolution of feeding habits (2007) Systematic Entomology, 32, pp. 312-331; Wilson, J.A., Stephenson, B.P., Gill, G.S.C., Randall, J.L., Vieglais, C.M.C., Principles of response to detections of new plant pest species and the effectiveness of surveillance (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 156-160 PY - 2009 SP - 124-129 ST - Surveillance for weevils and cobweb spiders at high risk sites around christchurch, New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Surveillance for weevils and cobweb spiders at high risk sites around christchurch, New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749101168&partnerID=40&md5=927ef390f8d9d45159dabe91b2cac392 VL - 62 ID - 377 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recently, the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) has been reported for some pastoral NZ soils. The impact of decreased SOC on soil filtering capacity for pesticides was investigated using 2,4-D. The hypothesis was that in aggregated soils the filtering capacity for organic compounds depends on physical, chemical and biological properties at the aggregate scale, impacting water sorptivity, pesticide sorption and pesticide degradation respectively, and that these are related to the SOC content. Indicators for these properties were identified, namely the water repellency, SOC content, and microbial biomass and basal respiration rates. Two pairs of sites with the same soil type, texture, land-use and climatic conditions, but with significantly different SOC content within each of the pairs were selected. For hydrophobic soils, a SOC loss tended to have a negative impact on chemical and biological properties, but a positive impact on the physical filtering capacity of aggregates for 2,4-D. AU - Müller, K. AU - Deurer, M. AU - Aslam, T. AU - Rempt, F. AU - Northcott, G. AU - Clothier, B. E. AU - Rahman, A. AU - Ghani, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01366.x; Täumer, K., Stoffregen, H., Wessolek, G., Determination of repellency distribution using soil organic matter and water content (2004) Geoderma, 125, pp. 107-115; Wauchope, R.D., Yeh, S., Jbhj, L., Klaskowski, R., Tanaka, K., Rubin, B., Katayama, A., Unsworth, J.B., Review. pesticide soil sorption parameters: Theory, measurement, uses, limitations and reliability (2002) Pest Management Science, 58, pp. 419-445; Woche, S.K., Goebel, M.O., Kirkham, M.B., Horton, R., Van, D., Ploeg, R.R., Bachmann, J., Contact angle of soils as affected by depth, texture, and land management (2005) European Journal of Soil Science, 56 (2), pp. 239-251. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00664.x M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2009 SP - 333-338 ST - Indicators for the physical, chemical and biological filtering capacity of pesticides in pasture and orchard soils T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Indicators for the physical, chemical and biological filtering capacity of pesticides in pasture and orchard soils UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749163282&partnerID=40&md5=5878024eabd65e4a9defcb2cb4a85a20 VL - 62 ID - 420 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Techniques used to remove unwanted wilding conifers can impact on subsequent vegetation successions. Five South Island sites were assessed for vegetation successions after conifers had been removed by four methods, felled to waste, mulched, harvested or killed standing by stem poisoning. Felled conifers created a flush of vigorous plant growth, but this increase was not long-lasting, and the end result was reduced plant biodiversity. Mulching reduced all plant cover initially, but gave poor wilding control. Harvesting led to a dominance of exotics including wildings, whereas solely native plants were found under dead standing trees that had been poisoned. Results indicated that, while there were differences in vegetation composition between the low and high altitude sites, there are good opportunities for manipulating wilding control towards more desirable vegetation covers - particularly involving native plants. AU - Paul, T. S. H. AU - Ledgard, N. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Brockerhoff, E.G., Ecroyd, C.E., Leckie, A.C., Kimberley, M.O., Diversity and succession of vascular understory plants in exotic Pinus radiata plantation forests in New Zealand (2003) Forest Ecology and Management, 185, pp. 307-326; Langer, E.R., Baker, G.C.B., Mountain beech seedling establishment using introduced conifers as a nurse crop in the South Island high country, New Zealand (1992) Proceedings 2nd International Workshop ASEAN-New Zealand Inter-Institutional Linkages Programme (IILP) Project 3: Forest Rehabilitation, , The Philippines, November 1993; Ledgard, N.J., Henley, D., Paul, T.S.H., (2008) Chemicals for Killing Standing Radiata Pine in the Marlborough Sounds by Stem Poisoning, p. 18. , http://www.wildingconifers.org.nz/images/stories/wilding/Articles/ ArapawaStemPoisoningreport.pdf, Report to South Island Wilding Conifer Management Group prepared by Scion, Christchurch, New Zealand. accessed 8 June 2009; Ledgard, N.J., Paul, T.S.H., Vegetation successions over 30 years of high country grassland invasion by Pinus contorta (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 98-104; Ledgard, N.J., Woods, D., (2007) A Review of Wilding Control Operational Procedures. Report to South Island Wilding Conifer Management Group Prepared by Scion, p. 23. , http://www.wildingconifers.org.nz/images/stories/wilding/Articles/ Obj2_review_wilding_control_operational_procedures.pdf, Christchurch, New Zealand. accessed 31 May 2009; McIntosh, P.D., Allen, R.B., Scott, N., Effects of exclosure and management on biomass and soil nutrient pools in seasonally dry high country, New Zealand (1997) Journal of Environmental Management, 51 (2), pp. 169-186. , DOI 10.1006/jema.1997.0143; North, H., Bartie, P., Ledgard, N.J., (2007) Wilding Conifer Project Report, July 2007: Objective 1 (Mapping/risk Assessment), p. 3. , http://www.wildingconifers.org.nz/images/stories/wilding/maps/ Wilding_conifer_project_report_July_2007_OBJ_1.pdf, Report to South Island Wilding Conifer Management Group prepared by Scion, Christchurch. New Zealand. accessed 31 May 2009; Woods, D., (2004) The Highs and Lows of Wilding Conifer Control Operations: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly!, pp. 55-63. , Hill RL, Zydenbos SM, Bezar CM ed. Managing wilding conifers in New Zealand - present and future. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand ISBN 0-478-10842-7 PY - 2009 SP - 374-379 ST - Vegetation succession associated with wilding conifer removal T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Vegetation succession associated with wilding conifer removal UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749106594&partnerID=40&md5=2bbb5e0b2d5b662c17d223e76c10dcf2 VL - 62 ID - 400 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In a meadow fescue plant assay, a lower percentage of tillers on endophyte-infected (E+) than endophyte-free (E-) plants on which eggs had been laid were damaged by Argentine stem weevil (ASW) larvae. There were indications of endophyte-mediated toxicity to young larvae. The percentage of damaged tillers on E- and E+ plants without ASW eggs was similar when they were planted alongside a plant with eggs, but severity of damage was less on E+ plants. In an artificial diet experiment, eggs took 2-3 days longer to hatch on an alkaloid-free diet than on diets containing either of two loline alkaloids produced by E+ meadow fescue. Growth and development of larvae was reduced by up to 36% at two higher concentrations of N-formyl loline (NFL) relative to the lowest concentration, and to a lesser extent by N-acetyl norloline. Larval survival declined with increasing concentrations of both alkaloids, with the highest mortality occurring at the two higher concentrations of NFL. AU - Popay, A. J. AU - Tapper, B. A. AU - Podmore, C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :24 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ball, O.J.-P., Tapper, B.A., The production of loline alkaloids in artificial and natural grass /endophyte associations (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 264-269; Ball, O.J.-P., Coudron, T.A., Tapper, B.A., Davies, E., Trently, D., Bush, L.P., Gwinn, K.D., Popay, A.J., Importance of host plant species, Neotyphodium endophyte isolate, and alkaloids on feeding by spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 1462-1473; Bush, L.P., Fannin, F.F., Siegel, M.R., Dahlman, D.L., Burton, H.R., Chemistry, occurrence and biological effects of saturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids associated with endophyte- Grass interactions (1993) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 44, pp. 81-102; Bultman, T.L., Bell, G.D., Interaction between fungal endophytes and environmental stressors influences plant resistance to insects (2003) Oikos, 103, pp. 182-190; Dahlman, D.L., Siegel, M.R., Bush, L.P., Insecticidal activity of N-formylloline (1997) Constraints on Forage and Grassland Production., pp. 13-15. , XVIII International Grasslands Congress, Canada; Dougherty, C.T., Knapp, F.W., Bush, L.P., Mortality of horn fly larvae (diptera: Muscidae) in bovine dung supplemented with ergotamine and N-formyl loline (1999) Journal of Medical Entomology, 36, pp. 73-77; Dymock, J.J., Prestidge, R.A., Rowan, D.D., The effects of lolitrem B on Argentine stem weevil larvae (1989) Proceedings of the 42nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 73-75; Hardy, T.N., Clay, K., Hammond, A.M.J., Leaf age and related factors affecting endophyte-mediated resistance to fall armyworm (lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in tall fescue (1986) Environmental Entomology, 15, pp. 1083-1089; Jensen, J.G., Popay, A.J., Reductions in root aphid populations by non-toxic endophyte strains in tall fescue (2007) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses, (13), pp. 341-344. , Grassland Research and Practice Series; Jensen, J.G., Popay, A.J., Tapper, B.A., Argentine stem weevil adults are affected by meadow fescue endophyte and its loline alkaloids (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 12-18; Justus, M., Witte, L., Hartmann, T., Levels and tissue distribution of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis (1997) Phytochemistry, 44 (1), pp. 51-57. , DOI 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00535-3, PII S0031942296005353; Malone, L.A., Wigley, P.J., A practical method for rearing Argentine stem weevil, listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the laboratory (1990) New Zealand Entomologist, 13, pp. 87-89; Patchett, B.J., Chapman, R.B., Fletcher, L.R., Gooneratne, S.R., Endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis containing loline alkaloids deters feeding by listronotus bonariensis (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 205-209; Patchett, B.J., Chapman, R.B., Fletcher, L.R., Gooneratne, S.R., Root loline concentration in endophyte-infected meadow fescue (festuca pratensis) is increased by grass grub (costelytra zealandica) attack (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 210-214; Patterson, C.G., Potter, D.A., Fannin, F.F., Feeding deterrency of alkaloids from endophyte-infected grasses to Japanese beetle larvae (1991) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 61, pp. 285-289; Pennell, C., Ball, O.J.-P., The effects oí Neotyphodium endophytes in tall fescue on pasture mealy bug (Balanococcus poae) (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 259-263; Popay, A.J., Lane, G.A., The effect of crude extracts containing loline alkaloids on two New Zealand insect pests (2000) Proceedings of the 4th International Neotyphodium/ Grass Interactions Symposium., pp. 471-475. , Soest, Germany; Popay, A.J., Prestidge, R.A., Rowan, D.D., Dymock, J.J., The role of Acremonium lolii mycotoxins in insect resistance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (1990) Procceedings of the International Symposium on Acremonium/Grass Interactions., pp. 44-48. , Baton Rouge; Popay, A.J., Townsend, R.J., Fletcher, L.R., The effect of endophyte (Neotyphodium uncinatum) in meadow fescue on grass grub larvae (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 123-128; Popay, A.J., Jensen, J.G., Cooper, B.M., The effect of non-toxic endophytes in tall fescue on two major insect pests (2005) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 67, pp. 169-173; Prestidge, R.A., Gallagher, R.T., Lolitrem, B., A stem weevil toxin isolated from Acremonium-infected ryegrass (1985) Proceedings of the 38th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, 38, pp. 38-40; Reidell, W.E., Kieckhefer, R.E., Petroski, R.J., Powell, R.G., Naturally occurring and synthetic loline alkaloid derivatives: Insect feeding behavior modification and toxicity (1991) Journal of Entomological Science, 26, pp. 122-129; Schardl, C.L., Grossman, R.B., Nagabhyru, P., Faulkner, J.R., Mallik, U.P., Loline alkaloids: Currencies of mutualism (2007) Phytochemistry, 68, pp. 980-996; Schmidt, D., Guy, P.L., Effects of the presence of the endophyte Acremonium uncinatum and of an insecticide treatment on seed production of meadow fescue (1997) Revue Suisse D'Agriculture, 29, pp. 97-99; Wilkinson, H.H., Siegel, M.R., Blankenship, J.D., Mallory, A.C., Bush, L.P., Schardl, C.L., Contribution of fungal loline alkaloids to protection from aphids in a grass-endophyte mutualism (2000) Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, 13, pp. 1027-1033; Yates, S.G., Fenster, J.C., Bartelt, R.J., Assay of tall fescue seed extracts, fractions, and alkaloids using the large milkweed bug (1989) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 37, pp. 354-357 PY - 2009 SP - 19-27 ST - Endophyte-infected meadow fescue and loline alkaloids affect argentine stem weevil larvae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Endophyte-infected meadow fescue and loline alkaloids affect argentine stem weevil larvae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749094606&partnerID=40&md5=2cc64c6a862ac876a713d519f4ff8eeb VL - 62 ID - 380 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fruit scarring in tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) is a cosmetic disorder causing extensive revenue losses to the New Zealand tamarillo growers. This study aimed to establish the cause of scarring. Three possible causes were tested experimentally: (1) fungal infection (2) insect damage and (3) physical injury. Inoculation with spore suspensions of Botrytis cinerea (∼10 5 spores/ml) at fruit-set indicated no association between scarring and infection by this fungus. Among seven herbivorous invertebrates recorded on tamarillo, greenhouse thrips were the most likely incitants of scarring. Applications of thrips to developing fruit in fine-weave terylene bags (∼120 thrips/bag) resulted in corky lesions. However, these were more superficial than the typical scarring of tamarillo. Damaging die epidermis by scratching or removing patches of cells on young fruit produced the characteristic corky scars. This suggests that any type of epidermal damage (e.g. windrub, hail or feeding insect) early in fruit development may cause scarring. AU - Rheinländer, P. A. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Fullerton, R. A. AU - Manning, M. A. AU - Meier, X. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cross, J.V., Basse, P., Damage to tomato and aubergine by broad mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks) (1982) Plant Padiology, 31, pp. 391-393; FreshFacts 2007. HortResearch - the Horticulture & Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Mt Albert, Auckland. Pp. 1-33; Froud, K.J., Stevens, P.S., Steven, D., Survey of alternative host plants for kelly's citrus thrips (pezothrips kellyanus) in citrus growing regions (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 15-20; Grafton-Cardwell, E.E., O'Connell, N.V., Kallsen, C.E., Morse, J.G., (2003) Photographic Guide to Citrus Fruit Scarring, , http://ucanr.org/freepubs/docs/8090.pdf, University of California ANR Publication 8090. (accessed 2 April 2009); Hoyte, S., The role of adhering floral tissues in Sclerotinia disease of kiwifruit (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 138-142; Jeppson, L.R., Keifer, H.H., Baker, E.W., (1975) Mites Infurious to Economic Plants, , University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA; Phillips, P.A., Faber, B.A., Morse, J.G., Hoddle, M.S., (2007) UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Avocado, , http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/C008/m008fpfrtdmg.html, University of California ANR Publication 3436. (accessed 2 April 2009); Rheinländer, P.A., Fullerton, R.A., Sutherland, P.W., Botrytis-scarring in persimmon fruit: Infection and disease cycle (2008) Journal of Plant Padiology, 90 (2 SUPPL.), p. 92; Smith, D., Pena, J.E., Tropical citrus pests (2002) Tropical Fruit Pests and Pollinators, pp. 57-102. , Pena JE, Sharp JL, Wysoki M ed. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK; Scott Brown, A.S., Simmonds, M.J.S., Leaf morphology of hosts and nonhosts of the thrips heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) (2006) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 152, pp. 109-130; Teulon, D.A.J., Penman, D.R., Thrips (Thysanopatera) seasonal flight activity and infestation of stonefruit in Canterbury, New Zealand (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89 (3), pp. 722-734; Yee, W.L., Phillips, P.A., Faber, B.A., Rodgers, J.L., Relationships between Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) populations on avocado leaves, fruit and scarring damage on fruit (2001) Environmental Entomology, 30, pp. 932-938 PY - 2009 SP - 315-320 ST - Scarring in tamarillo fruit (solanum betaceum) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Scarring in tamarillo fruit (solanum betaceum) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749105213&partnerID=40&md5=c0e1ad909548748c33a1f0c0f0366092 VL - 62 ID - 408 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bronze beetle (Eucolaspsis sp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) threatens the economic viability of New Zealand's organic pipfruit industry. Small plot cultivation trials were conducted during spring to target immature beetles in the soil under apple trees. These treatments did not appear to be as effective in the second year as in the previous year, although two cultivations significantly reduced beetle emergence at all orchards compared with the control. In large-scale cultivation trials, two cultivations reduced damage to apples by 46-61%. Sampling immature development stages of the beetles in the soil indicated that cultivation should commence during mid October to target pupae in the top 70 mm of the soil. The application of cultivation treatments for controlling bronze beetle on commercial orchards is discussed. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Cole, L. M. AU - Fraser, T. M. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Gednalske, J.V., Walgenbach, D.D., Effect of tillage practices on the emergence of Smicronyx fulvus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 522-524; Kay, M.K., (1980) Bronze Beetle. Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand, (49), p. 4. , New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua, New Zealand; Lysaght, A.M., (1930) Bronze Beetle Research. Bulletin 25. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, p. 32. , Wellington, New Zealand; Miller, D., (1971) Common Insects in New Zealand., p. 178. , AH & AW Reed Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand; Rogers, D.J., Cole, L.M., Delate, K.M., Walker, J.T.S., Managing bronze beetle (2006) Eucolaspis Brunnea, in Organic Apple Orchards, 59, pp. 57-62. , New Zealand Plant Protection; Rogers, D.J., Cole, L.M., Fraser, T.M., Walker, J.T.S., Jackson, T.A., Potential strategies to manage bronze beetle (Eucolaspsis sp.) in organic apple orchards (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 1-6 PY - 2009 SP - 285-290 ST - Managing bronze beetle (eucolaspsis sp.) in hawke's bay organic apple orchards using soil cultivation T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Managing bronze beetle (eucolaspsis sp.) in hawke's bay organic apple orchards using soil cultivation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749169814&partnerID=40&md5=450a3ee455c90c7a78d9f3e7bb37fdde VL - 62 ID - 422 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A summary of seed yield data from 19 fungicide trials in perennial and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium spp.) seed crops conducted over a 12 year period is presented. Seed yields from the best fungicide treatments were increased on average by 25% in forage ryegrass (390 kg/ha) and 42% in turf ryegrass (580 kg/ha). Seed yield increases were associated with the control of stem rust and/or maintaining green leaf area during seed fill. In turf ryegrass (susceptible to stem rust) delaying the first fungicide application until stem rust appeared resulted in seed yields that were not different (P>0.05) from the untreated experimental controls, whereas early fungicide applications from the beginning of reproductive development increased seed yield by between 36 and 42%. Fungicide mixes of a triazole plus a strobilurin usually gave higher seed yields than using either fungicide type alone. AU - Rolston, M. P. AU - McCloy, B. L. AU - Harvey, I. C. AU - Chynoweth, R. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Kerse, G.W., Ballard, D.L., Cyproconazole - A new DMI fungicide (1989) Proceedings of the 42nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 114-118; Latch, G.C.M., Importance of diseases in herbage seed production (1979) Herbage Seed Production. Grassland Research and Practice Series, (1), pp. 36-41. , Lancashire JA ed. New Zealand Grassland Association; Melbye, M.E., Silberstein, T.B., Gingrich, G.A., Pfender, W.F., The effect of fungicide applications on seed yield in perennial ryegrass, an evaluation of the rust model decision aid (2007) Seed Production Research at Oregon State University USDA-ARS Cooperating, pp. 47-49. , Young WC III ed. 2006 Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Report Ext/CrS 126, 4/07; Melbye, M.E., Silberstein, T.B., Gingrich, G.A., Pfender, W.F., The effect of fungicide applications on seed yield in perennial ryegrass, an evaluation of the rust model decision aid (2008) Seed Production Research at Oregon State University USDA-ARS Cooperating, pp. 46-48. , Young WC III ed. 2007 Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Report Ext/CrS 127, 3/08; Pfender, W., Upper, D., Lipp, C., A model for fungicide effects on within-plant spread of stem rust in ryegrass grown for seed (2004) Phytopathology, 94 (6 SUPPL.), pp. S84. , Series; Rolston, M.P., Archie, W.J., Simpson, W., Tolerance of AR1 Neotyphodium endophyte to fungicides used in perennial ryegrass seed production (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 322-325; Trethewey, J.A.K., Rolston, M.P., Is the flag leaf really that important in perennial ryegrass seed production? (2009) Seeds for the Future Symposium, , November 2008. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. In press PY - 2009 SP - 343-348 ST - Ryegrass (lolium perenne) seed yield response to fungicides: A summary of 12 years of field research T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Ryegrass (lolium perenne) seed yield response to fungicides: A summary of 12 years of field research UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749111546&partnerID=40&md5=97bc207d9409b6be73691c697c1dabf4 VL - 62 ID - 390 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dieback and crown rot affect about 18% of blueberry plants in the main New Zealand production areas, costing about $500,000 annually due to yield losses and replanting costs. Samples of symptomatic plants and stems were collected from six blueberry farms in the central North Island to determine which pathogens were responsible. From the 70 plants collected, numerous isolations from branch bases and tips, stem lesions and crowns revealed the apparent presence of Botryosphaeria species in 69%, 64.5%, 54.3% and 70% of samples respectively. These Botryosphaeria spp. were also found in a few roots and leaves but not fruit from symptomatic plants, nor in healthy asymptomatic stems. Morphological examination of conidia from 40 cultures identified B. lutea, B. parva, B. lutea/australis and B. obtusa with one unidentified Botryosphaeria species, apparently of the Neofusicoccum type. Molecular identification of 14 representative isolates from these 40 confirmed the presence of B. lutea, B. parva and B. australis. AU - Sammonds, J. AU - Billones, R. AU - Rocchetti, M. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Walter, M. AU - Jaspers, M. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alves, A., Phillips, A.J.L., Henriques, I., Correia, A., Evaluation of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis as a method for identification of Botryosphaeria species (2005) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 245, pp. 221-229; Ballington, J.R., Rooks, S.D., Milholland, R.D., Cline, W.O., Meyers, J.R., Breeding blueberries for pest resistance in North Carolina (1993) Acta Horticulturae, 346, pp. 87-94; Baskarathevan, J., Jaspers, M.V., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Distribution of Botryosphaeria species causing grapevine dieback and decline in New Zealand vineyards (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 392. , Abstract only; (2007) FreshFacts, , http://www.hortresearch.co.nz/files/aboutus/factsandfigs/ff2007.pdf, retrieved 16 February 2009; Langford, G., A review of the New Zealand blueberry industry (1982) MAF Advisory Services Report June 1982, 44p. , Lincoln, New Zealand; Leung, H., Borrmeo, E.S., Bernardo, M.A., Notteghem, J.L., Genetic analysis of virulence in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (1988) Phytopathology, 78, pp. 1227-1233; Johnston, P.R., McKenzie, E.H.C., Blueberry diseases in New Zealand (1982) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 10, pp. 73-77; Miller, S.A., Patel, N., Stanley, C.J., Cranberry pests and diseases in New Zealand (2006) ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 715, pp. 509-512. , VIIIth International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture; Milholland, R.D., Galletta, G.J., Pathogenic variation among isolates of Botryosphaeria corticis on blueberry (1969) Phytopathology, 59, pp. 1540-1543; Patel, N., George, J.P., Progress with breeding blueberries in New Zealand (1997) ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 446, pp. 149-153. , VIth International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture; Pennycook, S.R., Samuels, G.J., Botryosphaeria and Fusicoccum species associated with ripe fruit of Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit) in New Zealand (1985) Mycotaxon, 24, pp. 445-458; Phillips, A.J.L., (2004), http://www.crem.fct.unl.pt/botryosphaeria_site/(, retrieved 10 February 2009; Slippers, B., Crous, P.W., Denman, S., Coutinho, T.A., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., Combined multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic characters differentiate several species previously identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea (2004) Mycologia, 96 (1), pp. 83-101; Slippers, B., Fourie, G., Crous, P.W., Coutinho, T.A., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., Multiple gene sequences delimit Botryosphaeria australis sp. nov. from B. lutea (2004) Mycologia, 96 (5), pp. 1030-1041; Toleman, E.E., Blueberry production (1979) New Zealand. Agricultural Science, 13 (3), pp. 127-133; Witcher, W., Clayton, C.N., Blueberry stem blight caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. ribis) (1963) Phytopathology, 53, pp. 705-712; Zhou, S., Stanosz, G.R., Primers for amplification of mt SSU rDNA, and a phylogenetic study of Botryosphaeria and associated anamorphic fungi (2001) Mycological Research, 105, pp. 1033-1044; Young, J.M., Fletcher, M.J., (1997) International Collection of Micro-organisms from Plants, , http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biosystematics/fungi/icmp97. pdf, retrieved 18 April 2009 PY - 2009 SP - 238-242 ST - Survey of blueberry farms for Botryosphaeria dieback and crown rot pathogens T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Survey of blueberry farms for Botryosphaeria dieback and crown rot pathogens UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749122810&partnerID=40&md5=69d8f0cb1e5ae369a66c9fcdb109dfa8 VL - 62 ID - 419 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique is being developed for rapid assessment of host range of potential xylem feeding invaders in New Zealand. Stylet penetration behaviours of adult spittle bug Carystoterpa fingens were monitored for 12 h on grape, lemon, apple and kiwifruit plants using EPG. A multiple-choice test of all four plant species was conducted concurrently with the EPG tests for comparison. In EPG tests the longest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on grape and lemon, while the shortest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on apple. Results for kiwifruit were intermediate and not significantly different from the other plant types. In the multiple-choice tests, more insects were found on grape and lemon than on apple and kiwifruit. The similar ranking of the host plants in both multiple-choice and EPG tests suggests that EPG is a valid tool for rapidly assessing host feeding acceptance and preference. AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Calatayud, P.A., Rahbe, Y., Tjallingii, W.F., Tertuliano, M., Ru, B.L., Electrically recorded feeding behaviour of cassava mealybug on host and non-host plants (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 72 (3), pp. 219-232; Kenis, M., Auger-Rozenberg, M.A., Roques, A., Timms, L., Pere, C., Cock, M., Settele, J., Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Ecological effects of invasive alien insects (2009) Biological Invasions, 11, pp. 21-45; Kirichenko, N., Baranchikov, Y., Gregoire, J., Flament, J., Kenis, M., Ranking of the potential host plants for the invasive Siberian moth in Europe (2008) Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Entomology, , Durban, South Africa. CD Abstract No. 0782; Kirker, G.T., Sampson, B.J., Pounders, C.T., Spiers, J.M., Boyd, D.W., The effects of stomatal size on feeding preference of azalea lace bug, stephanitis pyrioides hemiptera: Tingidae, on selected cultivare of evergreen Azalea (2008) Hortscience, 43, pp. 2098-2103; Miller, J.R., Strickler, K.L., Finding and accepting host plants (1984) Chemical Ecology of Insects, pp. 127-157. , Bell WJ, Cardé RT ed. Chapman & Hall, London, U.K. Pp; Powell, G.H.J., Host-selection behaviour by genetically identical aphids with different plant preferences (2000) Physiological Entomology, 25, pp. 54-62; Prado, E., Tjallingii, W., Behavioral evidence for local reduction of aphid-induced resistance (2007) Journal of Insect Science, 7 (48). , http://www.insectscience.org/7.48; Sandanayaka, M., Using EPG to compare acceptance by the spittle bug Carystoterpa fingens of four plant species (2008) Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Entomology, , Durban, South Africa. CD Abstract No 443; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Backus, E.A., Quantitative comparison of stylet penetration behaviors of glassy winged sharpshooter, homalodisca vitripennis on selected hosts (2008) Journal of Economic Entomology, 101, pp. 1183-1197; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Chhagan, A., Ramankutty, P., Host plant testing of the spittle bug carystoterpa fingens by stylet penetration behaviour (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 78-84; Schuler, T.H., Potting, R.P.J., Denholm, I., Clark, S.J., Clark, A.J., Stewart, C.N., Poppy, G.M., Tritrophic choice experiments with bt plants, the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and the parasitoid cotesia plutellae (2003) Transgenic Research, 12 (3), pp. 351-361. , DOI 10.1023/A:1023342027192; Skoracka, A., Kuczynski, L., Rector, B.G., Divergent host acceptance behavior suggests host specialization in populations of the polyphagous mite Abacarus hystrix Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae (2007) Environmental Entomology, 36, pp. 899-909; Smith, T.R., Capinera, J.L., Host preferences and habitat associations of some Florida grasshoppers orthoptera: Acrididae (2005) Environmental Entomology, 34, pp. 210-224; Troncoso, A.J., Vargas, R.R., Tapia, D.H., Olivares-Donoso, R., Niemeyer, H.M., Host selection by the generalist aphid Myzus persicae Hemiptera: Aphididae and its subspecies specialized on tobacco, after being reared on the same host (2005) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95, pp. 23-28; Van Den Berg, J., De Bruyn, A.J.M., Van Hamburg, H., Oviposition preference and survival of the maize stem borer, busseola fusca (lepidoptera: noctuidae), on napier grasses, pennisetum spp., and maize African Entomology, 14 (2), pp. 211-218; Withers, T.M., Changes in plant attack over time in no-choice tests: An indicator of specificity (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 214-217 PY - 2009 SP - 191-196 ST - Evaluation of host testing by comparing ingestion and settling behaviours T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of host testing by comparing ingestion and settling behaviours UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749154502&partnerID=40&md5=b022ed2a4a89ed756fdc585afcb3845c VL - 62 ID - 398 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The European leafminer, Scaptomyza flava, is an important pest of brassicas, peas and gypsophila in New Zealand. The patterns of S. flava adult eclosion, mating and oviposition were determined in the laboratory. Most adults (97%) emerged in the photophase with maximum adult eclosión occurring between 2 and 3 h into the photophase. Mating took place exclusively in the photophase and peaked about 30 min after lights on. Both male and female S. flava mated more than once. Females started oviposition 3 days after emergence, and the fecundity (number of eggs laid) and fertility (number of eggs hatched) peaked between 5 and 10 days after emergence. The mean lifetime fecundity was 133.5±4.1 eggs with the fertility rate being 57% during the 40-day oviposition period. AU - Shakeel, M. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Martin, N. A. AU - Hanan, A. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Arnqvist, G., Nilsson, T., The evolution of polyandry: Multiple mating and female fitness in insects (2000) Animal Behaviour, 60, pp. 145-164; Bauziene, V., Vincas, B., Bernotiene, R., Mating activity of the mammalophilic blackflies Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum (Meigen, 1804) (Diptera: Simuliidae) under laboratory conditions (2004) Acta Zoological Lituanica, 14, pp. 34-40; Bjorksten, T.A., Robinson, M., La, S.J., Species composition and population dynamics of leafmining flies and their parasitoids in Victoria (2005) Australian Journal of Entomology, 44 (2), pp. 186-191. , DOI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2005.00450.x; Carrière, Y., McNeil, J., Observations on the mating behavior of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and evidence of a female sex pheromone (1988) Journal of Insect Behavior, 1, pp. 291-307; Daniel, W.W., (1990) Applied Nonparametric Statistics., 635p. , PWS-Kent, Boston, MA, USA; Jonušatte, V., Buda, V., Diurnal rhythm of adult emergence in five black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) species (2002) Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 12, pp. 138-143; Kumar, S., Vaze, K., Kumar, D., Sharma, V., Selection for early and late adult emergence alters the rate of pre-adult development in Drosophila melanogaster (2006) BMC Developmental Biology, 6, p. 57; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Hedderley, D., Susceptibility of Scaptomyza flava (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to insecticides (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 228-234; Martin, N.A., History of an invader, Scaptomyza flava (Fallen, 1823) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) (2004) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 31, pp. 27-32; Saunders, D.S., (1982) Insect Clocks, 409p. , 2nd ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford; Spencer, K.A., (1981) A Revisionary Study of the Leaf Mining Flies (Agromyzidae) of California., 489p. , University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences Special Publications No. 3273; Watari, Y., Comparison of the circadian eclosion rhythm between nondiapause and diapause pupae in the onion fly, Delia antiqua (2002) Journal of Insect Physiology, 48 (1), pp. 83-89. , DOI 10.1016/S0022-1910(01)00148-2, PII S0022191001001482; Wicker-Thomas, C., Pheromonal communication involved in courtship behavior in Diptera (2007) Journal of Insect Physiology, 53 (11), pp. 1089-1100. , DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.07.003, PII S002219100700162X PY - 2009 SP - 80-85 ST - Diurnal periodicity of adult eclosion, mating and oviposition of the european leafmlner scaptomyza flava (fallen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Diurnal periodicity of adult eclosion, mating and oviposition of the european leafmlner scaptomyza flava (fallen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749130188&partnerID=40&md5=68267394a1dc6f257449b8b3688c4d2e VL - 62 ID - 424 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A spray strategy to control woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum, WAA) was assessed on apple orchards in Nelson. Carbaryl, applied for fruit thinning, was either sprayed alone or combined with diazinon on 'Braeburn' apples at four orchard sites infested with WAA. The diazinon plus carbaryl treatment reduced WAA levels and there were lower numbers of WAA-infested shoots with considerably fewer colonies on branches and shoots in November. Numbers of WAA colonies on shoots in January were 50% lower overall in the diazinon plus carbaryl treatment. There was an initial decline in numbers of the WAA parasitoid, Aphelinus mali, in both treatments, but they increased steadily during the season and high levels of parasitism were evident by harvest. The parasitoid was able to suppress the lower populations of WAA in the diazinon plus carbaryl treatment and this resulted in significantly lower levels of WAA shoot and fruit infestation and bud damage in late March. AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Asante, S.K., Danthanarayana, W., Development of aphelinus mali an endoparasitoid of woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum at different temperatures (1992) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 65, pp. 31-37; Bradley, S.J., Murrell, V.C., Shaw, P.W., Walker, J.T.S., Effect of orchard pesticides on aphelinus mali, the woolly apple aphid parasitoid (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 218-222; Brown, M.W., Schmitt, J.J., Population dynamics of woolly apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in West Virginia apple orchards (1994) Environmental Entomology, 23, pp. 1182-1188; Ferro, D.N., (1976) New Zealand Insect Pests., pp. 43-43. , Lincoln University College of Agriculture, Canterbury, New Zealand; Mois, P.J.M., Boers, J.M., Simulation study with a dutch and a canadian strain of the parasitoid aphelinus mali (haId.) for control of woolly apple aphids eriosoma lanigerum (hausmann) in the Netherlands (1999) Acta Horticulturae, 499, pp. 261-268; Shaw, P.W., Walker, J.T.S., Biological control of woolly apple aphid by Aphelinus mali in an integrated fruit production programme in Nelson (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 59-63; Shaw, P.W., Walker, J.T.S., Wallis, D.R., Cole, L.C., Rogers, D., Charles, J.G., (2008) Woolly Apple Aphid (WAA): Improving Management and Biocontrol, p. 22. , HortResearch Report No. 24092. HortResearch, Auckland, New Zealand; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Biocontrol of pests in apples under Integrated Fruit Production (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 333-337; Trimble, R.M., Blommers, L.H.M., Helsen, H.H.M., Diapause termination and thermal requirements for post-diapause development in Aphelinus mali at constant and fluctuating temperatures (1990) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 56, pp. 61-69 PY - 2009 SP - 291-295 ST - Early-season use of insecticides for management of woolly apple aphid (eriosoma lanigerum) in nelson apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Early-season use of insecticides for management of woolly apple aphid (eriosoma lanigerum) in nelson apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749090082&partnerID=40&md5=984fdbeb4d463f6d5aaa0c23921da23b VL - 62 ID - 401 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Strawberry leak is a postharvest disease of cold-stored strawberry fruit. Between October 2007 and March 2009, the effect of temperature on growth and pathogenicity was tested for 39 isolates of Rhizopus and Mucor spp., the causal agents of strawberry leak. All isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar at target temperatures of 2-7°C. Most isolates grew at the lower temperatures tested, but temperature fluctuations in the incubators were also detected. A selection of the most cold-tolerant Rhizopus spp. isolates was used in a growth experiment on potato dextrose agar, sliced and whole fruit stored at 3°C. Fungal growth was monitored daily by removing samples at intervals and exposing them to 20°C for 2 h, before returning them to 3°C. Little difference was detected in overall growth patterns between numbers of interruptions, indicating that coldstorage only needs to be interrupted once for the fungus to be activated. AU - Siefkes-Boer, H. J. AU - Boyd-Wilson, K. S. H. AU - Petley, M. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Kwon, J.-H., Kang, S.-W., Park, C.-S., Occurrence of Rhizopus soft rot on squash (Cucurbita moschata) caused by Rhizopus stolonifer in Korea (2000) The Plant Pathology Journal, 16, pp. 321-324; Maas, J.L., (1998) Compendium of Strawberry Diseases, 98p. , 2nd ed. APS Press, St Paul, USA; Ogawa, J.M., Zehr, E.I., Bird, G.W., Ritchie, D.F., Uriu, K., Uyemoto, J.K., (1995) Compendium of Stone Fruit Diseases, 98p. , APS Press, St Paul, USA; Sommer, N.F., Fortlage, R.J., Edwards, D.C., Postharvest diseases of selected commodities (2002) Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops, pp. 197-249. , Kader AA ed. University of California Agricultural & Natural Resources Publication 3311; Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Everett, K.R., Waipara, N.W., Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Weeds, P., Langford, G.I., Walter, M., Present status of strawberry fruit rot diseases in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 74-79; Walter, M., Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Langford, G.I., Waipara, N.W., Massey, B., Timudo-Torrevilla, O., Hawes, L., Emerging cold-tolerant strains of leak-causing fungi Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucor piriformis in strawberry (2007) North American Strawberry Growers Association Proceedings, pp. 52-54. , North American Strawberry Symposium PY - 2009 SP - 243-249 ST - Influence of cold-storage temperatures on strawberry leak caused by Rhizopus spp T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of cold-storage temperatures on strawberry leak caused by Rhizopus spp UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749120955&partnerID=40&md5=6b500077b1eb6a8a2e8a228e218321cf VL - 62 ID - 414 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc)) probably invaded New Zealand in the summer of 2005-06. The first authenticated records from May to June 2006 indicated mat it was widely distributed in the Auckland area with a further record from Taupo so that no attempt was made to eradicate it. By April 2009 records indicated that it had spread throughout much of New Zealand. Its spread within New Zealand is likely to be from a combination of natural and human mediated dispersal. The psyllid, and the liberibacter it transmits, will provide a serious challenge to the ongoing development of Integrated Pest Management in greenhouse crops (especially tomato and capsicum), outdoor tomatoes and potatoes. The economic impact of this insect and disease in the 4 years it has been in New Zealand has been in millions of dollars in terms of increased management costs, crop losses and loss of export markets. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Workman, P. J. AU - Thomas, K. L. AU - Nielsen, M. C. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/AEM.01268-08; Ivicevich, T., (2006) Another difficult year.Grower, 61 (8), p. 38. , (September); Liefting, L.W., Perez-Egusquiza, Z.C., Clover, G.R.G., Anderson, J.A.D., A new 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species in Solanum tuberosum (2008) New Zealand. Plant Disease, 92 (10), p. 1474; Liefting, L.W., Sutherland, P.W., Ward, L.I., Paice, K.L., Weir, B.S., Clover, G.R.G., A new 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species associated with diseases of solanaceous crops (2009) Plant Disease, 93 (3), pp. 208-214; Liefting, L.W., Weir, B.S., Pennycook, S.R., Clover, G.R.G., 'Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum', a liberibacter associated with plants in the family Solanaceae (2009) International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology., , In press; Martin, N.A., Host plants of the potato/tomato psyllid: A cautionary tale (2008) The Weta, 35 (1), pp. 12-16; (2008) Candidatus Liberibacter Species, , www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/surv-mgmt/resp/tom-cap-bacterium/ update-3july, MAF Update - 3 July 2008. (retrieved 22 May 2009); (2008) Candidatus Liberibacter Species, , www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/surv-mgmt/resp/tom-cap-bacterium/ update-11july, MAF Update - 11 July 2008. (retrieved 22 May 2009); (2008) Candidatus Liberibacter Species, , www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/surv-mgmt/resp/tom-cap-bacterium/ update-24july, MAF Update - 24 July 2008. (retrieved 22 May 2009); (2008) Candidatus Liberibacter Species, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/surv-mgmt/resp/tom-cap-bacterium/ update-30july, MAF Update - 30 July 2008. (retrieved 30 May 2009); (2008) Japan Market Now Open, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/surv-mgmt/resp/tom-cap-bacterium/ update-12aug, MAF Update - 12 August 2008. (retrieved 30 May 2009); (2008) MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Temporary Phytosanitory Compliance Programme for Export of Capsicum and Tomato to Australia., , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/regs/exports/plants/tomatoes/ tomatoes-capsicums-australia.pdf, MAF 20008-22009 (retrieved 30 May 2009); Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with "Zebra Chip," a new potato disease in southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3), pp. 656-663; Pletsch, D., The potato psyllid Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc), its biology and control (1947) Montana State College Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 446, p. 95; Richards, B.L., A new and destructive disease of the potato in Utah and its relation to potato psylla (1928) Phytopathology, 18 (1), pp. 140-141; Richards, B.L., Blood, H.L., Psyllid yellows of the potato (1933) Journal of Agricultural Research, 46 (3), pp. 189-216; Robertson, K., (2006) Tomato Product Group. Tomato Psyllid. Grower, 61 (6), p. 36. , (July); Robertson, K., (2006) Tomato Product Group. Potato/tomato Psyllid in New Zealand. Grower, 61 (9), p. 44. , (October); Robertson, K., (2006) Tomato Product Group. Integrated Management of Covered Crops. Grower, 61 (11), p. 42. , (December); Robertson, K., (2007) Tomato Product Group. Potato and Tomato Psyllid. Grower, 62 (4), p. 22. , (May); Robertson, K., (2008) Fresh Vegetable Product Group. Brassicas and Leafy Crops. Grower, 63 (3), p. 22. , (April); Robertson, K., (2008) Fresh Tomato Group. Industry Scan from Product Group Meeting 16 April. Grower, 63 (4), p. 20. , (May); Robertson, K., (2008) Fresh Tomato Group. New Plant Disease - Candidatus Liberibacter Species Found in Greenhouse Tomato and Capsicum Crops. Grower, 63 (6), p. 16. , (July); Robertson, K., (2008) Fresh Tomato Group. Tomato/potato Psyllid and Candidatus Liberibacter Bacterium. Grower, 63 (8), pp. 56-58. , (September); Robertson, K., (2008) Fresh Tomato Group. Tomato/potato Psyllid and Candidatus Liberibacter Bacterium Market Access to Australia. Grower, 63 (9), p. 19. , (October); Robertson, K., (2008) Fresh Tomato Group. Market Access to Australia. Grower, 63 (11), p. 26. , (December); Robertson, K., (2009) Fresh Vegetable Product Group. Market Situation. Grower, 64 (2), p. 12. , (March); Robertson, K., (2009) Fresh Tomato Group. Market Situation. Grower, 64 (2), p. 14. , (March); Secor, G.A., Rivera-Varas, V., Emerging diseases of cultivated potato and their impact on Latin America (2004) Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa, 1 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-8; Stufkens, M.A.W., Teulon, D.A.J., Nicol, D., Fletcher, J.D., Implications of aphid flight patterns for pest management of potatoes (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 78-82; Van Toor, R.F., Martin, N.M., Teulon, D.A.J., Potato/tomato psyllid in New Zealand: Immediate options for control with insecticides (2007) Crop & Food Research Confidential Report No. 1830, Crop & Food Research, p. 20. , Lincoln, New Zealand; Wallis, R., Potato psyllid selection of host plants (1951) Journal of Economic Entomology, 44 (5), pp. 815-817; Whiteman, S., (2006) Integrating Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Management in Greenhouse Vegetable Production., , www.maf.govt.nz/sff/about-projects/search/06-057/index.htm, MAF SFF Project 06/057. (retrieved 30 May 2009); Workman, P., Pedley, R., (2007) Search for Natural Control of Potato/tomato Psyllid. Grower, 62 (5), p. 28. , (June); Workman, P., Pedley, R., (2007) New Natural Enemies for Greenhouse Pests. Grower, 62 (9), pp. 54-55. , (October); Workman, P.J., Whiteman, S.A., Importing Tamarixia triozae into containment in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 412. , (Abstract only); Workman, P.J., Nielsen, M.-C., Teulon, D.A.J., Potato/tomato psyllid in New Zealand: Immediate options for biological control (2007) Crop & Food Research Confidential Report No. 1837, Crop & Food Research, p. 16. , Lincoln, New Zealand M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :69 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2009 SP - 136-144 ST - Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in new zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in new zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749148622&partnerID=40&md5=a43d2afa3fe71d9a036f8fa31f8719f3 VL - 62 ID - 428 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Yellow bristle grass (YBG), which is a summer-active annual grass, reduces pasture quality, and becomes unpalatable to stock as panicles mature. Farmers are concerned that an extreme drought, from November 2007 to March 2008, may have facilitated the spread of YBG and other summer-active annual grass weeds. Botanical composition was assessed on 12 Waikato dairy farms in February 2009 and YBG abundance was related to key management factors. These findings were compared with data collected from the same farms (February 2008) during the drought. Between years, ryegrass cover and the proportion of bare ground decreased. These components were replaced by two summer-active annual grasses, YBG and summer grass, and to a lesser extent summer-active perennial grasses, clovers and dicots. In 2009, YBG cover was negatively associated with summer-active perennial grass cover and pH, and positively associated with YBG cover in the previous summer and soil calcium levels. AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - James, T. K. AU - Cameron, C. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bray, A.G., Cahill, L., Pato, C.J., Bahnisch, L., Silcock, R., Can cattle spread giant rat's tail grass seed (Sporobolus pyramidalis) in their faeces? (1998) Proceedings of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference, pp. 575-578; Burton, J., Dowling, P., (2004) Pasture Management for Weed Control: A Grazier's Guide to Controlling Annual Weeds in Southern Australian Improved Pastures, 56p. , NSW Agriculture and the Co-operative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management, Orange, New South Wales, Australia; Colbach, N., Forcella, F., Johnson, G.A., Spatial and temporal stability of weed populations over five years (2000) Weed Science, 48 (3), pp. 366-377; Cousens, R., Mortimer, M., (1995) Dynamics of Weed Populations., 332p. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; Dekker, J., The foxtail (2003) (Setaria) Species-group. Weed Science, 51, pp. 641-656; Fava, E., Rossi, F., Speranzini, G., Nigrelli, A., Rossignoli, G., Gelmetti, D., Mariotti, M.G., Von Boberfeld, O., Enzootic ulcer in the back of the tongue in cattle after ingestion of hay containing panicles of yellow bristle-grass (2000) Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 107, pp. 351-354; Heijting, S., Van Der Werf, W., Kropff, M.J., Seed dispersal by forage harvester and rigid-tine cultivator in maize (2009) Weed Research, 49, pp. 153-163; James, T.K., Yellow bristle grass (2007) The Ute Guide., 29p. , The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, New Zealand; Masin, R., Zuin, M.C., Otto, S., Zanin, G., Seed longevity and dormancy of four summer annual grass weeds in turf (2006) Weed Research, 46 (5), pp. 362-370. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2006.00520.x; Menalled, F.D., Buhler, D.D., Liebman, M., Composted swine manure effects on germination and early growth of crop and weed species under greenhouse conditions (2005) Weed Technology, 19 (4), pp. 784-789. , DOI 10.1614/WT-04-224.1; Peeters, A., Wild and sown grasses (2004) Profiles of a temperate species selection: ecology, biodiversity and use, 311p. , Blackwell Publishing and Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy; Rosas, A., Rengel, Z., Mora, M.D.L.L., Manganese supply and pH influence growth, carboxylate exudation and peroxidase activity of ryegrass and white clover (2007) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30 (2), pp. 253-270. , DOI 10.1080/01904160601118034, PII 770968023; Thom, E.R., Sheath, G.W., Bryant, A.M., Cox, N.R., Renovation of pastures containing paspalum. 2. Effect of nitrogen fertiliser on the growth and persistence of overdrilled ryegrass (1986) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 29, pp. 587-598; Thom, E.R., Sheath, G.W., Bryant, A.M., Cox, N.R., Renovation of pastures containing paspalum. 3. Effect of defoliation management and irrigation on ryegrass growth and persistence (1986) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 29, pp. 599-611; Tozer, K.N., James, T.K., Cameron, C.A., Botanical and management factors associated with Setaria pumila abundance: Implications for pasture management (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 121-126; Waller, R.A., Sale, P.W.G., Persistence and productivity of perennial ryegrass in sheep pastures in south-western Victoria: A review (2001) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 42, pp. 117-144; Watson, R.N., Bell, N.L., Neville, F.J., Davis, L.T., Pest populations during the first six years in ryegrass pastures containing white or Caucasian clover (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 410-414; Weaver, S.E., Hamill, A.S., Effects of soil pH on competitive ability and leaf nutrient content of com (Zea mays L.) and three weed species (1985) Weed Science, 33, pp. 447-451 PY - 2009 SP - 211-216 ST - Changes in yellow bristle grass (setaria pumila) abundance after drought: Implications for pasture management T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Changes in yellow bristle grass (setaria pumila) abundance after drought: Implications for pasture management UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749085224&partnerID=40&md5=307e4394ea09165c063ff3e19c6316e9 VL - 62 ID - 430 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae is a complex group of bacteria, which comprises nine different genomospecies and over 50 pathovars. Strains of P. syringae have been isolated from some rivers and lakes in New Zealand. To determine whether these waterways act as reservoirs of plant pathogenic bacteria, 15 strains of P. syringae isolated from the Waikato River and Whakapapanui stream have been further characterised using several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols. Five of those 15 strains belong to genomospecies 1, which comprises P. syringae pv. syringae, but none belongs to genomospecies 2. The protocol for detection of P. syringae pv. papulans was modified and is now specific for this pathovar. The identity of a strain isolated from the Waikato River as being P. syringae pv. atrofaciens has yet to be confirmed. None of the 15 strains studied belongs to the pathovars papulans, actinidiae, tagetis, helianthii or theae. AU - Vanneste, J. L. AU - Cornish, D. A. AU - Yu, J. AU - Morris, C. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Gardan, L., Shafik, H., Belouin, S., Broch, R., Grimont, F., Grimont, P.A., DNA relatedness among the pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and description of Pseudomonas tremae sp. nov. and Pseudomonas cannabina sp. nov. (ex Sutic and Dowson 1959) (1999) International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 49, pp. 469-478; Gilbert, V., Legros, F., Maraite, H., Bultreys, A., Genetic analyses of Pseudomonas syringae isolates from Belgian fruit orchards reveal genetic variability and isolatehost relationship within the pathovar syringae, and help identify both races of the pathovar morsprunorum (2009) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 124, pp. 199-218; Inoue, Y., Takikawa, Y., The hrpZ and hrpA genes are variable, and useful for grouping Pseudomonas syringae bacteria (2006) Journal of General Plant Pathology, 72, pp. 26-33; Kerkoud, M., Manceau, C., Paulin, J.P., Rapid diagnosis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans, the causal agent of blister spot of apple, by polymerase chain reaction using specifically designed hrpL gene primers (2002) Phytopathology, 92 (10), pp. 1077-1083; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., De Raney, Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Koh, J.K., Nou, I.S., DNA markers for identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (2002) Molecules and Cells, 13, pp. 309-314; Koike, S.T., Henderson, D.M., Bull, C.T., Goldman, P.H., Lewellen, R.T., First report of bacterial leaf spot on Swiss chard caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata in California (2003) Plant Disease, 87, p. 1397; Kong, H., Patterson, C.D., Zhang, W., Takikawa, Y., Suzuki, A., Lydon, J., A PCR protocol for the identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis based on genes required for tagetitoxin production (2004) Biological Control, 30, pp. 83-89; Lindow, S.E., Mc Gourty, G., Elkins, R., Interactions of antibiotics with Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 in the control of fire blight and frost injury to pear (1996) Phytopathology, 86, pp. 841-848; Marques, A.S.B., Marchaison, A., Gardan, L., Samson, R., BOX-PCR-based identification of bacterial species belonging to Pseudomonas syringae - P. viridiflava group (2008) Genetics and Molecular Biology, 31, pp. 106-115; Mohan, S.K., Schaad, N.W., An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and P. s. pv. phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed (1987) Phytopathology, 77, pp. 1390-1395; Morris, C.E., Kinkel, L.L., Xiao, K., Prior, P., Sands, D.C., Surprising niche for the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (2007) Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 7, pp. 84-92; Morris, C.E., Sands, D.C., Vinatzer, B.A., Glaux, C., Guilbaud, C., Buffiere, A., Yan, S., Thompson, B.M., The life history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is linked to the water cycle (2008) The International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal, 1, pp. 1-14; Musa, A.R., Minardi, P., Mazzuchi, U., Identification and expression of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata hrpZpsa gene which encodes an harpin elicitor (2001) Anthonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 79, pp. 61-71; Palleroni, N.J., Family I. Pseudomonadacae (1984) Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology, 1, pp. 141-219. , In Krieg R, Holt JG ed. Williams & Wilkins, London, UK; Riffaud, C.M.-H., Morris, C.E., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata in irrigation water retention basins by immunofluorescence colony-staining (2002) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 108, pp. 539-545; Sarkar, S.F., Guttman, D.S., Evolution of the core genome of Pseudomonas syringae, a highly clonal, endemic plant pathogen (2004) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, pp. 1999-2012; Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Yu, J., Boyd, R.J., Morris, C.E., Isolation of copper and streptomycin resistant phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae from lakes and rivers in the Central North Island of New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 80-85; Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Yu, J., Voyle, M.D., P10c: A New Biological Control Agent for Control of Fire Blight which can be Sprayed or Distributed Using Honey Bees (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 590, pp. 231-236. , PROCEEDINGS OF THE IXth INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans in apple budwood (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 146-149 PY - 2009 SP - 256-261 ST - The application of polymerase chain reaction for characterising strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from New Zealand rivers T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The application of polymerase chain reaction for characterising strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from New Zealand rivers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749162810&partnerID=40&md5=7245f29579356a65dd78da3b9ad5fdb0 VL - 62 ID - 395 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The accuracy of host range testing in weed biocontrol programmes using plant pathogens has been questioned prompting a research programme into the field safety record of pathogens used for weed biocontrol in New Zealand. Nationwide disease surveys were conducted from 2000-2009, and focused on species closely related to target weeds and therefore potentially most at risk of attack. These surveys identified pathogens associated with any disease symptoms observed on non-target hosts. Disease damage attributable to biocontrol agents was observed on two non-target plants. Pustules of the blackberry rust, Phragmidium violaceum, were found on the endemic Rubus species, R. cissoides (bush lawyer, tataramoa) at one location. This result was predicted from host range safety tests conducted prior to its arrival in New Zealand. No non-target damage was observed in the remaining case studies, confirming to date that all biocontrol pathogens are highly host specific to their target weeds. AU - Waipara, N. W. AU - Barton, J. AU - Smith, L. A. AU - Harman, H. M. AU - Winks, C. J. AU - Massey, B. AU - Wilkie, J. P. AU - Gianotti, A. F. AU - Cripps, M. G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1094/PHP-2005-0923-01-BR; Paynter, Q.E., Fowler, S.V., Gourlay, A.H., Haines, M.L., Harman, H.M., Hona, S.R., Peterson, P.G., Withers, T.M., Safety in New Zealand weed biocontrol: A nationwide survey for impacts on non-target plants (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 102-107; Pennycook, S.R., (1989) Plant Diseases Recorded in New Zealand, 1-3. , Plant Diseases Division, DSIR, Auckland, New Zealand; Sheppard, A.W., Hill, R., Declerck-Floate, R.A., McClay, A., Olckers, T., Quimby Jr., P.C., Zimmermann, H.G., A global review of risk-benefit-cost analysis for the introduction of classical biological control agents against weeds: A crisis in the making? (2003) Biocontrol News and Information, 24, pp. 91-108; Simberloff, D., Stiling, P., How risky is biological control? (1996) Ecology, 77, pp. 1965-1974; Stanley, R., De Lange, P., Cameron, E.K., Auckland regional threatened and uncommon vascular plants list (2005) Auckland Botanical Society Journal, 60, pp. 152-158; Waipara, N.W., Winks, C.J., Paynter, Q.E., Riding, N., Day, M.D., Prospects for the biological control of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 50-55; Waipara, N.W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Harman, H.M., Winks, C.J., Park, D., First record of bridal creeper rust, puccinia myrsiphylli, a classical biocontrol agent of the environmental weed bridal creeper, asparagus asparagoides, in New Zealand (2006) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 1, pp. 23-24; Wapshere, A.J., A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control (1974) Annals of Applied Biology, 77, pp. 201-211 M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2009 SP - 41-49 ST - Safety in new zealand weed biocontrol: a nationwide pathogen survey for impacts on non-target plants T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Safety in new zealand weed biocontrol: a nationwide pathogen survey for impacts on non-target plants UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749166288&partnerID=40&md5=1baf12831769c1810cb3537e49bd0c5c VL - 62 ID - 384 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Lantana camara is an environmental weed in the northern North Island of New Zealand. It is an increasingly observed problem in forest margins, coastal scrublands, dunes, plantations and island habitats, and its rapid, uncontrolled growth can create dense impenetrable thickets, suppressing vegetation and bush regeneration. Biological control options are being considered for its management. A strain of the Brazilian rust Prospodium tuberculatum was released against lantana in Australia in 2001. This rust was screened against invasive forms of the weed that occur in New Zealand and was found to be pathogenic under glasshouse conditions. A survey found no evidence that the rust occurs in New Zealand. It is concluded that P. tuberculatum is potentially a suitable agent for the biocontrol of lantana in New Zealand and further research should be carried out prior to importation of the organism. AU - Waipara, N. W. AU - Winks, C. J. AU - Paynter, Q. AU - Riding, N. AU - Day, M. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barreto, R.W., Evans, H.C., Ellison, C.A., The mycobiota of the weed Lantana camara in Brazil, with particular reference to biological control (1995) Mycological Research, 99, pp. 769-782; Briese, D.T., Walker, A., A new perspective on the selection of test plants for evaluating the host-specificity of weed biological control agents: The case of Deuterocampta quadrijuga, a potential insect control agent of Heliotropium amplexicaule (2002) Biological Control, 25 (3), pp. 273-287. , DOI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00111-1, PII S1049964402001111; Broughton, S., Review and evaluation of Lantana biocontrol programs (2000) Biological Control, 17 (3), pp. 272-286. , DOI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0793; Day, M.D., Wiley, C.J., Playford, J., Zalucki, M.P., Lantana: Current management status and future prospects (2003) ACIAR Monograph Series 102, 128p. , Canberra; Ellison, C.A., Pereira, J.M., Thomas, S.E., Barreto, R.W., Evans, H.C., Studies on the rust prospodium tuberculatum, a new classical biological control agent released against the invasive alien weed lantana camara in Australia. I. Life-cycle and infection parameters (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 309-319; Harman, H.M., Waipara, N.W., Winks, C.J., Smith, L.A., Peterson, P.G., Wilkie, J.P., Natural enemies of bridal creeper, asparagus asparagoides, in New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 362-367; Pennycook, S.R., (1989) Plant Diseases Recorded in New Zealand, 1-3. , Plant Diseases Division, DSIR, Auckland, New Zealand; Roy, B., Popay, I., Champion, P., James, T., Rahman, A., (2004) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand, 314p. , Second Edition. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Lincoln, New Zealand; Thomas, S.E., Ellison, C.A., Tomley, B., Studies on the rust prospodium tuberculatum, a new classical biological control agent released against the invasive alien weed Lantana camara in Australia (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 321-328. , 2. Host range; Waipara, N.W., Winks, C.J., Smith, L.A., Wilkie, J.P., Natural enemies of Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica, in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 158-163; Wapshere, A.J., A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control (1974) Annals of Applied Biology, 77, pp. 201-211; Zalucki, M.P., Day, M.D., Playford, J., Will biological control of Lantana camara ever succeed? Patterns, processes and prospects (2007) Biological Control, 42, pp. 251-261 PY - 2009 SP - 50-55 ST - Prospects for the biological control of lantana camara (verbenaceae) in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Prospects for the biological control of lantana camara (verbenaceae) in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749150026&partnerID=40&md5=5258ed40d4dc3e30da00f400f880828d VL - 62 ID - 418 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The New Zealand horticultural sector has made substantial progress in pesticide risk reduction by implementing sustainability programmes. Apple and winegrape pesticide use was analysed to measure changes in human and aquatic eco-toxicity arising from these initiatives using the Hazardous Substances and New Organism 1996 Act (HSNO) classification system. In 1995 insecticide use on apples and winegrapes was 11.6 and 0.31 kg ai/ha respectively, while fungicide loadings were similar, about 30 kg ai/ha. Since then insecticide loading on apples has decreased by 80% with much lower potential human toxicity. Growers following Integrated Fruit Production guidelines reduced fungicide loadings by 45% but expansion of organic apple production increased the sector's total fungicide use. The wine sector has reduced their total agrichemical loading of insecticides by 72% and fungicides by 62%, mostly through lower use of sulphur fungicides. Both sectors have reduced their use of agrichemicals that are potentially toxic to aquatic ecosystems. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Park, N. M. AU - Clothier, B. E. AU - Manktelow, D. W. L. AU - Van Den Dussel, C. W. AU - Hodson, A. J. AU - Barley, M. J. AU - Hodson-Kersey, L. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: A guide to the hazardous substances and new organisms act (2006) Environmental Risk Management Authority, p. 53. , www.ermanz.govt.nz, Wellington, New Zealand. Available (accessed 15 April 2009); (2008) User Guide to the Thresholds and Classifications under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, , www.ermanz.govt.nz, v2.0. March 2008. Environmental Risk Management Authority, Wellington, New Zealand. Available (accessed 15 April 2009); Gurnsey, S., Manktelow, D.W.L., Manson, P., Walker, J.T.S., Clothier, B.E., Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand: Technical developments and achievements (2005) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, 28 (7), p. 444. , Cross J, Ioriatti C ed. Baselga di Pine, Italy, 26-30 September 2004. IOBC-WPRS Bulletin (Abstract only); Lo, P.L., Walker, J.T.S., Monitoring leafrollers (LepidopteraTortricidae) in vineyards (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 317-322; (2006) Pipfruit Industry Statistical Annual 2006, p. 40. , Pipfruit New Zealand Inc. Pipfruit New Zealand Inc, Hastings, New Zealand; Walker, J.T.S., Hodson, A.J., Wearing, C., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Tomkins, A.R., Burnip, G.M., Batchelor, T.A., Integrated fruit production for New Zealand: Evaluation of pest management in a pilot programme (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 258-263; Walker, J.T.S., Park, N.M., Hodson, A.J., Barley, M.J., Hodson-Kersey, L.R., Clothier, B.E., Van Den Dijssel, C.W., Manktelow, D.W.L., Agrichemical application issues for growers, communities and the environment (2007) Future Challenges in Crop Protection: Repositioning New Zealand's Primary Industries for the Future, pp. 87-97. , Butcher MR, Walker JTS, Zydeenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Hastings, New Zealand PY - 2009 SP - 321-327 ST - Progress in pesticide risk reduction in New Zealand horticulture T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Progress in pesticide risk reduction in New Zealand horticulture UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749132733&partnerID=40&md5=f00fa5c2305e8d0f0af04e48d3df256c VL - 62 ID - 392 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Brassica seed crops are grown throughout New Zealand and worldwide, and inter-crop and crop-weed contamination through gene flow is a major concern. For Brassica, large arthropods (body length > 3 mm), particularly honey bees, are the most important pollinators and are considered key vectors of pollen. Small arthropods (body length < 3 mm) are also abundant in Brassica crops but their role as pollinators is rarely assessed. Numerous small arthropods (particularly Diptera and Thysanoptera) were recorded within cages surrounding pak choi inflorescences that excluded large arthropods. Inflorescences inside these cages set seed, but seed set was significantly reduced compared with inflorescences in cages that were hand pollinated and uncaged inflorescences. Although the presence of large arthropods significantly increased seed set, the role of small arthropods and wind cannot be excluded in pak choi pollination. Further studies are required to fully determine the role of small arthropods in long distance pollen flow. AU - Walker, M. K. AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - McCallum, J. A. AU - Wallace, A. R. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bancroft, T.A., Han, C., A note on pooling variances (1983) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 78, pp. 981-983; Cresswell, J.E., Osborne, J.L., The effect of patch size and separation on bumblebee foraging in oilseed rape: Implications for gene flow (2004) Journal of Applied Ecology, 31 (3), pp. 539-546; Cresswell, J.E., Osborne, J.L., Bell, S.A., A model of pollinator-mediated gene flow between plant populations with numerical solutions for bumblebees pollinating oilseed rape (2002) Oikos, 98 (3), pp. 375-384; Cunningham, S.A., Fitzgibbon, F., Heard, T.A., The future of pollinators for Australian agriculture (2002) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 53, pp. 893-900; Free, J.B., (1993) Insect Pollination of Crops., pp. 167-189. , Academic Press, London; Funk, T., Wenzel, G., Schwarz, G., Outcrossing frequencies and distribution of transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in the nearest neighbourhood (2006) European Journal of Agronomy, 24 (1), pp. 26-34; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Donovan, B.J., Teulon, D.A.J., Window traps and direct observations record similar arthropod flower visitor assemblages in two mass flowering crops (2009) Journal of Applied Entomology, p. 133. , in press http//www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/122246487/ PDFSTART accessed 24 April 2009; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., McCallum, J.A., Teulon, D.A.J., Small flower-visiting arthropods in New Zealand pak choi fields (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 86-91; Korpela, S., The influence of honeybee pollination on turnip rape (Brassica campestris) yield and yield components (1988) Annales Agriculturae Fenniae, 27 (4), pp. 295-303; Lewis, T., Flight and dispersal (1997) Thrips As Crop Pests., pp. 175-196. , Lewis T ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Pathak, S.C., Kulshrestha, V., Choubey, A.K., Parulekar, A.H., Insect drift over the northern Arabian sea in early summer (1999) Journal of Biosciences, 24 (2), pp. 233-240; Pierre, J., The role of honeybees (Apis mellifera) and other insect pollinators in gene flow between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) (2001) Acta Horticulturae, 561, pp. 47-51; Pierre, J., Renard, M., Does short distance isolation reduce pollen dispersal by honey bees? (1999) Proceedings of the 10th International Rapeseed Congress, , http://www.regional.org.au/au/gcirc/4/387.htm, Canberra, Australia. retrieved 30 March 2009; Rubin-Reyes, M., Cervancia, C.R., Floral visitors and pollination of Chinese mustard, Brassica campestris L (1999) Philippine Journal of Science, 128, pp. 31-37; Shaw, M.W., Harwood, T.D., Wilkinson, M.J., Elliott, L., Assembling spatially explicit landscape models of pollen and spore dispersal by wind for risk assessment (2006) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273 (1594), pp. 1705-1713. , DOI 10.1098/rspb.2006.3491; Timmons, A.M., Charters, Y.M., Crawford, J.W., Burn, D., Scott, S.E., Dubbels, S.J., Wilson, N.J., Wilkinson, M.J., Risks from transgenic crops (1996) Nature, 380 (6574), p. 487; Timmons, A.M., O'Brien, E.T., Charters, Y.M., Dubbels, S.J., Wilkinson, M.J., Assessing the risks of wind pollination from field of genetically modified Brassica napus ssp. oleifera (1995) Euphytica, 85 (1), pp. 417-423; Veer, V., Thrips flavus (Schrank) as a pollinating agent (1978) Indian Journal of Forestry, 1, p. 278; Walklate, P.J., Hunt, J.C.R., Higson, H.L., Sweet, J.B., A model of pollen-mediated gene flow for oilseed rape (2004) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences, 271 (1538), pp. 441-449; Westerkampe, C., Gottsberger, G., Diversity pays in crop pollination (2000) Crop Science, 40, pp. 1209-1222; Wilkinson, M.J., Elliott, L.J., Allainguillaume, J., Shaw, M.W., Norris, C., Welters, R., Alexander, M., Mason, D.C., Hybridization between Brassica napus and B. rapa on a national scale in the United Kingdom (2003) Science, 302 (5644), pp. 457-459; Williams, I.H., The concentrations of air-borne rape pollen over a crop of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) (1984) Journal of Agricultural Science, 103, pp. 353-357; Williams, I.H., The pollination of swede rape (Brassica napus L.) (1985) Bee World, 66 (1), pp. 16-22 PY - 2009 SP - 92-98 ST - Small arthropods as pollinators in a new zealand pak choi field trial T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Small arthropods as pollinators in a new zealand pak choi field trial UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749118077&partnerID=40&md5=29d47b6970efc67220ce6eb5278d2947 VL - 62 ID - 397 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The buddleia leaf weevil, Cleopus japonicus, was released in New Zealand in 2006 as a biological control agent for the weed Buddleja davidii. A two-phase open-field design was used to confirm laboratory host range and examine non-target impacts in the field. This was the first field trial undertaken in New Zealand and included six non-target plant species. Feeding and dispersal of the agent on the test species and B. davidii were compared. Cleopus japonicus strongly preferred B. davidii. Larvae were recorded on Verbascum virgatum and Scrophularia auriculata during the choice stage of the trial. Killing the B. davidii plants in the second phase resulted in adults feeding on the two exotic species, V. virgatum and S. auriculata. Minor exploratory feeding was recorded on the natives Hebe speciosa and Myoporum laetum. These results confirm that laboratory tests conducted to assess the safety of this agent for release in New Zealand accurately predicted field host range. AU - Watson, M. C. AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Hill, R. L. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.02.012]; Blossey, B., Schroeder, D., Hight, S.D., Malecki, R.A., Host specificity and environmental impact of two leaf beetles (Galerucella calmariensis and G.pusilla) for biological control of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) (1994) Weed Science, 42 (1), pp. 134-140; Briese, D.E., Open field host-specificity tests: Is "natural" good enough for risk assessment? (1999) Host Specificity Testing in Australasia: Towards Improved Essays for Biological Control, pp. 44-59. , Withers TM, Barton Browne L, Stanley J ed. CRC for Tropical Pest Management, Brisbane, Australia; Briese, D.E., Zapater, M., Andorno, A., Perez-Camargo, G., A two-phase open-field test to evaluate the host-specificity of candidate biological control agents for Heliotropium amplexicaule (2002) Biological Control, 25, pp. 259-272; Clement, S.L., Cristofaro, M., Open-field tests in host-specificity determination of insects for biological control of weeds (1995) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 5 (4), pp. 395-406; Fowler, S.V., Gourlay, A.H., Hill, R.H., Withers, T., Safety in New Zealand weed biocontrol: A retrospective analysis of host specificity testing and the predictability of impacts on non-target plants (2003) Proceedings of the XI International Symposium of Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 265-270. , Cullen JM, Briese DT, Kriticos DJ, Lonsdale WM, Morin L, Scott JK ed. CSIRO, Canberra, Australia; Gresham, B.A., Watson, M.C., Withers, T.M., A laboratory rearing method for Cleopus japonicus (Wingelmüller) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a biological control agent for Buddleja davidii Franchet (Lamiales: Scrophulariaceae) in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Entomologist, 32, pp. 55-58; Kay, M.K., Hill, R.L., (2005) Release of A Leaf Weevil for Biological Control of Buddleia -Application for Approval to Import for Release or Release from Containment Any New Organism Including A Genetically Modified Organism but Excluding Conditional Release and Rapid Assessment, , http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/appfiles/execsumm/pdf/NOR02001-002.pdf, (accessed 6 April 2009); Kay, M.K., Gresham, B., Hill, R.L., Zhang, X., The disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae and the biological control of Buddleja davidii (2008) Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 287-291. , Julien MH, Sforza R, Bon MC, Evans HC, Hatcher PE, Hinz HL, Rector BG ed. CAB International Wallingford, UK; Kriticos, D.J., Watt, M.S., Withers, T.M., Leriche, A., Watson, M.C., A process-based population dynamics model to explore target and non-target impacts of a biological control agent (2009) Ecological Modelling, , in press [doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.039]; Sheppard, A.W., Heard, T.A., Van Klinken, R.D., Scientific advances in the analysis of direct risks of weed biological control agents to non-target species (2005) Biological Control, 35, pp. 215-226; Tank, D.C., Beardsley, P.M., Kelcher, S.A., Olmstead, R.G., Review of the systematics of Scrophulariaceae s.l. and their current disposition (2006) Australian Systematic Botany, 19, pp. 289-307 M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2009 SP - 184-190 ST - Two-phase open-field test to confirm host range of a biocontrol agent cleopus japonicus T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Two-phase open-field test to confirm host range of a biocontrol agent cleopus japonicus UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749156211&partnerID=40&md5=4b72b0e8f42de3c11e6e70d91eaced53 VL - 62 ID - 379 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rat-tailed maggots are the larvae of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae), of which there are about 40 species in New Zealand, many of them native. The adults are important pollinators and the larvae live in water and mud, feeding on rotting organic matter. High concentrations occur in dairy effluent bunkers and become health and sanitary issues when prepupal larvae seeking suitable pupation sites exit bunkers and invade nearby dairy sheds. Replicated small scale model bunkers were set up to test barrier methods that could prevent maggots entering sensitive areas and divert them to suitable pupation sites. Known numbers of migratory prepupal larvae were placed in the model bunkers and their movements recorded over a timed period. Both round piping and angular strips proved effective barriers, while soil, sand and sawdust were all equally attractive as a pupation medium. AU - Wilson, D. J. AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - De Villiers, J. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Fischer, O.A., Matlova, L., Dvorska, L., Svastova, P., Bartos, M., Weston, R.T., Kopecna, M., Pavlik, I., Potential risk of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis spread by syrphid flies in infected cattle farms (2005) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 19, pp. 360-366; Gilbert, F.S., (1986) Hoverflies, Naturalists' Handbooks, 5, 67p. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Ilse, D., Colour discrimination in the drone fly Eristalis tenax (1949) Nature, 163, pp. 255-256; Pfiester, M., Kaufman, P.E., (2009) Drone Fly, Rat-tailed Maggot Eristalis Tenax (Linnaeus), , http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN809, (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae). University of Florida IFAS Extension EENY-445 (retrieved 29 March 2009); Townsend, L., (2005) Manure Flies: Rat-tailed Maggots and Moth Flies, , http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef500.asp, ENTFACT 500, University of Kentucky, USA retrieved 8 April 2009 PY - 2009 SP - 99-102 ST - Preventing rat-tailed maggot incursion into dairy sheds T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Preventing rat-tailed maggot incursion into dairy sheds UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749133666&partnerID=40&md5=92fd8ab5aee8e6df474b927c34ac61b5 VL - 62 ID - 403 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Tasmanian lacewing, Micromus tasmaniae Walker, is an important predator of a number of economically important pests such as aphids. This study was to investigate the patterns of adult emergence, sexual maturation and mating of M. tasmaniae in the laboratory at 21±1°C, 60% RH and 16:8 h (light:dark). Results indicate that adult emergence peaked 3 h before the scotophase began. There was no significant difference in emergence patterns between males and females (P>0.05). The sexual maturation period of males and females was 47.8±2.5 h and 65.1±3.1 h after emergence, respectively, and this difference was significant (P<0.0001). Mating success significantly increased from the first to the eleventh hour after the photophase began. The importance of these results in understanding the lacewing's reproductive biology and the application of such information to improve biological control is discussed. AU - Yadav, A. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cameron, P.J., Allan, D.J., Walker, G.P., Wightman, J.A., Management experiments on aphids (Acrythosiphon spp.) and beneficial insects in lucerne (1983) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 11, pp. 343-347; Canard, M., Principi, M.M., Life histories and behaviour (1984) Biology of Chrysopidae, pp. 57-69. , Canard M, Semeria Y, New TR ed. Dr W Junk Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands; Canard, M., Volkovich, T.A., Outlines of lacewing development (2001) Lacewings in the Crop Environment, pp. 130-153. , McEwen PK, New TR, Whittington AE ed. Cambridge University Press, UK; Doyon, J., Boivin, G., Impact of the timing of male emergence on mating capacity of males in Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (2006) BioControl, 51, pp. 703-713; Duelli, P., Adaptive dispersal and appetitive flight in the green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea (1980) Ecological Entomology, 5, pp. 213-220; Giebultowicz, J.M., Molecular mechanism and cellular distribution of insect circadian clocks (2000) Annual Review of Entomology, 45, pp. 769-793; Harcourt, N.R., (1996) Evaluation of the Potential of the Tasmanian Brown Lacewing, , Micromus tasmaniae Walker (Neuroptera: Hemerobiddae) as a biocontrol agent of aphids on glasshouse capsicums. MSc thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Henry, C.S., The sexual behaviour of green lacewings (1984) Biology of Chrysopidae, pp. 101-110. , Canard M, Semeria Y, New TR ed. Dr W Junk Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands; Hilson, R.J.D., (1964) The Ecology of Micromus Tasmaniae Walker, , MSc thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Islam, S.S., Chapman, R.B., Effect of temperature on predation by Tasmanian lacewing larvae (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 244-247; Leathwick, D.M., Winterbourn, M.J., Arthropod predation on aphids in a lucerne crop (1984) New Zealand Entomologist, 8, pp. 75-80; Miller, G.L., Caver, R.D., Bionomics of Micromus posticus (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerbiidae) with descriptions of the immature stages (1987) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, pp. 776-789; New, T.R., The biology of Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae (Neuoptera), with reference to their usage as biocontrol agents: A review (1975) Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, 127, pp. 115-140. , London; Quiring, D.T., Diel activity pattern of a nocturnal moth, Zeiraphera canadensis, in nature (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 73, pp. 111-120; Rohitha, B.H., Penman, D.R., Flight of the bluegreen aphid, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji (Homoptera: Aphididae). III (1986) Comparison of Trapping Methods for A. Kondoi and Natural Enemies. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 13, pp. 215-220; Rousset, A., Reproductive physiology and fecundity (1984) Biology of Chrysopidae, pp. 116-129. , Canard M, Semeria Y, New TR ed. Dr W Junk Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands; Rumpf, S., Frampton, C., Chapman, B., Acute toxicity of insecticides to Micromus tasmaniae (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopideae): LC50 and LC90 estimates for various test durations (1997) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, pp. 34-40; Saunders, D.S., (1982) Insect Clocks, p. 409. , Pergamon Press, Oxford University Press, U.K; Winterson, S.L., Obligatory ontogenetic colour change correlated with sexual maturity in adult Chrysoperla congrua (Walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (1999) Australian Journal of Entomology, 38, pp. 120-123; Wise, K.A.J., A list of Neuroptera of New Zealand (1963) Pacific Insects, 5, pp. 53-58; Yadav, A., He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Effect of photoperiod on development and reproduction in Tasmanian lacewing Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 338-342 PY - 2009 SP - 179-183 ST - Patterns of adult emergence and mating in micromus tasmaniae (walker) (neuroptera: hemerobiidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Patterns of adult emergence and mating in micromus tasmaniae (walker) (neuroptera: hemerobiidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749127539&partnerID=40&md5=a51a9efa1263e65b5d03b2dd29a81336 VL - 62 ID - 423 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) larvae can damage or kill establishing cereal seedlings. Two entomopathogenic bacteria, applied as seed coatings, were investigated as a means of protecting emerging wheat seedlings. Seeds coated with Serratia entomophila or Yersinia sp. nov. were planted outdoors in pots containing grass grub larvae at rates equivalent to 70 and 140 larvae/m 2. Seedling establishment was significantly increased in both bacterial treatments compared to untreated controls, with 5. entomophila-coated seed having the higher establishment rate, 94% at both larval densities, although this was not significantly different from the Yersinia sp. nov. treatment at the highest larval density. When included in a comparison of chemical seed dressing treatments for grass grub, a S. entomophila-coated seed treatment was as efficacious as standard insecticide treatments, indicating there is good potential to develop this bacterium as an alternative to chemical pesticides for use in cereal crops. AU - Young, S. D. AU - Townsend, R. J. AU - O'Callaghan, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Burnett, P.A., New Zealand pest and beneficial insects (1984) Cereal Crop Pests, pp. 153-167. , Scott RR ed. Lincoln University College of Agriculture, Canterbury, New Zealand; Chapman, R.B., New Zealand pest and beneficial insects (1984) Pasture Pests, pp. 129-142. , Scott RR ed. Lincoln University College of Agriculture, Canterbury, New Zealand; Hurst, M.R.H., Glare, T.R., (2006) Novel Bacteria and Uses Thereof, , Patent no. PCT/ NZ2007/000146. Australia; Jackson, T.A., Huger, A.M., Glare, T.R., Pathology of amber disease in the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1993) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 61, pp. 123-130; Johnson, V.W., Pearson, J.F., (2001) A Thermo-stable Bio-matrix and Method of Preparation., , Patent no. 506484. New Zealand; Johnson, V.W., Pearson, J.F., Jackson, T.A., Formulation of Serratia entomophila for biological control of grass grub (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 125-127; Miller, J.H., (1972) Experiments in Molecular Genetics, p. 466. , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA; O'Callaghan, M., Jackson, T.A., Isolation and enumeration of serratia entomophila - a bacterial pathogen of the New Zealand grass grub, costelytra zealandica (1993) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 75 (4), pp. 307-314; O'Callaghan, M., Swaminathan, J., Lottmann, J., Wright, D.A., Jackson, T.A., (2006) Seed Coating with Biocontrol Strain Pseudomonasfluorescens F113, 59, pp. 80-85. , New Zealand Plant Protection; Sadler, T.J., Jackson, T.A., Moorhouse, A.M., Use of bacterial seed coatings for protection of grass seedlings from grass grub attack (1992) Proceedings of the XIX International Congress of Entomology, p. 336. , Beijing, China; Wright, D.A., Swaminathan, J., Blaser, M., Jackson, T.A., Carrot seed coating with bacteria for seedling protection from grass grub damage (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 229-233 PY - 2009 SP - 1-6 ST - Bacterial entomopathogens improve cereal establishment in the presence of grass grub larvae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Bacterial entomopathogens improve cereal establishment in the presence of grass grub larvae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749088932&partnerID=40&md5=5a0a0e896c8f374fa769f516ae17662b VL - 62 ID - 438 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Viability and germination of conidia of three Botryosphaeriaceae species, which are important grapevine pathogens, were significantly affected by exposure to different levels of sunlight and relative humidity (RH). After 7 h exposure to non-filtered sunlight (+UV), filtered sunlight (-UV) and shade, germination differed between light levels, being 35, 57 and 81%, respectively, and after 70 h exposure it was 0, 21 and 65%, respectively. Non-germinated conidia were unable to germinate when placed in a moist environment, indicating that they had been killed. High RH favoured germination since 91 and 70%, respectively, germinated after 3 h in 100 and 97% RH. However, in 93% RH, only 44% germinated by 24 h and in 84% RH no conidia germinated. The inhibition of germination was temporary since replacement in a moist environment caused conidia to germinate. Light and RH effects were similar for the three species. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Production of Botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 301-305; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Rainwater dispersal of Botryosphaeria conidia from infected grapevines (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 228-233; Arabi, M.I.E., Al-Shehadah, E., Jawhar, M., Viability of pyrenophora graminea cultures after sunlight exposure under field conditions (2009) Journal of Plant Pathology, 91 (2), pp. 299-302; Arauz, L.F., Sutton, T.B., Influence of temperature and moisture on germination of ascospores and conidia of Botryosphaeria obtusa (1989) Phytopathology, 79, pp. 667-674; Aylor, D.E., Sanogo, S., Germinability of Venturia inaequalis conidia exposed to sunlight (1997) Phytopathology, 87, pp. 628-633; Greenspan, L., Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions (1977) Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards A. Physics and Chemistry, 18 A (1), p. 98. , Abstract; Lazzizera, C., Frisullo, S., Alves, A., Phillips, A.J.L., Morphology, phylogeny and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria and Neofusicoccum species associated with drupe rot of olives in southern Italy (2008) Plant Pathology, 57, pp. 948-956; Liu, Q., Xiao, C.L., Influence of nutrient and environmentalfactorsonconidialgermination of Potebniamyces pyri (2005) Phytopathology, 95, pp. 572-580; Maddison, A.C., Manners, J.G., Sunlight and viability of cereal rust uredospores (1972) Transactions British Mycological Society, 59 (3), pp. 429-443; Parnell, M., Burt, P.J.A., Wilson, K., The influence of exposure to ultraviolet radiation in simulated sunlight on ascospores causing Black Sigatoka disease of banana and plantain (1998) International Journal of Biometeorology, 42 (1), pp. 22-27; Rotem, J., Wooding, B., Aylor, D.E., The role of solar radiation, especially ultraviolet, in the mortality of fungal spores (1985) Phytopathology, 75, pp. 510-514; Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J., Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants: Diversity, ecology and impact (2007) Fungal Biology Reviews, 21 (2-3), pp. 90-106. , DOI 10.1016/j.fbr.2007.06.002, PII S1749461307000309, Fungal Endophytes PY - 2010 SP - 28-32 ST - Effects of solar radiation and relative humidity on germination of Botryosphaeriaceae species conidia T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effects of solar radiation and relative humidity on germination of Botryosphaeriaceae species conidia UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955831677&partnerID=40&md5=b52c461f7ee5ded85c157229ba383863 VL - 63 ID - 333 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The challenge faced by New Zealand's fruit, vegetable and arable sectors is to reduce the negative impacts of fungicides on market access, environmental sustainability and consumer confidence, while at the same time achieving adequate disease control for export market and international regulatory requirements. Controlling diseases in a humid climate with ever increasing restrictions on agrichemicals and few effective alternatives to fungicides requires re-design of disease management systems. Research into re-design includes improved resistance of crop cultivars, improved understanding of microbial interactions between fungicides, biological controls and non-target microbes and completely novel methods based on molecular genetics. Disease forecasting systems can improve the efficiency of fungicide use. The success of new approaches must measured by a reduction in fungicide loading. Success depends on the linking of new research to effective technology transfer that will give crop-based industries courage to try new methods and the confidence to know they are not risking their economic viability. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beever, R.E., Plummer, K.M., Wurms, K.V., Novel approaches to controlling fruit pathogens (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 68-73; Beresford, R.M., Spink, M., A national disease forecasting system for apple black spot (Venturia inaequalis) in New Zealand (1992) Acta Horticulturae, 313, pp. 285-296; Bus, V., White, A., Gardiner, S., Weskett, R., Ranatunga, C., Samy, A., Cook, M., Rikkerink, E., An update on apple scab resistance breeding in New Zealand (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 595, pp. 43-47. , Proceedings International Symposium on Apple Breeding for Scab Resistance. Bergamini A, Janick J, White A, Zeppa A, Giongo L ed; Blakeman, J.P., Fokkema, N.J., Potential for biological control of plant diseases on the phylloplane (1982) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 20, pp. 167-190; Brent, K.J., Holloman, D.W., Fungicide resistance in crop pathogens: How can it be managed? Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (2007) FRAC Monograph, (1), p. 56. , (second, revised edition); Campbell, H.R., Rosin, C.J., Global retailer politics and the quality shift in New Zealand horticulture (2007) Future Challenges in Crop Protection: Repositioning New Zealand's Primary Industries for the Future, pp. 11-25. , Butcher MR, Walker JTS, Zydenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Hastings, New Zealand; Chynoweth, R.W., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., Wright, P.J., Use of disease forecasting models for control of onion downy mildew in New Zealand (2003) Advances in Downy Mildew Research, 2, pp. 91-97. , Spencer-Philips P, Jeger M ed. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; De Haan, J., Sukkel, W., Stilma, E., Technology versus agro-ecology in designing vegetable productionsystemsintheNetherlands (2010) Acta Horticulturae, 852, pp. 123-129. , Larsen RU ed. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Ecologically Sound Fertilization Strategies for Field Vegetable Production; El-Ghaouth, A., Biologically-based alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases (1997) Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19 (3), pp. 160-162. , DOI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900428; Elmer, P.A.G., Hoyte, S.M., Vanneste, J.L., Reglinski, T., Wood, P.N., Parry, F.J., Biological control of fruit pathogens (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 47-54; Elmer, P.A.G., Reglinski, T., Biosuppression of Botrytis cinerea in grapes (2006) Plant Pathology, 55, pp. 155-177; Everett, K.R., Vanneste, J.L., Hallett, I.C., Walter, M., Ecological alternatives for disease management of fruit rot pathogens (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 55-61; Everett, K.R., Rees-George, J., Reclassification of an isolate of Guignardia citricarpa from New Zealand as Guignardia mangiferae by sequence analysis (2006) Plant Pathology, 55, pp. 194-199; Everett, K.E., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Hill, G.N., Dawson, T.E., Field testing alternatives to copper for controlling avocado fruit rots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 65-69; Gullino, M.L., Kuijpers, L.A.M., Social and political implications of managing plant diseases with restricted fungicides in Europe (1994) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 32, pp. 559-581; Jacometti, Ma., Wratten, S.D., Walter, M., Review: Alternatives to synthetic fungicides for Botrytis cinerea management in vineyards (2010) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16, pp. 154-172; Kempthorne, R.G., Future challenges in horticulture (2007) Future Challenges in Crop Protection: Repositioning New Zealand's Primary Industries for the Future., pp. 37-39. , Butcher MR, Walker JTS, Zydenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Hastings, New Zealand; Knight, S.C., Anthony, V.M., Brady, A.M., Greenland, A.J., Heaney, S.P., Murray, D.C., Powell, K.A., Youle, D., Rationale and perspectives on the development of fungicides (1997) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 35, pp. 349-372; Laurenson, M.R., Beresford, R.M., Decision support software as a medium for technology transfer in plant protection (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 85-89; Manktelow, D., Stevens, P., Walker, J., Gurnsey, S., Park, N., Zabkiewicz, J., Teulon, D., Rahman, A., (2005) Trends in Pesticide Use in New Zealand: 2004, 9, pp. 49-50. , Report to the Ministry for the Environment, Project SMF4193. HortResearch Client Report No. 17962, HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. November 2005. Appendix; (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention and Management Strategies 2005, p. 166. , Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington, KC ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Hastings, New Zealand; Metcalf, R.L., An increasing public concern (1993) The Pesticide Question, Environment, Economics, and Ethics., pp. 426-430. , Pimentel D, Lehman H ed. Chapman & Hall, New York; Mills, W.D., LaPlante, A.A., Apple scab (1954) Disease and Insects in the Orchard. Cornell Extension Bulletin, 711, pp. 20-28; Mundy, D.C., Beresford, R.M., Susceptibility of grapes to Botrytis cinerea in relation to berry nitrogen and sugar concentration (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 123-127; Russell, P.E., A century of fungicide evolution (2005) Journal of Agricultural Science, 143, pp. 11-25; Van Bruggen, H.C., Plant disease severity in highinput compared to reduced-input and organic farming systems (1995) Plant Disease, 79, pp. 976-984; Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Marroni, M.V., Butler, R.C., Benefits from plant resistance in reducing reliance on fungicides in cereal disease management (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 145-150; Walter, M., Obanor, F.O., Smith, J.T., Ford, C., Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Harris-Virgin, P., Langford, G.I., Timing of fungicide application for Botrytis cinerea control in blackcurrant (ribes nigrum) (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 114-122; Whiteman, S.A., Beresford, R.M., Evaluation of onion downy mildew disease risk in New Zealand using meteorological forecasting criteria (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 117-122; Wright, P.J., Chynoweth, R.W., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., Comparisons of strategies for timing protective and curative fungicides for control of onion downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) in New Zealand (2002) Proceedings of the British Crop Protection Conference, 2002, pp. 207-212; Zitter, T.A., Effect of citizen chemophobia on plant pathology (1984) Plant Disease, 68, p. 655 PY - 2010 SP - 138-144 ST - Towards reduced reliance on fungicides for disease control in New Zealand's crop-based industries T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Towards reduced reliance on fungicides for disease control in New Zealand's crop-based industries UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955793008&partnerID=40&md5=971cd39805573fbb1b4aa571ca8164aa VL - 63 ID - 367 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rhizoctonia solani is an important soilborne pathogen of potato, causing black scurf on tubers and shoot/stolon canker on young plants. These diseases reduce the quality of fresh and seed potatoes and may harm crop establishment. A pathogenicity test has been developed for the study of biological suppression of diseases caused by R. solani. Disease expression from two R. solani isolates was assessed in potato plants grown from tissuecultured plantlets or from minitubers. The isolates were cultured in two media, bran+water or barley grain+V8 juice®which were compared as inoculants of potting mix at several standardised rates. The proportions of diseased stolons and necrotic shoots were determined after 7 weeks growth in a greenhouse. Significantly different levels of disease incidence were found between the isolates, between inoculum concentrations for one isolate, and (only with minitubers) between inoculum media. Rates of inoculum that produced disease levels suitable for use in biocontrol assays were determined. AU - Bienkowski, D. AU - Stewart, A. AU - Falloon, R. E. AU - Braithwaite, M. AU - Loguercio, L. L. AU - Hicks, E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Banville, G.J., Carling, D.E., Otrysko, B.E., Rhizoctonia disease on potato (1996) Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control, pp. 321-330. , Sneh B, Jabaji-Hare S, Neate S, Dijst G ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; Bonanomi, G., Antignani, V., Pane, C., Scala, F., Suppression of soilborne fungal diseases with organic amendments (2007) Journal of Plant Pathology, 89 (3), pp. 311-324; Doornik, A.W., Some factors affecting the parasitic and saprophytic activity of Rhizoctonia solani (1980) ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 109, pp. 387-394; Hogan, D.A., Talking to themselves: Autoregulation and quorum sensing in fungi (2006) Eukaryotic Cell, 5 (4), pp. 613-619; Sneh, B., Yamoah, E., Stewart, A., Hypovirulent Rhizoctonia spp. isolates from New Zealand soils protect radish seedlings against dampingoff caused by R. solani (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 54-58; Tsror, L., Peretz-Alon, I., The influence of the inoculum source of Rhizoctonia solani on development of black scurf on potato (2005) Journal of Phytopathology, 153 (4), pp. 240-244; Weinhold, A.R., Dodman, R.L., Bowman, T., Influence of exogenous nutrition on virulence of Rhizoctonia solani (1972) Phytopathology, 62 (2), pp. 278-281 PY - 2010 SP - 133-137 ST - A disease assay for Rhizoctonia solani on potato (Solanum tuberosum) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A disease assay for Rhizoctonia solani on potato (Solanum tuberosum) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955792332&partnerID=40&md5=dc6091d6879ef2dea9436544df7d2e29 VL - 63 ID - 353 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) infected with Neotyphodium uncinatum endophyte was used to investigate the response of red-headed pasture cockchafer (Adoryphorus coulonii) and black beetle (Heteronychus arator) larvae to loline alkaloids. Root material of meadow fescue genotypes varying in loline alkaloid concentration were fed to individual larvae in a no-choice bioassay. Total root loline concentrations ranged from 500 to 3000 μg/g DM. Growth of second instar cockchafer larvae was significantly reduced under treatments with highest loline concentrations (P<0.05). Genotypes containing loline concentrations greater than 1000 μg/g DM reduced root consumption of the cockchafer by 11-21% (P<0.01). AU - Bryant, R. H. AU - Cameron, N. E. AU - Edwards, G. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ball, O.J.P., Christensen, M.J., Prestige, R.A., Effect of isolates of Acremoniun endophyte on adult black beetle (Heteronychus arator) feeding (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 227-231; Ball, O.J.P., Barker, G.M., Prestige, R.A., Lauren, D.R., Distribution and accumulation of the alkaloid peramine in Neotyphodium lolii-infected perennial ryegrass (1997) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23 (5), pp. 1419-1434; Ball, O.J.P., Barker, G.M., Prestige, R.A., Sprosen, J.M., Distribution and accumulation of the mycotoxin Lolitrem B in Neotyphodium loliiinfected perennial ryegrass (1997) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23 (5), pp. 1435-1449; Candy, S.G., McQuillan, P.B., A weight-based phenology model for immature stages of the red-headed cockchafer, Adoryphorus coulonii (Burmeister) (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), a pest of pastures in south-eastern Australia (1998) Australian Journal of Entomology, 37, pp. 137-148; Jensen, J.G., Popay, A.J., Perennial ryegrass infected with AR37 endophyte reduces survival of porina larvae (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 323-328; Jensen, J.G., Popay, A.J., Tapper, B.A., Argentine stem weevil adults are affected by meadow fescue endophyte and its loline alkaloids (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 12-18; Justus, M., Witte, L., Hartmann, T., Levels and distribution of loline alkaloids in endophyteinfected Festuca pratensis (1997) Phytochemistry, 44 (1), pp. 51-57; Kennedy, C.W., Bush, L.P., Effect of environment and management factors on the accumulation of N-acetyl and N-formyl loline alkaloids in tall fescue (1983) Crop Science, 23, pp. 547-552; McQuillan, P.B., Webb, W.R., Selective sou organic matter consumption by larvae of Adoryhorus couloni (Burmeister) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1994) Journal of the Australian Entomology Society, 33, pp. 49-50; Patchett, B.J., Chapman, R.B., Fletcher, L.R., Gooneratne, S.R., Root loline concentration in endophyteinfected meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) is increased by grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) attack (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 210-214; Patterson, C.G., Potter, D.A., Fannin, F.F., Feeding strategy of alkaloids from endophyte-infected grasses to Japanese beetle grubs (1991) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 61, pp. 285-289; Pavri, S., Young, C.J., Grass pastures and turf (2007) Pests of Field Crops and Pastures Identification and Control, pp. 401-402. , Bailey PT ed. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia; Popay, A.J., Wyatt, R.T., Resistance to Argentine stem weevil in perennial ryegrass infected with endophytes producing different alkaloids (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 229-236; Popay, A.J., Lane, G.A., The effect of crude extracts containing loline alkaloids on two New Zealand insect pests (2000) 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium., pp. 471-475. , Paul VH, Dapprich PD ed; Popay, A.J., Baltus, J.G., Black beetle damage to perennial ryegrass infected with AR1 endophyte (2001) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 63, pp. 267-271; Popay, A.J., Townsend, R.J., Fletcher, L.R., The effect of endophyte (Neotyphodium uncinatum) in meadow fescue on grass grub larvae (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 123-128; Potter, D.A., Patterson, C.G., Redmond, C.T., Influence of turfgrass species and tall fescue endophyte on feeding ecology of Japanese beetle and southern masked chafer grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1992) Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, pp. 900-909; Tong, D.W., Wang, J.Y., Patchett, B.J., Gooneratne, S.R., Seasonal change of loline alkaloids in endophyte-infected meadow fescue (2006) Agricultural Sciences in China, 5 (10), pp. 793-797; Watson, B.M., The effect of endophyte in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue on red and blackheaded cockchafers (2007) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses, pp. 347-352. , Popay AJ, Thom ER ed PY - 2010 SP - 219-223 ST - Response of black beetle and red-headed pasture cockchafer larvae to loline alkaloids in meadow fescue roots T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Response of black beetle and red-headed pasture cockchafer larvae to loline alkaloids in meadow fescue roots UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955812513&partnerID=40&md5=7abdaac19562bb8a0d8985fbb6fe1464 VL - 63 ID - 355 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There have been numerous changes in botanical names of New Zealand weeds and their assignment to plant families since the publication of the relevant Flora of New Zealand volumes. This paper outlines the reasons behind the changes in nomenclature, including the recent use of DNA sequencing to classify plants by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Currently accepted name changes and new assignment of families for weeds in New Zealand are listed. AU - Champion, P. D. AU - James, T. K. AU - Dawson, M. I. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants (2009) Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society, 161, pp. 105-121. , APG III APG III; Cockayne, L., New combinations in the genus Hebe (1929) Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 60, pp. 465-472; Edgar, E., Connor, H.E., (2000) Flora of New Zealand Volume V, p. 650. , Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand; Garnock-Jones, P., Albach, D., Briggs, B.G., Botanical names in Southern Hemisphere Veronica (Plantaginaceae) sect. Detzneria, sect. Hebe and sect. Labiatoides (2007) Taxon, 56, pp. 571-582; Glenny, D., Dawson, M.I., The second Linnaean revolution: DNA sequencing and its impact on traditional taxonomy (2008) New Zealand Garden Journal, 11, pp. 10-12; Healy, A.J., Edgar, E., Flora of New Zealand (1980) Volume III: Adventive Cyperaceous, Petalous & Spathaceous Monocotyledons, p. 220. , Botany Division, DSIR, Wellington, New Zealand; Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A., Seberg, O., (2007) Flowering Plant Families of the World, p. 424. , Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom; Vienna code (2006) Regnum Vegetabile 146, , http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. accessed May 2010; (2010) The International Plant Names Index, , http://www.ipni.org, International Plant Names Index (IPNI) accessed May 2010; Landcare Research Ngā Tipu o Aotearoa (2010) New Zealand Plants Databases, , http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz/, Landcare Research accessed May 2010; Linnaeus, C., (1753) Species Plantarum, , Stockholm, Sweden; Mabberley, D.J., (2008) Mabberley's Plant Book, p. 1022. , third edition. Cambridge University Press; Popay, A.I., Champion, P.D., James, T.K., (2010) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand, p. 416. , Third Edition Caxton Press, Christchurch, New Zealand; Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R., Garnock-Jones, P.J., (1988) Flora of New Zealand Volume IV, p. 1350. , Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2010 SP - 72-77 ST - New names for New Zealand weeds T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - New names for New Zealand weeds UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955783956&partnerID=40&md5=48cb2887f382c1248ada3a1f77b7e229 VL - 63 ID - 371 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The potential of 62 Trichoderma spp. isolates to enhance root development on cuttings was evaluated in a screening bioassay using the ornamental plant impatiens (Impatiens walleriana). Increased root development and consequent growth of cuttings induced by Trichoderma treatments were compared to that of a commercial rooting hormone (indole-3 butryic acid) and untreated cuttings. Results recorded after 3 weeks growth indicated sufficient resolution in the bioassay to detect statistical growth differences between treatments. As expected, treatment with IBA (positive control) enhanced root growth in root score, root dry weight, and root to shoot ratio parameters assessed across all three screening experiments. Six individual Trichoderma isolates and a commercial mixture of isolates were also identified as significantly improving root growth, with 20-65% increases in the measured growth variables relative to untreated cuttings. The bioassay provided an ideal system for measuring rooting response, and allowed accelerated screening of Trichoderma candidates useful for enhancing root development of cuttings. AU - Clouston, A. M. AU - Hill, R. A. AU - Minchin, R. AU - Braithwaite, M. AU - Stewart, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aalders, L.T., Minchin, R., Hill, R.A., Braithwaite, M., Bell, N.L., Stewart, A., Development of a tomato/root knot nematode bioassay to screen beneficial microbes (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 28-33; Adams, P., De Leij, F.A., Lynch, J.M., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22 mediates growth promotion of crack willow (Salix fragilis) saplings inboth clean and metal-contaminated soil (2007) Microbial Ecology, 54, pp. 306-313; Cameron, R.J., Thomson, G., The vegetative propagation of Pinus radiata: Root initiation in cuttings (1969) Botanical Gazette, 130 (4), p. 242; Chaur-Tsuen, L., Chien-Yih, L., Screening strains of Trichoderma spp. for plant growth enhancement in Taiwan (2002) Plant Pathology Bulletin, 11, pp. 215-220; Conover, C.A., Joiner, J.N., Rooting response of Pittosporum tobira variegatum as affected by 3-indolbutyric acid, rooting media and age of wood (1963) Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series, , Florida Sate Horticultural Society; Contreras-Cornejo, H.A., Macias-Rodriguez, L., Cortes-Penagos, C., Lopez-Bucio, J., Trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxindependant mechanism in Arabidopsis (2009) Plant Physiology, 149, pp. 1579-1592; Davis, A.S., Jacobs, D.F., Quantifying root system quality of nursery seedlings and relationship to outplanting performance (2005) New Forests, 30, pp. 295-311; Hill, R.A., Ambrose, A., Sajali, N.A., Yatim, M., Valdez, R.B., Adbayani, F., Bungang, J., Stewart, A., Bioprotection of Acacia mangium using Trichoderma in Malaysia (2010) Proceedings of An International Symposium Held 10 August 2009, pp. 51-56. , Zydenbos SM, Jackson TA ed. Microbial Products: Exploiting Microbial Diversity for Sustainable Plant Protection Dunedin, New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Lincoln, New Zealand; Hoyos-Carvajal, L., Orduz, S., Bisset, J., Growth stimulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Trichoderma (2009) Biological Control, 51, pp. 409-416; Hussein, M.M., Studies on the rooting and the consequent plant growth on the stem cuttings of Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb. ex Rottl.) Roxb. 2-Effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (2008) World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4 (S), pp. 811-817; Menzies, M.I., Holden, D.G., Klomp, B.K., Recent trends in nursery practice in New Zealand (2001) New Forests, 22 (1-2), pp. 3-17. , DOI 10.1023/A:1012027013173; Ousley, Ma., Lynch, J.M., Whipps, J.M., Potential of Trichoderma spp. as consistent plant growth stimulators (1994) Biology and Fertility of Soils, 17, pp. 85-90; Reglinski, T., Dick, M., Biocontrol of forest nursery pathogens (2005) New Zealand Journal of Forestry(Nov), pp. 19-26 PY - 2010 SP - 33-38 ST - A bioassay screening Trichoderma isolates for enhancement of root development in Impatiens walleriana cuttings T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A bioassay screening Trichoderma isolates for enhancement of root development in Impatiens walleriana cuttings UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955798777&partnerID=40&md5=2c7d8d5540223fb868e26b98810aebbf VL - 63 ID - 354 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Aspects of seed biology of ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) and soft brome (B. hordeaceus) were studied in relation to land management practices. Among the practices tested, burning stubble had a detrimental effect on seed survival. The majority of seeds close to the soil surface were charred or non-viable following a stubble fire. Overall, higher brome infestation was measured in no-tillage compared to minimum tillage or burning treatments. More than 80% of the seeds of both species emerged in the field within the first couple of months after planting, and full germination was achieved by spring. Seed burial at depths from 1 to 20 cm did not significantly affect germination but seedling establishment and vigour was reduced with seed depth. Implications of these results in management of brome grasses are discussed. AU - Dastgheib, F. AU - Poole, N. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Blackshaw, R.E., Hamman, W.M., Control of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) with MON 37500 (1998) Weed Technology, 12 (3), pp. 421-425; Cheam, A.H., Patterns of change in seed dormancy and persistence of Bromus diandrus Roth, (great brome) in the field (1986) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 37 (5), pp. 471-481; Cheam, A.H., Longevity of Bromus diandrus Roth, seed in soil at three sites in Western Australia (1987) Plant Protection Quarterly, 2 (3), pp. 137-139; Dastgheib, F., Rolston, M.P., Archie, W.J., Chemical control of brome grasses (Bromus spp.) in cereals (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 227-232; Floyd, A.G., Effect of fire upon weed seeds in the wet sclerophyl forests of northern New South Wales (1966) Australian Journal of Botany, 14, pp. 243-256; Froud-Williams, R.J., Germination behaviour of Bromus species and Aloperculus myosuroides (1981) Association of Applied Biologists Conference: Grass Weeds in Cereals in the United Kingdom, pp. 31-40; Gill, G.S., Blacklow, W.M., Variations in seed dormancy and rates of development of great brome, Bromus diandrus Roth., as adaptations to the climates of southern Australia and implications for weed control (1985) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 36 (2), pp. 295-304; Harradine, A.R., Seed longevity and seedling establishment of Bromus diandrus Roth (1986) Weed Research, 26, pp. 173-180; Hilton, J.R., An unusual effect of the farred absorbing form of phytochrome: Photoinhibition of seed germination in Bromus sterilis L (1982) Planta, 155 (6), pp. 524-528; Hilton, J.R., Photoregulation of germination in freshly-harvested and dried seeds of Bromus sterilis L (1987) Journal of Experimental Botany, 38 (187), pp. 286-292; Kleemann, S.G.L., Gill, G.S., Differences in the distribution and seed germination behaviour of populations of Bromus rigidus and Bromus diandrus in South Australia: Adaptations to habitat and implications for weed management (2006) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57, pp. 213-219; Kon, K.F., Blacklow, W.M., Identification, distribution and population variability of great brome (Bromus diandrus Roth) and rigid brome (Bromus rigidus Roth) (1988) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 39 (6), pp. 1039-1050; Peters, N.C.B., Atkins, H.A., Brain, P., Evidence of differences in seed dormancy among populations of Bromus sterilis (2000) Weed Research, 40 (5), pp. 467-478; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Mellsop, J., Grbavac, N., Effect of cultivation methods on weed seed distribution and seedling emergence (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 28-33; Rolston, M.P., Archie, W.J., Reddy, K., Dastgheib, F., Grass weed control and herbicide tolerance in cereals (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 220-226; Simpson, G.M., (1990) Seed Dormancy in Grasses, p. 297. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK PY - 2010 SP - 78-83 ST - Seed biology of brome grass weeds (Bromus diandrus and B. hordeaceus) and effects of land management T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Seed biology of brome grass weeds (Bromus diandrus and B. hordeaceus) and effects of land management UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955819997&partnerID=40&md5=9cdf223efc11ae4c03a7ae0e320dbc6a VL - 63 ID - 338 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The population structure and dynamics of bronze beetle, Eucolaspis spp., and other soil macro-invertebrates were studied in eight organic apple orchards in Hawke's Bay during spring/summer 2007-08. Orchards with high bronze beetle population densities also had higher abundance of all types of soil macro-invertebrates than orchards with low bronze beetle populations. Surface-dwelling generalist predators were more numerous (on average 53.6 versus 40.5 predators per trap) in orchards with low bronze beetle density than in orchards with high beetle density. This result was mainly due to spider numbers in pit-fall traps, which were highest during January. It may be that within orchards where surfacedwelling spiders are most abundant, these spiders may be predating upon newly emergent adult bronze beetles as they move from the soil to the apple foliage. AU - Doddala, P. R. C. AU - Minor, M. A. AU - Rogers, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bejakovich, D., Pearson, W.D., O'Donnell, M.R., Nationwide survey of pests and diseases of cereal and grass seed crops in New Zealand. 1. Arthropods and Molluscs (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 38-50; Clearwater, J.R., Richards, M.N., Bronze beetle control in Auckland apple orchards (1984) Proceedings of the 37th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 235-240; Dindal, D.L., (1990) Soil Biology Guide, p. 1349. , Wiley Interscience, New York, USA; Dugdale, J., Hutcheson, J., Invertebrate values of kanuka (Kunzea ericoides) stands, Gisborne region (1997) Science for Conservation, p. 17. , Wellington, Department of Conservation; Kay, M.K., Bronze beetle (1980) Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand, p. 4. , New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua, New Zealand; Lysaght, A.M., Bronze beetle research (1930) Bulletin, pp. 25-32. , New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Maloney, D., Drummond, F.A., Afford, R., Spider prédation in agroecosystems: Can spiders effectively control pest populations? (2003) Maine Agricultural and Forest Experimental Station, p. 27. , The University of Maine; Mansour, F., Whitecomb, W., The spiders of a citrus grove in Israel and their role as biocontrol agents of Ceroplastes floridensis [Homoptera: Coccidae] (1986) BioControl, 31, pp. 269-276; Marc, P., Canard, A., Maintaining spider biodiversity in agroecosystems as a tool in pest control (1997) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 62, pp. 229-235; Mathews, C.R., Bottrell, D.G., Brown, M.W., Habitat manipulation of the apple orchard floor to increase ground-dwelling predators and predation of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2004) Biological Control, 30, pp. 265-273; Miller, D., The bronze beetle, its habits and control as an orchard pest (1926) New Journal of Agriculture, 32, pp. 9-14; Miller, D., (1971) Common Insects in New Zealand., p. 178. , AH & AW Reed Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand; Minor, M.A., Robertson, A.W., (2006) An Illustrated Guide to New Zealand Soil Invertebrates, , http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz, accessed 28 May 2010; Petersen, H., Luxton, M., A comparative analysis of soil fauna populations and their role in decomposition processes (1982) Oikos, 39, pp. 288-388; (2008) Fresh Facts, p. 33. , Plant & Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited. Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Rogers, D.J., Cole, L.M., Delate, K.M., Walker, J.T.S., Managing bronze beetle, Eucolaspis brunnea, in organic apple orchards (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 57-62; Rogers, D.J., Cole, L.M., Fraser, T.M., Walker, J.T.S., Potential strategies to manage bronze beetle (Eucolaspis sp.) in organic apple orchards (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 1-6; Symondson, W.O.C., Sunderland, K.D., Greenstone, M.H., Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents? (2002) Annual Review of Entomology, 47, pp. 561-594; (2006) Fresh Facts, p. 33. , The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd. HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand PY - 2010 SP - 195-200 ST - Population dynamics of bronze beetle, Eucolaspis spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in relation to other sou macro-invertebrates in organic apple orchards in Hawke's Bay T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Population dynamics of bronze beetle, Eucolaspis spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in relation to other sou macro-invertebrates in organic apple orchards in Hawke's Bay UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955831675&partnerID=40&md5=729c8db972abbf9f066aea7adaeff3af VL - 63 ID - 372 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two experiments were carried out at Ruakura in soil taken from Whatawhata hill country pasture. The relative susceptibility of several annual clovers (Trifolium spp.) and perennial white clover (T. repens) to slugs (Deroceras reticulatum), clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) adults, native crickets (Nemobius sp.) or wheat bugs (Nysius huttoni) was tested by sowing seed of the clovers into separate rows in turf. Susceptibility of clovers to clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) was tested by sowing each clover variety into Whatawhata soil inoculated with the nematode. Plant growth was assessed in both experiments 4 weeks after sowing. White clover was more susceptible to pests than the annual clovers, with slugs and clover root weevil significantly reducing seedling survival, and clover cyst nematode significantly reducing plant growth. Subterranean clover (T. subterraneum) cv. Denmark was the least affected by pests, showing no significant reduction in survival in the presence of slugs, the most damaging pest, and no significant decrease in plant root and shoot dry weight when exposed to nematodes. AU - Eden, T. M. AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Wilson, D. J. AU - Bell, N. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, N.L., Watson, R.N., Optimising the whitehead and hemming tray method to extract plant parasitic and other nematodes from two soils under pasture (2001) Nematology, 3, pp. 179-185; Barker, G.M., Willoughby, B.E., Pottinger, R.P., Feeding by slugs on some pasture plant species: Laboratory experiments (1983) Proceedings of the 36th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 207-211; Brown, C.D., Green, R.B., The challenges facing legumes in a dryland environment - A consultant's view (2003) Legumes for Dryland Pastures. Grassland Research and Practice Series, 11, pp. 7-12. , Moot DJ ed. New Zealand Grasslands Association, Wellington; Charlton, J.F.L., Control of slug damage in oversown pasture legumes (1978) Proceedings of the 31st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 127-130; Charlton, J.F.L., Effects of slugs during establishment of oversown legumes in box experiments (1979) Proceedings of the 2nd Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 253-255; Crush, J.R., Gerard, P.J., Ouyang, L., Wilson, D.J., Effect of clover root weevil and moisture stress on subterranean, balansa, Persian, arrowleaf and white clovers (2008) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 70, pp. 255-257; Ferguson, C.M., Barratt, B.I.P., Slug damage to pasture renovated by direct drilling (1983) Proceedings of the 36th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 212-215; Gerard, P.J., Eden, T.M., Hardwick, S., Mercer, C.F., Slay, M.W.A., Wilson, D.J., Initial estabilshment of the Irish strain of (2007) Microctonus Aethiopoides in New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 203-208; Mercer, C.F., Woodfield, D.R., A survey of root knot and clover cyst nematodes in dry hill country (1986) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 47, pp. 267-271; Patterson, H.D., Thompson, R., Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal (1971) Biometrika, 58 (3), pp. 545-554; Rattray, P.V., Clover management, research, development and extension in the New Zealand pastoral industries (2005) A Review of R&D Literature and R&D Opportunities, Extension Initiatives and Extension Opportunities., p. 218. , Sustainable Farming Fund Report [ISBN 0-478-29827-7]; Smetham, M.L., A review of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.): Its ecology, and use as a pasture legume in Australasia (2003) Advances in Agronomy, 79, pp. 303-350; Watson, R.N., Bell, N.L., Neville, F.J., Davis, L.T., Pest populations during the first six years in ryegrass pastures containing white or Caucasian clover (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 410-414; Yeates, G.W., Healy, W.B., Widdowson, J.P., Screening of legume varieties for resistance to the root nematodes Heterodera trifolii and Meloidogyne hapla (1973) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 16 (1), pp. 81-86; Yeates, G.W., Effects of Heterodera trifolii on the growth of clover in a yellow-grey earth under greenhouse conditions (1974) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 17, pp. 379-385; Yeates, G.W., Stannard, R.E., Barker, G.M., Vertical distribution of nematode populations in Horotiu sous (1983) New Zealand Soil Bureau Scientific Report, 60, p. 14; Yeates, G.W., Saggar, S., Hedley, C.B., Mercer, C.F., Increase in14C-carbon translocation to the soil microbial biomass when five species of plant-parasitic nematodes infect roots of white clover (1999) Nematology, 1 (3), pp. 295-300 PY - 2010 SP - 235-240 ST - Effects of invertebrate pests on white and annual clovers in dryland soil T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effects of invertebrate pests on white and annual clovers in dryland soil UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955796767&partnerID=40&md5=f3d2152ad2287d15e57a05317da50f7d VL - 63 ID - 348 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Avocado trees typically have a low (>0.3%) fruit set. This means physiological studies on fruit development are difficult to carry out. This investigation was conducted to determine which avocado flowers are most likely to set fruit. Inflorescences at the tip of a floral shoot had significantly higher fruit set (P<0.05) than inflorescences at the base. There was no significant difference in fruit set between determinate and indeterminate inflorescences. The mean fruit set on hand pollinated flowers was 5.2%, which was significantly higher than the 0.22% fruit set on open pollinated flowers. The increase in fruit set following hand pollination suggests pollination may be one factor limiting fruit set of avocados in New Zealand. AU - Evans, L. J. AU - Goodwin, R. M. AU - McBrydie, H. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2006) Grower and Beekeeper Guide: Avocado Pollination Best Practice Guidelines, p. 13. , Avocado Industry Council Ltd. Avocado Industry Council Ltd., Tauranga, New Zealand; (2008) Grower Guide: Spring Tree Management, Phenology and Flowering, p. 36. , Avocado Industry Council Ltd. Avocado Industry Council Ltd., Tauranga, New Zealand; Bangerth, F., Polar auxin transport as a signal in the regulation of tree and fruit development (1993) Acta Horticulture, 329, pp. 70-76; Blanke, M.M., Lovatt, C.J., Anatomy and transpiration of the avocado inflorescence (1993) Annals of Botany, 71, pp. 543-547; Blumenfeld, A., Gazit, S., Development of seeded and seedless avocado fruits (1974) Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 99, pp. 442-448; Davenport, T.L., Avocado flowering (1986) Horticultural Reviews, 8, pp. 257-289; Dixon, J., Elmsly, T.A., Greenwood, A.C., (2007) Differences in Initial Fruit Set on Determinate and Indeterminate Flowering Shoots, 7, pp. 31-40. , New Zealand Avocado Growers Association Annual Research Report; Dixon, J., Sher, D., (2002) Review: Pollination of Avocados, 2, pp. 1-7. , New Zealand Avocado Growers Association Annual Research Report; Dixon, J., Smith, D.B., Greenwood, A.C., Elmsly, T.A., (2006) Putative Timing of Irreversible Commitment to Flowering of Hass Avocado Trees in the Western Bay of Plenty, 6, pp. 13-20. , New Zealand Avocado Growers Association Annual Research Report; Free, J.B., (1993) Insect Pollination of Crops, p. 684. , 2nd edition. Academic Press; Ish-Am, G., Eisikowitch, D., (1992) New Insight into Avocado Flowering in Relation to Its Pollination, 75, pp. 125-137. , California Avocado Society Yearbook; Ish-Am, G., Eisikowitch, D., The behaviour of honey bees (Apis mellifera) visiting avocado (1993) (Persea Americana) Flowers and Their Contribution to Its Pollination. Journal of Apicultural Research, 32, pp. 175-186; Ish-Am, G., Eisikowitch, D., Quantitative approach to avocado pollination (1995) Proceedings of the World Avocado Congress III, pp. 46-51; Thorp, T.G., Aspinall, D., Sedgley, M., Preformation of node number in vegetative and reproductive proleptic shoot modules of Persea (Lauraceae) (1994) Annals of Botany, 73, pp. 13-22 PY - 2010 SP - 214-218 ST - Factors affecting 'hass' avocado (Persea americana) fruit set in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Factors affecting 'hass' avocado (Persea americana) fruit set in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955831323&partnerID=40&md5=3a6b98ff04c8c28a819a2f8bcff2cca7 VL - 63 ID - 343 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Microbial ecology is challenging because of practical problems associated with detecting and quantifying populations. Bacteria and yeasts are not easily identified using conventional methods such as dilution plating and biochemical tests. Those methods lack sensitivity, are extremely time-consuming and cannot account for unculturable organisms. New DNA-based technology, such as microarrays, offers solutions to those problems. However, identification of microorganisms using DNA methodology is becoming increasingly complicated due to the variation revealed in sequenced microbe genomes. Identification is no longer considered reliable when only one area of the genome is targeted, and recent publications consider that sequences from six or seven different genes are required to resolve species or pathovars of fungi and bacteria reliably. A large number of probes from different genes can be included on a single microarray chip. The advantages and disadvantages of microarrays versus other DNA methods for studying microbial ecology of fruit surfaces are discussed. AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Rees-George, J. AU - Pushparajah, I. P. S. AU - Janssen, B. J. AU - Luo, Z. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anthony, R.M., Brown, T.J., French, G.L., Rapid diagnosis of bacteremia by universal amplification of 23S ribosomal DNA followed by hybridization to an oligonucleotide array (2000) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, pp. 781-788; Barrett, B., Adams, I., Glover, R., Boonham, N., The development of a Clondiag potato virus microarray for diagnostic use (2009) Aspects of Applied Biology, 94, pp. 49-50; Bodrossy, L., Sessitsch, A., Oligonucleotide microarrays in microbial diagnostics (2004) Current Opinion in Microbiology, 7, pp. 245-254; Call, D.R., Brockman, F.J., Chandler, D.P., Detecting and genotyping escherichia Coli 0157:H7 using multiplexed pcr and nucleic acid microarrays (2001) International Journal of Food Microbiology, 67 (1-2), pp. 71-80; Cho, J.-C., Tiedje, J.M., Quantitative detection of microbial genes by using DNA microarrays (2002) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68 (3), pp. 1425-1430. , DOI 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1425-1430.2002; DeSantis, T.Z., Brodie, E.L., Moberg, J.P., Zubieta, I.X., Piceno, Y.M., Andersen, G.L., High-density universal 16S rRNA microarray analysis reveals broader diversity than typical clone library when sampling the environment (2007) Microbial Ecology, 53 (3), pp. 371-383; Everett, K.R., Vanneste, J.L., Hallett, I.C., Walter, M., Ecological alternatives for disease management of fruit rot pathogens (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 55-61; Frey, J.E., Pasquer, F., Pelludat, C., Duffy, B., A high-density random-oligonucleotide genome microarray for universal diagnostics (2009) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 40 (1), pp. 40-45; Fukushima, M., Kakinuma, K., Hayashi, H., Nagai, H., Ito, K., Kawaguchi, R., Detection and identification of Mycobacterium species isolates by DNA microarray (2003) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41 (6), pp. 2605-2615; Giannino, M.L., Aliprandi, M., Feligini, M., Vanoni, L., Brasca, M., Fracchetti, F., A DNA array based assay for the characterization of microbial community in raw milk (2009) Journal of Microbiological Methods, 78 (2), pp. 181-188; Hacia, J.G., Fan, J.B., Ryder, O., Jin, L., Edgemon, K., Ghandour, G., Mayer, R.A., Collins, F.S., Determination of ancestral alleles for human single-nucleotide polymorphisms using high-density oligonucleotide arrays (1999) Nature Genetics, 22, pp. 164-167; Huyghe, A., Francois, P., Schrenzel, J., Characterization of microbial pathogens by DNA microarrays (2009) Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 9 (5), pp. 987-995; Kang, X., Li, Y., Sun, H., Wu, W., Liu, H., Lin, F., Qing, C., Yang, Y., Subtype identification of the novel A H1N1 and other human influenza A viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray (2010) Archives of Virology, 155 (1), pp. 55-61; Kyselkova, M., Kopecky, J., Frapolli, M., Defago, G., Sagova-Mareckova, M., Grundmann, G.L., Moenne-Loccoz, Y., Comparison of rhizobacterial community composition in soil suppressive or conducive to tobacco black root rot disease (2009) ISME Journal, 3 (10), pp. 1127-1138; Kyselkova, M., Kopecky, J., Sagova-Mareckova, M., Grundmann, G.L., Moenne-Loccoz, Y., Oligonucleotide microarray methodology for taxonomic and functional monitoring of microbial community composition (2009) Plant, Soil and Environment, 55 (9), pp. 379-388; Lau, A., Chen, S., Sleiman, S., Sorrell, T., Current status and future perspectives on molecular and serological methods in diagnostic mycology (2009) Future Microbiology, 4 (9), pp. 1185-1222; Lee, D.Y., Shannon, K., Beaudette, L.A., Detection of bacterial pathogens in municipal wstewater using an oligonucleotide microarray and real-time quantitative PCR (2006) Journal of Microbiological Methods, 65 (3), pp. 453-467; Lievens, B., Brouwer, M., Vanachter, A.C.R.C., Levesque, C.A., Cammue, B.P.A., Thomma, B.P.H.J., Quantitative assessment of phytopathogenic fungi in various substrates using a DNA macroarray (2005) Environmental Microbiology, 7 (11), pp. 1698-1710. , DOI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00816.x; O'Brien, P.A., Williams, N., Hardy, G.E., Detecting phytophthora (2009) Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 35 (3), pp. 169-181; Pelludat, C., Duffy, B., Frey, J.E., Design and development of a DNA microarray for rapid identification of multiple European quarantine phytopathogenic bacteria (2009) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 125 (3), pp. 413-423; Replies, J., Lau, S.C.K., Pernthaler, J., Amann, R., Glockner, F.O., Application and validation of DNA microarrays for the 16S rRNA-based analysis of marine bacterioplankton (2004) Environmental Microbiology, 6 (6), pp. 638-645. , DOI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00588.x; Pollack, J.R., Perou, C.M., Alizadeh, A.A., Eisen, M.B., Pergamenschikov, A., Williams, C.F., Jeffrey, S.S., Brown, P.O., Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy-number changes using cDNA microarrays (1999) Nature Genetics, 23 (1), pp. 41-46. , DOI 10.1038/12640; Rasooly, A., Herold, K.E., Food microbial pathogen detection and analysis using DNA microarray technologies (Special issue on the application of "omics" technologies for food safety research.) (2008) Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 5 (4), pp. 531-550; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringaepv. actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Reich, M., Kohler, A., Martin, F., Buee, M., Development and validation of an oligonucleotide microarray to characterise ectomycorrhizal fungal communities (2009) BMC Microbiology, 9, p. 241; Rudi, K., Flateland, S.L., Hanssen, J.F., Bengtsson, G., Nissen, H., Development and evaluation of a 16S ribosomal DNA array-based approach for describing complex microbial communities in ready-to-eat vegetable salads packed in a modified atmosphere (2002) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68 (3), pp. 1146-1156. , DOI 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1146-1156.2002; Sarkar, S.F., Guttman, D.S., Evolution of the core genome of Pseudomonas syringae, a highly clonal, endemic plant pathogen (2004) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70 (4), pp. 1999-2012; Schena, M., Shalon, D., Davis, R.W., Brown, P.O., Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray (1995) Science of the Total Environment, 270 (5235), pp. 467-470; Southern, E.M., Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis (1975) Journal of Molecular Biology, 98, pp. 503-517; Stralis-Pavese, N., Sessitsch, A., Weilharter, A., Reichenauer, T., Riesing, J., Csontos, J., Murrell, J.C., Bodrossy, L., Optimization of diagnostic microarray for application in analysing landfill methanotroph communities under different plant covers (2004) Environmental Microbiology, 6 (4), pp. 347-363. , DOI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00582.x; Tambong, J.T., De Awam, C., Tinker, N.A., Levesque, C.A., Oligonucleotide array for identification and detection of Pythium species (2006) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72 (4), pp. 2691-2706; Townsend, M.B., Dawson, E.D., Mehlmann, M., Smagala, J.A., Dankbar, D.M., Moore, C.L., Smith, C.B., Rowlen, K.L., Experimental evaluation of the FluChip diagnostic microarray for influenza virus surveillance (2006) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44 (8), pp. 2863-2871. , DOI 10.1128/JCM.00134-06; Urakawa, H., Matsumoto, J., Hoshino, T., Tsuneda, S., Direct profiling of rRNA in saline wastewater treatment samples using an oligonucleotide microarray (2007) Microbes and Environments, 22 (2), pp. 116-122; Vincelli, P., Tisserat, N., Nucleic acid-based pathogen detection in applied plant pathology (2008) Plant Disease, 92 (5), pp. 660-669. , http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS-92-5-0660, DOI 10.1094/PDIS-92-5-0660; Wang, D., Coscoy, L., Zylberberg, M., Avila, P.C., Boushey, H.A., Ganem, D., DeRisi, J.L., Microarray-based detection and genotyping of viral pathogens (2002) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99 (24), pp. 15687-15692. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.242579699; Wang, R.F., Beggs, M.L., Robertson, L.H., Cerniglia, C.E., Design and evaluation of oligonucleotide-micorarray method for the detection of human intestinal bacteria in fecal samples (2002) Ferns Microbiology Letters, 213, pp. 175-182; Wilson, K.H., Wilson, W.J., Radosevich, J.L., DeSantis, T.Z., Viswanathan, V.S., Kuczmarski, T.A., Andersen, G.L., High-density microarray of small-subunit ribosomal DNA probes (2002) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68, pp. 2535-2541 PY - 2010 SP - 1-6 ST - Advantages and disadvantages of microarrays to study microbial population dynamics - A minireview T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Advantages and disadvantages of microarrays to study microbial population dynamics - A minireview UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955789240&partnerID=40&md5=fd8c1c167fbde55a3dad59b862923b03 VL - 63 ID - 358 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of stored grains throughout the world. This paper examined how multiple mating affected female reproductive fitness in the laboratory. Over 60 days, females that permanently paired with males, mated twice with different males or four times with the same males did not suffer from significant decline of offspring survival, while females mated once, twice with the same males and four times with different males had significant declines. It is suggested that mating once or twice with the same males is not enough for females to maximise their reproductive fitness. The significant decline of offspring survival in females that mated with four different males may be caused by reproductive organ damage or other factors that reduce their fertility due to excessive polyandry. AU - Flay, C. D. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Arnqvist, G., Multiple mating in a water strider - Mutual benefits or intersexual conflict (1989) Animal Behaviour, 38, pp. 749-756; Arnqvist, G., Nilsson, T., The evolution of polyandry: Multiple mating and female fitness in insects (2000) Animal Behaviour, 60, pp. 145-164; Baer, B., Schmid-Hempel, P., Experimental variation in polyandry affects parasite loads and fitness in a bumble-bee (1999) Nature, 397, pp. 151-154; Bateman, A.J., Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila (1948) Heredity, 2, pp. 349-368; Blanckenhorn, W.U., Hosken, D.J., Martin, O.Y., Reim, C., Teuschl, Y., Ward, P.I., The costs of copulating in the dung fly Sepsis cynipsea (2002) Behavioural Ecology, 13, pp. 353-358; Calleri, D.V., Reid, E.M., Rosengaus, R.B., Vargo, E.L., Traniello, J.F.A., Inbreeding and disease resistance in a social insect: Effects of heterozygosity on immnnocompetence in the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (2006) Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 273, pp. 2633-2640; Campbell, J.F., Fitness consequences of multiple mating on female Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2005) Environmental Entomology, 34, pp. 833-843; Chapman, T., Davies, S.J., Functions and analysis of the seminal fluid proteins of male Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies (2004) Peptides, 25, pp. 1477-1490; Cornell, S.J., Tregenza, T., A new theory for the evolution of polyandry as a means of inbreeding avoidance (2007) Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 274, pp. 2873-2879; Crudgington, H.S., Siva-Jothy, M.T., Genital damage, kicking and early death - The battle of the sexes takes a sinister turn in the bean weevil (2000) Nature, 407, pp. 855-856; Fedorka, K., Mousseau, T., Material and genetic benefits of female multiple mating and polyandry (2002) Animal Behaviour, 64, pp. 361-367; Frankenfeld, J.C., Staining methods for detecting weevil infestation in grain (1948) USDA Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, 256, pp. 1-4; Hardling, R., Kaitala, A., The evolution of repeated mating under sexual conflict (2005) Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, pp. 106-115; Hasson, O., Stone, L., Male infertility, female fertility and extrapair copulations (2009) Biological Reviews, 84, pp. 225-244; Hurst, G.D.D., Sharpe, R.G., Broomfield, A.H., Walker, L.E., Majerus, T.M.O., Zakharov, I.A., Majerus, M.E.N., Sexually-transmitted disease in a promiscuous insect, Adalia-bipunctata (1995) Ecological Entomology, 20, pp. 230-236; Jennions, M.D., Petrie, M., Why do females mate multiply? A review of the genetic benefits (2000) Biological Reviews, 75, pp. 21-64; Keller, L., Reeve, H.K., Why do females mate with multiple males? The sexually selected sperm hypothesis (1995) Advances in the Study of Behavior, 24, pp. 291-315; Longstaff, B.C., Biology of the grain pest species of the genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): A critical review (1981) Protection Ecology, 3, pp. 83-130; Michiels, N., Newman, L., Sex and violence in hermaphrodites (1998) Nature, 391, p. 647; Pai, A., Bennett, L., Yan, G.Y., Female multiple mating for fertility assurance in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) (2005) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 83, pp. 913-919; Parker, G.A., Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in insects (1970) Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 45, pp. 525-530; Rees, D., (2004) Insects of Stored Products, p. 192. , CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia; Reinhardt, K., Siva-Jothy, M., An advantage for young sperm in the house cricket Acheta domesticus (2005) The American Naturalist, 165, pp. 718-723; Ronkainen, K., Kaitala, A., Kivela, S.M., Polyandry, multiple mating, and female fitness in a water strider Aquarius paludum (2010) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 64, pp. 657-664; Rowe, L., The costs of mating and mate choice in water striders (1994) Animal Behaviour, 48, pp. 1049-1056; Schwartz, S.K., Peterson, M.A., Strong material benefits and no longevity costs of multiple mating in an extremely polyandrous leaf beetle, Chrysochus cobaltinus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2006) Behavioral Ecology, 17, pp. 1004-1010; Siva-Jothy, M.T., The young sperm gambit (2000) Ecology Letters, 3, pp. 172-174; Thornhill, R., Alcock, J., (1983) The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems, p. 547. , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, USA; Tregenza, T., Wedell, N., Benefits of multiple mates in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (1998) Evolution, 52, pp. 1726-1730; Wang, Q., Davis, L.K., Females remate for sperm replenishment in a seed bug: Evidence from offspring viability (2006) Journal of Insect Behavior, 19, pp. 337-346; Watson, P., Stallmann, R., Arnqvist, G., Sexual conflict and the energetic costs of mating and mate choice in water striders (1998) The American Naturalist, 151, pp. 46-58; Wedell, N., Gage, M., Parker, G., Sperm competition, male prudence and spermlimited females (2002) Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17, pp. 313-320; Wigby, S., Chapman, T., Sex peptide causes mating costs in female Drosophila melanogaster (2005) Current Biology, 15, pp. 316-321; Xu, J., Wang, Q., A polyandrous female moth discriminates against previous mates to gain genetic diversity (2009) Animal Behaviour, 78, pp. 1309-1315; Zeh, J., Newcomer, S., Zeh, D., Polyandrous females discriminate against previous mates (1998) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95, pp. 13732-13736 PY - 2010 SP - 201-207 ST - Influence of multiple mating on female reproductive fitness in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of multiple mating on female reproductive fitness in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955819660&partnerID=40&md5=7575ca340f5a84b1fa52b88a46042370 VL - 63 ID - 357 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Weed control strategies for establishing three ground cover species were investigated by planting them in late spring, then assessing eight different control treatments during the following 14 months. The prostrate woody Coprosma acerosa 'Taiko' established best with black weed mat mulch and EcoCover paper mulch, although bark mulches also gave reasonable establishment rates. The brittle succulent, Sedum mexicanum 'Acapulco Gold', also established well with black weed mat and paper mulch, although a sawdust mulch was particularly suitable. The frost-prone Polygonum capitatum, which regrows readily from seed, did best with soil kept bare by hand-hoeing or selective herbicides, although the paper mulch also rated well. Thus the best weed control strategy varied depending on the characteristics of the ground cover being established. Other considerations, including relative costs, are also discussed. AU - Foo, C. L. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - MacKay, M. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Evans, R.L., (1983) Handbook of Cultivated Sedums, 345p. , Science Reviews Limited, Northwood, Middlesex; Fish, M., (1970) Ground Cover Plants, p. 144. , 4 th ed. David & Charles Limited, Newton Abbot, UK; Foo, C.L., Harrington, K.C., MacKay, M.B., Wrigley, M.P., Establishment rate of 12 ornamental ground cover species for weed control (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 415. , Abstract; Foo, C.L., Harrington, K.C., MacKay, M.B., Herbicide tolerance of three ornamental ground cover species: Polygonum capitatum, Sedum mexicanum and Soleirolia soleirolii (2010) Proceedings of the 17 th Australasian Weeds Conference: in Press; Harrington, K.C., Bedford, T.A., Control of weeds by paper mulch in vegetable and trees (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 37-40; MacKenzie, D.S., (1997) Perennial Ground Covers, 379p. , Timber Press, Portland; O'Connell, N.V., Snyder, R.L., Cover crops, mulch lower night temperatures in citrus (1999) California Agriculture, 53 (5), pp. 37-40; Rana, R.S., Yadav, S.M., Gaur, J.K., Rathore, A.S., Comparative performance and evaluation of drip irrigation system with and without application of mulch on ber under arid and semi arid, irrigated regions of Rajasthan (2005) Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Agricultural and Food Engineering., pp. 278-282; Skroch, W.A., Powell, Ma., Bilderbank, T.E., Henry, P.H., Mulches: Durability, aesthetic value, weed control, and temperature (1992) Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 10 (1), pp. 43-45; Snodgrass, E.C., Snodgrass, L.C., (2006) Garden Roof Plants: A Resource and Planting Guide, p. 203. , Timber Press, Portland; Thomas, G.S., (1977) Plants for Ground Cover (Revised), p. 282. , Aldine Press, London PY - 2010 SP - 96-101 ST - Comparison of weed control techniques to establish three ground cover species T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of weed control techniques to establish three ground cover species UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955795074&partnerID=40&md5=e7e3f194a32f287fe28f93b62f0f936b VL - 63 ID - 332 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity New Zealand runs several surveillance programmes to detect new or emerging risk organisms in New Zealand. Reporting of these organisms is through the exotic disease and pest emergency hotline. Notifications received through the hotline are screened and investigated to determine if they pose a risk to New Zealand's core biosecurity values (economic, environmental, human health and cultural). Significant numbers of notifications are received each year. Data detailing the notification and investigation of suspect risk organisms in the plants and environment domains for the last 2 years are presented and compared with previously published data. The trend in notifications and the resulting outcomes of investigations are discussed. AU - Froud, K. J. AU - Bullians, M. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2003) Tiakina Aotearoa, Protect New Zealand, the Biosecurity Strategy for New Zealand, p. 63. , Anon. Biosecurity Council, Wellington, New Zealand; (2009) Biosecurity Surveillance Strategy 2020, p. 51. , Anon. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; (2009) National Plant Health Status Report (08/09), p. 184. , Anon. Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT; Burnip, G.M., Sarty, M., Gunawardana, D., Green, O., A success story: Early detection of exotic ants (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, p. 313. , (Abstract); Clift, K., What does the future hold for surveillance? (2008) Surveillance for Biosecurity: Preborder to Pest Management, pp. 77-79. , Fraud KJ, Popay AI, Zydenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Hastings, New Zealand; Fletcher, J., Stack, J.P., Plant Biosecurity Infrastructure for disease surveillance and diagnostics (2007) Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges - Finding Solutions. Workshop Summary, pp. 95-106. , Lemon SM. Institute of Medicine. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC; Fraud, K.J., Oliver, T.M., Bingham, P.C., Flynn, A.R., Rowswell, N.J., Passive surveillance of new exotic pests and diseases in New Zealand (2008) Surveillance for Biosecurity: Preborder to Pest Management., pp. 97-110. , Fraud KJ, Popay AI, Zydenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Hastings, New Zealand; Goldson, S.L., Rowarth, J.S., Caradus, J.R., The impact of invasive invertebrate pests in pastoral agriculture: A review (2005) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 48, pp. 401-415; Kriticos, D.J., Phillips, C.B., Suckling, D.M., Improving border biosecurity: Potential economic benefits to New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 1-6; MacLeod, A., Pautasso, M., Jeger, M.J., HainesYoung, R., Evolution of the international regulation of plant pests and challenges for the future of plant health (2010) Food Security, 2, pp. 49-70; Morse, S.S., The vigilance defence (2002) Scientific American, 287 (4), pp. 88-89; O'Connor, S., Weston, P., Preventing the international spread of invasive ants through implementation of offshore biosecurity risk management policy (2010) Ant Ecology., pp. 242-243. , Lach L, Parr CL, Abbott K ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford; Pearson, H.G., Bennett, S.J., Philip, B.A., Jones, D.C., The Australian dampwood termite, Porotermes adamsoni, in New Zealand (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 241-247 PY - 2010 SP - 262-269 ST - Investigation of biosecurity risk organisms for the plant and environment domains in New Zealand for 2008 and 2009 T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Investigation of biosecurity risk organisms for the plant and environment domains in New Zealand for 2008 and 2009 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955789902&partnerID=40&md5=c41edc4c87c26a258baa1d1e20bb02cd VL - 63 ID - 346 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spirotetramat (Movento®is a systemic insecticide that can control scale insects on kiwifruit. It must be tank-mixed with a spray adjuvant to maximise leaf uptake. This study investigated how two adjuvants, a penetrating oil and a superspreader, affected spray retention and uptake of spirotetramat into kiwifruit leaves, from dilute and concentrated spray mixes. Spray retention and distribution of airblast-applied, high volume, dilute sprays containing the oil adjuvant were good, but retention was reduced when sprays were concentrated. Concentrated sprays, containing the superspreader adjuvant, were retained and distributed similarly to the dilute sprays containing oil adjuvant. Spirotetramat uptake into foliage was generally low, but was greater with the oil penetrant than with the superspreader. Concentrating sprays and increasing adjuvant concentrations could increase insecticide uptake, as could combining the two adjuvants together in a spray. The potential of the adjuvants to maximise spirotetramat efficacy in concentrate sprays and to reduce residues at harvest is discussed. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Horgan, D. B. AU - Van Leeuwen, R. M. AU - Manktelow, D. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2009) Movento, , www.bayercropscience.co.nz/default.asp?V-DOC-ID=860, accessed 21 May 2010; Brück, E., Elbert, A., Fischer, R., Kreuger, S., Kühnhold, J., Kleuken, A.M., Nauen, R., Waetermeulen, X., Movento®an innovative ambimobile insecticide for sucking insect pest control in agriculture: Biological profile and field performance (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 838-844; Gaskin, R.E., Pathan, A.K., Characterising plant surfaces and adjuvant interactions to improve pesticide spray retention and coverage on avocados (2008) NZ Avocado Growers'Assn Annual Research Report, 6, pp. 63-69; Grafton-Cardwell, B., (2009), http://westernfarmpress.com/grapes/insecticide-movento-0216/(, Univ. of California. accessed 16 April 2010; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N.A., Ramankutty, P., Armoured scale insect infestation on kiwifruit in relation to position on the vine (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 47-50 PY - 2010 SP - 60-65 ST - Adjuvant effects on the retention and uptake of spirotetramat insecticide sprays on kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Adjuvant effects on the retention and uptake of spirotetramat insecticide sprays on kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955833754&partnerID=40&md5=ce08538935ded4b1949d3c360b2b5201 VL - 63 ID - 366 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Microscope-based observation of surface microbes can support indirect techniques, such as culturing or DNA analysis of surface washings, by illustrating microbial distribution patterns, inter-relationships and the presence of unculturable or non-recovered organisms. Comparisons have been made between techniques of contrasting complexity. For example, surface replicas of the leaf made from transparent materials and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were compared for their ability to present an accurate picture of the leaf surface and microbial populations. "Environmental" SEM (ESEM) and cryo-SEM minimise change and provide the most realistic and detailed images of the surface but have logistical difficulties. Conventional, critical point dried SEM samples, even with extra processing and some physical change, usually provided similar results and had advantages in handling. The simpler replica techniques retained microbial number and distribution when compared to ESEM but were poor with rough surfaces. Microbial material on replicas could be stained or labelled with antibodies to improve identification. AU - Hallett, I. C. AU - Boyd-Wilson, K. S. H. AU - Everett, K. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Andrews, J.H., Spear, R.N., Nordheim, E.V., Population biology of Aureobasidium pullulans on apple leaf surfaces (2002) Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 48, pp. 500-513; Bainbridge, A., Dickinson, C.H., Effects of fungicides on the microflora of potato leaves (1972) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 59, pp. 31-41; Collins, S.P., Pope, R.K., Scheetz, R.W., Ray, R.I., Wagner, P.A., Little, B.J., Advantages of environmental scanning electron microscopy in studies of microorganisms (1993) Microscopy Research and Technique, 25 (5-6), pp. 398-405; Danilatos, G.D., Introduction to the ESEM instrument (1993) Microscopy Research and Technique, 25, pp. 354-361; Danilatos, G.D., Postle, R., The environmental scanning electron microscope and its applications (1982) Scanning Electron Microscopy (PtI), pp. 1-16; Dickinson, C.H., Watson, J., Wallace, B., An impression method for examining epiphytic micro-organisms and its application to phylloplane studies (1974) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 63, pp. 616-619; Falloon, R.E., Sutherland, P.W., Hallett, I.C., Morphology of Erysiphe pisi on leaves of Pisum sativum (1989) Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, pp. 3410-3416; Henderson, D., A guide to microscope automation (2008) Imaging & Microscopy, 10 (1), pp. 51-53; Measuring biological responses with automated microscopy (2006) Methods in Enzymology, 414, p. 736. , Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego/London, UK; Langvad, F., A simple and rapid method for qualitative and quantitative study of the fungal flora of leaves (1980) Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 26 (6), pp. 666-670; Lee, O.H.K., Hyde, K.D., Phylloplane fungi in Hong Kong mangroves: Evaluation of study methods (2002) Mycologia, 94, pp. 596-606; Muyzer, G., DGGE/TGGE a method for identifying genes from natural ecosystems (1999) Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2 (3), pp. 317-322. , DOI 10.1016/S1369-5274(99)80055-1; Pathan, A.K., Bond, J., Gaskin, R.E., Sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy of plant surfaces - Horses for courses (2008) Micron, 39, pp. 1049-1061; Poonguzhali, S., Madhaiyan, M., Yim, W.J., Kim, K.A., Sa, T.M., Colonization pattern of plant root and leaf surfaces visualized by use of green-fluorescent-marked strain of Methylobacterium suomiense and its persistence in rhizosphere (2008) Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 78, pp. 1033-1043; Stokes, D.J., (2008) Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM)., p. 221. , John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK; Sutherland, P., Hallett, I., Jones, M., Probing cell wall structure and development by the use of antibodies: A personal perspective (2009) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 39, pp. 197-205; Van Den Wymelenberg, A.J., Cullen, D., Spear, R.N., Schoenike, B., Andrews, J.H., Expression of green fluorescent protein in Aureobasidium pullulans and quantification of the fungus on leaf surfaces (1997) Bio Techniques, 23, pp. 686-690 PY - 2010 SP - 15-23 ST - Microscope methods for observation of the phylloplane flora T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Microscope methods for observation of the phylloplane flora UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955831678&partnerID=40&md5=d1d825a64440893bee56c3213f035922 VL - 63 ID - 345 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Eretmocerus warrae (Naumann & Schmit) is a thelytokous parasitoid of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). It was first detected in New Zealand in 1997 during a survey of greenhouses in Auckland. Under 22±1°C, 60±5% RH and 16:8 h light:dark, the effect of food supply on longevity, host feeding, fecundity and parasitism in E. warrae was investigated with four treatments: (1) no food and no host, (2) 10% honey solution and no host, (3) 40 2nd instar nymphs per day and no honey, and (4) 40 2nd instar nymphs per day and 10% honey solution. Results showed that parasitoids lived significantly longer when given honey but no host (8.8 days) than parasitoids given the other treatments (2.5-5.5 days) (P<0.0001). Honey supply significantly reduced host feeding (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in lifetime fecundity (32.4-34.7 eggs), parasitism rate (14.7-16.0%) and superparasitism rate (10.3-11.4%) between parasitoids given hosts with or without access to honey. AU - Hanan, A. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Shakeel, M. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Byrne, D.N., Bellows Jr., T.S., Parrella, M.P., Whiteflies in agricultural systems (1990) Whiteflies: Their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management, pp. 227-261. , Gerling D ed. Intercept Ltd, Andover, Hants, UK; Charnov, E.L., Stephens, D.W., On the evolution of host selection in solitary parasitoids (1988) American Naturalist, 132, pp. 707-722; De Barro, P.J., Driver, F., Nauman, I.D., Schmidt, S., Clarke, G.M., Curran, J., Description of three species of Eretmocerus Haldman (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australia based on morphological and molecular data (2000) Australian Journal of Entomology, 39, pp. 259-269; Gerling, D., Orion, T., Delarea, Y., Eretmocerus penetration and immature development: A novel approach to overcome host immunity (1990) Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 13, pp. 247-253; Ghahari, H., Huang, J., Wang, Z., Biology of a thelyotokous biotype of Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (2005) Insect Science, 12, pp. 461-465; Greenberg, S.M., Legaspi, B.C., Jones, W.A., Enkegaard, A., Temperature-dependent life history of Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on two whitefly hosts (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (2000) Environmental Entomology, 29, pp. 851-860; Hanan, A., He, X.Z., Shakeel, M., Wang, Q., Diurnal rhythms of emergence, host feeding and oviposition of Eretmocerus warrae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 156-160; Hardin, J.A., Asplen, M.K., Byrne, D.N., The longevity effects of trehalulose feeding by parasitoids (2008) Physiological Entomology, 33 (2), pp. 95-100. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.2007.00601.x; Heimpel, G.E., The evolution of host-feeding behaviour in insect parasitoids (1996) Biological Reviews, 71, pp. 373-400. , Collier TR; Jervis, Ma., Kidd, N.A.C., Host-feeding strategies in hymenopteran parasitoids (1986) Biological Review, 61, pp. 395-434; Jones, W.A., Greenberg, S.M., Suitability of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) instars for the parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (1998) Environmental Entomology, 27, pp. 1569-1573; Laetemia, J.A., Laing, J.E., Corrigan, J.E., Effects of adult nutrition on longevity, fecundity and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (1995) Canadian Entomologist, 127, pp. 245-254; McAuslane, H., Nguyen, R., Reproductive biology and behavior of a thelytokous species of Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (1996) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 89, pp. 686-693; McDougall, S., Mills, N., The influence of hosts, temperature and food sources on the longevity of Trichogramma platneri (1997) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 83, pp. 195-203; Mangel, M., Evolution of host-selection in parasitoids: Does the state of the parasitoid matter? (1989) American Naturalist, 133, pp. 688-705; Qiu, B.L., De Barro, P.J., Ren, S.X., Development, survivorship and reproduction oí Eretmocerus sp. nr furuhashii (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on glabrous and non-glabrous host plants (2005) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95, pp. 313-319; Sengonca, C., Uygun, N., Ulusoy, M.R., Kersting, U., Laboratory studies on biology and ecology of Eretmocerus debachi Rose & Rosen (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) the parasitoid of Parabemisia myricae Kuwana (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (1994) Journal of Applied Entomology, 118, pp. 407-412; Thompson, S.N., Nutrition and culture of entomophagous insects (1999) Annual Review of Entomology, 44, pp. 561-592; Van Lenteren, J.C., Van Roermund, H.J.W., Sütterlin, S., Biological control of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa: How does it work? (1996) Biological Control, 6, pp. 1-10; Vet, L.E.M., Van Lenteren, J.C., Woets, J., The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. IX. A review of the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly with suggestions for future research (1980) Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 90, pp. 26-51; Viggiani, G., Bionomics of the aphelinidae (1984) Annual Review of Entomology, 29, pp. 257-276; Workman, P.J., Scott, I., Drayton, G., Eretmocerus warrae: A new whitefly parasitoid found in New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 386. , Abstract; Zolnerowich, G., Rose, M., The genus Eretmocerus (2008) Classical Biological Control of Bemisia Tabaci in the United States - A Review of Interagency Research and Implementation, pp. 89-109. , Gould J, Hoelmer K, Goolsby J ed. Springer The Netherlands PY - 2010 SP - 113-117 ST - Effect of food supply on reproductive potential of Eretmocerus warrae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of food supply on reproductive potential of Eretmocerus warrae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955833409&partnerID=40&md5=d8d2aeb8db1cbd6872d3b52b882ae7e6 VL - 63 ID - 359 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Botrytis bunch rot (botrytis) can reduce grape yield and wine quality. Standardised assessment methods are needed to allow greater precision in wine making and to allow the use of disease management decision support models in grape production. This study developed a botrytis disease assessment key to assist the accuracy of visual disease assessment. Associated computer training software, designed to improve the accuracy of disease assessments, was also developed and tested. The mean absolute error in estimates of percentage botrytis severity was significantly (P<0.05) lower after eight assessors used the training software. Vineyard sample size required for estimation of disease severity was determined and a disease incidence-severity relationship for estimating severity from incidence was developed. AU - Hill, G. N. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Evans, K. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :15 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beresford, R.M., Evans, K.J., Wood, P.N., Mundy, D.C., Disease assessment and epidemic monitoring methodology for bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) in grapevines (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 355-360; James, W.C., Assessment of plant diseases and losses (1974) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 12, pp. 27-48; Kranz, J., Measuring plant disease (1988) Experimental Techniques in Plant Disease Epidemiology., pp. P35-50. , Kranz J, Rotem J ed. Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany; Nair, N.G., Hill, G.K., Bunch rot of grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea (1992) Plant Diseases of International Importance, V. III: Diseases of Fruit Crops, pp. P147-169. , Kumar J, Chaube HS, Singh US, Mukhopadhyay AN ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA; Nutter, F.W., Disease assessment terms and concepts (2001) Encyclopedia of Plant Pathology., pp. P312-323. , Maloy OC, Murray TD ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York; Nutter, F.W., Esker, P.D., Netto, R.A.C., Disease assessment concepts and the advancements made in improving the accuracy and precision of plant disease data (2006) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 115 (1), pp. 95-103; Seem, R.C., Disease incidence and severity relationships (1984) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 22 (1), pp. 133-150 PY - 2010 SP - 174-181 ST - Tools for accurate assessment of botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) on wine grapes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Tools for accurate assessment of botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) on wine grapes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955790908&partnerID=40&md5=b763fb9abb6b403a74693699b6817b7c VL - 63 ID - 364 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Violet root rot (VRR), caused by Rhizoctonia crocorum, causes substantial economic losses and threatens the long-term viability of the carrot industry in the Ohakune region, New Zealand. Previous attempts at control have been largely unsuccessful. Preplanting soil fumigation trials were carried out in two heavily infested Ohakune carrot fields. In 2007/08, chloropicrin+dichloropropene (Tri-Form 60) and metam sodium (Fumasol™) failed to provide a commercially useful level of VRR control. Deficiencies in fumigant placement and distribution, and inadequate sealing of the soil for gas retention were identified as likely reasons for the failure. Modified application techniques, improved soil sealing and different combinations of fumigants in the 2008/09 season provided excellent control in some treatments. At Site A, VRR incidence was 0.6% and 66.7% in the chloropicrin+metam sodium and chloropicrin treatments, respectively, compared with 98.6% incidence in untreated control plots. At Site B, VRR incidence was 2.3% and 3.8% in the chloropicrin+dichloropropene and combined chloropicrin+dichloropropene+ metam sodium treatments, with and without plastic covering respectively, compared with 41.5% in untreated control plots. AU - Horner, I. J. AU - Hough, E. G. AU - Fisher, B. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cheah, L.H., Page, B.B.C., Epidemiology and control of violet root rot of carrots (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 157-161; Horner, I.J., Alternative soil fumigant trials in New Zealand strawberry production (1999) Proceedings of the Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, pp. 871-874. , San Diego, USA, November 1999; Jeffers, S.N., Aldwinckle, H.S., Enhancing detection of Phytophthora cactorum in naturally infested soil (1987) Phytopathology, 77, pp. 1475-1482; Mattner, S.W., Porter, I.J., Gounder, R.K., Shanks, A.L., Phytotoxicity and plantback- Critical issues in the Australian strawberry industry (2003) Proceedings of the Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, pp. 411-414. , San Diego, USA, November 2003; Papiernik, S.K., Yates, S.R., Gan, J., An approach for estimating the permeability of agricultural films (2001) Environmental Science and Technology, 35 (6), pp. 1240-1246. , DOI 10.1021/es0014279; Punja, Z.K., McDonald, M.R., Violet root rot (2002) Compendium of Umbelliferous Crop Diseases, pp. 40-41. , Davis RM, Raid RN ed. APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota, USA; Ruzo, L.O., Physical, chemical and environmental properties of selected chemical alternatives for the pre-plant use of methyl bromide as soil fumigant (2006) Pest Management Science, 62, pp. 99-113 PY - 2010 SP - 123-132 ST - Pre-plant soil fumigation for control of violet root rot of carrots T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pre-plant soil fumigation for control of violet root rot of carrots UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955812833&partnerID=40&md5=59c407fa469c81ff3fdc31515043e6ed VL - 63 ID - 351 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Six crops of autumn-sown wheat managed under integrated pest management (IPM) were compared to six adjacent crops grown under the participating farmers' current pest management practices in demonstration trials in Canterbury during the 2008-09 and 2009-10 seasons. Farmer training with a focus on monitoring and beneficial predator identification was carried out. The presence and abundance of key pests and diseases (slugs, aphids, yellow dwarf virus (YDV)) and beneficial predators was determined. Carabid beetles and other beneficial insects capable of contributing to pest control were present in the arable cropping systems. There was an increasing trend in the number of beneficial organisms, a reduction in pests and a 50% reduction in the number of insecticides applied in the IPM-managed crops. There were negligible YDV and crop yield differences between the two approaches. IPM adoption at these farms was very high after these participatory trials. AU - Horrocks, A. AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Horne, P. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bicknell, K., Greer, G., Teulon, D.A.J., The value of forecasting BYDV in autumn sown cereals (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 87-92; Bohan, D.A., Bohan, A.C., Glen, D.M., Symondson, W.O.C., Wiltshire, C.W., Hughes, L., Spatial dynamics of predation by carabid beetles on slugs (2000) Journal of Animal Ecology, 69 (3), pp. 367-379. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00399.x; Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., Hodson, A.J., Trends in IPM and insecticide use in processing tomatoes in New Zealand (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 421-427; D'Arcy, C.J., Symptomology and host range of barley yellow dwarf (1995) Barley Yellow Dwarf 40 Years of Progress, pp. 9-28. , D'Arcy CJ, Burnett PA ed. APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota; Dent, D.R., Holderness, M., Vos, J.G.M., Integrated pest management at CAB international (2003) Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena, pp. 493-499. , Maredia KM, Dakouo D, Mota-Sanchez D ed CABI Publishing, UK; Farrell, J.A., Stufkens, M.W., The impact of Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on populations of the rose grain aphid (Metopophium dirhodum) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on cereals in Canterbury, New Zealand (1990) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80, pp. 377-383; Farrell, J.A., Stufkens, M.W., Cereal aphid flights and barley yellow dwarf virus infection of cereals in Canterbury, New Zealand (1992) New Zealand of Crop and Horticultural Science, 20, pp. 407-412; Glen, D.M., Symondson, W.O.C., Influence of soil tillage on slugs and their natural enemies (2003) Soil Tillage in Agroecosystems, pp. 207-227. , Titi AE ed. CRC Press Inc. USA; Home, P.A., Page, J., (2008) Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures, p. 119. , CSIRO Landlinks Press, Australia; Home, P., Page, J., Nicholson, C., When will IPM strategies be adopted? An example of development and implementation of IPM strategies in cropping systems in Victoria (2008) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 48, pp. 1601-1607; Kromp, B., Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture: A review on pest control efficacy, cultivation impacts and enhancement (1999) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74 (1-3), pp. 187-228. , DOI 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00037-7, PII S0167880999000377; Langan, A.M., Taylor, A., Wheater, C.P., Effects of metaldehyde and methiocarb on feeding preferences and survival of a slug predator (Pterostichus melanarius (F.): Carabidae, Pterostichini) (2004) Journal of Applied Entomology, 128, pp. 51-55; Murray, P., Evaluating participatory extension programs: Challenges and problems (2000) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 40 (4), pp. 519-526. , DOI 10.1071/EA99079; Nash, Ma., Thomson, L.J., Home, P.A., Hoffmann, A.A., Notonomus gravis (Chaudoir) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) predation of Deroceras reticulatum Muller (Gastropoda:Agriolimacidae), an example of fortuitous biological control (2008) Biological Control, 47, pp. 328-334; Stufkens, M.W., Farrell, J.A., Establishment of Aphidius rhopalosiphi, a parasitoid of the rosegrain aphid in New Zealand (1987) Proceedings of the 40th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 15-18; Stufkens, M.A.W., James, D.E., Wallace, A.R., (2003) Imidacloprid (Gaucho) Persistence on Autumn-sown Wheat. Crop & Food Research Confidential Report No. 968., , New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand; Symondson, W.O.C., Glen, D.M., Wiltshire, C.W., Langdon, C.J., Liddell, J.E., Effects of cultivation techniques and methods of straw disposal on predation by Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera: Carabidae) upon slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in an arable field (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology, 33 (4), pp. 741-753; Teulon, D.A.J., Stufkens, M.A.W., Nicol, D., Harcourt, S.J., Forecasting barley yellow dwarf virus in autumn-sown cereals in 1998 (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 187-191; Thackray, D.J., Ward, L.T., Thomas-Carroll, M.L., Jones, R.A.C., Role of winter-active aphids spreading barley yellow dwarf virus in decreasing wheat yields in a Mediterraneantype environment (2005) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56, pp. 1089-1099; Van Toor, R.F., Teulon, D.A.J., (2007) Insecticides Used to Control Aphids Transmitting BYDV in Autumn Sown Cereals: A Review of Their Effects on Carabid Predators of Slugs. Crop & Food Research Confidential Report No. 1907, , New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand; Walker, J.T.S., Park, N.M., Clothier, B.E., Manktelow, D.W.L., Van Den Dijssel, C.W., Hodson, A.J., Barley, M.J., Hodson-Kersey, L.R., Progress in pesticide risk reduction in New Zealand horticulture (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 321-327 PY - 2010 SP - 47-54 ST - Demonstrating an integrated pest management strategy in autumn-sown wheat to arable farmers T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Demonstrating an integrated pest management strategy in autumn-sown wheat to arable farmers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955813163&partnerID=40&md5=7693e15dbea6cd991dbac3af59b88a0c VL - 63 ID - 368 ER - TY - JOUR AU - James, T. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2010 ST - Foreword: New Zealand Plant Protection T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword: New Zealand Plant Protection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955814314&partnerID=40&md5=71f2745cee4c2bfca07c4cd251fd6f8a VL - 63 ID - 340 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Field horsetail is a perennial, rhizomatous weed with summer-growing fern-like foliage and sporelating stems. It likes moist, free-draining sandy soils and gravel riverbeds and flood plains. Glasshouse experiments on 10-month old potted field horsetail plants showed excellent efficacy of imazapyr, amitrole, metsulfuron, picloram and combinations of picloram with metsulfuron or triclopyr, all at highest recommended rates. However, in the field trial, single applications of these herbicides did not provide effective long-term control with significant regrowth 2 months after treatment. This suggests that most of the herbicide treatments did not damage the extensive root system sufficiently to stop considerable regrowth, with herbicides such as triclopyr+picloram, glyphosate and metsulfuron failing to give adequate control of this weed in the field. Further applications of amitrole or triclopyr+metsulfuron 2 months after the initial treatment gave better results but also killed all other vegetation. AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ainsworth, N., Gunasekera, L., Bonillo, J., Management of horsetail species using herbicides (2006) Proceedings of the 15th Australian Weeds Conference, pp. 279-282; Bell, C.C., Popay, A.I., Chemical control of field horsetail (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 66-69; Hoyt, P.B., Carder, A.C., Chemical control of field horsetail (1962) Weeds, 10, pp. 111-115; Marshall, G., Growth and development of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) (1986) Weed Science, 34, pp. 271-275; Patterson, T.M., Departmental trials with picloram (1965) Proceedings of the 18th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 24-31; Rahman, A., Sanders, P., James, T.K., Persistence and mobility of imazapyr in some New Zealand soils (1993) Proceedings of the 8th EWRS Symposium, pp. 493-500. , Braunschweig, Germany; Ryan, G.F., Chemical control of field horsetail (1976) Weed Science, 24, pp. 401-404; Torstensson, L., Börjesson, E., Use of imazapyr against Equisetum arvense on Swedish railway tracks (2004) Pest Management Science, 60, p. 565569 PY - 2010 SP - 102-107 ST - Chemical control of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Chemical control of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955828736&partnerID=40&md5=123086727401d85478bb19a84ab368d5 VL - 63 ID - 342 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Some herbaceous broadleaf weed species are major weeds of pastures and are difficult to manage with ongoing re-infestation from the persistent soil weed seedbank. In this study, seeds from five weed species were collected in 2009 from two sites where they had been buried at three depths since 1981. The species were Scotch thistle (Cirsium vulgare), Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense), nodding thistle (Carduus nutans), ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) and giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris). Very few of the seeds were viable after being buried for 28 years in a clay soil, while in a sandy soil seeds of the three thistle species remained viable when buried at 200 mm depth. It is estimated that these seeds may remain viable for up to 66 years. AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. AU - Trivedi, P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Benech-Arnold, R.L., Sanchez, R.A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B.C., Ghersa, M.M., Environmental control of dormancy in weed seedbanks in soil (2000) Field Crops Research, 67, pp. 105-122; Benvenuti, S., MacChia, M., Miele, S., Quantitative analysis of emergence of seedlings from buried weed seeds with increasing soil depth (2001) Weed Science, 49, pp. 528-535; Bourdôt, G.W., Saville, D.J., Estimating economic losses due to pasture weeds (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 106-110; Bumside, O.C., Wilson, R.G., Weisberg, S., Hubbard, K.G., Weed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in eastern and western Nebraska (1996) Weed Science, 44, pp. 74-86; Dawson, J.H., Bruns, V.F., Longevity of barnyard grass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail seeds in soil (1975) Weed Science, 23, pp. 437-440; Harvey, I.C., Bourdôt, Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris 1.) control in dairy pasture using a mycoherbicide based on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 120-124; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Wardle, D.A., Bonner, K.I., Survival of nodding thistle (Carduus nutans) seed buried at different depths in four soils (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 33-37; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Survival of giant buttercup seed buried at different soil depths in four soils (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 234-239; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Longevity of buried ragwort seed in four soils (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 253-257; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Longevity of buried Cirsium arvense seed in four New Zealand soils (2001) Proceedings of the 18th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 33-38; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Survival of Scotch thistle seed buried at three depths in four New Zealand soils (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 113-117; Moore, W.B., Doyle, C.J., Rahman, A., Economics of controlling Carduus nutans on grazed pasture in New Zealand (1989) Crop Protection, 8, pp. 16-24; Steiner, A.M., Ruckenbauer, P., Germination of 110-year-old cereal and weed seeds, the Vienna Sample of 1877. Verification of effective ultra-dry storage at ambient temperature (1995) Seed Science Research, 5, pp. 195-199; Telewski, F.W., Zeevaart, J.A.D., The 120-yr period for Dr. Beal's seed viability experiment (2002) American Journal of Botany, 89, pp. 1285-1288 PY - 2010 SP - 84-89 ST - Germination of seed from five broadleaf weeds after burial for up to 28 years in two soils T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Germination of seed from five broadleaf weeds after burial for up to 28 years in two soils UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955827423&partnerID=40&md5=58d7dcc67f4b17c8b0f727abb9c9e3be VL - 63 ID - 341 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Australian citrus whitefly (ACWF) was first detected in Auckland in 2000 and has since spread to Kerikeri, Gisborne and Bay of Plenty, where it is causing sooty mould on a range of citrus varieties. Although classical biological control is being considered for long-term management of this pest, insecticidal control is required in the short term. In a laboratory bioassay, crawlers and young nymphs were the most susceptible life stages to insecticides, while pupae and eggs were very tolerant. Foliar applications of 11 insecticides and one soil-applied insecticide were tested in a potted plant trial targeting crawlers and young nymphs. Ten weeks after application, diazinon, endosulfan and a soil application of imidacloprid had reduced infestations to nil. Other effective products after 12 weeks were bifenthrin, spirotetramat, pyrethrin, buprofezin, azadirachtin, maldison, pyriproxifen and mineral oil. Foliar applications of pymetrozine, avermectin or soap did not significantly reduce numbers of ACWF compared with untreated plants at 12 weeks after application. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Curtis, C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Carver, M., Reid, I.A., (1996) Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) of Australia. Systematic Catalogue, Host Plant Spectra, Distribution, Natural Enemies and Biological Control., p. 55. , CSIRO Division of Entomology, Technical Paper No. 37. CSIRO, Canberra, Australia; (2009) Endosulfan Use Prohibited in New Zealand., , http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/news-events/focus/endosulfan/index.html), (accessed 31 May 2010); (2009) Evaluation Sheet: Candidates for Reassessment Priority Listing., , http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/consultations/ceir/j.pdf, (accessed 31 May 2010); Goolsby, J.A., De Barro, P.F., Kirk, A.A., Sutherst, R., Canas, L., Ciomperlik, M., Ellsworth, P., Vacek, D., Postrelease evaluation of the biological control of Bemisia tabaci biotype "B" in the U.S.A. and the development of predictive tools to guide introductions for other countries (2004) Biological Control, 32, pp. 70-77; Gill, G., Citrus whitefly blows in (2001) Biosecurity, (26), p. 19. , 15 March 2001; Hoddle, M.S., (1999) The Biology and Management of Silverleaf Whitefly, Bemisia Argentifolii Bellows and Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Greenhouse Grown Ornamentals, , http://biocontrol.ucr.edu/bemisia.html, (accessed 31 May 2010); Jamieson, L.E., Charles, J.G., Stevens, P.S., McKenna, C., Bawden, R., Natural enemies of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) in citrus orchards (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 299-305; Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Charles, J., Predation of citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) by Stethorus sp. and Agistemus longisetus (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 317-321; Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Curtis, C., Seasonal phenology of Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplauts citri) in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 69-75; Jamieson, L.E., Curtis, C., Chhagan, A., Thorpe, S., A survey of natural enemies in New Zealand citrus orchards infested with Orchamoplatus citri (2009) 3rd International Symposium of Biological Control of Arthropods, pp. 567-568. , 8-13 February 2009, Christchurch, New Zealand; Liotta, G., Agro, A., Pinto, M., Biological control in citrus groves in the last 50 years: Three successful cases in Western Sicily (2003) International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (OIBC/ OILB, Dijon, France) Bulletin OILB/SROOP, 26 (6), pp. 171-173; Lo, P.L., Chapman, R.B., Predation by Halmus chalybeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Ceroplastes destructor and C. sinensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae) infesting citrus in Northland, New Zealand (2001) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 11, pp. 57-66; Pyle, K., The current status and economic impact of Australian citrus whitefly on New Zealand citrus (2009) Pyle Orchards and Consulting, p. 27. , Report to New Zealand Citrus Growers Inc., Katikati, Tauranga, New Zealand; Robb, K., Costa, H.S., Bethke, J.A., Parella, M.P., (2004) UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries, , UC ANR Publication 3392, University of California, California, U.S.A; Russell, L.M., Orchamoplatus. An Australasian genus (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (1958) Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16, pp. 389-410; Smith, D., Beattie, G.A.C., Broadley, R., (1997) Citrus Pests and Their Natural Enemies: Integrated Pest Management in Australia., p. 272. , Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia; Van Den Berg, Ma., Hoppner, G., Greenland, J., An economic study of the biological control of the spiny blackfly, Aleurocanthus spineferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in a citrus orchard in Swaziland (2000) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10, pp. 27-32; Van Lenteren, J.C., Van Roermund, H.J.W., Sutterlin, S., Biological control of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa: How does it work? (1996) Biological Control, 6, pp. 1-10; Vigianni, G., Carver, M., Cales orchamoplati sp. n. (Hymentoptera: Aphelinidae) from Australia (1988) Journal of Australian Entomological Society, 27, pp. 43-45 PY - 2010 SP - 254-261 ST - The efficacy of insecticides against Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The efficacy of insecticides against Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955785929&partnerID=40&md5=808fd3aa33c7aef6a6b8d00349f419af VL - 63 ID - 350 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Removal of pests on export fruit before packing using high pressure water-washing is used commercially in New Zealand for apples and avocados and has the potential to be extended to other fruits and vegetables. Mealybugs, thrips and mites are intercepted on exported capsicums and the presence of species of quarantine importance results in methyl bromide fumigation, which disrupts export, reduces fruit quality and is costly. The removal of mealybugs from naturally infested capsicums was measured after high pressure waterwashing at 50,75,100,125,150,175 or 200 psi and compared with results from an untreated control. Before treatment, capsicums had an average of 12-37 live mealybugs per fruit. At 3 days after high pressure water-washing, the numbers of live mealybugs on treated capsicums ranged from 3.8 to 11.8 per fruit, resulting in 58-85% reduction. This compared with an average of 44 mealybugs on untreated capsicums at 3 days after treatment. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Olsson, S. AU - Connolly, R. G. AU - McDonald, R. M. AU - Woolf, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bai, J., Mielke, E.A., Chen, P.M., Spotts, R.A., Serdani, M., Hansen, J.D., Neven, L.G., Effect of high-pressure hot-water-washing treatment on fruit quality, insects, and disease in apples and pears: Part I. System description and the effect on fruit quality of d'Anjou' pears (2006) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 40 (3), pp. 207-215; (1992) Statistical Models in S. Wadsworth and Broods/Cole, , Chambers JM, Hastie T J Pacific Grove, California; Honiball, F., Giliomee, J.H., Randall, J.H., Mechanical control of red scale (Aonidiella auranti Mask) on harvested oranges (1979) Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Journal, 549, pp. 17-18; Jamieson, L., Whiting, D.C., Woolf, A.B., White, A., McDonald, R.M., Water-blasting avocados to remove leafroller eggs (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 371-374; McDonald, R.M., (1999) Washer, , NZ Pat. 314528; Olsson, S., O'Donogue, E., Brummell, D., Jamieson, L., McDonald, R., Woolf, A., Effect of high pressure water-washing and hot water drench on postharvest quality of capsicums (2009) Postharvest Pacifica 2009, Australasian Postharvest and Managing Quality in Chains Conference, p. 123. , 15-19 November 2009, Napier, New Zealand; R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2009) R Foundation for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org, R Development Core Team Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0; Walker, G.P., Morse, J.G., Arpaia, M.L., Evaluation of a high-pressure washer for postharvest removal of California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) from citrus fruit (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89 (1), pp. 148-155; Walker, G.P., Zareh, N., Arpaia, M.L., Effect of pressure and dwell time on efficiency of a high-pressure washer for postharvest removal of California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) from citrus fruit (1999) Journal of Economic Entomology, 92 (4), pp. 906-914; Whiting, D.C., Hoy, L.E., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., Effects of high-pressure water jets on armoured scale insects and other contaminants of harvested kiwifruit (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 211-215; Whiting, D.C., Hoy, L.E., Maindonald, J.H., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., High-pressure washing treatments to remove obscure mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and lightbrown apple moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from harvested apples (1998) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91 (6), pp. 1458-1463 PY - 2010 SP - 118-122 ST - High pressure water-washing to remove pests from capsicums T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - High pressure water-washing to remove pests from capsicums UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955810146&partnerID=40&md5=4ae575d342fc11f5a23c4947b379801f VL - 63 ID - 369 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The risk of the appearance or the intensification of a crop disease can be assessed using information about the weather, the pathogen or the crop. Weather data for use in disease risk prediction can be obtained from measurements at a nearby weather station. While weather measurements can represent accurate weather conditions at the site where the weather station is located, these data are representative only of a small area near the station. To obtain weather information over a larger area, spatial interpolation and remote sensing can be used to estimate the likely weather conditions in other locations. It is crucial to obtain weather data at an appropriate temporal resolution (e.g. daily or hourly) for a given disease in order to predict the disease. A weather database system is being constructed to provide high-quality climatic data (e.g. daily temperature, humidity and rainfall), which can be used to quantify the link between weather conditions and disease outbreaks. AU - Kim, K. S. AU - Hill, G. N. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2010), http://www.nsof.class.noaa.gov, accessed 15 April 2010; Coakley, S.M., Scherm, H., Chakraborty, S., Climate change and plant disease management (1999) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 37, pp. 399-426. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.399; (2010), http://www.daymet.org, accessed 15 April 2010; Gleason, M.L., Parker, S.K., Pitblado, R.E., Latin, R.X., Speranzini, D., Hazzard, R.V., Maletta, M.J., Biederstedt, D.L., Validation of a commercial system for remote estimation of wetness duration (1997) Plant Disease, 81, pp. 825-829; Jarvis, C.H., Stuart, N., A comparison among strategies for interpolating maximum and minimum daily air temperatures. Part II: Interaction between number of guiding variables and the type of interpolation method (2001) Journal of Applied Meteorology, 40 (6), pp. 1075-1084; Kabela, E.D., Hornbuckle, B.K., Cosh, M.H., Anderson, M.C., Gleason, M.L., Dew frequency, duration, amount, and distribution in corn and soybean during SMEX05 (2009) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149, pp. 11-24; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., Prediction of disease risk using site-specific estimates of weather variables (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 128-132; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., A costloss analysis to evaluate the value of weather estimates as inputs to a disease risk model (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 296-300; (2010), http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov, LAADS accessed 15 April 2010; Magarey, R.D., Seem, R.C., Russo, J.M., Zack, J.W., Waight, K.T., Travis, J.W., Oudemans, P.V., Site-specific weather information without on-site sensors (2001) Plant Disease, 85, pp. 1216-1226; Meyers, D.E., Spatial interpolation: An overview (1994) Geoderma, 62, pp. 17-28; New, M., Lister, D., Hulme, M., Makin, I., A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas (2002) Climate Research, 21 (1), pp. 1-25; Peterson, G.L., Whitaker, T.B., Stefanski, R.J., Podleckis, E.V., Phillips, J.G., Wu, J.S., Martinez, W.H., A risk assessment model for importation of United State milling wheat containing (2009) Tilletia Contraversa. Plant Disease, 93, pp. 560-573; Pivonia, S., Yang, X.B., Assessment of the potential year-round establishment of soybean rust throughout the world (2004) Plant Disease, 88 (5), pp. 523-529; Rosso, P.H., Hansen, E.M., Predicting Swiss needle cast disease distribution and severity in young Douglas-fir plantations in coastal Oregon (2003) Phytopathology, 93, pp. 790-798; Seem, R.C., Russo, J.M., Simple decision aids for practical control of pests (1984) Plant Disease, 68, pp. 656-660; Snell, S.E., Gopal, S., Kaufmann, R.K., Spatial interpolation of surface air temperatures using artificial neural networks: Evaluating their use for downscaling GCMs (2000) Journal of Climate, 13 (5), pp. 886-895; Sutton, J.C., Gillespie, T.J., Hildebrand, P.D., Monitoring weather factors in relation to plant diseases (1984) Plant Disease, 68, pp. 78-84; Thornton, P.E., Running, S.W., White, M.A., Generating surfaces of daily meteorology variables over large regions of complex terrain (1997) Journal of Hydrology, 190, pp. 214-251; Wan, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, Z.-L., Quality assessment and validation of the MODIS global land surface temperature (2004) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25 (1), pp. 261-274. , DOI 10.1080/0143116031000116417; Wylie, D.P., Menzel, W.P., Woolf, H.M., Strabala, K.I., Four years of global cirrus cloud statistics using HIRS (1994) Journal of Climate, 7, pp. 1972-1986; Weltzien, H.C., Geophytopathology (1972) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 10, pp. 277-298 PY - 2010 SP - 182-186 ST - Remote sensing and interpolation methods can obtain weather data for disease prediction T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Remote sensing and interpolation methods can obtain weather data for disease prediction UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955826478&partnerID=40&md5=3571dc44f6c812b2e79789e5336e176d VL - 63 ID - 344 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ability of New Zealand flower thrips (NZFT) to tolerate cold temperatures was investigated. Thrips were collected from a range of natural sources in Central Otago over 2 years. Some adult NZFT (predominantly females) survived for up to 2 months on peach fruit at 0-1°C; LT50 = 35.4 days and LT99 = 70.7 days. Plant material containing NZFT was exposed for 24 h to -10, -7.5, -5, -2.5 and 0°C and NZFT mortality measured. Irrespective of the time of year when NZFT were collected, mortality was similar after 24 h at -2.5°C to that at 0°C (means = 4.6, 4.7%), but increased with decreasing temperature (mean mortality = 22.5% at -5°C, 66.3% at -7.5°C and 82.0% at -10°C). From -7.5°C downwards, responses to changes in temperature varied between seasons (P<0.01), with autumn adults being less cold-tolerant than those collected in spring. Central Otago winter temperatures would not have threatened the survival of NZFT over the study period. AU - McLaren, G. F. AU - Colhoun, K. M. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Addio-Bediako, A., Chown, S.L., Gaston, K.J., Thermal tolerance, climatic variability and latitude (2000) Proceeding of the Royal Society of London, B 267, pp. 739-745; Chen, C.-P., Walker, V.K., Increase in coldshock tolerance by selection of cold resistant lines in Drosophila melanogaster (1993) Ecological Entomology, 18, pp. 184-190; Finney, D.J., (1971) Probit Analysis, p. 333. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; (2009) GenStat Reference Manual, Release 12 - Part 3, Procedure Library PL20, , GenStat Committee. VSN International, Oxford, UK; (2009) The Guide to GenStat Release 12 - Parts 1-3, , GenStat Committee. VSN International, Oxford, UK; Goto, S.G., Kimura, M.T., Heat- And coldshock responses and temperature adaptations in subtropical and temperate species of Drosophila (1998) Journal of Insect Physiology, 44, pp. 1233-1239; Hoffman, A.A., Sorenson, J.G., Loeschcke, V., Adaptation of Drosophila to temperature extremes: Bringing together quantitative and molecular approaches (2003) Journal of Thermal Biology, 28, pp. 175-216; McCullagh, P., Neider, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, pp. 511+xix. , Chapman & Hall, London; McLaren, G.F., Thrips on nectarines in the spring (1992) Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 111-115; McLaren, G.F., Alspach, P.A., Incidence of New Zealand flower thrips in stonefruit orchards, between flowering and harvest (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 63-68; McLaren, G.F., Fraser, J.A., Upper thermotolerance of New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus (Crawford) (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 204-210; McLaren, G.F., Reid, S., Colhoun, K.M., Long-distance movement of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus Crawford) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) into Central Otago orchards (2010) New Zealand Entomologist, 33, pp. 5-13; Neven, L., Cold hardiness adaptations of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (1999) Cryobiology, 38, pp. 43-50; Ramlov, H., Bedford, J., Leader, J., Freezing tolerance of the New Zealand alpine weta, Hemideina maori Hutton [Orthoptera; Stenopelmatidae] (1992) Journal of Thermal Biology, 17, pp. 51-54; Sejerkilde, M., Sorenson, J.G., Loeschcke, V., Effects of cold- And heat hardening on thermal resistance in Drosophila melanogaster (2003) Journal of Insect Physiology, 49, pp. 719-726; Sinclair, B.J., Seasonal variation in freezing tolerance of the New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (1997) Ecological Entomology, 22, pp. 462-467; Sinclair, B.J., Roberts, S.P., Acclimation, shock and hardening in the cold (2005) Journal of Thermal Biology, 30, pp. 557-562 PY - 2010 SP - 187-194 ST - Seasonal variation in the lower thermotolerance of adult New Zealand flower thrips thrips obscuratus (Crawford) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Seasonal variation in the lower thermotolerance of adult New Zealand flower thrips thrips obscuratus (Crawford) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955815653&partnerID=40&md5=c7d535deae14fe058e722c46e1db574d VL - 63 ID - 360 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Increased environmental awareness has motivated retailers to label products with carbon footprints. This allows consumers to choose products according to their global warming potential. Public concern is also targeting pesticides. Heightened customer sensitivity to residues has already led to a ban on using certain pesticides by European retailers. A tool is needed for assessing the environmental impact of pesticides used for producing a specific product. This paper introduces the concept of the pesticide footprint (PFP), which fills this gap by estimating the total loss of pesticides, and their respective impact on humans and ecosystems, per product unit in a life-cycle framework. The impact assessment considers how these losses affect humans through the consumption of the product containing residues, and ecosystems through the exposure to residues in the environment. The PFP includes the production of the pesticide, its application in the orchard, and the final disposal of waste. AU - Müller, K. AU - Deurer, M. AU - Northcott, G. AU - Clothier, B. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Batchelor, T.A., Walker, J.T.S., Manktelow, D.W.L., Park, N.M., Johnson, S.R., New Zealand integrated fruit production for pipfruit - Charting a new course (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 14-19; Birkved, M., Hauschild, M.Z., PestLCI-A model for estimating field emissions of pesticides in agricultural LCA (2006) Ecological Modelling, 198 (3-4), pp. 433-451. , DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.035, PII S0304380006002535; (2008) PAS 2050: Specification for the Assessment of the Life-cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Goods and Services, , British Standards Institution British Standards Institution, London; Brown, C.D., Hart, A., Lewis, K.A., Dubus, I.G., P-EMA (I): Simulating the environmental fate of pesticides for a farm-level risk assessment system (2003) Agronomie, 23 (1), pp. 67-74; Carson, R., (1962) Silent Spring, , Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; (2008) Comparative Life-cycle Assessment of Food Commodities Procured for UK Consumption Through A Diversity of Supply Chains, , http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module= More&Location=None&ProjectID=15001&FromSearch=Y&Publisher= 1&SearchText=fo0103&SortString=ProjectCode&SortOrder=Asc&Paging= 10#Description, DEFRA Defra Project FO0103 accessed 11 May 2010; Dubus, I.G., Surdyk, N., (2006) State-Of-The-Art on Pesticide Fate Models and Environmental Indicators, p. 39. , www.eu-footprint.org, Report DL#4 of the FP6 EU-funded FOOTPRINT project accessed 11 May 2010 FOOTPRINT 2010. http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/footprint/foot-fs/index.htm accessed 11 May 2010; Goedkoop, M., Spriensma, R., (2002) Eco-indicator 99: A Damage Orientated Method for Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p. 144. , http://www.pre.nl/download/EI99-methodology-v3.pdf, PRé Consultants, Amersford, The Netherlands. accessed 11 May 2010; Gustafson, D.I., Groundwater Ubiquity Score: A simple method for assessing pesticide leachability (1989) Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, 8, pp. 319-357; Hauschild, M., Wenzel, H., (1998) Environmental Assessment of Products., 2, p. 565. , Scientific background. Chapman & Hall, London; Holland, P.T., Rahman, A., (1999) Review of Trends in Agricultural Pesticide Use in New Zealand., p. 53. , ed. Wellington, New Zealand, MAF Policy; (2006) Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework, , ISO 14040 International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland; (2000) Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Life Cycle Impact Assessment, , ISO 14042 International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland; Jarvis, N.J., Hollis, J.M., Lindahl, A.M.L., Stenemo, F., Centofanti, T., Messing, I., Dubus, I.G., Parameterising MACRO for EU-wide predictions (2007) Environmental Fate and Ecological Effects of Pesticides, pp. 998-1005. , Del Re AAM, Capri E, Fragoulis G, Trevisan M ed. La Goliardica Pavese, Italy; Jolliet, O., Margni, M., Charles, R., Humbert, S., Payet, J., Rebitzer, G., Rosenbaum, R., IMPACT 2002+: A new life cycle impact assessment methodology (2003) International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 8 (6), pp. 324-330; Mackay, D., Paterson, S., Evaluating the multimedia fate of organic chemicals (1991) A Level III Fugacity Model. Environmental Science & Technology, 25, pp. 427-436; Manktelow, D., Stevens, P., Walker, J., Gurnsey, S., Park, N., Zabkiewicz, J., Teulon, D., Rahman, A., Trends in pesticide use in New Zealand (2005) HortResearch Client Report, Palmerston North, New Zealand., 2004, p. 78; Margni, M., Rossier, D., Crettaz, P., Jolliet, O., Life cycle impact assessment of pesticides on human health and ecosystems (2002) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 93 (1-3), pp. 379-392. , DOI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00336-X, PII S016788090100336X; Pimentel, D., Levitan, L., Pesticides: Amounts applied and amounts reaching pests (1986) Bio Science, 36, pp. 86-91; Reus, J., Leendertse, P., Bockstaller, C., Fomsgaard, I., Gutsche, V., Lewis, K., Nilsson, C., Seppälä, T., Comparison and evaluation of eight pesticide environmental risk indicators developed in Europe and recommendations for future use (2002) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 90, pp. 177-187; Walker, J.T.S., Park, N.M., Clothier, B.E., Manktelow, D.W.L., Van Den Dijssel, C.W., Hodson, A.J., Barley, M.J., Hodson-Kersey, L.R., Progress in pesticide risk reduction in New Zealand horticulture (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 321-327 PY - 2010 SP - 39-46 ST - Concept for assessing product-related pesticide footprint T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Concept for assessing product-related pesticide footprint UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955785930&partnerID=40&md5=07a5448d105fbc3dbb6c7b2f652bdb02 VL - 63 ID - 335 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grapevine trunk diseases threaten the longevity of vineyard production in New Zealand. This paper provides a summary of the knowledge of the most common fungal grapevine trunk diseases, as well as identifying gaps that require further research. Current knowledge of symptoms, causal organisms, etiology and disease control of botryosphaeria die-back, esca, eutypa die-back and Petri disease are discussed. Additional information about how these diseases may be influenced by different vineyard practices common in New Zealand viticulture is provided. AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Manning, M. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Production of Botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 301-305; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Factors that affect the infection of grapevine tissues with Botryosphaeria species (2009) Phytopathologia Mediterránea, 48 (1), pp. 176-176; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Rainwater dispersal of Botryosphaeria conidia from infected grapevines (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 228-233; Buchanan, P.K., Beever, R.E., Botryosphaeria rot of grapes (1987) Australian Microbiologist, 8, p. 209; Chamberlain, G.C., Willison, R.S., Townshend, J.L., De Ronde, J.H., Two fungi associated with the dead arm disease of grapes (1964) Canadian Journal of Botany, 42 (4), pp. 351-355; Clearwater, L.M., Stewart, A., Jasper, M.V., Black goo fungus, Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum, in declining grapevines in New Zealand (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, p. 448; Edwards, J., Pascoe, I., Occurrence of Phaemoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum associated with Petri disease and esca in Australian grapevines (2004) Australasian Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 273-279; Eskalen, A., Feliciano, A.J., Gubler, W.D., Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds and symptom development in response to infection by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (2007) Plant Disease, 91 (9), pp. 1100-1104; Fourie, P.H., Halleen, F., Occurrence of grapevine trunk disease pathogens in rootstock mother plants in South Africa (2004) Australasian Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 313-315; Giménez-Jaime, A., Aroca, A., Raposo, R., GarcíaJiménez, J., Armengol, J., Occurrence of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine nurseries and the decline of young vines in Spain (2006) Journal of Phytopathology, 154 (10), pp. 598-602; Graham, A.B., Hot water treatment of grapevine rootstock cuttings grown in a cool climate (2007) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 46 (1), p. 124; Graham, A.B., Johnston, P.R., Weir, B.S., Three new Phaeoacremonium species on grapevines in New Zealand (2009) Australasian Plant Pathology, 38 (5), pp. 505-513; Gubler, W.D., Rolshausen, P., Trouillase, F., Urbez, J., Voegel, T., Grapevine trunk diseases in California (2005) Practical Winery & Vineyard., pp. P6-25. , January/February; (2010) NZFUNGI - New Zealand Fungi (And Bacteria) Database, , http://nzfungi.landcareresearch.co.nz/html, Landcare Research (accessed 11 March 2010); Mundy, D.C., Manning, M.A., Vascular disease of grapevines in Marlborough, New Zealand (2007) 16th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference in Conjunction with the 9th Annual Australasian Mycological Society Meeting Back to Basics: Managing Plant Disease, p. 206. , Adelaide, 24-27 September 2007. (Abstract); Mundy, D.C., Casonato, S.G., Manning, M.A., Incidence of fungi isolated from grape trunks in New Zealand vineyards (2009) The Australasian Plant Pathology Society 2009, p. 86. , Newcastle City Hall NSW Australia, (Abstract); Mundy, D.C., Raw, V., Manning, M.A., Preliminary results of grapevine trunk disease monitoring in two vineyards in Marlborough (2009) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 48 (1), pp. 164-164. , New Zealand; Nicholas, P., Magarey, P., Wachtel, M., Diseases and pests (2003) Grape Production Series, p. 106. , Winetitles, Adelaide SA; Pearson, R.C., Goheen, A.C., (1988) Compendium of Grape Diseases, p. 93. , 1st ed. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; Phillips, A.J.L., Fonseca, F., Povoa, V., Castilho, R., Nolasco, G., A reassessment of the anamorphic fungus Fusicoccum luteum and description of its teleomorph Botryosphaeria lutea sp. nov (2002) Sydowia, 54 (1), pp. 59-77; Pitt, W.M., Huang, R., Trouillas, F.P., Steel, C.C., Savocchia S 2010. Evidence that Eutypa lata and other diatrypaceous species occur in New South Wales vineyards Australasian Plant Pathology, 39 (1), pp. 97-106; Pottinger, B., Ridgway, H.J., Sleight, B.E., Stewart, A., Genetic variation within New Zealand populations of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, p. 253; Ridgway, H.J., Sleight, B.E., Stewart, A., Molecular evidence for the presence of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in New Zealand nurseries, and its detection in rootstock mothervines using species-specific PCR (2002) Australasian Plant Pathology, 31 (3), pp. 267-271; Rooney-Latham, S., Eskalen, A., Gubler, W.D., Teleomorph formation oí Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, cause of Esca and grapevine decline in California (2005) Plant Disease, 89 (2), pp. 177-184; Scheck, H., Vasquez, S., Fogle, D., Gubler, W.D., Grape growers report losses to black-foot and grapevine decline (1998) California Agriculture, 52 (4), pp. 19-23; Sun, Q., Rost, T.L., Matthews, M.A., Woundinduced vascular occlusions in Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae): Tyloses in summer and gels in winter (2008) American Journal of Botany, 95 (12), pp. 1498-1505; Surico, G., (2008) Towards A More Precise Definition of Esca. 6th International Workshop on Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Esca and Grapevine Declines, p. 29. , Florence, Italy, 1-3 September 2008. (Abstract); Surico, G., Mugnai, L., Marchi, G., The esca disease complex (2008) Integrated Management of diseases Caused by Fungi, Phytoplasma and Bacteria, pp. P119-136. , Ciancio A, Mukerji KG ed; Weir, B.S., Graham, A.B., Simultaneous identification of multiple fungal pathogens and endophytes with database t-RFLP (2009) Phytopathologia Mediterránea, 48 (1), pp. 163-164; Whiteman, S.A., Jaspers, M.V., Stewart, A., Ridgway, H.J., Detection of phaeomoniella chlamydospora in soil using species-specific PCR (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 139-145; Whiteman, S.A., Stewart, A., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Infection of rootstock mothervines by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora results in infected young grapevines (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36 (2), pp. 198-203 PY - 2010 SP - 160-166 ST - Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand: A review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand: A review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955828735&partnerID=40&md5=6e8eb70009d7825b0a3b752cc4bdff38 VL - 63 ID - 365 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Single-node plantlets were evaluated as a model system for experiments on grapevine trunk diseases. Experiments were conducted to determine how to grow the plantlets, how Botryosphaeria sp. and Eutypa lata symptoms were expressed in the plantlets compared with field-grown plants, and how the detached single-node plantlets (from living canes) responded compared with canes attached to vines under controlled conditions. Single-node plantlets could be grown in distilled water for up to 6 months. Under controlled conditions, significantly longer lesions formed on the single-node plantlets than on attached canes, suggesting that the single-node system may be more sensitive to infection than whole vines. The system shows promise for use in initial experiments on trunk diseases, before field experiments are conducted, but further work is required to validate the method. AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Robertson, S. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Production of Botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 301-305; Coombe, B.G., Dry, P.R., Viticulture (1992) Practices. Winetitles, 2, p. 376. , Adelaide; Edwards, J., Pascoe, I.G., Occurrence of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum associated with Petri disease and esca in Australian grapevines (2004) Australasian Plant Pathology, 33 (2), pp. 273-279; Fourie, P., Halleen, F., Chemical and biological protection of grapevine propagation material from trunk disease pathogens (2006) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 116 (4), pp. 255-265; John, S., Wicks, T.J., Hunt, J.S., Lorimer, M.F., Oakey, H., Scott, E.S., Protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection by Eutypa lata using Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium lateritium (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34 (4), pp. 569-575; Mundy, D.C., Casonato, S.G., Manning, M.A., Incidence of fungi isolated from grape trunks in New Zealand vineyards (2009) The Australasian Plant Pathology Society 2009, p. 86. , Newcastle City, NSW, Australia, (Abstract); Mundy, D.C., Casonato, S.G., Manning, M.A., Sampling techniques for isolating trunk disease fungi from a Nelson vineyard (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 406. , (Abstract); Mundy, D.C., Manning, M.A., Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand: A review (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 160-166; Pitt, W.M., Huang, R., Trouillas, F.P., Steel, C.C., Savocchia, S., Evidence that Eutypa lata and other diatrypaceous species occur in New South Wales vineyards (2010) Australasian Plant Pathology, 39 (1), pp. 97-106; Sun, Q., Rost, T.L., Matthews, M.A., Woundinduced vascular occlusions in Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae): Tyloses in summer and gels in winter (2008) American Journal of Botany, 95 (12), pp. 1498-1505; Strong, N., Webber, J., Eaton, R., Factors affecting the fungal colonization of pine lumber (2005) Forest Pathology, 35 (3), pp. 195-203; Wurms, K.V., George, M.P., Lauren, D.R., Involvement of phenolic compounds in host resistance against Botrytis cinerea in leaves of the two commercially important kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa) cultivars (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31, pp. 221-233 PY - 2010 SP - 167-173 ST - Evaluation of single-node plantlets as a model system for grapevine trunk diseases T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of single-node plantlets as a model system for grapevine trunk diseases UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955833753&partnerID=40&md5=ec0eb71e300971daf3ebe123bb47f6b2 VL - 63 ID - 362 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An in vitro method was developed to determine the relative pathogenicity of C. macrodidymum, C. liriodendri and C. destructans isolates on grapevine roots. Young feeder roots of similar age and diameter were placed individually into Petri dishes containing water-saturated silica sand, with the basal cut ends of the roots inserted into tubes filled with sterile water. Three isolates each of C. macrodidymum and C. liriodendri and two of C. destructans were inoculated as mycelial plugs onto the wounded roots, three replicates per isolate. After 1 month, all inoculated roots had dark brown lesions (range of lengths 28.7-40.4 mm) that were significantly different between isolates, with an isolate of C. liriodendri having the longest lesions and an isolate of C. destructans the shortest This assay provides a rapid in vitro method to screen large numbers of Cylindrocarpon spp. isolates. AU - Pathrose, B. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Ridgway, H. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alaniz, S., Armengol, J., León, M., García-Jiménez, J., Abad-Campos, P., Analysis of genetic and virulence diversity of Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. macrodidymum associated with black foot disease of grapevine (2009) Mycological Research, 113 (1), pp. 16-23; Halleen, F., Schroers, H.J., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Novel species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon gen. nov. associated with black foot disease of grapevines (Vitis spp.) (2004) Studies in Mycology, 50, pp. 431-455; Halleen, F., Crous, P.W., Groenewald, J.Z., ITS phylogeny of cylindrocarpon spp. causal agent of black foot disease of grapevine (2004) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 43, pp. 146-147; Halleen, F., Schroers, H.J., Groenewald, J.Z., Rego, C., Oliveira, H., Crous, P.W., Neonectria liriodendri sp. nov., the main causal agent of black foot disease of grapevines (2006) Studies in Mycology, 55 (1), p. 227; Petit, E., Gubler, W.D., Characterization of Cylindrocarpon species, the cause of black foot disease of grapevine in California (2005) Plant Disease, 89 (10), pp. 1051-1059; Probst, C.M., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Pathogenicity of the different Cylindrocarpon species on grapevines in New Zealand (2007) Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference, p. 33. , Adelaide, Australia, 24-27 September 2007. (Abstract); Yoo, S., Cho, J., Jo, J., Yu, S., Effect of physical and chemical factors on the formation and germination of chlamydospores of Cylindrocarpon destructans causing root rot of Panax ginseng (1996) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 12 (4), pp. 422-427 PY - 2010 SP - 24-27 ST - Development of a grapevine detached root assay for assessing pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon spp T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of a grapevine detached root assay for assessing pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon spp UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955828737&partnerID=40&md5=73c80004a9ecb0a641402c10d366bdf4 VL - 63 ID - 349 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Porotermes adamsoni (Australian dampwood termite) has been intercepted on infested timber of Australian origin at ports in New Zealand on numerous occasions. Porotermes adamsoni attacks dead and living trees (principally Eucalyptus species). There are three known extant colonies of P. adamsoni in New Zealand, Lyttelton in Canterbury, and Kaipara Flats and Newmarket in Auckland. Surveillance operations to delimit the extent of the termite incursion at Kaipara Flats and Newmarket are outlined. Biosecurity considerations are discussed. AU - Pearson, H. G. AU - Bennett, S. J. AU - Philip, B. A. AU - Jones, D. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bain, J., Jenkins, M.J., Kalotermes bansiae, Glyptotermes brevicornis, and other termites (Isoptera) in New Zealand (1983) New Zealand Entomologist, 7, pp. 365-370; Bain, J., Organism impact assessment for the Australian dampwood termite Porotermes adamsoni in New Zealand (2008) Report to Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity New Zealand, p. 19. , Wellington, New Zealand; Elliott, H.J., Bashford, R., Incidence and effects of the dampwood termite, Porotermes adamsoni, in two Tasmanian east coast eucalypt forests (1984) Australian Forestry, 47, pp. 11-15; Ewart, D., Management options for the Australian dampwood termite Porotermes adamsoni in New Zealand (2009) Report to Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity New Zealand, p. 27. , Wellington, New Zealand; Haddlington, P., (1987) Australian Termites and Other Common Timber Pests, p. 126. , University of New South Wales Press Ltd, Sydney, Australia; Kliejunas, J.T., Burdsall Jr., H.H., DeNito, G.A., Eglitis, A., Haugen, D.A., Harverty, M.I., Micales, J.A., Powell, M.R., Pest risk assessment of the importation into the United States of unprocessed logs and chips of eighteen eucalypt species from Australia (2003) General Technical Report: FPL-137, p. 206. , United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison WI; (1991) Register of Introduced Termites into New Zealand, p. 17. , MAF MAF Regulatory Authority Forestry Original Compilation, Wellington, New Zealand; (2000) MAFBNZ Plant Pest Information Network (PPIN) Database; PHA 16237 PHO1, , MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand; (2008) New Zealand Forestry Industry Facts & Figures 2007/2008, , http://www.maf.govt.nz/statistics/forestry/other-forestryreleases/ facts-figures/facts-figures-07-08.pdf, MAF (accessed 15 May 2010); Milligan, R.H., Stolotermes ruficeps Brauer, stolotermes inopinus gay (Isoptera: Termopsidae) (1984) New Zealand Wetwood Termites, p. 4. , Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand. New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute Leaflet No. 60; Minko, G., (1965) Termites in Living Pinus Radiata D. Don. Forests Commission Victoria Forestry Technical Papers, 15, pp. 1-3; Nkunika, P.O.Y., Termite species in native eucalypt forest and exotic pine plantations in South Australia (1988) Australian Forestry, 51 (2), pp. 124-127 PY - 2010 SP - 241-247 ST - The Australian dampwood termite, porotermes adamsoni, in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The Australian dampwood termite, porotermes adamsoni, in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955804284&partnerID=40&md5=894b1716fb35aeefc95b6566ebf8b52b VL - 63 ID - 339 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The efficacy of several pre-emergence herbicides on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), smooth witchgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum) and yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) was investigated in different soils in pot experiments. These soils were collected from the top 10 cm of seven maize fields with different cropping histories. The herbicides used were dimethanamid, alachlor, metolachlor, two formulations of acetochlor and proprietary mixes of acetochlor with atrazine or metribuzin. Plastic pots filled with soil were seeded with 10 seeds of individual grass species, and herbicide treatments were then applied with a precision pot sprayer. A further 10 seeds of the same grass species were sown at 2-weekly intervals for 8 weeks to test the duration of residual weed control. The number of emerged seedlings was counted in each pot at 2 weeks after each planting. Metolachlor was the most effective chemical for controlling E. crus-galli and P. dichotomiflorum. For S. pumila, similar levels of control were achieved by all treatments evaluated. Generally, all the herbicides were less effective in soils with a long history of maize growing where up to three times more seedlings emerged than in soils with only 1-2 years of maize cropping. AU - Rahman, A. AU - James, T. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ahmad, R., Rahman, A., Sorption characteristics of atrazine and imazethapyr in soils of New Zealand: Importance of independently determined sorption data (2009) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, pp. 10866-10875; James, T.K., (2008) Characterisation of Herbicide Behaviour in Some Innovative Growing Media, p. 227. , PhD Thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Efficacy of preemergence herbicides on three annual grass weeds in different soils (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 356-362; Krutz, L.J., Burke, I.C., Reddy, K.N., Zablotowicz, R.M., Evidence for cross-adaptation between s-triazine herbicides resulting in reduced efficacy under field conditions (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 1024-1030; Krutz, L.J., Zablotowicz, R.M., Reddy, K.N., Koger, C.H., Weaver, M.A., Enhanced degradation of atrazine under field conditions correlates with loss of weed control in the glasshouse (2007) Pest Management Science, 63, pp. 23-31; Lee, A., Rahman, A., Holland, P.T., Decomposition of the herbicide EPTC in soils with a history of previous EPTC applications (1984) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 27, pp. 201-206; Rahman, A., Burney, B., Whitham, J.M., Manson, B.E., A comparison of the activity of herbicides in peat and mineral soils (1976) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4, pp. 79-84; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Decreased activity of EPTC + R-25788 following repeated use in some New Zealand soils (1983) Weed Science, 31, pp. 783-789; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Field persistence of some maize herbicides in two soils (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 6-10; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Minimising environmental contamination by selecting appropriate herbicide dose (2002) Environmental Protection and Risk Assessment of Organic Contaminants, pp. 209-224. , Kookana RS, Sadler R, Sethunathan N, Naidu R ed Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, USA [ISBN 1-57808-193-9] PY - 2010 SP - 66-71 ST - Herbicide efficacy on three annual grass weeds in soils with different cropping histories T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Herbicide efficacy on three annual grass weeds in soils with different cropping histories UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955801116&partnerID=40&md5=4dcc4d532167c080ac86dccbd5f343cf VL - 63 ID - 336 ER - TY - JOUR AB - European leafminer, Scaptomyza flava (Fallén), is an important pest of brassicas, peas and gypsophila in New Zealand. This study examined the mating behaviour of this species for the first time under laboratory conditions. Males were the active sex in the entire mating behavioural sequence involving approaching, courting and mounting females, and copulation. Copulation lasted for about 20 min. There was no significant difference in precourtship, courtship and mating durations between virgin and mated males. However, mated males were significantly more likely to perform courtship and to achieve mating than virgin ones. It is suggested that males learn from mating experience, which helps them achieve higher mating success. Both virgin and mated males tended to disrupt mating couples but could not separate them. AU - Shakeel, M. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Martin, N. A. AU - Hanan, A. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allen, G.R., Kazmer, D.J., Luck, R.F., Postcopulatory male behavior, sperm precedence and multiple mating in a solitary parasitoid wasp (1994) Animal Behaviour, 48, pp. 635-644; Antony, C., Jallon, J.M., The chemical basis for sex recognition in Drosophila melanogaster (1982) Journal of Insect Physiology, 28, pp. 873-880; Bacigalupe, L., Crudgington, H., Slate, J., Moore, A., Snook, R., Sexual selection and interacting phenotypes in experimental evolution: A study of Drosophila pseudoobscura mating behaviour (2008) Evolution, 62, pp. 1804-1812; Butt, B.A., Sterile insect technique (1991) Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, pp. 295-300. , van der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH ed. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cobb, M., Ferveur, J.-F., Evolution and genetic control of mate recognition and stimulation in Drosophila (1995) Behavioural Processes, 35 (1-3), pp. 35-54. , DOI 10.1016/0376-6357(95)00052-6; Dickson, B., Wired for sex: The neurobiology of Drosophila mating decisions (2008) Science, 322, pp. 904-909; Dukas, R., Experience improves courtship in male fruit flies (2005) Animal Behaviour, 69 (5), pp. 1203-1209. , DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.08.012; Hendrichs, J., Robinson, A.S., Cayol, J.P., Enkerlin, W., Medfly areawide sterile insect technique programmes for prevention, suppression or eradication: The importance of mating behavior studies (2003) Florida Entomologist, 85 (1), pp. 1-13; Hoikkala, A., Crossley, S., Castillo-Melendez, C., Copulatory courtship in Drosophila birchii and D. serrata, species recognition and sexual selection (2000) Journal of Insect Behavior, 13, pp. 361-373; Jiménez-Perez, A., (2003) Reproductive Behaviour of Cnephasia Jactatana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), , PhD Thesis, Massey University, New Zealand; King, B.H., Fischer, C.R., Males mate guard in absentia through extended effects of postcopulatory courtship in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (2005) Journal of Insect Physiology, 51, pp. 1340-1345; Lazareva, A., Roman, G., Mattox, W., Hardin, P., Dauwalder, B., A role for the adult fat body in Drosophila male courtship behaviour (2007) PLoS Genetics, 3, pp. 116-122; Lloyd, J., Mating behaviour and natural selection (1979) Florida Entomologist, 62, pp. 17-34; Markow, T.A., Quaid, M., Kerr, S., Male mating experience and competitive courtship success in Drosophila melanogaster (1978) Nature, 276, pp. 821-822; Noor, M., Environmental effects on male courtship intensity in Drosophila pseudoobscura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) (1997) Journal of Insect Behavior, 10, pp. 305-312; Oguma, Y., Nemoto, T., Kuwahara, Y., A sex pheromone study of a fruit fly Drosophila virilis Sturtevant (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Additive effect of cuticular alkadienes to major sex pheromone (1992) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 27, pp. 499-505; Petfield, D., Chenoweth, S.F., Rundle, H.D., Blows, M.W., Genetic variance in female condition predicts indirect genetic variance in male sexual display traits (2005) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102 (17), pp. 6045-6050. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.0409378102; Pruett-Jones, S., Ward, P., Coyne, J., Mate grasping in Drosophila pegasa (2002) Behaviour, 139, pp. 545-572; Shakeel, M., He, X.Z., Martin, N.A., Hanan, A., Wang, Q., Diurnal periodicity of adult eclosion, mating and oviposition of the European leafminer scaptomyza flava (fallén) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 80-85; Speith, H.T., Courtship behavior in Drosophila (1974) Annual Review of Entomology, 19, pp. 385-405; Tompkins, L., Siegel, R., Gailey, D., Hall, J., Conditioned courtship in Drosophila and its mediation by association of chemical cues (1983) Behavious Genetics, 13, pp. 565-578; Wicker-Thomas, C., Pheromonal communication involved in courtship behavior in Diptera (2007) Journal of Insect Physiology, 53 (11), pp. 1089-1100. , DOI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.07.003, PII S002219100700162X PY - 2010 SP - 108-112 ST - Mating behaviour of the European leafminer Scaptomyza flava (Diptera: Drosophilidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Mating behaviour of the European leafminer Scaptomyza flava (Diptera: Drosophilidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955804602&partnerID=40&md5=654ae7034443e7b718e86ad530ef4213 VL - 63 ID - 374 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The European earwig (Forficula auricularia) is potentially a predator of a number of insect pests in apple orchards. However, its effectiveness as a natural enemy in apple orchards may be compromised by insecticide sprays. A laboratory bioassay of eight insecticides currently used in Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple orchards and one as-yet unregistered product was undertaken to determine their effects on earwigs. Adult earwigs were placed in ventilated containers where they were exposed to insecticide residues on apple leaves and monitored on four occasions over 10 days. Indoxacarb, thiacloprid, spinosad and diazinon caused the greatest mortality to earwigs while carbaryl appeared to be less harmful. Chlorantraniliprole, spirotetramat, emamectin benzoate and methoxyfenozide caused no increased mortality of earwigs compared with the control. Identification and avoidance of harmful insecticides may help to enhance the potential of earwigs as natural enemies in apple orchards. AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bates, D., Maechler, M., (2009) Ime4: Linear Mixed-effects Models Using S4 Classes, , http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4, R package version 0.999375-32; Blommers, L.H.M., Integrated pest management in European apple orchards (1994) Annual Review of Entomology, 39, pp. 213-241; Bozsik, A., Francis, F., Gaspar, C., Haubruge, E., Effect of some insecticides on acetylcholinesterase from beneficial insects: Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea and Forficula auricularia (2002) Mededelingen, 67 (3), pp. 671-677; Buxton, J., (1974) The Biology of the European Earwig, Forficula Auricularia L., with Reference to Its Predatory Activities on the Damsonhop Aphid, Phorodon Humuli (Shrank), , PhD Thesis, University of London; Carroll, D.P., Hoyt, S.C., Augmentation of European earwigs (Dermaptera: Forticulidae) for biological control of apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in an apple orchard (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 738-740; Causse, R., Etude de la localisation et de la mortalité hivernale des larves de Laspeyresia pomonella L. (Lepodoptera, Tortricidae) en vergers modernes de pommiers de la basse vallée du Rhone (1976) Annals de Zoologie, Ecologie, Animale., 8, pp. 83-101; Epstein, D.L., Zack, R.S., Brunner, J.F., Gut, L., Brown, J.J., Effects of broad-spectrum insecticides on epigeal arthropod biodiversity in pacific northwest apple orchards (2000) Environmental Entomology, 29 (2), pp. 340-348; Gobin, B., Moerkens, R., Herwig Leirs, H., Peusens, G., Earwigs in fruit orchards: Phenology predicts prédation effect and vulnerability to side-effects of orchard management (2008) IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 35, pp. 35-39; McLeod, J.H., Chant, D.A., Notes on the parasitism and food habits of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) (1952) Canadian Entomologist, 84, pp. 343-345; Maher, B.J., Logan, D.P., Connolly, P.G., Effect of mineral oil and diazinon residues on the predator European earwig, Forficula auricularia, in kiwifruit (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 202-207; Mueller, T.F., Blommers, L.H.M., Mois, P.J.M., Earwig (Forficula auricularia) predation on the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (1988) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 47, pp. 145-152; Nicholas, A.H., Spooner-Hart, R.N., Vickers, R.A., Abundance and natural control of the woolly aphid Eriosoma lanigerum in an Australian apple orchard IPM programme (2005) BioControl, 50, pp. 271-291; Peusens, G., Gobin, B., Side effects of pesticides on the European earwig Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) (2008) Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms, IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 35, pp. 40-43; Phillips, M.L., (1981) The Ecology of the Common Earwig Forficula Auricularia in Apple Orchards., , PhD thesis, University of Bristol; Püntener, W., (1981) Manual for Field Trials in Plant Protection, Second Edition, , Agricultural Division, Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basle, Switzerland; Ravensberg, W.J., The natural enemies of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), and their susceptibility to diflubenzuron (1981) Meddedelingen Van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 46, pp. 437-441; (2009) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org, R Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3- 900051-07-0; Solomon, M.G., Cross, J.V., Fitzgerald, J.D., Campbell, C.A.M., Jolly, R.L., Olszak, R.W., Niemczyk, E., Vogt, H., Biocontrol of pests of apples and pears in northern and central Europe - 3. Predators (2000) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10 (2), pp. 91-128; Wearing, C.H., Attfield, B.A., Colhoun, K., Woolly apple aphid in Otago IFP: Impacts of Match and Pirimor (1999) Management of Woolly Apple Aphid in IFP: Research Report to ENZA, 26p. , Walker J, Wearing CH, Bradley S, Shaw P ed. HortResearch Client Report 2002/106 PY - 2010 SP - 55-59 ST - Susceptibility of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, to insecticide residues on apple leaves T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Susceptibility of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, to insecticide residues on apple leaves UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955778608&partnerID=40&md5=7742ac0daac567ddb0253a372e35f29b VL - 63 ID - 337 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The National Invasive Ant Surveillance is conducted annually around ports and other high-risk areas to detect new ant incursions into New Zealand. Currently, non-sticky food-baited vials are used to trap ants. The ability of a sticky bait trap to trap multiple ant species at baits was tested, under the hypothesis that a sticky trap would reduce the role of competitive exclusion at food sources, a drawback of food baiting. Furthermore, the role of food type, sugar, protein and a combination of both foods, on ant catch was examined. Although only 4% of traps caught multiple species, this incidence was five times greater in the sticky-bait than food-only vials. The combined food source traps caught ants more often than the single food source traps. The refinement of ant monitoring traps will aid surveillance managers in the future. AU - Stringer, L. D. AU - Suckling, D. M. AU - Mattson, L. T. W. AU - Peacock, L. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbott, K.L., Green, P.T., Collapse of an ant-scale mutualism in a rainforest on Christmas Island (2007) Oikos, 116, pp. 1238-1246; Abbott, K.L., Greaves, S.N.J., Ritchie, P.A., Lester, P.J., Behaviourally and genetically distinct populations of an invasive ant provide insight into invasion history and impacts on a tropical ant community (2007) Biological Invasions, 9, pp. 453-463; Abril, S., Oliveras, J., Gomez, C., Foraging activity and dietary spectrum of the Argentine ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in invaded natural areas of the northeast Iberian Peninsula (2007) Environmental Entomology, 36, pp. 1166-1173; Cerdá, X., Retana, J., Cros, S., Thermal disruption of transitive hierarchies in Mediterranean ant communities (1997) Journal of Animal Ecology, 66, pp. 363-374; Charles, J.G., Suckling, D.M., Allan, D.J., Froud, K.J., Dentener, P.R., Connolly, P., Verberne, H., The distribution of Argentine ants in New Zealand: Can a ten-year old decision not to eradicate be re-visited? (2002) Defending the Green Oasis: New Zealand Biosecurity and Science, pp. 109-124. , Goldson SL, Suckling DM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Lincoln, New Zealand; Crooks, J.A., Lag times and exotic species: The ecology and management of biological invasions in slow-motion (2005) Ecoscience, 12, pp. 316-329; Crooks, J.A., Soulé, M.E., Lag times in population explosions of invasive species: Causes and implications (1999) Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management., pp. 103-125. , Sandlund OT, Schei PJ, Viken Å ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; Davidson, D.W., Resource discovery versus resource domination in ants: A functional mechanism for breaking the trade off (1998) Ecological Entomology, 23, pp. 484-490; Delabie, J.H.C., Fisher, B.L., Majer, J.D., Wright, I.W., Sampling effort and choice of methods (2000) Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity., pp. 145-154. , Agosti D, Majer JD, Alonso LE, Schultz TR, ed. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, USA; Fellers, J.H., Interference and exploitation in a guild of woodland ants (1987) Ecology, 68, pp. 1466-1478; Hulme, P.E., Beyond control: Wider implications for the management of biological invasions (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, pp. 835-847; (2010), http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biocons/invertebrates/Ants.asp, (accessed 14 April 2010); LaPolla, J.S., Brady, S.G., Shattuck, S.O., Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genusgroup of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2010) Systematic Entomology, 35, pp. 118-131; McGlynn, T.P., Non-native ants are smaller than related native ants (1999) American Naturalist, 154, pp. 690-699; McGlynn, T.P., Do Lanchester's laws of combat describe competition in ants? (2000) Behavioral Ecology, 11, pp. 686-690; Nendick, D., Sarty, M., O'Conner, S., Rechenberg, G., Skucek, R., Vanderwoude, C., Weston, G., Pacific off-shore container management programme (2006) Biosecurity Magazine, (70), pp. 4-6. , Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand; O'Dowd, D.J., Green, P.T., Lake, P.S., Invasional 'meltdown' on an oceanic island (2003) Ecology Letters, 6, pp. 812-817; Palmer, T.M., Spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition and coexistence in an African Acacia ant guild (2003) Ecology, 84, pp. 2843-2855; Sagata, K., Lester, P.J., Behavioural plasticity associated with propagule size, resources, and the invasion success of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 19-27; Simberloff, D., Invasional meltdown 6 years later: Important phenomenon, unfortunate metaphor, or both? (2006) Ecology Letters, 9, pp. 912-919; Simberloff, D., Gibbons, L., Now you see them, now you don't! - Population crashes of established introduced species (2004) Biological Invasions, 6, pp. 161-172; Stanley, M., Ward, D., Harris, R., Arnold, G., Toft, R., Rees, J., Optimizing pitfall sampling for the detection of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2008) Sociobiology, 51, pp. 461-472; Stringer, L.D., Lester, P.J., The ant community response to the arrival of Monomorium sydneyense Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at Sulphur Point, Tauranga, New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 35, pp. 53-61; Stringer, L.D., Haywood, J., Lester, P.J., The influence of temperature and fine-scale resource distribution on resource sharing and domination in an ant community (2007) Ecological Entomology, 32, pp. 732-740; Stringer, L.D., Stephens, A.E.A., Suckling, D.M., Charles, J.G., Ant dominance in urban areas (2009) Urban Ecosystems, 12, pp. 503-514; Ward, D.F., Green, C., Harris, R.J., Hartley, S., Lester, P.J., Stanley, M.C., Suckling, D.M., Toft, R.J., Twenty years of Argentine ants in New Zealand: Past research and future priorities for applied management (2010) New Zealand Entomologist, 33, pp. 68-78; Whitney, K.D., Gabler, C.A., Rapid evolution in introduced species, 'invasive traits' and recipient communities: Challenges for predicting invasive potential (2008) Diversity and Distributions, 14, pp. 569-580; Wilson, E.O., (1971) The Insect Societies., p. 548. , Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA; Wolf, H., Wehner, R., Pinpointing food sources: Olfactory and anemotactic orientation in desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis (2000) Journal of Experimental Biology, 203, pp. 857-868 PY - 2010 SP - 248-253 ST - Improving ant-surveillance trap design to reduce competitive exclusion T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Improving ant-surveillance trap design to reduce competitive exclusion UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955826807&partnerID=40&md5=0526abe650fc0e19f3914198010b0049 VL - 63 ID - 370 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Manuka beetles (Pyronota sp.; Scarabaeidae) are serious and persistent pests of dairy pastures on Cape Foulwind, Westport. When a selection of scarab-active fungal isolates were tested against 3 rd instar larvae of two Pyronota species, a locally sourced Beauveria brongniartii (F636) isolate consistently achieved the fastest and highest levels of larval mortality. Topical application of F636 caused an average of 80% larval mortality 6 weeks post-treatment. Mortality was shown to be dose rate dependent for both Pyronota species. When treatments were applied by incorporating rice grains colonised by the fungus into soil, simulating field application, F636 again produced the fastest and highest levels of larval mortalities, averaging 70% 6 weeks post-application. Mortalities of both Pyronota species reached 100% after 8 weeks when the assay medium was a grey sand based soil (ex Cape Foulwind). Isolate F636 shows promise as a biological control agent for this pest and field trials have been carried out in the autumn of 2010. AU - Townsend, R. J. AU - Nelson, T. L. AU - Jackson, T. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Chapman, R.B., Pasture pests (1984) New Zealand Pest and Beneficial Insects., pp. 119-142. , Scott RR ed. The Caxton Press, Christchurch, New Zealand; Glare, T.R., Townsend, R.J., Young, S.D., Temperature limitations on field effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae against Costelytra zealandica(White)(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Canterbury (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 266-270; Kessler, P., Matzke, H., Keller, S., The effect of application time and soil factors on the occurrence of Beauveria brongniartii applied as a biological control agent in soil (2003) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 84 (1), pp. 15-23; Miln, A.J., Carpenter, A., Bates, L.H., Insecticidal control of manuka beetle (1983) Proceedings of the 36 th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 203-206; Thomson, N.A., Rys, G., Carpenter, A., Control of manuka beetle (1978) Proceedings of the 31 st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 164-166; Thomson, N.A., Miln, A.J., Kain, W.M., Biology of manuka beetle in Taranaki (1979) Proceedings of the 32 nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 80-85; Townsend, R.J., Jackson, T.A., Biocontrol - A possible option to control manuka beetle (Pyronota spp.) causing pasture damage on dairy farms on the West Coast (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 388. , Abstract only PY - 2010 SP - 224-228 ST - Beauveria brongniartii - A potential biocontrol agent for use against manuka beetle larvae damaging dairy pastures on Cape Foulwind T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Beauveria brongniartii - A potential biocontrol agent for use against manuka beetle larvae damaging dairy pastures on Cape Foulwind UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955826477&partnerID=40&md5=c3f5af172a8660ed499bf07f33f229e2 VL - 63 ID - 352 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Poor pasture persistence and ingress of weedy species are major concerns for farmers. The seedbank gives an indication of what weedy species may establish in pastures and compete with sown species. It was hypothesised that the above-ground composition reflects the seedbank. The seedbank was sampled and botanical assessments were undertaken during October-November 2009 in Northland, Waikato, Taranaki and North Canterbury. Above-ground botanical composition did not reflect the weed seedbank composition in any of the regions assessed. While cover of grasses was greater than legumes and herbs above-ground, weedy herbs were most dominant in the seedbank, followed by grasses then legumes. There was no emergence of sown grass from the seedbank, highlighting the lack of a persistent sown grass seedbank, which may contribute to poor pasture persistence. AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Barker, G. M. AU - Cameron, C. A. AU - James, T. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, C.C., Subtropical seed-bank of a Bay of Plenty dairy farm (1995) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 57, pp. 59-61; Edwards, G.R., Hay, M.J.M., Brock, J.L., Seedling recruitment dynamics of forage and weed species under continuous and rotational sheep grazing in a temperate New Zealand pasture (2005) Grass and Forage Science, 60, pp. 186-199; Howe, C.D., Chancellor, R.J., Factors affecting the viable seed content of soils beneath lowland pastures (1983) Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, pp. 915-922; Hume, D.E., Barker, D.J., Natural reseeding of five grass species in summer dry hill country (1991) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 53, pp. 97-104; L'Huillier, P.J., Aislabie, D.W., Natural reseeding in perennial ryegrass/white clover dairy pastures (1987) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 49, pp. 111-115; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Grbavac, N., Mellsop, J., Evaluation of two methods for enumerating the soil weed seedbank (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 175-180; Sanderson, Ma., Goslee, S.C., Klement, K.D., Soder, K.J., Soil seed bank composition in pastures of diverse mixtures of temperate forages (2007) Agronomy Journal, 99, pp. 1514-1520; Thom, E.R., Waugh, C.D., McCabe, R.J., Growth and persistence of perennial and hybrid ryegrasses when grazed by dairy cows in the central Waikato region of New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 41, pp. 477-486; Tozer, K.N., James, T.K., Cameron, C.A., Changes in Setaria pumila abundance after drought: Implications for pasture management (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 121-126 PY - 2010 SP - 90-95 ST - Relationship between seedbank and above-ground botanical composition during spring T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Relationship between seedbank and above-ground botanical composition during spring UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955797126&partnerID=40&md5=6ec4fd332672ccc2f298d22a3abb1191 VL - 63 ID - 334 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit, a disease that affects both Actinidia deliciosa and A. chinensis. This disease has been reported in Japan, Korea and Italy. It has never been found in New Zealand. An outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit has been recently reported in Latina, Italy. Strains isolated from this outbreak were compared with strains isolated from Japan, Korea and strains isolated from Italy in 1992. The specificity of the primers PsaFl/R2 and their usefulness in identifying strains of Psa were confirmed in this study. Fingerprinting by BOX-PCR allowed the distinction of strains of Psa tested from strains of the closely related pathovar theae. However, two different profiles were obtained for strains of Psa. Two haplotypes for the housekeeping gene cts (gltA) were also found among strains of Psa. Such variability might be used for further epidemiological studies. AU - Vanneste, J. L. AU - Yu, J. AU - Cornish, D. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :30 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Balestra, G.M., Mazzaglia, A., Quattruci, A., Renzi, M., Rossetti, A., Current status of bacterial canker spread on kiwifruit in Italy (2009) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4, pp. 34-36; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae as causal agent of bacterial canker of yellow kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planchón) in Central Italy (2009) Journal of Phytopathology, 157, pp. 768-770; Gilbert, V., Legros, F., Maraite, H., Bultreys, A., Genetic analyses of Pseudomonas syringae isolates from Belgian fruit orchards reveal genetic variability and isolate-host relationship within the pathovar syringae, and help identify both races of the pathovar morsprunorum (2009) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 124, pp. 199-218; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Koh, J.K., Lee, D., Canker of kiwifruit by Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum (1992) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 8, pp. 119-122; Lelliot, R.A., Billing, E., Hayward, A.C., A determinative scheme for the fluorescent plant pathogenic Pseudomonads (1966) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 29, pp. 470-489; Lindow, S.E., Amy, D.C., Upper, C.D., Erwinia herbicola: A bacterial ice nucleus active in increasing frost injury to corn (1978) Phytopathology, 68, pp. 523-527; Louws, F.J., Fulbright, D.W., Stephens, C.T., De Bruijn, F.J., Specific genomic fingerprints of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas pathovars and strains generated with repetitive sequences and PCR (1994) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60, pp. 2286-2295; Marques, A.S.A., Marchaison, A., Gardan, L., Samson, R., BOX-PCR-based identification of bacterial species belonging to Pseudomonas syringae - P. viridiflava group (2008) Genetics and Molecular Biology, 31, pp. 106-115; Morris, C.E., Sands, D.C., Vanneste, J.L., Montarry, J., Oakley, B., Guilbaud, C., Glaux, C., Inferring the evolutionary history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae from its biogeography in headwaters of rivers in North America (2010) Europe and New Zealand. MBio., , In press; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Sarkar, S.F., Guttman, D.S., Evolution of the core genome of Pseudomonas syringae, a highly clonal, endemic plant pathogen (2004) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, pp. 1999-2012; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Takikawa, Y., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Occurrence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Japan: Description of symptoms, isolation of the pathogen and screening of bactericides (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 427-436; Scortichini, M., Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on kiwifruit in Italy (1994) Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 1035-1038; Scortichini, M., Marchesi, U., Di Prospero, P., Genetic relatedness among Pseudomonas avellanae, P. syringae pv. theae and P.s. pv. actinidiae, and their identification (2002) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 108, pp. 269-278; Takikawa, Y., Ando, Y., Hamaya, E., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Identification of the pathogens responsible for bacteriosis of tea plant occurred in 1983 (1988) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 54, pp. 224-228; Vanneste, J.L., Paulin, J.P., Expert, D., Bacteriophage Mu as a genetic tool to study Erwinia amylovora pathogenicity and hypersensitive reaction on tobacco (1990) Journal of Bacteriology, 172, pp. 932-941; Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Yu, J., Morris, C.E., The application of polymerase chain reaction for characterising strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from New Zealand Rivers (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 256-261; Wilson, M., Lindow, S.E., Interactions between the biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 and Erwinia amylovora in pear blossoms (1993) Phytopathology, 83, pp. 117-123 PY - 2010 SP - 7-14 ST - Molecular characterisations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Molecular characterisations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955829966&partnerID=40&md5=2d93458659a3681ab5313e628328cf16 VL - 63 ID - 363 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two field trials, autumn- and spring-sown, with seven fungicide treatments and three wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance to Puccinia striiformis, the cause of stripe rust, were carried out at Lincoln during the 2009-2010 growing season to assess the value of utilising disease resistance within an integrated wheat disease management strategy. The development of stripe rust was monitored during the season. The resistant cultivar CFR02-452 was free of stripe rust in all treatments, including the no fungicide treatment. There was more disease in the autumn-sown trial than in the spring-sown trial. The moderately resistant cultivar Torlesse had less stripe rust than the susceptible cultivar Claire in both trials and negligible disease in the spring-sown trial. In cultivar Claire for both trials, two fungicide applications that started before disease was present provided disease control that was similar to four applications, but fungicide applications that commenced once the disease had established provided little control of stripe rust. AU - Viljanen-Rollinson, J. S. L. H. AU - Marroni, M. V. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Johnson, R., Durable resistance: Definition of genetic control, and attainment in plant breeding (1981) Phytopathology, 71, pp. 567-568; Line, R.F., Chen, X.M., Successes in breeding for and managing durable resistance to wheat rusts (1995) Plant Disease, 79, pp. 1254-1255; Madden, L.V., Hughes, G., Van Den Bosch, F., (2007) The Study of Plant Disease Epidemics., p. 421. , The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota USA; McIntosh, R.A., Wellings, C.R., Park, R.F., (1995) Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes, p. 200. , Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; Thomas, M.R., Cook, R.J., King, J.E., Factors affecting development of Septoria tritici in winter wheat and its effect on yield (1989) Plant Pathology, 38 (2), pp. 246-257; Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Marroni, M.V., Butler, R.C., Wheat stripe rust control using fungicides in New Zealand (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 155-159; Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Parkes, R.A., Armour, T., Cromey, M.G., Fungicide control of stripe rust in wheat: Protection or eradication? (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 336-340; Zadoks, J.C., Chang, T.T., Konzak, C.F., A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals (1974) Weed Research, 14, pp. 415-421 PY - 2010 SP - 145-150 ST - Benefits from plant resistance in reducing reliance on fungicides in cereal disease management T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Benefits from plant resistance in reducing reliance on fungicides in cereal disease management UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955823824&partnerID=40&md5=ad300d844ea6a06ef320511e9e70cce8 VL - 63 ID - 373 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Resistance to ripe rot (Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae) in kiwifruit is likely to be controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL). Accurate phenotyping of ripe rot resistance is crucial to locating QTL on the kiwifruit genomic linkage map, and may facilitate identification of candidate genes for breeding. A detached fruit assay was developed to compare resistance to ripe rot in the mapping population. Fruit, at or near eating ripeness, were inoculated by inserting mycelial plugs (3 mm diameter) under shallow skin flaps, and then lesion development was monitored at 20°C. Results suggested that resistance was quantitative. Assay variability was reduced by pipetting spore inoculum into uniform wounds (5 mm) in the fruit surface. Preliminary analysis using single marker t-tests showed that marker Ke316, which may be involved in acyl lipid metabolism/transfer, was associated with ripe rot susceptibility. The association weakened as more genotypes were tested, and more analyses are necessary to determine whether Ke316 detects an actual QTL and/or if further QTLs are detectable. AU - Wurms, K. V. AU - Reglinski, T. AU - Chee, A. A. AU - Taylor, J. T. AU - Fraser, L. G. AU - Tsang, G. K. AU - De Silva, N. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Dhondt, S., Gouzerh, G., Muller, A., Legrand, M., Heitz, T., Spatio-temporal expression of patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolases and accumulation of jasmonates in elicitor-treated tobacco leaves are not affected by endogenous levels of salicylic acid (2002) Plant Journal, 32 (5), pp. 749-762. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01465.x; Fraser, L.G., Tsang, G.K., Datson, P.M., De Silva, H.N., Harvey, C.F., Gill, G.P., Crowhurst, R.N., McNeilage, M.A., A gene-rich linkage map in the dioecious species Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) reveals putative X/Y sexdetermining chromosomes (2009) BMC Genomics, 10, pp. 102-116; Fullerton, R.A., Rheinländer, P.A., Manning, M.A., Casonato, S.G., Infection and rot expression by Cryptosporiopsis actinidiae and Phomopsis sp. in kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' (2007) Proceedings of the VI International Symposium on Kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 753, pp. 653-661; Kachroo, A., Fu, D.-Q., Havens, W., Navarre, D., Kachroo, P., Ghabrial, S.A., An oleic acid-mediated pathway induces constitutive defense signaling and enhanced resistance to multiple pathogens in soybean (2008) Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 21 (5), pp. 564-575. , http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/MPMI-21-5-0564, DOI 10.1094/MPMI-21-5-0564; La Camera, S., Geoffroy, P., Samaha, H., Ndiaye, A., Rahim, G., Legrand, M., Heitz, T., A pathogen-inducible patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolase facilitates fungal and bacterial host colonization in Arabidopsis (2005) The Plant Journal, 44, pp. 810-825; Manning, M.A., Lallu, N., Fungal diseases of kiwifruit stored in controlled atmosphere conditions in New Zealand (1995) Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 444, pp. 725-729; Manning, M.A., Meier, X., Olsen, T.L., Johnston, P.R., Fungi associated with fruit rots of Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' in New Zealand (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31, pp. 315-324; Miller, R.G., (1981) Simultaneous Statistical Inference., pp. P6-8. , 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany; Minchin, P.E.H., De Silva, N., Snelgar, W.P., Richardson, A.C., Thorp, T.G., Modelling of colour development in the fruit of Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31, pp. 41-53; Rumbaugh, K., Convergence of hormones and autoinducers at the host/pathogen interface (2007) Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 387, pp. 425-435; Upchurch, R.G., Fatty acid unsaturation, mobilization, and regulation in the response of plants to stress (2008) Biochemical Letters, 30, pp. 967-977; Wurms, K.V., The incidence oí Botrytis cinerea and expression of putative host defences in green- And golden-fleshed kiwifruit of differing harvest maturity (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 125-129; Wurms, K., Long, P., Ganesh, S., Influence of host and pathogen factors on disease incidence resulting from artificial inoculation of kiwifruit by Botrytis cinerea (1998) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26, pp. 215-222; Zespri quality manual (2010) Pre-harvest Management: Globalgap Requirements, JAS Requirements, Picking Bins, Maturity Testing, Hail Insurance, p. 24. , Zespri Group Ltd PY - 2010 SP - 151-159 ST - Phenotyping ripe rot resistance in the Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) mapping population T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Phenotyping ripe rot resistance in the Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) mapping population UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955812166&partnerID=40&md5=e3b1c9f15e1756c7be5f3a6df236141e VL - 63 ID - 361 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Micromus tasmaniae Walker is an important predator of a number of economically important pests such as aphids. The 'larger-the-better' theory predicts that reproductive fitness is positively linearly associated with body size or weight. To test whether larger insects perform better reproductively, the insect population was divided into three weight groups: light, average and heavy, and the reproductive performance of nine breeding treatments (three male weights x three female weights) was assessed. The body weight of female M. tasmaniae had no significant effect on reproductive fitness in terms of fecundity, fertility, fertility rate, oviposition period and longevity, suggesting that female size variation is of secondary importance in determining reproductive fitness in this species. Male size had significant positive effect on female fecundity, fertility and fertility rate and reproductive period. This suggests that heavy males may transfer larger ejaculates that provide more sperm and male-derived nutrients to females than light males. AU - Yadav, A. AU - Wang, Q. AU - He, X. Z. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Balduf, W.V., (1974) The Bionomics of Entomophagous Insects, 384p. , Part II. J. S. Swift, New York; Bissoondath, C.J., Wiklund, C., Effect of male mating history and body size on ejaculate size and quality in two polyanderous butterflies, Pieris napi and Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) (1996) Functional Ecology, 10, pp. 457-464; Boggs, C.L., Reproductive strategies of female butter-flies: Variation in and constraints on fecundity (1986) Environmental Entomology, 11, pp. 7-15; Cameron, P.J., Allan, D.J., Walker, G.P., Wightman, J.A., Management experiments on aphids (Acrythosiphon spp.) and beneficial insects in lucerne (1983) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 11, pp. 343-347; Cloutier, C., Duperron, J., Tertuliano, M., McNeil, J.N., Host instar, body size and fitness in the koinobiotic parasitiod Aphidius negripes (2000) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 97, pp. 29-40; Clutton-Brock, T.H., Reproductive success (1988) Studies of Individual Variation in Contrasting Breeding Systems, pp. 472-485. , Clutton-Brock TH ed. The University of Chicago, Illinois; Fox, C.W., McLennan, L.A., Mousseau, T.A., Male body size affects female lifetime reproductive success in a seed beetle (1995) Animal Behaviour, 50, pp. 281-284; García-Barros, E., Body size, egg size, and their interspecific relationships with ecological and life history traits in butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidae, Hesperiodea) (2000) Biological Journal of the Linneann Society, 70, pp. 251-284; Gilbert, N., Control of fecundity in Pieris rapae. I. The problem (1984) Journal of Animal Ecology, 53, pp. 581-588; Henry, C.S., The sexual behaviour of green lacewings (1984) Biology of Chrysopidae, pp. 101-110. , Canard M, Semeria Y, New TR ed. Dr W Junk Publishers, The Hague; Hilson, R.J.D., (1964) The Ecology of Micromus Tasmaniae Walker, , MSc thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Honěk, A., Intraspecific variation in body size and fecundity in insects: A general relationship (1993) Oikos, 66, pp. 483-493; Islam, S.S., Chapman, R.B., Effect of temperature on predation by Tasmanian lacewing larvae (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 244-247; Iyengar, V., Eisner, T., Parental body mass as a determinant of egg size and egg output in an Arctiid Moth (Utetheisa ornatrix) (2002) Journal of Insect Behaviour, 15, pp. 309-318; Jiménez-Pérez, A., Wang, Q., Effect of body weight on reproductive performance in Cnephasia jactatana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2004) Journal of Insect Behavior, 17, pp. 511-522; Johnson, M.D., Female size and fecundity in the small carpenter bee, Ceratina calcarata (Robertson) (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) (1990) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 63, pp. 414-419; Leathwick, D.M., (1989) Applied Ecology of the Tasmanian Lacewing, Micromus Tasmaniae Walker, p. 129. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Marshall, L.D., Interspecific variation in reproductive effort by female Parapediasia teterrella (Lepidoptera: Pyraliadae) and its relation to body size (1990) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, pp. 44-48; Miller, G.L., Caver RD1987. Bionomics of Microm us posticus (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerbiidae) with descriptions of the immature stages Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, pp. 776-789; Montague, J.R., Mangan, R.L., Starmer, W.T., Reproductive allocation in the Hawaiian Drosophilidae: Egg size and number (1981) American Naturalist, 118, pp. 865-871; Ohgushi, T., Consequences of adult size for survival and reproductive performance in a herbivorous ladybird beetle (1996) Ecological Entomology, 21, pp. 47-55; Phelan, P.L., Barker, J.C., Male size related to courtship success and intersexual selection on tobacco moth Ephestia cautella (1986) Experientia, 42, pp. 1291-1293; Principi, M.M., Lo spermatoforo nei neurotteri crisopidi (1986) Frustula Entomologica, 21, pp. 143-159; Reiss, M.J., (1989) The Allometry of Growth and Reproduction, p. 182. , Cambridge University Press, London; Rumpf, S., Frampton, C., Chapman, B., Acute toxicity of insecticides to Micromus tasmaniae (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopideae): LC50 and LC90 estimates for various test durations (1997) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, pp. 34-40; Slansky, F., Quantitative food utilization and reproductive allocation by adult milkweed bugs, Oncopeltus fasciatus (1980) Physiological Entomology, 5, pp. 73-86; Steel, R.G., Torrie, J.H., Dickey, D.A., Principles and procedures of statistics (1997) A Biometrical Approach, , The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York; Thomhill, R., Alcock, J., (1983) The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems, p. 547. , Haward University Press, Cambridge; Wall, R., Begon, M., Population density, phenotype, and reproductive output in the grasshopper, Chorthyppus brunneus (1987) Ecological Entomology, 12, pp. 331-339; Wedell, N., Mate quality affects reproductive effort in a paternally investing species (1996) The American Naturalist, 6, pp. 1075-1088; Wickman, P.O., Karlsson, B., Abdomen size, body size and the reproductive effort of insects (1989) Oikos, 56, pp. 209-214; Workman, P.J., Stufkens, M.A.W., Martin, N.A., Butler, R.C., Testing for pesticide resistance in lettuce aphid (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 239-243; Yadav, A., He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Effect of photo period on development and reproduction in Tasmanian lacewing Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 338-342 PY - 2010 SP - 208-213 ST - Effect of body weight on reproductive performance of Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of body weight on reproductive performance of Micromus tasmaniae (Walker) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955832374&partnerID=40&md5=995eb13dc273a418c2f074b47db593e5 VL - 63 ID - 347 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The entomopathogenic bacterium, Serratia entomophila, is an alternative to chemical control of grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) and is applied in a granule formulation to established pastures. Treatment of seed with microbial inoculants is an ideal mechanism for delivery and establishment of microbial control agents into the plant root zone where soil dwelling pests, such as grass grub, are located. Seed treatment with S. entomophila was tested in three glasshouse pot trials, for its ability to protect germinating ryegrass seedlings from grass grub damage. A range of larval densities was used and microbial seed treatment was compared with the insecticide imidacloprid. At medium larval densities (equivalent to 70 larvae/m 2), use of S. entomophila-coated seed resulted in 85% seedling establishment in comparison with 82% emergence from imidacloprid-treated seed. At a high larval density of 300/m 2, where there was no establishment of untreated seed, 35-51% of seedlings established from S. entomophila-treatead seed. Results suggest there is potential for seed coating to aid ryegrass establishment in autumn-sown pastures. AU - Young, S. D. AU - Townsend, R. J. AU - Swaminathan, J. AU - O'Callaghan, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Chapman, R.B., Pasture pests (1984) New Zealand Pest and Beneficial Insects, pp. 129-142. , Scott RR ed. Lincoln University College of Agriculture, Canterbury, New Zealand; Jackson, T.A., Huger, A.M., Glare, T.R., Pathology of amber disease in the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1993) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 61, pp. 123-130; O'Callaghan, M., Jackson, T.A., Isolation and enumeration of Serratia entomophila - A bacterial pathogen of the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (1993) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 75 (4), pp. 307-314; Swaminathan, J., Jackson, T.A., (2008) Agent Stabilisation and Delivery Process and Product, , Patent No. NZ 560574, PCT/NZ2008/000299, WO2009061221A2. Encoate Limited, c/AgResearch Ltd, East Street, Ruakura Campus, Hamilton, New Zealand; Van Toor, R., Grass grub. Biology, detection and integrated control in pasture (1996) AgReference No 3, , AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand [ISSN 1173-2768]; Wright, D.A., Swaminathan, J., Blaser, M., Jackson, T.A., Carrot seed coating with bacteria for seedling protection from grass grub damage (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 229-233; Young, S.D., Townsend, R.J., O'Callaghan, M., Bacterial entomopathogens improve cereal establishment in the presence of grass grub larvae (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 1-6 PY - 2010 SP - 229-234 ST - Serratia entomophila-coated seed to improve ryegrass establishment in the presence of grass grubs T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Serratia entomophila-coated seed to improve ryegrass establishment in the presence of grass grubs UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955787953&partnerID=40&md5=4f0d3fddd03fdbc4716ac8a61938e02c VL - 63 ID - 356 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Powdery mildew (PM) is a serious fungal disease of a wide range of horticultural crops and can adversely affect crop yield and quality. Anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and soybean oil (SBO) emulsions were evaluated for control of PM (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae) on potted rose plants (Rosa L. sp. 'Splendid Surprise' and 'Sahara') maintained in a controlled environment. Foliage was sprayed weekly with AMF (0.7% w/v), SBO (2% w/v), fungicide (Supershield™, 1% v/v), water, or left unsprayed. PM infection increased to 100% leaf area in water and unsprayed control plants over 6 weeks. The fungicide reduced infection to a severity rating of 5 (>40% leaf area infection). The AMF and SBO treatments gave significantly better disease control (P <0.0001) with a severity rating of 2 (2-5% infection). Some yellowing and necrosis of leaves was observed on plants in the SBO treatment, but overall leaf health was superior to that of control plants. AU - Ah Chee, A. AU - Wurms, K. V. AU - George, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bettiol, W., Effectiveness of cow's milk against zucchini squash powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in greenhouse conditions (1999) Crop Protection, 18 (8), pp. 489-492. , DOI 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00046-0, PII S0261219499000460; Crisp, P., Bruer, D., Organic control of powdery mildew without sulfur (2001) Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker, 452, p. 22; Debener, T., Linde, M., Dohm, A., Kaufmann, H., The utilisation of molecular tools for rose breeding and genetics (2004) Acta Horticulturae, 630, pp. 29-42; Dik, A.J., Van Der Gaag, D.J., Van Slooten, M.A., Efficacy of salts against fungal diseases in glasshouse crops (2003) Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences 68 (4 Part B), pp. 475-485; Ko, W.H., Wang, S.Y., Hsieh, T.F., Ann, P.J., Effects of sunflower oil on tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici (2003) Journal of Phytopathology, 151 (3), pp. 144-148. , DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00698.x; Cfs, K., Dolstra, O., Van Der Linden, C.G., Van Der Schoot, J., Gitonga, V.W., Verlinden, K., Maliepaard, C.A., Krens, F.A., Specific mapping of disease resistance genes in tetraploid cut roses (2009) Acta Horticulturae, 836, pp. 137-142; Morgan, L., Mildew diseases (2010) Quick Grow Indoor Garden Centre Articles, , http://www.quikgrow.com/gardening-articles/mildew-diseases.html, accessed 6 April 2011; Pasini, C., D'aquila, F., Curir, P., Gullino, M.L., Effectiveness of antifungal compounds against rose powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae) in glasshouses (1997) Crop Protection, 16 (3), pp. 251-256; Reuveni, R., Agapov, V., Reuveni, M., Raviv, M., Effects of foliar sprays of phosphates on powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa) of roses (1994) Journal of Phytopathology-Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 142 (3-4), pp. 331-337; (2011) Mildew, , http://www.rosemagazine.com/artciles02/pages/mildew.asp, Rose Magazine Inc. (accessed 6 April 2011); Roberts, A., (2010) NZ Clivia Club Inc NewZLetter. Products Available to Home Users in New Zealand for Pest and Disease Control, , http://www.nzclivia.org/Newsletters/8.3.2010NewsletterWinter.pdf, accessed 8 April 2011; Scarito, G., Salamone, A., Zizzo, G.V., Agnello, S., Use of natural products for the control of powdery mildew of rose plants (2007) Acta Horticulturae, 751, pp. 251-257; Spencer, D.M., Standardized methods for the evaluation of fungicides to control cucumber powdery mildew (1977) Crop Protection Agents-their Biological Evaluation, pp. 455-464. , McFarlane NR ed. Academic Press, London; Tjosvold, S.A., Koike, S.T., Evaluation of reduced risk and other biorational fungicides on the control of powdery mildew on greenhouse roses (2001) Acta Horticulturae, 547, pp. 59-67 PY - 2011 SP - 195-200 ST - Control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae) on rose (Rosa L. sp.) using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae) on rose (Rosa L. sp.) using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055087844&partnerID=40&md5=a1393133fc75a4ce6c005524c270f6ec VL - 64 ID - 313 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Crop rotations can be used to manage the build-up of inoculum of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), an important pathogen that causes take-all in wheat crops. This study investigated whether the value of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) break crop is impaired by the presence of wheat volunteers. Soil Ggt concentrations after perennial ryegrass without wheat volunteers were approximately 20% of those with wheat, but perennial ryegrass was less effective than fallow at reducing soil Ggt. Wheat volunteers reduced the value of a perennial ryegrass break when they were present at densities of 40 volunteers/m2; below this density soil Ggt concentrations and take-all incidence levels were similar to the perennial ryegrass only treatment. After the volunteer season, under low volunteer densities (1-15 plants m2) Ggt concentrations tended to be below pre-sowing levels. In the 40 volunteer/m2 and full wheat treatment, Ggt was greater than pre-sowing levels. In the fallow treatment, Ggt concentrations declined to below the detection level (< 5 pg DNA) within 1 year. AU - Bithell, S. L. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - McKay, A. AU - Cromey, M. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, D.J., Paveley, N., Spink, J., Lucas, P., Gilligan, C.A., Epidemiological analysis of take-all decline in winter wheat (2009) Phytopathology, 99, pp. 861-868; Bateman, G.L., Gutteridge, R.J., Jenkyn, J.F., Wheat rhizosphere interactions and natural suppression of take-all disease: effects of grass weeds and wheat cultivar on inoculum and disease (2005) Aspects of Applied Biology, 73, pp. 155-162; Brassett, P.R., Gilligan, C.A., Effects of selfsown wheat on levels of the take-all disease on seedlings of winter wheat grown in a model system (1990) Journal of Phytopathology, 129, pp. 46-57; Chambers, S.C., Some factors affecting the relative importance of hosts in the survival of Ophiobolus graminis (1971) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 22, pp. 111-121; Chng, S.F., Cromey, M.G., Butler, R.C., Evaluation of the susceptibility of various grass species to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 261-267; Cromey, M.G., Parkes, R.A., Fraser, P.M., Factors associated with stem base and root diseases of New Zealand wheat and barley crops (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 1-10; Dulout, A., Lucas, P., Sarniguet, A., Dore, T., Effects of wheat volunteers and blackgrass in set-aside following a winter wheat crop on soil infectivity and soil conduciveness to take-all (1997) Plant and Soil, 197 (1), pp. 149-155. , DOI 10.1023/A:1004225026964; Ennaifar, S., Lucas, P., Meynard, J.-M., Makowski, D., Effects of summer fallow management on take-all of winter wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (2005) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 112 (2), pp. 167-181. , DOI 10.1007/s10658-005-3121-8; (2009) The Guide to GenStat Release 12-Parts, pp. 1-3. , GenStat Committee, Payne RW ed. VSN International, Oxford; Gutteridge, R.J., Hornby, D., Effects of sowing date and volunteers on the infectivity of soil infested with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and on take-all disease in successive crops of winter wheat (2003) Annals of Applied Biology, 143 (3), pp. 275-282; Gutteridge, R.J., Jenkyn, J.F., Bateman, G.L., Effects of different cultivated or weed grasses, grown as pure stands or in combination with wheat, on take-all and its suppression in subsequent wheat crops (2006) Plant Pathology, 55 (5), pp. 696-704. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01405.x; Hornby, D., Beale, R., (2000) Take-all Management Guide, p. 39. , Monsanto Plc, Agricultural Sector, Maris Lane, Trumpington, Cambridge; Jenkyn, J.F., Gutteridge, R.J., Todd, A.D., A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 3. Effects on diseases (1998) Journal of Agricultural Science, 130 (4), pp. 399-410. , DOI 10.1017/S0021859698005450; Legendre, P., Legendre, L., (1998) Numerical Ecology, p. 870. , Jørgensen SE ed. Elsevier; McKenzie, B.A., Hampton, J.G., Jgh, W., Harrington, K.C., Annual crop production principles (1999) New Zealand Pasture and Crop Science, pp. 199-212. , White JGH, Hodgson J ed. , Oxford University Press, Auckland; Ophel-Keller, K., McKay, A., Hartley, D., Herdina, Curran, J., Development of a routine DNA-based testing service for soilborne diseases in Australia (2008) Australasian Plant Pathology, 37 (3), pp. 243-253. , DOI 10.1071/AP08029; Patterson, H.D., Thompson, R., Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal (1971) Biometrika, 58, pp. 545-554; Schultz, H., The susceptibility of some cultivars of ryegrass to take-all Gaeumannomyces graminis and the ability to infect a successive crop of barley (1981) Tidsskrift for Plantaevl, 85, pp. 93-96; Yarham, D.J., Practical aspects of epidemiology and control (1981) Biology and Control of Takeall, pp. 353-384. , Asher MJC, Shipton PJ ed. Academic Press Inc., London; Yarham, D.J., Gladders, P., Effect of volunteer plants on crop diseases (1993) Aspects of Applied Biology, 35, pp. 75-82 PY - 2011 SP - 175-182 ST - Wheat volunteers in Lolium perenne-effects on Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici carry-over and take-all T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Wheat volunteers in Lolium perenne-effects on Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici carry-over and take-all UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055068234&partnerID=40&md5=7ae40c57a2b86dc4132c19613c8642ed VL - 64 ID - 327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A gel preparation of mycelia of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was applied to the pasture weeds Carduus nutans L., Carduus tenuiflorus L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Jacobaea vulgaris L. and Ranunculus acris L. Doses ranging from 0 to 1,000 μl gel/plant were applied as 10 or 50 μl droplets, one per leaf axil. Statistically significant responses to dose were evident in C. arvense, J. vulgaris and R. acris, leading to 90, 74 and 100% reductions in living tissue respectively at 200 μl/plant compared to the control 29 days after treatment. For C. nutans and C. tenuiflorus, where even low doses gave good control, the reductions (averaged over all doses) were 98 and 88% respectively indicating that these two annual thistles were exceptionally susceptible to this S. sclerotiorum formulation. For C. nutans, 1 litre of the gel would, if precision applied, be sufficient to control at least 20,000 plants, suggesting broad-acre use may be commercially viable. AU - Bourdôt, G. W. AU - Hurrell, G. A. AU - Saville, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abu-Dieyeh, M.H., Watson, A.K., Effect of turfgrass mowing height on biocontrol of dandelion with Sclerotinia minor (2006) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16, pp. 509-524; Abu-Dieyeh, M.H., Watson, A.K., Grass overseeding and a fungus combine to control Taraxacum officinale (2007) Journal of Applied Ecology, 44 (1), pp. 115-124. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01247.x; Bourdôt, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Variation in MCPA-resistance in Ranunculus acris L. subsp. acris and its correlation with historical exposure to MCPA (1990) Weed Research, 30, pp. 449-457; Bourdot, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Leathwick, D.M., Impacts of applied Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on the dynamics of a Cirsium arvense population (2006) Weed Research, 46 (1), pp. 61-72. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2006.00481.x; Bourdôt, G.W., Baird, D., Hurrell, G.A., De Jong, M.D., Safety zones for a Sclerotinia sclerotiorumbased mycoherbicide: Accounting for regional and yearly variation in climate (2006) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 16, pp. 345-358; Bourdot, G.W., Fowler, S.V., Edwards, G.R., Kriticos, D.J., Kean, J.M., Rahman, A., Parsons, A.J., Pastoral weeds in New Zealand: Status and potential solutions (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50 (2), pp. 139-161; Bourdôt, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Variation in the efficacy of a mycoherbicide and two synthetic herbicide alternatives (2007) XII Th International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 507-511; Bourdôt, G.W., Saville, D.J., Bioherbicide safety zones and the plant disease-inoculum density relationship (2010) Weed Technology, 24, pp. 193-196; Cripps, M., Gassmann, A., Fowler, S.V., Bourdôt, G.W., McClay, A.S., Edwards, G., Classical biological control of Cirsium arvense: Lessons from the past (2011) Biological Control, 57, pp. 165-174; (2007) Ragwort Flea Beetle. The Biological Control of Weeds Book, , http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biocons/weeds/book/documents/ Ragwort_Flea_Beetle.pdf, Landcare Research Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand (accessed 15 June 2011); Verkaaik, M.L., Hurrell, G.A., Bourdôt, G.W., Saville, D.J., Evaluation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum for giant buttercup control in dairy pastures (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 286-291; Young, S., (2010) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 688. , Agrimedia Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2011 SP - 81-85 ST - Comparative dose-responses of five pasture weeds to a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycoherbicide T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparative dose-responses of five pasture weeds to a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycoherbicide UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055078256&partnerID=40&md5=20b9338291c98f7bb919a63f8a5a4e4c VL - 64 ID - 320 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Host resistance is the most economical way to manage wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The cultivar 'Claire' was released in 1999, and until recently, remained highly resistant to the disease in the United Kingdom. While 'Claire' was considered durably resistant to stripe rust in New Zealand, it is now categorised as moderately susceptible. The present study investigated whether race-specific resistance was responsible for this 'break-down' in resistance, and whether cv. 'Claire' retains useful durable resistance. A rust culture from cv. 'Claire' was compared with a pre-2005 culture on a set of differential cultivars. The seedling resistance in cv. 'Claire' was race-specific. Greenhouse and field experiments suggest that the adult plant resistance in cv. 'Claire' has been reduced in the presence of a more virulent stripe rust population. Remaining adult plant resistance is insufficient to provide adequate control of stripe rust in New Zealand wheat crops. AU - Chng, S. F. AU - Cromey, M. G. AU - Shorter, S. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2011) Yellow Rust Detected in Essex, , www.farminguk.com/news/Yellow-rust-detectedin-Essex_19861.html, Anon. (accessed 4 April 2011); Beresford, R.M., Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), a new disease of wheat in New Zealand (1982) Cereal Rusts Bulletin, 10, pp. 35-41; Chen, X., Line, R., Inheritance of stripe rust resistance in wheat cultivars postulated to have resistance genes at Yr3 and Yr4 loci (1993) Phytopathology, 83, pp. 382-388; Doling, D.A., Doodson, J.K., The effect of yellow rust on the yield of spring and winter wheat (1968) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 51, pp. 427-434; Hovmoller, M.S., Sources of seedling and adult plant resistance to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici in European wheats (2007) Plant Breeding, 126 (3), pp. 225-233. , DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01369.x; Imtiaz, M., Cromey, M.G., Hampton, J.G., Hill, M.J., Inheritance of seedling resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in 'Otane' and 'Tiritea' wheat (Triticum aestivum) (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31 (1), pp. 15-22; Imtiaz, M., Ahmad, M., Cromey, M.G., Griffin, W.B., Hampton, J.G., Detection of molecular markers linked to the durable adult plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr18 in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2004) Plant Breeding, 123 (5), pp. 401-404. , DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01002.x; Johnson, R., Nomenclature for physiologic races of Puccinia striiformis infecting wheat (1972) Transactions of the Bristish Mycological Society, 58, pp. 475-480; Johnson, R., Past, present and future opportunities in breeding for disease resistance, with examples from wheat (1992) Euphytica, 63, pp. 3-22; Lewis, C.M., (2006) The Genetic Basis of Puccinia Striiformis Resistance in UK Wheat Germplasm, , PhD thesis University of East Anglia, Norwich; Ma, H., Singh, R.P., Abdalla, O., Resistance to stripe rust in five durum wheat cultivars (1997) Plant Disease, 81, pp. 27-30; Mallard, S., Gaudet, D., Aldeia, A., Abelard, C., Besnard, A.L., Sourdille, P., Dedryver, F., Genetic analysis of durable resistance to yellow rust in bread wheat (2005) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 110 (8), pp. 1401-1409. , DOI 10.1007/s00122-005-1954-3; McIntosh, R.A., Wellings, C.R., Park, R.F., (1995) Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes, p. 200. , Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands; Murray, G.M., Ellison, P.J., Watson, A., Effects of stripe rust on the wheat plant (1995) Australasian Plant Pathology, 24, pp. 261-270; O'brien, L., Brown, J.S., Young, R.M., Pascoe, I., Occurrence and distribution of wheat stripe rust in Victoria and susceptibility of commercial wheat cultivars (1980) Australasian Plant Pathology, 9, p. 14; Powell, N., Berry, S., Boyd, L., The genetic characterisation of adult plant resistance to yellow rust in the winter wheat cultivar Claire (2008) The 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium Proceedings, pp. 1-3. , 24-29 August 2008 Brisbane Convention Centre, Brisbane; Powell, N.M., (2010) Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Yellow Rust Resistance in the UK Winter Wheat Cultivar Claire, p. 241. , PhD thesis University of East Anglia, Norwich; Stubbs, R.W., (1985) Stripe Rust: The Cereal Rusts II: Diseases, Distribution, Epidemiology, and Control, , Academic Press, New York; Tottman, D.R., Makepeace, R.J., An explanation of the decimal code for the growth stages of cereals, with illustrations (1979) Annual of Applied Biology, 93, pp. 221-234; Slh, V., Marroni, M.V., Butler, R.C., Wheat stripe rust control using fungicides in New Zealand (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 155-159; Wellings, C.R., McIntosh, R.A., Hussain, M., A new source of resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in spring wheats (Triticum aestivum) (1988) Plant Breeding, 100, pp. 88-96 PY - 2011 SP - 17-24 ST - Durability of resistance to stripe rust in the wheat cultivar 'Claire' in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Durability of resistance to stripe rust in the wheat cultivar 'Claire' in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055085544&partnerID=40&md5=9e52129862137795e24080315a9d34b9 VL - 64 ID - 318 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ichneumonid parasitoid Liotryphon caudatus was introduced into New Zealand in 1906 for biological control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, a pest of pipfruit. Following release, it was found in the Auckland area, with only isolated recoveries in the 1970s in Waikato and Hawke's Bay. In 2010, 9.6% parasitism of codling moth by L. caudatus in larvae collected from a Hawke's Bay orchard was recorded. Liotryphon caudatus harvested from this collection were used to establish a laboratory colony for behavioural observations. In 2011, 15 sites across Hawke's Bay comprising abandoned, organic and Integrated Fruit Production apple orchards were surveyed for the presence of L. caudatus. Cocooned codling moth larvae in corrugated cardboard bands were placed at each site for 3 weeks and assessed for parasitism. Liotryphon caudatus was recovered from four of five abandoned orchards with up to 13% parasitism, but was not found in either organic or IFP orchards. AU - Cole, L. M. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Clausen, C.P., Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: A world review (1978) Agricultural Handbook, (480). , United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC; Dumbleton, L.J., Biological control of noxious insects and weeds in New Zealand. IV. The biological control of fruit pests in New Zealand (1936) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 18, pp. 579-593; Kirk, T.W., Fruit industry progress & prospects (1907) Annual Report, New Zealand Department Agriculture, pp. 206-212; Mills, N.J., Dixon, L., Hanke, R., Buchner, R., (1996) Integrating Parasitism into Codling Moth Control in Walnuts, pp. 155-163. , University of California Fruit & Nut Research and Information Centre, Davis, USA; Russell, D., Cydia molesta (Busck), oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 155-159. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain WP, Thomas WP ed, CAB International, Oxford; Wearing, C.H., Charles, J.G., Cydia pomonella (L), codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 161-169. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain WP, Thomas WP ed. CAB International, Oxford PY - 2011 SP - 222-226 ST - The distribution of Liotryphon caudatus, a parasitoid of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Hawke's Bay apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The distribution of Liotryphon caudatus, a parasitoid of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Hawke's Bay apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055079603&partnerID=40&md5=cca4cc7aee79dc76750da9c1da4b005f VL - 64 ID - 326 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nectria flute canker is a disease of Pinus radiata stems caused by Neonectria fuckeliana. The fungus is not known in the North Island, leading to concern that it may be transported north via asymptomatically colonised nursery stock. Wounded P. radiata seedlings and cuttings were exposed to natural inoculum from an adjacent infected forest, and half were artificially inoculated. No disease symptoms were recorded throughout the trial. Neonectria fuckeliana was re-isolated from 24% and 7% of inoculated seedlings and cuttings respectively 3 months after inoculation, and at 12 months from 3.5% of the remaining inoculated seedlings only. Neonectria fuckeliana was not isolated from uninoculated seedlings or cuttings exposed to natural inoculum. These results indicate that nursery plants have little capability of retaining N. fuckeliana within the tissue even when directly inoculated. Nursery stock is therefore unlikely to be a pathway for transport of the fungus. AU - Dick, M. A. AU - Power, M. W. P. AU - Carlson, C. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bulman, L.S., Nectria pruning trial (2007) Forest Health News, 170, pp. 1-2. , http://www.scionresearch.com/general/science-publications/ science-publications/science-newsletters/foresthealth-newsletter? result-16444-result-page=5, (accessed 13 April 2011); Bulman, L.S., Nectria surveys (2007) Forest Health News, 170, p. 2. , http://www.scionresearch.com/general/science-publications/ science-publications/science-newsletters/foresthealth-newsletter? result-16444-result-page=5, (accessed 13 April 2011); Crane, P.E., Ajm, H., Dick, M.A., Bulman, L.S., Behaviour of Neonectria fuckeliana (C. Booth) Castl. & Rossman causing a pine canker disease in New Zealand (2009) Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39, pp. 2119-2128; Crosby, T.K., Dugdale, J.S., Watt, J.C., Recording specimen localities in New Zealand: An arbitrary system of areas and codes defined (1976) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 3, p. 69; Dick, M.A., Crane, P.E., Neonectria fuckeliana is pathogenic to Pinus radiata (2009) New Zealand Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4, pp. 12-14; Gadgil, P.D., Dick, M.A., Dobbie, K., Fungi silvicolae novazelandiae: 4 (2003) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 33 (2), pp. 265-272; Littell, R.C., Milliken, G.A., Stroup, W.W., Wolfinger, R.D., Schabenberger, O., (2006) SAS for Mixed Models, , SAS Publishing, Cary, NC; Morales, R., Detection of Neonectria fuckeliana in Chile associated to stem cankers and malformation in Pinus radiata plantations (2009) Bosque, 30, pp. 106-110; Roll-Hansen, F., Roll-Hansen, H., Microflora of sound-looking wood in Picea abies stems (1979) European Journal of Forest Pathology, 9, pp. 308-316; Schultz, M.E., Parmeter, J.R., A canker disease of Abies concolor caused by Nectria fuckeliana (1990) Plant Disease, 74, pp. 178-180; Vasiliauskas, R., Stenlid, J., Fungi inhabiting stems of Picea abies in a managed stand in Lithuania (1998) Forest Ecology and Management, 109 (1-3), pp. 119-126. , DOI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00226-6, PII S0378112798002266 PY - 2011 SP - 183-187 ST - Neonectria fuckeliana infection of Pinus radiate nursery stock T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Neonectria fuckeliana infection of Pinus radiate nursery stock UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055080354&partnerID=40&md5=9042dc631c7851bec21fe34aa3b01655 VL - 64 ID - 290 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Black beetle (Heteronychus arator) is a sporadic but serious pest of North Island pastures. Field trials were established to test the efficacy of insecticides currently registered for use against scarab pests in pasture. Three life stages were targeted: newly emerged black beetle adults in autumn, egg-laying adults in spring and newly hatched larvae in early summer. Although the insecticides used caused significant beetle mortalities in spring, no treatment reduced the subsequent larval populations in summer. Similarly, while the autumn application caused significant beetle mortality; the number of surviving black beetle adults remaining in the plots was not affected. Soil factors and the high mobility of adult beetles are likely to have contributed to treatment failure. AU - Eden, T. M. AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Wilson, D. J. AU - Addison, P. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, N.L., Townsend, R.J., Popay, A.J., Mercer, C.F., Jackson, T.A., (2011) Black Beetle: Lessons from the Past and Options for the Future, 15, pp. 119-124. , New Zealand Grassland Association Pasture Persistence Symposium. Grassland Research and Practice Series; Blank, R.H., Olsen, M.H., Bell, D.S., Insecticidal control of black beetle (Heteronychus arator) in pasture (1982) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 10, pp. 433-438; Blank, R.H., Olsen, M.H., Effect of black beetle, in association with nitrogen and summer spelling, on pasture production on sandy soils (1988) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 31, pp. 445-453; East, R., King, P.D., Watson, R.N., Population studies of grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) and black beetle (Heteronychus arator) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1981) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 4, pp. 56-64; King, P.D., Mercer, C.F., Meekings, J.F., Insecticidal control of black beetle on a peat soil type (1974) Proceedings of the 27th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 228-229; King, P.D., Effect of pasture species on black beetle (1976) Proceedings of the 29th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 161-164; King, P.D., (1979) Aspects of the Ecology of Black Beetle (Heteronychus Arator (F.), Coleoptera: Dynastinae), , Unpublished D. Phil. Thesis, University of Waikato, New Zealand; King, P.D., East, R., Effects of pasture composition on the dynamics of Heteronychus arator and Graphognathus leucoloma populations (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Curculionidae) (1979) Proceedings of the 2nd Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 79-82; (2011), http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/climate/information-and-resources/ clivar/elnino, NIWA (accessed 21 April 2011); Popay, A.J., Thom, E.R., Endophyte effects on major insect pests in Waikato dairy pasture (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 121-126; Todd, D.H., Biology and control of black beetle (1964) Proceedings of the 17th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 119-124; Todd, D.H., Results of field experiments with diazinon and other transient chemicals for control of black beetle adults in pasture (1969) Proceedings of the 22nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 296-300; Udy, P.B., Factors influencing the release of insecticides from granular formulations and their subsequent diffusion into a range of New Zealand soils (1977) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, pp. 79-85; Watson, R.N., Webber, K.J., Effect of two soil types on insecticide activity against black beetle adults (1975) Proceedings of the 28th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 119-120; Watson, R.N., Webber, K.J., Insecticide trials against black beetle in pasture (1976) Proceedings of the 29th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 176-179; Watson, R.N., Holland, P.T., Olson, M.H., Residual activity of two insecticides against black beetle (1978) Proceedings of the 31st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 167-172; Watson, R.N., Wrenn, N.R., An evaluation of the solid stream technique of insecticide application for control of black beetle in pasture Proceedings of the 33rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 151-154. , NR 1980; Watson, R.N., Bell, N.L., Neville, F.J., Davis, L.T., Pest populations during the first six years in ryegrass pastures containing white or Caucasian clover (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 410-414 PY - 2011 SP - 63-67 ST - Evaluation of spring and autumn applied insecticides for the control of black beetle T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of spring and autumn applied insecticides for the control of black beetle UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055076813&partnerID=40&md5=d81b461b55d7cf35dc0d3a441ad69dc8 VL - 64 ID - 295 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Commercial hybrid vegetable seed production involves movement of pollen between two distinct groups of plants (parent lines) - a pollen donor and seed production lines. The aim of this study was to observe the distribution and behaviour of honey bees (Apis mellifera) on hybrid radish (Raphanus sativus L.) crops in New Zealand. Honey bees were observed to have an even distribution across the parent lines, although individual bees largely maintained fidelity to the particular line on which they foraged. Of the bees observed on male-fertile flowers 72% did not switch to the other line. When plants from the different lines were manipulated so that they appeared to be a single plant, 69.5% of honey bees remained constant to the line visited. To maximise the effectiveness of honey bees as pollinators of hybrid radish, techniques should focus on better matching of lines or breeding of lines to reduce pollinator differentiation. AU - Evans, L. J. AU - Goodwin, R. M. AU - Walker, M. K. AU - Howlett, B. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Chandrashekhar, G.S., Pollinator fauna and foraging activity of bees and pollinators in radish (2006) Kamataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 18 (3), pp. 719-721; Erickson, E.H., Peterson, C.E., Werner, P., Honey bee foraging and resultant seed set among male-fertile and cytoplasmically male-sterile carrot inbreds and hybrid seed parents (1979) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 104, pp. 635-638; Faukner, G.J., Honey bee behaviour as affected by plant height and flower colour variation in Brussels sprout (1976) Journal of Apicultural Research, 15, pp. 15-18; Faukner, G.J., Factors affecting field scale production of seed of F1 hybrid Brussels sprouts (1974) Annals of Applied Biology, 77, pp. 181-190; Free, J.B., (1993) Insect Pollination of Crops 2nd Edition, p. 684. , Academic Press, London; Free, J.B., Williams, I.H., Foraging behaviour of honeybees and bumble bees on Brussels sprouts grown to produce hybrid seed (1983) Journal of Apicultural Research, 22, pp. 94-97; Free, J.B., Williams, I.H., The pollination of hybrid kale (Brassica oleraceae L.) (1973) Journal of Agricultural Science, 81, pp. 557-559; Kobayashi, K., Tsukamoto, S., Tanaka, A., Niikura, S., Ohsawa, R., Selective flower visitation behaviour by pollinators in radish F1 seed production field (2010) Breeding Science, 60, pp. 203-211; Kremer, J.C., Influence of honey bee visits on radish seed yield (1945) Michigan University Agricultural Experiment Station Quarterly Bulletin, 27, pp. 413-420; MacArthur, R.H., Pianka, E.R., On the optimal use of a patchy environment (1966) American Naturalist, 100 (916), pp. 603-609; McGregor, S.E., Insect pollination of cultivated crops (1976) Agricultural Handbook No. 496, p. 849. , United States Department of Agriculture, web; Priti Mishra, R.C., Sihag, R.C., Role of insect pollinators in seed production in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) (2001) Seed Research, 29 (2), pp. 231-234; Sahli, H.F., Conner, J.K., Visitation, effectiveness, and efficiency of 15 genera of visitors to wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae) (2007) American Journal of Botany, 94 (2), pp. 203-209. , http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/94/2/203.pdf, DOI 10.3732/ajb.94.2.203; Selvakumar, P., Sinha, S.N., Pandita, V.K., Srivastava, R.M., (2003) Foraging Behaviour of Honeybee on Parental Lines of Hybrid Cauliflower Pusa hybrid-2, , XXXVIII Congress Apimondia. Ljubljana, Slovenia; Singh, P.K., Tripathi, S.K., Somani, K.V., Hybrid Seed Production of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) (2001) Journal of New Seeds, 3 (4), pp. 51-58. , DOI 10.1300/J153v03n04-05 PY - 2011 SP - 32-36 ST - Honey bee (Apis mellifera) distribution and behaviour on hybrid radish (Raphanus sativus L.) crops T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Honey bee (Apis mellifera) distribution and behaviour on hybrid radish (Raphanus sativus L.) crops UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055067869&partnerID=40&md5=26c2e998496e6296ad3ba3a51d5cf757 VL - 64 ID - 306 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Copper is the only fungicide currently registered for use on avocado orchards for controlling fruit rots that are expressed postharvest. Two additional fungicides that performed well in previous tests were evaluated as spray applications to 12 orchards, four in each of the three major avocado growing regions of New Zealand (North of Kaitaia, Whangarei and Bay of Plenty). Pyraclostrobin/boscalid and fluazinam were at least as effective as copper in controlling avocado rots, and are suitable alternatives to copper. Fluazinam should be applied in winter because in combination with the additive di-1-p-methene it damaged leaves during the spring flush. Pyraclostrobin/ boscalid would need to be used judiciously to prevent build up of resistance in fungal populations. Copper could still be applied, but in combination with these fungicides, thus reducing the numbers of applications of copper and therefore the risk of copper accumulation in soil. AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Pak, H. A. AU - Pushparajah, I. P. S. AU - Taylor, J. T. AU - Astill, M. S. AU - King, D. B. AU - Chee, A. Ah DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2004) Review Report for the Active Substance Pyraclostrobin, , http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/newactive/ pyraclostrobin.pdf, Anonymous European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General, Commission working document (accessed 23 June 2011); Dong, F., Yang, S., Liu, X., Sun, J., Zheng, Y., Li, C., Yao, J., Fate of fluazinam in pepper and soil after application (2008) Agricultural Sciences in China, 7, pp. 193-199; Everett, K.R., Avocado fruit rots: A review of industry funded research (2002) New Zealand Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report, 2, pp. 8-16; Everett, K.R., The effect of low temperatures on Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing body rots of avocados in New Zealand (2003) Australasian Plant Pathology, 32 (4), pp. 441-448. , DOI 10.1071/AP03050; Everett, K.R., Korsten, L., Postharvest rots of avocados: Improved chemical control by using different application methods (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 37-40; Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., In vitro fungicide testing for control of Avocado fruit rots (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 99-103; Everett, K.R., Owen, S.G., Jgm, C., Testing efficacy of fungicides against postharvest pathogens of avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 89-95; Everett, K.R., Boyd, L.M., Pak, H.A., Cutting, J.G.M., Calcium, fungicide sprays and canopy density influence postharvest rots of avocado (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36 (1), pp. 22-31. , DOI 10.1071/AP06076; Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Hill, G.N., Dawson, T.E., Field testing alternatives to copper for controlling avocado fruit rots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 65-69; Giles-Parker, C., (2001) Fluazinam, , http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/factsheets/fluazinam.pdf, Pesticide Fact Sheet, United States Environmental Protection Agency (accessed 23 June 2011); Giles-Parker, C., (2003) Boscalid, , http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/factsheets/boscalid.pdf, Pesticide Fact Sheet, United States Environmental Protection Agency (accessed 23 June 2011); Wft, H., Post-harvest diseases of avocado fruits in New Zealand (1991) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 19, pp. 297-304; Hartill, W.F.T., Everett, K.R., Inoculum sources and infection pathways of pathogens causing stem-end rots of 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana) (2002) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30 (4), pp. 249-260; Hauke, K., Creemers, P., Brugmans, W., Laer, S.V., Signum, a new fungicide with interesting properties in resistance management of fungal diseases in strawberries (2004) Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 69, pp. 743-755; Holland, P., Solomona, S., Copper status of orchards (1999) The Orchardist, 72, pp. 44-45; Komarek, M., Cadkova, E., Chrastny, V., Bordas, F., Bollinger, J.C., Contamination of vineyard soils with fungicides: A review of environmental and toxicological aspects (2010) Environment International, 36, pp. 138-151; Pak, H.A., Elmsly, T.A., Everett, K.R., (2009) Beyond AvoGreen, , www.avocadosource.com, 4th Australian and New Zealand Avocado Growers Conference (ANAZGC09). 21-24 July (accessed 23 June 2011); Van Zwieten, L., Rust, J., Kingston, T., Merrington, G., Morris, S., Influence of copper fungicide residues on occurrence of earthworms in avocado orchard soils (2004) Science of the Total Environment, 329 (1-3), pp. 29-41. , DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.014, PII S0048969704001251 PY - 2011 SP - 112-118 ST - Field evaluation of fungicides to control postharvest rots of avocados in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Field evaluation of fungicides to control postharvest rots of avocados in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055097489&partnerID=40&md5=c31b7db384de7668a3ead73fbe3a56dc VL - 64 ID - 321 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Twelve ornamental ground cover species were planted then monitored for 2 years to assess their relative usefulness for controlling weeds. Persicaria capitatum established quickly and covered the plots, but it was unsuitable for keeping weeds controlled because it died back each winter from frost damage. Acaena inermis and Muehlenbeckia axillaris also completely covered the plots within 12 months, and they effectively prevented weeds from establishing during a 5-month assessment period in the second year. Many of the other planted species also suppressed weeds well, and those that decreased the ratio of red to far red light intercepted by the soil underneath them best gave better weed control. Other ground covers that suppressed weeds well included Ajuga reptans, Coprosma acerosa, Grevillea lanigera, Juniperus procumbens, Pimelea prostrata, Sedum mexicanum and Veronica peduncularis. Some species, such as S. mexicanum and P. prostrata, shaded the soil less well at certain times each year. AU - Foo, C. L. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - MacKay, M. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Foo, C.L., Harrington, K.C., MacKay, M.B., Comparison of weed control techniques to establish three ground cover species (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 96-101; Foo, C.L., Harrington, K.C., MacKay, M.B., Herbicide tolerance of three ornamental ground cover species: Polygonum capitatum Sedum mexicanum and Soleirolia soleirolii (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 303-306; Kendrick, R.E., Frankland, B., (1983) Phytochrome and Plant Growth, p. 76. , Edward Arnold, London; Jek, S., Data transformations in analysis of variance (1976) Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 15, pp. 339-346; Thomas, G.S., (1977) Plants for Ground Cover (Revised), p. 282. , Aldine Press, London; Van Der Spuy, U., (1976) Gardening with Groundcovers, p. 112. , A.H. & A.W. Reed, Wellington PY - 2011 SP - 149-154 ST - Weed suppression by twelve ornamental ground cover species T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Weed suppression by twelve ornamental ground cover species UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055067618&partnerID=40&md5=0d2ac8b0cc198b5b5c1363ddad753d1a VL - 64 ID - 294 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Froud, K. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2011 SP - xi-xii ST - Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055078610&partnerID=40&md5=f31068fd4601bba98bfd440af3eeb3d2 VL - 64 ID - 304 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The avocado industry has comprehensive guidelines for ground-based spray application to avocado orchards, but there are no current guidelines for aerial spray applications. Helicopter-applied deposits from a dilute spray application (600 litres/ha) of copper on a commercial Hass avocado orchard (12 m tall trees) were compared with twotimes (300 litres/ha) and three-times (200 litres/ha) concentrate sprays with addition of varying rates of the superspreader adjuvant, Du-Wett®. Tartrazine dye was included as a deposit tracer. Concentrate sprays, with adjuvant addition, consistently gave higher spray deposits on difficult-to-wet fruit than the dilute aerial spray. Deposits on fruit in all canopy zones were increased with concentrate sprays, but particularly in the upper, lower and outer canopy zones. On foliage, concentrate sprays with adjuvant addition gave similar spray deposits to the dilute spray. Leaves in mid and inner canopy zones tended to be less well targeted by concentrate sprays. This must be considered if targeting dense trees with aerial sprays. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Steele, K. D. AU - Elliott, G. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Gaskin, R.E., Pathan, A.K., Characterising plant surfaces and adjuvant interactions to improve pesticide spray retention and coverage on avocados (2006) New Zealand Avocado Growers Association Annual Research Report, 6, pp. 63-70; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D., Skinner, S., Elliott, G., Use of a superspreader adjuvant to reduce spray application volumes on avocados (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 266-270; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D., Pak, H., Improving spray distribution and coverage on avocado trees in low volume, concentrate sprays (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 147-152; Manktelow, D., May, W., Determining and optimising chemical application rates and spray application in different avocado canopies (2006) New Zealand Avocado Growers Association Annual Research Report, 6, pp. 71-80; Manktelow, D., May, W., Distance based spraying: Using tree height and density to define chemical application rate requirements for NZ avocados (2009) Avoscene December 2009, pp. 23-25 PY - 2011 SP - 107-111 ST - Concentrated, low-volume aerial sprays to improve spray distribution in large avocado trees T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Concentrated, low-volume aerial sprays to improve spray distribution in large avocado trees UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055078609&partnerID=40&md5=0d1309f9690721d4d0bb7e43e390ce7f VL - 64 ID - 291 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Seeds of eight plant species were fed to four penned goats on three separate occasions. The faeces were collected over subsequent days, then seeds were recovered and tested for viability. Less than 10% of the ingested seeds survived passage through the goats for five of the species, though 32.3% of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) seeds and 19.2% of gorse (Ulex europeaus) seeds were excreted undigested. The percentage of viable seeds ingested that remained viable when excreted ranged from 25.7% for broad-leaved dock to 0.5% for variegated thistle (Silybum marianum). A large proportion of recovered seeds was excreted within 24 h of ingestion, and all seeds had passed through the goats within 72 h. Grazing by goats of weed seed-heads is generally seen as beneficial due to large decreases in the number of viable seeds added to the soil. However, as all species established from intact goat dung, potential exists for dispersal of weeds to new areas, especially by feral goats. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Beskow, W. B. AU - Hodgson, J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Arnold, G.W., Dudzinski, M.L., (1978) Ethology of Free-ranging Domestic Animals: Ethology of Free-ranging Domestic Animals, p. 198. , Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam; New York, USA Netherlands. xi +; Baeza, M.J., Vallejo, V.R., Ecological mechanisms involved in dormancy breakage in Ulex parviflorus seeds (2006) Plant Ecology, 183 (2), pp. 191-205. , DOI 10.1007/s11258-005-9016-0; Beskow, W.B., (2001) Integration of Goats into Sheep and Cattle Grazing Systems As A Permanent Weed Control Tool, p. 206. , http://muir.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/2091, PhD thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North; Campbell, M.H., Holst, P.J., Auld, B.A., Medd, R.W., Control of three pasture weeds using goats (1979) Proceedings of the 7th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 201-205. , Sydney, Australia; Cheeke, P.R., Comparative toxicity and metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids [tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea)] in ruminants and nonruminant herbivores (1984) Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 64, pp. 201-202; Clark, D.A., Lambert, M.G., Rolston, M.P., Dymock, N., Diet selection by goats and sheep on hill country (1982) Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 42, pp. 155-157; Davidson, S., Goats help eliminate thistles (1990) Rural Research, pp. 16-19; Fawcett, E.J., Goats and blackberry control on hill country (1925) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 31, pp. 9-12; Holst, P.J., Allan, C.J., Targeted grazing of thistles using sheep and goats (1996) Plant Protection Quarterly, 11, pp. 271-273; Holst, P.J., Allan, C.J., Campbell, M.H., Gilmour, A.R., Grazing of pasture weeds by goats and sheep. 2. Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) (2004) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44 (6), pp. 553-557. , DOI 10.1071/EA97041; International rules for seed testing (1996) Rules 1996. Seed Science and Technology, 24, pp. 1-335. , ISTA; Lacey, J.R., Wallander, R., Olson-Rutz, K., Recovery, germinability, and viability of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) seeds ingested by sheep and goats (1992) Weed Technology, 6, pp. 599-602; Del Pozo, M., Osoro, K., Celaya, R., Effects of complementary grazing by goats on sward composition and on sheep performance managed during lactation in perennial ryegrass and white clover pastures (1998) Small Ruminant Research, 29 (2), pp. 173-184. , PII S0921448897001156; Rolston, M.P., Clark, D.A., Lambert, M.G., Scrub and coarse weed control by goats and sheep: Ballantrae trial (1983) Proceedings of the Ruakura Farmers Conference, pp. 55-57; Sakanoue, S., Kitahara, N., Hayashi, H., Biological control of Rumex obtusifolius L. by goat grazing (1995) Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 29, pp. 39-42; Simao Neto, M., Jones, R.M., Ratcliff, D., Recovery of pasture seed ingested by ruminants. 1. Seed of six tropical pasture species fed to cattle, sheep and goats (1987) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 27, pp. 239-246; Smith, M.C., Sherman, D.M., (1994) Goat Medicine, p. 620. , Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia PY - 2011 SP - 75-80 ST - Recovery and viability of seeds ingested by goats T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Recovery and viability of seeds ingested by goats UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055073774&partnerID=40&md5=416a58fd9b0af0a4d1838ef9eca3e34c VL - 64 ID - 301 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Knowledge of fungal populations decomposing Pinus radiata debris following harvesting may reveal a basidiomycete able to compete with pathogenic Armillaria species or help explain variation in decomposition rates. Decay fungi were isolated after 2 or 3 years from buried root segments and branch segments placed on the soil surface at six sites in New Zealand. A large variety of decay fungi was obtained, different species being isolated at each site, as well as from branch versus root segments. Communities of decay fungi were more diverse in branches (one species per 1.01 segments) than root debris (one species per 5.53 segments). At the same site species tended to differ between spatially separated replicates for branch but not root segments. For root segments, identical fungi were frequently obtained at different depths in the same replicate. This implies that branch segments were colonised separately by air-borne spores, whereas root segments were exposed to mycelial growth through the soil. Few fungi were identified, but three, Resinicium bicolor, Sistotrema sp. and Stereum sanguinolentum, are common in P. radiata woody debris. AU - Hood, I. A. AU - Garrett, L. G. AU - Gardner, J. F. AU - Pearce, S. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ah Chee, A., Farrell, R.L., Stewart, A., Hill, R.A., Decay potential of basidiomycete fungi from Pinus radiata New Zealand (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 235-240; Beets, P.N., Hood, I.A., Kimberley, M.O., Oliver, G.R., Pearce, S.H., Gardner, J.F., Coarse woody debris decay rates for seven indigenous tree species in the central North Island of New Zealand (2008) Forest Ecology and Management, 256, pp. 548-557; Butcher, J.A., (1967) Degrade by Fungi of Pinus Radiata Posts during Seasoning, p. 23. , New Zealand Forest Service Technical Paper 52. Wellington, New Zealand; Butcher, J.A., The ecology of fungi infecting untreated sapwood of Pinus radiata (1968) Canadian Journal of Botany, 46, pp. 1577-1589; Butcher, J.A., Drysdale, J.A., Biodeterioration and natural durability. Chapter 9 (1991) New Zealand Radiata Pine, pp. 902-927. , Kininmonth JA, Whitehouse LJ ed. New Zealand Ministry of Forestry, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand. ISBN: 0-47301181-6; Cunningham, G.H., Hydnaceae of New Zealand. Part II. The genus Odontia (1959) Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 86, pp. 65-103; Garrett, L.G., Oliver, G.R., Pearce, S.H., Kimberley, M.O., Decomposition of woody roots and branches in managed Pinus radiata forests-time series approach (2009) Report Prepared for the Ministry for the Environment, p. 23. , Client Report No. 45653, Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd.), Rotorua, New Zealand; Garrett, L.G., Kimberley, M.O., Oliver, G.R., Pearce, S.H., Tsh, P., Decomposition of woody debris in managed Pinus radiata plantations in New Zealand (2010) Forest Ecology and Management, 260, pp. 1389-1398; Heilmann-Clausen, J., Christensen, M., Does size matter? On the importance of various dead wood fractions for fungal diversity in Danish beech forests (2004) Forest Ecology and Management, 201 (1), pp. 105-117. , DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.010, PII S0378112704005195, Restoration and Research on Degraded Forest Ecosystems; Hood, I.A., Gardner, J.F., Colonisation of Pinus radiata thinning stumps by Armillaria and other basidiomycetes following treatment with Armillaria basidiospores (2005) Root and Butt Rots of Forest Trees. 11th International Conference on Root and Butt Rots, Poznán-Białowieza, pp. 196-208. , Mánka M, Łakomy P ed. , Poland, 16-22 August 2004. IUFRO Working Party 7.02.01. The August Cieszkowski Agricultural University, Poznán, Poland; Hood, I.A., Horner, I.J., Gardner, J.F., Sandberg, C.J., Armillaria root disease of pinus radiata in New Zealand. 1: Basidiospore dispersal (2002) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 32 (1), pp. 94-102; Hood, I.A., Petrini, L.E., Gardner, J.F., Colonisation of woody material in Pinus radiata plantations by Armillaria novae-zelandiae basidiospores (2008) Australasian Plant Pathology, 37 (4), pp. 347-352. , DOI 10.1071/AP08030; Hood, I.A., Beets, P.N., Gardner, J.F., Kimberley, M.O., Power, M.W.P., Ramsfield, T.D., Basidiomycete decay fungi within stems of Nothofagus windfalls in a Southern Hemisphere beech forest (2008) Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 38 (7), pp. 1897-1910. , http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/RPAS/RPViewDoc?_handler_= HandleInitialGet&calyLang=eng&journal=cjfr&volume= 38&articleFile=x08-041.pdf, DOI 10.1139/X08-041; (2010) National Exotic Forest Description As at 1 April 2010, Provisional Release, , MAF, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; McCarthy, J.K., Hood, I.A., Brockerhoff, E.G., Carlson, C.A., Pawson, S.M., Forward, M., Walbert, K., Gardner, J.F., Predicting sapstain and degrade in fallen trees following storm damage in a Pinus radiata forest (2010) Forest Ecology and Management, 260, pp. 1456-1466; Nobles, M.K., Identification of cultures of wood-inhabiting Hymenomycetes (1965) Canadian Journal of Botany, 43, pp. 1097-1139; Stalpers, J.A., Identification of woodinhabiting Aphyllophorales in pure culture (1978) Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, the Netherlands: Studies in Mycology, 16, pp. 1-248; Uzunovic, A., O'callahan, D., Kreber, B., Mechanical tree harvesters spread fungal inoculum onto freshly-felled Canadian and New Zealand pine logs (2004) Forest Products Journal, 54 (11), pp. 34-40; Vasiliauskas, R., Lygis, V., Larsson, K.-H., Stenlid, J., Airborne fungal colonisation of coarse woody debris in North Temperate Picea abies forest: Impact of season and local spatial scale (2005) Mycological Research, 109 (4), pp. 487-496. , DOI 10.1017/S0953756204002084; Vasiliauskas, R., Larsson, E., Larsson, K.-H., Stenlid, J., Persistence and long-term impact of Rotstop biological control agent on mycodiversity in Picea abies stumps (2005) Biological Control, 32 (2), pp. 295-304. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.10.008, PII S1049964404001999; Woodward, S., Diversity in monocultures: The sitka spruce stump (2003) 10th International Conference on Root and Butt Rots, pp. 47-54. , Laflamme G, Berube JA, Bussieres G ed. Root and Butt Rots of Forest Trees, Quebec, Canada, 16-22 September 2001. IUFRO Working Party 7.02.01. Information report LAU-X-126, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada PY - 2011 SP - 188-194 ST - Decay fungi in decomposing post-harvest Pinus radiata root and branch debris T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Decay fungi in decomposing post-harvest Pinus radiata root and branch debris UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055069648&partnerID=40&md5=2db603ae484099f93f15eeda6316c6b2 VL - 64 ID - 298 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Measuring pollen deposition onto stigmas by insects is one technique used to assess pollinator effectiveness, but it can be unpredictable and time-consuming as insects must visit test flowers. This study examined whether a measurement of pollen grains from flower-visiting insects could be used to predict pollen deposited on stigmas. Individuals were collected from four bee and six fly species as they visited pak choi flowers in commercial and trial seed fields to assess their body pollen. Pollen was removed from insects by pressing their bodies (excluding actively-collected pollen on bees' hind legs) with a cube of gelatinefuchsin. In this study, there appears to be a strong correlation between mean estimated pollen counts for each insect species and previously published data recording mean number of pollen grains deposited on stigmas for the same species. Therefore, the measurement of pollen grains directly from flower-visiting insects shows potential as a quicker and easier technique to assess pollinator effectiveness as insects can be directly collected from flowers. AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Walker, M. K. AU - Rader, R. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Newstrom-Lloyd, L. E. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cox-Foster, D.L., Conlan, S., Holmes, E.C., Palacios, G., Evans, J.D., Moran, N.A., Quan, P.-L., Lipkin, W.I., A metagenomic survey of microbes in honey bee colony collapse disorder (2007) Science, 318 (5848), pp. 283-287. , DOI 10.1126/science.1146498; Cunningham, S.A., FitzGibbon, F., Heard, T.A., The future of pollinators for Australian agriculture (2002) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 53 (8), pp. 893-900. , DOI 10.1071/AR01186; Howlett, B.G., Donovan, B.J., McCallum, J.A., Newstrom, L.E., Daj, T., Between and within field variability of New Zealand indigenous flower visitors to onions (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 213-218; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., McCallum, J.A., Daj, T., Small flower-visiting arthropods in New Zealand pak choi fields (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 86-91; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Donovan, B.J., Daj, T., Window traps and direct observations record similar arthropod flower visitor assemblages in two mass flowering crops (2009) Journal of Applied Entomology, 133, pp. 553-564; MacFarlane, R.P., Ferguson, A.M., Kiwifruit pollination: A survey of the insect pollinators in New Zealand (1984) V Symposium International sur la Pollination, pp. 367-373; Rader, R., Howlett, B.G., Cunningham, S.A., Westcott, D.A., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Walker, M.K., Daj, T., Edwards, W., Alternative pollinator taxa are equally efficient, but not as effective as the honeybee in a mass flowering crop (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 1080-1087; Winfree, R., Williams, N.M., Dushoff, J., Kremen, C., Native bees provide insurance against ongoing honey bee losses (2007) Ecology Letters, 10 (11), pp. 1105-1113. , DOI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01110.x PY - 2011 SP - 25-31 ST - Can insect body pollen counts be used to estimate pollen deposition on pak choi stigmas? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Can insect body pollen counts be used to estimate pollen deposition on pak choi stigmas? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055093167&partnerID=40&md5=e888eab3461f8ccad8a1c01d6b8b17dc VL - 64 ID - 330 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The entomopathogenic bacterium Yersinia entomophaga MH96 (Ye MH96) was produced by aerobic fermentation and applied in laboratory and field bioassays to control bronze beetle (Eucolaspis sp.). In the laboratory, bacteria were applied to apple leaves at a range of cell densities using a Potter Tower. After 6 days of exposure, the LC50 of fieldcollected beetles was calculated as approximately 5.0×106 cells/cm2 of leaf surface with high concentrations killing all treated adults. Time to death was inversely correlated with dose rate with the LT50 at the highest dose being 3.6 days. Marked apple shoots were sprayed in the field, each shoot enclosed in a sleeve cage and healthy beetles added. After 7 days, beetle mortality averaged 42% following a single application and 66% after multiple treatments. Leaf damage was reduced by bacterial application. The results show that Ye MH96 has potential for development as a biopesticide against this intractable pest of organic apple production. AU - Hurst, M. R. H. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Wright, D. A. AU - Townsend, R. J. AU - Bruening, R. AU - Cole, L. M. AU - Harper, L. A. AU - Jackson, T. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbott, W.S., A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide (1925) Economic Entomology, 18 (2), pp. 265-257; Mrh, H., Glare, T.R., (2006) Novel Bacteria and Uses Thereof, , WO/2007/142543PCT/NZ2007/000146; Mrh, H., Becher, S.A., Young, S.D., Nelson, T.L., Glare, T.R., Yersinia entomophaga sp. nov. isolated from the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica (2011) International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 61, pp. 844-849; Kay, M.K., Bronze beetle (1980) Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand, (49), p. 4. , New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua, New Zealand; Lysaght, A.M., Bronze beetle research (1930) Bulletin, 25, p. 32. , New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Miller, D., (1971) Common Insects in New Zealand, p. 178. , A. H. & A. W. Reed Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand; Rogers, D.J., Cole, L.M., Delate, K.M., Jts, W., Managing bronze beetle, Eucolaspis brunnea in organic apple orchards (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 57-62; Rogers, D.J., Cole, L.M., Fraser, T.M., Walker, J.T.S., Potential strategies to manage bronze beetle (Eucolaspsis SP.) in organic apple orchards (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 1-6; Rogers, D.J., Cole, L.M., Fraser, T.M., Jts, W., Managing bronze beetle Eucolaspis sp. in Hawke's Bay organic apple orchards using soil cultivation (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 285-290 PY - 2011 SP - 209-214 ST - Effect of the bacterium Yersinia entomophaga on adult bronze beetle T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of the bacterium Yersinia entomophaga on adult bronze beetle UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055084645&partnerID=40&md5=ce6cbf411ee6f5240c9729ca8882de76 VL - 64 ID - 310 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The wild type of broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum) is a serious emerging weed, currently prevalent in New Zealand sweet corn (Zea mays) crops. This study shows its seed is nearly twice the weight of other common grass weeds and can germinate in the temperature range 16-34°C, with 50% germination at 26°C and greatest germination occurring at 31°C. At 15°C it took 8 days for seedlings to emerge but required only 4 days at 25°C. Seed was able to emerge from depths of up to 170 mm in a range of soils. Experiments showed that broom corn millet seed can persist in the soil for longer than 2 years in the field but is killed in silage stack and bales. Immersion in stock effluent for up to three months reduced seed germination to less than 40%. These characteristics are discussed in relation to herbicide and management control options for this weed. AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. AU - McGill, C. R. AU - Trivedi, P. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Blackshaw, R.E., Rode, L.M., Effect of ensiling and rumen digestion by cattle on weed seed viability (1991) Weed Science, 39, pp. 104-108; Carpenter, J.L., Hopen, A comparison of the biology of wild and cultivated proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (1985) Weed Science, 33, pp. 795-799; Colosi, J.C., Cavers, P.B., Bough, M.A., Dormancy and survival in buried seeds of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (1988) Canadian Journal of Botany, 66 (1), pp. 161-168; Colosi, J.C., Schaal, B.A., Wild proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) is genetically variable and distinct from crop varieties of proso millet (1997) Weed Science, 45 (4), pp. 509-518; Coolbear, P., Francis, A., Grierson, D., The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment on the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds (1984) Journal of Experimental Botany, 35, pp. 1609-1617; Eberlein, V., Lurvey, E.L., Miller, T.L., Michael, J.L., Growth and development of wildproso millet (Panicum miliaceum) biotypes (1990) Weed Technology, 4, pp. 415-419; Harvey, R.G., Serious new weed threat: Wildproso millet (1979) Crops & Soils Magazine, 31 (2), pp. 10-13; Harvey, R.G., Dekker, J.H., Fawcett, R.S., Roeth, F.W., Wilson, R.G., Enhanced biodegradation of herbicides in soil and effects on weed control (1987) Weed Technology, 1, pp. 341-349; Harvey, R.G., McNevin, G.R., Combining cultural practices and herbicides to control wild-proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (1990) Weed Technology, 4, pp. 433-439; Humphreys, J., Culleton, N., Jansen, T., O'Riordan, E.G., Storey, T., Aspects of the role of cattle slurry in dispersal and seedling establishment of Rumex obtusifolius seed in grassland (1997) Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 36 (1), pp. 39-49; (2009) International Rules for Seed Testing Edition 2009, , ISTA The International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Webster, T., Waller, J., Emergence of weeds as affected by vertical seed distribution in arable soils (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 213-217; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trivedi, P.D., Broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum): A new menace for maize and sweetcorn growers in New Zealand (2010) Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Weeds Conference, pp. 32-34. , Zydenbos S ed. Christchurch, New Zealand; Khan, M., Cavers, P.B., Kane, M., Thompson, K., Role of the pigmented seed coat of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in imbibition, germination and seed persistence (1997) Seed Science Research, 7 (1), pp. 21-25; Kleppe, C.D., Harvey, R.G., Postemergencedirected herbicides control wild-proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (1991) Weed Technology, 5, pp. 746-752; Drj, M., Cavers, P.B., A comparison of seedling vigour in crop and weed biotypes of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (1991) Canadian Journal of Botany, 63, pp. 1659-1663; Reid, J.B., (2007) Sweet Corn Toolkit Manual, , Crop & Food Research, Hastings New Zealand; Sawma, J.T., Mohler, C.L., Evaluating seed viability by an unimbibed seed crush test in comparison with the tetrazolium test (2002) Weed Technology, 16, pp. 781-786; Shenk, M.D., Braunworth, W.S., Fernandez, R.J., Curtis, D.W., McGrath, D., William, R.D., Wildproso millet (Panicum miliaceum) control in sweet corn (Zea mays) (1990) Weed Technology, 4, pp. 440-445; Wiese, A.M., Binning, L.K., Calculating the threshold temperature of development for weeds (1987) Weed Science, 35, pp. 177-179; Zahnley, J.W., Fitch, J.B., Effect of ensiling on the viability of weed seeds (1934) Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, 26, pp. 816-822 PY - 2011 SP - 142-148 ST - Biology and survival of broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum) seed T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Biology and survival of broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum) seed UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055065663&partnerID=40&md5=ede476d0e900e19670c9760e417aadc0 VL - 64 ID - 309 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The recent invader Australian citrus whitefly (ACW) is causing severe sooty mould problems on citrus varieties throughout Northland, Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Gisborne and Hawke's Bay. Five insecticide programmes were applied to two orchards in Kerikeri and two orchards in Gisborne. Four programmes used foliar insecticide targeting adults in November 2009 (pymetrozine, diazinon, polyether modified polysiloxane or pyrethrin) followed by another targeting crawlers/young instars in December (spirotetramat, buprofezin, mineral oil or pyrethrin, respectively). The fifth programme was a single soil drench of imidacloprid in November. Reductions in ACW populations were achieved on trees treated with pymetrozine, then spirotetramat, diazinon then buprofezin or polyether modified polysiloxane, then mineral oil. These reductions were greater than those observed on untreated trees, pyrethrin-treated trees or imidacloprid-treated trees. Sooty mould on fruit and foliage was reduced with pymetrozine/spirotetramat, diazinon/buprofezin or polyether modified polysiloxane/mineral oil treatments at the sites where sooty mould was severe on untreated trees. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Pyle, K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Carver, M., Reid, I.A., (1996) Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) of Australia. Systematic Catalogue, Host Plant Spectra, Distribution, Natural Enemies and Biological Control, p. 55. , CSIRO Division of Entomology, Technical Paper No. 37. CSIRO, Canberra, Australia; Cooper, C.M., White fly of citrus (1961) Journal of Agriculture, South Australia, 65, p. 82; Gill, G., Citrus whitefly blows in (2001) Biosecurity Issue, 26, p. 19. , 15 March 2001; Hely, P.C., The entomology of citrus in New South Wales (1968) The Australian Entomological Society, p. 20. , Miscellaneous Publications 1; Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Curtis, C., Seasonal phenology of Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplauts citri) in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 69-75; Jamieson, L.E., Curtis, C., Chhagan, A., Thorpe, S., A survey of natural enemies in New Zealand citrus orchards infested with Orchamoplatus citri (2009) 3rd International Symposium of Biological Control of Arthropods, pp. 567-568. , 8-13 February 2009 Christchurch, New Zealand; Jamieson, L.E., Nem, P., Chhagan, A., Curtis, C., The efficacy of insecticides against Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri) (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 253-261; Martin, N.A., (1999) Whitefly Biology, Identification and Life Cycle, p. 8. , Crop & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand. Broadsheet No. 91; Pyle, K., (2009) The Current Status and Economic Impact of Australian Citrus Whitefly on New Zealand Citrus, p. 27. , Report to New Zealand Citrus Growers Inc., Pyle Orchards and Consulting, Katikati, Tauranga, New Zealand; Pyle, K.R., Minchin, S., (2009) Australian Citrus Whitefly Spray Trial. Part One of Three: Spray Applications Targeting Whitefly Adults NZCGI71, p. 10. , New Zealand Citrus Growers Inc. Report 71; Russell, L.M., Orchamoplatus. An Australasian genus (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (1958) Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16, pp. 389-410; Smith, D., Gac, B., Broadley, R., (1997) Citrus Pests and Their Natural Enemies: Integrated Pest Management in Australia, p. 272. , Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia PY - 2011 SP - 93-100 ST - Targeted insecticides to control Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Targeted insecticides to control Australian citrus whitefly (Orchamoplatus citri) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055067399&partnerID=40&md5=a23c36527012e54d50d677fa5bcc4b29 VL - 64 ID - 329 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Survival of the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans in soil, when applied as spore suspension or colonised solid substrate (maizemeal-perlite) inocula, and ability to infect Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia incorporated into the soil after different times was assessed over 6 months. Unambiguous detection of the C. minitans isolate from the indigenous C. minitans soil population was achieved using a hygromycin B resistant transformant (T3), which was similar in behaviour to the wild type LU112. Coniothyrium minitans was recovered from soil by dilution plating at all assessment times, with higher recovery from spore suspension compared with maizemeal-perlite amended soil. Coniothyrium minitans was able to infect and reduce viability of sclerotia incorporated into the amended soil over the 6 month experiment, with spore suspension significantly increasing infection compared with maizemeal-perlite inoculum. Hygromycin B amendment of the agar significantly increased C. minitans recovery from sclerotia, especially when the population of secondary fungal colonisers was high. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Stewart, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Adams, P.B., The potential of mycoparasites for biological control of plant diseases (1990) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 28, pp. 59-72; Bennett, A.J., Leifert, C., Whipps, J.M., Survival of Coniothyrium minitans associated with sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil (2006) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38 (1), pp. 164-172. , DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.04.032, PII S0038071705001896; Jones, E.E., Stewart, A., Selection of mycoparasites of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolated from New Zealand soils (2000) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 28, pp. 105-114; Jones, E., Carpenter, M., Fong, D., Goldstein, A., Thrush, A., Crowhurst, R., Stewart, A., Co-transformation of the sclerotial mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans with hygromycin B resistance and glucuronidase markers (1999) Mycological Research, 103 (8), pp. 929-937. , DOI 10.1017/S0953756298008168; Jones, E.E., Mead, A., Whipps, J.M., Evaluation of different Coniothyrium minitans inoculum sources and application rates on apothecial production and infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia (2003) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35 (3), pp. 409-419. , DOI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00292-4; Jones, E.E., Stewart, A., Whipps, J.M., Use of Coniothyrium minitans transformed with the hygromycin B resistance gene to study survival and infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia in soil (2003) Mycological Research, 107 (3), pp. 267-276. , DOI 10.1017/S0953756203007457; Jones, E.E., Mead, A., Whipps, J.M., Effect of inoculum type and timing of application of Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: Control of sclerotinia disease in glasshouse lettuce (2004) Plant Pathology, 53 (5), pp. 611-620. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01071.x; Li, G.Q., Huang, H.C., Acharya, S.N., Erickson, R.S., Effectiveness of Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma atroviride in suppression of sclerotinia blossom blight of alfalfa (2006) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 114, pp. 345-355; McQuilken, M.P., Mitchell, S.J., Budge, S.P., Whipps, J.M., Fenlon, J.S., Archer, S.A., Effect of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotial survival and apothecial production of Sclerotinia sclerotioruM in field-grown oilseed rape (1995) Plant Pathology, 44 (5), pp. 883-896; Rabeendran, N., Jones, E.E., Moot, D.J., Stewart, A., Biocontrol of Sclerotinia lettuce drop by Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma hamatum (2006) Biological Control, 39 (3), pp. 352-362. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.06.004, PII S1049964406001678; Williams, R.G., Whipps, J.M., Growth and transmission of Coniothyrium minitans in soil (1995) Bulletin International Organisation for Biological Control, 18 (3), pp. 39-43 PY - 2011 SP - 168-174 ST - Coniothyrium minitans survival in soil and ability to infect sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Coniothyrium minitans survival in soil and ability to infect sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055081929&partnerID=40&md5=a37f20e1eba74fa2f2b2065777c3e294 VL - 64 ID - 293 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Superparasitism (repeated oviposition in same host) indicates either a fitness benefit for the parasitoid, or an inability of ovipositing females to discriminate parasitised versus unparasitised hosts. Superparasitism in Diaeretiella rapae, the solitary endoparasitoid of cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, was studied in the laboratory. When given a choice of parasitised and unparasitised aphids, 70% of females made their attack on unparasitised hosts first, even though already-parasitised aphids were less defensive to parasitoid attack and ovipositing females had shorter host-handling time. The female superparasitised hosts during repeated attack and the large hosts were superparasitised more often than the small ones. Although superparasitised hosts carried two to five parasitoid larvae, only one larva developed into an adult. The body size of parasitoid larvae, as measured 4 days after oviposition, was affected by the total number of larvae in the host. Superparasitism strategies of D. rapae are discussed in the context of reproductive fitness. AU - Kant, R. AU - Minor, M. A. AU - Trewick, S. A. AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bai, B., Mackauer, M., Influence of superparasitism on development rate and adult size in a solitary parasitoid wasp, Aphidius ervi (1992) Functional Ecology, 6 (3), pp. 302-307; Goubault, M., Plantegenest, M., Poinsot, D., Cortesero, A.M., Effect of expected offspring survival probability on host selection in a solitary parasitoid (2003) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 109 (2), pp. 123-131. , DOI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2003.00101.x; Hcj, G., (1994) Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology, , Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Hamelin, F., Bernhard, P., Wajnberg, E., Superparasitism as a differential game (2007) Theoretical Population Biology, 72 (3), pp. 366-378. , DOI 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.07.005, PII S0040580907000743; Jaramillo, J., Borgemeister, C., Setamou, M., Field superparasitism by Phymastichus coffea, a parasitoid of adult coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (2006) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 119 (3), pp. 231-237. , DOI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00413.x; Jervis, M., Copland, M., Harvey, J., The life-cycle (2005) Insects As Natural Enemies, pp. 73-165. , Jervis M ed Springer, The Netherlands; Kant, R., Wrm, S., He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Effect of host age on searching and oviposition behaviour of Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 355-361; Kant, R., Wang, Q., Wrm, S., Female Diaeretiella rapae receive more reproductive fitness by parasitising older Brevicoryne brassicae nymphs (2009) Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods Held in Christchurch, pp. 568-569. , Mason PG, Gillespie DR, Vincent C ed. New Zealand. USDA, Forest Service, Morgantown, WV, USA; Keasar, T., Segoli, M., Barak, R., Steinberg, S., Giron, D., Strand, M.R., Bouskila, A., Harari, A.R., Costs and consequences of superparasitism in the polyembryonic parasitoid Copidosoma koehleri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (2006) Ecological Entomology, 31, pp. 277-283; Lester, P.J., Holtzer, T.O., Patch and prey utilization behaviors by Aphelinus albipodus and Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae and Aphidiidae) on Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) (2002) Biological Control, 24 (2), pp. 183-191. , DOI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00016-6, PII S1049964402000166; Phillips, C.B., Observations of oviposition behavior of Microctonus hyperodae Loan and M. aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) (2002) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 11, pp. 326-337; Pike, K.S., Stary, P., Miller, T., Allison, D., Graf, G., Boydston, L., Miller, R., Gillespie, R., Host range and habitats of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in Washington State (1999) Environmental Entomology, 28 (1), pp. 61-71; Reynolds, K.T., Hardy, I.C.W., Superparasitism: A non-adaptive strategy? (2004) Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19 (7), pp. 347-348. , DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.03.021, PII S016953470400076X; Rosenheim, J.A., Hongkham, D., Clutch size in an obligately siblicidal parasitoid wasp (1996) Animal Behaviour, 51, pp. 841-852; Csa, S., Ramos Filho, I.T., Torres, J.B., Barros, R., Superparasitism and host size effects in Oomyzus sokolowskii, a parasitoid of diamondback moth (2009) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 133, pp. 65-73; Van Alphen, J.J.M., Visser, M.E., Superparasitism as an adaptive strategy for insect parasitoids (1990) Annual Review of Entomology, 35 (1), pp. 59-79; Van Lenteren, J., Bakker, K., Van Alphen, J., How to analyse host discrimination? (1978) Ecological Entomology, 3, pp. 71-75; Volkl, W., MacKauer, M., Age-specific pattern of host discrimination by the aphid parasitoid Ephedrus californicus Baker (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (1990) Canadian Entomologist, 122, pp. 349-361; Zhang, J.H., Gu, L.Q., Wang, C.Z., Superparasitism behavior and host discrimination of Campoletis chlorideae (Ichneumonidae: Hymenoptera) toward Mythimna separata (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) (2010) Environmental Entomology, 39, pp. 1249-1254; Zhang, W.Q., Hassan, S.A., Use of the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (McIntoch) to control the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (2003) Journal of Applied Entomology, 127 (9-10), pp. 522-526. , DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0418.2003.00792.x PY - 2011 SP - 37-43 ST - Host selection for self-superparasitism by Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Host selection for self-superparasitism by Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055094230&partnerID=40&md5=7004b90865ca3f38719b479a5bd3647e VL - 64 ID - 300 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) crop is propagated vegetatively by field transplanting adventitious sprouts produced on storage roots retained from the previous season's harvest. This system promotes the persistence and accumulation of both viruses and spontaneous mutations. A phenomenon known as cultivar decline has been reported internationally, where the root yield and appearance of commercially grown sweetpotato cultivars appear to deteriorate over successive growing seasons. The relative contributions of virus infection and plant mutation to cultivar decline are uncertain, but both issues are addressed through the use of virus-tested tissue cultured propagation systems. This study assessed the degree of decline for cultivars 'Owairaka Red' and 'Beauregard' within the New Zealand biophysical production environment. Storage root yield decreased significantly with increasing field exposure, for both cultivars (P<0.001). The general appearance of 'Beauregard' roots deteriorated with greater field exposure, but the appearance of 'Owairaka Red' showed no significant change (P<0.001). AU - Lewthwaite, S. L. AU - Fletcher, P. J. AU - Fletcher, J. D. AU - Triggs, C. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bryan, A.D., Pesic-VanEsbroeck, Z., Schultheis, J.R., Pecota, K.V., Swallow, W.H., Yencho, G.C., Cultivar Decline in Sweetpotato: I. Impact of Micropropagation on Yield, Storage Root Quality, and Virus Incidence in 'Beauregard' (2003) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128 (6), pp. 846-855; Clark, C.A., Valverde, R.A., Viruses and sweetpotato cultivar decline in Louisiana, USA (2001) 2000 International Workshop on Sweetpotato Cultivar Decline, pp. 62-69. , Nakazawa Y, Ishiguro K ed. . Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan; Clark, C.A., Valverde, R.A., Fuentes, S., Salazar, L.F., Moyer, J.W., Research for improved management of sweetpotato pests and diseases: Cultivar decline (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 583, pp. 103-112; Edmond, J.B., Ammerman, G.R., Sweetpotatoes: Production, processing and marketing (1971) AVI, Westernport, p. 334. , Connecticut, USA; Feng, G., Yifu, G., Pinbo, Z., Production and deployment of virus-free sweetpotato in China (2000) Crop Protection, 19 (2), pp. 105-111. , DOI 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00085-X, PII S026121949900085X; Fletcher, J.D., Lewthwaite, S.L., Fletcher, P.J., Dannock, J., Sweetpotato (kumara) virus disease survey, Kaipara district 1998 (2001) 2000 International Workshop on Sweetpotato Cultivar Decline, pp. 42-47. , Nakazawa Y, Ishiguro K ed, Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan; Gao, F., Gong, Y., Zhang, P., Production and deployment of virus-free sweetpotato in China (2000) Crop Protection, 19, pp. 105-111; Huett, D.O., Evaluation of sources of propagating-material for sweet-potato production (1982) Scientia Horticulturae, 16, pp. 1-7; Kokkinos, C.D., (2002) Viral Stress Activation of Retrotransposons in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.), p. 72. , Masters thesis, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA; La Bonte, D.R., Villordon, A.Q., Fajardo, D.S., Mutations in sweetpotato (2001) 2000 International Workshop on Sweetpotato Cultivar Decline, pp. 1-9. , Nakazawa Y, Ishiguro K ed, Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan; Lebot, V., (2009) Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yams and Aroids, p. 413. , CABI, Wallingford, UK; Lewthwaite, S.L., Commercial sweetpotato production in New Zealand: Foundations for the future (1998) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sweetpotato Production Systems Toward the 21st Century, pp. 33-50. , LaBonte DR, Yamashita M, Mochida H ed. Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan; Lewthwaite, S.L., Fletcher, J.D., Viral infection of the kumara crop (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 276. , (Abstract); Loebenstein, G., Thottappilly, G., Fuentes, S., Cohen, J., (2009) Virus and Phytoplasma Diseases, pp. 105-134. , The sweetpotato. Loebenstein G, Thottappilly G ed. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany; Njeru, R.W., Mwk, M., Cheramgoi, E., Gibson, R.W., Kiburi, Z.M., Obudho, E., Yobera, D., Studies on the physiological effects of viruses on sweet potato yield in Kenya (2004) Annals of Applied Biology, 145, pp. 71-76; Okpul, T., Maltby, J., Guaf, E., Coleman, E.A., Dennien, S., Harding, R.M., Dieters, M.J., Godwin, I.D., Cultivar-specific effects of pathogen testing on storage root yield of sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (2011) Annals of Applied Biology, 158, pp. 288-296; Over De Linden, A.J., Elliot, R.F., Virus infection in Ipomoea batatas and a method for its elimination (1971) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 14, pp. 720-724; Pearson, M.N., Grg, C., Guy, P.L., Fletcher, J.D., Reb, B., A review of the plant virus, viroid and mollicute records for New Zealand (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 217-252; Perez-Egusquiza, Z., Ward, L.I., Grg, C., Fletcher, J.D., Detection of sweet potato virus 2 in sweet potato in New Zealand (2009) Plant Disease, 93, p. 427; Rolston, L.H., Clarke, C.A., Cannon, J.M., Randle, W.M., Riley, E.G., Wilson, P.W., Robbins, M.L., Beauregard' sweet potato (1987) HortScience, 22, pp. 1338-1339; Sterrett, S.B., Graves, B., Savage Jr., C.P., Cooler, F.W., Shore Gold' sweetpotato (1987) HortScience, 22, pp. 332-333; Villordon, A.Q., Cannon, J.M., Carroll, H.L., Franklin, J.W., Clark, C.A., LaBonte, D.R., Sweetpotato 'Beauregard' Mericlones Vary in Yield, Vine Characteristics, and Storage Root Size and Shape Attributes (2003) HortScience, 38 (6), pp. 1089-1092; Villordon, A.Q., La Bonte, D.R., Variation in randomly amplified DNA markers and storage root yield in 'Jewel' sweetpotato clones (1995) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 120, pp. 734-740; Villordon, A.Q., LaBonte, D.R., Genetic variation among sweetpotatoes propagated through nodal and adventitious sprouts (1996) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 121 (2), pp. 170-174; Williams, E.R., John, J.A., Construction of row and column designs with contiguous replicates (1989) Applied Statistics, 38, pp. 149-154; Zhang, L.-M., Wang, Q.-M., Ma, D.-F., Wang, Y., The effect of major viruses and virus-free planting materials on sweetpotato root yield in China (2006) Acta Horticulturae, 703, pp. 71-77. , Proceedings of the IIth International Symposium on Sweetpotato and Cassava: "Innovative Technologies for Commercialization" PY - 2011 SP - 160-167 ST - Cultivar decline in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Cultivar decline in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055101190&partnerID=40&md5=78404de569b967f47a538ecaaa7c49cf VL - 64 ID - 303 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata causes a disease of the sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) plant commonly known as black rot. This study evaluated sweetpotato cultivar susceptibility to C. fimbriata infection. During crop production, infection of sweetpotato storage roots may take place by transmission from contaminated transplants, but generally the pathogen is introduced directly through openings in the periderm. These openings may take the form of damaged secondary lateral roots, lenticels or wounds. In a laboratorybased bioassay, storage roots were punctured then point-inoculated with the pathogen. Following incubation under warm humid conditions, the dimensions of black rot lesions were compared. The predominant New Zealand cultivar 'Owairaka Red' was demonstrably less susceptible to C. fimbriata than the Japanese cultivar 'Beniazuma', but significantly more susceptible than 'Beauregard' from the United States of America (P<0.001). The rate of increase in lesion diameter for the most susceptible cultivar assessed was almost twice that of the least susceptible. AU - Lewthwaite, S. L. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Triggs, C. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Broadhurst, P.G., Lewthwaite, S.L., Triggs, C.M., Field evaluation of sweetpotato cultivars for resistance to Sclerotinia rot (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 89-92; Cheo, P.C., Varietal differences in susceptibility of sweet potato to black rot fungus (1953) Phytopathology, 43, pp. 78-81; Clark, C.A., Holmes, G.J., Ferrin, D.M., Major fungal and bacterial diseases (2009) The Sweetpotato, pp. 81-103. , Loebenstein G, Thottappily G ed Springer, Heidelberg, Germany; Clark, C.A., Lawrence, A., Martin, F.A., Accumulation of furanoterpenoids in sweet potato tissue following inoculation with different pathogens (1981) Phytopathology, 71, pp. 708-711; Clark, C.A., Moyer, J.W., (1988) Compendium of Sweet Potato Diseases, p. 74. , American Phytopathological Society Press, Minnesota, USA; Clark, C.A., Watson, B., Susceptibility of weed species of Convolvulaceae to root-infecting pathogens of sweet potato (1983) Plant Disease, 67, pp. 907-909; Coleman, B.P., Vegetable production: Hygienic methods essential for propagating kumara plants (1962) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 105, p. 431. , 433, 435; Coleman, B.P., Kumara growing (1972) New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Bulletin, 294, p. 44. , Government printer, AR Shearer, Wellington, New Zealand; Halsted, B.D., Some fungous diseases of the sweet potato. The black rot (1890) New Jersey Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin, 76, pp. 7-14; Hiura, M., Studies on storage and rot of sweet potatoes (2) (1943) Report of the Gifu Agricultural College, 50, pp. 1-5; Kirk, T.W., (1907) Annual Report, 15, pp. 135-258. , Divisions of Biology, Horticulture, and Publications. Report of TW Kirk, Biologist, Chief of Divisions. New Zealand Department of Agriculture; Lewthwaite, S.L., Commercial sweetpotato production in New Zealand: Foundations for the future (1998) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sweetpotato Production Systems Toward the 21st Century, pp. 33-50. , LaBonte DR, Yamashita M, Mochida H ed Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan; Martin, W.J., Hasling, V.C., Catalano, E.A., Dupuy, H.P., Effect of sweet potato cultivars and pathogens on ipomeamarone content of diseased tissue (1978) Phytopathology, 68, pp. 863-865; Nielsen, L.W., Yen, D.E., Resistance in sweetpotato to the scurf and black rot pathogens (1966) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 9, pp. 1032-1041; Philpott, M., Gould, K.S., Markham, K.R., Lewthwaite, S.L., Ferguson, L.R., Enhanced coloration reveals high antioxidant potential in new sweetpotato cultivars (2003) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83 (10), pp. 1076-1082. , DOI 10.1002/jsfa.1504; Quinn, J., Profitable kumara growing on flats in Northland (1968) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 116, pp. 17-21; Rolston, L.H., Clarke, C.A., Cannon, J.M., Randle, W.M., Riley, E.G., Wilson, P.W., Robbins, M.L., Beauregard' sweet potato (1987) HortScience, 22, pp. 1338-1339; Shiga, T., Sakamoto, S., Ando, T., Ishikawa, H., Kato, S., Takemata, T., Umehara, M., On a new sweet potato cultivar 'Beniazuma' (1985) Bulletin of the National Agriculture Research Center, 3, pp. 73-84; Slade, D.A., Black rot an important disease of kumaras (1960) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 100 (375), pp. 377-378; Woolfe, J.A., (1992) Sweet Potato: An Untapped Food Resource, p. 643. , Cambridge University Press; Young, J.M., Fletcher, M.J., (1999) International Collection of Micro-Organisms from Plants: Catalogue Accessions 12990-13771: 3rd Edition Supplement, p. 45. , Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand PY - 2011 SP - 1-6 ST - Sweetpotato cultivar susceptibility to infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Sweetpotato cultivar susceptibility to infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055101192&partnerID=40&md5=71f6edaf867c5ef5e22b2e2e2f0b55f1 VL - 64 ID - 322 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grapevine leafroll-associated Virus 3 debilitates grapevines, reducing yields and juice quality, and eventually makes vineyards uneconomic. Mealybugs (Pseudococcus spp.) are the key insect pests of grapes in New Zealand because they are the principal vectors of this virus. Until recently, all insecticides registered for their control depended on direct contact, but mealybugs live in hard-to-treat parts of vines. This research tested the efficacy of two neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and SCAL 5085, that have translaminar and systemic activity. Two field trials were conducted on commercial vineyards with the insecticides applied as soil drenches. In the first trial, imidacloprid applied at 0.525 g ai/vine reduced mealybug abundance by >99% compared with untreated vines, and autumn and spring applications were equally effective. Half this rate was less effective, although drenching in autumn was better than in spring. In the second trial, treatments were applied in winter, and SCAL 5085 at 0.263 g ai/vine provided equivalent control to imidacloprid at 0.525 g ai/vine. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, V.A., Rge, B., Jts, W., Lo, P.L., MacKay, J.F., McGregor, S.E., Grapevine leafroll associated Virus 3 persistence in Vitis vinifera remnant roots (2009) Journal of Plant Pathology, 91, pp. 515-521; Charles, J.G., Bell, V.A., Lo, P.L., Cole, L.M., Chhagan, A., Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their natural enemies in New Zealand vineyards from 1993-2009 (2010) New Zealand Entomologist, 33, pp. 84-91; Daane, K.M., Bentley, W.J., Walton, V.M., Malakar- Kuenen, R., Millar, J.G., Ingels, C.A., Weber, E.A., Gispert, C., New controls investigated for vine mealybug (2006) California Agriculture, 60, pp. 31-38; Elbert, A., Haas, M., Springer, B., Thielert, W., Nauen, R., Applied aspects of neonicotinoid uses in crop protection (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 1099-1105; Elbert, A., Nauen, R., New applications for neonicotinoid insecticides using imidacloprid as an example (2004) Insect Pest Management: Field and Protected Crops, pp. 29-44. , Horowitz AR, Ishaaya I ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Golino, D.A., Sim, S.T., Gill, R., Rowhani, A., California mealybugs can spread grapevine leafroll disease (2002) California Agriculture, 56, pp. 196-201; Lo, P.L., Bell, V.A., Jts, W., Maximising the effectiveness of insecticides to control mealybugs in vineyards (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 296-301; Petersen, C.L., Charles, J.G., Transmission of grapevine leafroll-associated closteroviruses by Pseudococcus longispinus and P. calceolariae (1997) Plant Pathology, 46 (4), pp. 509-515 PY - 2011 SP - 101-106 ST - Soil applications of two neonicotinoid insecticides to control mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) in vineyards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Soil applications of two neonicotinoid insecticides to control mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) in vineyards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055074339&partnerID=40&md5=328bf5979a1f403ecacfcf4a5964f230 VL - 64 ID - 311 ER - TY - JOUR AB - European earwigs are sensitive to the residues of broad-spectrum insecticides. More earwigs are found on organically-managed than on conventionally-managed kiwifruit orchards. Since 2007 there have been changes in insecticide use on kiwifruit orchards. In particular, the broad-spectrum insecticide diazinon was replaced by so-called "reduced-risk" insecticides. In the current study earwig numbers were measured in nine conventionallymanaged and seven organically-managed orchards for 4 years (2006-07 to 2009-10). Numbers of earwigs on orchard blocks under organic management did not differ between years and were initially higher than on conventionally-managed orchard blocks. There was a trend for earwig numbers to increase on conventionally-managed orchard blocks. Earwig abundance decreased by approximately 60% with each spray application after allowing for differences between years. AU - Logan, D. P. AU - Maher, B. J. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2009) Agrichemicals Roundup, , http://www.newzealandgap.co.nz/users/Image/PDFs/NZGap/ ARounduponAgrichemicalsApril09_Grower.pdf, Anon (accessed 25 March 2011); (2009) Database on Active Substances, , http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/ database_act_subs_en.htm, Anon (accessed 25 March 2011); (2011) What Is the Conventional Reduced Risk Pesticide Program?, , http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/workplan/reducedrisk.html, Anon (accessed 25 March 2011); Boyd, M.L., Boethel, D.J., Susceptibility of Predaceous Hemipteran Species to Selected Insecticides on Soybean in Louisiana (1998) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91 (2), pp. 401-409; Bozsik, A., Francis, F., Gaspar, C., Haubruge, E., Effect of some insecticides on acetylcholinesterase from beneficial insects: Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysoperla carnea and Forficula auricularia (2002) Mededelingen Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 67 (3), pp. 671-677; Cisneros, J., Goulson, D., Derwent, L.C., Penagos, D.I., Hernandez, O., Williams, T., Toxic effects of spinosad on predatory insects (2002) Biological Control, 23 (2), pp. 156-163. , DOI 10.1006/bcon.2001.1000; Colvin, B., Cranshaw, W., Comparison of over-The-counter insecticides for managing the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) (2010) Southwestern Entomologist, 35 (1), pp. 69-74; Ffrench-Constant, R.H., Vickerman, G.P., Soil contact toxicity of insecticides to the European earwig Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) (1985) Entomophaga, 30 (3), pp. 271-278; Hewa-Kapuge, S., McDougall, S., Hoffman, A.A., Effects of methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb, and other insecticides on the beneficial egg parasitoid Trichograma nr. brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under laboratory and field conditions (2003) Journal of Economic Entomology, 96 (4), pp. 1083-1090; Koss, A.M., Jensen, A.S., Schreiber, A., Pike, K.S., Snyder, W.E., Comparison of predator and pest communities in Washington potato fields treated with broad-spectrum, selective, or organic insecticides (2005) Environmental Entomology, 34 (1), pp. 87-95; Maher, B.J., Connolly, P.G., Effect of preand post-blossom insecticide residues on European earwig, Forficula auricularia, in kiwifruit (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 413. , (Abstract only); Maher, B.J., Logan, D.P., European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, and predation of scale insects in organic and conventionally managed kiwifruit (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 249-253; Maher, B.J., Logan, D.P., Connolly, P.G., Effect of mineral oil and diazinon residues on the predator European earwig, Forficula auricularia, in kiwifruit (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 202-207; Naranjo, S.E., Ellsworth, P.C., Hagler, J.R., Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: Role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci (2004) Biological Control, 30, pp. 54-72; Nicholas, A.H., Thwaite, W.G., Toxicity of chemicals commonly used in Australian apple orchards to the European earwig Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) (2003) General and Applied Entomology, 32, pp. 9-12; (2010) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing,Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL; Shaw, P.D., Wallis, D.R., Susceptibility of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, to insecticide residues on apple leaves (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 55-59; Sterk, G., Hassan, S.A., Baillod, M., Bakker, F., Bigler, F., Blumel, S., Bogenschutz, H., Vogt, H., Results of the seventh joint pesticide testing programme carried out by the IOBC/WPRS-Working Group 'Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms' (1999) BioControl, 44 (1), pp. 99-117; Steven, D., Benge, J., Sprays on New Zealand kiwifruit - Use patterns and outcomes (2007) Acta Horticulturae, 753, pp. 711-718; Steven, D., Hill, G., Max, S., McKenna, C., Kay, S., Managing scale without diazinon - Back to the future (2007) NZ Kiwifruit Journal, pp. 57-60. , Sept/Oct; Todd, J.H., Malone, L.A., McArdle, B.H., Benge, J., Poulton, J., Thorpe, S., Beggs, J.R., Invertebrate community richness in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards under organic or integrated pest management (2011) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, , Doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.007; Vogt, H., Just, J., Grutzmacher, A., Impact of four insecticides on the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L., in an apple orchard (2008) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, pp. 112-116 PY - 2011 SP - 49-54 ST - Increased numbers of earwigs (Forficula auricularia) in kiwifruit orchards are associated with fewer broad-spectrum sprays T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Increased numbers of earwigs (Forficula auricularia) in kiwifruit orchards are associated with fewer broad-spectrum sprays UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055075816&partnerID=40&md5=860275980ff229fcea51c3f5e0a044d5 VL - 64 ID - 307 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The herbicides flumetsulam, thifensulfuron-methyl and MCPA were compared for their efficacy against giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris subsp. acris L.) and their damage to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens). The tolerance of perennial ryegrass and white clover to five rates of each herbicide was measured using swards either sown in pots or transplanted from the field. The total clover yield harvested over 5 months from newly-sown pasture was 80, 59 and 4% of the untreated control for flumetsulam, thifensulfuron-methyl and MCPA applied at label rates and 95, 40 and 30% for transplanted swards respectively. The biomass yield of giant buttercup 3 months after treatment was 1, 22 and 2% of the untreated control for flumetsulam, thifensulfuron-methyl and MCPA applied at the label rate. Together these experiments suggest that flumetsulam is the most effective and least pasture-damaging of these three herbicides. AU - Lusk, C. S. AU - Bourdôt, G. W. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Hurrell, G. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bourdôt, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Differential tolerance of MCPA among giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris) biotypes in Takaka, Golden Bay (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 231-234; Bourdôt, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Variation in the efficacy of a mycoherbicide and two synthetic herbicide alternatives (2007) XII Th International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 507-511; Bourdôt, G.W., Saville, D.J., Giant buttercup - A threat to sustainable dairy farming in New Zealand (2010) Proceedings of the Australasian Dairy Science Symposium, pp. 355-359. , Lincoln University, New Zealand; Bowran, D., Wilson, B., Swarbrick, J., Differential response of four pasture legume species to broad-leaf herbicides (1993) Proceedings of the Queensland Weed Society Conference, pp. 181-185; Ceballos, R., Palma, G., Brevis, H., Ortega, F., Quiroz, A., Effect of five postemergence herbicides on red clover shoot and root growth in greenhouse studies (2004) Phytoprotection, 85 (3), pp. 153-160; Gilmour, J.G., Broadstrike and Broadstrike+diuron use in subterranean clover and medic pastures in Western Australia (1996) Proceedings of the 11th Australian Weeds Conference., pp. 326-330; Gomand, M., Luxen, P., Salembier, J.F., Trials for control of Rumex in permanent pasture with metsulfuron-methyl (1991) Mededelingen Van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 56, pp. 701-709; Harris, B.M., Husband, B.M., Flumetsulam for control of giant buttercup in pasture (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 472-476; Harris, S.L., Auldist, M.J., Clark, D.A., Jansen, E.B.L., Effects of white clover content in the diet on herbage intake, milk production and milk composition of New Zealand dairy cows housed indoors (1998) Journal of Dairy Research, 65 (3), pp. 389-400. , DOI 10.1017/S0022029998002969; Popay, A.I., Barlow, N.D., Bourdôt, G.W., Economics of controlling Ranunculus acris in New Zealand dairy pastures (1989) Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Weeds, 3, pp. 943-948; Rahman, A., Martin, A., Pasture tolerance to spring applications of the herbicide thiameturon-methyl (1989) Proceedings of the 42nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 35-38; Tozer, K., Barker, G., Cameron, C., James, T., Relationship between seedbank and aboveground botanical composition during spring (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 90-95; Young, S., (2009) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 779. , Agrimedia Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2011 SP - 86-92 ST - Pasture tolerance and efficacy of three herbicides used against giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris subsp. acris L.) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pasture tolerance and efficacy of three herbicides used against giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris subsp. acris L.) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055083668&partnerID=40&md5=c07d4616346ca02dde0b409f39e4549a VL - 64 ID - 323 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are currently represented in New Zealand by eight active ingredients: bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fluaxapyroxad, fluopyram, isopyrazam, penthiopyrad and sedaxane. They are either currently registered or undergoing development in New Zealand for use against a range of ascomycete and basiodiomycete pathogens in crops, including cereals, ryegrass seed, apples, pears, grapes, stonefruit, cucurbits and kiwifruit. These fungicides are considered to have medium to high risk of resistance development, and resistance management is recommended by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) in Europe. Guidelines are presented for use of SDHI fungicides in New Zealand to help avoid or delay the development of resistance in the fungal pathogens that they target. AU - McKay, A. H. AU - Hagerty, G. C. AU - Follas, G. B. AU - Moore, M. S. AU - Christie, M. S. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Avenot, H.F., Michailides, T.J., Resistance to boscalid fungicide in Alternaria alternata isolates from Pistachio in California (2007) Plant Disease, 91 (10), pp. 1345-1350. , DOI 10.1094/PDIS-91-10-1345; Avenot, H.F., Michailides, T.J., Progress in understanding molecular mechanisms and evolution of resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibiting (SDHI) fungicides in phytopathogenic fungi (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 643-651; Bardas, G.A., Veloukas, T., Koutita, O., Karaoglanidis, G.S., Multiple resistance of Botrytis cinerea from kiwifruit to SDHIs QoIs and fungicides of other chemical groups (2010) Pest Management Science, 66, pp. 967-973; Beresford, R.M., Follas, G.B., Hagerty, G.C., Harrington, K.C., Martin, N.A., The New Zealand Committee on Pesticide Resistance (NZCPR) (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 393-394; Ple, B., Hargreaves, J.A., A single amino-acid change in the iron-sulphur protein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase confers resistance to carboxin in Ustilago maydis (1992) Current Genetics, 22, pp. 117-121; Honda, Y., Matsuyama, T., Irie, T., Watanabe, T., Kuwahara, M., Carboxin resistance transformation of the homobasidiomycete fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (2000) Current Genetics, 37 (3), pp. 209-212; Ito, Y., Muraguchi, H., Seshime, Y., Oita, S., Yanagi, S.O., Flutolanil and carboxin resistance in Coprinus cinereus conferred by a mutation in the cytochrome b (2004) Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 272, pp. 328-335; Jpr, K., White, G.A., Hargreaves, J.A., Isolation, characterization and sequence of a gene conferring resistance to the systemic fungicide carboxin from the maize smut pathogen, Ustilago maydis (1991) Current Genetics, 19, pp. 475-481; Kim, Y.K., Xiao, C.L., Resistance to pyraclostrobin and boscalid in Botrytis cinerea populations from apple in Washington State (2009) Phytopathology, 99, pp. S62. , (abstract only); McGrath, M.T., Fungicide sensitivity in Podosphaera xanthii and efficacy for cucurbit powdery mildew in NY USA in 2003-2006 (2008) Journal of Plant Pathology, 90, pp. S2. , (abstract only); Miazzi, M., McGrath, M.T., Sensitivity of Podosphaera xanthii to registered fungicides and experimentals in GA and NY, USA, in 2007 (2008) Journal of Plant Pathology, 90, pp. S2. , (abstract only); Miyamoto, T., Ishii, H., Seko, T., Kobori, S., Tomita, Y., Occurrence of Corynespora cassiicola isolates resistant to boscalid on cucumber in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan (2009) Plant Pathology, 58, pp. 1144-1151; (2009) New Zealand Committee on Pesticide Resistance Mode of Action/ Activity Group Codes for Crop Protection Chemicals, , http://ww.nzpps.org/resistance/pdfs/moa_codes.pdf, NZPPS New Zealand Plant Protection Society December 2009; Skinner, W., Bailey, A., Renwick, A., Keon, J., Gurr, S., Hargreaves, J., A single amino-acid substitution in the iron-sulphur protein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase determines resistance to carboxin in Mycosphaerella graminicola (1998) Current Genetics, 34 (5), pp. 393-398. , DOI 10.1007/s002940050412; Shima, Y., Ito, Y., Hatabayashi, H., Koma, A., Yabe, K., Five carboxin-resistant mutants exhibited various responses to carboxin and related fungicides (2011) Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 75, pp. 181-184; Stammler, G., Brix, H.D., Glattli, A., Semar, M., Schoefl, U., Biological properties of the carboximide boscalid including recent studies on its mode of action (2007) Proceedings of the XVI International Plant Protection Congress, pp. 40-45. , Glasgow; Stevenson, K.L., Langston, D.B., Sanders, F., Baseline sensitivity and evidence of resistance to boscalid in Didymella bryoniae (2008) Phytopathology, 98, pp. S151. , (abstract only) PY - 2011 SP - 119-124 ST - Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide resistance prevention strategy T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide resistance prevention strategy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055068235&partnerID=40&md5=043de34eb9881ae0435991f83c07d55d VL - 64 ID - 308 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The successful infection of a grapevine vascular system by a plant pathogen and expression of disease symptoms occur only when the pathogen has overcome the wound response and other defences of the vine. Even when pathogens do successfully infect the vascular system of grapevines, symptom expression is not often observed in the first season. Symptoms may be observed in one year but the same vine can have reduced or no symptoms the following season. Information is presented on physiological stress in association with trunk diseases as one factor that may contribute to symptom expression in vines. A hypothesis of grapevine wound response is proposed as part of the discussion of vine physiological response. Information on individual trunk diseases and physiological interactions is also provided. AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Manning, M. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agrios, G.N., (2005) Plant Pathology, p. 922. , Academic Press, San Diego, CA; Amponsah, N.T., (2011) Epidemiology of the Botryosphaeriaceous Species Associated with Grapevines in New Zealand, p. 252. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Factors that affect the infection of grapevine tissues with Botryosphaeria species (Meeting abstract) (2009) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 48, p. 176; Host responses to vascular infection Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2, pp. 231-252. , CH 1964; Belhadj, A., Saigne, C., Telef, N., Cluzet, S., Bouscaut, J., Corio-Costet, M.-F., Merillon, J.-M., Methyl jasmonate induces defense responses in grapevine and triggers protection against Erysiphe necator (2006) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54 (24), pp. 9119-9125. , DOI 10.1021/jf0618022; Bloch, R., Wound healing in higher plants (1941) The Botanical Review, 7, pp. 110-146; Bostock, R.M., Stermer, B.A., Perspectives on wound-healing in resistance to pathogens (1989) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 27, pp. 343-371; Chapuis, L., Richard, L., Dubos, B., Variation in susceptibility of grapevine pruning wound to infection by Eutypa lata in south-western France (1998) Plant Pathology, 47 (4), pp. 463-472; Choi, H.K., Da Silva, F.G., Lim, H.J., Iandolino, A., Seo, Y.S., Lee, S.W., Cook, D.R., Diagnosis of Pierce's disease using biomarkers specific to Xylella fastidiosa rRNA and Vitis vinifera gene expression (2010) Phytopathology, 100, pp. 1089-1099; Ciraulo, M.B., Santos, D.S., Rodrigues, A.C., De Oliveira, M.V., Rodrigues, T., De Oliveira, R.C., Nunes LR 2010. Transcriptome analysis of the phytobacterium Xylella fastidiosa growing under xylem-based chemical conditions Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2010, pp. 1-18; Colrat, S., Deswarte, C., Latché, A., Klaébé, A., Bouzayen, M., Fallot, J., Roustan, J.P., Enzymatic detoxification of eutypine, a toxin from Eutypa lata by Vitis vinifera cells: Partial purification of an NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase (1999) Planta, 207, pp. 544-550; Del Rio, J.A., Gonzalez, A., Fuster, M.D., Botia, J.M., Gomez, P., Frias, V., Ortuño, A., Tylose formation and changes in phenolic compounds of grape roots infected with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium species (2001) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 40 (SUPPL.), pp. S394-S399; Desprez-Loustau, M.-L., Marcais, B., Nageleisen, L.-M., Piou, D., Vannini, A., Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees (2006) Annals of Forest Science, 63 (6), pp. 597-612. , http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/forest/pdf/2006/06/f6061.pdf?access= ok, DOI 10.1051/forest:2006040; Edwards, J., Pascoe, I.G., Salib, S., Impairment of grapevine xylem function by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora infection is due to more than physical blockage of vessels with 'goo' (2007) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 46, pp. 87-90; Pag, E., Reglinski, T., Biosuppression of Botrytis cinerea in grapes (2006) Plant Pathology, 55, pp. 155-177; Eskalen, A., Feliciano, A.J., Gubler, W.D., Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds and symptom development in response to infection by Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (2007) Plant Disease, 91 (9), pp. 1100-1104. , DOI 10.1094/PDIS-91-9-1100; Jhs, F., Van Wyk, P.S., Calitz, F.J., Slow dieback of grapevine in South Africa: Stress-related predisposition of young vines for infection by Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum (1999) South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 20, pp. 43-46; Fromard, L., Babin, V., Fleurat-Lessard, P., Fromont, J.C., Serrano, R., Bonnemain, J.L., Control of vascular sap pH by the vessel-associated cells in woody species (1995) Plant Physiology, 108, pp. 913-918; Harvey, I.C., Hunt, J.S., Penetration of Trichoderma harzianum into grapevine wood from treated pruning wounds (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 343-347; Hawkins, S., Boudet, A., Wound-induced lignin and suberin deposition in a woody angiosperm (Eucalyptus gunnii; Hook.): Histochemistry of early changes in young plants (1996) Protoplasma, 191, pp. 96-104; Hopkins, D.L., Xylella fastidiosa: Xylemlimited bacterial pathogen of plants (1989) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 27, pp. 271-290; Jaspers, M.V., Sensitivity of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora to fungicides in vitro (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 225-228; John, S., Wicks, T.J., Hunt, J.S., Lorimer, M.F., Oakey, H., Scott, E.S., Protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection by Eutypa lata using Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium lateritium (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34 (4), pp. 569-575. , DOI 10.1071/AP05075; Keller, M., Deficit irrigation and vine mineral nutrition (2005) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 56, pp. 267-283; Martelli, G.P., Graniti, A., Ercolani, G.L., Nature and physiological effects of grapevine diseases (1986) Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 42, pp. 933-942; Moller, W.J., Kasimatis, A.N., Protection of grapevine pruning wounds from eutypa dieback (1980) Plant Disease, 64, pp. 278-280; Mullins, M.G., Bouquet, A., Williams, L.E., (1992) Biology of the Grapevine, p. 239. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; Mundy, D.C., A review of the direct and indirect effects of nitrogen on botrytis bunch rot in wine grapes (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 306-310; Mundy, D.C., Manning, M.A., Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand: A review (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 160-166; Munkvold, G.P., Marois, J.J., Factors associated with variation in susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection by Eutypa lata (1995) Phytopathology, 85, pp. 249-256; Octave, S., Amborabe, B.-E., Fleurat-Lessard, P., Berges, T., Roblin, G., Modifications of plant cell activities by polypeptides secreted by Eutypa lata, a vineyard fungal pathogen (2006) Physiologia Plantarum, 128 (1), pp. 103-115. , DOI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00715.x; Pascoe, I., Cottral, E., Developments in grapevine trunk diseases research in Australia (2000) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 39, pp. 68-75; Petit, A.-N., Vaillant, N., Boulay, M., Clement, C., Fontaine, F., Alteration of photosynthesis in grapevines affected by esca (2006) Phytopathology, 96 (10), pp. 1060-1066. , DOI 10.1094/PHYTO-96-1060; Petzoldt, C.H., Moller, W.J., Sall, M.A., Eutypa dieback of grapevine: Seasonal differences in infection and duration of susceptibility of pruning wounds (1981) Phytopathology, 71, pp. 540-543; Pratt, C., Vegetative anatomy of cultivated grapes: A review (1974) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 25, pp. 131-150; Redak, R.A., Purcell, A.H., Lopes, J.R.S., Blua, M.J., Mizell III, R.F., Andersen, P.C., The Biology of Xylem Fluid-Feeding Insect Vectors Of Xylella fastidiosa and Their Relation to Disease Epidemiology (2004) Annual Review of Entomology, 49, pp. 243-270. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123403; Rolshausen, P.E., Greve, L.C., Labavitch, J.M., Mahoney, N.E., Molyneux, R.J., Gubler, W.D., Pathogenesis of Eutypa lata in grapevine: Identification of virulence factors and biochemical characterization of cordon dieback (2008) Phytopathology, 98 (2), pp. 222-229. , http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PHYTO-98-2-0222, DOI 10.1094/PHYTO-98-2-0222; Rolshausen, P.E., Urbez-Torres, J.R., Rooney-Latham, S., Eskalen, A., Smith, R.J., Gubler, W.D., Evaluation of pruning wound susceptibility and protection against fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases (2010) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 61, pp. 113-119; Roper, M.C., Greve, L.C., Warren, J.G., Labavitch, J.M., Kirkpatrick, B.C., Xylella fastidiosa requires polygalacturonase for colonization and pathogenicity in Vitis vinifera grapevines (2007) Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 20 (4), pp. 411-419. , DOI 10.1094/MPMI-20-4-0411; Rudelle, J., Octave, S., Kaid-Harche, M., Roblin, G., Fleurat-Lessard, P., Structural modifications induced by Eutypa lata in the xylem of trunk and canes of Vitis vinifera (2005) Functional Plant Biology, 32 (6), pp. 537-547. , DOI 10.1071/FP05012; Sosnowski, M.R., Shtienberg, D., Creaser, M.L., Wicks, T.J., Lardner, R., Scott, E.S., The influence of climate on foliar symptoms of Eutypa dieback in grapevines (2007) Phytopathology, 97 (10), pp. 1284-1289. , http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1284, DOI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-10-1284; Sun, Q., Rost, T.L., Matthews, M.A., Pruning-induced tylose development in stems of current-year shoots of Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) (2006) American Journal of Botany, 93 (11), pp. 1567-1576. , http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/93/11/1567; Sun, Q., Rost, T.L., Matthews, M.A., Woundinduced vascular occlusions in Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae): Tyloses in summer and gels in winter (2008) American Journal of Botany, 95, pp. 1498-1505; Sun, Q., Rost, T.L., Reid, M.S., Matthews, M.A., Ethylene and not embolism is required for wound-induced tylose development in stems of grapevines (2007) Plant Physiology, 145 (4), pp. 1629-1636. , http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/145/4/1629, DOI 10.1104/pp.107.100537; Treutter, D., Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance and enhancement of their biosynthesis (2005) Plant Biology, 7 (6), pp. 581-591. , DOI 10.1055/s-2005-873009; Úrbez-Torres, J.R., Gubler, W.D., Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum (2010) Plant Pathology, 60, pp. 261-270; Valtaud, C., Foyer, C.H., Fleurat-Lessard, P., Bourbouloux, A., Systemic effects on leaf glutathione metabolism and defence protein expression caused by esca infection in grapevines (2009) Functional Plant Biology, 36, pp. 260-279; Walter, M., Braithwaite, B., Smith, B.J., Langford, G.I., Nutrient nitrogen management for disease control in strawberry (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 70-79; Weber, E.A., Trouillas, F.P., Gubler, W.D., Double pruning of grapevines: A cultural practice to reduce infections by Eutypa lata (2007) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 58 (1), pp. 61-66; Whitelaw-Weckert, M.A., Sergeeva, V., Priest, M.J., Botryosphaeria stevensii infection of Pinot Noir grapevines by soil-root transmission (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, p. 369; Whiteman, S.A., Jaspers, M.V., Stewart, A., Ridgway, H.J., Detection of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in soil using species-specific PCR (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 139-145; Whiteman, S.A., Stewart, A., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Infection of rootstock mother-vines by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora results in infected young grapevines (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36 (2), pp. 198-203. , DOI 10.1071/AP07012; Xu, X., Lu, J., French, M.F., Engel, M.E., Roles of macronutrients in Pierce's disease development of grapevines (2003) Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 116, pp. 10-12 PY - 2011 SP - 7-16 ST - Physiological response of grapevines to vascular pathogens: A review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Physiological response of grapevines to vascular pathogens: A review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055077166&partnerID=40&md5=2a25e044b7446b1e07bbde9d2ef91279 VL - 64 ID - 314 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Adult and nymphal life stages of the tomato/potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; TPP) cause damage to the host plants and transmit the bacterial pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'. This leads to reduced crop yield and ultimately the premature decline and death of the infected plant. The efficacy of 11 insecticides was tested against nymphal and adult stages of TPP. Residues of abamectin + oil and bifenthrin were the most effective at reducing adult TPP up to 3 days after treatment, while thiacloprid, spiromesifen, imidacloprid, spinetoram and azadirachtin were slightly toxic. Residues of buprofezin + oil, pyrethrin + oil and mineral oil had no effect on adult mortality. Nymphal life stages were best controlled with abamectin + oil, spirotetramat, bifenthrin and spiromesifen. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Curtis, C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abad, J.A., Bandla, A.M., French-Monar, R.D., Liefting, L.W., Grg, C., First report of the detection of Candidatus Liberibacter species in zebra chip disease infected potato plants in the United States (2009) Plant Disease, 93, p. 108; Berry, N.A., Walker, M.K., Butler, R.C., Laboratory studies to determine the efficacy of selected insecticides on tomato/potato psyllid (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 145-151; Brown, J.K., Rehman, M., Rogan, D., Martin, R.R., Idris, A.M., First report of "Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous" (synonym "Ca. L. solanacearum") associated with 'tomato veingreening' and 'tomato psyllid yellows' diseases in commercial greenhouses in Arizona (2010) Plant Disease, 94, pp. 376-376; Brück, E., Elbert, A., Fischer, R., Krueger, S., Kuhnhold, J., Klueken, A.M., Nauen, R., Van Waetermeulen, X., Movento (R), an innovative ambimobile insecticide for sucking insect pest control in agriculture: Biological profile and field performance (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 838-844; Liefting, L.W., Weir, B.S., Pennycook, S.R., Grg, C., Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', associated with plants in the family Solanaceae (2009) International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 59, pp. 2274-2276; (2008) New Bacterium Affects Fresh Tomatoes and Capsicums, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/surv-mgmt/resp/tom-cap-bacterium, MAF Biosecurity, accessed 5 May 2011; (2009) Potato/Tomato Psyllid Bactericera Cockerelli, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/potato-tomato-psyllid, MAF Biosecurity, accessed 5 May 2011; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (homoptera psyllidae) with zebra chip, a new potato disease in Southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3), pp. 656-663. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[656:AOBCHP]2.0.CO;2; Sengoda, V.G., Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Buchman, J.L., Pappu, H.R., Phenotypic and etiological differences between psyllid yellows and zebra chip diseases of potato (2010) American Journal of Potato Research, 87, pp. 41-49; Sétamou, M., Rodriguez, D., Saldana, R., Schwarzlose, G., Palrang, D., Nelson, S.D., Efficacy and uptake of soil-applied imidacloprid in the control of asian citrus psyllid and a citrus leafminer, two foliar-feeding citrus pests (2010) Journal of Economic Entomology, 103, pp. 1711-1719; Tucuch-Haas, J.I., Rodriguez-Maciel, J.C., Lagunes-Tejeda, A., Silva-Aguayo, G., Aguilar-Medel, S., Gonzalez-Camacho, J.M., Toxicity of spiromesifen to the developmental stages of Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) (2010) Neotropical Entomology, 39, pp. 436-440; Vega-Gutierrez, M.T., Rodriguez-Maciel, J.C., Diaz-Gomez, O., Bujanos-Muniz, R., Mota-Sanchez, D., Martinez-Carrillo, J.L., Lagunes-Tejeda, A., Garzon-Tiznado, J.A., Susceptibility to insecticides in two Mexican populations of tomato-potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.) (Hemiptera : Triozidae) (2008) Agrociencia, 42, pp. 463-471; Walker, M.K., Berry, N.A., Insecticides have potential for tomato/potato psyllid control (2009) Grower, 64, pp. 27-28; Yang, X.B., Zhang, Y.M., Hua, L., Peng, L.N., Munyaneza, J.E., Trumble, J.T., Liu, T.X., Repellency of selected biorational insecticides to potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 1320-1324 PY - 2011 SP - 276-281 ST - Efficacy of insecticides against the tomato/potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Efficacy of insecticides against the tomato/potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055080559&partnerID=40&md5=eb50e26ce36d324f885067f40ebb44d5 VL - 64 ID - 317 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recent sampling in Waikato and Taranaki shows that Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) can still cause major damage to susceptible ryegrass pastures despite the introduction of the parasitoid, Microctonus hyperodae, in 1991. Percentage of tillers with L. bonariensis larval damage in diploid and tetraploid perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass in January and February were between 11% and 68%. High egg numbers were noted on occasion. Although there is evidence that M. hyperodae reduces host populations, parasitism levels vary considerably between years in Canterbury and are low in Otago and Southland where high populations of L. bonariensis have recently been recorded. Factors that may be lessening the impact of M. hyperodae are considered. These include asynchronous generations of the parasitoid and its host, host behavioural adaptations, compensatory oviposition and inhibition of flight in parasitised individuals leading to low levels of parasitism in new pastures. AU - Popay, A. J. AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Goldson, S. L. AU - Ferguson, C. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Prestidge, R.A., Pottinger, R.P., Reproductive phenology of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in northern New Zealand pastures (1988) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 78, pp. 659-668; Barker, G.M., Pottinger, R.P., Addison, P.J., Population dynamics of Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) in pastures of Waikato, New Zealand (1989) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 26, pp. 79-115; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Early impact of endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (hymenoptera: braconidae) after its establishment in Listronotus bonariensis (coleoptera: curculionidae) populations of northern New Zealand pastures (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (2), pp. 273-287; Barlow, N.D., The role of models in an analytical approach to biological control (1993) Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 318-325. , Prestidge RA ed AgResearch, Ruakura, New Zealand; Eerens, J.P.J., Lucas, R.J., Easton, H.S., White, J.G.H., Influence of the ryegrass endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) in a cool moist environment. I. Pasture production (1998) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 41 (1), pp. 39-48; Ferguson, C.M., Evans, A.A., Bip, B., Phenology of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Otago (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 270-274; Francis, S.M., Baird, D.B., Increase in the proportion of endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass plants in overdrilled pastures (1989) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 32 (3), pp. 437-440; Goldson, S.L., Tet, T., The effect of Argentine stem weevil on pasture composition in Canterbury (1980) Proceedings of the 33rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 46-48; Goldson, S.L., McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Bip, B., Ferguson, C.M., Systematic mass rearing and release of Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hym.: Braconidae, Euphorinae), a parasitoid of the Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Col.: Curculionidae) and records of its establishment in New Zealand (1993) Entomophaga, 38, pp. 527-536; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Baird, D.B., The bionomics of Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canterbury, New Zealand (1998) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88 (4), pp. 415-423; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Baird, D.B., Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) flight in Canterbury, New Zealand (1999) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89 (5), pp. 423-431; Goldson, S.L., Barron, M.C., Kean, J.M., Van Koten, C., Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis Coleoptera: Curculionidae) population dynamics in Canterbury New Zealand dryland pasture (2011) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 101, pp. 295-303; Hume, D.E., Barker, D.J., Growth and management of endophytic grasses in pastoral agriculture (2005) Neotyphodium in Cool-Season Grasses, pp. 201-226. , Roberts CA, West CP, Spiers DE ed Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa; Kain, W.M., Ritchie, I.M., Crouchley, C.G., Smith, R.G., Atkinson, D.S., Effects of stem weevil on grazed swards of perennial ryegrasses in Wairarapa and Manawatu (1977) Proceedings of the 30th Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 192-197; McNeill, M.R., Baird, D.B., Goldson, S.L., Evidence of density-dependent oviposition behaviour by Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in canterbury pasture (1998) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88 (5), pp. 527-536; McNeill, M.R., Knight, T.L., Baird, D.B., Damage potential of Argentine stem weevil in Lincoln dairy pasture: Has biological control by M. hyperodae altered the balance? (2001) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 63, pp. 247-254; McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Phillips, C.B., Addison, P.J., A description of the commercial rearing and distribution of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for biological control of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2002) Biological Control, 24 (2), pp. 167-175. , DOI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00018-X, PII S104996440200018X; McNeill, M.R., Hume, D.E., Ashby, R., Ashby, M., Brandon, P., Guscott, P., Tosswill, R., Barton, R., Ryegrass production in Wairarapa, New Zealand: Is biological control of Argentine stem weevil important? (2007) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses Grasslands Research and Practice Series No. 13, pp. 301-306. , Popay AJ, Thom ER ed; Phillips, C.B., Proffitt, J.R., Goldson, S.L., Potential to enhance the efficacy of Microctonus hyperodae Loan (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 16-22; Popay, A.J., Hume, D.E., Baltus, J.G., Gcm, L., Tapper, B.A., Lyons, T.B., Cooper, B.M., Marshall, S.L., Field performance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with toxin-free fungal endophytes (Neotyphodium spp.) (1999) Ryegrass Endophyte: An Essential New Zealand Symbiosis, pp. 113-122. , Woodfield DR, Matthew C ed Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 7; Popay, A.J., Hume, D.E., Davis, K.L., Tapper, B.A., Interactions between endophyte (Neotyphodium spp.) and ploidy in hybrid and perennial ryegrass cultivars and their effects on Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) (2003) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 46 (4), pp. 311-319; Popay, A.J., Thom, E.R., Endophyte effects on major insect pests in Waikato dairy pasture (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 121-126; Popay, A.J., Hume, D.E., Endophytes improve ryegrass persistence by controlling insects (2011) Pasture Persistence, pp. 149-156. , Mercer CF ed. Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 15; Prestidge, R.A., Barker, G.M., Pottinger, R.P., The economic cost of Argentine stem weevil in pastures in New Zealand (1991) Proceedings of the 44th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 165-170; Van Vught, V.T., Thom, E.R., Survival of endophyte-free perennial ryegrass after autumn spray/drilling in the Waikato (1998) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 60, pp. 165-171 PY - 2011 SP - 55-62 ST - The current status of Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) as a pest in the North Island of New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The current status of Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) as a pest in the North Island of New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055092974&partnerID=40&md5=a3fbff85fc18d233dbcae13068b48420 VL - 64 ID - 315 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The persistence of residual herbicides used in maize (Zea mays) silage crops was investigated in three field trials located in Waikato, Taranaki and Canterbury. Herbicides used included atrazine and acetochlor applied pre-emergence and mesotrione and nicosulfuron applied 6-12 weeks after planting. Bioassay of soil samples collected about the time of silage harvest showed small but biologically toxic residues of only nicosulfuron and only at the Taranaki site. A subsequent glasshouse study investigated whether the differences in persistence of nicosulfuron were due principally to soil characteristics (four soil types) or rainfall (amount and timing). Heavy rainfall (50 mm) in the first week or two after application or for several consecutive weeks was more effective in leaching the herbicide and reducing the residues than light (10 mm) or moderate (25 mm) rain applied at similar times. Also, residues of nicosulfuron disappeared faster in soils with low pH and high organic matter. AU - Rahman, A. AU - James, T. K. AU - Trolove, M. R. AU - Dowsett, C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beyer Jr., E.M., Duffy, M.J., Hay, J.V., Schluetter, D.D., Sulfonylureas (1988) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degradation and Mode of Action, 3, pp. 117-189. , Kearney PC, Kaufman DD ed Marcel Dekker, New York; Brown, H.M., Mode of action, crop selectivity, and soil relations of the sulfonylurea herbicides (1990) Pesticide Science, 29, pp. 263-281; Burney, B., Rahman, A., Gac, O., Whitham, J.M., The organic matter status of some mineral soils in New Zealand (1975) Proceedings of the 28th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 101-103; Gunther, P., Rahman, A., Pestemer, W., Quantitative bioassays for determining residues and availability to plants of sulphonylurea herbicides (1989) WEED RES., 29 (2), pp. 141-146; Hance, R.J., Herbicide residues in soil: Some aspects of their behaviour and agricultural significance (1984) Australian Weeds, 3, pp. 26-34; Kookana, R.S., Baskaran, S., Naidu, R., Pesticide fate and behaviour in Australian soils in relation to contamination and management of soil and water: A review (1998) Australian Journal of Soil Research, 36 (5), pp. 715-764; Nicholls, P.H., Evans, A.A., Walker, A., The behaviour of chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron in soils in relation to incidents of damage to sugar beet (1987) Proceedings of the 1987 British Crop Protection Conference-Weeds, pp. 549-556; Rahman, A., Sensitive bioassays for determining residues of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil and their availability to crop plants (1989) Environmental Bioassay Techniques and Their Application, pp. 367-375. , Munawar M, Dixon G, Mayfield CI, Reynoldson T, Sadar MH ed Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Hydrobiologia 188/189; Rahman, A., Recent major problems of weed control in maize in New Zealand (1988) Proceedings of the International Congress of Crop Protection 53/3b, pp. 1335-1342; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Minimising environmental contamination by selecting appropriate herbicide dose (2002) Environmental Protection and Risk Assessment of Organic Contaminants, pp. 209-224. , Kookana RS, Sadler R, Sethunathan N, Naidu R. ed Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, USA; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Improving performance and reliability of soil applied herbicides in New Zealand (1995) Proceedings of the 15th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 627-635; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Field persistence of some maize herbicides in two soils (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 6-10; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Comparative mobility of nine sulfonylurea herbicides in soil columns (1989) Proceedings of the 12th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 213-217; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Cornwell, M.J., Influence of lime on activity and persistence of tribenuron and thifensulfuron in soil (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 202-206; Rahman, A., Matthews, L.J., Effect of soil organic matter on the phytotoxicity of thirteen s-triazine herbicides (1979) Weed Science, 27, pp. 158-161; Sarmah, A.K., Kookana, R.S., Alston, A.M., Fate and behaviour of triasulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, and chlorsulfuron in the Australian soil environment: A review (1998) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 49 (5), pp. 775-790; Trolove, M.R., James, T.K., Rahman, A., Hurrell, G., Parker, M., Persistence of residual herbicides in maize silage fields (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 417. , (abstract only); Walker, A., Cotterill, E.G., Welch, S.J., Adsorption and degradation of chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl in soils from different depths (1989) WEED RES., 29 (4), pp. 281-287 PY - 2011 SP - 125-132 ST - Factors affecting the persistence of some residual herbicides in maize silage fields T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Factors affecting the persistence of some residual herbicides in maize silage fields UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055079399&partnerID=40&md5=74bf15639e16fb47f848cf4a094edf6d VL - 64 ID - 299 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The parasitoid Aphelinus mali controls woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum) in New Zealand apple orchards. The effects of seven pesticides on A. mali exposed to residues on filter paper were assessed in a laboratory bioassay immediately postapplication. Spinosad at label rate was moderately to highly toxic, but other compounds and lower rates of spinosad had no detrimental effects on A. mali. Another bioassay incorporating field application and exposure to aged residues on leaves determined the toxicity of carbaryl, diazinon, indoxacarb and lime sulphur. Carbaryl had the greatest residual toxicity to A. mali on harvested leaves, causing 85% mortality 21 days after application, declining to 40% by 28 days. In contrast, diazinon initially caused high mortality but residues were not toxic 15 days after application, while indoxyacarb and lime sulphur were not toxic. Minimising the use of pesticides toxic to A. mali should benefit the sustainable management of WAA in apple orchards. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Sharma, N. AU - Stretton, D. C. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbott, W.S., A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide (1925) Economic Entomology, 18 (2), pp. 265-257; Bradley, S.J., Murrell, V.C., Shaw, P.W., Jts, W., Effect of orchard pesticides on Aphelinus mali, the woolly apple aphid parasitoid (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 218-222; Cohen, H., Horowitz, A., Nestel, D., Rosen, D., Susceptibility of the woolly apple aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus mali (Hym.: Aphelinidae), to common pesticides used in apple orchards in Israel (1996) BioControl, 41 (2), pp. 225-233; Croft, B.A., Arthropod resistance to insecticides: A key to pest control failures and successes on North American apple orchards (1982) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 31, pp. 88-110; Pjm, M., Boers, J.M., A simulation study with a Dutch and a Canadian strain of the parasitoid Aphelinus mali (Hald.) for control of woolly apple aphids Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) in the Netherlands (1999) Acta Horticulturae, 499, pp. 261-270; Monteiro, L., Souza, A., Belli, E., Parasitism on Eriosoma lanigerum (Homoptera: Apididae) by Aphelinus mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on apple orchards, in Fraiburgo country, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (2004) Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, 26, pp. 550-551; Rill, S.M., Grafton-Cardwell, E.E., Morse, J.G., Effects of two insect growth regulators and a neonicotinoid on various life stages of Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (2008) BioControl, 53 (4), pp. 579-587. , DOI 10.1007/s10526-007-9097-x; Shaw, P.W., Jts, W., Biological control of woolly apple aphid by Aphelinus mali in an integrated fruit production programme in Nelson (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 59-63; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Early-season use of insecticides for management of woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) in Nelson apple orchards (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 291-295; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Rogers, D.J., The impact of early season insecticides on biological control of apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mali) (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 164-167; Tate, K.G., Manktelow, D.W., Walker, J.T., Stiefel, H., Disease management in Hawke's Bay apple orchards converting to organic production (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 1-6; Williams III, L., Price, L.D., Manrique, V., Toxicity of field-weathered insecticide residues to Anaphes iole (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), and implications for inundative biological control in cotton (2003) Biological Control, 26 (3), pp. 217-223. , DOI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00157-3 PY - 2011 SP - 235-240 ST - Toxicity of pesticides to Aphelinus mali, the parasitoid of woolly apple aphid T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Toxicity of pesticides to Aphelinus mali, the parasitoid of woolly apple aphid UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055074750&partnerID=40&md5=f138e348b1881d14b4c8033e690ba29b VL - 64 ID - 296 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mastrus ridens (Horstmann) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was imported from Argentina into New Zealand as part of a classical biological control programme against codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). A laboratory colony was successfully established and maintained in quarantine, and experiments were conducted to understand the biology and behaviour of the parasitoid to maximise its efficiency prior to release. Naïve females parasitised a maximum of four CM larvae/day, laying a total of 12.9±1.5 eggs. However, a single CM larva could support the development of a maximum of 10 parasitoids. The body sizes of emerging M. ridens females in the colony decreased with an increase in the number of pupae developing on a single CM larva, because of competition. Female M. ridens preferred larger CM larvae to smaller larvae in cocoons for oviposition. Superparasitism, host feeding and the number of CM larvae hosting damaged parasitoid eggs increased with decreasing host/parasitoid ratios. AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Charles, J. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bezemer, T.M., Mills, N.J., Clutch size decisions of a gregarious parasitoid under laboratory and field conditions (2003) Animal Behaviour, 66 (6), pp. 1119-1128. , DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2296; Bezemer, T.M., Harvey, J.A., Mills, N.J., Influence of adult nutrition on the relationship between body size and reproductive parameters in a parasitoid wasp (2005) Ecological Entomology, 30 (5), pp. 571-580. , DOI 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2005.00726.x; Charles, J.G., Dugdale, J.S., Non-target species selection for host-range testing of Mastrus ridens (2011) New Zealand Entomologist, 34, pp. 45-51; Devotto, L., Del Valle, C., Ceballos, R., Gerding, M., Biology of Mastrus ridibundus (Gravenhorst), a potential biological control agent for area-wide management of Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2010) Journal of Applied Entomology, 134, pp. 243-250; Horstmann, K., Revisionen von Schlupfwespen-Arten XIII (2009) Mitteilungen der Muenchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 99, pp. 37-44; Hougardy, E., Mills, N.J., Influence of host deprivation and egg expenditure on the patch and host-finding behavior of the parasitoid wasp Mastrus ridibundus (2007) Journal of Insect Behavior, 20 (2), pp. 229-246. , DOI 10.1007/s10905-007-9077-0; Hougardy, E., Bezemer, T.M., Mills, N.J., Effects of host deprivation and egg expenditure on the reproductive capacity of Mastrus ridibundus, an introduced parasitoid for the biological control of codling moth in California (2005) Biological Control, 33 (1), pp. 96-106. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.01.013; Jervis, M.A., Nac, K., Host feeding stratergies in hymenopteran parasitoids (1986) Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 61, pp. 395-434; Jumean, Z., Unruh, T., Gries, R., Gries, G., Mastrus ridibundus parasitoids eavesdrop on cocoon-spinning codling moth, Cydia pomonella, larvae (2005) Naturwissenschaften, 92 (1), pp. 20-25. , DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0581-1; Kuhlmann, U., Mills, N.J., Exploring the biodiversity of Central Asia to assess specialized parasitoids for biological control of apple pests in Europe and North America (1999) Integrated Plant Protection in Orchards, 22, pp. 1-6; Mills, N., Selecting effective parasitoids for biological control introductions: Codling moth as a case study (2005) Biological Control, 34 (SPEC. ISS. 3), pp. 274-282. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.02.012, PII S1049964405000484; Sandlan, K.P., Host feeding and its effects on the physiology and behaviour of the ichneumonid parasitoid, Coccygomimus turionellae (1979) Physiological Entomology, 4, pp. 383-392; Wrm, S., Chhagan, A., Nem, P., De Silva, H.N., Charles, J.G., The effect of mating behaviour on progeny sex ratio of Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) a biological control agent of codling moth (2011) Biocontrol Science & Technology, 21, pp. 485-496; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Ramankutty, P., Temperature dependent emergence and survival of Platygaster demades (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), parasitoid of apple leaf curling midge (2007) Biological Control, 42 (1), pp. 41-47. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.04.004, PII S1049964407000886; Csa, S., Ramos Filho, I.T., Torres, J.B., Barros, R., Superparasitism and host size effects in Oomyzus sokolowskii, a parasitoid of diamondback moth (2009) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 133, pp. 65-73; Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science and Its Application, 4, pp. 357-362; Taylor, A.D., Parasitoid competition and the dynamics of host-parasitoid models (1988) American Naturalist, 132 (3), pp. 417-436. , DOI 10.1086/284861; Van Alphen, J.J.M., Visser, M.E., Superparasitism as an adaptive strategy for insect parasitoids (1990) Annual Review of Entomology, 35 (1), pp. 59-79; Zaviezo, T., Mills, N., Factors influencing the evolution of clutch size in a gregarious insect parasitoid (2000) Journal of Animal Ecology, 69 (6), pp. 1047-1057. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00460.x PY - 2011 SP - 227-234 ST - Colony optimisation of Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of codling moth in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Colony optimisation of Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of codling moth in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055095860&partnerID=40&md5=7903b830f1c9ba07963b16890060a3cb VL - 64 ID - 289 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The tomato potato psyllid (TPP) Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) was first notified to the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) in May 2006, although it has been suggested by several authors to have been present in New Zealand in 2005. MAF undertook an entry pathway analysis during the initial investigation into TPP in 2006. TPP is a vector of the bacterium-like pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum ('liberibacter') and MAF further analysed the entry pathway of TPP during the liberibacter incursion response in 2008. This paper summarises the data and reasoning behind the conclusion that TPP was most plausibly introduced to New Zealand as a result of smuggling, rather than through slippage on regulated pathways. AU - Thomas, K. L. AU - Jones, D. C. AU - Kumarasinghe, L. B. AU - Richmond, J. E. AU - Gill, G. S. C. AU - Bullians, M. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :27 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Nmm, A., Life history of potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in control environment in Arizona (2008) African Journal of Agriculture Research, 3 (1), pp. 60-67; Australia, B., Final pest risk analysis report for "Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous" in fresh fruit, potato tubers, nursery stock and its vector the tomatopotato psyllid (2009) Biosecurity Australia, Canberra, p. 108; Frampton, E.R., Nalder, K., A novel analysis of the risk of fresh produce imports (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 114-123; Gutteridge, R.C., Shelton, H.M., (1994) Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture, , http://www.faoorg/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e00. htm#Contents, [Online]. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK (accessed 14 February 2010); Interceptions by plant quarantine inspectors (2004) HDOA E-news November 2004, , http://hawaii.gov/hdoa/meetings-reports/e-news/november-2004, HDOA E-News, accessed 5 May 2011; Jackson, B., Goolsby, J., Wyzykowski, A., Vitovsky, N., Bextine, B., Analysis of genetic relationships between potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) populations in the United States, Mexico and Guatemala using ITS2 and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) data (2009) Subtropical Plant Science, 61, pp. 1-5; Knowlton, G.F., Thomas, W.L., Host plants of the potato psyllid (1934) Journal of Economic Entomology, 27, p. 547; Liefting, L.W., Sutherland, P.W., Ward, L.I., Paice, K.L., Weir, B.S., Grg, C., A new 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species associated with diseases of solanaceous crops (2009) Plant Disease, 93, pp. 208-214; Liu, D., Trumble, J., Stouthamer, R., Genetic differentiation between eastern populations and recent introductions of potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) into western North America (2006) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 118, pp. 117-183; McNeill, N.R., Phillips, C.B., Bell, N.L., Proffit, J.R., Potential spread of pests in New Zealand through commercial transport of nursery plants (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 75-79; Munyaneza, J.E., Fisher, T.W., Sengoda, V.G., Garczynski, S.F., Nissinen, A., Lemmetty, A., First report of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" associated with psyllidaffected carrots in Europe (2010) Plant Disease, 94, p. 639; Nelson, W.R., Fisher, T.W., Munyaneza, J.E., Haplotpyes of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" suggest long-standing separation (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 130, pp. 5-12; Pletsch, D.J., The potato psyllid Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc), its biology and control (1947) Montana Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin, 446, p. 95; Robertson, K., Fresh tomato group (2008) Market Access to Australia. Grower (December), 63 (11), p. 26; Daj, T., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielsen, M.-C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Tualau, A., Rowsell, L., (2010) Data Analysis and Survey Teams Border Monitoring Report: Auckland International Airport Passenger Survey, p. 61. , January-February 2010, Report no: BMR 09-10/02, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Auckland, New Zealand; Waite, C., (2006) Border Monitoring Group, Pathway Analysis, Annual Report 2005-06, p. 51. , Report no: 05-06/12, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Auckland, New Zealand; Wallis, R.L., Seasonal occurrence of the potato psyllid in the North Platte Valley (1946) Journal of Economic Entomology, 39, pp. 689-694; Wallis, R.L., Ecological studies on potato psyllid as a pest of potatoes (1955) USDA Technical Bulletin, 1107 PY - 2011 SP - 259-268 ST - Investigation into the entry pathway for tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Investigation into the entry pathway for tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055090232&partnerID=40&md5=0250e5864335144fdd494913c24d2de2 VL - 64 ID - 319 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Above-ground botanical composition and seedling emergence from the soil seedbank were assessed in 30 Bay of Plenty dairy pastures in spring 2010. Pastures ranged in age ('young': 1-2 years, 'medium': 3-4 years, 'old': 5-6 years) and included those with and without forage herbs (chicory and/or plantain). As pastures aged, there was an increase in the percentage of total dry matter of unsown weed grasses (3%, 8%, 27%) and unsown herbaceous weeds (5%, 18%, 39%) in young, medium and old pastures sown with herbs, respectively. Unsown weed grasses dominated the seedbank and together with herbaceous weeds comprised more than 99% of seedlings that emerged from the seedbank. Farm managers ranked insect pests and climate (e.g. droughts/floods), as the primary factors causing the decline of sown species, while grazing management was perceived as the most important factor that can improve persistence of sown species. AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Cameron, C. A. AU - Thom, E. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, C.C., Subtropical seed-bank of a Bay of Plenty dairy farm (1995) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 57, pp. 59-61; Daly, M.J., Fraser, T., Perkins, A., Moffat, C.M., Farmer perceptions of reasons for perennial pasture persistence and the relationship of these with management practice, species composition, and soil fertility (1999) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 61, pp. 9-15; Jones, R.M., Jng, H., Improvements to the dry-weight-rank method for measuring botanical composition (1979) Grass and Forage Science, 34, pp. 181-189; Parsons, A.J., Edwards, G.R., Pcd, N., Chapman, D.F., Caradus, J.R., Rasmussen, S., Rowarth, J.S., Past lessons and future prospects: Plant breeding for cool temperate pastures (2010) Proceedings of the 4th Australasian Dairy Science Symposium, pp. 272-291. , Edwards GR, Bryant RH ed Christchurch, New Zealand; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Grbavac, N., Mellsop, J., Evaluation of two methods for enumerating the soil weed seedbank (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 175-180; Sanderson, M.A., Soder, K.J., Brezezinski, N., Muller, L.D., Skinner, R.H., Wachendorf, M., Taube, F., Goslee, S.C., Plant species diversity influences on forage production and performance of dairy cows on pasture (2004) Grassland Science in Europe, 9, pp. 1-4; Thom, E.R., Waugh, C.D., McCabe, R.J., Growth and persistence of perennial and hybrid ryegrasses when grazed by dairy cows in the central Waikato region of New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 41 (4), pp. 477-486; Tozer, K.N., Barker, G.M., Cameron, C.A., James, T.K., Relationship between seedbank and above-ground botanical composition during spring (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 90-95; Tozer, K.N., Barker, G.M., Cameron, C.A., Loick, N., New Zealand dryland pastures: Effects of sown pasture species diversity on the ingress of unsown species (2010) Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Weeds Conference, pp. 398-401. , Zydenbos SM ed New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., Thom, E.R., Pasture persistence: Farmer observations and field measurements (2011) Grasslands Research and Practice Series, 15, pp. 25-30 PY - 2011 SP - 68-74 ST - Weed ingress and pasture persistence in Bay of Plenty dairy farms: Field observations and farmer perceptions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Weed ingress and pasture persistence in Bay of Plenty dairy farms: Field observations and farmer perceptions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055080968&partnerID=40&md5=3211b51800b69a483213ad8d1397f511 VL - 64 ID - 316 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The recently developed herbicide saflufenacil was evaluated in six field trials, between 2008 and 2011, for weed control in maize (Zea mays) crops. Trial sites varied considerably in soil characteristics and weed spectrum. No phytotoxicity or visual damage symptoms were observed in any of the six cultivars planted. When used alone at 70 or 105 g ai/ha, saflufenacil provided effective control of annual broadleaf weeds including atrazine- and dicamba-resistant fathen (Chenopodium album), but had little activity on grass weeds. In combination with acetochlor, both rates of saflufenacil provided good control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in all but one trial. In crops with a high weed pressure, especially grass weeds, a follow up post-emergence herbicide would be required to maximise control. Combinations of saflufenacil with up to 1200 g ai/ha of dimethenamid-p were generally less effective than with acetochlor. A strong negative relationship was evident between weed density and maize silage or grain yields. AU - Trolove, M. R. AU - Rahman, A. AU - Hagerty, G. C. AU - James, T. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Grossmann, K., Niggeweg, R., Christiansen, N., Looser, R., Ehrardt, T., The herbicide saflufenacil (Kixor) is a new inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity (2010) Weed Science, 58, pp. 1-9; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Effect of adjuvants and stage of growth on the efficacy of three sulfonylurea herbicides to grass weeds (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 11-16; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trolove, M.R., Parker, M.D., Enhanced degradation of atrazine in soils with a history of repeated use (2010) Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Weeds Conference, pp. 24-27. , Zydenbos SM ed Christchurch, New Zealand; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trolove, M., Optimising time of planting and herbicide application for control of problem weeds in maize (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 183-188; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Mellsop, J., Weed Competition in maize crop under different timings for post-emergence weed control (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 269-272; Liebl, R., Walter, H., Bowe, S.J., Holt, T.J., Westberg, D.E., BAS 800H: A new herbicide for preplant burndown and preemergence dicot weed control (2008) Weed Science Society of America Conference, , Abstract 120; Matringe, M., Camadro, J.M., Brouillet, N., Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the molecular target site for peroxidizing herbicides (1993) Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference, pp. 703-711. , - Weeds; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Herbicide efficacy on three annual grass weeds in soils with different cropping histories (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 66-71; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Minimising environmental contamination by selecting appropriate herbicide dose (2002) Environmental Protection and Risk Assessment of Organic Contaminants, pp. 209-224. , Kookana RS, Sadler R, Sethunathan N, Naidu R. ed Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, USA; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Weed control and soil persistence studies with dimethenamid in maize (1992) Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 84-88; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Trolove, M., Chemical control options for the dicamba resistant biotype of fathen (Chenopodium album) (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 287-291; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Grbavac, N., Correlation between the soil seed bank and weed populations in maize fields (2006) Weed Biology and Management, 6 (4), pp. 228-234. , DOI 10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00223.x; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Seefeldt, S., The current situation with herbicide resistant weeds in New Zealand (2001) Proceedings of the 18th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 500-508 PY - 2011 SP - 133-141 ST - Efficacy and crop selectivity of saflufenacil alone and with partner herbicides for weed control in maize T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Efficacy and crop selectivity of saflufenacil alone and with partner herbicides for weed control in maize UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055092584&partnerID=40&md5=606b144ac30231765b48acfdebf9ca6d VL - 64 ID - 325 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit, a disease that had limited economic impact in Italy before the outbreak of 2009. The strains isolated from Italy since 2008 have different characteristics to those isolated in Japan or Korea or those isolated earlier than 2008 in Italy. This study showed that strains of Psa isolated from France had the cts haplotype I and a BOX-PCR electrophoretic pattern similar to that of strains isolated from Italy after 2008. The effector gene hopA1, which was found previously by PCR to be present only in the strains of the cts haplotype I, was also present in other strains of Psa isolated from Italy. If this effector plays a role in the interaction between Psa and kiwifruit, then the difference in virulence observed between strains of different cts haplotypes cannot be attributed to the presence of this effector. AU - Vanneste, J. L. AU - Cornish, D. A. AU - Yu, J. AU - Audusseau, C. AU - Paillard, S. AU - Rivoal, C. AU - Poliakoff, F. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Molecular and phenotypic features of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated during recent epidemics of bacterial canker on yellow kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in central Italy (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 954-962; Jones, J.D.G., Dangl, J.L., The plant immune system (2006) Nature, 444 (7117), pp. 323-329. , DOI 10.1038/nature05286, PII NATURE05286; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Koh, Y.J., Cha, B.J., Chung, H.J., Lee, D.H., Outbreak and spread of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (1994) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 10, pp. 68-72; Lelliot, R.A., Billing, E., Hayward, A.C., A determinative scheme for the fluorescent plant pathogenic Pseudomonads (1966) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 29, pp. 470-489; Lindow, S.E., Amy, D.C., Upper, C.D., Erwinia herbicola: A bacterial ice nucleus active in increasing frost injury to corn (1978) Phytopathology, 68, pp. 523-527; Louws, F.J., Fulbright, D.W., Stephens, C.T., De Bruijn, F.J., Specific genomic fingerprints of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas pathovars and strains generated with repetitive sequences and PCR (1994) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60 (7), pp. 2286-2295; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Ips, P., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Sarkar, S.F., Guttman, D.S., Evolution of the Core Genome of Pseudomonas syringae, a Highly Clonal, Endemic Plant Pathogen (2004) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70 (4), pp. 1999-2012. , DOI 10.1128/AEM.70.4.1999-2012.2004; Scortichini, M., Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on kiwifruit in Italy (1994) Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 1035-1038; Takikawa, Y., Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae sp. nov., the causal bacterium of canker in kiwifruit in Japan (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 437-444; Vanneste, J.L., Kay, C., Onorato, R., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Spinelli, F., Max, S., Recent advances in the characterisation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit (2011) Acta Horticulturae, , in press; Vanneste, J.L., Paulin, J.-P., Expert, D., Bacteriophage Mu as a genetic tool to study Erwinia amylovora pathogenicity and hypersensitive reaction on tobacco (1990) Journal of Bacteriology, 172 (2), pp. 932-941; Vanneste, J.L., Poliakoff, F., Audusseau, C., Cornish, D.A., Paillard, S., Rivoal, C., Yu, J., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit on Actinidia deliciosa in France (2011) Plant Disease, , in press; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Molecular characterisations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 7-14; Wilson, M., Lindow, S.E., Interactions between the biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 and Erwinia amylovora in pear blossoms (1993) Phytopathology, 83, pp. 117-123; Zhang, Z., Schwartz, S., Wagner, L., Miller, W., A greedy algorithm for aligning DNA sequences (2000) Journal of Computational Biology, 7 (1-2), pp. 203-214. , DOI 10.1089/10665270050081478 PY - 2011 SP - 252-258 ST - Presence of the effector gene hopA1 in strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated from France and Italy T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Presence of the effector gene hopA1 in strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated from France and Italy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055088617&partnerID=40&md5=afc66d80c90050223fc6e62bbccfac2f VL - 64 ID - 324 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, in pollen samples collected from infected and non infected orchards in Italy and in New Zealand was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by direct bacterial isolation. Psa was isolated only from pollen samples collected in Italy, including pollen collected from two uninfected orchards, which the following year showed signs of infection. Psa was also detected in pollen collected from male and female vines in an Italian infected orchard. Pollen samples from Italy, but not from New Zealand, were collected with a vacuum device. Psa could not be isolated from any of the 25 New Zealand pollen samples analysed. This is the first report of Psa being associated with pollen. There is currently no evidence that artificial pollination leads to increased infection or that pollen has been responsible for the introduction of Psa in a previously Psa-free area. AU - Vanneste, J. L. AU - Giovanardi, D. AU - Yu, J. AU - Cornish, D. A. AU - Kay, C. AU - Spinelli, F. AU - Stefani, E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :31 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ark, P.A., Pollen as a source of walnut bacterial blight infections (1944) Phytopathology, 34, pp. 330-334; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Molecular and phenotypic features of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated during recent epidemics of bacterial canker on yellow kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in central Italy (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 954-962; Garcin, A., El-Maataoui, M., Tichadou, S., Prunet, J.P., Ginibre, T., Penet, C., Walnut blight, new knowledge for an old disease: Summary of research 1995-2000) (2001) Infos-Ctifl, 171, pp. 27-30; Gonzalez, M.V., Coque, M., Herrero, M., Papillar integrity as an indicator of stigmatic receptivity in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) (1995) Journal of Experimental Botany, 46, pp. 263-269; Howpage, D., Spooner-Hart, R.N., Vithanage, V., Influence of honey bee (Apis mellifera) on kiwifruit pollination and fruit quality under Australian conditions (2001) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 29 (1), pp. 51-59; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Koh, Y.J., Nou, I.S., DNA markers for identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (2002) Molecules and Cells, 13 (2), pp. 309-314; Louws, F.J., Fulbright, D.W., Stephens, C.T., De Bruijn, F.J., Specific genomic fingerprints of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas pathovars and strains generated with repetitive sequences and PCR (1994) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60 (7), pp. 2286-2295; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Ips, P., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Vanneste, J.L., Challenges in tracking the fire blight pathogen (Erwinia amylovora): A case study (2008) Surveillance for Biosecurity: Pre-border to Pest Management, pp. 29-36. , Froud KJ, Popay AI, Zydenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Soc. Inc., Christchurch, New Zealand; Vanneste, J.L., Kay, C., Onorato, R., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Spinelli, F., Max, S., Recent advances in the characterisation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit (2011) Acta Horticulturae, , In Press; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Molecular characterisations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 7-14 PY - 2011 SP - 246-251 ST - Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit pollen samples T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit pollen samples UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055087273&partnerID=40&md5=abc1f4cc21394cf0f19ba22cbfd85963 VL - 64 ID - 312 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, has recently been found in New Zealand. This pathogen has been the object of few studies and little is known about its epidemiology. Yet the development of an effective strategy of control requires an understanding of the life cycle of the pathogen, in particular determining the location of the bacteria in tissues. In this study, the presence of Psa on flowers, symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves and different parts of canes showing symptoms was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or by direct bacterial isolation. Psa was found associated with angular necrotic leaf spots, with white exudate and in canes. In canes, Psa seemed to be either in the parenchyma leading to production of exudate or in the vascular system leading to wilting. Psa was also found on asymptomatic tissues, where it was probably surviving as an epiphyte. AU - Vanneste, J. L. AU - Yu, J. AU - Cornish, D. A. AU - Max, S. AU - Clark, G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :26 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Billing, E., Fire blight. Why do views on host invasion by Erwinia amylovora differ? (2011) Plant Pathology, 60, pp. 178-189; First record of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in New Zealand (2010) EPPO Reporting Service, 11, pp. 10-11. , http://archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2010/Rse-1011.pdf, EPPO(accessed 15 June 2011); Han, H.S., Oak, E.J., Koh, Y.J., Hur, J.-S., Jung, S.J., Characterisation of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated in Korea and genetic relationship among coronatine-producing pathovars based on cmaU sequences (2003) Acta Horticulturae, 610, pp. 403-408; Hirano, S.S., Upper, C.D., Bacteria in the leaf ecosystem with emphasis on Pseudomonas syringae-A pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte (2000) Microbiology and Molecular Biology Review, 64, pp. 624-653; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Louws, F.J., Fulbright, D.W., Stephens, C.T., De Bruijn, F.J., Specific genomic fingerprints of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas pathovars and strains generated with repetitive sequences and PCR (1994) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60 (7), pp. 2286-2295; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Ips, P., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Kwe, R., Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (1995) Pathogenesis and Host Specificity in Plant Diseases: Histopathological, Biochemical, Genetic and Molecular Bases Prokaryotes, 1, pp. 47-138. , Singh US, Singh RP, Kohmoto K ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford and London UK; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Takikawa, Y., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Occurrence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Japan: Description of symptoms, isolation of the pathogen and screening of bactericides (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological, 55, pp. 427-436. , Society of Japan; Vanneste, J.L., Kay, C., Onorato, R., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Spinelli, F., Max, S., Recent advances in the characterisation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit (2011) Acta Horticulturae, , In Press; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Molecular characterisations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 7-14 PY - 2011 SP - 241-245 ST - Presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, on symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, on symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055079806&partnerID=40&md5=0e1b2ee85bc36e7c99f82660df15ae5a VL - 64 ID - 328 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bactericera cockerelli (the tomato-potato psyllid; TPP) and associated insects were monitored weekly in unsprayed potatoes at Pukekohe by using yellow sticky traps and sampling plants from late July 2009 until mid March 2010. TPP adult catches and egg and nymphal infestations were absent or low until mid December. Other exotic and native psyllid species dominated trap catches until TPP populations increased markedly in mid January and peaked at 120 adults per trap in late February, with egg numbers reaching 520 per plant a week later. TPP nymphs peaked at 260 per plant in early February. Micromus tasmaniae (brown lacewing) was common in spring and summer, but Melanostoma fasciatum (small hover fly) became the dominant predator, peaking at 162 eggs and 35 larvae per plant in mid January. Naturally occurring predators appear to be important biological control agents of aphids, small caterpillars and probably TPP on potatoes at Pukekohe. AU - Walker, G. P. AU - MacDonald, F. H. AU - Larsen, N. J. AU - Wallace, A. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anderson, J., Observations on the effect of the potato/tomato psyllid on potato breeding trials at Pukekohe and comments on the possible consequences for the New Zealand potato industry (2008) Crop & Food Research Report, (2146), p. 7. , Crop & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Boase, I., Predators eat the pest for breakfast. Science makes psyllid breakthrough (2010) Grower (February, 65, pp. 6-9; Cameron, P.J., Allan, D.J., Walker, G.P., Wightman, J.A., Management experiments on aphids (Acyrthosiphon spp.) and beneficial insects in lucerne (1983) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 11, pp. 343-349; Cameron, P.J., Surrey, M.R., Wigley, P.J., Jad, A., Hartnett, D.E., Wallace, A.R., Seasonality of Bactericera cockerelli in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) in South Auckland, New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 37, pp. 295-301; Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., Insecticide resistance in green peach aphid from potatoes in South Auckland (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 85-89; Cranshaw, W.S., Hein, G.L., (2004) High Plains IPM Guide. Potato XXII. Potato Psyllid, , http://wiki.bugwood.org/uploads/PotatoPsyllid-Potato.pdf, accessed 3 May 2011; Dale, P.J., Nielson, M.-C., Main characteristics to distinguish Bactericera cockerelli from other psyllids in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 411. , Abstract only; Goolsby, J.A., Adamczyk, J., Bextine, B., Lin, D., Munyaneza, J.E., Bester, G., Development of an IPM programme for the management of the potato psyllid to reduce incidence of zebra chip disorder in potatoes (2007) Subtropical Plant Science, 59, pp. 85-94; Horne, P., Page, J., (2009) IPM in Australian Potato Crops and The Threat from Potato Psyllid, , http://www.vgavic.org.au/pdf/r&d-IPM-Potato-Psyllid-Workshop-NZ.pdf, accessed 3 May 2011; Liefting, L.W., Perez-Egusquiza, Z.C., Grg, C., Jad, A., A new 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species in Solanum tuberosum in New Zealand (2008) Plant Disease, 92 (10), p. 1474; Liefting, L.W., Sutherland, P.W., Ward, L.I., Paice, K.L., Weir, B.S., Grg, C., A new 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species associated with diseases of solanaceous crops (2009) Plant Disease, 93 (3), pp. 208-214; MacDonald, F.H., Walker, G.P., Larsen, N.J., Wallace, A.R., Naturally occurring predators of Bactericera cockerelli in potatoes (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 275. , Abstract only; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (homoptera psyllidae) with zebra chip, a new potato disease in Southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3), pp. 656-663. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[656:AOBCHP]2.0.CO;2; Singh, P., A general-purpose insect diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science and Its Application, 4, pp. 253-256; Daj, T., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielson, M.-C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Valentine, E.W., A list of the hosts of entomophagous insects of New Zealand (1967) New Zealand Journal of Science, 10, pp. 1100-1210; Walker, G., Berry, N., (2009) TPP Control & Management Options, , http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/users/Image/Graphics/PDFS/ Psyllid-control-management-options-plantfood2.pdf, accessed 3 May 2011; Walker, G., Cameron, P., MacDonald, F., Hartnett, D., Wallace, A., Assessment of resistance in potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) from Pukekohe and Waikato potato crops to organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (2008) A Report for Horticulture New Zealand, Crop & Food, p. 11. , Research Report No. 2227, Crop & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Walker, G., Cameron, P., Workman, P., Wright, P., Fletcher, J., Stufkens, M., (2008) Information Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Outdoor Lettuce, , Fresh Vegetable Product Group, Horticulture New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-473-13196-8; Wright, R., Hein, G., Wyatt Hoback, W., Pavlista, A., (2006) Biology and Management of Potato Insects, , http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/ec1565/build/ec1565.pdf, accessed 3 May 2011 PY - 2011 SP - 269-275 ST - Monitoring Bactericera cockerelli and associated insect populations in potatoes in South Auckland T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Monitoring Bactericera cockerelli and associated insect populations in potatoes in South Auckland UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055098270&partnerID=40&md5=35bcd379247aa0fae260fdd0de038461 VL - 64 ID - 305 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Leafrollers are important pests of apples and infested fruit can result in rejection of export consignments. Leafroller mating disruption using a pheromone blend with activity against three species was examined in 12 Hawke's Bay orchards over two seasons (2009-10 and 2010-11). Pheromone dispensers (600/ha) and a single insecticide were applied to trees in early November, and subsequent insecticide use was based on leafroller pheromone trapping and thresholds. The pheromone blend substantially suppressed mating of virgin female lightbrown apple moth in treated orchards and reduced male catch in pheromone traps by up to 98% compared with the season prior to implementation. Insecticide use for leafroller control decreased accordingly, from 2.1-2.7 insecticides per block in 2008/09 to 1.0-1.8 in 2010/11. Leafroller control using mating disruption was acceptable, fruit damage varied from 0.3% to 0.16% and no leafroller larvae were found on fruit in both field assessments and phytosanitary inspections of packed cartons. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Suckling, D. M. AU - El-Sayed, A. M. AU - Fraser, T. M. AU - Horner, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bellas, T.E., Bartell, R.J., Hill, A., Identification of two components of the sex pheromone of the moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) (1983) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 9, pp. 50-512; Cole, L.M., Jts, W., El-Sayed, A.M., Lo, P.L., Sharma, N., A potential mating disruption system for three New Zealand leafroller species (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 398. , abstract only; El-Sayed, A.M., Mitchell, V.J., Manning, L.M., Suckling, D.M., New sex pheromone blend for the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (2011) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 37, pp. 640-646. , DOI 10.1007/s10886-011-9964-x); Gjr, J., Mgt, G., Efficacy of Isomate-CM/LR for management of leafrollers by mating disruption in organic apple orchards of western Canada (2008) Journal of Entomological Society of British Columbia, 105, pp. 45-59; Knight, A.L., Thomson, D.R., Cockfield, S.D., Developing Mating Disruption of Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Washington State (1998) Environmental Entomology, 27 (5), pp. 1080-1088; Mclaren, G.F., Fraser, J.A., Suckling, D.M., Mating disruption for the control of leafrollers on apricots (1998) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26 (4), pp. 259-268; Suckling, D.M., Shaw, P.W., Jgi, K., Cruickshank, V., Resistance management of lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by mating disruption (1990) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 18, pp. 89-98; Suckling, D.M., Shaw, P.W., Large-scale trials of mating disruption of lightbrown apple moth in Nelson, New Zealand (1995) New Zealand Journal of Crop & Horticultural Science, 23 (2), pp. 127-137; Suckling, D.M., Karg, G., Parameters affecting catch of lightbrown apple moth in pheromone-treated orchards (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 319. , abstract only; Suckling, D.M., Burnip, G.M., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., McLaren, G.F., Howard, C.R., Lo, P., Fraser, J., Abundance of leafrollers and their parasitoids on selected host plants in New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26 (3), pp. 193-203; Jts, W., Wearing, C.H., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Burnip, G.M., Tomkins, A.R., Richardson, C.A., Hodson, A.J., Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management recommendations (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 166-172 PY - 2011 SP - 215-221 ST - Use of mating disruption for control of New Zealand leafrollers in apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Use of mating disruption for control of New Zealand leafrollers in apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055089274&partnerID=40&md5=e96e8e7afb256848dfbe6a54382a7c8c VL - 64 ID - 297 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The buddleia leaf weevil, Cleopus japonicus, was released in New Zealand by Scion in 2006 as a biological control agent for the weed Buddleja davidii. One thousand C. japonicus adults were released at each of five commercial forest sites in the North Island. A further 33 releases of approximately 14,910 C. japonicus were made between 2006 and 2011 in the North and South Islands, on both privately- and publically-owned land and sites of conservation importance. The weevil is known to have established at all sites, with the possible exception of one release made in 2007. Location data of C. japonicus provided by local and regional councils, DOC, forest health officers and others have provided information on the spread of C. japonicus. These data show C. japonicus has spread over 50 km from some release sites and is rapidly increasing in population density and distribution. AU - Watson, M. C. AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Heaphy, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Crosby, T.K., Dugdale, J.S., Watt, J.C., Recording specimen localities in New Zealand: An arbitrary system of areas and codes defined (1976) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 3, p. 69; Gresham, B.A., Watson, M.C., Withers, T.M., A laboratory rearing method for Cleopus japonicus (Wingelmüller) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) a biological control agent for Buddleja davidii Franchet (Lamiales: Scrophulariaceae) in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Entomologist, 32, pp. 55-58; Hill, R.L., Withers, T.M., Kay, M.K., Richardson, B., Kimberley, M.O., (2003) Application to ERMA to Release Buddleia Leaf Weevil, Cleopus Japonicus, from Containment As A Biological Control Agent for Buddleja Davidii (NOR02001), , Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand; Kriticos, D., Watt, M.S., Withers, T.M., Leriche, A., Watson, M.C., A process-based population dynamics model to explore target and non-target impacts of a biological control agent (2009) Ecological Modelling, 220, pp. 2035-2050; Watt, M.S., Whitehead, D., Kriticos, D.J., Gous, S.F., Richardson, B., Using a process-based model to analyse compensatory growth in response to defoliation: Simulating herbivory by a biological control agent (2007) Biological Control, 43 (1), pp. 119-129. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.06.011, PII S1049964407001612; Watson, M.C., J, K.D., Berndt, L.A., Withers, T.M., Establishment and early spread of the buddleia leaf weevil (2009) IUFRO International Forest Biosecurity Conference Popular Summaries, pp. 87-89. , Rotorua. NZFRI Bulletin No. 233; Watson, M.C., Watt, M., Withers, T.M., Rate of dispersal a key success factor for weed biological control agents within forest plantations (2010) Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Weeds Conference, pp. 364-367. , Zydenbos SM ed Christchurch, New Zealand Plant Protection; Watson, M.C., Watt, M.S., Withers, T.M., Kimberley, M.O., Rolando, C.A., Potential for Cleopus japonicus to control the weed Buddleja davidii in plantation forests in New Zealand (2011) Forest Ecology & Management, 261, pp. 78-83; Zhang, X., Xi, Y., Zhou, W., Kay, M., Cleopus japonicus, a potential biocontrol agent for Buddleja davidii in New Zealand (1993) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 23, pp. 78-83 PY - 2011 SP - 155-159 ST - Cleopus japonicus: Releases and distribution of the buddleia biological control agent in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Cleopus japonicus: Releases and distribution of the buddleia biological control agent in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055068832&partnerID=40&md5=5aef5544027931305a7b267769d54573 VL - 64 ID - 302 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Paropsis charybdis) egg parasitoid, Enoggera nassaui, is distributed throughout New Zealand. The original population released in New Zealand was from Western Australia and was later augmented with two strains from Tasmania (Florentine Valley and Evandale). Analysis of E. nassaui in 2001 showed a predominance of the Western Australian strain, with only one Florentine Valley individual being detected. In the present study, collections of E. nassaui specimens from P. charybdis eggs made during spring 2010 were subjected to cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence analysis. The majority of individuals from Poronui Station (Taupo) were either the Tasmanian Florentine Valley strain or hybrids between the original Western Australian and Tasmanian strains. It is uncertain whether this outcome will improve the biological control of Paropsis charybdis in New Zealand. AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Phillips, L. D. AU - Bates, T. E. M. AU - Ganley, R. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bain, J., Kay, M.K., Paropsis charybdis Stål, eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 281-287. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed. CAB International and DSIR, Oxon, UK; Goldson, S.L., McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., Negative effects of strain hybridisation on the biocontrol agent Microctonus aethiopoides (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 138-142; Jones, D.C., Withers, T.M., The seasonal abundance of the newly established parasitoid complex of the Eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Paropsis charybdis) (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 51-55; Mansfield, S., Murray, T.J., Withers, T.M., Will the accidental introduction of Neopolycystus insectifurax improve biological control of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle, Paropsis charybdis, in New Zealand? (2011) Biological Control, 56, pp. 30-35; Murphy, B.D., (2006) Biological Control of Paropsis Charybdis Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Paropsine Threat to Eucalyptus in New Zealand, p. 150. , PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch; Murphy, B.D., Kay, M.K., Paropsis charybdis defoliation of Eucalyptus stands in New Zealand's central North Island (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 334-338; Murphy, B.D., Kay, M.K., Allen, G.R., Detection of a Tasmanian strain of the biological control agent Enoggera nassaui Girault (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) using mitochondrial COI (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 252-256; Murray, T.J., Mansfield, S., Withers, T.M., Comparing the behavioural strategies of two parasitoid wasps: Is aggressive resource defending good for biological control? (2008) Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, pp. 416-420; Murray, T.J., Withers, T.M., Mansfield, S., Bain, J., Distribution and current status of natural enemies of Paropsis charybdis in New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 185-190; Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H., Flook, P., Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers (1994) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, pp. 651-701; Tribe, G.D., Cillie, J.J., Biological control of the Eucalyptus-defoliating Australian tortoise beetle Trachymela tincticollis (Blackburn) (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelini: Paropsina) in South Africa by the egg parasitoid Enoggera reticulata Naumann (Hymenoptera: Pteomalidae: Asaphinae) (2000) African Entomology, 8 (1), pp. 15-22 PY - 2011 SP - 44-48 ST - Hybridisation between populations of Enoggera nassaui in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Hybridisation between populations of Enoggera nassaui in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055098272&partnerID=40&md5=034966d4bbef32b4b526011912d9ae27 VL - 64 ID - 331 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most serious global diseases of apples, roses, cucurbits, grapes and cereals. The potential of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and soybean oil (SBO) formulations to control apple PM (caused by Podosphaera leucotricha) on the apple cultivar 'Royal Gala' was investigated. Potted seedlings in a glasshouse were left unsprayed or subjected to weekly sprays of AMF, SBO, fungicide (sulphur as Kumulus® DF), or water. During 6-7 weeks of treatment the AMF and SBO formulations significantly reduced PM to <12% infection of the leaf area compared with 100% in unsprayed and water control plants. There were no significant differences in PM control between AMF and the fungicide treatment, but SBO gave disease control equal to or exceeding the fungicide. After two experiments, plant height, weight and stem girth were significantly higher in plants treated with natural product formulations and the fungicide treatment than those in the unsprayed and water treatments. AU - Wurms, K. V. AU - Ah Chee, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Adaskaveg, J., Gluber, D., Michailides, T., Holtz, B., (2010) Efficacy and Timing of Fungicides Bactericides and Biological for Deciduous Tree Fruit Nut Strawberry and Vine Crops, , http://scholarship.org/uc/item/61n96422, accessed 6 April 2011; Agrios, G.N., (1997) Plant Pathology, p. 635. , Academic Press, New York, USA. Fourth edition; Bettiol, W., Effectiveness of cow's milk against zucchini squash powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in greenhouse conditions (1999) Crop Protection, 18 (8), pp. 489-492. , DOI 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00046-0, PII S0261219499000460; (2011) Directory of Biogro Certified Inputs for Producers, , http://www.biogro.co.nz/directory-crop.pdf, BioGro, accessed 6 April 2011; Caffier, V., Parisi, L., Development of apple powdery mildew on sources of resistance to Podosphaera leucotricha, exposed to an inoculum virulent against the major resistance gene Pl-2 (2007) Plant Breeding, 126 (3), pp. 319-322. , DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2007.01351.x; Creemers, P., Vanmechelen, A., Managing fungal disease on pome fruits in relation with ant-resistance strategies for modern fungicides (1999) Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, 2, pp. 257-266; Creemers, P., Van Laer, S., Van Mechelen, A., Vorstermans, B., Hauake, K., Evaluation of the users value of slats against apple scab and powdery mildew for the integrated fruit production (2007) Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 72 (4), pp. 917-923; Crisp, P., Bruer, D., Organic control of powdery mildew without sulfur (2001) Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker, 452, p. 22; Faloon, S., (2011) The Symptoms of A Sulphur Allergy. EHow™ Health, , http://www.ehow.com/about-5048091-symptoms-sulphurallergy.htm, accessed 7 April 2011; Gao, L.Q., Berrie, A., Yang, J.R., Xu, X.M., Within-and between-orchard variability in the sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, a DMI fungicide, in the UK (2009) Pest Management Science, 65 (11), pp. 1241-1249; Jee, H.J., Shim, C.K., Ryu, K.Y., Park, J.H., Lee, B.M., Choi, D.H., Ryu, G.H., Control of powdery and downy mildews of cucumber by using cooking oils and yolk mixture (2009) Plant Pathology Journal, 25 (3), pp. 280-285; Kabara, J., Fatty acids and derivatives as antimicrobial agents-A review (1978) American Oil Chemists' Society Monograph, 5, pp. 1-14; Kabara, J., Antimicrobial agents derived from fatty acids (1984) Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 61, pp. 397-403; Ko, W.H., Wang, S.Y., Hsieh, T.F., Ann, P.J., Effects of sunflower oil on tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici (2003) Journal of Phytopathology, 151 (3), pp. 144-148. , DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00698.x; Kumar, J., Chaube, H.S., Sing, U.S., Mukhopadhyay, A.N., (1992) Plant Diseases of International Importance. Volume III. Diseases of Fruit Crops, p. 456. , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, USA; Northover, J., Schneider, K.E., Activity of plant oils on diseases caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, Venturia inaequalis, and Albugo occidentalis (1993) Plant Disease, 77 (2), pp. 152-157; Northover, J., Schneider, K.E., Physical modes of action of petroleum and plant oils on powdery and downy mildews of grapevines (1996) Plant Disease, 80 (5), pp. 544-550; Savocchia, S., Mandel, R., Crisp, P., Scott, E.S., Evaluation of 'alterative' materials to sulphur and synthetic fungicides for control of grapevine powdery mildew in a warm climate region of Australia (2011) Australasian Plant Pathology, 40 (1), pp. 20-27; Spencer, D.M., Standardized methods for the evaluation of fungicides to control cucumber powdery mildew (1977) Crop Protection Agents-their Biological Evaluation, pp. 455-464. , McFarlane NR ed. Academic Press, London; Yoder, K.S., Powdery mildew of apple (1992) Plant Diseases of International Importance. Volume III. Diseases of Fruit Crops, pp. 66-89. , Kumar J, Chaube HS, Sing US, Mukhopadhyay AN ed, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, USA; Young, S., (2009) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 779. , AgriMedia Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2011 SP - 201-208 ST - Control of powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) on apple seedlings using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) on apple seedlings using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055096061&partnerID=40&md5=92428cf60df1c33b7e251a8910b9135f VL - 64 ID - 292 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A survey of Integrated Fruit Production and organic apple orchards in Hawke's Bay in 2010-11 investigated sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis isolates to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and dodine fungicides. EC50 values from mycelial growth assays for two DMIs showed continued loss of sensitivity since the 1990s. Sensitivity was lower in orchards where DMI usage exceeded resistance management guidelines. The most DMI-sensitive isolates were found in one organic orchard. Plant inoculations showed that black spot control of myclobutanil-resistant V. inaequalis strains by one application of myclobutanil was only 55%, compared with 99% for myclobutanil-sensitive strains. The study suggests that resistance to DMI fungicides has continued to develop, that loss of black spot control could be expected in some orchards and that DMI resistance management guidelines need reviewing. There was high sensitivity to dodine in all orchards (mean EC50 of 0.24 mg/litre) and no evidence of increased resistance since the 1990s. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Park, N. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bakker, G.R., Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis and V. pirina to dodine in New Zealand (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 167-170; Bakker, G.R., Butcher, M.R., Gaunt, R.E., Sensitivity of apple black spot to fenarimol, flusilazol, myclobutanil, penconazole and dodine in New Zealand (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 7-11; Beresford, R.M., DMI (demethylation inhibitor) management strategy (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention and Management Strategies 2005, pp. 21-25. , Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington KC ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc; Beresford, R.M., Dodine management strategy (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention and Management Strategies 2005, pp. 27-28. , Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington KC ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc; Beresford, R.M., Manktelow, D.W.L., Economics of reducing fungicide use by weather-based disease forecasts for control of Venturia inaequalis in apples (1994) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 22, pp. 112-120; Beresford, R.M., Follas, G.B., Hagerty, G.C., Harrington, K.C., Martin, N.A., The New Zealand Committee on Pesticide Resistance (NZCPR) (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 393-394; Chapman, K.S., Sundin, G.W., Beckerman, J.L., Identification of resistance to multiple fungicides in field populations of Venturia inaequalis (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 921-926; Fiaccadori, R., Gielink, A.J., Dekker, J., Sensitivity of inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis in isolates of Venturia inaequalis from Italian and Dutch orchards (1987) Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 93, pp. 285-287; Stanis, V.F., Jones, A.L., Reduced sensitivity to sterol inhibiting fungicide in field isolates of Venturia inaequalis (1985) Phytopathology, 75, pp. 1098-1101; Whelan, H.G., Butcher, M.R., Gaunt, R.E., Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis (black spot) on apples to DMI fungicides in New Zealand (1992) Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 289-294 PY - 2012 SP - 106-113 ST - Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, penconazole and dodine in relation to fungicide use in Hawke's Bay apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, penconazole and dodine in relation to fungicide use in Hawke's Bay apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868242565&partnerID=40&md5=38db4574c6c332e5e299265de253890a VL - 65 ID - 272 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth (MFM) are widely used for rearing biocontrol agents. Understanding how nutritional stress and larval crowding affect MFM fitness is essential to the development of an optimal production programme. Such knowledge could also help lead to novel management strategies because it is an important storage pest. The development, survival and reproductive output of MFM under five densities (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 larvae reared on 50 g of diet) were examined. As larval density increased the larval developmental period significantly increased from 27.8 to 33.7 days, and the larval survival rate and resulting females' fecundity significantly decreased from 77.6 to 47.6% and 326.8 to 132.6 eggs, respectively (P<0.0001). There was no significant difference in fertility, survival, pupation and emergence rates between densities of 50, 100 and 200 larvae. Therefore, the optimal rearing density could be up to 200 larvae on 50 g of diet. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Bhavanam, S. P. AU - Wang, Q. AU - He, X. Z. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bauerfeind, S.S., Fischer, K., Effects of food stress and density in different life stages on reproduction in a butterfly (2005) Oikos, 111, pp. 514-524; Brower, J.H., Eggs of stored-product lepidoptera as hosts for Trichogramma evanescens (Hym.:Trichogrammatidae) (1983) BioControl, 28, pp. 355-361; Cerutti, F., Bigler, F., Eden, G., Bosshart, S., Optimal larval density and quality control aspects in mass rearing of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Lepidoptera, Phycitidae) (1992) Journal of Applied Entomology, 114, pp. 353-361; Fantinou, A.A., Perdikis, D.C., Stamogiannis, N., Effect of larval crowding on the life history traits of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2008) European Journal of Entomology, 105, pp. 625-630; Hooper, H.L., Sibly, R.M., Hutchinson, T.H., Maund, S.J., The influence of larval density, food availability and habitat longevity on the life history and population growth rate of the midge Chironomus riparius (2003) Oikos, 102, pp. 515-524; Lima, F.M., Favero, S., Lima, J.O.G.D., Production of the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on an artificial diet containing corn meal (2001) Neotropical Entomology, 30, pp. 37-42; Peters, T.M., Barbosa, P., Influence of population density on size, fecundity, and developmental rate of insects in culture (1977) Annual Reviews of Entomology, 22, pp. 431-450; Samara, R.Y., Monje, J.C., Comparison of different European strains of Trichogramma aurosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) using fertility life tables (2008) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 18, pp. 75-86; Sato, T., Shinkaji, N., Amano, H., Effects of larval density on larval survivorship and imaginal fecundity of Dacne picta (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) (2004) Applied Entomological Zoology, 39, pp. 591-596; Savoldelli, S., Cannibalistic behaviour of the first and second instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Cadra cautella (Walker), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) under starvation (2006) Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e Bachicoltura, 38, pp. 115-125; Xu, J., Wang, Q., He, X.Z., Influence of larval density on biological fitness of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 199-202 PY - 2012 SP - 138-141 ST - Effect of nutritional stress and larval crowding on survival, development and reproductive output of Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of nutritional stress and larval crowding on survival, development and reproductive output of Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868257484&partnerID=40&md5=ac7f4db6a492c13c5c3424a361383618 VL - 65 ID - 278 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Neofusicoccum macroclavatum, a recognised pathogen of Eucalyptus globulus in Western Australia, was recently isolated for the first time from grapevines in New Zealand. Its identity was confirmed by analysis of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), β-tubulin gene and elongation factor α1 sequence analyses. Previous pathogenicity studies of nursery isolates showed that this isolate (M353) was pathogenic to Sauvignon blanc 1-year-old rooted canes and green shoots similar to other Botryosphaeriaceae pathogens of grapevines. To further investigate its pathogenicity on eucalypts, M353 was inoculated onto 1-year-old seedlings of E. globulus and shown to produce external stem lesions with a mean length of 29 mm that was significantly longer (P<0.001) than those caused by N. australe (17 mm), another common Botryosphaeriaceae pathogen of Eucalyptus in Australia. This research demonstrates that the N. macroclavatum isolated from grapevine is pathogenic to eucalypts. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Billones-Baaijens, R. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ahimera, N., Driever, G.F., Michailides, T.J., Relationships among propagule numbers of Botryosphaeria dothidea, latent infections, and severity of panicle and shoot blight in pistachio orchards (2003) Plant Disease, 87, pp. 846-852; Alves, A., Phillips, A.J.L., Henriques, I., Correia, A., Evaluation of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis as a method for the identification of Botryosphaeria spp (2005) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 245, pp. 221-229; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., First report of Neofusicoccum australe (Botryosphaeria australis), a cause of grapevine dieback in New Zealand (2009) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4 (1), pp. 6-8; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Identification, potential inoculum sources and pathogenicity of botryosphaeriaceous species associated with grapevine dieback disease in New Zealand (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 131, pp. 467-482; Baskarathevan, J., Jaspers, M.V., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Identification, incidence and distribution of botryosphaeriaceous species in New Zealand vineyards (2012) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 132, pp. 549-560; Billones, R.G., Ridgway, H.J., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M.V., First report of Neofusicoccum macroclavatum as canker pathogen of grapevine in New Zealand (2010) Plant Disease, 94, p. 1504; Billones-Baaijens, R., (2011) Botryosphaeria Infections in New Zealand Grapevine Nurseries: Sources of Inoculum and Infection Pathways, , PhD Thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Burgess, T.I., Barber, P.A., Hardy, G.E.S.J., Botryosphaeria spp. associated with eucalyptus in Western Australia, including the description of Fusicoccum macroclavatum sp. nov (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34, pp. 557-567; Crous, P.W., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J., Rheeder, J., Marasas, W.F.O., Phillips, A.J.L., Alves, A., Groenewald, J.Z., Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae (2006) Studies in Mycology, 55, pp. 235-253; Flowers, J., Nuckles, E., Hartman, J., Vaillancourt, L., Latent infections of Austrian and Scots pine tissues by Sphaeropsis sapinea (2001) Plant Disease, 85, pp. 1107-1112; Ridley, G.S., Bain, J., Bulman, L.S., Dick, M.A., Kay, M.K., Threats to New Zealand's indigenous forests from exotic pathogens and pests (2000) Science for Conservation, 142, pp. 1-67; Sale, P.R., Orchard shelter belts (1978) California Avocado Society Yearbook, 62, pp. 79-84. , http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_Yearbooks.htm, accessed 31 May 2012; Sutton, T.B., Arauz, L.F., Influence of temperature and moisture on germination of ascospores and conidia of Botryosphaeria dothidea (1991) Plant Disease, 75, pp. 1146-1149; Treeby, B., (1999) Foliage Ban to Keep Out Moths, p. 31. , New Zealand Tree Grower, August 1999; Urbes-Torres, J.R., Leavitt, G.M., Voegel, T.M., Gubler, W.D., Identification and distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. associated with grapevine cankers in California (2006) Plant Disease, 90, pp. 1490-1503; Withers, T.M., Colonization of eucalyptus in New Zealand by Australian insects (2001) Austral Ecology, 26, pp. 467-476 PY - 2012 SP - 262-266 ST - Pathogenicity of a New Zealand grapevine isolate of Neofusicoccum macroclavatum on Eucalyptus globulus T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pathogenicity of a New Zealand grapevine isolate of Neofusicoccum macroclavatum on Eucalyptus globulus UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868261020&partnerID=40&md5=35adb7f297a437fedf20d03728351dfe VL - 65 ID - 246 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Group standards are a New Zealand regulatory approach to managing a group of hazardous substances of a similar nature, type or having similar circumstances of use, such as paints or cosmetics. Straight-chained lepidopteran sex pheromones (SCLP) can be used for population monitoring or for mating disruption to help reduce reliance on insecticides. To avoid the need for each pheromone substance to be registered separately under Part 5 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (1996), Plant & Food Research has developed the Straight-chained Lepidopteran Sex Pheromone Group Standard (HSR100628). This means that new SCLP products for research or sale can be developed, imported or manufactured more efficiently and effectively, promoting innovation in an area with small market size but large beneficial impact on plant protection. Regulatory aspects of pheromones and semiochemicals for research and commercial use are discussed. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Boyd Wilson, K. S. H. AU - Suckling, D. M. AU - Graham, D. P. F. AU - Clare, G. K. AU - Stevens, P. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2008) A Review of Acute Toxicity Studies Results on the Light Brown Apple Moth Pheromone Active Ingredient and Four LBAM Pheromone Products, , http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pressrls/lbam/lbam.htm, accessed 1 May 2012; Brockerhoff, E.G., Jones, D.C., Kimberley, M.O., Suckling, D.M., Donaldson, T., Nationwide survey for invasive wood-boring and bark beetles (Coleoptera) using traps baited with pheromones and kairomones (2006) Forest Ecology and Management, 228, pp. 234-240; Dymock, J.J., Gibb, A.R., Suckling, D.M., Monitoring and predicting populations of the tropical grass webworm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) a pest of kikuyu pasture in Northland (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 25-30; El-Sayed, A.M., (2012) The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals, , http://www.pherobase.com, accessed 21 February 2012; El-Sayed, A.M., Mitchell, V.J., McLaren, G.F., Manning, L.M., Bunn, B., Suckling, D.M., Attraction of New Zealand flower thrips, Thrips obscuratus, to cis-jasmone, a volatile identified from Japanese honeysuckle flowers (2009) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 35, pp. 656-663; El-Sayed, A.M., Unelius, C.R., Twidle, A., Mitchell, V., Manning, L.A., Cole, L., Suckling, D.M., Bergmann, J., Chrysanthemyl 2-acetoxy-3-methylbutanoate: The sex pheromone of the citrophilous mealybug, Pseudococcus calceolariae (2010) Tetrahedron Letters, 51, pp. 1075-1078; New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals, , http://www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/Pages/nzioc-search.aspx, accessed 1 February 2012; Gregg, P.C., Greive, K.A., Del Socorro, A.P., Hawes, A.J., Research to realisation: The challenging path for novel pest management products in Australia (2010) Australian Journal of Entomology, 49, pp. 1-9; Jamieson, L.E., Dymock, J.J., Dawson, T., Froud, K.J., Seldon, D.S., Suckling, D.M., Gibb, A.R., Guava moth in New Zealand - Distribution, hosts, life cycle observations and discussion of pest management options (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 13-19; Jones, O.T., (2001) An Analysis of Potential Barriers to the Commercial Development of Semiochemicals for Crop Protection, , http://www.aims.defra.gov.uk/homepage/documents/22.doc, Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK. (accessed 1 October 2009); Lacey, M.J., Sanders, C.J., Chemical composition of sex pheromone of oriental fruit moth and rates of release by individual female moths (1992) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 18, pp. 1421-1435; (2002) Guidance for Registration Requirements for Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals Used for Arthropod Pest Control, , http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/44/2633680.pdf, Appendix 9. accessed 1 February 2012; Suckling, D.M., Gibb, A.R., Burnip, G.M., Delury, N.C., Can parasitoid sex pheromones help in insect biocontrol? A case study of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its parasitoid Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (2002) Environmental Entomology, 31, pp. 947-952; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., Manning, L.A., Lo, P., Wallis, R., Bell, V., El-Sayed, A.M., Trapping Dasinuera mali (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) in apples (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 745-751; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Lo, P.L., Shaw, P.W., McLaren, G.F., Clare, G., El-Sayed, A.M., Progress with pheromones and other semiochemicals for fruit pest management in New Zealand (2008) Future Challenges in Crop Protection: Repositioning New Zealand's Primary Industries for the Future New Zealand Plant Protection Society, pp. 99-107. , Butcher MR, Walker JTS, Zydenbos SM ed, Hastings, New Zealand; Suckling, D.M., Jang, E.B., Holder, P., Carvalho, L., Stephens, A.E.A., Evaluation of lure dispensers for fruit fly surveillance in New Zealand (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 848-856; Suckling, D.M., Peck, R.W., Stringer, L.D., Snook, K., Banko, P.C., Trail pheromone disruption of Argentine ant trail formation and foraging (2010) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36, pp. 122-128; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Clare, G.K., Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Hall, C., El-Sayed, A.M., Stevens, P.S., Development and commercialisation of pheromone products in New Zealand (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 267-273; Touhey, J.G., (1990) A Review of the Current Bases for the United States Environmental Protection Agencies Policies for the Regulation of Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals, Together with A Review of the Available Relevant Data Which May Impact the Assessment of Risk for These Classes of Chemicals. Part 1. Straight Chain Alcohols, Acetate Esters and Aldehydes, p. 474. , Unpublished report, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA; Unelius, C.R., Townsend, R.J., Mundy, D.C., Manning, L.M., Jackson, T.A., Suckling, D.M., Comparisons of traps and lures for monitoring grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 215-221; Arthropod pheromones; Experimental use permits (1994) Federal Register, 59 (3), pp. 34812-34814. , United States Environmental Protection Agency; (2007) Lepidopteran Pheromones Fact Sheet, , www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/ factsheet_lep_pheromones.htm, United States Environmental Protection Agency. United States Federal Register. 1994 (accessed 1 February 2012); Biopesticide registration action document. Straight chain lepidopteran pheromones (2009) Office of Pesticide Programs, , www.epa.gov/opp00001/biopesticides/ingredients/tech_docs/brad_128002.pdf, accessed 1 February 2012; Witzgall, P., Kirsch, P., Cork, A., Sex pheromones and their impact on pest management (2010) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36, pp. 80-100 PY - 2012 SP - 274-280 ST - Promoting innovation through a new group standard for straight-chained lepidopteran sex pheromones T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Promoting innovation through a new group standard for straight-chained lepidopteran sex pheromones UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868233071&partnerID=40&md5=811252e56ca2735394154fa27b0be943 VL - 65 ID - 248 ER - TY - JOUR AB - One-year-old grapevines of Sauvignon blanc grafted to rootstocks 101-14 or Schwarzmann were used to evaluate the effects of partial defoliation and inoculation with C. destructans on disease severity, incidence and dry weight accumulation. Assessment 8 months after treatments showed that disease incidence was not affected by the defoliation treatments. However, disease severity was significantly highest for the highly defoliated plants (P=0.043). Incidence and severity were similar for Schwarzmann (29.3 and 8.4%, respectively) and 101-14 (31.0 and 14.9%, respectively). Root dry weight was affected by the defoliation treatments (P=0.000), being significantly lower in the highly defoliated plants than the moderately defoliated and undefoliated plants (15.6, 18.5 and 19.9 g, respectively). The practice of leaf removal in young vines clearly needs to be managed when black foot is a recognised risk factor for newly planted vineyards. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Brown, D. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Halleen, F., Crous, P.W., Petrini, O., Fungi associated with healthy grapevine cuttings in nurseries, with special reference to pathogens involved in the decline of young vines (2003) Australasian Plant Pathology, 32, pp. 47-52; Halleen, F., Schroers, H.J., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Novel species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon gen. nov. associated with black foot disease of grapevines (Vitis spp.) (2004) Studies in Mycology, 50, pp. 431-455; Hunter, J.J., Ruffner, H.P., Volschenk, C.G., Leroux, D.J., Partial defoliation of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon/99 Richter: Effect on root growth, canopy efficiency, grape composition, and wine quality (1995) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 46, pp. 306-314; Jackson, D., Schuster, D., (2001) The Production of Grapes & Wine in Cool Climates, p. 194. , Daphne Brasell Associates Ltd and Gypsum Press, Christchurch, New Zealand; Kliewer, W.M., Fuller, R.D., Effect of time and severity of defoliation on growth of roots, trunks, and shoots of Thompson seedless grapevines (1973) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 24, pp. 59-64; Marcais, B., Breda, N., Role of an opportunistic pathogen in the decline of stressed oak trees (2006) Journal of Ecology, 94, pp. 1214-1223; Old, K.M., Gibbs, R., Craig, I., Myers, B.J., Yuan, Z.Q., Effect of drought and defoliation on the susceptibility of Eucalypts to cankers caused by Endothia gyrosa and Botryosphaeria ribis (1990) Australian Journal of Botany, 38, pp. 571-581; Oliveira, H., Rego, M.C., Nascimento, T., Decline of young grapevines caused by fungi (2004) Acta Horticulturae, 652, pp. 295-304; Rego, C., Nascimento, T., Oliveira, H., Characterisation of Cylindrocarpon destructans isolates from grapevines in Portugal (2001) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 40 (SUPPL.), pp. 343-350; Scheck, H., Vasquez, S., Fogle, D., Gubler, W.D., Grape growers report losses to black-foot and grapevine decline (1998) California Agriculture, 52, pp. 19-23; Schoeneweiss, D.F., The role of environmental stress in diseases of woody plants (1981) Plant Disease, 65, pp. 308-314; Stamp, J.A., The contribution of imperfections in nursery stock to the decline of young vines in California (2001) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 40 (SUPPL.), pp. 369-375 PY - 2012 SP - 256-261 ST - Effect of partial defoliation on Cylindrocarpon destructans infection of grapevines T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of partial defoliation on Cylindrocarpon destructans infection of grapevines UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868221972&partnerID=40&md5=a563ebe13b659d9f3a461ab9cf481632 VL - 65 ID - 254 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Since work reported in 2008, developments on the AGDISP ground boom model have improved results against New Zealand field trial drift data and also compare better with ground boom drift data sets from Belgium and Canada. The model still predicts more drift than the experimental data in most cases, especially for smaller droplet sizes, but does predict less drift for larger droplets at large distances downwind. The original AGDISP ground model was calibrated from Spray Drift Task Force data from the United States. The experimental methods need to be developed to improve collection efficiency and mass balance. The physics behind the model are discussed and proposed methods for improvement are suggested, including air velocities in the spray jet below the nozzle, the dispersion of the spray plume cloud at ground level due to atmospheric turbulence and wakes from the spraying equipment. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Connell, R. J. AU - Schou, W. C. AU - Nuyttens, D. AU - Wolf, T. M. AU - Praat, J. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2011) USDA Forest Service Spray Modelling Software, Version 8.25, , AGDISP 8.25. Harold W. Thistle, USDA Forest Service, 180 Cranford Street, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA; Bilanin, A.J., Teske, M.E., Barry, J.W., Ekblad, R.B., AGDISP: The aircraft spray dispersion model, code development and experimental validation (1989) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 32 (1), pp. 327-334; (2012), http://www.cfd-online.com, (accessed 15 April 2012); Connell, R.J., Hewitt, A.J., Wolf, T., Miller, P.C.H., WTDISP, Adapting a Lagrangian ground sprayer model using wind tunnel data (2009) 18th World IMACS/MODSIM Congress, pp. 4402-4408. , 13-17 July 2009, Cairns, Australia; Counihan, J., Adiabatic atmospheric boundary layers: A review and analysis of data from the period 1880 to 1972 (1975) Atmospheric Environment, 9, pp. 871-905; May, K.R., Clifford, R., The impaction of aerosol particles on cylinders, spheres, ribbons and discs (1967) Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 10, pp. 83-95; May, K.R., Pomeroy, N.P., Hibbs, S., Sampling techniques for large windborne particles (1976) Journal of Aerosol Science, 7, pp. 53-62; Miller, P.C.H., Butler Ellis, M.C., Tuck, C.R., Entrained air and droplet velocities produced by agricultural flat-fan nozzles (1996) Atomization and Sprays, 6, pp. 693-707; Nuyttens, D., (2007) Drift from Field Crop Sprayers: The Influence of Spray Application Technology Determined Using Indirect and Direct Drift Assessment Means, p. 267. , PhD thesis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Nuyttens, D., De Schampheleire, M., Baetens, K., Sonck, B., The influence of operator controlled variables on spray drift from field crop sprayers (2007) Transactions of the ASABE, 50, pp. 1129-1140; Nuyttens, D., Baetens, K., De Schampheleire, M., Sonck, B., Effect of nozzle type, size and pressure on spray droplet characteristics (2007) Biosystems Engineering, 97, pp. 333-345; Nuyttens, D., De Schampheleire, M., Verboven, P., Brusselman, E., Dekeyser, D., Droplet sizevelocity characteristics of agricultural sprays (2009) Transactions of the ASABE, 52, pp. 1471-1480; Nuyttens, D., De Schampheleire, M., Verboven, P., Sonck, B., Comparison between indirect and direct spray drift assessment methods (2010) Biosystems Engineering, 105, pp. 2-12; Nuyttens, D., De Schampheleire, M., Baetens, K., Brusselman, E., Dekeyser, D., Verboven, P., Drift from field crop sprayers using an integrated approach: Results of a 5 year study (2011) Transactions of the ASABE, 54, pp. 403-408; Schou, W.C., AGDISP model developments (2011) Pesticide Application and Drift Modelling Workshop, , 29-31 August 2011, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Stainier, C., Destain, M.-F., Schiffers, B., Lebeau, F., Droplet size spectra and drift effect of two phenmedipham formulations and four adjuvant mixtures (2006) Crop Protection, 25, pp. 1238-1243; Teske, M.E., Miller, P.C.H., Thistle, H.W., Birchfield, N.B., Initial development and validation of a mechanistic spray drift model for ground boom sprayers (2009) Transactions of the ASABE, 52, pp. 1089-1097; Wolf, T.M., Caldwell, B.C., Development of a Canadian spray drift model for the determination of buffer zone distances (2001) Proceedings of the 2001 National Meeting, p. 60. , Bernier D, Campbell DRA, Cloutier D ed. Expert Committee on Weeds - Comité d'Experts en Malherbologie, Québec City. Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada; Woodward, S.J.R., Connell, R.J., Zabkiewicz, J.A., Steele, K.D., Praat, J.P., Evaluation of the AGDISP ground boom spray drift model (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 164-168; Yahaya, S., Frangi, J.P., Richard, D.C., Turbulence characteristics of a semiarid atmospheric surface layer from cup anemometers - Effects of soil tillage treatment (Northern Spain) (2003) Annales Geophysicae, 21, pp. 2119-2131; Zabkiewisz, J.A., Steele, K.D., Praat, J.P., Determination of spray drift using multiple metal cations as tracers (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 159-163 PY - 2012 SP - 93-99 ST - Comparison of the mechanistic AGDISP ground boom spray model with experimental data T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of the mechanistic AGDISP ground boom spray model with experimental data UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868236096&partnerID=40&md5=6c6ff05afc782a00e37787e5279d7933 VL - 65 ID - 259 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Susceptibility of 16 wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot (caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis) was examined in field experiments. Disease incidence varied markedly between experiments, but one cultivar, 'Regency', consistently had very low incidence, which was confirmed in a greenhouse experiment. Some cultivars had a high incidence of disease in some field experiments, but most cultivars had intermediate incidence. A greenhouse experiment provided some evidence for pathogenic variation in R. cerealis. Monitoring of disease progression in commercial crops confirmed the cultivar differences identified in field experiments. Infection was greater in crops sown in mid-autumn than in late-autumn to winter. Primary infection occurred during seedling growth stages, with maximum disease incidence occurring by late spring. Primary infection developed in resistant cultivars, but there was little spread to inner leaf sheaths. Selection for resistance to sharp eyespot is feasible in breeding programmes and commercial losses could be reduced by using the more resistant cultivars. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Cromey, M. G. AU - Hide, C. C. L. AU - Meenken, E. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bateman, G.L., Development of disease symptoms and fungal pathogens on shoot bases in continuous (1993) Plant Pathology, 42, pp. 595-608. , winter wheat, and effects of fungicides; Clarkson, J.D.S., Cook, R.J., Effects of sharp eyespot on yield loss in winter wheat (1983) Plant Pathology, 32, pp. 421-428; Clulow, M., Wale, S.J., Resistance of cultivars of wheat, barley and oats to sharp eyespot (1984) Annals of Applied Biology, 104 (SUPPL. 5), pp. 104-105; Colbach, H., Lucas, P., Cavelier, N., Carvelier, A., Influence of cropping system on sharp eyespot in winter wheat (1997) Crop Protection, 16, pp. 415-422; Cromey, M.G., Butler, R.C., Boddington, H.J., Moorhead, A.R., Effects of sharp eyespot on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) (2002) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30, pp. 9-17; Cromey, M.G., Butler, R.C., Munro, C.A., Shorter, S.C., Susceptibility of New Zealand wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 268-272; Cromey, M.G., Parkes, R.A., Fraser, P.M., Factors associated with stem base and root diseases of New Zealand wheat and barley crops (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 391-400; He, W., Song, Y., Zhang, Z., Evaluation of resistance of wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot (1998) Crop Genetic Resources, 39, pp. 30-31; Hollins, T.W., Scott, P.R., Resistance of wheat cultivars to sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis (1983) Annals of Applied Biology, 102 (SUPPL.), pp. 126-127; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, , Chapman & Hall, London, UK; Pitt, D., Studies on sharp eyespot disease of cereals. I. Disease symptoms and pathogenicity of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and the influence of soil factors and temperatures on disease development (1964) Annals of Applied Biology, 54, pp. 77-89; Polley, R.W., Thomas, M.R., Surveys of diseases of winter wheat in England and Wales, 1976-1988 (1991) Annals of Applied Biology, 119, pp. 1-20; Schall, R., Estimation in generalized linear mixed models with random effects (1991) Biometrika, 78, pp. 719-727; Shi, J., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Screening techniques and evaluation of wheat resistance to sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis (2000) Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 27, pp. 107-112; Wiese, M.V., (1987) Compendium of Wheat Diseases, , Second edition. APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota, USA; Zadoks, J.C., Chang, T.T., Konzak, C.F., A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals (1974) Weed Research, 14, pp. 415-421 PY - 2012 SP - 204-212 ST - Resistance to sharp eyespot in wheat T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Resistance to sharp eyespot in wheat UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868227610&partnerID=40&md5=ea1283ef14b57fc1b8e72eff027c6666 VL - 65 ID - 263 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The impact of tospovirus infection on the behaviour of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was evaluated in a Y-tube olfactometer. The response of female western flower thrips, with or without a tospovirus (Tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV) to a thrips lure (methyl isonicotinate, MI), and chrysanthemum buds was recorded. Compared to the blank arm, significantly more thrips chose the odour-laden arm of the Y-tube when it contained MI (65%, P<0.01). However, chrysanthemum buds did not significantly (P>0.16) increase the percentage of thrips that chose the odour-laden arm over and above the clean-air arm, but thrips (virus-free and infected) moved more quickly to the end of either arm when a bud was present. The virus status of thrips was confirmed with RT-PCR. The presence of the virus in the vector did not substantially affect the behavioural response of the vector to a lure or host-plant material (P>0.4). © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Skill, S. M. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - Keenan, S. AU - Bulman, S. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Collett, D., Modelling survival data in medical research (2003) Texts in Statistical Science Series, 57, p. 391. , Chapman Hall/CRC Press, London; Cox, D.R., Regression models and life-tables (1972) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 34, pp. 187-220; Davidson, M.M., Butler, R.C., Teulon, D.A., Starvation period and age affect the response of female Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to odor and visual cues (2006) Journal of Insect Physiology, 52, pp. 729-736; Davidson, M.M., Butler, R.C., Winkler, S., Teulon, D.A.J., Pyridine compounds increase trap capture of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in a covered crop (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 56-60; Davidson, M.M., Perry, N.B., Larsen, L., Green, V.C., Butler, R.C., Teulon, D.A.J., 4-pyridyl carbonyl compounds as thrips lures: Effectiveness for western flower thrips in Y-tube bioassays (2008) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, pp. 6554-6561; Inoue, T., Sakurai, T., Infection of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) shortens the life span of thelytokous Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (2006) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 41, pp. 239-246; Jones, D., Plant viruses transmitted by thrips (2005) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 113, pp. 119-157; Kennedy, J.S., Olfactory responses to distant plants and other odour sources (1977) Chemical Control of Insect Behavior, Theory and Application, pp. 67-91. , Shorey HH, McKelvey JJ ed. Wiley, New York; Koschier, E.H., De Kogel, W.J., Visser, J.H., Assessing the attractiveness of volatile plant compounds to western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (2000) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26, pp. 2643-2655; Lima-Camara, T.N., Bruno, R.V., Luz, P.M., Castro, M.G., Lourenco-De-Oliveira, R., Sorgine, M.H.F., Peixoto, A.A., Dengue infection increases the locomotor activity of Aedes aegypti females (2011) PLoS ONE, 6; Maris, P., Joosten, N., Goldbach, R.W., Peters, D., Tomato spoted wilt virus infection improves host suitability for its vector Frankliniella occidentalis (2004) Phytopathology, 94, pp. 706-711; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Butler, R.C., Insecticide bioassays for western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) and greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae) (2005) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 33, pp. 177-184; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, pp. 511+xix. , Chapman & Hall, London; Murai, T., Ishii, T., Simple rearing method for flower thrips on pollen (1982) Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 26, pp. 149-154; Pow, E.M., Bennison, J.A., Birkett, M.A., Luszniak, M.J., Manjunatha, M., Pickett, J.A., Segers, I.S., Woodcock, C.M., Behavioural responses of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) to host plant volatiles (1998) Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Thysanoptera, pp. 121-128. , Antalya, Turkey; Roberts, C.A., Dietzgen, R.G., Heelan, L.A., MacLean, D.J., Real-time RT-PCR fluorescent detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (2000) Journal of Virological Methods, 88, pp. 1-8; Smits, P.H., Van Deventer, P., De Kogel, W.J., Western flower thrips: Reactions to odours and colours (2000) Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology, N.E.V., 11, pp. 175-180; Stafford, C.A., Walker, G.P., Ullman, D.E., Infection with a plant virus modifies vector feeding behavior (2011) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, pp. 9350-9355; Teulon, D.A.J., Laboratory technique for rearing western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (1992) Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, pp. 895-899; Teulon, D.A.J., Davidson, M.M., Perry, N.B., Nielsen, M.C., Van Tol, R.W.H.M., De Kogel, W.J., Recent developments with methyl isonicotinate, a semiochemical used in thrips pest management (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, p. 287; Teulon, D.A.J., Davidson, M.M., Hedderley, D.I., James, D.E., Fletcher, C.D., Larsen, L., Green, V.C., Perry, N.B., 4-Pyridyl carbonyl and related compounds as thrips lures: Effectiveness for onion thrips and New Zealand flower thrips in field experiments (2007) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, pp. 6198-6205; Wetering, F., Goldbach, R., Peters, D., Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus ingestion by first instar larvae of Frankliniella occidentalis is a prerequisite for transmission (1996) Phytopathology, 86, pp. 900-905; Whitfield, A., Ullman, D.E., German, T., Tospovirus-thrips interactions (2005) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 43, pp. 459-489 PY - 2012 SP - 120-125 ST - Virus status of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) does not affect their response to a thrips lure or host plant volatiles in a Y-tube olfactometer T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Virus status of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) does not affect their response to a thrips lure or host plant volatiles in a Y-tube olfactometer UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868229183&partnerID=40&md5=36434550ec94809a1ef46a9885dc86b3 VL - 65 ID - 283 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Successful management of weed infestations requires an understanding of their biology including seedbank longevity. The controlled ageing test used by the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew Gardens, was evaluated for several grass and broadleaf weed seeds. The method aims to estimate seed longevity from a seed survival curve, using a controlled environment to accelerate seed ageing. Eight species were tested: nodding thistle (Carduus nutans), white bryony (Bryonia cretica), bat-wing passion flower (Passiflora apetala), butterprint (Abutilon theophrasti), thorn apple (Datura stramonium), apple of Peru (Nicandra physalodes), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila). The suggested measure of longevity is the point where germination has fallen by 50% (P50). Seed survival tested here did not follow the ideal logistic model for analysis. Because of rapid decline in germination, the point where seeds no longer germinate (P0) is considered to be a better measure of seed longevity. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Dowsett, C. A. AU - James, T. K. AU - Trivedi, P. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bekker, R.M., Bakker, J.P., Ozinga, W.A., Thompson, K., Seed traits: Essential for understanding seed longevity (2003) Annals of Applied Biology, 69, pp. 1-9; Forcella, F., Debiting the seedbank: Priorities and predictions (2003) Annals of Applied Biology, 69, pp. 151-162; Burnside, O.C., Wilson, R.G., Weisberg, S., Hubbard, K.G., Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in Eastern and Western Nebraska (1996) Weed Science, 44, pp. 74-86; Dawson, J.H., Bruns, V.F., Longevity of barnyardgrass, green foxtail and yellow foxtail seeds in soil (1975) Weed Science, 23 (5), pp. 437-440; James, T.K., Cooper, J.M., Control of recently introduced weed butterprint (Abutilon theophrasti) in maize (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 64-68; James, T.K., Rahman, A., McGill, C.R., Trivedi, P., Biology and survival of broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum) seed (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 142-148; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trivedi, P., Germination of seed from five broadleaf weeds after burial for up to 28 years in two soils (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 84-89; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Wardle, D.A., Bonner, K.I., Survival of nodding thistle (Carduus nutans) seed buried at different depths in four soils (1998) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 51, pp. 33-37; Long, R.L., Panetta, F.D., Steadman, K.J., Probert, R., Bekker, R.M., Brooks, S., Adkins, S.W., Seed persistence in the field may be predicted by laboratory-controlled aging (2008) Weed Science, 56, pp. 523-528; Lueschen, W.E., Andersen, R.N., Seventeen years of cropping systems and tillage affect velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seed longevity (1993) Weed Science, 41 (1), pp. 82-86; (2010) Bat-wing Passion Flower, p. 1. , MAF Biosecurity. Fact sheet MAF Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington; Masin, R., Zuin, M.C., Otto, S., Zanin, G., Seed longevity and dormancy of four summer annual grasses weeds in turf (2005) Weed Research, 46, pp. 362-370; Newton, R., Hay, F., Probert, R., (2009) Protocol for Comparative Seed Longevity Testing, , Technical information sheet-01. Seed Conservation Department, Millennium Seed Bank Project, Kew, UK; Panetta, F.D., Timmins, S.M., Evaluating the feasibility of eradication for terrestrial weed incursions (2004) Plant Protection Quarterly, 19, pp. 5-11; Sawma, J.T., Mohler, C.L., Evaluating seed viability by an unimbibed seed crush test in comparison with the tetrazolium test (2002) Weed Technology, 16, pp. 781-786; Trivedi, P.D., James, T.K., Clearwater, M.J., Methods of scarification to overcome dormancy in Bryonia cretica subsp. dioica (Jacq.) Tutin (white bryony) seeds (2010) NZBIO Conference, , Poster presented at the, Auckland. New Zealand; Uremis, I., Uygur, F.N., Variation of viability rates of some weed seeds in different depths of the soil by times (2002) Turkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 5 (1), pp. 23-34 PY - 2012 SP - 69-73 ST - Adaption of a technique for the accelerated ageing of weed seeds to evaluate their longevity T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Adaption of a technique for the accelerated ageing of weed seeds to evaluate their longevity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868227609&partnerID=40&md5=8ecb3e25c9485b04579863f1be4b9996 VL - 65 ID - 264 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Various combinations of heat, time and relative humidity (RH) were tested for their ability to kill Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the cause of kiwifruit canker, on freshly harvested anthers artificially contaminated with this bacterium. Pollen viability and Psa survival were tested after treatment. Although short durations at high temperatures and high RH did kill Psa, these treatments were also lethal to pollen. When RH was reduced, the time before pollen viability was lost increased, but Psa survival was also enhanced. The most promising treatment was 35°C at a RH of 50% or less, at which pollen viability was not affected even after 20 h, but Psa did not survive when applied at 106 cfu/ml. Modelling suggests that extending the time of treatment would kill higher concentrations of Psa. The mechanism for Psa death at 35°C is probably by a combination of heat and desiccation. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Cohen, D. AU - Pushparajah, I. P. S. AU - Vergara, M. J. AU - Curtis, C. L. AU - Larsen, N. J. AU - Jia, Y. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Al-Dabbas, M.A., Abbas, M.A., Al-Khafaji, R.M., Dust storms loads analyses-Iraq (2012) Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 5 (1), pp. 121-131; Alhede, M., Kragh, K.N., Qvortrup, K., Allesen-Holm, M., Van Gennip, M., Christensen, L.D., Jensen, P.O., Wozniak, D., Phenotypes of non-attached Pseudomonas aeruginosa aggregates resemble surface attached biofilm (2011) PLoS One, 6 (11), pp. e27943; Ark, P.A., Further evidence of pollen dissemination of walnut blight (1944) Phytopathology, 34, p. 933. , (abstract); Ark, P.A., Pollen as a source of walnut bacterial blight infection (1944) Phytopathology, 34, pp. 330-334; Aronne, G., Effects of relative humidity and temperature stress on pollen viability of Cistus incanus and Myrtus communis (1999) Grana, 38 (6), pp. 364-367; Aronne, G., De Micco, V., Scala, M., Effects of relative humidity and temperature conditions on pollen fluorochromatic reaction of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) (2006) Protoplasma, 228 (1-3), pp. 127-130; Balestra, G.M., Mazzaglia, A., Quattrucci, A., Renzi, M., Rossetti, A., Current status of bacterial canker spread on kiwifruit in Italy (2009) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4, pp. 34-36; Barbosa, H.R., Rodrigues, M.F.A., Campos, C.C., Chaves, M.E., Nunes, I., Juliano, Y., Novo, N.F., Counting of viable cluster-forming and non cluster-forming bacteria - A comparison between the drop and the spread methods (1995) Journal of Microbiological Methods, 22 (1), pp. 39-50; Barraud, N., Hassett, D.J., Hwang, S.-H., Rice, S.A., Kjelleberg, S., Webb, J.S., Involvement of nitric oxide in biofilm dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2006) Journal of Bacteriology, 188 (21), pp. 7344-7353; Barraud, N., Schleheck, D., Klebensberger, J., Webb, J.S., Hassett, D.J., Rice, S.A., Kjelleberg, S., Nitric oxide signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms mediates phosphodiesterase activity, decreased cyclic di-GMP levels, and enhanced dispersal (2009) Journal of Bacteriology, 191 (23), pp. 7333-7342; Bogdanov, S., Contaminants of bee products (2006) Apidologie, 37 (1), pp. 1-18; Bradbury, J.F., Xanthomonas juglandis (1967) Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, p. 130. , CAB International, Wallingford UK; Braggins, T.J., Saunders, S., Mitigating the risk of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae introduction on pollen (2012) Zespri Innovation Project V11285 Report, p. 28; Bremer, P.J., Osborne, C.M., Kemp, R.A., Van Veghel, P., Fletcher, G.C., Thermal death times of Hafnia alvei cells in a model suspension and in artificially contaminated hot-smoked Kahawai (Arripis trutta) (1998) Journal of Food Protection, 61 (8), pp. 1047-1051; Burr, T.J., Ophel, K., Katz, B.H., Kerr, A., Effect of hot water treatment on systemic Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar-3 in dormant grape cuttings (1989) Plant Disease, 73 (3), pp. 242-245; Card, S.D., Pearson, M.N., Clover, G.R.G., Plant pathogens transmitted by pollen (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36 (5), pp. 455-461; Chapman, J., Taylor, R., Alexander, B., Second report on characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae (Psa) isolates in New Zealand (2011) Report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, p. 10. , Wellington, New Zealand. March; Charpentier, E., Tuomanen, E., Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (2000) Microbes and Infection, 2 (15), pp. 1855-1864; Ercolani, G.L., Individuazione di Xanthomonas juglandis (Pierce) Dowson in Emilia (1962) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2, pp. 1-10; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.R., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.F., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6 (1), pp. 67-71; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Molecular and phenotypic features of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated during recent epidemics of bacterial canker on yellow kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in central Italy (2010) Plant Pathology, 59 (5), pp. 954-962; Gallelli, A., Talocci, S., L'Aurora, A., Loreti, S., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, from symptomless fruits and twigs, and from pollen (2011) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 50 (3), pp. 462-472; Gochnauer, T.A., Corner, J., Detection and identification of Bacillus larvae in a commercial sample of bee-collected pollen (1974) Journal of Apicultural Research, 13 (4), pp. 265-267; Greer, G., Saunders, C., The costs of Psa-V to the New Zealand kiwifruit industry and the wider community (2012) Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit Report, p. 62. , Lincoln University; Hopping, M.E., 80,000 honeybee hives not needed; Spray pollination of kiwifruit possible by 1990 (1982) New Zealand Agricultural Science, 16 (1), pp. 46-48; Johnson, K.B., Stockwell, V.O., Management of fire blight: A case study in microbial ecology (1998) Annual Reviews in Phytopathology, 36, pp. 227-248; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Lanotte, P., Watt, S., Mereghetti, L., Dartiguelongue, N., Rastegar-Lari, A., Goudeau, A., Quentin, R., Genetic features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients compared with those of isolates from other origins (2004) Journal of Medical Microbiology, 53, pp. 73-81; Liu, T.P., McRory, D., The use of gammaradiation from Co-60 in a commercial facility in Ontario to disinfect honeybee equipment. 1 American foulbrood disease (1994) American Bee Journal, 134 (3), pp. 203-206; (2010) New Zealand Pollen Tests Positive for Psa, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/media/20-11-10/new-Zealand-pollen- testspositive-for-Psa, MAF (retrieved 25/3/2012); (2011) Detection of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae from Leaves and Pollen Collected from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Actinidia Chinensis in Te Puke, Bay of Plenty, p. 49. , MAF. Report to Zespri; McDougald, D., Rice, S.A., Barraud, N., Steinberg, P.D., Kjelleberg, S., Should we stay or should we go: Mechanisms and ecological consequences for biofilm dispersal (2012) Nature Reviews Microbiology, 10 (1), pp. 39-50; Melathopoulos, A.P., Nelson, D., Clark, K., High velocity electron-beam radiation of pollen and comb for the control of Paenibacillus larvae subspecies larvae and Ascosphaera apis (2004) American Bee Journal, 144 (9), pp. 714-720; Miller, P.W., Bollen, W.B., Walnut bacteriosis and its control (1946) Technical Bulletin, 9, p. 107. , USDA and Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State College; Morse, R.A., (1978) Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases, p. 329. , Morse RA ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA; Musial, K., Przywara, L., Influence of irradiated pollen on embryo and endosperm development in kiwifruit (1998) Annals of Botany, 82 (6), pp. 747-756; Musial, K., Przywara, L., Endosperm response to pollen irradiation in kiwifruit (1999) Sexual Plant Reproduction, 12 (2), pp. 110-117; Nepi, M., Cresti, L., Guarnieri, M., Pacini, E., Effect of relative humidity on water content, viability and carbohydrate profile of Petunia hybrida and Cucurbita pepo pollen (2010) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 284 (1-2), pp. 57-64; Pattemore, D., Hoyte, S., McBrydie, H., Goodwin, R., Moffat, B., Yu, J., Parry, F., Ah Chee, A., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and P. s. pv. syringae on bees and in beehives (2011) Plant & Food Research Report SPTS No. 6109; Phatak, H.C., The role of seed and pollen in the spread of plant pathogens particularly viruses (1980) Tropical Pest Management, 26 (3), pp. 278-285; Prado, A., Porterfield, D., Feijo, J., Nitric oxide is involved in growth regulation and reorientation of pollen tubes (2004) Development, 131 (11), pp. 2707-2714; Pushparajah, I.P.S., Everett, K.R., Time and temperature combinations that are lethal to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, p. 291. , (abstract only); Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Stefani, E., Giovanardi, D., Dissemination of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae through pollen and its epiphytic life on leaves and fruits (2011) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 50 (3), pp. 489-496; Tuomanen, E., Tomasz, A., Mechanism of phenotypic tolerance of nongrowing pneumococci to beta-lactam antibiotics (1990) Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Supplementum, 74, pp. 102-112; Tuomanen, E., Cozens, R., Tosch, W., Zak, O., Tomasz, A., The rate of killing of Escherichia coli by beta-lactam antibiotics is strictly proportional to the rate of bacterial growth (1986) Journal of General Microbiology, 132, pp. 1297-1304; Vanneste, J.L., Giovanardi, D., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Kay, C., Spinelli, F., Stefani, E., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit pollen samples (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 246-251 PY - 2012 SP - 8-18 ST - Heat treatments to kill Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on contaminated pollen T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Heat treatments to kill Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on contaminated pollen UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868220091&partnerID=40&md5=377532acf667a9c865097aae54e1ca0e VL - 65 ID - 274 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A kiwifruit orchard that had tested positive for virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa-V) ca 2 km from the incursion detected in November 2010 was sampled on 13 December 2011, when the weather was overcast with some showers. Surfaces on people (hands, soles of footwear, clothing), vehicles (tyres, seats, floors, steering wheels, accelerators, brakes and gear levers), cleaned tools (shovels, tip squeezers, various handles, drill bit) and rabbit feet were rubbed with sterile cotton wool medical swabs. After incubation in bacterial growth medium, DNA was extracted and samples tested in real-time PCR with primers that detect Psa. Vehicle tyres, the upright front of a trailer towed behind a vehicle, and rabbit feet were the surfaces most frequently contaminated with Psa. The surfaces contaminated with Psa were also those that were contaminated with soil, demonstrating the importance of removing soil from implements, vehicles and clothing on infected kiwifruit orchards before using liquid sanitisers. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Pushparajah, I. P. S. AU - Vergara, M. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Chapman, J., Taylor, R., Alexander, B., Second report on characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae (Psa) isolates in New Zealand (2011) Report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, p. 10. , Wellington, New Zealand. March; Everett, K.R., (2011) Preliminary Literature Summary: Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actindiae and Other Pathovars of Pseudomonas Syringae, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/211, Report to Zespri International Limited. SPTS No. 5237 (accessed 15 May 2012); Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.R., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.F., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Goode, M.J., Sasser, M., Prevention - The key to controlling bacterial spot and bacterial speck of tomato (1980) Plant Disease, 64, pp. 831-834; Gottwald, T.R., Irey, M., Post-hurricane analysis of citrus canker II: Predictive estimation of disease spread and area potentially impacted by various eradication protocols following catastrophic weather events (2007) Plant Health Progress, pp. 1-15; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Kritzman, G., Zutra, D., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in soil, plant debris, and the rhizosphere of non-host plants (1983) Phytoparasitica, 11, pp. 99-108; Lindow, S.E., Knudsen, G.R., Seidler, R.J., Walter, M.V., Lambou, V.W., Amy, P.S., Schmedding, D., Hern, S., Aerial dispersal and epiphytic survival of Pseudomonas syringae during a pretest for the release of genetically engineered strains into the environment (1988) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54, pp. 1557-1563; Park, D., Than, D., Everett, K.R., Rees-George, J., Romberg, M.K., Alexander, B.J.R., Screening of historical isolates stored in New Zealand culture collections for Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, p. 292. , (abstract only); Park, E.W., Lim, S.M., Overwintering of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea in the field (1985) Phytopathology, 75, pp. 520-524; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. 4. Optimum temperature for disease development on new canes (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 694-701; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. 3. The seasonal changes of bacterial population in lesions and of its exudation from lesion (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 469-476; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. I. Infection and bacterial movement in tissue of new canes (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 452-459; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. 2. The most suitable times and environments for infection on new canes (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 460-468; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Suzuki, H., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. 5. Effect of infection in fall to early (1994) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 60, pp. 237-244. , winter on the disease development in branches and trunk after winter; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Takikawa, Y., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Occurrence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Japan: Description of symptoms, isolation of the pathogen and screening of bactericides (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 427-436; Takikawa, Y., Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae pv. nov.: The causal bacterium of canker of kiwifruit in Japan (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 437-444 PY - 2012 SP - 19-24 ST - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on surfaces in the orchard T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on surfaces in the orchard UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868259410&partnerID=40&md5=4a86d325fe2c1247561a3d26512a1a41 VL - 65 ID - 271 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Yersinia entomophaga MH96 (Ye MH96) has shown activity against the pasture pest porina (Wiseana spp. larvae) in laboratory bioassays. In this field trial Ye MH96 was applied to pasture as three separate formulations. The presence of viable Ye MH96 was detected in soil for 112 days following application but the number of bacteria decreased rapidly following heavy rainfall 4 days after treatment. Porina numbers were reduced by all formulations of Ye MH96 at 5 and 17 weeks (34-40% and 61-72%) and by fenitrothion, an insecticide used to control porina (93% and 96% respectively). Other non-target Lepidoptera were also reduced by Ye MH96. No effects of Ye MH96 were observed on the earthworms, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus, the pasture pest Listronotus bonariensis or pasture inhabiting Staphylinidae. The survival of Ye MH96 for long enough to affect the target insect, despite the heavy rain, suggests that a microbial alternative to conventional insecticide management of porina may be possible. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Ferguson, C. M. AU - Barton, D. M. AU - Harper, L. A. AU - Swaminathan, J. AU - Van Koten, C. AU - Hurst, M. R. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barratt, B.I.P., Van Toor, R.F., Ferguson, C.M., Stewart, K.M., (1990) Grass Grub and Porina in Otago and Southland. A Guide to Management and Control, p. 104. , MAF, Mosgiel, New Zealand; Brownbridge, M., Ferguson, C., Saville, D.J., Swaminayhan, J., Hurst, M.R.H., Jackson, T.A., Potential for biological control of porina (Wiseana spp.) with a novel insecticidal bacterium, Yersinia n. sp. (MH96) EN65 strain (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 229-235; Crawford, A.M., Kalmakoff, J., A host-virus interaction in a pasture habitat: Wiseana spp. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and its baculoviruses (1977) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 29, pp. 81-87; Crook, K.E., Ferguson, C.M., Barratt, B.I.P., Heat extraction of invertebrates from grassland turf samples (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Grasslands Invertebrate Ecology Conference, pp. 102-106. , Winder LM, Goldson SL ed; Dugdale, J.S., (1994) Fauna of New Zealand No. 30, p. 164. , Hepialidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand; Ferguson, C.M., Crook, K.E., The development of two Wiseana species and the implications for their management as pastoral pests (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Grasslands Invertebrate Ecology Conference, pp. 87-93. , Winder LM, Goldson SL ed; Ferguson, C.M., Logan, R.A.S., Barratt, B.I.P., Wiseana species flight patterns in Otago and Southland (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, p. 275; Glare, T., Caradus, J., Gelernter, W., Jackson, T., Keyhani, N., Köhl, J., Marrone, P., Stewart, A., Have biopesticides come of age? (2012) Trends in Biotechnology, 30 (5), pp. 250-258; Grue, C.E., Gibert, P.L., Seeley, M.E., Neurophysical and behavioural changes in non-target wildlife exposed to organophosphate and carbamates pesticides: Thermoregulation, food consumption, and reproduction (1997) American Zoologist, 37, pp. 369-388; Herigstad, B., Hamilton, M., Heersink, J., How to optimize the drop plate method for enumerating bacteria (2001) Journal of Microbiological Methods, 44, pp. 121-129; Hurst, M.R.H., Becher, S.A., Young, S.D., Nelson, T.L., Glare, T.R., Yersinia entomophaga sp. nov. isolated from the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica (2011) International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 61, pp. 844-849; Jäkel, A., Roth, M., Short-term effects of selected insecticides on non-target soil invertebrates of a forest ecosystem (1998) Soil Zoological Problems in Central Europe. Proceedings of the 4 th Central European Workshop on Soil Biology, pp. 65-70. , Pižl V, Tajovský K ed. České Budějovice, Czech Republic. 23-24 April 1997; Odenkirchen, E.W., Eisler, R., Chlorpyrifos hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: A synoptic review (1988) Fish and Wildlife Service, p. 37. , U.S. Department of the Interior. Biological Report 85 (1.13) Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report No. 13 PY - 2012 SP - 166-173 ST - Survival of Yersinia entomophaga MH96 in a pasture ecosystem and effects on pest and non-target invertebrate populations T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Survival of Yersinia entomophaga MH96 in a pasture ecosystem and effects on pest and non-target invertebrate populations UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868254303&partnerID=40&md5=7177a40676d87cac44bec4df3023cf06 VL - 65 ID - 275 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A survey of 35 potato crops for potato viruses X, Y, S, M, A and leafroll was completed in three regions of New Zealand. PVS was the most widespread virus, with incidences of up to 100% in most crops. PVM and PVA were present in around one-third of crops, with PVM incidence at 100% in 11 crops. The incidence of PVA was always below 3.5%. PVYN was present in 17% of crops. Within crops, PVY incidence reached 100% in two crops but in the remaining five crops was 50% or lower. Potato leafroll virus was detected in only five crops at 2% or less, and similarly PVX in three crops at 1% incidence. Over 20 years PVS has increased in incidence whereas PVX, PVY, PVYN and PLRV have decreased. Of some concern is the apparent increase in the incidence of PVM. Likely reasons for these changes in virus incidence are discussed along with future virus management recommendations. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Fletcher, J. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2000) Potato Virus S - Andean Strain, , www.eppo.org/.../Pest...virus/.../00-7892%20DS%20PVS000.pdf, accessed 10 April 2012; Beemster, A.B.R., De Bokx, J.A., Survey of properties and symptoms (1987) Viruses of Potatoes and Seed-potato Production, pp. 84-113. , Chapter 6. de Bokx JA, van der Want JPH ed. 2nd edition. Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Fletcher, J.D., Potato virus - Yn host range and incidence in seed potato crops in New Zealand (1989) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 17, pp. 259-263; Fletcher, J.D., Lewthwaite, S.L., Boddington, H.J., Nott, H.M., Wood, R.J., Virus disease surveys of ware potato crops, Franklin County, North Island, New Zealand (1996) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 24, pp. 7-12; Fletcher, J.D., Potato virus SA - Characteristics of an isolate from New Zealand (1996) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 24, pp. 335-339; Fletcher, J.D., Lister, R.A., PVY NTN in New Zealand potato crops (2004) Potato Research, 46, p. 190. , (Abstract); Franc, G.D., Banttari, E.E., The transmission of potato virus S by the cutting knife and retention time of infectious PVS on common surfaces (1984) American Potato Journal, 61, pp. 253-260; Fomitcheva, V.W., Fletcher, J.D., Schubert, J., Potato virus y strain spectrum in New Zealand - Absence of recombinant N:O (2009) Journal of Phytopathology, 157, pp. 507-510; Gibbs, A.J., Gower, J.C., The use of a multiple transfer method in plant virus transmission studies - Some statistical points arising in the analysis of results (1960) Annals of Applied Biology, 48, pp. 75-83; Gray, S., De Boer, S., Lorenzen, J., Karasev, A., Whitworth, J., Nolte, P., Singh, R., Xu, H., Potato virus Y: An evolving concern for potato crops in the United States and Canada (2010) Plant Disease, 94, pp. 1384-1397; (2011) Potatoes New Zealand Industry Profile, , http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/Overview/Our-Industry/Industry-profile.htm, December (accessed 10 April 2012); Valkonen, J.P.T., Viruses: Economic losses and biotechnological potential (2007) Potato Biology and Biotechnology: Advances and Perspectives, pp. 619-642. , Chapter 28. In: Vreugdenhil D ed PY - 2012 SP - 197-203 ST - A virus survey of New Zealand fresh, process and seed potato crops during 2010-11 T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A virus survey of New Zealand fresh, process and seed potato crops during 2010-11 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868251837&partnerID=40&md5=640c2c6c179ba5c296cdb96654214e37 VL - 65 ID - 284 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The retention and distribution of spray droplets within the plant canopy have a crucial effect on the biological efficacy of pesticides. To maximise spray retention, droplets that impact a leaf must remain on the plant. Three outcomes are possible when a droplet impacts a leaf surface: adhesion, bounce or shatter. Those droplets that bounce or shatter can continue their journey through the canopy, depositing at lower levels in the canopy or on the ground. Mathematical models based on the physical processes involved in the bounce/adhesion and shatter of droplets have been developed, improved and described. These process-based retention models have recently been implemented within an experimental build of the spray application simulation software AGDISP. This has allowed differences in total spray retention to plants, due to the spray formulation used or vegetative species studied, to be predicted. This paper discusses these new tools, illustrates the effect different spray formulations and application parameters have on predicted retention, and compares model predictions with measured retention. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Forster, W. A. AU - Mercer, G. N. AU - Schou, W. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2010) USDA Forest Service Spray Modeling Software, Version 8.24, 2010, , AGDISP 8.24. Harold W. Thistle, USDA Forest Service, 180 Cranford Street, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA; Attané, P., Girard, F., Morin, V., An energy balance approach of the dynamics of drop impact on a solid surface (2007) Physics of Fluids, 19, pp. 1-17; Bilanin, A.J., Teske, M.E., Barry, J.W., Ekblad, R.B., AGDISP: The aircraft spray dispersion model, code development and experimental validation (1989) Transactions of the ASAE, 32 (1), pp. 327-334; Bird, S.L., Perry, S.G., Ray, S.L., Teske, M.E., Evaluation of the AGDISP aerial spray algorithms in the AgDRIFT model (2002) Enviromental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21 (3), pp. 672-682; Forster, W.A., Mercer, G.N., Schou, W.C., Process-driven models for spray droplet shatter adhesion or bounce (2010) Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, pp. 277-285; Forster, W.A., Kimberley, M.O., Steele, K.D., Haslett, M.R., Zabkiewicz, J.A., Spray retention models for arable crops (2006) Journal of ASTM International, 3 (6). , www.astm.org, Paper ID JAI13528. (accessed 15 April 2012); Forster, W.A., Zabkiewicz, J.A., Kimberley, M.O., A universal spray droplet adhesion model (2005) Transactions of the ASAE, 48 (4), pp. 1321-1330; Mercer, G.N., Sweatman, W.L., Forster, W.A., A model for spray droplet adhesion, bounce or shatter at a crop leaf surface (2010) Progress in Industrial Mathematics at EMCI 2008. Mathematics in Industry, 15, pp. 937-943. , Fitt AD, Norbury J, Ockendon H, Wilson E ed., DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642- 12110-4-151. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg; Schou, W.C., Forster, W.A., Mercer, G.N., Teske, M.E., Thistle, H.W., Building canopy retention into AGDISP: Preliminary models and results (2011) ASABE Meeting, , Louisville, Kentucky. Paper No. 1110717; Yoon, S.S., Desjardin, P.E., Presser, C., Hewson, J.C., Avedisian, C.T., Numerical modelling and experimental measurements of water spray impact and transport over a cylinder (2006) International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 32, pp. 132-157; Zabkiewicz, J.A., Spray formulation efficacy - Holistic and futuristic perspectives (2007) Crop Protection, 26, pp. 312-319 PY - 2012 SP - 85-92 ST - Spray droplet impaction models and their use within AGDISP software to predict retention T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Spray droplet impaction models and their use within AGDISP software to predict retention UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868239150&partnerID=40&md5=254910d928e31c026b8cc3ca67a00b3e VL - 65 ID - 257 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Froud, K. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2012 SP - xi-xii ST - Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868258361&partnerID=40&md5=a12aa81d93c5a26e984be8c2c138fbbc VL - 65 ID - 280 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A novel option for control of passionvine hopper (PVH, Scolypopa australis) and chorus cicada (Amphipsalta zelandica) on kiwifruit was investigated. This involved applying an insecticide to PVH and cicada egg sites in the dormant kiwifruit canopy, using a new type of adjuvant that allows sprays to penetrate into egg nests laid in canes and old fruit stalks. Five treatments of bifenthrin at 100 g/ha (1 litre/ha Talstar® 100EC) and preferred combinations of nozzle type, spray application volume and Engulf™ adjuvant rate were applied to dormant canes of Hayward kiwifruit in early August 2011. Water soluble blue dye added to all spray treatments penetrated into nests and stained PVH and cicada eggs when assessed shortly after application. All treatments significantly reduced hatch of PVH relative to the untreated control, by 85-99.5%. One treatment significantly reduced cicada hatch by approximately 80% relative to the control. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Logan, D. P. AU - May, W. AU - Rowe, C. A. AU - Steele, K. D. AU - Van Leeuwen, R. M. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cumber, R.A., Factors influencing egg survival of Scolypopa australis Walker (Hemiptera-Homoptera: Ricaniidae) in the Sydney area (N.S.W. Australia) (1967) New Zealand Journal of Science, 10, pp. 639-643; Fletcher, M.J., (1978) The Taxonomy, Reproduction and Development of the Fulgoroid Homopterans Scolypopa Australis (Walker) (Ricaniidae) and Kallitambinia Australis (Muir) (Tropiduchidae), p. 208. , PhD thesis, University of Sydney, Australia; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W., May, W., Max, S., Development of best practice to minimise off-target drift from hydrogen cyanamide sprays in kiwifruit orchards (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 153-158; Logan, D.P., Maher, B.J., Options for reducing the number of chorus cicada, Amphipsalta zelandica (Boisduval), in kiwifruit orchards (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 268-273; Logan, D.P., Maher, B.J., Spratt, J., (2011) Ovicides for Control of Passionvine Hopper and Chorus Cicada, p. 9. , Report to Zespri Group Limited, Project MA1126, Plant & Food Research, Te Puke, New Zealand; Logan, D.P., Maher, B.J., Stirling, J., (2011) Strategies for Cicada Control, p. 28. , Report to Zespri Group Limited, Project MA1116, Plant & Food Research, Te Puke, New Zealand; (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Development Core Team. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0; Steven, D., Entomology and kiwifruit (1990) Kiwifruit: Science and Management, pp. 362-412. , Warrington IJ, Weston GC ed. Ray Richards Publisher, Auckland, New Zealand; Venables, W.N., Ripley, B.D., (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S, , Fourth Edition. Springer, New York; Zeileis, A., Kleiber, C., Jackman, S., Regression models for count data in R (2008) Journal of Statistical Software, 27 (8). , http://www.jstatsoft.org/v27/i08/ PY - 2012 SP - 100-105 ST - Control of passionvine hopper and cicada eggs on kiwifruit canes with bifenthrin and a new superpenetrant adjuvant T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of passionvine hopper and cicada eggs on kiwifruit canes with bifenthrin and a new superpenetrant adjuvant UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868245636&partnerID=40&md5=c2eb716bc687685617e4760de7447eb3 VL - 65 ID - 247 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A field trial was conducted in Palmerston North to assess weed control options for establishing mixed swards of chicory (Cichorium intybus), narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens), a pasture mixture currently popular for finishing lambs. Haloxyfop safely controlled grass weeds, and mowing twice during the first few months of establishment helped control some broad-leaved weeds. Flumetsulam was the safest herbicide for controlling broad-leaved weeds, although it caused severe suppression of plantain initially. All other treatments caused unacceptable levels of damage to at least one of the sown species. If chicory was not included in the mix, then bentazone, paraquat/diquat and diuron could be used. Options for an integrated weed control programme for the mixture of four species are discussed. For young clover-based pastures, hemlock (Conium maculatum) will be controlled better by flumetsulam or bentazone than 2,4-DB. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gawn, T. L. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Matthew, C. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barry, T.N., The feeding value of chicory (Cichorium intybus) for ruminant livestock (1998) Journal of Agricultural Science, 131, pp. 251-257. , Cambridge; Golding, K.P., Wilson, E.D., Kemp, P.D., Pain, S.J., Kenyon, P.R., Morris, S.T., Hutton, P.G., Mixed herb and legume pasture improves the growth of lambs post-weaning (2011) Animal Production Science, 51, pp. 717-723; Hare, M.D., Rolston, M.P., Foote, A.G., Archie, W.J., Hagerty, G., Herbicide tolerance of Grasslands Puna chicory (1993) Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 282-287; Hutton, P.G., Kenyon, P.R., Bedi, M.K., Kemp, P.D., Stafford, K.J., West, D.M., Morris, S.T., A herb and legume sward mix increased ewe milk production and ewe and lamb live weight gain to weaning compared to a ryegrass dominant sward (2011) Animal Feed Science and Technology, 164, pp. 1-7; Kenyon, P.R., Kemp, P.D., Stafford, K.J., West, D.M., Morris, S.T., Can a herb and white clover mix improve the performance of multiplebearing ewes and their lambs to weaning? (2010) Animal Production Science, 50, pp. 513-521; Lockley, P., Wu, H., Herbicide tolerance in pasture legumes and herbs (2008) Proceedings of the 16th Australian Weeds Conference, pp. 319-322; Popay, I., Field, R., Grazing animals as weed control agents (1996) Weed Technology, 10, pp. 217-231; Rowarth, J.S., Plantain (1998) Practical Herbage Seedcrop Management, pp. 189-193. , Rowarth JS ed. Lincoln University Press, Lincoln, New Zealand; Stewart, A.V., Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) - A potential pasture species (1996) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 58, pp. 77-86; Swanton, C.J., Weise, S.F., Integrated weed management: The rationale and approach (1991) Weed Technology, 5, pp. 657-663; Young, S., (2012) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 723. , AgriMedia Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2012 SP - 59-63 ST - Weed control in establishing mixed swards of clover, plantain and chicory T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Weed control in establishing mixed swards of clover, plantain and chicory UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868231199&partnerID=40&md5=8416036c86e1680fbd7d879e7d5b88f0 VL - 65 ID - 252 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A study was carried out to investigate the impact of dung pats on seeding by yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila). Fresh cow dung was placed on dairy pasture as uniform pats in summer at two sites in Waikato, New Zealand, and changes in pasture attributes and earthworm abundance monitored over three grazing rotations. A zone of repugnance, where dairy cows avoided grazing, formed out to 40 cm from the centre of the pat. It was still evident at 60 days. The site with highest yellow bristle grass incidence had taller and bigger yellow bristle grass seed heads in the zone, resulting in over twice as much seed as control pasture. Earthworm abundance was markedly higher under dung than control pasture, the main species being Aporrectodea caliginosa. On-farm management strategies that may accelerate the return of the zone of repugnance to full utilization by stock and minimise weed exploitation are discussed. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Cook, A. F. B. AU - Wilson, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aarons, S.R., O'Connor, C.R., Gourley, C.J.P., Dung decomposition in temperate dairy pastures. I. Changes in soil chemical properties (2004) Australian Journal of Soil Research, 42, pp. 107-114; Burggraaf, V.T., Thom, E.R., Minimising endophyte contamination from ryegrass seed in cow dung (2002) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 64, pp. 97-101; Burggraaf, V.T., Boom, C.J., Sheath, G.W., Brooky, A.R., The effect of rotational grazing by either calves, cows, lambs or ewes on the removal of herbage contaminated with gastro-intestinal parasite larvae around cattle faecal pats (2009) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 52, pp. 289-297; Dymock, J.J., A case for the introduction of additional dung-burying beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) into New Zealand (1993) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 36, pp. 163-171; Eekeren, N.V., Liere, D.V., Vries, F.D., Rutgers, M., Goede, R.D., Brussaard, L., A mixture of grass and clover combines the positive effects of both plant species on selected soil biota (2009) Applied Soil Ecology, 42, pp. 254-263; Harrington, K.C., Beskow, W.B., Hodgson, J., Recovery and viability of seeds ingested by goats (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 75-80; Hypolite, G., Morhain, B., Vignon, B., Effect of dung and urine patches of a dairy herd on the production, composition and intake of grass (1984) Bulletin Technique, Centre de Recherches Zootechniques et Veterinaires de Theix, 58, pp. 11-17; MacLusky, D.S., Some estimates of the areas of pasture fouled by the excreta of dairy cows (1960) Journal of the British Grassland Society, 15, pp. 181-188; Moir, J.L., Cameron, K.C., Di, H.J., Fertsak, U., The spatial coverage of dairy cattle urine patches in an intensively grazed pasture system (2011) Journal of Agricultural Science, 149, pp. 473-485; Prestidge, R.A., Marshall, S.L., Thom, E.R., Seasonal earthworm densities on endophyteinfected and endophyte-free perennial ryegrass (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 73-77; (2012) Summer 2011-2012 Climate Summary, , http://www.niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/ climate_summary_summer_2011_2012_final.pdf, (accessed 4 April 2012); Schon, N.L., MacKay, A.D., Gray, R.A., Minor, M.A., Earthworms in New Zealand sheepand dairy-grazed pastures with focus on anecic Aporrectodea longa (2011) Pedobiologia, 54, pp. 131-137; Tozer, K.N., James, T.K., Cameron, C.A., Botanical and management factors associated with Setaria pumila abundance: Implications for pasture management (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 121-126; Trotter, C.G., Nicol, A.M., Ridgway, M.J., Sheep and deer grazing of pasture close to cattle dung pats (2006) Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 66, pp. 59-63; Weeda, W.C., The effect of cattle dung patches on pasture growth, botanical composition, and pasture utilisation (1967) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 10, pp. 150-159; Weeda, W.C., Effect of cattle dung patches on soil tests and botanical and chemical composition of herbage (1977) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, pp. 471-478; Williams, P.H., Haynes, R.J., Effect of sheep, deer and cattle dung on herbage production and soil nutrient content (1995) Grass and Forage Science, 50, pp. 263-271 PY - 2012 SP - 174-179 ST - Influence of summer dung deposition on estimated yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) seed production T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of summer dung deposition on estimated yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) seed production UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868257083&partnerID=40&md5=23a70c8a4cda0aa9f8a6afac909c5671 VL - 65 ID - 267 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The period from 2006 to 2010 in the North Island encompasses the widespread establishment of Irish Microctonus aethiopoides for the biocontrol of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) and a severe drought in 2008 that greatly reduced host availability. This parasitoid occupies the same pasture habitat as Microctonus hyperodae, a parasitoid with a similar life cycle introduced to control Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis). A retrospective study was carried out on L. bonariensis data and stored samples collected during S. lepidus studies. It was found that at all four initial M. aethiopoides release sites, L. bonariensis populations were lowest in 2007 and 2008 while S. lepidus populations were lowest in 2008 and 2009. Microctonus hyperodae parasitism levels were lowest in 2009, with overall regional means ranging from 5% in Manawatu to 11% in Waikato, whereas corresponding Irish M. aethiopoides parasitism levels were 43% and 72% respectively. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Vasse, M. AU - Wilson, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Sampling Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) populations in pasture: The soil dwelling stages (1989) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 32, pp. 95-103; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Early impact of endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) after its establishment in Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations of northern New Zealand pastures (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 273-287; Bell, N.L., Townsend, R.J., Popay, A.J., Mercer, C.F., Jackson, T.A., Black beetle: Lessons from the past and options for the future (2011) New Zealand Grassland Association Pasture Persistence Symposium. Grassland Research and Practice Series, 15, pp. 119-124; Gerard, P.J., Wilson, D.J., Eden, T.M., Clover root weevil biocontrol distribution in the North Island - Release tactics and outcomes (2010) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 72, pp. 85-89; Gerard, P.J., Wilson, D.J., Eden, T.M., Field release, establishment and initial dispersal of Irish Microctonus aethiopoides in Sitona lepidus populations in northern New Zealand pastures (2011) BioControl, 56, pp. 861-870; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Baird, D.B., The bionomics of Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canterbury, New Zealand (1998) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88, pp. 415-423; Goldson, S.L., McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Barratt, B.I.P., Ferguson, C.M., Systematic mass rearing and release of Microtonus hyperodae (Hym.: Braconidae, Euphorinae), a parasitoid of the Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Col.: Curculionidae) and records of its establishment in New Zealand (1993) Entomophaga, 38, pp. 527-536; McNeill, M.R., Kean, J.M., Goldson, S.L., Parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides on a novel host, Listronotus bonariensis, in Canterbury pastures (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 280-286; McNeill, M.R., Van Koten, C., Weevils in pasture: A comparison of sampling techniques (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, p. 284. , (abstract only); (2008) Annual Climate Summary 2008, , http://www.niwa.co.nz/_data/assets/pdf_file/0008/81890/aclimsum_08.pdf, (accessed 16 April 2012); Phillips, C.B., Proffitt, J.R., Goldson, S.L., Potential to enhance the efficacy of Microctonus hyperodae Loan (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 16-22; Popay, A.J., McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Ferguson, C.M., The current status of Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) as a pest in the North Island of New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 55-62 PY - 2012 SP - 180-185 ST - Abundance and parasitism of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) and Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) in pastures T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Abundance and parasitism of clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) and Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) in pastures UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868232185&partnerID=40&md5=08ce237d04ac0630d75a7fd725f099c9 VL - 65 ID - 269 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Eretmocerus warrae Naumann & Schmidt is a thelytokous parasitoid of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). In conditions of 22±1°C, 60±5% RH and 16:8 h light:dark, the host feeding and oviposition strategy of E. warrae under seven host densities (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 whitefly nymphs) was investigated. With an increase in host density the number of nymphs parasitised and fed upon by E. warrae significantly increased, but the percentage of nymphs parasitised, superparasitised and fed on significantly decreased (P<0.0001). The parasitoid longevity significantly increased with an increase in host density up to 100 nymphs (P<0.0001). These results suggest that E. warrae can adjust its feeding and oviposition strategy according to the host availability, and can potentially contribute to biological control of greenhouse whitefly. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Hanan, A. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Byrne, D.N., Bellows Jr., T.S., Parrella, M.P., Whiteflies in agricultural systems (1990) Whiteflies: Their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management, pp. 227-261. , Gerling D ed. Intercept Ltd, Andover, Hants, UK; De Barro, P.J., Driver, F., Nauman, I.D., Schmidt, S., Clarke, G.M., Curran, J., Description of three species of Eretmocerus Haldman (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australia based on morphological and molecular data (2000) Australian Journal of Entomology, 39, pp. 259-269; Gerling, D., Orion, T., Delarea, Y., Eretmocerus penetration and immature development: A novel approach to overcome host immunity (1990) Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 13, pp. 247-253; Giron, D., Pincebourde, S., Casas, J., Lifetime gains of host-feeding in a synovigenic parasitic wasp (2004) Physiological Entomology, 29, pp. 436-442; Hanan, A., He, X.Z., Shakeel, M., Wang, Q., Diurnal rhythms of emergence, host feeding and oviposition of Eretmocerus warrae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 156-160; Hanan, A., He, X.Z., Shakeel, M., Wang, Q., Effect of food supply on reproductive potential of Eretmocerus warrae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 113-117; Hansen, L.S., Jensen, K.M.V., Effect of temperature on parasitism and host-feeding of Trichogramma turkestanica (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (2002) Journal of Economic Entomology, 95, pp. 50-56; Hassell, M.P., Waage, J.K., Host-parasitoid population interactions (1984) Annual Review of Entomology, 29, pp. 89-114; He, X.Z., Teulon, D.A.J., Wang, Q., Oviposition strategy of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in response to host density (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 195-201; Heimpel, G.E., Collier, T.R., The evolution of host-feeding behaviour in insect parasitoids (1996) Biological Reviews, 71, pp. 373-400; Holling, C.S., Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism (1959) Canadian Entomologist, 91, pp. 385-398; Jervis, M.A., Kidd, N.A.C., Host-feeding strategies in hymenopteran parasitoids (1986) Biological Review, 61, pp. 395-434; Kidd, N.A.C., Jervis, M.A., The effects of host feeding behaviour on the dynamics of parasitoid-host interactions, and the implications for biological control (1989) Researches in Population Ecology, 31, pp. 235-274; Knipling, F.E., Principles of insect parasitism analyzed from new perspectives: Practical implications for regulating insect populations by biological means (1992) Agriculture Handbook, 693, p. 335. , United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA; Lauzière, I., Pérez-Lachaud, G., Brodeur, J., Influence of host density on the reproductive strategy of Cephalonomia stephanoderis, a parasitoid of the coffee berry borer (1999) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 92, pp. 21-28; Murdoch, W.W., Briggs, C.J., Theory for biological control: Recent developments (1996) Ecology, 77, pp. 2001-2003; Rosenheim, J.A., Rosen, D., Influence of egg load and host size on host feeding behaviour by the parasitoid Aphytis lingnanensis (1992) Ecological Entomology, 17, pp. 263-272; Sahragard, A., Jervis, M.A., Kidd, N.A.C., Influence of host availability on rates of ovipsition and host-feeding, and on longevity in Dicondylus indianus Olmi (Hym., Dryinidae), a parasitoid of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stsl (Hem., Delphacidae) (1991) Journal of Applied Entomology, 112, pp. 153-162; Shishehbor, P., Zandi-Sohani, N., Investigation on functional and numerical responses of Encarsia acaudaleyrodis parasitizing Bemisia tabaci on cucumber (2011) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 21, pp. 271-280; Van Lenteren, J.C., Van Roermund, H.J.W., Sütterlin, S., Biological control of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa: How does it work? (1996) Biological Control, 6, pp. 1-10; Vet, L.E.M., Van Lenteren, J.C., Woets, J., The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. IX. A review of the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly with suggestions for future research (1980) Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 90, pp. 26-51; Videllet, P., Albajes, R., Gabarra, R., (1997) Hostfeeding Activity of Encarsia Pergandiella Howard on Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius), 20, pp. 147-152. , International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (SROP); Waage, J.K., Hassell, M.P., Parasitoids as biological control agents: A fundamental approach (1982) Parasitology, 84, pp. 241-268; Wang, X., Keller, M.A., Patch time allocation by the parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). II. Effects of host density and distribution (2005) Journal of Insect Behavior, 18, pp. 171-186; Workman, P.J., Scott, I., Drayton, G., Eretmocerus warrae: A new whitefly parasitoid found in New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 386. , (Abstract only); Zandi-Sohani, N., Shishehbor, P., Kocheili, F., Functional and numerical responses of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genndius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (2008) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11, pp. 1015-1020; Zolnerowich, G., Rose, M., The genus Eretmocerus (2008) Classical Biological Control of Bemisia Tabaci in the United States - A Review of Interagency Research and Implementation, pp. 89-109. , Gould J, Hoelmer K, Goolsby J ed. Springer, The Netherlands PY - 2012 SP - 133-137 ST - Host feeding and oviposition strategy of Eretmocerus warrae (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) under different host densities T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Host feeding and oviposition strategy of Eretmocerus warrae (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) under different host densities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868235005&partnerID=40&md5=e5fd3663448140061be3d96863e17623 VL - 65 ID - 286 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Butterprint (velvetleaf in many countries) is one of the worst broadleaf weeds in maize (Zea mays) and soya bean (Glycine max) crops in USA. It has been accidently introduced into New Zealand on several occasions. Recently it has been found in three maize fields in Waikato and has become well established at one 20 ha site. Twelve different post-emergence herbicides were evaluated for control of butterprint in glasshouse pot trials and in a field trial. In the glasshouse bromoxynil, dicamba, mesotrione, aminopyralid and topramezone all gave 100% control. In the field trial, dicamba showed the most activity but overall efficacy was less than in the glasshouse. Dicamba controlled most of the plants that were present at spraying, but germination over the next month resulted in a final population of 88% of the original. This population of butterprint also shows a very high tolerance to atrazine when treated post-emergence. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - James, T. K. AU - Cooper, J. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bhowmik, P.C., Doll, J.D., Corn and soybean response to allelopathic effects of weed and crop residues (1982) Agronomy Journal, 74, pp. 601-606; Dobbels, A.F., Kapusta, G., Postemergence weed control in corn (Zea mays) with nicosulfuron combinations (1993) Weed Technology, 7, pp. 844-850; Gray, J.A., Stoltenberg, D.E., Balke, N.E., Absence of herbicide cross-resistance in two atrazineresistant velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) biotypes (1995) Weed Science, 43, pp. 352-357; Ritter, R.L., Triazine resistant velvetleaf and giant foxtail control in no-tillage corn (1986) Proceedings Northeastern Weed Science Society, 40, pp. 50-52; Sattin, M., Zanin, G., Berti, A., Case history for weed competition/population ecology: Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) in corn (Zea mays) (1992) Weed Technology, 6, pp. 213-219; Schmelk, R., Kells, J.J., Effect of soil-applied atrazine and pendimethalin on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) competitiveness in corn (1998) Weed Technology, 12, pp. 47-52; Spencer, N.R., Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae), history and economic impact in the United States (1984) Economic Botany, 38, pp. 407-416; Sterling, T.M., Putnam, A.R., Possible role of glandular trichome exudates in interference by velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) (1987) Weed Science, 35, pp. 308-314; Sterling, T.M., Houtz, R.L., Putnam, A.R., Phytotoxic exudates from velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) glandular trichomes (1987) American Journal of Botany, 74, pp. 543-550; Warwick, S.I., Black, L.D., The biology of Canadian weeds. 90. Abutilon theophrasti (1988) Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 68, pp. 1069-1085 PY - 2012 SP - 64-68 ST - Control of the recently-introduced weed butterprint (Abutilon theophrasti) in maize T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of the recently-introduced weed butterprint (Abutilon theophrasti) in maize UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868223660&partnerID=40&md5=b00dcabe7fc9bbaa34c8ef8343d7de67 VL - 65 ID - 268 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bulb damage caused by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci, Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a serious problem in New Zealand stored export onions. Understanding the relationships between insect development rates, temperature and damage potential is critical to effective pest management by targeting fewer pesticide applications. Thrips development (egg to adult) was monitored daily on leek leaves, onion leaves or onion bulb discs at constant and variable temperatures. Development rates were not significantly different on different substrates, but survival was lower on onion bulbs. Total development time (egg to adult) ranged from 51.1 days at 12°C to 10.3 days at 30°C. Lower development temperature thresholds ranged from 7.3°C for pupae to 9.1°C for eggs. Accumulation of 221 degree-days above 8.1°C was required to complete development. The temperature development model accurately predicted development time of onion thrips under variable temperature conditions. At 21°C, adults and larvae caused an average of 20.1 and 10.7 mm2 of feeding damage to onion bulbs per day, respectively. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Griffin, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Edelson, J.V., Magaro, J.J., Development of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, as a function of temperature (1988) The Southwestern Entomologist, 13 (3), pp. 171-176; Edelson, J.V., Cartwright, B., Royer, T.A., Economics of controlling onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on onions with insecticides in south Texas (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 561-564; Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Fullerton, R.A., Tyson, J.L., Monitoring onion thrips in export onions (2002) Grower, 57 (10), pp. 20-22; Jamieson, L., Chhagan, A., Stevens, P., Tyson, J.L., Fullerton, R.A., Effect of topping and storage on thrips and black mould in onions (2001) Grower, 56 (10), pp. 30-31; Murai, T., Effect of temperature on development and reproduction of the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on pollen and honey solution (2000) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 35 (4), pp. 499-504; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Butler, R.C., Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)) resistance to insecticides (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31 (2), pp. 99-106; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., A new bioassay for determining the susceptibility of onion (Allium cepa) bulbs to onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (2006) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 34, pp. 85-92; Martin, N.A., (2012) Thrips Insecticide Resistance Management and Prevention Strategy, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/insecticides.php?p=thrips, (accessed 15 April 2012); Stacey, D.A., Fellowes, M.D.E., Temperature and the development rate of thrips: Evidence for a constraint on local adaptation? (2002) European Journal of Entomology, 99, pp. 399-404; Wood, R.J., Control of onion thrips (2001) Grower, 56, pp. 51-52 PY - 2012 SP - 126-132 ST - Temperature development and damage rates of onion thrips T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Temperature development and damage rates of onion thrips UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868219489&partnerID=40&md5=b03ea57b89534e1428a3461981ff0dec VL - 65 ID - 262 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Global use of phosphine as a fumigant has increased in response to the need to replace methyl bromide, and with the improved formulations, ECO 2FUME® and VAPORPH3OS® . Phosphine is registered as a postharvest fumigant on kiwifruit in New Zealand and has been used commercially to reduce the risk of detecting live pests. Scale insects, mealybugs and diapausing twospotted spider mites were exposed to a range of phosphine treatments. A 48-h low temperature (1.7-4.6°C) fumigation (6408-3311 ppm) achieved 100% mortality of all life stages of oleander scale insects, while a 12-h exposure killed all longtailed mealybug life stages. A 36-h low temperature (2.5-3.3°C) fumigation (4332-2712 ppm) treatment achieved 100% mortality of all greedy scale insect life stages. A 48- to 96-h treatment (3600-1200 ppm) at 1-15°C caused 91.3-100% mortality of diapausing twospotted spider mite adults. Use of phosphine as a commercial treatment for kiwifruit is discussed. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Brash, D. W. AU - Klementz, D. AU - Bycroft, B. L. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Waddell, B. C. AU - Gilbertson, R. AU - Bollen, F. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, C.H., Fumigation in the 21st century (2000) Crop Protection, 19 (8-10), pp. 563-569; Bond, E.J., Manual of fumigation for insect control (1984) FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 54, p. 351. , UN FAO, Rome, Italy. Reprinted 1989; Chambers, J.M., Hastie, T.J., (1992) Statistical Methods, p. 608. , S. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software, Pacific Grove, CA, USA; (2011) Eco2fume® Product Data Sheet, , http://www.cytec.com/specialty-chemicals/PDFs/AgriculturalFumigation/ EcofumeDatasheet.pdf, [accessed 2 April 2012]; (2011) VAPORPH3OS® Phosphine Fumigant Onsite Blending with Air, , https://www.cytec.com/specialty-chemicals/PDFs/AgriculturalFumigation/ VAP%20On%20Site%20Air.pdf, Product Data Sheet, SPT-169-B-EN-WW-02C [accessed 11 May 2012]; Horn, F.F., Horn, F.P., Horn, P.P., Horn, J.P., Diaz, R.M., Fosfoquim S.A., assignee 2005-12-01 (2005) Procedure of Fumigation with A High Concentration of Pure Phosphine Free from Ammonia at Low Temperature for the Control of Pests in Fruits Without Damaging Its Quality, , US Patent No. US25265892; Horn, P., Horn, F., Tumambing, J., Rogers, M., Studies and commercial application of Vaporph3os phosphine fumigant for disinfestation of exported fruits and vegetables in South America (2010) Acta Horticulturae, 880, pp. 407-414; Hoy, L.E., Whiting, D.C., Low-temperature storage as a postharvest treatment to control Pseudococcus affinis (Maskell) on Royal Gala apples (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 90 (5), pp. 1377-1381; Jamieson, L.E., Meier, X., Page, B., Zulhendri, F., Page-Weir, N., Brash, D., McDonald, R.M., Woolf, A.B., A review of postharvest disinfestation technologies for selected fruits and vegetables (2009) Plant & Food Research Client Report 36072, p. 183. , Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Karunaratne, C., Moore, G.A., Jones, R.B., Ryan, R.F., Evaluation of phosphine as a disinfestation treatment for some common insects in cut flowers (1995) Proceedings Australasian Postharvest Horticulture Conference, pp. 359-366. , 18-22 September 1995, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Kawakami, F., Soma, Y., Tsutsumi, T., Sato, T., Yuge, T., Yamamoto, M., Komatsu, H., Inoue, T., Disinfestation of pests on cut flowers with gas mixtures of methyl bromide, phosphine and carbon dioxide (1996) Research Bulletin Plant Protection Japan, 32, pp. 39-46; Leesch, J.G., Fumigation of lettuce: Efficacy and phytotoxicity (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 142-150; Liu, Y.B., Advances in postharvest pest control on perishable commodities using ultralow oxygen treatment and low temperature phosphine fumigation (2008) Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, p. 738. , 21-26 September 2008, Chengdu, China. Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Chengdu, China; Liu, Y.B., Low temperature phosphine fumigation for postharvest control of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and strawberry (2008) Journal of Economic Entomology, 101, pp. 1786-1791; Liu, Y.B., Low temperature phosphine fumigation for postharvest pest control on fresh vegetables (2009) Proceedings of International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives, 84 (1), pp. 84-92. , San Diego, California, USA. 29 October-1 November 2009; Liu, Y.B., Low-temperature phosphine fumigation of chilled lettuce under insulated cover for postharvest control of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (2011) Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 14 (3), pp. 323-325; Liu, Y.B., Oxygen enhances phosphine toxicity for postharvest pest control (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 (5), pp. 1455-1461; Monro, H.A.U., (1969) Manual of Fumigation for Insect Control (Second Edition, Revised), p. 381. , Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Study No. 79. FAO, Rome; Muhunthan, M., Williams, P., Thorpe, G.R., Phosphine - An alternative to methyl bromide for postharvest disinfestation of wildflowers in containers (1996) Agricultural Engineering Australia, 26, pp. 29-33; Naito, H., Aoki, M., Yamada, K., Studies on tolerance of fresh vegetables to methyl iodide, sulfuryl fluoride and phosphine fumigation (2011) Research Bulletin Plant Protection Japan, 47, pp. 49-55; Singh, P., Clare, G.K., A method for continuous production of diapausing twospotted mite in the laboratory (1993) New Zealand Entomologist, 16, pp. 94-99; Soma, Y., Ogawa, N., Tanigawa, N., Kawakami, F., Quality tolerance of fresh fruits and vegetables to methyl iodide and phosphine fumigation (2007) Research Bulletin Plant Protection Japan, 43, pp. 1-7; Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Wimalaratne, S.K., Somerfield, K.G., Hedderley, D.I., Bbc, P., Brash, D.W., Control of onion thrips adults and eggs with phosphine (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 400. , (abstract only); Weller, G.L., Graver, J.E.V.S., Cut flower disinfestation: Assessment of replacement fumigants for methyl bromide (1998) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 14 (3), pp. 325-333; Weller, G.L., Graver, J.E.V.S., Damcevski, K.A., Replacements for methyl bromide in quarantine treatments of cut flowers and ornamentals (1995) Proceedings of Australasian Postharvest Horticulture Conference, pp. 366-372. , 18-22 September 1995. Melbourne, Australia; Williams, P., Alternatives to methyl bromide for fumigation of wildflowers (1995) Proceedings of Australasian Postharvest Horticulture Conference, pp. 373-376. , Melbourne, Australia, 18-22 September 1995; Williams, P., Muhunthan, M., Fumigants for postharvest control of insect pests of cut flowers (1998) Acta Horticulturae, 464, pp. 291-296; Williams, P., Hepworth, G., Goubran, F., Muhunthan, M., Dunn, K., Phosphine as a replacement for methyl bromide for postharvest disinfestation of citrus (2000) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 19 (2), pp. 193-199 PY - 2012 SP - 35-43 ST - Phosphine fumigation to disinfest kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Phosphine fumigation to disinfest kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868227056&partnerID=40&md5=49d9ee9c4c4146579c70c84f33ab34e4 VL - 65 ID - 260 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Diadegma semiclausum is an important larval parasitoid of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella. The present study investigated the reproductive fitness of D. semiclausum females in response to host densities of 5 and 30 DBM larvae per cabbage seedling per day. Both the number of hosts parasitised and the number of female progeny produced over the life of the parasitoid were significantly greater in the 30 than the 5 host density (hosts parasitised: 601±31 versus 120±15 and female progeny produced: 67±10 versus 12±2) (P<0.0001). In the high host density, the daily number of hosts parasitised and proportion of female progeny produced significantly increased from 3-4 days until 20-22 days after oviposition started, after which time these parameters significantly decreased (P<0.0001). The implication of these results for mass-rearing and field release is discussed. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Khatri, D. AU - He, X. Z. AU - Wang, Q. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Asante, S., Danthanarayana, W., Sex ratios in natural populations of Aphelinus mali (Hym.: Aphelinidae) in relation to host size and host density (1993) BioControl, 38, pp. 391-403; Ellers, J., Driessen, G., Sevenster, J.G., The shape of the trade-off function between egg production and life span in the parasitoid Asobara tabida (2000) Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 50, pp. 29-36; Ferreira De Almeida, M.A., Geden, C.J., Pires Do Prado, A., Influence of feeding treatment, host density, temperature, and cool storage on attack rates of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (2002) Environmental Entomology, 31, pp. 732-738; Flanders, S.E., Control of sex and sex-limited polymorphism in the Hymenoptera (1946) The Quarterly Review of Biology, 21, pp. 135-143; Hassell, M.P., May, R.M., Stability in insect host-parasite models (1973) Journal of Animal Ecology, 42, pp. 693-726; Hassell, M.P., May, R.M., Aggregation of predators and insect parasites and its effect on stability (1974) Journal of Animal Ecology, 43, pp. 567-594; He, X.Z., Teulon, D.A.J., Wang, Q., Oviposition strategy of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in response to host density (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 190-194; Khatri, D., He, X., Wang, Q., Mating behaviour and egg maturation in Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 174-178; King, B.H., Sperm depletion and mating behavior in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (2000) Great Lakes Entomologist, 33, pp. 117-127; Legaspi, B.C., Legaspi, J.C., Foraging behavior of field populations of Diadegma spp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): testing for density-dependence at two spatial scales (2005) Journal of Entomological Science, 40, p. 295; MacKauer, M., Quantitative assessment of Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae): Fecundity, intrinsic rate of increase, and functional response (1983) Canadian Entomologist, 115, pp. 399-415; Murdoch, W.W., Oaten, A., Predation and population stability (1975) Advances in Ecological Research, 9, p. 131; Sandlan, K., Sex ratio regulation in Coccygomimus turionella Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and its ecological implications (1979) Ecological Entomology, 4, pp. 365-378; Santolamazza-Carbone, S., Pestaña Nieto, M., Cordero Rivera, A., Maternal size and age affect offspring sex ratio in the solitary egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens (2007) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 125, pp. 23-32; Smith, A.D.M., Maelzer, D.A., Aggregation of parasitoids and density-independence of parasitism in field populations of the wasp Aphytis melinus and its host, the red scale Aonidiella aurantii (1986) Ecological Entomology, 11, pp. 425-434; Stiling, P.D., The frequency of density dependence in insect host-parasitoid systems (1987) Ecology, 68, pp. 844-856; Talekar, N.S., Shelton, A.M., Biology, ecology and management of the diamondback moth (1993) Annual Review of Entomology, 38, pp. 275-301; Waage, J.K., Hassell, M.P., Parasitoids as biological control agents: A fundamental approach (1982) Parasitology, 84, pp. 241-268; Wang, X.G., Keller, M.A., Patch time allocation by the parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). III. Effects of kairomone sources and previous parasitism (2004) Journal of Insect Behavior, 17, pp. 761-776; Waterhouse, D.F., Norris, K.R., (1987) Biological Control: Pacific Prospects, , Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia PY - 2012 SP - 142-147 ST - Reproductive fitness of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in response to host density T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Reproductive fitness of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in response to host density UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868253286&partnerID=40&md5=bded1e81edf424a1b010faa8da667d6e VL - 65 ID - 266 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many legumes can colonise low nitrogen (N) soils due to their ability to fix atmospheric N2 via symbiotic bacteria in root nodules. Galega officinalis and Hedysarum coronarium are legumes that have naturalised and become common weeds in New Zealand. Previous work outside of New Zealand indicated that they only form effective nodules with their respective symbionts, Rhizobium galegae and R. sullae. Here, analysis of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes, and plant nodulation tests were carried out on five selected bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of both legumes sampled at one site each. Only Rhizobium galegae strains were isolated from G. officinalis and selected strains induced effective nodules when re-inoculated onto the host plant. Agrobacterium vitis, R. galegae and R. sullae strains were isolated from nodules of H. coronarium, but only R. sullae induced effective nodules on this plant. Results agree with previous reports that these legume species are highly specific in the rhizobia they form effective nodules with, but further work is required to confirm this. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Liu, W. Y. Y. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - James, T. K. AU - Premaratne, M. AU - Andrews, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Andrews, M., James, E.K., Sprent, J.I., Boddey, R.M., Gross, E., Dos Reis, F.B., Nitrogen fixation in legumes and actinorhizal plants in natural ecosystems: Values obtained using 15N natural abundance (2011) Plant, Ecology and Diversity, 4, pp. 131-140; Cabrera, E., Ruiz-Argueso, T., Diversidad de poblaciones nativas de rizobios de zulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) (1979) VIII Congreso Nacuinal de Microbiologia, , Madrid, Spain, 28-30 September 1979. Abstract; Cummings, S.P., Gyaneshwar, P., Vinuesa, P., Farruggia, F.T., Andrews, M., Humphry, D., Elliot, G.N., Pettitt, D., Nodulation of Sesbania species by Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) strain IRBG74 and other rhizobia (2009) Environmental Microbiology, 11, pp. 2510-2525; Gaunt, M.W., Turner, S.L., Rigottier-Gois, L., Lloyd-Macgilp, S.A., Young, J.P., Phylogenies of atpD and recA support the small subunit rRNAbased classification of rhizobia (2001) Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 51, pp. 2037-2048; Lindström, K., Rhizobium galegae, a new species of legume root nodule bacteria (1989) Systematic Bacteriology, 39, pp. 365-367; Popay, I., Champion, P., James, T.K., (2010) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand, pp. 184-186. , Third Edition. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Lincoln, New Zealand; Shtark, O., Provorov, N., Mikic, A., Borisov, A., Cupina, B., Tikhonovich, I., Legume root symbioses: Natural history and prospects for improvement (2011) Field and Vegetable Crops Research, 48, pp. 291-304; Sprent, J.I., (2009) Legume Nodulation: A Global Perspective, p. 74. , Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, United Kingdom; Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M., Kumar, S., MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0 (2007) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, pp. 1596-1599; Vincent, J.M., A manual for the practical study of root-nodule bacteria (1970) IBP Handbook, 15. , Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom; Vinuesa, P., Silva, C., Lorite, M.J., Izaguirre-Mayoral, M.L., Bedmar, E.J., Martínez-Romero, E., Molecular systematics of rhizobia based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies inferred from rrs, atpD, recA and nifH sequences, and their use in the classification of Sesbania microsymbionts from Venezuelan wetlands (2005) Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 28, pp. 702-716; Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R., Garnock-Jones, P.J., (1988) Flora of New Zealand Volume IV: Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons, pp. 648-649. , Botany Division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch, New Zealand; Weir, B.S., Turner, S.J., Silvester, W.B., Park, D.-C., Young, J.M., Unexpectedly diverse Mesorhizobium strains and Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulate native legume genera of New Zealand, while introduced legume weeds are nodulated by Bradyrhizobium species (2004) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, pp. 5980-5987; Weisburg, W.G., Barns, S.M., Pelletier, D.A., Lane, D.J., 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study (1991) Bacteriology, 173, pp. 697-703 PY - 2012 SP - 192-196 ST - Characterisation of rhizobia nodulating Galega officinalis (goat's rue) and Hedysarum coronarium (sulla) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Characterisation of rhizobia nodulating Galega officinalis (goat's rue) and Hedysarum coronarium (sulla) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868219322&partnerID=40&md5=ac64213435b3581704e5e2f3c20bd532 VL - 65 ID - 279 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mealybug infestations in New Zealand apples declined when integrated fruit production was implemented in the late 1990s. In Hawke's Bay, however, mealybugs have recently become an increasing problem. The mean incidence of mealybugs at harvest increased from 1.7% in 2008 to 2.2% in 2010. In 2009 and 2010, almost 50% of blocks had a higher incidence than the previous year. Analysis of spray diaries suggested that spray programmes up to 2009-10 were inadequate to maintain long-term suppression of mealybugs. Key factors were the number of insecticide sprays, their time of application, and the choice of product, but not spray coverage. Consequently, in spring 2010, orchard managers were encouraged to follow a 'best practice' spray programme against mealybugs, which led to markedly improved mealybug control. At harvest in 2011, the mean incidence was 0.7% and just 14% of blocks had more mealybugs than the previous year while almost 60% had fewer. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Fraser, T. M. AU - Manktelow, D. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Charles, J.G., A survey of mealybugs and their natural enemies in horticultural crops in North Island, New Zealand, with implications for biological control (1993) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 3, pp. 405-418; Charles, J.G., Walker, J.T.S., White, V., Resistance to chlorpyrifos in the mealybugs Pseudococcus affinis and P. longispinus in Hawkes Bay and Waikato pipfruit orchards (1993) Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 120-125; Walker, J.T.S., Hodson, A.J., Wearing, C.H., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Tomkins, A.R., Burnip, G.M., Batchelor, T.A., Integrated fruit production for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management in a pilot programme (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 258-263 PY - 2012 SP - 44-48 ST - Improving the management of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) in apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Improving the management of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) in apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868237984&partnerID=40&md5=1cd35b44898ce40d4d4e327d8e8f442e VL - 65 ID - 265 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study aimed to determine the effects of different management practices for Tradescantia fluminensis in lowland podocarp/broadleaf forest remnants in the lower North Island. Fourteen 50 m line transects, across eight sites, were established in April 2009 and assessed annually until 2012. Management practices prior to and during the study period were documented. Over the four assessments, changes in the numbers of native plant seedlings and species differed greatly between management practices as did the percent cover of Tradescantia and other weeds. Native species diversity improved more and the abundance of Tradescantia and other weeds increased less, in forests that were less disturbed and where careful on-going control was carried out, than in forests with more disturbance prior to or during control operations. Effective monitoring of both weeds and native plants is essential to enable the outcome of weed management practices to be measured. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lusk, C. S. AU - Hurrell, G. A. AU - Lamoureaux, S. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Brown, D., Rees, D., Control of Tradescantia on Stephens Island (1995) Ecological Management, 3, pp. 6-9; Druce, A., (1975) Indigenous Vascular Plants of Barton's Bush (Trentham Memorial Park, Hutt Valley), p. 3. , D.S.I.R. Botany Division, Wellington, New Zealand; (2004) Totara Reserve Ecosystem/habitat, p. 7. , Horizons Regional Council. Horizons Regional Council, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Hurrell, G., James, T., Lamoureaux, S., Lusk, C., Trolove, M., Effects of rate of application of triclopyr on wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.) (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 363-367; Kettenring, K.M., Adams, C.R., Lessons learned from invasive plant control experiments: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2011) Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, pp. 970-979; McCluggage, T., Herbicide trials on Tradescantia fluminensis (1998) Conservation Advisory Science Notes, p. 8. , Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Payton, I., Pekelharing, C., Frampton, C., (1999) Foliar Browse Index: A Method for Monitoring Possum (Trichosurus Vulpecula) Damage to Plant Species and Forest Communities, p. 61. , Landcare Research (NZ) Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand; Reid, A.M., Morin, L., Downey, P.O., French, K., Virtue, J.G., Does invasive plant management aid the restoration of natural ecosystems? (2009) Biological Conservation, 142, pp. 2342-2349; Rinella, M.J., Maxwell, B.D., Fay, P.K., Weaver, T., Sheley, R.L., Control effort exacerbates invasivespecies problem (2009) Ecological Applications, 19, pp. 155-162; Simpson, E.H., Measurement of diversity (1949) Nature, 163, p. 688; Standish, R.J., Experimenting with methods to control Tradescantia fluminensis, an invasive weed of native forest remnants in New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 26, pp. 161-170; Standish, R.J., Robertson, A.W., Williams, P.A., The impact of an invasive weed Tradescantia fluminensis on native forest regeneration (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, pp. 1253-1263; Wassilieff, M.C., Clark, D.J., Gabites, I., (1986) Scenic Reserves of the Lower North Island: A Botanical Survey of Scenic and Allied Reserves of Wellington, Horowhenua, and Wairarapa: Biological Survey of Reserves Series: No. 14, p. 8. , Dept Lands and Survey, Wellington, New Zealand PY - 2012 SP - 74-80 ST - Native plant and weed diversity in forest remnants affected by Tradescantia fluminensis management T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Native plant and weed diversity in forest remnants affected by Tradescantia fluminensis management UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867877266&partnerID=40&md5=1717db30492ccb226d9cbe8ff0353d81 VL - 65 ID - 243 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The relative susceptibility to greedy and latania scale of 21 tree species used as kiwifruit shelter was determined using laboratory and shade house bioassays. The bioassays confirmed the general susceptibility of most of the willow and poplar selections, but showed that some selections had good levels of resistance, measured by scale insect survival and growth. For some shelter species, resistance to the two armoured scale species differed. The most resistant of the commonly used shelter species were Bambusa oldhami, Pinus radiata and Cryptomeria japonica. Other less commonly used species such as Pittosporum spp. also showed good resistance. Using these resistant species as shelter in a kiwifruit orchard will minimise the risk of the shelter becoming a reservoir for either species of armoured scale. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mauchline, N. A. AU - Hill, M. G. AU - Stannard, K. A. AU - Zhuang, Q. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Blank, R.H., Olson, M.H., Bell, D.S., Invasion of greedy scale crawlers (Hemiberlesia rapax) onto kiwifruit from taraire trees (1987) New Zealand Entomologist, 10, pp. 127-130; Blank, R.H., Olson, M.H., Lo, P.L., Armoured scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) aerial invasion into kiwifruit orchards from adjacent host plants (1990) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 18, pp. 81-87; Blank, R.H., Gill, G.S.C., Olson, M.H., Seasonal abundance of greedy scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and associated parasitoids on taraire (Beilschmiedia tarairi) (1995) Journal of Economic Entomology, 88, pp. 1634-1640; Hill, M.G., Henderson, R.C., Mauchline, N.A., Diaspidid (Hemiptera:Coccoidea) size plasticity as an adaptive life history trait (2011) European Journal of Entomology, 108, pp. 153-159; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N., Cheng, C.H., Connolly, P.G., Measuring the resistance of Actinidia chinensis to armoured scale insects (2007) Acta Horticulturae, 753, pp. 685-692; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N.A., Hall, A.J., Stannard, K.A., Life table parameters for two armoured scale insect species on resistant and susceptible kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) germplasm (2009) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 37 (4), pp. 335-343; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N., Connolly, P.G., Maher, B., Measuring resistance to armoured scale insects in kiwifruit (Actinidia) germplasm (2010) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 38, pp. 69-85; Hill, M.G., Mauchline, N., Jones, M.K., Sutherland, P.W., The response of resistant kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) to armoured scale insect (Diaspididae) feeding (2011) Arthropod - Plant Interactions, 5, pp. 149-161; Jamieson, L., Dobson, S., Cave, J., Stevens, P.S., A survey of armoured scale insects on kiwifruit shelter (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 354-360 PY - 2012 SP - 29-34 ST - Susceptibility of kiwifruit shelter species to two armoured scale insects T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Susceptibility of kiwifruit shelter species to two armoured scale insects UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868219996&partnerID=40&md5=d3c7e9208a6fe9deaf434e640fdd863d VL - 65 ID - 249 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Quantifying botrytis bunch rot (BBR) in vineyards is essential to the New Zealand wine industry. Simple random sampling (SRS), inverse sampling (IS) and adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) were compared using simulated disease incidence at two levels (1% and 3%), three clustering factors (random, low and high), and small (100 bays) or large (2500 bays) vineyard sizes. Sampling relative efficiency (re) was highest using ACS when disease was highly clustered at low incidence. Inverse sampling was investigated by repeatedly sampling from the simulated vineyards, which resulted in total sample number and variance of IS being greatest in highly clustered BBR at low incidence. IS resulted in a lower final sample number with less variance than ACS using simulated BBR that was randomly dispersed at 3%. IS or SRS using a sample size calculated from desired sample confidence can provide practical and accurate botrytis bunch rot sampling for disease management decision support. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - McKay, A. H. AU - Hill, G. N. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baddeley, A., Turner, R., Spatial Point Pattern analysis, model-fitting, simulation, tests (2012) The R Project for Statistical Computing, , http://www.r-project.org/; Beresford, R.M., Hill, G.N., Predicting in-season risk of botrytis bunch rot in Australian and New Zealand vineyards (2008) Breaking the Mould - A Pest and Disease Update. Proceedings of the ASVO Seminar, 24 July 2008, Mildura, Victoria, pp. 24-28. , DeGaris K, Krstic M, McCorkelle G, McLoughlin S ed. Australian Society of Viticulture and Oenology Inc. Adelaide, South Australia; Brown, J.A., Designing an efficient adaptive cluster sample (2003) Environmental and Ecological Statistics, (10), pp. 95-103; Hill, G.N., Beresford, R.M., Evans, K.J., Tools for accurate assessment of botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) on wine grapes (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 174-181; Hughes, G., Madden, L.V., Munkvold, G.P., Cluster sampling for disease incidence data (1996) Phytopathology, 86 (2), pp. 132-137; Madden, L.V., Hughes, G., Munkvold, G.P., Plant disease incidence: Inverse sampling, sequential sampling, and confidence intervals when observed mean incidence is zero (1996) Crop Protection, 15 (7), pp. 621-632; Madden, L.V., Hughes, G., Van Den Bosh, F., Estimating plant disease by sampling (2007) The Study of Plant Disease Epidemics, pp. 279-318. , Madden LV, Hughes G, Van den Bosh F ed. APS Press St. Paul, MN, USA; McClellan, W.D., Hewitt, W.B., Early Botrytis rot of grapes: Time of infection and latency of Botrytis cinerea Pers. in Vitis vinifera L (1973) Phytopathology, 63 (9), pp. 1151-1157; Ojiambo, P.S., Scherm, H., Efficiency of adaptive cluster sampling for estimating plant disease incidence (2010) Phytopathology, 100 (7), pp. 663-670; Reardon, J.E., Berkett, L.P., Borkowski, J., Field evaluation of a new sequential sampling technique for determining apple scab "risk" (2005) Plant Disease, 89 (3), pp. 228-236; Smith, D.R., Rogala, J.T., Gray, B.R., Zigler, S.J., Newton, T.J., Evaluation of single and two-stage adaptive sampling designs for estimation of density and abundance of freshwater mussels in a large river (2009) River Research and Applications, 27 (1), pp. 122-133; Turk, P., Borkowski, J.J., (2005) A Review of Adaptive Cluster Sampling: 1990-2003. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 12 (1), pp. 55-94 PY - 2012 SP - 241-248 ST - Comparison of sampling procedures for estimating botrytis bunch rot incidence in New Zealand vineyards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of sampling procedures for estimating botrytis bunch rot incidence in New Zealand vineyards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868245586&partnerID=40&md5=9c2b0c57d2a7ca010e12469cadcb7dad VL - 65 ID - 244 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Flyspeck, caused by Schizothyrium pomi (anamorph Zygophiala jamaciensis), is a serious cosmetic skin disorder of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit in New Zealand. In a study of the disease in 2009-10, the bark of all 1-year-old canes was carrying large numbers of characteristic dark fruiting bodies (thyriothecia) (flyspecks). Germinating spores and hyphae of S. pomi were first observed on current season's canes in December 2009. Flyspecks were first found on fruit in mid-January 2010 and their incidence and severity increased until harvest in February 2010. Sprays of trifloxystrobin or carbendazim applied pre-blossom and during flowering reduced the incidence of fruit with flyspeck at harvest by an average of 70% compared with the untreated control. A single application at either of those times was similarly effective with one exception; trifloxystrobin applied as a pre-blossom spray failed to control flyspeck. Carbendazim residues (0.02 mg/kg) were recorded in the fruit at harvest following an application during flowering. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - McKenna, C. E. AU - Fullerton, R. A. AU - Dobson, S. J. AU - Jia, Y. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1094/PDMR03; Williamson, S.M., Sutton, T.B., Sooty blotch and flyspeck of apple: Etiology and control (2000) Plant Disease, 84, pp. 714-724 M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2012 SP - 213-217 ST - Control of flyspeck (Schizothyrium pomi) on Actinidia arguta kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of flyspeck (Schizothyrium pomi) on Actinidia arguta kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868243982&partnerID=40&md5=d14c3b5e65136bf82ba5274e9583a205 VL - 65 ID - 251 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) (DBM) is a major pest of forage brassica crops in New Zealand. This study evaluated the effects of DBM larval feeding on three forage brassica crops in a greenhouse experiment. DBM eggs in batches of 5, 10 or 50 were placed on 6-week-old potted kale, rape and turnip plants. Plant growth and development (main stem diameter, plant height, total number of stems and leaves, and dry matter weight of roots and foliage (including stems)) were measured at harvest. Additionally, the number of pupae recovered was recorded. None of the measurements of plant growth was influenced (P>0.05) by DBM egg density. Percentage pupal recovery was consistent between treatments. Larger DBM population sizes may have been required to show an effect on plant growth. Implications of these results for DBM pest management are discussed. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Michel, A. J. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Davidson, M. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Badenes-Pérez, F., Reichelt, M., Gershenzon, J., Heckel, D.G., Phylloplane location of glucosinolates in Barbarea spp. (Brassicaceae) and misleading assessment of host suitability by a specialist herbivore (2011) New Phytologist, 189 (2), pp. 549-556; Beck, N.G., (1991) Lepidopterous Pests on Vegetable Brassicas in Pukekohe, New Zealand: Their Seasonality, Parasitism, and Management, p. 166. , PhD thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Cameron, P.J., Shelton, A.M., Walker, G.P., Tang, J.D., Comparative insecticide resistance of New Zealand and North American populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (1997) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 25 (2), pp. 117-122; De Ruiter, J., Wilson, D., Maley, S., Fletcher, A., Fraser, T., Scott, W., Berryman, S., Nichol, W., (2009) Management Practices for Forage Brassicas, p. 62. , Forage Brassica Development Group, Lincoln, New Zealand; (2011) The Guide to GenStat Release 14 - Parts 1-3, , GenStat Committee, VSN International, Oxford; Henniges-Janssen, K., Schoefl, G., Reineke, A., Heckel, D.G., Groot, A.T., Oviposition of diamondback moth in the presence and absence of a novel host plant (2011) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 101 (1), pp. 99-105; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, p. 532. , 2nd edition. London, Chapman & Hall; Rossbach, A., Lohr, B., Vidal, S., Host shift to peas in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and response of its parasitoid Diadegma mollipla (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (2006) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 96 (4), pp. 413-419; Sarfraz, M., Dosdall, L.M., Keddie, B.A., Diamondback moth-host plant interactions: Implications for pest management (2006) Crop Protection, 25 (7), pp. 625-639; Sarfraz, M., Dosdall, L.M., Keddie, B.A., Resistance of some cultivated Brassicaceae to infestations by Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (1), pp. 215-224; Sarfraz, M., Dosdall, L.M., Keddie, B.A., Bottomup effects of host plant nutritional quality on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and top-down effects of herbivore attack on plant compensatory ability (2009) European Journal of Entomology, 106 (4), pp. 583-594; Sarfraz, M., Dosdall, L.M., Keddie, B.A., Myers, J.H., Larval survival, host plant preferences and developmental responses of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on wild brassicaceous species (2011) Entomological Science, 14, pp. 20-30; Stewart, A., Charlton, D., (2003) Pasture and Forage Plants for New Zealand, p. 96. , New Zealand Grassland Association, Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 8 (2nd edition); Talekar, N.S., Shelton, A.M., Biology, ecology, and management of the diamondback moth (1993) Annual Review of Entomology, 38, pp. 275-301; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Wallace, A.R., Recent developments in management of diamondback moth in New Zealand (2011) Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Management of the Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Insect Pests, 21-25 March 2011, No 11-755, pp. 234-240. , Srinivasan R, Shelton AM, Collins HL ed. Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Publication, AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Taiwan; Walker, G., Wright, P., Cameron, P., Berry, N., Information guide for integrated pest management in vegetable brassicas: An information guide (2009) Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand, p. 176. , Fresh Vegetable Product Group, Horticulture New Zealand. [ISBN 978-0-473-14901-7]; White, J., Hodgson, J., (1999) New Zealand Pasture and Crop Science, p. 323. , Oxford University Press, Auckland PY - 2012 SP - 155-160 ST - Plutella xylostella larval feeding effects on three forage brassica species: Kale, rape and turnip T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Plutella xylostella larval feeding effects on three forage brassica species: Kale, rape and turnip UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868245070&partnerID=40&md5=342aaaf5f7111433a316662a0d73737e VL - 65 ID - 281 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Botrytis cinerea is a fungus responsible for considerable damage to a wide range of crops worldwide, including grapes. Botrytis bunch rot caused by B. cinerea is the major disease problem that must be managed by the New Zealand wine industry each season. However, the fungus is not easily managed as it can be both necrotrophic and saprophytic, with a range of overwintering inoculum sources. New Zealand grape growers have asked whether it is necessary to remove tendrils at the time of pruning in order to minimise botrytis bunch rot infection at harvest. This review provides a summary of the information currently available on the importance of tendrils in the epidemiology of botrytis bunch rot under New Zealand conditions. Gaps in knowledge and areas for further investigation are also identified. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Agnew, R. H. AU - Wood, P. N. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02631; Keller, M., Viret, O., Cole, F.M., Botrytis cinerea infection in grape flowers: Defense reaction, latency, and disease expression (2003) Phytopathology, 93, pp. 316-322; Kim, K.S., Hill, G.N., Beresford, R.M., Remote sensing and interpolation methods can obtain weather data for disease prediction (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 182-186; Kochenko, Z.I., Investigation on the overwintering of the pathogen of grey rot of grapevine (1974) Zakhist Roslin, pp. 99-105; Mundy, D.C., A review of the direct and indirect effects of nitrogen on botrytis bunch rot in wine grapes (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 306-310; Mundy, D.C., Agnew, R.H., Do mulched prunings pose a disease risk for grapes? (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, p. 252. , (Abstract only); Mundy, D.C., Agnew, R.H., Effects of mulching with vineyard and winery waste on soil fungi and botrytis bunch rot in Marlborough vineyards (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 135-138; Mundy, D.C., Beresford, R.M., Epidemiology of Botrytis bunch rot in New Zealand vineyards (2003) Abstracts of the Botrytis Workshop, 8th International Congress of Plant Pathology, pp. L1-L1. , Christchurch, New Zealand; Mundy, D.C., Beresford, R.M., Susceptibility of grapes to Botrytis cinerea in relation to berry nitrogen and sugar concentration (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 123-127; Mundy, D.C., Agnew, R.H., Beresford, R.M., Seasonal timing of canopy wetness drives severity of Botrytis bunch rot in wine grapes (2005) Innovations for Sustainable Plant Health: The 15th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference Handbook, p. 342. , Geelong, Victoria, Australia, (abstract only); Mundy, D.C., Hill, G.N., Beresford, R.M., Factors affecting susceptibility of Sauvignon blanc grape berries to Botrytis cinerea infection (2008) Journal of Plant Pathology, 90, p. 91; Mundy, D.C., Agnew, R., Raw, V., Jia, Y., Technical Report Including Return Bloom Measurements for "changing bunch architecture for sustainable botrytis control" SFF project (2011) New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, p. 18. , Auckland, New Zealand. PFR client report No. 42203; Mundy, D.C., Haycock, S.R., McLachlan, A.R.G., Wood, P.N., Raw, V., Tendrils as a source of seasonal carryover of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 236-240; Nair, N.G., Nadtotchei, A., Sclerotia of Botrytis as a source of primary inoculum for bunch rot of grapes in New-South-Wales, Australia (1987) Journal of Phytopathology-Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 119, pp. 42-51; Nair, N.G., Emmett, R.W., Parker, F.E., Some factors predisposing grape berries to infection by Botrytis cinerea (1988) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 16, pp. 257-263; Nair, N.G., Guilbaud-Oulton, S., Barchia, I., Emmett, R., Significance of carry over inoculum, flower infection and latency on the incidence of Botrytis cinerea in berries of grapevines at harvest in New South Wales (1995) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 35, pp. 1177-1180; Neal, S., Mundy, D., Trought, M., Pecchenino, D., McLachlan, A., Yield and fruit composition responses of Sauvignon blanc to mechanical thinning: End of year report 2010 (2010) New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, p. 27. , Auckland, New Zealand. PFR client report No. 23136; Obanor, F.O., Williamson, K., Mundy, D.C., Wood, P.N., Walter, M., Optimisation of PTAELISA detection and quantification of Botrytis cinerea infections in grapes (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 130-137; Percival, D.C., Sullivan, J.A., Fisher, K.H., Effect of cluster exposure, berry contact and cultivar on cuticular membrane formation and occurrence of bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) with 3 Vitis vinifera L. cultivars (1993) Vitis, 32, pp. 87-97; Percival, D.C., Fisher, K.H., Sullivan, J.A., Use of fruit zone leaf removal with Vitis-Vinifera L cv Riesling grapevines. 2. Effect on fruit composition, yield, and occurrence of bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers, Fr) (1994) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 45, pp. 133-140; Pezet, R., Viret, O., Perret, C., Tabacchi, R., Latency of Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. and biochemical studies during growth and ripening of two grape berry cultivars, respectively susceptible and resistant to grey mould (2003) Journal of Phytopathology-Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 151, pp. 208-214; Seyb, A., Gaunt, R., Trought, M., Frampton, C., Balasubramaniam, R., Jaspers, M., Relationship between debris within grape bunches and Botrytis infection of berries (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, p. 451. , (Abstract only); Seyb, A.M., (2004) Botrytis Cinerea Inoculum Sources in the Vineyard System, p. 227. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand; Spotts, R.A., Cervantes, L.A., Disease incidence - Inoculum dose relationships for Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum and decay of pear fruit using dry, airborne conidia (2001) Plant Disease, pp. 755-759; Spotts, R.A., Serdani, M., Inoculum sources of Botrytis cinerea important to pear orchards in Oregon (2006) Plant Disease, 90, pp. 750-754; Stromeng, G.M., Stensvand, A., Overwintering of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry fields in Norway (2003) Bulletin OILB/SROP, 26, pp. 181-186; Stromeng, G.M., Hjeljord, L.G., Stensvand, A., Relative contribution of various sources of Botrytis cinerea inoculum in strawberry fields in Norway (2009) Plant Disease, 93, pp. 1305-1310; Sutton, J.C., Epidemiology and management of Botrytis leaf blight of onion and gray mold of strawberry: A comparative analysis (1990) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 12, pp. 100-110; Sutton, J.C., James, T.D.W., Dale, A., Harvesting and bedding practices in relation to grey mould of strawberries (1988) Annals of Applied Biology, 113, pp. 167-175; Van Kan, J.A.L., Licensed to kill: The lifestyle of a necrotropic plant pathogen (2006) Trends in Plant Science, 11, pp. 247-253; Viret, O., Keller, M., Jaudzems, V.G., Cole, F.M., Botrytis cinerea infection of grape flowers: Light and electron microscopical studies of infection sites (2004) Phytopathology, 94, pp. 850-857; Walter, M., Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Stanley, J., Harris-Virgin, P., Morgan, C., Pyke, N.B., Epidemiology of Botrytis cinerea in boysenberry (Rubus spp.) (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 93-100; Walter, M., Harris-Virgin, P., Waipara, N.W., Stanley, J., Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Morgan, C., Langford, G.I., From the laboratory to the field: Litter management for control of Botrytis cinerea in boysenberry gardens (2004) Fruits (Paris), 59, pp. 291-299; Williamson, B., Tudzynski, B., Tudzynski, P., Van Kan, J.A.L., Botrytis cinerea: The cause of grey mould disease (2007) Molecular Plant Pathology, 8, pp. 561-580; Wolf, T., Baudoin, A., Martinez-Ochoa, N., Effect of floral debris removal from fruit clusters on botrytis bunch rot of Chardonnay grapes (1997) Vitis, 36, pp. 27-33; Yunis, H., Elad, Y., Survival of dicarboximideresistant strains of Botrytis cinerea in plant debris during summer in Israel (1989) Phytoparasitica, 17, pp. 13-21 M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2012 SP - 218-227 ST - Grape tendrils as an inoculum source of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards - A review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Grape tendrils as an inoculum source of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards - A review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868249743&partnerID=40&md5=caf31db639436c4b33ef85354a7fbbf8 VL - 65 ID - 277 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Current management options for grapevine trunk diseases are focused on ameliorating symptoms once they have occurred. In grapevines and other crops, plant stress has been observed to increase symptom expression for different pathogens, depending on timing and type of stress. This research aimed to establish whether stress to vines at the time of wounding enhances colonisation by fungi associated with trunk disease. Potted plants were wounded and inoculated with two grapevine trunk fungi, Eutypa lata and Botryosphaeria lutea. Stress treatments (leaf removal and girdling) were applied to the vines immediately prior to inoculation. Lesion size at the wound site and infection, confirmed by re-isolation of the pathogen, were measured. In these experiments stress did not induce greater infection incidence or larger lesions at the site of wounding. Some difficulties in using potted plants to simulate responses of mature vines in the field are discussed. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Haycock, S. R. AU - Manning, M. A. AU - McLachlan, A. R. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aroca, A., García-Figueres, F., Bracamonte, L., Luque, J., Raposo, R., A survey of trunk disease pathogens within rootstocks of grapevines in Spain (2006) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 115, pp. 195-202; Caspari, H.W., Lang, A., Alspach, P., Effects of girdling and leaf removal on fruit set and vegetative growth in grape (1998) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 49, pp. 359-366; Corino, L., Sansone, L., Dellepiane, S., A survey of recent vineyard stresses and suggestions for better performance (2004) Viticulture - Living with Limitations. Acta Horticulturae, pp. 51-57. , Reynolds AG, Bowen P ed. International Society Horticultural Science, Leuven 1; Desprez-Loustau, M.L., Marcais, B., Nageleisen, L.M., Piou, D., Vannini, A., Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees (2006) Annals of Forest Science, 63, pp. 597-612; Edwards, J., Pascoe, I., Occurrence of Phaemoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum associated with Petri disease and esca in Australian grapevines (2004) Australasian Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 273-279; Ferreira, J.H.S., Van Wyk, P.S., Calitz, F.J., Slow dieback of grapevine in South Africa: Stress-related predisposition of young vines for infection by Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum (1999) South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 20, pp. 43-46; Fourie, P.H., Halleen, F., Occurrence of grapevine trunk disease pathogens in rootstock mother plants in South Africa (2004) Australasian Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 313-315; Graham, A.B., Johnston, P.R., Weir, B.S., Three new Phaeoacremonium species on grapevines in New Zealand (2009) Australasian Plant Pathology, 38, pp. 505-513; John, S., Wicks, T.J., Hunt, J.S., Lorimer, M.F., Oakey, H., Scott, E.S., Protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection by Eutypa lata using Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium lateritium (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34, pp. 569-575; Manning, M.A., Mundy, D.C., Fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in established vineyards in New Zealand (2009) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 48, pp. 160-161; Mundy, D.C., Manning, M.A., Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand: A review (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 160-166; Mundy, D.C., Manning, M.A., Physiological response of grapevines to vascular pathogens: A review (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 7-16; Mundy, D.C., Casonato, S.G., Manning, M.A., Incidence of fungi isolated from grape trunks in New Zealand vineyards (2009) The 17th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference Handbook New Castle, p. 86. , New South Wales, Australia (Abstract only); Munkvold, G.P., Marois, J.J., Factors associated with variation in susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection by Eutypa lata (1995) Phytopathology, 85, pp. 249-256; Petit, A.N., Vaillant, N., Boulay, M., Clement, C., Fontaine, F., Alteration of photosynthesis in grapevines affected by esca (2006) Phytopathology, 96, pp. 1060-1066; Rolshausen, P.E., Urbez-Torres, J.R., Rooney-Latham, S., Eskalen, A., Smith, R.J., Gubler, W.D., Evaluation of pruning wound susceptibility and protection against fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases (2010) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 61, pp. 113-119; Rudelle, J., Octave, S., Kaid-Harche, M., Roblin, G., Fleurat-Lessard, P., Structural modifications induced by Eutypa lata in the xylem of trunk and canes of Vitis vinifera (2005) Functional Plant Biology, 32, pp. 537-547; Sosnowski, M.R., Lardner, R., Wicks, T.J., Scott, E.S., The influence of grapevine cultivar and isolate of Eutypa lata on wood and foliar symptoms (2007) Plant Disease, 91, pp. 924-931; Sosnowski, M., Luque, J., Loschiavo, A., Martos, S., Garcia-Figueres, F., Wicks, T., Scott, E., Studies on the effect of water and temperature stress on grapevines inoculated with Eutypa lata (2011) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 50, pp. S127-S138; Sosnowski, M.R., Creaser, M.L., Wicks, T.J., Lardner, R., Scott, E.S., Protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection by Eutypa lata (2008) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 14, pp. 134-142; Sun, Q., Rost, T.L., Matthews, M.A., Woundinduced vascular occlusions in Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae): Tyloses summer and gels in winter (2008) American Journal of Botany, 95, pp. 1498-1505; Treutter, D., Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance and enhancement of their biosynthesis (2005) Plant Biology, 7, pp. 581-591; Trought, M.C.T., Bennett, J.S., Influence of training systems on Sauvignon blanc grapevine performance 2004-2009 (2009) Internal Report, Plant & Food Research, p. 39. , Blenheim, New Zealand; Whiteman, S.A., Stewart, A., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Infection of rootstock mothervines by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora results in infected young grapevines (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36, pp. 198-203 PY - 2012 SP - 228-235 ST - The response to stress treatments of potted grapevines inoculated with Eutypa lata and Botryosphaeria lutea, fungi associated with trunk disease T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The response to stress treatments of potted grapevines inoculated with Eutypa lata and Botryosphaeria lutea, fungi associated with trunk disease UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868261550&partnerID=40&md5=d1ca463a95ecff113fbb6f7b8d0c22e0 VL - 65 ID - 288 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Botrytis bunch rot is a disease that requires management under New Zealand conditions in order to prevent financial losses for wine grape producers. A survey was conducted to investigate the potential spore production of tendrils in 16 vineyards from the Marlborough and Hawke's Bay wine growing regions. Significant differences in spore production potential of tendrils were detected between sampling before flowering and after fruit set. Significant regional differences were also detected, with tendrils from Marlborough producing fewer spores. Under ideal laboratory conditions for incubation of the fungus, spore production by tendrils was low at the start of the season and was reduced further following application of the industry standard fungicide programme. Based on these experiments and a review of other data it is recommended that tendril removal is not required at pruning as part of vineyard disease management. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Haycock, S. R. AU - McLachlan, A. R. G. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Raw, V. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agnew, R., Mundy, D., Spiers, M., (2002) Mulch for Sustainable Production, p. 49. , HortResearch, Blenheim; Agnew, R.H., Mundy, D.C., Balasubramaniam, R., Effects of spraying strategies based on monitored disease risk on grape disease control and fungicide usage in Marlborough (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 30-36; Elmer, P.A.G., Michailides, T.J., Epidemiology of Botrytis cinerea in orchard and vine crops (2007) Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control, pp. 243-272. , Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N ed. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; Hoksbergen, T., (2010) Impact of Botrytis Cinerea on Vineyard Returns and Wine Quality, , Grape Day seminar, Marlborough, New Zealand Winegrowers; Jaspers, M.V., Seyb, A.M., Trought, M.C.T., Balasubramaniam, R., Grapevine debris a primary source of Botrytis Cinerea (2012) Plant Pathology, , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02631; Keller, M., Viret, O., Cole, F.M., Botrytis cinerea infection in grape flowers: Defense reaction, latency, and disease expression (2003) Phytopathology, 93, pp. 316-322; Mundy, D.C., Agnew, R.H., Methods for the detection of fungi in New Zealand vineyard soils after a single application of organic mulch (2004) Proceedings of the 3rd Australasian Soilborne Diseases Symposium, pp. 104-105; Mundy, D.C., Agnew, R.H., Wood, P.N., Grape tendrils as an inoculum source of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards - A review (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 218-227; Seyb, A.M., (2004) Botrytis Cinerea Inoculum Sources in the Vineyard System, p. 227. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand; Van Kan, J.A.L., Licensed to kill: The lifestyle of a necrotropic plant pathogen (2006) Trends in Plant Science, 11, pp. 247-253 PY - 2012 SP - 236-240 ST - Tendrils as a source of seasonal carryover of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Tendrils as a source of seasonal carryover of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868248782&partnerID=40&md5=51bf9ff5cce7f6e95a9a979dc02c8513 VL - 65 ID - 273 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The gall mite Aceria genistae, a biological control agent of Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius, was first released in New Zealand in 2007. The dispersal ability of A. genistae was investigated to determine whether slow dispersal might limit its ability to control Scotch broom in forestry plantations, where a rapid impact of biocontrol is required. Transects were set up from the original release plants at four sites in Canterbury, New Zealand, and the presence or absence of galled plants was recorded at increasing distances from the release plants until no more galled plants could be found. The maximum dispersal rate recorded was 83.3 m/year, which is unlikely to be fast enough to greatly benefit forestry in New Zealand. Techniques may have to be developed to enhance mite dispersal in forestry plantations. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Paynter, Q. AU - Gourlay, A. H. AU - Rolando, C. A. AU - Watt, M. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cullen, J.M., Kable, P.F., Catt, M., Epidemic spread of a rust imported for biological control (1973) Nature, 244, pp. 462-464; Foxcroft, L.C., Hoffmann, J.H., Dispersal of Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae), a biological control agent of Opuntia stricta (Haworth.) Haworth. (Cactaceae) in the Kruger National Park (2000) Koedoe, 43, pp. 1-5; Moran, V.C., Gunn, B.H., Walter, G.H., Wind dispersal and settling of first-instar crawlers of the cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus (Hornoptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) (1982) Ecological Entomology, 7, pp. 409-419; Paynter, Q., Bellgard, S., Understanding dispersal rates of invading weed biocontrol agents (2011) Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, pp. 407-414; Peschken, D.P., McClay, A.S., Picking the target: A revision of McClay's scoring system to determine the suitability of a weed for classical biological control (1995) Proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 137-143; Reznik, S.Y., Spasskaya, I.A., Dolgovskaya, M.Y., Volkovitsh, M.G., Zaitzev, V.F., The ragweed leaf beetle Zygogramma suturalis F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Russia: Current distribution, abundance and implication for biological control of common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L (2008) Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 614-619; Richardson, B., Vegetation management practices in plantation forests of Australia and New Zealand (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23, pp. 1989-2005; Rosenthal, S.S., Aceria, Epitrimerus and Aculus species and biological control of weeds (1996) Eriophyoid Mites-their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, 6, pp. 729-739. , Lindquist E, Sabelis M, Bruin J ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam; Syrett, P., Fowler, S.V., Coombs, E.M., Hosking, J.R., Markin, G.P., Paynter, Q.E., Sheppard, A.W., The potential for biological control of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) (Fabaceae) and related weedy species (1999) Biocontrol News and Information, 20, pp. 17N-34N; Watson, M.C., Withers, T.M., Heaphy, M., Cleopus japonicus: Releases and distribution of the buddleia biological control agent in New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 155-159; Watson, M.C., Watt, M.S., Withers, T.M., Kimberley, M.O., Rolando, C.A., Potential for Cleopus japonicus to control the weed Buddleja davidii in plantation forests in New Zealand (2011) Forest Ecology and Management, 261, pp. 78-83; Watt, M.S., Whitehead, D., Mason, E.G., Richardson, B., Kimberley, M.O., The influence of weed competition for light and water on growth and dry matter partitioning of young Pinus radiata, at a dryland site (2003) Forest Ecology and Management, 183, pp. 363-376 PY - 2012 SP - 81-84 ST - Dispersal of the Scotch broom gall mite Aceria genistae: Implications for biocontrol T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Dispersal of the Scotch broom gall mite Aceria genistae: Implications for biocontrol UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868229593&partnerID=40&md5=f0845efec7b84fc732d74abbb636eb0f VL - 65 ID - 256 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The New Zealand wine industry is strongly committed to sustainable production. The SprayPro R-series® sprayer is designed to recycle unused chemical sprays not deposited on the target area. Sauvignon blanc vines in Marlborough, New Zealand, were studied during 2011/2012. The vineyard area was 5 ha at 80% flowering, where the full canopy was sprayed, and 10 ha at pre bunch closure (PBC) targeting the fruiting zone only. Disease control efficacy of spray recycling was investigated using Botrytis cinerea as the model pathogen. Pathogen colonisation of necrotic leaf discs placed in the canopy at 80% flowering and PBC showed even control of B. cinerea. At PBC, 80% of the water-sensitive papers had adequate to excellent coverage. Botrytis bunch rot incidence and severity were evenly expressed throughout the block but increased during pre-harvest; severity was well below the 3% economic threshold. Recycling of botryticides did not affect disease control. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Raw, V. AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - McLachlan, A. R. G. AU - Clifford, C. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beresford, R.M., Evans, K.J., Wood, P.N., Mundy, D.C., Disease assessment and epidemic monitoring methodology for bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) in grapevines (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 355-360; Green, S., Clothier, B., Van Den Dijssel, C., Deurer, M., Davidson, P., Measuring and modelling the stress response of grapevines to soil-water deficits (2008) Response of Crops to Limited Water. Understanding and Modelling Water Stress Effects and Plant Growth Processes, pp. 357-385. , Ahuja L, Reddy V, Saseendran S, Yu Q ed. Advances in Agricultural Systems Modelling Series 1. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI; Manktelow, D., (2010) New Zealand Winegrowers Fact Sheet: Assessing Spray Coverage, , http://wineinf.nzwine.com/factsheets.asp, accessed 15 May 2012; Wicks, T., Hall, B., (2005) Botrytis Fungicides - More Research Needed on Spray Timing, , http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0005/46688/ botrytis_fungicides.pdf, accessed 15 May 2012 PY - 2012 SP - 249-255 ST - Botrytis cinerea control on Sauvignon blanc using a recycling sprayer T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Botrytis cinerea control on Sauvignon blanc using a recycling sprayer UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868236228&partnerID=40&md5=c2e84785f96b956d5e2c84a8843d2930 VL - 65 ID - 250 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The predatory mirid bug, Sejanus albisignata, has been observed feeding on apple leafcurling midge (ALCM) eggs, but quantitative data on its potential as a predator of ALCM are lacking. Two methods were trialled to assess predation of ALCM by S. albisignata. In a laboratory experiment, apple shoots infested with freshly laid ALCM eggs were contained with and without a S. albisignata adult and, in a field experiment, paper bags were secured over shoots with ALCM eggs and individual S. albisignata nymphs were introduced into half of these. There were significant reductions of surviving midge larvae on shoots confined with adult predators, and reduced numbers of midge-infested leaves and larvae on bagged shoots with S. albisignata nymphs. Results from these non-choice trials indicate that S. albisignata can be an effective predator of ALCM. More detailed feeding studies would determine if adult and immature S. albisignata have a preference for midge eggs or larvae. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Charles, J.G., The settlement of fruit crop arthropod pests and their natural enemies in New Zealand: An historical guide to the future (1998) Biocontrol News and Information, 19, pp. 47N-58N; Charles, J.G., Insect pest control by natural enemies - An integral part of horticulture's future (2008) Future Challenges in Crop Protection: Repositioning New Zealand's Primary Industries for the Future, pp. 117-127. , Butcher MR, Walker JTS, Zydenbos SM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Hastings, New Zealand; Collyer, E., Phytophagous mites and their predators in New Zealand orchards (1964) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, pp. 551-568; Dumbleton, L.J., Notes on a new mired bug (1938) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 20, pp. 58B-60B; Murdoch, W.W., Switching in general predators: Experiments on predator specificity and stability of prey populations (1969) Ecological Monographs, 39, pp. 335-354; (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Development Core Team. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0; Schenk, D., Bacher, S., Functional response of a generalist insect predator to one of its prey species in the field (2002) Journal of Animal Ecology, 71, pp. 524-531; Shaw, P.W., Bradley, S.J., Walker, J.T.S., The impact of early season insecticides in an integrated fruit production programme on apple (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 283-287; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Rogers, D.J., The impact of early season insecticides on biological control of apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura mali) (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 164-167; Walker, J.T.S., Hodson, A.J., Wearing, C.H., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Steifel, H.E., Batchelor, T.A., Integrated fruit production for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management in a pilot programme (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 258-263; Wearing, C.H., Attfield, B., Phenology of the predatory bugs (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Sejanus albisignata (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Otago, New Zealand, apple orchards (2002) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 12 (4), pp. 481-492; Wearing, C.H., Charles, J.G., Cydia pomonella (L.), codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874 to 1987, pp. 161-169. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed. Technical communication, CAB International Institute of Biological Control 10. CAB International, Wallingford, UK PY - 2012 SP - 49-53 ST - Predation of apple leafcurling midge, Dasineura mali, by Sejanus albisignata T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Predation of apple leafcurling midge, Dasineura mali, by Sejanus albisignata UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868260284&partnerID=40&md5=5c0b20b1b6cf6200c770e5ae3880be99 VL - 65 ID - 245 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The sale of pheromone traps, lures and mating disruption products for horticultural insect pest species has grown steadily since the late 1980s, with expanding sales to New Zealand growers from Plant & Food Research (PFR) and its predecessors. New biosecurity incursions led to pheromone identifications for delimitation and pest management of other species. Mating disruption products were developed to target leafrollers, currant clearwing, codling moth and oriental fruit moth. In 2010-11, the activity involved with production of > 30 pheromone products was sold as a business unit by PFR to a New Zealand company. In addition, the first legislative group standard for plant protection products was drawn up to enable future development of straight-chained lepidopteran sex pheromones, under New Zealand's Environmental Protection Authority. The availability of pheromone products to assist with decision support and pest management is now subject to market forces. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Suckling, D. M. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Clare, G. K. AU - Boyd Wilson, K. S. H. AU - Hall, C. AU - El-Sayed, A. M. AU - Stevens, P. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2012) Group Standard for Straight Chained Lepidopteran Sex Pheromones, , www.epa.govt.nz/Publications/gs-pheromones2012.pdf, accessed 15 April 2012; Bellas, T.E., Bartell, R.J., Hill, A., Identification of two components of the sex-pheromone of the moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) (1983) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 9, pp. 503-512; Benn, M.H., Galbreath, R.A., Holt, V.A., Young, H., Down, G., Priesner, E., The sex pheromone of the silver y moth Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubleday) in New Zealand (1982) Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 37, pp. 1130-1135; Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Suckling, D.M., Graham, D.P.F., Clare, G.K., Stevens, P.S., Promoting innovation through a new group standard for straight-chained lepidopteran sex pheromones (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 274-280; Clearwater, J.R., Foster, S.P., Muggleston, S.J., Dugdale, J.S., Priesner, E., Intraspecific variation and interspecific differences in sex pheromones of sibling species in Ctenopseustis obliquana complex (1991) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 17 (2), pp. 413-429; Clearwater, J.R., Galbreath, R.A., Benn, M.H., Young, H., Female-produced sexual pheromone of Sceliodes cordalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (1986) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 12, pp. 1943-1964; Cross, J.V., Hall, D.R., Exploitation of the sex pheromone of apple leaf midge Dasineura mali Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): 1. Development of lure and trap (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 139-144; El-Sayed, A.M., (2012) The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals, , www.pherobase.com, accessed 1 May 2012; El-Sayed, A.M., Gibb, A.R., Suckling, D.M., Chemistry of the sex pheromone gland of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, discovered in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 31-36; El-Sayed, A.M., Unelius, C.R., Twidle, A., Mitchell, V., Manning, L.A., Cole, L., Suckling, D.M., Bergmann, J., Chrysanthemyl 2-acetoxy-3-methylbutanoate: The sex pheromone of the citrophilous mealybug, Pseudococcus calceolariae (2010) Tetrahedron Letters, 51, pp. 1075-1078; El-Sayed, A.M., Mitchell, V.J., Manning, L.M., Suckling, D.M., New sex pheromone blend for the lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (2011) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 37, pp. 640-646; Foster, S.P., Clearwater, J.R., Muggleston, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Sex pheromone of a Planotortrix excessana sibling species and reinvestigation of related species (1990) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 16, pp. 2461-2474; Foster, S.P., Dugdale, J.S., Sex pheromones and the status of greenheaded and brown headed leafroller moths in New Zealand (1991) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18, pp. 63-74; Foster, S.P., Roelofs, W.L., Sex pheromone differences in populations of the brownheaded leafroller, Ctenopseustis obliquana (1987) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13, pp. 623-629; Foster, S.P., Steven, D., McKenna, C., Muggleston, S.J., Sex pheromones of two New Zealand tortricid moths, Cnephasia jactatana and Merophyas leucaniana (1993) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 20, pp. 81-88; Foster, S.P., Thomas, W.P., Identification of a sex pheromone component of the raspberry budmoth, Heterocrossa rubophaga (2000) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26, pp. 2549-2265; Fouda, H.G., Seiber, J.N., Bacon, O.G., A potent sex attractant for the potato tuberworm moth (1975) Journal of Economic Entomology, 68, pp. 423-427; Frérot, B., Foster, S.P., Sex pheromone evidence for two distinct taxa within Graphania mutans (Walker) (1991) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 17, pp. 2077-2093; Galbreath, R.A., Benn, M.H., Young, H., Holt, V.A., Sex pheromone components in the New Zealand leafroller Planotortrix excessana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1985) Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 40, pp. 266-271; Gibb, A.R., Jamieson, L.E., Suckling, D.M., Ramankutty, P., Stevens, P.S., Sex pheromone of the citrus flower moth Prays nephelomima: Pheromone identification, field trapping trials, and phenology (2005) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31, pp. 1633-1644; Gibb, A.R., Suckling, D.M., Morris, B., Dawson, T., Bunn, B., Comeskey, D., Dymock, J.J., (Z)-7-Tricosene and monounsaturated ketones as sex pheromone components of the Australian guava moth Coscinoptycha improbana: Identification, field trapping, and phenology (2006) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32, pp. 221-237; Gibb, A.R., Suckling, D.M., El-Sayed, A.M., Bohman, B., Unelius, C.R., Dymock, J.J., Larsen, M.L., Willoughby, B.E., (11Z,13E)-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate: Sex pheromone of the grass webworm Herpetogramma licarsisalis - Identification, synthesis, and field bioassays (2007) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 33, pp. 839-847; Gibb, A.R., Suckling, D.M., Fielder, S., Bunn, B., Jamieson, L.E., Larsen, M.L., Walter, G.H., Kriticos, D.J., Major sex pheromone components of the Australian gum leaf skeletonizer Uraba lugens: (10E,12Z)-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate and (10E,12Z)-hexadecadien-1- ol (2008) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 34, pp. 1125-1133; Griepink, F.C., Beek, T.A., Visser, J.H., Voerman, S., Groot, A., Isolation and identification of sex pheromone of Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (1995) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 21, pp. 2003-2013; Hill, A.S., Rings, R.W., Swier, S.R., Roelofs, W.L., Sex pheromone of the black cutworm moth, Agrotis ipsilon (1979) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 5, pp. 439-457; Kean, J.M., Kumarasinghe, L.B., Predicting the seasonal phenology of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 279-285; Lo, P.L., Cole, L., Impact of pheromone mating disruption and pesticides on oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) on peaches (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 67-71; McLaren, G.F., Fraser, J., Suckling, D.M., Mating disruption for the control of leafrollers on apricots (1998) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26, pp. 259-268; Roelofs, W.L., Comeau, A., Hill, G.M., Sex attractant of the codling moth: Characterization with electroantennogram technique (1971) Science, 174, pp. 297-299; Roelofs, W.L., Comeau, A., Selle, R., Sex pheromone of the oriental fruit moth (1969) Nature, 224, p. 723; Roelofs, W.L., Kochansky, J.P., Cardé, R.T., Kennedy, G.G., Henrick, C.A., Labovitz, J.N., Corbin, V.L., Sex pheromone of the potato tuberworm moth, Phthorimaea operculella (1975) Life Science, 17, pp. 699-706; Rothschild, G.H.L., Attractants for Heliothis armigera and H. punctigera (1978) Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 17, pp. 389-390; Suckling, D.M., Clearwater, J.R., Small scale trials of mating disruption of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1990) Environmental Entomology, 19, pp. 1702-1709; Suckling, D.M., Gibb, A., Daly, J., Rogers, D., Walker, G., Improving the pheromone lure for diamondback moth (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 182-187; Shaw, P.W., Cruickshank, V.M., Suckling, D.M., Commercial use of leafroller pheromone traps in Nelson (1993) Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 1135-1140; Suckling, D.M., McKenna, C., Walker, J.T.S., Integrated pest management in New Zealand horticulture (2003) Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena, pp. 385-396. , Maredia KM, Dakouo D, Mota-Sanchez D ed. CABI International, Wallingford, UK; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., Reducing insecticide use in pipfruit: Nelson demonstration trials (1990) Proceedings of the 43rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 306-310; Suckling, D.M., Shaw, P., Large-scale trials of mating disruption of lightbrown apple moth in Nelson, New Zealand (1995) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23, pp. 127-137; Suckling, D.M., Hill, R.L., Gourlay, A.H., Witzgall, P., Sex attractant-based monitoring of a biological control agent of gorse (1999) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 9, pp. 99-104; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Lo, P.L., Shaw, P.W., McLaren, G.F., Clare, G., El-Sayed, A.M., Progress with pheromones and other semiochemicals for fuit pest management in New Zealand (2008) Future Challenges in Crop Protection: Repositioning New Zealand's Primary Industries for the Future New Zealand Plant Protection Society, pp. 99-107. , Butcher MR, Walker JTS, Zydenbos SM ed, Hastings, New Zealand; Suckling, D.M., Gibb, A.R., Burnip, G.M., Snelling, C., De Ruiter, J., Langford, G., El-Sayed, A.M., Optimization of pheromone lure and trap characteristics for currant clearwing, Synanthedon tipuliformis (2005) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31, pp. 393-406; Suckling, D.M., Gibb, A.R., Gourlay, H., Conant, P., Hirayama, C., Leen, R., Szöcs, G., Sex attractant for the gorse biocontrol agent Agonopterix ulicetella (Oecophoridae) (2000) Proceedings of the 53rd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 66-70; Suckling, D.M., Brockerhoff, E.G., Control of light brown apple moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) using an attracticide (1999) Journal of Economic Entomology, 92, pp. 367-372; Suckling, D.M., McLaren, G.F., Manning, L.M., Mitchell, V.J., Attfield, B., Colhoun, K., El-Sayed, A.M., Development of single-dispenser pheromone suppression of Epiphyas postvittana, Planotortrix octo and Ctenopseustis obliquana in New Zealand stone fruit orchards (2012) Pest Management Science, 68, pp. 928-934; Tamaki, Y., Kawasaki, K., Yamada, H., Koshihara, T., Osaki, N., Ando, T., Yoshida, S., Kakinohana, H., (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetates: Sex-pheromone components of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (1977) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 12, pp. 208-210; Tamaki, Y., Ohsawa, T., Yushima, T., Noguchi, H., Sex pheromone and related compounds secreted by the virgin females of Spodoptera litura (F.) (1976) Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 20, pp. 81-86; Thomas, W.P., Burnip, G.M., Mating disruption of currant clearwing, Synanthedon tipuliformis (1991) Proceedings of the 44th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 242-247; Voerman, S., Persoons, C.J., Priesner, E., Sex attractant for currant clearwing moth, Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) (1984) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 10, pp. 1371-1376; Walker, J.T.S., Manktelow, D.W.L., Wearing, C.H., Lo, P.L., Suckling, D.M., Development of integrated fruit production programmes in the New Zealand horticultural industry (2001) Bulletin OILB/SROP, 24, pp. 39-44; Walker, J., Rogers, D., Lo, P., Suckling, D., El-Sayed, A.M., Fraser, T., Horner, R., Use of mating disruption for control of New Zealand leafrollers in apple orchards (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 215-221; Witzgall, P., Kirsch, P., Cork, A., Sex pheromones and their impact on pest management (2010) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36, pp. 80-100; Wearing, C.H., Charles, J.G., Integrated control of apple pests in New Zealand. 14. Sex pheromone traps to determine applications of Azinphos-methyl for codling moth control (1978) Proceedings of the 31st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 229-235; Young, H., Galbreath, R.A., Benn, M.H., Holt, V.A., Struble, D.L., Sex pheromone components in the New Zealand brownheaded leafroller Ctenopseustis obliquana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1985) Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 40 C, pp. 262-265 PY - 2012 SP - 267-273 ST - Development and commercialisation of pheromone products in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development and commercialisation of pheromone products in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868216258&partnerID=40&md5=2b8e63b490f4c33a43716a966b69e1a3 VL - 65 ID - 282 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two New Zealand statutes have important implications for research with organisms not previously found in New Zealand and either incidentally or illegally introduced. The Biosecurity Act 1993 and the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 define the legal framework and allowable activities for 'unwanted' and 'new' organisms, respectively. Aspects of these Acts that are relevant to research activities possible with plant pest and disease organisms after their discovery, in particular those organisms requiring rapid development of management strategies and tools, are summarised. The need for accurate, detailed and accessible lists of 'unwanted' and 'new' organisms, and the need for the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) and the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) to respond rapidly when the status of these organisms needs to be changed is highlighted. Consideration should be given to making the legislation concerning 'new' organisms more applicable to incidentally or illegally introduced organisms. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Boyd Wilson, K. S. H. AU - Holton, A. AU - Ridley, G. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bickel, T.O., Closs, G.P., Impact of Didymosphenia geminata on hyporheic conditions in trout redds: Reason for concern? (2008) Marine and Freshwater Research, 59 (11), pp. 1028-1033; Biosecurity Act 1993. Public Act 1993. No 95. Date of assent 26 August 1993. Reprint as at 22 April 2010. New Zealand Government, Wellington, New Zealand; Brockerhoff, E.G., Liebhold, A.M., Richardson, B., Suckling, D.M., Eradication of invasive forest insects: Concepts, methods, costs and benefits (2010) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Sceince 40 Supplement, pp. S117-S135; Dick, M.A., Power, M.W.P., Carlson, C.A., Neonectria fuckeliana infection of Pinus radiata nursery stock (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 183-187; Eastop, V.F., Megoura stufkensi a new species of aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Entomologist, 34, pp. 27-29; Eerens, J.P.J., Hardwick, S., Gerard, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) in New Zealand: The story so far (2005) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 67, pp. 19-22; Making New Organisms "not New" by Regulation, , http://www.epa.govt.nz/new-organisms/popular-no-topics/Pages/ Making-not-new-by-regulation.aspx, EPA No Date (accessed 24 April 2012); (2011) To Determine Whether Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovar Actinidiae (Psa) Is A New Organism for the Purposes of the HSNO Act, , EPA. ERMA200990. Environmental Protection Authority, Wellington, New Zealand; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Everett, K.R., Rees-George, J., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Manning, M.A., Fullerton, R.A., Molecular identification of Sphaceloma perseae (Avocado scab) and its absence in New Zealand (2011) Journal of Phytopathology, 159 (2), pp. 106-113; Flynn, A.R., Stufkens, M.A.W., Teulon, D.A.J., Distribution and flight activity of the Monterey pine aphid in New Zealand (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 33-38; Froud, K.J., Popay, I.A., Zydenbos, S.M., Surveillance for biosecurity: Pre-border to pest management (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, , New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-473-14188-2; Goldson, S.L., Suckling, D.M., Defending the green oasis: New Zealand biosecurity and science (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, , New Zealand. ISBN 0-473-09386-3; (2011) SR 2011/299: Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Organisms Prescribed As Not New Organisms) Amendment Regulations 2011, , http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2011/0299/latest/ DLM3952313.html, Hazardous Substances. Published under the authority of the New Zealand Government, Wellington, New Zealand. accessed 15 May 2012; (1996) Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, , http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1996/0030/latest/DLM381222.html, HSNO. accessed 24 April 2012; Johnston, P.R., Park, D., Manning, M.A., Neobulgaria alba sp. nov. and its Phialophoralike anamorph in native forests and kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand (2010) Mycotaxon, 113, pp. 385-396; Kriticos, D.J., Phillips, C.B., Suckling, D.M., Improving border biosecurity: Potential economic benefits to New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 1-6; Liebhold, A.M., Brockerhoff, E.G., Garrett, L.J., Parke, J.L., Britton, K.O., Live plant imports: The major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the United States (2012) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10, pp. 135-143; (2008) Policy for MAF's Responses to Risk Organisms, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/biosec/consult/response-policyrisk- organisms.pdf, ISBN 978-0-478-32159-3 [accessed 20 April 2012]; (2008) Biosecurity Act 1993, , www.biosecurity.govt.nz/biosec/pol/bio-act, accessed 24 April 2012; (2010) Unwanted Organism Permission Application Form, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/forms/uopermission-app-form, accessed 24 April 2012; (2010) Unwanted Organisms Register, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/registers/uor, accessed 24 April 2012; Monds, R.D., Cromey, M.G., Lauren, D.R., Di Menna, M., Marshall, J., Fusarium graminearum, F. cortaderiae and F. pseudograminearum in New Zealand: Molecular phylogenetic analysis, mycotoxin chemotypes and coexistence of species (2005) Mycological Research, 109 (4), pp. 410-420; Morgan, R., Goodbye tussock moth (1998) Forest Health News, 76, p. 1; Myers, J.H., Simberloff, D., Kuris, A.M., Carey, J.R., Eradication revisited: Dealing with exotic species (2000) Tree, 15 (8), pp. 316-320; Suckling, D.M., Barrington, A.M., Chhagan, A., Stephens, A.E.A., Burnip, G.M., Charles, J.G., Wee, S.L., Eradication of the Australian painted apple moth Teia anartoides in New Zealand: Trapping, inherited sterility, and male competitiveness (2007) Area-wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation, pp. 603-615. , Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J ed. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands; Rugman-Jones, P.F., Hoddle, M.S., Stouthamer, R., Nuclear-mitochondrial barcoding exposes the global pest Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as two sympatric cryptic species in its native California (2010) Journal of Economic Entomology, 103, pp. 877-886; Teulon, D.A.J., Workman, P.J., Nielsen, M.-C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Upton, S., (1999) Risk, pp. 4-5. , http://www.arcadia.co.nz/risk/index.htm, The Robert C Barnard Inaugural Lecture. The Right Honourable Simon Upton, Minister for the Environment New Zealand. Delivered to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington DC, United States of America, September 1999, (accessed 24 April 2012) PY - 2012 SP - 281-288 ST - Research on invasive pests and diseases in New Zealand and the law T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Research on invasive pests and diseases in New Zealand and the law UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868259614&partnerID=40&md5=e0f0edb33e0d0480fb49017aff595c26 VL - 65 ID - 287 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Thirty-nine Waikato dairy pastures have been surveyed annually each February, for 5 years, to quantify changes in cover of yellow bristle grass and to determine if management factors influence this. After a severe drought, yellow bristle grass ground cover increased from 4 to 11% (2008 to 2009) and has since remained at this level. Ryegrass cover declined after the drought and has not returned to pre-drought levels while clover cover has increased. There was a much higher than average 2011/2012 summer rainfall, possibly causing the reduced summer grass and broadleaf weed cover measured in February 2012. By the end of the survey period, there was no reduction of yellow bristle grass cover from any of the following farm practices aimed to improve pasture performance: summer cropping, undersowing, oversowing and non-selective herbicide applied during summer. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Cameron, C. A. AU - James, T. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bray, A.G., Cahill, L., Paton, C.J., Bahnisch, L., Silcock, R., Can cattle spread giant rat's tail grass seed (Sporobolus pyramidalis) in their faeces? (1998) Proceedings of the 9th Australian Agronomy Conference, pp. 575-578; Campbell, B.D., Mitchell, N.D., Field, T.R.O., Climate profiles of temperate C3 and subtropical C4 species in New Zealand pastures (1999) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 42, pp. 223-233; Forcella, F., Colbach, N., Kegode, G.O., Estimating seed production of three Setaria species in row crops (2000) Weed Science, 48, pp. 436-444; James, T.K., (2007) Yellow Bristle Grass - The Ute Guide, , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington. ISBN 978-0-478-31135-8; James, T.K., (2011) Yellow Bristle Grass - The Ute Guide 2nd Edition, p. 40. , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington. ISBN 978-0-478-38427-7; James, T.K., Tozer, K.N., Rahman, A., Yellow bristle grass: A recent weed incursion in Waikato dairy pastures (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 39-42; James, T.K., Rahman, A., McGill, C.R., Trivedi, P., Biology and survival of broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum) seed (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 142-148; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., Sweet success: Managing yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) with grazing attractants in dairy pastures (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 43-47; Tozer, K.N., James, T.K., Increasing pasture productivity - Tips on identification and control of yellow bristle grass and summer grass (2011) DairyNZ Technical Series, (6), pp. 15-19. , November 2011 PY - 2012 SP - 54-58 ST - Changes in yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) incidence in Waikato dairy pastures over 4 years T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Changes in yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) incidence in Waikato dairy pastures over 4 years UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868250713&partnerID=40&md5=0a3bddec04e68f7d30a9ab4e48be4ee7 VL - 65 ID - 258 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) was first identified on kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) in New Zealand in November 2010, and has since caused serious losses, particularly in Te Puke. The role of fallen leaves and pruning debris in the life-cycle of Psa in New Zealand is unknown. Survival of Psa was investigated in fallen leaves and cane prunings over winter 2011. Heavily infected leaves, and cane prunings with Psa die-back symptoms, were kept on the orchard floor and in the laboratory, and assayed weekly for the presence of viable Psa. At leaf-fall, all leaves yielded live Psa. Although detection frequency declined over time, especially after 5-6 weeks, Psa was still isolated from leaf litter 15 weeks after leaf-fall and cane prunings 11 weeks after winter pruning. These results indicate that the pathogen overwinters readily in leaf litter and pruning debris, representing a potential inoculum source for infection of new spring growth. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Rees-George, J. AU - Curtis, C. L. AU - Manning, M. A. AU - Fullerton, R. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :13 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anthony, R.M., Brown, T.J., French, G.L., Rapid diagnosis of bacteremia by universal amplification of 23S ribosomal DNA followed by hybridization to oligonucleotide array (2000) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, pp. 781-788; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, A.B., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; (2012) Psa-V Priority Zones and High Risk Areas: 28 February 2012, , http://www.kvh.org.nz, Kiwifruit Vine Health Inc. (accessed: 11 April 2012); Marcelletti, S., Ferrante, P., Petriccione, M., Firrao, G., Scortichini, M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae draft genomes comparison reveal strain-specific features involved in adaptation and virulence to Actinidia species (2011) PLoS ONE, 6, pp. e27297; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Scortichini, M., Marcelletti, S., Ferrante, P., Petriccione, M., Firrao, G., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: A re-emerging, multifaceted, pandemic pathogen (2012) Molecular Plant Pathology, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00788.x; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Takikawa, Y., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Occurrence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Japan: Description of symptoms, isolation of the pathogen and screening of bactericides (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 427-436 PY - 2012 SP - 25-28 ST - Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868219242&partnerID=40&md5=73964997fa4a978f5a02948cc38d4026 VL - 65 ID - 276 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae is a group of plant pathogenic bacteria that can survive in the environment outside their host plants. The environment can therefore act as a reservoir for the pathogen. The goal of this study was to determine whether Cryptomeria japonica, one of the most common plant species used in the Bay of Plenty as shelter belts between blocks of kiwifruit, could harbour Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. To determine whether C. japonica could constitute a source of inoculum, potted plants maintained in a PC2 laboratory were inoculated with different concentrations of a streptomycin-resistant derivative of Psa. Populations of Psa were determined at regular intervals up to 18 days after inoculation. In all experiments, populations of Psa declined over time. Therefore, under laboratory conditions, C. japonica did not support the multiplication of the pathogen. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Vanneste, J. L. AU - Moffat, B. J. AU - Oldham, J. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abelleira, A., López, M.M., Peñalver, J., Aguín, O., Mansilla, J.P., Picoaga, A., García, M.J., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Spain (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 1583-1583; Balestra, G.M., Renzi, M., Mazzaglia, A., First report of bacterial canker of Actinidia deliciosa caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Portugal (2010) New Disease Reports, 22, p. 10; Bastas, K.K., Karakaya, A., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Turkey (2011) Plant Disease, 96, pp. 452-452; (2011) First Report of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae in Chile, , EPPO. EPPO Reporting Service: 2011/2055; (2011) First Report of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae in Switzerland, p. 8. , EPPO. EPPO Reporting Service; (2011) First Report of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae in Australia, , EPPO. EPPO Reporting Service: 2011/2130; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Hirano, S.S., Upper, C.D., Population biology and epidemiology of Pseudomonas syringae (1990) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 28, pp. 155-177; Hirano, S.S., Upper, C.D., Bacteria in the leaf ecosystem with emphasis on Pseudomonas syringae - A pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte (2000) Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 64, pp. 624-653; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; (2012) Psa Statistics Update 9 May 2012, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/453, (accessed 13 May 2012); Koh, Y.J., Cha, B.J., Chung, H.J., Lee, D.H., Outbreak and spread of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (1994) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 10, pp. 68-72; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Rudolph, K.W.E., Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (1995) Pathogenesis and Host Specificity in Plant Diseases: Histopathological, Biochemical, Genetic and Molecular Bases, pp. 47-138. , Singh US, Singh RP, Kohmoto K ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford and London, UK; Scortichini, M., Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on kiwifruit in Italy (1994) Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 1035-1038; Takikawa, Y., Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae pv. nov.: The causal bacterium of canker of kiwifruit in Japan (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 437-444; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Molecular characterisations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 7-14; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Max, S., Clark, G., Presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, on symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of kiwifruit (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 241-245; Vanneste, J.L., Kay, C., Onorato, R., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Spinelli, F., Max, S., Recent advances in the characterisation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit (2011) Acta Horticulturae, 913, pp. 443-456; Vanneste, J.L., Poliakoff, F., Audusseau, C., Cornish, D.A., Paillard, S., Rivoal, C., Yu, J., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in France (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 1311-1311; Wang, Z., Tang, X., Liu, S., Identification of the pathogenic bacterium for bacterial canker on Actinidia in Sichuan (1992) Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, , unpaginated PY - 2012 SP - 1-7 ST - Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on Cryptomeria japonica, a non-host plant used as shelter belts in kiwifruit orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on Cryptomeria japonica, a non-host plant used as shelter belts in kiwifruit orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868224006&partnerID=40&md5=fc6494c5647ac51884b76e39f7e767b6 VL - 65 ID - 261 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two strains of the hymenopteran parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides have been released in New Zealand for the biological control of Sitona weevil species. One attacks Sitona discoideus, a pest of lucerne, and the other attacks Sitona lepidus, a pest of clover. Two other Microctonus species also attack weevils in pasture; M. hyperodae was released for the biological control of Listronotus bonariensis and the native M. zealandicus attacks Irenimus spp. These Microctonus species can attack non-target weevil hosts and the identification of the larvae of the different Microctonus species and the separation of adults of M. aethiopoides strains can only be achieved by molecular methods. This paper describes a simple polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for distinguishing between the two M. aethiopoides strains, M. hyperodae and M. zealandicus. This PCR-RFLP method requires minimal molecular equipment and is cheaper and/or faster than other molecular methods. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Vink, C. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aeschlimann, J.-P., Lessons from postrelease investigations in classical biological control: The case of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hym., Braconidae) introduced into Australia and New Zealand for the biological control of Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal (Col., Curculionidae) (1995) Biological Control: Benefits and Risks, pp. 75-83. , Lynch JM ed. Cambridge University Press, New York; Armstrong, K.F., Cameron, C.M., Frampton, E.R., Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species identification: A rapid molecular diagnostic technique for quarantine application (1997) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 87, pp. 111-118; Armstrong, K.F., McHugh, P., Chinn, W., Frampton, E.R., Walsh, P.J., Tussock moth species arriving on imported used vehicles determined by DNA analysis (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 16-20; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Early impact of endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) after its establishment in Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations of northern New Zealand pastures (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 273-287; Barlow, N.D., Goldson, S.L., A modelling analysis of the successful biological control of Sitona discoideus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in New Zealand (1993) Journal of Applied Ecology, 30, pp. 165-179; Barratt, B.I.P., Blossey, B., Hokkanen, H.M.T., Post-release evaluation of non-target effects of biological control agents (2006) Environmental Impact of Arthropod Biological Control: Methods and Risk Assessment, pp. 166-186. , Kuhlmann U, Bigler F, Babendreier D ed. CABI Bioscience, Delemont; Barratt, B.I.P., Evans, A.A., Ferguson, C.M., Barker, G., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Laboratory nontarget host range of the introduced parasitoids Microctonus aethiopoides and M. hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) compared with field parasitism in New Zealand (1997) Environmental Entomology, 26, pp. 694-702; Barratt, B.I.P., Ferguson, C.M., Bixley, A.S., Crook, K.E., Barton, D.M., Johnstone, P.D., Field parasitism of nontarget weevil species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by the introduced biological control agent Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) over an altitude gradient (2007) Environmental Entomology, 36, pp. 826-839; Barratt, B.I.P., Oberprieler, R.G., Barton, D.M., Mouna, M., Stevens, M., Alonzo-Zarazaga, M., Vink, C.J., Ferguson, C.M., Could native range research, and non-target host range in Australia have helped predict host range of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a biological control agent for Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand? (2012) BioControl, 57. , in press (DOI 10.1007/s10526-012-9453-3); Crosby, T.K., Dugdale, J.S., Watt, J.C., Area codes for recording specimen localities in the New Zealand subregion (1998) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 25, pp. 175-183; Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., Vrijenhoek, R., DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i from diverse metazoan invertebrates (1994) Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, pp. 294-299; Gerard, P.J., Wilson, D.J., Eden, T.M., Field release, establishment and initial dispersal of Irish Microctonus aethiopoides in Sitona lepidus populations in northern New Zealand pastures (2011) BioControl, 56, pp. 861-870; Gerard, P.J., McNeill, M.R., Barratt, B.I.P., Whiteman, S.A., Rationale for release of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides for biocontrol of clover root weevil (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 285-289; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Baird, D.B., Establishment and phenology of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in New Zealand (1998) Environmental Entomology, 27, pp. 1386-1392; Iline, I.I., Phillips, C.B., Allozyme variation between European and New Zealand populations of Microctonus aethiopoides (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 133-137; Iline, I.I., Phillips, C.B., Allozyme markers to help define the South American origins of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) established in New Zealand for biological control of Argentine stem weevil (2004) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 94, pp. 229-234; Kean, J.M., Barlow, N.D., A spatial model for the successful biological control of Sitona discoideus by Microctonus aethiopoides (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, pp. 162-169; Monk, J., Young, S.D., Vink, C.J., Winder, L.M., Hurst, M.R.H., O'Callaghan, M., Q-PCR and high-resolution DNA melting analysis for simple and efficient detection of biocontrol agents (2011) Paddock to PCR: Demystifying Molecular Technologies for Practical Plant Protection. Proceedings of An International Symposium Held 9 August 2010 in New Plymouth, pp. 117-124. , Ridgway HJ, Glare TR, Wakelin SA, O'Callaghan M ed, New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Lincoln; Phillips, C.B., Vink, C.J., Blanchet, A., Hoelmer, K.A., Hosts are more important than destinations: What genetic variation in Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) means for foreign exploration for natural enemies (2008) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 49, pp. 467-476; Phillips, C.B., Iline, I.I., Vink, C.J., Winder, L.M., McNeill, M.R., Methods to distinguish between the Microctonus aethiopoides strains that parasitise Sitona lepidus and Sitona discoideus (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 297-303; Phillips, C.B., Baird, D.B., Iline, I.I., McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., Goldson, S.L., Kean, J.M., East meets West: Adaptive evolution of an insect introduced for biological control (2008) Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, pp. 948-956; Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., (2001) Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, USA; Shaw, S.R., Three new Microctonus species indigenous to New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1993) New Zealand Entomologist, 16, pp. 29-39; Vink, C.J., Barratt, B.I.P., Phillips, C.B., Barton, D.M., Moroccan specimens of microctonus aethiopoides spice our understanding of genetic variation in this internationally important braconid parasitoid of adult weevils (2012) BioControl, 57. , in press (DOI 10.1007/s10526-012-9450-6); Vink, C.J., Phillips, C.B., Mitchell, A.D., Winder, L.M., Cane, R.P., Genetic variation in Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (2003) Biological Control, 28, pp. 251-264; Winder, L.M., Phillips, C.B., Richards, N.K., Ochoa-Corona, F., Hardwick, S., Vink, C.J., Goldson, S.L., Evaluation of DNA melting analysis as a tool for species identification (2011) Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2, pp. 312-320 PY - 2012 SP - 186-191 ST - A simple PCR-RFLP method to distinguish between species and strains of Microctonus parasitoids found in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A simple PCR-RFLP method to distinguish between species and strains of Microctonus parasitoids found in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868249225&partnerID=40&md5=b710fe26d99091bb86d744aeb013965d VL - 65 ID - 253 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The susceptibility of field populations of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, to lambda-cyhalothrin, methamidophos, spinosad and indoxacarb collected from the four major brassica-growing regions has been assessed approximately every 2 years from 1997 to 2008. Recent results indicate that populations from all regions have increased their resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, but there is little or no resistance to spinosad and indoxacarb and reduced resistance to methamidophos. This mitigation of resistance in DBM is attributed to, in particular, a decade-long regional adherence by the vegetable industry of rotating spinosad with indoxacarb in a two-windows-per-year rotation strategy. The original insecticide resistance management rotation strategy had to be updated to incorporate chlorantraniliprole registered as a foliar spray, and recently a mixture of chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam as a seedling drench. Seedling drenches have been removed from the two-window strategy used for foliar sprays, with drenches now aligned with periods targeting the highest pest pressure, allowing mode of action (MoA)-free periods and rotation of different MoA insecticides to mitigate any resistance build-up in DBM. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walker, G. P. AU - Davis, S. I. AU - MacDonald, F. H. AU - Herman, T. J. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baker, G.J., Crucifer vegetable insecticide resistance managment strategies and issues in Australia (2011) Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Management of the Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Insect Pests, pp. 241-247. , Srinivasan R, Shelton AM, Collins HL ed., 21-25 March 2011, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Publication No. 11 AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Taiwan; Berry, N.A., Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., (2000) Integrated Pest Management for Brassicas, 11, p. 71. , Crop & Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand; Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., Warning: Diamondback moth resistant to pesticides (1998) Commercial Grower, 53, pp. 12-13; Cameron, P.J., Shelton, A.M., Walker, G.P., Tang, J.D., Comparative insecticide resistance of New Zealand and North American populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) (1997) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 25, pp. 117-122; (2010) Insecticide Resistance Management Global Guidelines for IRAC Group 28 (Diamide) Insecticides, , http://www.irac-online.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/ Global_IRM_Guidelines_Group-28_v2.1.pdf, IRAC Group 28 (Diamide) Working Group (accessed 11 June 2012); Walker, G.P., Cameron, P.J., Berry, N.A., Implementing of an IPM programme for vegetable brassicas in New Zealand (2004) The Management of Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Pests, pp. 365-370. , Endersby NM, Ridland PM ed. Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop, Melbourne, Australia, 26-29 November 2001; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Wallace, A.R., Recent developments in management of diamondback moth in New Zealand (2011) Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Management of the Diamondback Moth and Other Crucifer Insect Pests, pp. 234-240. , Srinivasan R, Shelton AM, Collins HL ed., 21-25 March 2011, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Publication No. 11 AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Taiwan; Walker, G.P., Wright, P.J., Cameron, P., Berry, N.A., Information guide for integrated pest management in vegetable brassicas (2009) Fresh Vegetable Product Group of Horticulture New Zealand, p. 167. , ISBN 978-0-473-14901-7; Young, S., (2012) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 723. , AgriMedia Ltd PY - 2012 SP - 114-119 ST - Update on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) insecticide resistance and the vegetable brassica insecticide management strategy T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Update on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) insecticide resistance and the vegetable brassica insecticide management strategy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868254334&partnerID=40&md5=2d0253f8aac597c6a62be509b40df73f VL - 65 ID - 255 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An early season potato trial at Pukekohe assessed the damage caused by Bactericera cockerelli, tomato-potato psyllid (TPP), and investigated the need for insecticide treatment. Four treatments were used: insecticide drench at planting; insecticide drench and weekly foliar sprays; insecticide drench and threshold-based foliar sprays; and no insecticides. TPP and associated insects in the trial were monitored weekly using yellow sticky traps and sampling plants from mid-October until mid-December 2011. TPP adult catches remained very low, reaching 1.5 per trap per week in December, and egg and nymphal infestations were absent or very low. Other exotic psyllid species dominated trap catches in December. The predator, Micromus tasmaniae (brown lacewing) was the most common insect, present throughout the trial, peaking at a combined total of 6.6 eggs and adults per plant. No damage was caused by TPP in any treatments indicating that insecticides may not be required to produce healthy 'early crop' potatoes at Pukekohe. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walker, G. P. AU - MacDonald, F. H. AU - Puketapu, A. J. AU - Fergusson, H. A. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Anderson, J. A. D. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/ps.3242; Cameron, P.J., Surrey, M.R., Wigley, P.J., Anderson, J.A.D., Hartnett, D.E., Wallace, A.R., Seasonality of Bactrocera cockerelli in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) in South Auckland, New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 37, pp. 295-301; Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., Insecticide resistance in green peach aphid from potatoes in South Auckland (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 85-89; Martini, X., Seibert, S., Prager, S.M., Nansen, C., Sampling and interpretation of psyllid nymph counts in potatoes (2012) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, , doi: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2012.01235; Walker, G., Cameron, P., MacDonald, F., Hartnett, D., Wallace, A., Assessment of resistance in potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) from Pukekohe and Waikato potato crops to organo-phosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. A report for Horticulture New Zealand (2008) Crop & Food Research Report No. 2227, p. 11. , Crop & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Larsen, N.J., Wallace, A.R., Monitoring of tomato-potato psyllid and associated insects in unsprayed potatoes in New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 269-275; Walker, G., MacDonald, F., Larsen, N., Gardner-Gee, R., Edwards, R., Wright, P., Anderson, J., (2011), http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/users/Image/Downloads/PDFs/ Pukekohe%20potato%20insecticide%20trials_PFR_2011.pdf, [accessed 30 March 2012]UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868245780&partnerID=40&md5=2537f65b6b1cca919ceb47a030351e11 M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2012 SP - 148-154 ST - A field trial to assess damage by Bactericera cockerelli to early potatoes at Pukekohe T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A field trial to assess damage by Bactericera cockerelli to early potatoes at Pukekohe VL - 65 ID - 285 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In New Zealand, the European invasive slug Deroceras reticulatum is a pest in home gardens, horticulture, pastoral and arable agriculture. At present there are no biological control options available in New Zealand, unlike Europe, where the nematode parasite Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is sold in several countries under the trade name Nemaslug®. This paper describes the finding of a nematode parasitising D. reticulatum in New Zealand that was identified by morphological and molecular (18S rDNA sequencing) methods as P. hermaphrodita. The nematode was reared on slug cadavers and shown to infect and kill field-collected D. reticulatum. In mesocosm experiments with clover, the New Zealand P. hermaphrodita applied at the recommended commercial rate substantially increased plant density even under high slug pressure. © 2012 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Wilson, M. J. AU - Burch, G. AU - Tourna, M. AU - Aalders, L. T. AU - Barker, G. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., (2002) Molluscs As Crop Pests, p. 400. , CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK; Blaxter, M.L., De Ley, P., Garey, J.R., Liu, L.X., Scheldeman, P., Vierstraete, A., Vanfleteren, J.R., Thomas, W.K., A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda (1998) Nature, 392, pp. 71-75; Glen, D.M., Wilson, M.J., Brain, P.B., Stroud, G., Feeding activity and survival of slugs, Deroceras reticulatum, exposed to the rhabditid nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita: A model of dose response (2000) Biological Control, 17, pp. 73-81; Mengert, H., Nematoden und schneken (1953) Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie Tiere, 41, pp. 311-349; Rae, R.G., Robertson, J.F., Wilson, M.J., Modern developments in slug control (2005) Outlooks on Pest Management, 16, pp. 27-30; Rae, R.G., Verdun, C., Grewal, P.S., Robertson, J.F., Wilson, M.J., Biological control of terrestrial molluscs using Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita - Progress and prospects (2007) Pest Management Science, 63, pp. 1153-1164; Rae, R.G., Tourna, M., Wilson, M.J., The slug parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita associates with complex and variable bacterial assemblages that do not affect its virulence (2010) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104, pp. 222-226; Tan, L., Grewal, P.S., Infection behaviour of the rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita to the grey garden slug Deroceras reticualtum (2001) Journal of Parasitology, 87, pp. 1349-1354; Tan, L., Grewal, P.S., Pathogenicity of Moraxella osloensis, a bacterium associated with the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, to the slug Deroceras reticulatum (2001) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67, pp. 5010-5016; Wilson, M.J., Pathogens and parasites of terrestrial molluscs (2012) Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology, pp. 429-441. , Lacey LA ed, second edition. Academic Press, San Diego, USA; Wilson, M.J., Barker, G.M., Slugs as pasture pests (2011) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 72, pp. 241-246; Wilson, M.J., Glen, D.M., George, S.K., The rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita as a potential biological control agent for slugs (1993) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 3, pp. 503-511; Wilson, M.J., Glen, D.M., George, S.K., Pearce, J.D., Selection of a bacterium for the mass production of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda Rhabditidae) as a biocontrol agent for slugs (1995) Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 18, pp. 419-425; Wilson, M.J., Hughes, L.A., Jefferies, D., Glen, D.M., Slugs, (Deroceras reticulatum and Arion ater agg.) avoid soil treated with the rhabditid nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (1999) Biological Control, 16, pp. 170-176; Wilson, M.J., Hughes, L.A., Hamacher, G.M., Glen, D.M., Effects of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita on non-target molluscs (2000) Pest Management Science, 56, pp. 711-716 PY - 2012 SP - 161-165 ST - The potential of a New Zealand strain of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita for biological control of slugs T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The potential of a New Zealand strain of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita for biological control of slugs UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868250409&partnerID=40&md5=9d29159682bcf39dc6caf6eeba654fac VL - 65 ID - 270 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ascospores of Venturia inaequalis constitute the principal source of primary inoculum for epidemics of apple black spot (scab). Mathematical models that describe ascospore release have been developed in USA, New Zealand and Italy. These models are based upon degree-day accumulation. In this work, the seasonal pattern of released ascospores of V. inaequalis in Vacaria, Brazil, was evaluated. During four apple growth seasons (2009 to 2012) the natural release of ascospores from ive orchards was recorded. The cumulative percentage of ascospore release was predicted using three different degreeday models. The released ascospore data showed the best it to the model developed in Italy, with a start date of 22 August rather than the phenological stage of apple bud break. It is concluded that in regions with warm winter temperatures, models that use bud break to initiate ascospore maturation will tend to underestimate availability of ascospores. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Alves, S. A. M. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beresford, R.M., Validation of an ascospore release prediction model for apple black spot (venturia inaequalis) (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 148-152; Beresford, R.M., Manktelow, D.W.L., Methods for disease assessment in apples, including growth stages, leaf emergence, black spot and powdery mildew (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 98-94; Cardoso, L.S., Bergamaschi, H., Bosco, L.C., Paula, V.A., Marodin, G.A.B., Casamali, B., Nachtigall, G.R., Disponibilidades climaticas para macieira na regiao de vacaria, rs (2012) Ciencia Rural, 42, pp. 1960-1967; Eikemo, H., Gadoury, D.M., Spotts, R.A., Villalta, O., Creemers, P., Seem, R.C., Stensvand, A., Evaluation of six models to estimate ascospore maturation in venturia pyrina (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 279-284; Gadoury, D.M., MacHardy, W.E., A model to estimate the maturity of ascospores of venturia inaequalis (1982) Phytopathology, 72, pp. 901-904; Gadoury, D.M., Seem, R.C., MacHardy, W.E., Wilcox, W.F., Rosenberger, D.A., Stensvand, A., A comparison of methods used to estimate the maturity and release of ascospores of Venturia inaequalis (2004) Plant Disease, 88 (8), pp. 869-874; (1989) Atlas Agroclimatico Do Estado Do Rio Grande Do Sul, p. 102. , IPAGRO Porto Alegre, Brasil; MacHardy, W.E., Apple scab: Biology, epidemiology, and management (1996) American Phytopathological Society, , St. Paul, USA. 570; Manktelow, D.W.L., Beresford, R.M., Evaluation of an ascospore monitoring method for venturia inaequalis to improve apple black spot fungicide management (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 78-82; Rossi, V., Marinelli, M., Ponti, I., Giosue, S., Bugiani, R., A new model estimating the seasonal pattern of air-borne ascospores of venturia inaequalis (cooke) wint. In relation to weather conditions (2000) Journal of Plant Pathology, 82, pp. 111-118; Stensvand, A., Eikemo, H., Gadoury, D.M., Seem, R.C., Use of a rainfall frequency threshold to adjust a degree-day model of ascospore maturity of venturia inaequalis (2005) Plant Disease, 89, pp. 198-202 PY - 2013 SP - 303-307 ST - Evaluation of three models for predicting venturia inaequalis ascospore release in Southern Brazil T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of three models for predicting venturia inaequalis ascospore release in Southern Brazil UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886075110&partnerID=40&md5=024914f794d870e26fe5c942fdceacfb VL - 66 ID - 216 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A survey of 41 apple orchards in Hawke's Bay (25), Nelson (7), Otago (4) and Waikato (5) provided 796 isolates of Venturia inaequalis (black spot or scab), which were tested using an agar plate assay for sensitivity to two demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides (myclobutanil and penconazole) and to dodine. Each fungicide was used at two concentrations to distinguish between highly sensitive, sensitive and resistant isolates. Sensitivity to DMIs in all regions was lower than baseline sensitivity in previous studies, particularly for myclobutanil. Waikato showed signiicantly lower DMI sensitivity than other regions. Dodine sensitivity was greater than in the 1990s, although Otago isolates were signiicantly less dodine-sensitive than those from other regions. In a plant inoculation assay to test control by ive DMI fungicides of disease caused by resistant isolates, lusilazol and difenoconazole gave signiicantly better disease control of resistant isolates than myclobutanil, penconazole or fenbuconazole, at standard ield rates. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Park, N. M. AU - Larsen, N. J. AU - Fisher, B. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bakker, G.R., Sensitivity of venturia inaequalis and v. Pirina to dodine in new zealand (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 167-170; Bakker, G.R., Butcher, M.R., Gaunt, R.E., Sensitivity of apple black spot to fenarimol, lusilazol, myclobutanil, penconazole and dodine in new zealand (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 7-11; Beresford, R.M., Dmi (demethylation inhibitor) management strategy (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention And Management Strategies 2005, pp. 21-25. , In: Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington KC ed. Hastings, New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc; Beresford, R.M., Dodine management strategy (2005) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention And Management Strategies 2005, pp. 27-28. , In: Martin NA, Beresford RM, Harrington KC ed. Hastings, New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc; Beresford, R.M., Follas, G.B., Hagerty, G.C., Harrington, K.C., Martin, N.A., The new zealand committee on pesticide resistance (nzcpr) (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 393-394; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Sensitivity of venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, penconazole and dodine in relation to fungicide use in hawke's bay apple orchards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 106-113; Chapman, K.S., Sundin, G.W., Beckerman, J.L., Identiication of resistance to multiple fungicides in ield populations of venturia inaequalis (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 921-926; (2013), www.frac.info/publication/anhang/FRAC%20Code%20List%20-final.pdf, FRAC Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. (accessed 14 April 2013); Jobin, T., Carisse, O., Incidence of myclobutanil- and kresoxim-methyl-insensitive isolates of Venturia inaequalis in Quebec orchards (2007) Plant Disease, 91 (10), pp. 1351-1358. , DOI 10.1094/PDIS-91-10-1351; Koller, W., Parker, D.M., Reynolds, K.L., Baseline sensitivities of venturia inaequalis to sterol demethylation inhibitors (1991) Plant Disease, 75, pp. 726-728; Koller, W., Wilcox, W.F., Barnard, J., Jones, A.L., Braun, P.G., Detection and quantification of resistance of Venturia inaequalis populations to sterol demethylation inhibitors (1997) Phytopathology, 87 (2), pp. 184-190; Koller, W., Wilcox, W.F., Evaluation of tactics for managing resistance of venturia inaequalis to sterol demethylation inhibitors (1999) Plant Disease, 83, pp. 857-863; Larsen, N.J., Beresford, R.M., Wood, P.N., Wright, P.J., Fisher, B.M., A synthetic agar assay for determining sensitivity of venturia inaequalis to anilinopyrimidine fungicides in new zealand apple orchards (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 293-302; Rosenberger, D.A., Cox, K.D., Apple scab management options for high-inoculum orchards (2010) New York Fruit Quarterly, 18 (1), pp. 3-8; Russell, P.E., Sensitivity baselines in fungicide resistance research and management (2002) FRAC Monograph, (3), p. 56. , AIMPRINT, UK; Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Thompson, S., Keenan, S., Bulman, S., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Beresford, R.M., Sensitivity to qoi fungicides in new zealand isolates of venturia inaequalis (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 284-292; Whelan, H.G., Butcher, M.R., Gaunt, R.E., Sensitivity of venturia inaequalis (black spot) on apples to dmi fungicides in new zealand (1992) Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 289-294 PY - 2013 SP - 274-283 ST - Resistance of venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four New Zealand apple-growing regions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Resistance of venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four New Zealand apple-growing regions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886052595&partnerID=40&md5=827018db15c5360e0900e8e1ce0d3043 VL - 66 ID - 191 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The susceptibility of four common grapevine rootstocks (101-14, Schwarzmann, 5C and Riparia Gloire) to Cylindrocladiella parva (black foot disease) infection was assessed in a pot experiment. The roots of 4-month-old callused rooted cuttings were wounded in situ and inoculated with 50 ml C. parva conidial suspension (106/ml) or sterile water (controls). After 6 months of growth, shoot dry weight was signiicantly higher for control plants (24.2 g) than for those inoculated with C. parva (16.5 g), but did not differ between rootstock varieties. Root dry weight was not signiicantly affected by C. parva inoculation, but root dry weight of 101-14 was signiicantly higher than other rootstocks. Incidence and severity of trunk infection were signiicantly affected by rootstock variety, being lowest in rootstock 101-14 plants than other rootstocks. None of the rootstocks tested was resistant to this pathogen. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Brown, D. S. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Barclay, C. J. AU - Jones, E. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agusti-Brisach, C., Alaniz, S., Gramaje, D., Perez-Sierra, A., Armengol, J., Landeras, E., Izquierdo, P.M., First report of cylindrocladiella parva and c Peruviana associated with blackfoot disease of grapevine in spain (2012) Plant Disease, 96, p. 1381; Bleach, C., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M., Survey of black foot disease in new zealand vineyards (2007) Australian & New Zealand Grapegrower and Winemaker, 525, pp. 53-54; Boesewinkel, H.J., Cylindrocladiella, a new genus to accommodate cylindrocladium parvum and other small spored species of cylindrocladium (1982) Canadian Journal of Botany, 60, pp. 2288-2294; Boniglioli, R., New zealand update on black foot disease (2005) Australian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker, 499, pp. 23-26; Crous, P.W., Taxonomy and pathology of cylindrocladium and allied genera (2002) American Phytopathological Society, p. 294. , St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; Gadgil, P.D., Dick, M.A., Hood, I.A., Pennycook, S.R., (2005) Fungi On Trees And Shrubs In New Zealand, p. 437. , Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong; Jaspers, M.V., Bleach, C.M., Harvey, I.C., Susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to cylindrocarpon disease (2007) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 46, p. 114; Jaspers mv (2010) Cylindrocarpon Black Foot Disease Of Grapevines, p. 50. , Final report for New Zealand Winegrowers (NZW 05-106/2). Lincoln University, New Zealand; Jones, E.E., Brown, D.S., Bleach, C.M., Pathrose, B., Barclay, C., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., First report of cylindrocladiella parva as a grapevine pathogen in new zealand (2012) Plant Disease, 96 (1), p. 144; Probst, C., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Cylindrocarpon black foot in nurseries -two factors that affect infection (2012) Australasian Plant Pathology, 41, pp. 157-163; Scattolin, L., Montecchio, L., First report of damping-off of common oak plantlets caused by cylindrocladiella parva in italy (2007) Plant Disease, 91, p. 771; Van Coller, G.J., Denman, S., Groenewald, J.Z., Lamprecht, S.C., Crous, P.W., Characterisation and pathogenicity of Cylindrocladiella spp associated with root and cutting rot symptoms of grapevines in nurseries (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34 (4), pp. 489-498. , DOI 10.1071/AP05058 PY - 2013 SP - 249-253 ST - Susceptibility of four grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocladiella parva T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Susceptibility of four grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocladiella parva UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885989042&partnerID=40&md5=e4efe45bf5814fe40b3476ee119d5773 VL - 66 ID - 214 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New Zealand lower thrips (NZFT, Thrips obscuratus (Crawford)) were exposed to a range of ethyl formate (EF) and pyrethrum-based postharvest treatments on apricots. Research showed that EF+CO2 or EF+N2 were effective treatments against NZFT and caused negligible damage to apricot fruit quality. However, pyrethrum dipping did not effectively control NZFT and caused signiicant internal damage to apricot fruit. Lethal concentration (LC99) estimates were developed for adult and larval NZFT using a range of EF concentrations (0-1.27% EF+CO2) and temperatures (5, 15 and 25°C). It is estimated that treatments of 1% (30.7 g/m3) EF at 5 or 25°C or a higher concentration of 1.5% (46.3 g/m3) at 15°C will achieve 99% mortality of NZFT adults and larvae on apricot fruit with 95% conidence. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Grifin, M. J. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Poulton, J. AU - Zulhendri, F. AU - Feng, R. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Davis, V. A. AU - Olsson, S. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Kean, A. M. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Code of federal regulations, food and drugs ofice of the federal register (1993) National Archives and Records Administration, , Anonymous Washington DC, USA; Chambers, J.M., Hastie, T.J., (1992) Statistical Models in S. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, , Paciic Grove, CA, USA; DeLima, F., Fumigation of table grapes with ethyl formate against quarantine pests (2006) Proceedings of the Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, 1, p. 97. , Orlando, Florida, USA, 6-9 November 2006; DeLima, F., Fumigation of citrus using ethyl formate + carbon dioxide as a quarantine treatment (2010) Western Australia, Department of Agriculture and Food, p. 34. , Canberra, Australia; Desmarchelier, J.M., Ethyl formate and formic acid: Occurrence and environmental fate (1999) Postharvest News and Information, 10, pp. 7-12; Grifin, M.J., Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Davis, V.A., Zulhendri, F., Connolly, P.G., The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 54-62; Hallagan, J., Hall, R., Fema gras - A gras assessment program for lavor ingredients (1995) Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 21, pp. 422-430; Hiroyasu, T., Shibanuma, C., Ishii, H., Yamada, R., Nakamura, C., Studies on the sugars, organic acids and volatile components in grape-berries (1972) Technical Bulletin Facility of Horticulture, Chiba University, 20, pp. 51-60; Jamieson, L.E., Meier, X., Page, B., Zulhendri, F., Page-Weir, N., Brash, D., McDonald, R.M., Woolf, A.B., A review of postharvest disinfestation technologies for selected fruits and vegetables report to horticulture nz (2009) Plant & Food Research Client, p. 167. , Report No.36072.Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Feng, R., Olsson, S., Zulhendri, F., Chhagan, A., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of new zealand lower thrips -pilot study report for summerfruit new zealand (2011) Plant &Food Research Client, p. 20. , Report No.5754.Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Lawrence, L., Vapormate-an environmentally friendly fumigant (2005) Outlooks on Pest Management, 16, pp. 114-115; Mitcham, E.J., Bikoba, V., Arpaia, M.L., Morse, J., Control of bean thrips in navel oranges using ethyl formate fumigation for export to australia (2007) Methyl bromide alternatives presentation., , http://ucanr.org/sites/phmba/Alternative-fumigants-Ethyl-Formate, /[accessed 29 April2003]; (2012) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , R Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.ISBN 3-900051-07-0.http://www.R-project.org/; Ryan, R., Bishop, S., VAPORMATE™: Nonlammable ethyl formate/liquid carbon dioxide fumigant mixture (2003) Stored grain in Australia 2003.Proceedings of the Australian Postharvest Technical Conference, pp. 190-192. , In: Wright EJ, Webb MC, Highley E ed. Canberra, 25-27 June 2003; (2008) SAS/STAT Guide Version 9.2, , SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E.J., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (4), pp. 1084-1090. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1084:EFAAPF]2.0.CO;2; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Mitcham, E.J., Effects of ethyl formate on fruit quality and target pest mortality for harvested strawberries (2004) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 34 (3), pp. 313-319. , DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.05.015, PII S0925521404001437; Vincent, L.E., Lindgren, D.L., Hydrogen phosphide and ethyl formate-fumigation of insects infesting dates and other dried fruits (1972) Journal of Economic Entomology, 65, pp. 1667-1669 PY - 2013 SP - 63-74 ST - Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885980513&partnerID=40&md5=c1cf6e3bba1c918327a1399e17b30062 VL - 66 ID - 213 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Soil sampling in a cereal crop near Southbridge, Canterbury, revealed dipteran larvae attacking Costelytra zealandica (White) pupae. Approximately 50% of the pupae had larvae associated with them. DNA sequencing analysis of larval specimens indicated they most likely belonged to the family Dolichopodidae. Larval specimens were reared through to adults and were identiied as Ostenia robusta (Hutton) (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). This is the irst record of the association of O. robusta larvae with C. zealandica pupae. A general description of the adult and larva of this species is provided, along with DNA sequencing data and observations on its association with C. zealandica pupae. The potential role of O. robusta in regulating populations of C. zealandica is briely considered. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Chynoweth, R. J. AU - Marris, J. W. M. AU - Armstrong, K. F. AU - Chomic, A. AU - Linton, J. AU - Chapman, R. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Armstrong, K., Dna barcoding for plant biosecurity: A new module in new zealand's diagnostic toolbox (2010) EPPO Bulletin, 40 (1), pp. 91-100; Bickel, D.J., Sciapodinae, medeterinae (insecta: Diptera) with a generic review of the dolichopodidae (1992) Fauna of New Zealand, 23, p. 74; Cameron, P.J., Wigley, P.J., Costelytra zealandica (white), grass grub (coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1989) A Review Of Biological Control Of Invertebrate Pests And Weeds In New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 9-16. , In: Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK and DSIR Auckland, New Zealand; Dyte, C.E., Some interesting habitats of larval dolichopodidae (diptera) (1959) Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 95, pp. 139-143; East, R., King, P.D., Watson, R.N., Population studies of grass grub (costelytra zealandica) and black beetle (heteronychus arator) (coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1981) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 4, pp. 56-64; Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., Vrijenhoek, R., Dna primers for ampliication of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i from diverse metazoan invertebrates (1994) Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, pp. 294-299; Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L., DeWaard, J.R., Biological identifications through DNA barcodes (2003) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270 (1512), pp. 313-321. , DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2218; Jackson, T.A., Alves, S.B., Pereira, R., Success in biological control of soil-dwelling insects with pathogens and nematodes (2000) Biological Control: A global perspective, pp. 160-168. , In: Vincent C, Goettel MS, Lazarovits G ed. CAB Publishing, Wallingford, UK; Johnson, V.W., Pearson, J.F., Jackson, T.A., Formulation of serratia entomophila for biological control of grass grub (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 125-127; Marshall sa (2012) Flies: The Natural History And Diversity Of Diptera, p. 616. , Firely Books, Canada; Pollet, M.A.A., Brooks, S.E., Long-legged lies (diptera: Dolichopodidae) (2008) Encyclopaedia of Entomology, pp. 2232-2241. , In: Capinera JL ed. 2nd Edition. Springer, The Netherlands; Urlich, H., Predation by adult dolichopididae(diptera); a review of literature with an annotated prey-predator list (2004) Studia Dipterologica, 11, pp. 369-403; Zydenbos, S.M., Barratt, B.I.P., Bell, N.L., Ferguson, C.M., Gerard, P.J., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Jackson, T.A., The impact of invertebrate pests on pasture persistence and their interrelationships with biotic and abiotic factors (2011) Pasture Persistence -Grassland Research and Practice Series, 15, pp. 109-118 PY - 2013 SP - 157-161 ST - Predation by Ostenia robusta on Costelytra zealandica pupae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Predation by Ostenia robusta on Costelytra zealandica pupae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886058468&partnerID=40&md5=32b223bc671f5a85a2f94119ad1109e6 VL - 66 ID - 199 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Globally, the thistle tribe, Cardueae (Asteraceae), contains approximately 2,500 species, of which at least 339 have weed status. In New Zealand, 63 of these are present, but only nine are recognised problems, with the remainder being potential threats or "sleeper weeds". To evaluate these potential threats, the 339 global thistle weeds were ranked from most to least important, based on an assigned Index of Weed Importance, and grouped into ive weed importance categories: Extreme, High, Moderate, Low and Minor. Of the global species in these categories, 94%, 56%, 28%, 19% and 7%, respectively, are present in New Zealand, and mitigating the most serious potential threats would be prudent. An option is the novel use of classical biological control agents that specialise on the thistle tribe, rather than speciic target species. This is feasible for New Zealand because in the tribe Cardueae there are no natives and few economically-valued exotic species. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Cripps, M. G. AU - Bourdôt, G. W. AU - Fowler, S. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allen, F.C., Harrison, R.A., Grecian thistle phenology and control (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 70-74; Barratt, B.I.P., Howarth, F.G., Withers, T.M., Kean, J.M., Ridley, G.S., Progress in risk assessment for classical biological control (2010) Biological Control, 52, pp. 245-254; Bourdot, G.W., Fowler, S.V., Edwards, G.R., Kriticos, D.J., Kean, J.M., Rahman, A., Parsons, A.J., Pastoral weeds in New Zealand: Status and potential solutions (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50 (2), pp. 139-161; Cheeseman T, F., The naturalised plants of the auckland provincial district (1882) Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 15, pp. 268-298; Cockayne, A.H., Impure seed: The source of our weed problem (1912) Journal of the Department of Agriculture, 4, pp. 437-443; Cripps, M.G., Gassmann, A., Fowler, S.V., Bourdot, G.W., McClay, A.S., Edwards, G.R., Classical biological control of cirsium arvense: Lessons from the past (2011) Biological Control, 57, pp. 165-174; DiTomaso, J.M., Kyser, G.B., Pitcairn, M.J., (2006) Yellow Starthistle Management Guide, p. 78. , California Invasive Plant Council, Berkeley, CA; Duncan, R.P., Williams, P.A., Darwin's naturalization hypothesis challenged (2002) Nature, 417, pp. 608-609; Fowler, S.V., Paynter, Q., Hayes, L., Dodd, S., Groeteman, R., (2010) Biocontrol Of Weeds In New Zealand: An Overview Of Nearly 85 Years, pp. 211-214. , In: Zydenbos SM ed. Seventeenth Australasian Weeds Conference. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Chirstchurch, New Zealand; Groves, R.H., Are some weeds sleeping? Some concepts and reasons (2006) Euphytica, 148 (1-2), pp. 111-120. , DOI 10.1007/s10681-006-5945-5, Plant Breeding and Crop Domestication as Sources of New Invasive Species; (2013) National Plant Pest Accord, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/nppa, Ministry For Primary Industries accessed 31 March 2013); Popay, A.I., Rahman, A., James, T.K., Future changes in new zealand hill country pasture weeds (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 99-105; Popay, I., Champion, P., James, T., (2010) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand, p. 416. , New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand; Randall, R.P., (2012) A Global Compendium of Weeds, p. 1119. , Department of Agriculture and Food, Perth, Western Australia; Reichard, S., (2001) Search For Patterns That Enable Prediction Of Invasion, pp. 10-19. , In: Groves RH, Panetta FD, Virtue JG ed. Weed risk assessment. CSIRO, Collingwood, Australia; Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., The families and genera of vascular plants (2007) Tribe Cardueae Cass. (1819), pp. 123-147. , In: Kubitzki K ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R., Garnock-Jones, P.J., Flora of New Zealand (1988) DSIR, p. 1365. , Botany Division, Christchurch, New Zealand; Williams, P.A., Popay, I., Gatehouse, H.A.W., New zealand biosecurity legislation and the naturalization of exotic weeds (2010) Plant Protection Quarterly, 25, pp. 95-98 PY - 2013 SP - 99-104 ST - Sleeper thistles in New Zealand: Status and biocontrol potential T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Sleeper thistles in New Zealand: Status and biocontrol potential UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886080615&partnerID=40&md5=d4165642dc881ff950e5276cd9832f2d VL - 66 ID - 206 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Follas, G. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2013 SP - xii-xiii ST - Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885964157&partnerID=40&md5=a58ce9ecf9176171707acfe32c80fe3b VL - 66 ID - 217 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Copper sprays are known to have protectant activity against the bacterial disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), but their longevity on kiwifruit vines was unknown. Commercial copper sprays were applied using a moving head tracksprayer to the fruit, foliage and canes of Hayward kiwifruit after which simulated rain was applied in incremental amounts up to 100 mm. The copper sprays were moderately resistant to rain wash-off on leaves with at least 25 mm of rain required to remove 50% of the initial residues. Copper sprays applied to both kiwifruit canes and fruit were highly resistant to rain washoff with up to 100% of the initial spray deposits still present after 50 mm of rain. Up to four sequential copper sprays on fruit are unlikely to exceed maximum residue limits for fruit even in the absence of rain. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Horgan, D. B. AU - Steele, K. D. AU - Van Leeuwen, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Gaskin, R.E., Steele, K.D., Forster, W.A., Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 179-183; Keeney, F.N., Valcore, D.L., Rain simulator for laboratory evaluation of pesticide rainfastness (1996) Pesticide Formulation and Application Systems, 16, pp. 57-73. , In: Hopkinson MJ, Collins HM, Goss GR ed. . STP 1312. ASTM, USA; (2012), http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/91434, KVH. Copper Research Update. accessed 07 March 2013); Menkissoglu, O., Lindow, S.E., Chemical forms of copper on leaves in relation to the bactericidal activity of cupric hydroxide deposits on plants (1991) Phytopathology, 81, pp. 1263-1270; Vanneste, J.L., Kay, C., Onorato, R., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Spinelli, F., Max, S., Recent advances in the characterisation and control of pseudomonas syringaepv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit (2011) ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 913. , In: Costa G, Ferguson AR ed. VII International Symposium on Kiwifruit, Faenza, Italy PY - 2013 SP - 199-203 ST - The effect of rainfall on copper spray residues on kiwifruit foliage, fruit and canes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of rainfall on copper spray residues on kiwifruit foliage, fruit and canes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885975747&partnerID=40&md5=6ec8bf154a93b052a9fb022e783745ac VL - 66 ID - 218 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of canopy density on eficiency of spray deposition on kiwifruit pergola canopies. A dense canopy was pruned to also provide medium and lighter density canopies. Airblast sprays (water + luorescent dye) were applied in typical dilute application volumes to the three canopies. Deposits were measured at four height positions through the canopy in both the centre-of-row and leader zones. Mean deposits on the dense canopy (at 2000 litres/ha) were inadequate and lowest in all zones; approximately 40% less than the medium (1500 litres/ha) and light (1000 litres/ha) canopies. This suggests dense pergola canopies cannot be adequately covered by protectant sprays applied in the typical dilute volumes used by the kiwifruit industry, even with good sprayer setup. Spray deposits on all foliage zones in the medium and light canopies were generally acceptable conirming that pergola canopies can be fully protected with groundapplied sprays if they are managed to reduce their density. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Manktelow, D. W. AU - Cook, S. AU - May, W. A. AU - Van Leeuwen, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Manktelow, D., Gaskin, R., May, W., Cook, S., Sprayers versus canopies: Getting the best possible performance from kiwifruit spray applications (2012) New Zealand Kiwifruit Journal, pp. 24-29. , May/June; Max, W., Max, S., Best use of agrichemicals to manage psa. An analysis of spray diary data (2013) New Zealand Kiwifruit Journal, pp. 48-51. , January/February PY - 2013 SP - 194-198 ST - Effects of canopy density on spray deposition in kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effects of canopy density on spray deposition in kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885982112&partnerID=40&md5=cc0940ed0d950ac3c700ff8ce53a7b6a VL - 66 ID - 198 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A ield trial was conducted in Palmerston North to compare autumn applications of several translocated herbicides for great bindweed (Calystegia silvatica) control in riparian zones. Regrowth in the following spring showed that a triclopyr/picloram/ aminopyralid mixture, a 2,4-D/dicamba mixture and aminopyralid by itself were the three most effective treatments, though none gave complete control. Glyphosate provided partial control whereas metsulfuron and clopyralid provided poor control. These and two other herbicides were further assessed in a glasshouse trial in which they were applied to leaves either on the upper or lower half of plants to compare eficacy. The relative effectiveness of these herbicides on great bindweed was similar to that found in the ield. Most herbicides had similar eficacy whether applied to upper or lower parts in autumn, except glyphosate, which was more effective applied to upper plant parts. Implications for control of great bindweed in riparian plantings are discussed. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Gawn, T. L. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Matthew, C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Gawn, T.L., (2013) Aspects Of The Biology, Taxonomy And Control Of Calystegia Silvatica, p. 119. , Masters thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Harrington, K.C., Gregory, S.J., (2009) Field Assessment Of Herbicides To Release Native Plants From Weeds, 62, pp. 368-373. , New Zealand Plant Protection; O'Connor, B.P., (1984), p. 228. , New Zealand agrichemical manual. Agpress, Masterton, New Zealand; Ogden, H., (1978) Variation in Calystegia R. Br. (Convolvulaceae), 16, pp. 123-140. , New Zealand Journal of Botany; Rahman, A., Sanders, P., Herbicides for control of two bindweed species (calystegia silvaticum and convolvulus arvensis) in asparagus (1992) Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 27-30; Willeke, L., Kraehmer, H., Gerhards, R., Claupein, W., Seasonal variation of the sprouting ability of rhizome/root buds and concentrations of storage compounds in calystegia sepium (l. )r. Br. And convolvulus arvensis l (2012) Proceedings of the 25th German Conference on Weed Biology and Weed Control, pp. 694-701; Williams, P.A., (2009) Biological Summaries Of Bindweeds (Calystegia) And Other Climbers, p. 17. , Landcare Research, Nelson, New Zealand; Wilson-Davey, J., James, T., Rahman, A., (2009) Management And Control Of Greater Bindweed (Calystegia Silvatica) In Riparian Margins In New Zealand, p. 53. , Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand PY - 2013 SP - 94-98 ST - Susceptibility of great bindweed (Calystegia silvatica)to herbicides T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Susceptibility of great bindweed (Calystegia silvatica)to herbicides UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886007994&partnerID=40&md5=8ab882bef788207cc3e304d00aa11d8a VL - 66 ID - 207 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two species of Philobota (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) have been conirmed to be present in New Zealand. These are P. chionoptera found near Napier and Cape Kidnappers and an unnamed species ANIC5 belonging to the P. hydara group found at Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton. In spring 2012, a light trap conirmed the presence of a selfsustaining population of the latter at Ruakura. Emergence commenced 1 October, peaked on 30 October and the last moth was trapped on 3 December. Prior to the peak, males dominated the female population by 15:1, while after the peak the ratio was reduced to 1.4:1. Both mated and unmated females were collected and the maximum fecundity was 120 eggs. The moth was conirmed at a site 2 km from the Research Centre. A parasitoid, Anacis sp. (Ichneumonidae: Cryptini), was collected in a cage containing Philobota sp. ANIC5 pupae. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Gerard, P. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, P.T., (2007) Pests of Field Crops and Pastures: Identiication and Control, p. 528. , CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia; (2008), www.cesaraustralia.com/sustainableagriculture/pestfacts-south-eastern/ pastissues/2008/pestfacts-issue-no-5-30thjune-2008/pasture-tunnel-moth/, CESAR PestFacts Issue No 5 -30th June 2008 accessed 9 April 2013); (2009), www.cesaraustralia.com/sustainable-agriculture/pestfacts-southeastern/ past-issues/2009/pestfacts-issue-no-5-1st-july-2009/pasture-tunnel-moth/, CESAR PestFacts South Eastern Issue No 5 -1st July 2009 accessed 9 April 2013); (1990) Moths of Australia, p. 576. , Common IFB. Brian Prior Anderson, Burwood, Victoria, Australia; (1997) Oecophorine Genera of Australia, 2: The Chezala, Philobota and Eulechria groups, p. 407. , Common IFB (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). Oecophorine genera of Australia, 2 The Chezala Philobota and Eulechria groups (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) CSIRO Publishing Collingwood Victoria Australia; Larsen, E., Calabrese, J.M., Rhainds, M., Fagan, W.F., How protandry and protogyny affect female mating failure: A spatial population model (2013) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 146, pp. 130-140; Mansield, S., Kriticos, D.J., Potter, K.J.B., Watson, M.C., Parasitism of gum leaf skeletoniser (uraba lugens) in new zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 191-196; Moate, P.J., Williams, S.R.O., Grainger, C., Hannah, M.C., Mapleson, D., Auldist, M.J., Greenwood, J.S., Wales, W.J., (2012) Effects of Wild-Type, AR1 and AR37; Endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass on dairy production in victoria, australia Animal Production Science, 52, pp. 1117-1130; Popay, A.J., Gunawardana, D., Philobota sp. (lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a potential new pasture pest in new zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, p. 285. , (abstract only); Popay, A.J., Silvester, W.B., Gerard, P.J., New endophyte isolate suppresses root aphid, aploneura lentisci, in perennial ryegrass (2004) 5th International Symposium on Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions, p. 317. , In: Kallenbach R, Rosenkrans CJ, Lock TR ed Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA; Roberts, R.J., The timing and duration of the crepuscular lights and mating of the pasture tunnel moth philobota productella (walk. ) (lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) (1982) Proceedings of the 3rd Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 57-61; Roberts, R.J., Schroder, P., Davies, H.I., Porter, M.R., Philobota (lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) abundance in relation to different periods of withholding superphosphate application to pastures (1982) Proceedings of the 3rd Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 309-312; Entomology pestfacts issue (2008) SARDI 2009. Entomology PestFacts Issue, 11 (5). , www.sardi.sa.gov.au/data/assets/pd-file/0007/78595/pestfacts-issue-5- 2008.pdf, SARDI August 14th 2008(accessed 9 April 2013); (2009), www.sardi.sa.gov.au/-data/assets/pdf-file/0011/121124/ PestFacts-Issue-11-2009.pdf, Nov 6th, accessed 9 April 2013); (2010) Entomology PestFacts Issue, (5). , SARDI; (2010), www.sardi.sa.gov.au/-data/assets/pdf-file/0006/138084/ PestFacts-Issue-5-2010.pdf, July 13th accessed 9 April 2013); (2011) Entomology PestFacts Issue, (5). , SARDI; (2011), www.sardi.sa.gov.au/-data/assets/pdf-file/0006/156633/ PestFacts-Issue-5-2011.pdf, July 11th accessed 9 April 2013)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886030648&partnerID=40&md5=1cfb1c0fe145a94c64a12cac565bb8c3 PY - 2013 SP - 148-152 ST - Observations on Philobota sp. (Lepidoptera:Oecophoridae) near Hamilton in 2012 T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Observations on Philobota sp. (Lepidoptera:Oecophoridae) near Hamilton in 2012 VL - 66 ID - 242 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The introduced parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) appears to be an effective biocontrol agent for clover root weevil Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand pastures. As these pastures lack accessible nectar sources, hemipteran honeydew may be the most readily available energy source for the parasitoid. Experiments were undertaken to compare longevity of newly emerged M. aethiopoides adults caged on white clover, irstly with and without black legume aphid Aphis craccivora Kock (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and then with additional water and sucrose solution treatments. Parasitoids with access to aphid honeydew lived signiicantly longer (mean longevity 8.1 days) than those with water or no liquid (both 6.8 days) but not as long as those fed sucrose solution (10.9 days). Therefore the abundance of aphids commonly present on clovers may enhance M. aethiopoides longevity and therefore eficacy, in the ield, especially in mid spring when host availability is very low. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Carswell, K. R. AU - Eden, T. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Early impact of endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (hymenoptera: Braconidae) after its establishment in Listronotus bonariensis (coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations of northern New Zealand pastures (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (2), pp. 273-287; Barratt, B.I.P., Evans, A.A., Ferguson, C.M., Barker, G.M., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Laboratory Nontarget Host Range of the Introduced Parasitoids Microctonus aethiopoides and M hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Compared with Field Parasitism in New Zealand (1997) Environmental Entomology, 26 (3), pp. 694-702; England, S., Evans, E.W., Effects of Pea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Honeydew on Longevity and Fecundity of the Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (1997) Environmental Entomology, 26 (6), pp. 1437-1441; Faria, C.A., Wackers, F.L., Turlings, T.C.J., The nutritional value of aphid honeydew for non-aphid parasitoids (2008) Basic and Applied Ecology, 9 (3), pp. 286-297. , DOI 10.1016/j.baae.2007.02.001, PII S1439179107000151; Fuchsberg, J.R., Yong, T.-H., Losey, J.E., Carter, M.E., Hoffmann, M.P., Evaluation of corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis; Homoptera: Aphididae) honeydew as a food source for the egg parasitoid Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (2007) Biological Control, 40 (2), pp. 230-236. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.10.009, PII S1049964406002817; Gerard, P.J., Wilson, D.J., Eden, T.M., Clover root weevil biocontrol distribution in the north island -release tactics and outcomes (2010) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 72, pp. 85-89; Gerard, P.J., Wilson, D.J., Eden, T.M., Field release, establishment and initial dispersal of irish microctonus aethiopoides in sitona lepidus populations in northern new zealand pastures (2011) BioControl, 56, pp. 861-870; Goldson, S.L., McNeill, M.R., Profitt, J.R., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Barratt, B.I.P., Ferguson, C.M., Systematic mass rearing and release of microtonus hyperodae (hym. : Braconidae, euphorinae), a parasitoid of the argentine stem weevil listronotus bonariensis (col. : Curculionidae) and records of its establishment in new zealand (1993) Entomophaga, 38, pp. 527-536; Goldson, S.L., McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., Barratt, B.I.P., Host specificity testing and suitability of a European biotype of the braconid parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides as a biological control agent against Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand (2005) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 15 (8), pp. 791-813. , DOI 10.1080/09583150500136444, PII Q81265078711Q315; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Baird, D.B., Establishment and Phenology of the Parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in New Zealand (1998) Environmental Entomology, 27 (6), pp. 1386-1392; Lee, J.C., Heimpel, G.E., Leibee, G.L., Comparing floral nectar and aphid honeydew diets on the longevity and nutrient levels of a parasitoid wasp (2004) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111 (3), pp. 189-199. , DOI 10.1111/j.0013-8703.2004.00165.x; McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Phillips, C.B., Addison, P.J., A description of the commercial rearing and distribution of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for biological control of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2002) Biological Control, 24 (2), pp. 167-175. , DOI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00018-X, PII S104996440200018X; Mulholland, R.I., The incidence of rhopalosiphum padi (l. ) and barley yellow dwarf virus in canterbury wheat crops in 1962 and 1963 (1964) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, pp. 611-618; Phillips, C.B., Inluence of liquid food on fecundity and longevity of microctonus hyperodae loan (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 23-27; Phillips, C.B., Profitt, J.R., Goldson, S.L., Potential to enhance the eficacy of microctonus hyperodae loan (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 16-22; Vattala, H.D., Wratten, S.D., Phillips, C.B., Wackers, F.L., The influence of flower morphology and nectar quality on the longevity of a parasitoid biological control agent (2006) Biological Control, 39 (2), pp. 179-185. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.06.003, PII S1049964406001654 PY - 2013 SP - 153-156 ST - Effect of black legume aphid Aphis craccivora honeydew on survival of the parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of black legume aphid Aphis craccivora honeydew on survival of the parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886000364&partnerID=40&md5=4ee570010d2a364981e6a11e532b0947 VL - 66 ID - 197 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Plants were obtained from two populations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and three populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from different vineyards in Marlborough and Nelson that were suspected of being resistant to glyphosate following many consecutive applications of this herbicide over recent years. Each population was multiplied by splitting out tillers, and this was also done for plants taken from a population of each species from Manawatu pastures where they had not been exposed to glyphosate application. A dose-response experiment showed that four populations taken from the vineyards were about 10 times as resistant to glyphosate as those plants that had not been previously exposed to the herbicide. The experiment was repeated and showed one perennial ryegrass population to have a 30-fold level of resistance. These are the irst conirmed cases of glyphosate resistance within New Zealand. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Ghanizadeh, H. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - James, T. K. AU - Woolley, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beckie, H.J., Heap, I.M., Smeda, R.J., Hall, L.M., Screening for herbicide resistance of weeds (2000) Weed Technology, 14, pp. 428-445; Bradshaw, L.D., Padgette, S.R., Kimball, S.L., Wells, B.H., Perspectives on glyphosate resistance (1997) Weed Technology, 11 (1), pp. 189-198; Dastgheib, F., Frampton, C., Weed management practices in apple orchards and vineyards in the South Island of New Zealand (2000) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 28 (1), pp. 53-58; Franz, J.E., Mao, M.K., Sikorski, J.A., (1997) Glyphosate: A unique global herbicide., p. 653. , American Chemical Society, Washington DC, USA; Harrington, K.C., Avoiding herbicide resistance problems (2012) Romeo Bragato Winegrowers Conference, Blenheim, 24; (2012), http://weeds.massey.ac.nz/resist.asp, August accessed 23 April 2013). Heap I 2013.International survey of herbicide resistant weeds.http://www.weedscience.com (accessed 7 April 2013); Jasieniuk, M., Ahmad, R., Sherwood, A.M., Firestone, J.L., Perez-Jones, A., Lanini, W.T., Mallory-Smith, C., Stednick, Z., Glyphosate-resistant italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) in california: Distribution, response to glyphosate, and molecular evidence for an altered target enzyme (2008) Weed Science, 56, pp. 496-502; Knezevic, S.Z., Streibig, J.C., Ritz, C., Utilizing R software package for dose-response studies: The concept and data analysis (2007) Weed Technology, 21 (3), pp. 840-848. , DOI 10.1614/WT-06-161.1; Nandula, V.K., (2010) Glyphosate Resistance In Crops And Weeds: History Development And Management, p. 321. , John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, USA; Perez, A., Kogan, M., Glyphosate-resistant Lolium multiflorum in Chilean orchards (2003) Weed Research, 43 (1), pp. 12-19. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00311.x; Powles, S.B., Lorraine-Colwill, D.F., Dellow, J.J., Preston, C., Evolved resistance to glyphosate in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia (1998) Weed Science, 46 (5), pp. 604-607; Preston, C., Wakelin, A.M., Dolman, F.C., Bostamam, Y., Boutsalis, P., A decade of glyphosateresistant lolium around the world: Mechanisms, genes, itness, and agronomic management (2009) Weed Science, 57, pp. 435-441; Simarmata, M., Bughrara, S., Penner, D., Inheritance of glyphosate resistance in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) from California (2005) Weed Science, 53 (5), pp. 615-619. , DOI 10.1614/WS-04-187R.1; Wakelin, A.M., Preston, C., A target-site mutation is present in a glyphosate-resistant Lolium rigidum population (2006) Weed Research, 46 (5), pp. 432-440. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2006.00527.x; Yanniccari, M., Istilart, C., Gimenez, D.O., Castro, A.M., Glyphosate resistance in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l) from argentina (2012) Crop Protection, 32, pp. 12-16 PY - 2013 SP - 89-93 ST - Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886062450&partnerID=40&md5=e2db5d0ff27087a021967c2c20479c24 VL - 66 ID - 210 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ethyl formate (EF) is a 'generally recognised as safe' (GRAS) compound that can be applied as a fumigant to disinfest fresh produce. This paper reports initial research to determine the dose responses of various pests to ethyl formate+carbon dioxide treatment during 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-h treatments at ambient temperatures between 18 and 23°C. Thrips (mixtures of Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis) on lupin lowers, obscure mealybugs (Pseudococcus viburni) on potatoes, and greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax) on potatoes were more susceptible than either lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) eggs on plastic and ifth instar larvae on apples, or codling moth (Cydia pomonella) second/ third instars and ifth instars on apples. Further eficacy studies are warranted to investigate the commercial viability of EF+CO2 treatment of fresh produce against other pests, effects on fruit quality, and commercial application logistics. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Grifin, M. J. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Poulton, J. AU - Davis, V. A. AU - Zulhendri, F. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aharoni, Y., Stewart, J.K., Guadagni, D.G., Mon, T.R., Thrips mortality and strawberry quality after vacuum fumigation with acetaldehyde or ethyl formate (1980) Journal of American Society Horticultural Science, 105, pp. 926-929; Chambers, J.M., Hastie, T.J., (1992) Statistical Models in S. Wadsworth and Brooks/Cole, , Paciic Grove, CA, USA; Chhagan, A., Jamieson, L.E., Grifin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Zulhendri, F., Feng, R., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of new zealand lower thrips (thrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 63-74; Damcevski, K.A., Dojchinov, G., Woodman, J.D., Haritos, V.S., Eficacy of vaporised ethyl formate/carbon dioxide formulation against stored-grain insects: Effect of fumigant concentration, exposure time and two grain temperatures (2010) Pest Management Science, 66 (4), pp. 432-438; De Lima, C.P.F., Fumigation of table grapes with ethyl formate against quarantine pests (2006) Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, , Orlando, Florida, USA, 6-9 November 200-6; http://www.mbao.org/2006/06Proceedings/097De- Limapaperontablegrapefumigation.pdf, (accessed 10 May 2013); De Lima, C., Fumigation of table grapes using ethyl formate + carbon dioxide as a quarantine treatment (2009) Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia., p. 53; De Lima, C., Fumigation trials of citrus using ethyl formate + carbon dioxide as a quarantine treatment (2010) Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia., p. 34; Ethyl formate and formic acid: Occurrence and environmental fate (1999) Postharvest News Information, 10, pp. 7-12; Finkelman, S., Lendler, E., Navarro, S., Navarro, H., Ashbell, G., New prospects for ethyl formate as a fumigant for the date industry (2010) 10th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, , Lisboa, Portugal; Haritos, V.S., Damceveski, K.A., Dojchinov, G., Improved eficacy of ethyl formate against stored grain insects by combination with carbon dioxide in a 'dynamic' application (2006) Pest Management Science, 62, pp. 325-333; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P.G., Poulton, J., Kean, A.M., The potential of using low oxygen and ethyl formate or ethyl acetate to disinfest fresh fruit in storage (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 45-53; Preisler, H.K., Robertson, J.L., Analysis of timedose-mortality data (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1534-1542; (2012) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , www.R-project.org, R Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria ( ISBN 3-900051-07-00; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Mitcham, E.J., Effects of ethyl formate on fruit quality and target pest mortality for harvested strawberries (2004) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 34 (3), pp. 313-319. , DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.05.015, PII S0925521404001437; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E.J., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (4), pp. 1084-1090. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1084:EFAAPF]2.0.CO;2; Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Hedderley, D.I., Somerfield, K.G., Brash, D.W., Efficacy of ethyl formate and ethyl acetate for the control of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (2007) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35 (2), pp. 267-274 PY - 2013 SP - 54-62 ST - The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885998878&partnerID=40&md5=9578e06ffb719d926dc5f2092816a0f2 VL - 66 ID - 239 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Over the last 10 years the National Invasive Ant Surveillance programme, which was established in 2003 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (now Ministry for Primary Industries) in New Zealand, has resulted in a number of exotic ant detections at the Napier sea port and surrounding facilities. The surveillance is designed to detect newly established nests of exotic ant species at high risk sites around New Zealand, such as shipping ports. Potential factors contributing to exotic ant detections such as import commodity pathways and local climatic conditions in Napier were analysed. The present analysis indicates ant arrival alone or propagule pressure does not necessarily result in establishment. Abiotic factors, such as temperature and rainfall, are likely to be the main factors contributing to successful ant nest establishment at Napier sea port compared to the Ports of Auckland and Tauranga. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Gunawardana, D. N. AU - Peacock, L. R. AU - Flynn, A. R. AU - Ashcroft, T. T. AU - Green, O. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ashcroft, T.T., Nendick, D., O'Connor, S.M., Sarty, M., Gunawardana, D.N., Weston, G., Managing the risk of invasive ants establishing in new zealand (2008) Surveillance for Biosecurity: Preborder to Pest management, pp. 151-160. , In: Froud KJ, Popay AI, Zydenbos SM ed. Proceedings of a symposium. The New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Incorporated), Hastings, New Zealand; Chen, Y., Hansen, L.D., Brown, J.J., Nesting sites of the carpenter ant, Camponotus vicinus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in northern Idaho (2002) Environmental Entomology, 31 (6), pp. 1037-1042; Don, W., (2007) Ants of New Zealand. Otago, p. 239. , University Press in association with Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand; (2005) Solenopsis Invicta, , http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=77, Global Invasive Species Database accessed 22 April 2013); Green, O.R., Entomologist sets new record at mt. Smart, or iridomyrmex humilis established in new zealand (1990) The Weta, 13, pp. 14-16; Harris, R.J., Barker, G., Relative risk of invasive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) establishing in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 34 (3), pp. 161-178; Harris, R., Invasive Ant Risk Assessment, , http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/data/assets/pdf-file/0019/51085/ ranking.pdf, Undated. accessed 22 April 2013); Hartley, S., Lester, P.J., Temperaturedependent development of the argentine ant, linepithema humile (mayr) (hymenoptera: Formicidae): A degree-day model with implication for range limits in new zealand (2003) New Zealand Entomologist, 26, pp. 91-100; Hoffman, B.D., Abbott, K.L., Davis, P., Invasive ant management (2010) Ant Ecology, pp. 287-304. , In: Lach L, Parr CL, Abbott KL ed. Oxford University Press Oxford, UK; Holldobler, B., Wilson, E.O., (1990) The Ants. The Belknap Press of Harvard, pp. 378-381. , University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Lester, P.J., Determinants for the successful establishment of exotic ants in New Zealand (2005) Diversity and Distributions, 11 (4), pp. 279-288. , DOI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00169.x; Linksvayer, T.A., Janssen, M.A., Traits underlying the capacity of ant colonies to adapt to disturbance and stress regimes (2009) Systems Research and Behavioural Science, 315, pp. 315-329; http://clilo.niwa.co.nz/, NIWA National Climate database. accessed April 2013); Nendick, D., Sarty, M., O'Connor, S., Rechenberg, G., Skucek, R., Paciic offshore container management programme (2006) Biosecurity, A Publication Of Biosecurity New Zealand., (70), pp. 4-6; Porter, S.D., Foraging in solenopsis invicta (hymenoptera: Formicidae): Effects of weather and season (1987) Environmental Entomology, 16, pp. 802-808; Porter, S.D., Impact of temperature on colony growth and development rate of the ant, solenopsis invicta (1988) Journal of Insect Physiology, 34, pp. 1127-1133; Roura-Pascual, N., Hui, C., Ikeda, T., Leday, G., Richardson, D.M., Relative roles of climatic suitability and anthropogenic inluence in determining the pattern of spread in a global invader (2011) Proceedings Of The National Academy of Science USA, 108, pp. 220-225; Stringer, L.D., Stephens, A.E.A., Suckling, D.M., Charles, J.G., Ant dominance in urban areas (2009) Urban Ecosystems, 12, pp. 503-514; Stringer, L.D., Suckling, D.M., Mattson, L.T.W., Peacock, L.R., Improving ant-surveillance trap design to reduce competitive exclusion (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 248-253; Sarty, M., Abbott, K.L., Lester, P.J., Habitat complexity facilitates coexistence in a tropical ant community (2006) Oecologia, 149 (3), pp. 465-473. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-006-0453-9; Valentine, E.W., Walker, A.K., (1991) Annotated Catalogue Of New Zealand Hymenoptera, p. 84. , DSIR Plant Protection Report 4. General Printing Services Ltd, Nelson, New Zealand; Vega, S.J., Rust, M.K., The argentine ant: A signiicant invasive species in agricultural, urban and natural environments (2001) Sociobiology, 37, pp. 3-25; Vogt, J.T., Smith, W.A., Grantham, R.A., Wright, R.E., Effects of temperature and season on foraging activity of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Oklahoma (2003) Environmental Entomology, 32 (3), pp. 447-451; Ward, D.F., Changes to the classiication of ants (hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2005) Weta, 30, pp. 16-18; Ward, D.F., Modelling the potential geographic distribution of invasive ant species in New Zealand (2007) Biological Invasions, 9 (6), pp. 723-735. , DOI 10.1007/s10530-006-9072-y; Ward, D.F., Beggs, J.R., Clout, M.N., Harris, R.J., O'Connor, S., The diversity and origin of exotic ants arriving in New Zealand via human-mediated dispersal (2006) Diversity and Distributions, 12 (5), pp. 601-609. , DOI 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00270.x; Ward, D., Green, C., Harris, R., Hartley, S., Lester, P., Stanley, M., Suckling, D., Toft, R., Twenty years of argentine ants in new zealand: Past research and future priorities for applied management (2010) New Zealand Entomologist, 33, pp. 68-78 PY - 2013 SP - 10-16 ST - Why is napier sea port a hot spot for invasive ants? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Why is napier sea port a hot spot for invasive ants? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886065160&partnerID=40&md5=d658d5ae39401bb04af8c80a779d69d5 VL - 66 ID - 227 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A trial was conducted on an organic dairy farm in Manawatu, New Zealand, to determine how well perennial weeds are controlled during pasture renewal. Changes in weed populations were monitored following three different non-chemical methods of regrassing. Regrassing by planting pasture 4 weeks after ploughing the old pasture ("grassto- grass") was compared for spring and autumn cultivation. The third method involved ploughing in spring, growing turnips over summer then regrassing in autumn. All three techniques caused signiicant increases in broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) populations. Although both these species regrew from vegetative organs, it was the establishment of new seedlings following cultivation that appeared to increase populations most. This build-up of dock seedlings occurred more when using a crop than just grass-to-grass systems. A 2-week fallow after ploughing gave better control of perennial weeds than having no fallow, but a 4-week fallow gave little further improvement. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Kemp, P. D. AU - Horne, D. J. AU - He, X. Z. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Daniel, W.W., (1990) Applied nonparametric statistics, p. 635. , PWS-Kent Publishing Company, Boston, USA; Hampton, J.G., Kemp, P.D., White, J.G.H., (1999) Pasture Establishment, pp. 101-115. , In: White JGH, Hodgson J ed. New Zealand pasture and crop science. Oxford University Press, Auckland, New Zealand; Harrington, K.C., Osborne, M.A., Kemp, P.D., Weed cover unaffected after converting a dairy farm to organic production (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 116-120; Harrington, K.C., Osborne, M.A., Kemp, P.D., Effect of 10 years of organic dairy farming on weed populations (2012) Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Weeds Conference, pp. 159-162; Harrington, K.C., Thatcher, A., Kemp, P.D., Mineral composition and nutritive value of some common pasture weeds (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 261-265; Matthews, P.N.P., Harrington, K.C., Hampton, J.G., (1999) Management Of Grazing Systems, pp. 153-174. , In: White JGH, Hodgson J ed. New Zealand pasture and crop science. Oxford University Press, Auckland, New Zealand; Melander, B., Holst, N., Rasmussen, I.A., Hansen, P.K., Direct control of perennial weeds between crops -implications for organic farming (2012) Crop Protection, 40, pp. 36-42; Ross, M.A., Lembi, C.A., (1985) Applied Weed Science, p. 340. , Burgess Publishing Co, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Seefeldt, S.S., Armstrong, M.L., Impact of perennial ryegrass seeding densities on weed emergence, growth and development (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 38-43 PY - 2013 SP - 110-117 ST - Weed population dynamics for contrasting organic pasture establishment techniques T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Weed population dynamics for contrasting organic pasture establishment techniques UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886037322&partnerID=40&md5=efb71239acdd350d916f45ac20092f96 VL - 66 ID - 225 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Analysis of kiwifruit industry pest monitoring and spray diary data showed increases in the incidence of leafroller larvae on fruit during crop monitoring in the 2011/12 season in regions with the virulent strain of the disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa-V). Four factors were considered as explanations: Psa-V infection and its effects on plant defences, leafroller sprays, Psa-V sprays and leafroller sampling. The most plausible cause of the increased leafroller incidence is Psa-V infection. A putative mechanism is hormonal 'cross-talk' resulting in a trade-off between pest and pathogen resistance. The susceptibility of vines to leafrollers in Psa-V-infected regions appears to persist for several weeks longer after fruit set than in uninfected vines. The paper discusses the need to develop a better understanding of the interactions of biotic and abiotic stressors on plant defence responses to pests and diseases and to incorporate these into a plant-defence-centred approach to Integrated Pest Management. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Hill, M. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agresti, A., Coull, B.A., Approximate is better than exact for interval estimation of binomial proportions (1998) American Statistician, 52, pp. 119-126; Atkinson, N.J., Urwin, P.E., The interaction of plant biotic and abiotic stresses: From genes to the ield (2012) Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, pp. 3523-3543; Bonaventure, G., VanDoorn, A., Baldwin, I.T., Herbivore-associated elicitors: Fac signaling and metabolism (2011) Trends in Plant Science, 16, pp. 294-299; Cao, F.Y., Yoshioka, K., Desveaux, D., The roles of aba in plant-pathogen interactions (2011) Journal of Plant Research, 124, pp. 489-499; Erb, M., Meldau, S., Howe, G.A., Role of phytohormones in insect-speciic plant reactions (2012) Trends in Plant Science, 17, pp. 250-259; Erb, M., Koellner, T.G., Degenhardt, J., Zwahlen, C., Hibbard, B.E., Turlings, T.C.J., The role of abscisic acid and water stress in root herbivore-induced leaf resistance (2011) New Phytologist, 189, pp. 308-320; Glazebrook, J., Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens (2005) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 43, pp. 205-227. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135923; Howe, G.A., Jander, G., Plant immunity to insect herbivores (2008) Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, pp. 41-66. , DOI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092825; Kay, C., Onorato, R., Gentili, A., Focus on elicitors. Actigardtm root drenching, residues and growth impact on hort16a (2012) Kiwifruit Journal, pp. 53-58. , November/Decenber; Lee, S.C., Luan, S., Aba signal transduction at the crossroad of biotic and abiotic stress responses (2012) Plant Cell and Environment, 35, pp. 53-60; Louis, J., Gobbato, E., Mondal, H.A., Feys, B.J., Parker, J.E., Shah, J., Discrimination of arabidopsis pad4 activities in defense against green peach aphid and pathogens (2012) Plant Physiology, 158, pp. 1860-1872; Mckenna, C.E., Stevens, P.S., A comparison of lepidopteran damage to 'Hort16A' and 'Hayward' kiwifruit (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 254-258; Pieterse, C.M.J., Van Der Does, D., Zamioudis, C., Leon-Reyes, A., Van Wees, S.C.M., Hormonal modulation of plant immunity (2012) Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 28, pp. 489-521. , In: Schekman R, Goldstein L, Lehmann R ed; Pineda, A., Zheng, S.J., Jjav, L., Dicke, M., Rhizobacteria modify plant-aphid interactions: A case of induced systemic susceptibility (2012) Plant Biology, 14, pp. 83-90; Robert-Seilaniantz, A., Grant M Jones, J.D.G., Hormone crosstalk in plant disease and defense: More than just jasmonatesalicylate antagonism. In: Vanalfen nk, bruening g, leach je ed (2011) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 49, pp. 317-343; Sarmento, R.A., Lemos, F., Dias, C.R., Kikuchi, W.T., Rodrigues, J.C., Pallini, A., Sabelis, M.W., Janssen, A., A herbivorous mite down-regulates plant defence and produces web to exclude competitors (2011) Plos One, 6, pp. e23757; Sarmento, R.A., Lemos, F., Bleeker, P.M., Schuurink, R.C., Pallini, A., Oliveira, M.G., Lima, E.R., Janssen, A., A herbivore that manipulates plant defence (2011) Ecology Letters, 14, pp. 229-236; Soler, R., Badenes-Perez, F.R., Broekgaarden, C., Zheng, S., David, A., Boland, W., Dicke, M., Plant-mediated facilitation between a leaffeeding and a phloem-feeding insect in a brassicaceous plant: From insect performance to gene transcription (2012) Functional Ecology, 26, pp. 156-166; Thaler, J.S., Humphrey, P.T., Whiteman, N.K., Evolution of jasmonate and salicylate signal crosstalk (2012) Trends in Plant Science, 17, pp. 260-270; Walters, D.R., Ratsep, J., Havis, N.D., Controlling crop diseases using induced resistance: Challenges for the future (2013) Journal of Experimental Botany, 64, pp. 1263-1280; Young, S., (2013) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 768. , ed. Agrimedia Ltd, Christchurch; Zarate, S.I., Kempema, L.A., Walling, L.L., Silverleaf whitefly induces salicylic acid defenses and suppresses effectual jasmonic acid defenses (2007) Plant Physiology, 143 (2), pp. 866-875. , http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/143/2/866.pdf, DOI 10.1104/pp.106.090035 PY - 2013 SP - 162-169 ST - Does Psa affect kiwifruit susceptibility to leafrollers? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Does Psa affect kiwifruit susceptibility to leafrollers? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886007669&partnerID=40&md5=8a46328c7dfc528788182d5f0d8a5edb VL - 66 ID - 229 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA) is a serious problem in Auckland and Northland kauri forests. Phosphorous acid (phosphite) is a potential treatment for infected or threatened trees. In vitro tests on phosphite-amended agar showed that PTA was more sensitive to phosphite than other Phytophthora species commonly controlled by this chemical. Before progressing to forest trials, phosphite eficacy was tested on PTA-inoculated kauri seedlings in the glasshouse. Two-year-old kauri seedlings were inoculated with PTA applied directly to trunk wounds or by soil application. Phosphite was applied as a foliar spray, as a trunk injection or as a soil drench either 5 days before or 5 days after inoculation. All untreated control trees died, whether trunk- or soil-inoculated. With phosphite injection, survival was 100% following PTA soil inoculation and 67% following trunk inoculation. Foliar spray and soil drench-applied phosphite treatments were less effective than trunk injection, although some trees survived. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Horner, I. J. AU - Hough, E. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beever, R.E., Waipara, N.W., Ramsield, T.D., Dick, M.A., Horner, I.J., Kauri (agathis australis) under threat from phytophthora? (2009) Proceedings of the 4th International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Working Party 7. 02. 09. Phytophthoras in forests and natural ecosystems, pp. 74-85. , Monterey, California, 26-31 August 2007. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-221. USDA, Forest Service; Hardy, G.E.St.J., Barrett, S., Shearer, B.L., The future of phosphite as a fungicide to control the soilborne plant pathogen phytophthora cinnamomi in natural ecosystems (2001) Australasian Plant Pathology, 30, pp. 133-139; Horner, I.J., The role of Phytophthora cinnamomi and other fungal pathogens in the establishment of kauri and kahikatea (1984) Plant Disease, 70, pp. 1038-1043. , MSc thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Jeffers SN, Martin SB 1986. Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Pythium species; Johnston, P.R., Horner, I.J., Beever, R.E., Phytophthora cinnamomi in new zealand's indigenous forests (2001) Phytophthora in Forests and Natural Ecosystems, pp. 41-48. , In: McComb JA, Hardy GEStJ, Tommerup IC ed. 2nd International IUFRO Working Party 7. 02. 09 Meeting, Albany, Western Australia. 30 September-5 October 2001. Murdoch University Print, Murdoch, Western Australia; Smillie, R., Grant, B.R., Guest, D., The mode of action of phosphite: Evidence for both direct and indirect modes of action on three phytophthora spp. In plants (1989) Phytopathology, 79, pp. 921-926 PY - 2013 SP - 242-248 ST - Phosphorous acid for controlling Phytophthora taxon agathis in kauri: glasshouse trials T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Phosphorous acid for controlling Phytophthora taxon agathis in kauri: glasshouse trials UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886074061&partnerID=40&md5=223ce9e53dbb49bfcd8b7c269abe4886 VL - 66 ID - 235 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Quarantine authorities often deal with imported food products containing ingredients of animal origin that can carry biosecurity hazards such as animal diseases. The New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) developed an Import Health Standard to manage this risk. The standard states that products must be heated to a speciied temperature for a speciied time (e.g. 110°C for 40 min) within hermetically sealed containers. However, it can be dificult to verify that products have been properly heat-treated, and a quick, easily-used test would assist with veriication. Possible targets of such a test are enzymes that are inactivated by high temperatures. This paper describes a modiied electrophoretic gel stain recipe for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) that enables testing of samples in tubes. In these experiments, non-heat-treated food products rapidly produced a coloured dye after being mixed with stain, but heat-treated products did not. Some imported foods intercepted by MPI were also evaluated. There is potential to develop similar tests for use on plant products and/or organisms associated with plant products to verify heat treatment has taken place. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Iline, I. I. AU - Novoselov, M. A. AU - Phillips, C. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Burnette, F.S., Flich Jr., G.J., Activity and resistance to thermal inactivation of peroxidase in the blue crab (callinectes sapidus) (1978) Journal of Food Science, 43, pp. 31-34; Csonge, L., Bravo, D., Newman-Gage, H., Rigley, T., Conrad, E.U., Bakay, A., Strong, D.M., Pellet, S., Banking of osteochondral allografts. Part I. Viability assays adapted for osteochondrol and cartilage studies (2002) Cell and Tissue Banking, 3 (3), pp. 151-159. , DOI 10.1023/A:1023665418244; Johno, H., Takahashi, S., Kitamura, M., Inluences of acidic conditions on formazan assay: A cautionary note (2010) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 162, pp. 1529-1535; Lurie, S., Postharvest heat treatments (1998) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 14 (3), pp. 257-269. , DOI 10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00045-3, PII S0925521498000453; Manchenko, G.P., (2003) Handbook of Detection of Enzymes on Electrophoretic Gels -2nd ed., p. 553. , CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, USA; Muramatsu, N., Nosoh, Y., Puriication and characterization of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase from bacillus stearothermophilus (1971) Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 144, pp. 245-252; Myers, S.W., Fraser, I., Mastro, V.C., Evaluation of heat treatment schedules for emerald ash borer (coleoptera: Buprestidae) (2009) Journal of Economic Entomology, 102, pp. 2048-2055; Phillips, C.B., Iline, I.I., Novoselov, M., Richards, N.K., McNeill, M.R., Development and validation of a quick, easily used biochemical assay for evaluating the viability of small immobile arthropods (2013) Journal of Economic Entomology, 106. , in press; Rankin, S.A., Christiansen, A.L.W., Banavara, D.S., Lopez-Hernandez, A., Invited review: The application of alkaline phosphatase assays for the validation of milk product pasteurization (2010) Journal of Dairy Science, 93, pp. 5538-5551; Sharma, R., Kaur, S., Rajput, Y.S., Activity and thermal stability of indigenous enzymes in cow, buffalo and goat milk (2009) Milchwissenschaft, 64, pp. 173-175; Townsend, W.E., Blankenship, L.C., Assessment of previous heat treatment of laboratory heat-processed meat and poultry using a commercial enzyme system (1987) Journal of Food Science, 52, pp. 1445-1448; Townsend, W.E., Blankenship, L.C., Assessment of previous heat treatment given to semicommercially and commercially prepared meat and poultry products using the "apizym" system (1988) Journal of Food Science, 53, pp. 649-651; Twomey, C.M., Doonan, S., A comparative study of the thermal inactivation of cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases (1997) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1342 (1), pp. 37-44. , DOI 10.1016/S0167-4838(97)00075-7, PII S0167483897000757 PY - 2013 SP - 34-39 ST - Proof of concept for a biochemical test that differentiates between heat-treated and non-heattreated food products T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Proof of concept for a biochemical test that differentiates between heat-treated and non-heattreated food products UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885970042&partnerID=40&md5=57dcdb76e2df9919b6458f009bf44a22 VL - 66 ID - 224 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The eficacy of the herbicide fenoxaprop for control of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in pasture was evaluated in two ield trials. Additionally, glasshouse experiments investigated its phytotoxicity on seven annual and four perennial C4 grass species. Results of the ield trials showed good control of yellow bristle grass and consequently a very high (up to 98%) reduction in seed head production. Fenoxaprop had no measurable effect on clover yield but the removal of yellow bristle grass resulted in higher production of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Fenoxaprop killed all the annual C4 species tested, viz. yellow bristle grass, summer grass (Digitaria sanguinalis), witchgrass (Panicum capillare), smooth witchgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and crowfoot grass (Eleusine indica), but was less effective on the perennial C4 grass species, viz. Indian doab (Cynodon dactylon), Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus), Mercer grass (Paspalum distichum) and paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum). © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. AU - Dowsett, C. A. AU - Trolove, M. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cudney, D.W., Elmore, C.L., Gibeault, V.A., Reints, J.S., Common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) management in cool-season turfgrass (1997) Weed Technology, 11 (3), pp. 478-483; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Selective control of yellow bristle grass (setaria pumila) in pasture (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 217-221; James, T.K., Tozer, K.N., Rahman, A., Yellow bristle grass; a recent weed incursion in waikato dairy pastures (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 39-42; Peters, T.J., Moomaw, R.S., Martin, A.R., Herbicides for postemergence control of annual grass weeds in seedling forage grasses (1989) Weed Science, 37, pp. 375-379; Thom, E.R., Waugh, C.D., McCabe, R.J., Growth and persistence of perennial and hybrid ryegrasses when grazed by dairy cows in the central Waikato region of New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 41 (4), pp. 477-486; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., Sweet success: Managing yellow bristle grass (setaria pumila) with grazing attractants in dairy pastures (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 43-47; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., James, T.K., Changes in yellow bristle grass (setaria pumila) incidence in waikato dairy pastures over 4 years (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 54-58; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., Thom, E.R., Weed ingress and pasture persistence in bay of plenty dairy farms: Field observations and farmer perceptions (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 68-74; Tozer, K.N., James, T.K., Cameron, C.A., Botanical and management factors associated with setaria pumila abundance: Implications for pasture management (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 121-126; Wardle, D.A., Barker, G.M., Nicholson, K.S., Addison, P.J., Cyclic oscillations between summerannual (c4) and winter-annual grass weeds in waikato dairy pastures (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 34-37; Young s (2013) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 768. , Agrimedia Ltd, Christchurch PY - 2013 SP - 118-123 ST - Fenoxaprop for control of yellow bristle grass in pasture and its efficacy on other C4 grasses T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Fenoxaprop for control of yellow bristle grass in pasture and its efficacy on other C4 grasses UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886080433&partnerID=40&md5=94ea6859c708cfefb797e2027cf6be06 VL - 66 ID - 202 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Systems approaches to managing risks on a pathway are increasingly seen as alternatives to single-point risk management treatments applied at the border. One key challenge of systems approaches is the dificulty in measuring risk management effectiveness across an entire pathway comprising many complex processes. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) agreement on the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS) states that measures must be applied only to the extent required to achieve an appropriate degree of sanitary/phytosanitary protection (not unnecessarily traderestrictive) and must use science-based risk assessment. The framework for import risk analysis within the scope of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is outlined in the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs). Although a systems approach and independent risk reduction system processes are described in various ISPMs, the methodology for determining risk across an entire pathway with complex processes is not. This contribution reviews methodologies with potential for such use. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - DeSilva, H. N. AU - Worner, S. P. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Hill, M. G. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baker, R.T., Cowley, J.M., Harte, D.S., Frampton, E.R., Development of a maximum pest limit for fruit lies (diptera: Tephritidae) in produce imported into new zealand (1990) Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 (1), pp. 13-17; Bifet, A., Kirkby, R., (2009) Data Stream Mining: A Practical Approach, , http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~abifet/MOA/StreamMining.pdf, Centre for Open Software Innovation, Waikato University. (accessed 15 May 2013); Bifet, A., Holmes, G., Kirkby, R., Pfahringer, B., Moa: Massive online analysis (2010) Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11, pp. 1601-1604; Burgman, M., Fidler, F., McBride, M., Walshe, T., Wintle, B., Acera project 0611 eliciting expert judgments: Report #1 (2006) Literature Review, p. 71. , ACERA, University of Melbourne, Australia; Burgman, M., Carr, A., Godden, L., Gregory, R., McBride, M., Flander, L., Maguire, L., Redeining expertise and improving ecological judgment (2011) Conservation Letters, 4 (2), pp. 81-87; Burgman, M.A., McBride, M., Ashton, R., Speirs-Bridge, A., Flander, L., Wintle, B., Fidler, F., Twardy, C., Expert status and performance (2011) PLoS One, 6 (7); Cannon, R.M., Sampling to comply with a maximum pest limit (1998) Biometrics, 54 (3), pp. 847-858. , DOI 10.2307/2533839; Cowley, J.M., Baker, R.T., Harte, D.S., Measurement of parameters and application of the maximum pest limit concept for importation of hosts of tephritid fruit lies (1993) OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 23, pp. 713-728; Evans, H., Brokerhoff, E., Baker, R., Eschen, R., (2012) What Role Can The Systems Approach Play In Preventing The Introduction Of Invasive Alien Species?, , http://hyoka.nenv.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/alien2012/alien-report/O22-Evans.pdf, (accessed 15 May 2013); Goulet, V., Jacques, M., Pigeon, M., Expert: Modelling without data using expert opinion (2009) Contributed Research Articles R Journal, 1 (1), pp. 31-36; Hood, G., Burgman, M., Barry, S., Making use of expert opinion for biosecurity decisions (2012) ACIAR Proceedings Series, 137, pp. 25-29; The use of integrated measures in a systems approach for pest risk management (2002) ISPM, (14). , http://www.ippc.int/ile-uploaded/1146658667005-ISPM14.pdf, International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) FAO, Rome. accessed 15 May 2013; Jang, E.B., Mofitt, H.R., Systems approaches to achieving quarantine security (1994) Quarantine Treatments For Pests Of Food Plants, pp. 225-237. , In: Sharp JL, Hallman GJ ed. Westview Press Inc. , Boulder, USA; Keller, R.P., Koceva, D., Dzeroski, S., Traitbased risk assessment for invasive species: High performance across diverse taxonomic groups, geographical ranges and machine learning/statistical tools (2011) Diversity and Distributions, 17, pp. 451-461; Kocev, D., Dzeroski, S., White, M.D., Newell, G.R., Grifioen, P., Using single-and multitarget regression trees and ensembles to model a compound index of vegetation condition (2009) Ecological Modelling, 220, pp. 1159-1168; Kuhnert, P.M., Hayes, K.R., How believable is your bbn? (2009) Proceedings of the 18th World AMACS/MODSIM Congress, pp. 4319-4325. , http://mssanz.org.au/modsim09/J3/kuhnert-J3.pdf, 13-17 July, Cairns, Australia. accessed 6 June 2013); Landolt, P.J., Chambers, D.L., Chew, V., Alternative to the use of probit 9 mortality as a criterion for quarantine treatments of fruit ly (diptera: Tephritidae) -infested fruit (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 285-287; Maindonald, J.H., The challenges of pest risk analysis (1995) Plant Quarantine Statistics, , In: Bartlett PW, Chaplin GR, van Velsen R ed. A Review. Proceedings of an international workshop, Sydney, Australia. Horticulture and Research Development Corporation, Gordon, Australia; Martin, T., Burgman, M., Fidler, F., Kuhnert, P., Low-Choy, S., MacBride, M., Mengersen, K., Elicitation of expert knowledge in conservation biology (2012) Conservation Biology, 26 (1), pp. 29-38; Mengersen, K., Quinlan, M.M., Whittle, P.J.L., Knight, J.D., Mumford, J.D., Wan Ismail, W.N., Tahir, H., Hermawan, Beyond compliance: Project on an integrated systems approach for pest risk management in south east asia (2012) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO, 42 (1), pp. 109-116; Philibert, A., Desprez-Loustau, M.-L., Fabre, B., Frey, P., Halkett, F., Husson, C., Lung-Escarmant, B., Makowski, D., Predicting invasion success of forest pathogenic fungi from species traits (2011) Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, pp. 1381-1390; Quinlan, M., Ikin, R., (2009) A Review Of The Application Of Systems Approach To Risk Management In Plant Health, 42, p. 69. , EU Framework 7 Research Project Report No. 212459, Deliverable No; Rodil, I.F., Compton, T.J., Lastra, M., Exploring macroinvertebrate species distributions at regional and local scales across a sandy beach geographic continuum (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (6), pp. e39609. , http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone. 0039609, (accessed 6 June 2013); Schmidt, J.P., Drake, J.M., Time since introduction, seed mass, and genome size predict successful invaders among the cultivated vascular plants of hawaii (2011) PLoS ONE, 6 (3), pp. e17391. , http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone. 0017391, (accessed 6 June 2013); Speirs-Bridge, A., Flander, L., Robinson, A., (2010) Expert Elicitation Using Real-time Virtual Panels. Australian Centre Of Excellence For Risk Analysis, , http://www.acera.unimelb.edu.au/sra/2010/Presentations/Speirs-Bridge.pdf, accessed 15 May 2013); Sugiyama, S., Monte carlo simulation/risk analysis on a spreadsheet: Review of three software packages (2008) Foresight, 9, pp. 36-39; Waage, J.K., Mumford, J.D., Agricultural biosecurity (2008) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363 (1492), pp. 863-876. , DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2188, PII 964615374663W723; Walshe, T., Burgman, M., A framework for assessing and managing risks posed by emerging diseases (2010) Risk Analysis, 30 (2), pp. 236-249; Whittle, P., Johnson, S., Leach, A., Holt, J., Quinlan, M., Mengersen, K., Mumford, J., Developing systems approaches for phytosanitary pest risk management using control point-bayesian networks (2012) Australian Bayes Nets Model Society, , http://abnms.org/conferences/abnms2012/program.php, (accessed 15 May 2013); Witten, I.H., Frank, E., Hall, M.A., (2011) Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools And Techniques, , Morgan Kauffman Publishers, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA. ISBN: 978-0-12-374856-0; Yamamura, K., Katsumata, H., Estimation of the probability of insect pest introduction through imported commodities (1999) Researches on Population Ecology, 41 (3), pp. 275-282 PY - 2013 SP - 1-9 ST - A review of methods for assessing and managing market access and biosecurity risks using systems approaches T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A review of methods for assessing and managing market access and biosecurity risks using systems approaches UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886023658&partnerID=40&md5=02ef95a46e536da601ac198afc8417f9 VL - 66 ID - 222 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Low oxygen and/or 'generally recognised as safe' (GRAS)/food additive (FA) treatments in combination with cool storage have the potential to disinfest a range of commodities of various pests. This paper reports on research to determine the tolerance of second/third and ifth instar codling moth larvae, ifth instar lightbrown apple moth larvae, mixed stages of greedy scale and obscure mealybugs, and diapausing two-spotted mite adults to ultra low oxygen (ULO, <0.5% O2) and ULO combined with two GRAS/ FA compounds, ethyl acetate and ethyl formate. ULO alone did not consistently enhance mortality of these pests compared with air cool storage. However, addition of 3000-5000 ppm of ethyl acetate or ethyl formate reduced the time taken to achieve 99% mortality from weeks or months to between 8 h and 5 days, depending on the pest. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Poulton, J. AU - Kean, A. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Code of federal regulations, food and drugs ofice of the federal register (1993) National Archives and Records Administration, pp. 170-199. , Anonymous Washingon DC, USA; Bradield, G.C., Dentener, P.R., Connolly, P.G., Using chemical structure to select compounds for insect disinfestation research (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, p. 430. , (Abstract only); Bradfield, G., Dentener, P., Connolly, P., Effect of temperature on the mortality of epiphyas postivittana walker exposed to gras compounds in (2003) Proceedings Australasian Postharvest Horticulture Conference., pp. 7-0; Brinton, F.E., Proverbs, M.D., Cary, B.E., Artificial diet for mass production of the codling moth, carpocapsa pomonella (lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) (1969) Canadian Entomology, 101, pp. 577-584; Chambers, J.M., Hastie, T.J., (1992) Statistical Models in S. Wadsworth and Brooks/Cole, , Paciic Grove, CA, USA; Chhagan, A., Jamieson, L.E., Grifin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Zulhendri, F., Feng, R., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of new zealand lower thrips (thips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 63-74; Clare, G.K., Ochieng-Odero, J.P.R., Dalzell, S.J., Singh, P., A practical rearing method for leafroller (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1987) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 14, pp. 597-601; Damcevski, K.A., Dojchinov, G., Woodman, J.D., Haritos, V.S., Eficacy of vaporised ethyl formate/carbon dioxide formulation against storedgrain insects: Effect of fumigant concentration, exposure time and two grain temperatures (2010) Pest Management Science, 66 (4), pp. 432-438; De Lima, C.P.F., Fumigation of table grapes with ethyl formate against quarantine pests (2006) 2006 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, , http://www.mbao.org/2006/06Proceedings/097De- Limapaperontablegrapefumigation.pdf, Orlando, Florida, USA, 6-9th November, 2006. accessed 20 May 2013); De Lima, C., Fumigation of table grapes using ethyl formate + carbon dioxide as a quarantine treatment (2009) Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia., p. 53; Fumigation trials of citrus using ethyl formate + carbon dioxide as a quaranitine treatment department of agiculture and food (2010) Western Australia., p. 34; Finkelman, S., Lendler, E., Navarro, S., Navarro, H., Ashbell, G., New prospects for ethyl formate as a fumigant for the date industry (2010) Proceedings of the 10th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, pp. 359-364. , Lisboa, Portugal; http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JKA/article/view/510/1225, (accessed 20 May 2013); Grifin, M.J., Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Davis, V., Zulhendri, F., Connolly, P.G., The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 54-62; Hallagan, J.B., Hall, R.L., Fema gras - A gras assessment program for lavor ingredients (1995) Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 21, pp. 422-430; Krishna, H., Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Carpenter, A., Zhang, Z., Brash, D.W., Ryan, R., Bishop, S., Fontinha, M., Ethyl formate: A potential organic fumigant for fresh produce (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, p. 444. , (Abstract only); Lallu, N., Johnston, J., Punter, M., Billing, D., Pidakala, P., Haynes, G., Farrell, M., Potential for dca (dynamic controlled atmosphere) storage of 'braeburn' and 'pink lady' apples (2009) Plant & Food Research Client, p. 41. , Report No.27739, Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Lallu, N., Punter, M., Billing, D., Pidakala, P., Haynes, G., Johnston, J., Optimising carbon dioxide requirements for dca (dynamic controlled atmosphere) storage of 'braeburn' and 'pink lady' apples (2010) Plant & Food Research Client, p. 40. , Report No: 34711, Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Lay-Yee, M., Whiting, D.C., Response of 'hayward' kiwifruit to high-temperature controlled atmosphere treatments for control of two-spotted spider mite (tetranychus urticae) (1996) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 7 (1-2), pp. 73-81; Prange, R.K., DeLong, J.M., Leyte, J.C., Harrison, P.A., Oxygen concentration affects chlorophyll fluorescence in chlorophyll-containing fruit (2002) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 24 (2), pp. 201-205. , DOI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00188-0, PII S0925521401001880; Preisler, H.K., Robertson, J.L., Analysis of timedose-mortality data (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1534-1542; (2012) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Mitcham, E.J., Effects of ethyl formate on fruit quality and target pest mortality for harvested strawberries (2004) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 34 (3), pp. 313-319. , DOI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.05.015, PII S0925521404001437; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E.J., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (4), pp. 1084-1090. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1084:EFAAPF]2.0.CO;2; Singh, P., Clare, G.K., A method for continuous production of diapausing twospotted mite in the laboratory (1993) New Zealand Entomologist, 16, pp. 94-99; (2006) GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Database., , http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/ GenerallyRecognizedasSafeGRAS/GRASSubstancesSCOGSDatabase/defaulthtm, US FDA (accessed 20 April 2013); (2011) Everything Added To Food In The United States (EAFUS)., , http://www.fda.gov/food/foodingredientspackaging/ucm115326.htm, US FDA (accessed 20 April 2013); Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Hedderley, D.I., Somerfield, K.G., Brash, D.W., Efficacy of ethyl formate and ethyl acetate for the control of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (2007) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35 (2), pp. 267-274; Whiting, D.C., Foster, S.P., Maindonald, J.H., Effect of oxygen, carbon dioxide and temperature on the mortality responses of epiphyas postvittana (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1991) Journal of Economic Entomology, 84 (5), pp. 1544-1549; Whiting, D.C., Foster, S.P., Van Den Heuvel, J., Maindonald, J.H., Comparative mortality responses of four tortricid (lepidoptera) species to a low oxygencontrolled atmosphere (1992) Journal of Economic Entomology, 85 (6), pp. 2305-2309; Whiting, D.C., O'Connor, G.M., Van Den Heuvel, J., Maindonald, J.H., Comparative mortalities of six tortricid (lepidoptera) species to two high-temperature controlled atmospheres and air (1995) Journal of Economic Entomology, 88 (5), pp. 1365-1370; Whiting, D.C., Hoy, L.E., High-Temperature Controlled Atmosphere and Air Treatments to Control Obscure Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Apples (1997) Journal of Economic Entomology, 90 (2), pp. 546-550 PY - 2013 SP - 45-53 ST - The potential of using low oxygen and ethyl formate or ethyl acetate to disinfest fresh fruit in storage T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The potential of using low oxygen and ethyl formate or ethyl acetate to disinfest fresh fruit in storage UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885962947&partnerID=40&md5=a3f4e0da39387d8ca0a133fd9c48edc8 VL - 66 ID - 200 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Since its discovery in 2006, the tomato potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (TPP), has been considered a signiicant pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand, resulting in an intensiication of insect pest control measures, often with the use of broad-spectrum insecticides. In the search for more sustainable control methods in outdoor potato crops, several biorational insecticides were tested in laboratory bioassays to assess their effects on TPP behaviour and mortality. The products tested were Organic JMS Stylet-Oil®, Excel Oil®, Eco-Oil®, Neem 600 WP and Sap Sucker Plus. Given the eficacy of JMS Stylet- Oil®, Sap Sucker Plus and Excel Oil® at reducing TPP numbers and their probing/feeding deterrent qualities, these products are now being tested in a ield trial. The impacts of the tested biorational insecticides on beneicial insects are also being assessed in laboratory and ield trials. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Jorgensen, N. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Vereijssen, J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Al-Jabr, A.M., (1999) Integrated Pest Management Of Tomato/Potato Psyllid, Paratrioza Cockerelli (ŠUlc)(Homoptera: Psyllidae) With Emphasis On Its Importance In Greenhouse Grown Tomatoes, p. 186. , PhD thesis, Colorado State University, USA; Bahlai, C.A., Xue, Y., McCreary, C.M., Schaafsma, A.W., Hallett, R.H., Choosing organic pesticides over synthetic pesticides may not effectively mitigate environmental risk in soybeans (2010) PLoS ONE, 5 (6), pp. e11250; Berry, N.A., Bourhill, A., (2012) Review Of Soft Chemical Options And Research For Insect Pest Control, p. 18. , Report to Potatoes New Zealand, Plant & Food Report No. 6065, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Berry, N.A., Walker, M.K., Butler, R.C., Laboratory studies to determine the eficacy of selected insecticides on tomato/potato psyllid (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 145-151; Boina, D.R., Youn, Y., Folimonova, S., Stelinski, L.L., Effects of pymetrozine, an antifeedant of hemiptera, on asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri, feeding behavior, survival and transmission of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (2011) Pest Management Science, 67, pp. 146-155; Buchman, J.L., Sengoda, V.G., Munyaneza, J.E., Vector transmission eficiency of liberibacter by bactericera cockerelli (hemiptera: Triozidae) in zebra chip potato disease: Effects of psyllid life stage and inoculation access period (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, pp. 1486-1495; Liefting, L.W., Sutherland, P.W., Ward, L.I., Paice, K.L., Weir, B.S., Clover, G.R.G., 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', associated with plants in the family Solanaceae (2009) Plant Disease, 93, pp. 208-214; Liu, D., Trumble, J.T., Tomato psyllid behavioral responses to tomato plant lines and interactions of plant lines with insecticides (2004) Journal of Economic Entomology, 97 (3), pp. 1078-1085; Marcic, D., Peric, P., Prijovic, M., Ogurlic, I., Field and greenhouse evaluation of rapeseed spray oil against spider mites, green peach aphid and pear psylla in serbia (2009) Bulletin of Insectology, 62, pp. 159-167; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, , 2nd ed. Chapman & Hall, London; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (homoptera psyllidae) with "zebra chip," a new potato disease in Southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3), pp. 656-663. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[656:AOBCHP]2.0.CO;2; Prager, S.M., Lewis, O.M., Vaughn, K., Nansen, C., Oviposition and feeding by bactericera cockerelli (homoptera: Psyllidae) in response to a solar protectant applied to potato plants (2013) Crop Protection, 45, pp. 57-62; Simmons, A.M., Abd-Rabou, S., Populations of predators and parasitoids of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) after the application of eight biorational insecticides in vegetable crops (2011) Pest Management Science, 67, pp. 1023-1028; Stansly, P.A., Liu, T.-X., Schuster, D.J., Dean, D.E., Role of biorational insecticides in management of Bemisia (1996) Bemisia: 1995. Taxonomy, biology, damage, control and management, pp. 605-615; Teulon, D.A.J., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielsen, M.C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in new zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Tiwari, S., Clayson, P.J., Kuhns, E.H., Stelinski, L.L., Effects of buprofezin and dilubenzuron on various developmental stages of asian citrus psyllid diaphorina citri (2012) Pest Management Science, 68, pp. 1405-1412; Walker, M.K., Butler, R.C., Berry, N.A., (2010) Evaluation Of Selected Soft Chemicals As Potential Control Options For Tomato/Potato Psyllid, p. 12. , Report to Horticulture New Zealand, Plant & Food Report No. 3937, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Walker, M.K., Butler, R.C., Berry, N.A., (2011) Evaluation Of Selected Essential Oils As Potential Repellents For Tomato/Potato Psyllid Control, p. 12. , Report to Horticulture New Zealand, Plant & Food Report No. 5617, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Yang, X.B., Zhang, Y.M., Hua, L., Peng, L.N., Munyaneza, J.E., Trumble, J.T., Liu, T.X., Repellency of selected biorational insecticides to potato psyllid bactericera cockerelli (hemiptera: Psyllidae) (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 1320-1324 PY - 2013 SP - 333-340 ST - Biorational insecticides for control of the tomato potato psyllid T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Biorational insecticides for control of the tomato potato psyllid UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886060284&partnerID=40&md5=247bd5b25410b84c4ae3133906ee0778 VL - 66 ID - 223 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bacillus velezensis was isolated from roots of Lactuca sativa var. crispa and has been shown to be inhibitory of mycelial growth of Pythium spp. root rot pathogens. The bacterium was prepared in a suspension concentrate formulation and tested for control of root rot and growth promotion in hydroponically-grown vegetables. Initial results indicated that the suspension concentrate was effective in controlling root rot when applied directly to seedlings of L. sativa. This eficacy was, however, nulliied when the formulation was applied as a suspension to raise these seedlings. This formulation, when applied as a drench treatment to seedlings of Brassica campestris var. chinensis, increased growth of this vegetable. The bacterium produced indole-3- acetic acid (IAA). © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Kanjanamaneesathian, M. AU - Wiwattanapatapee, R. AU - Rotniam, W. AU - Pengnoo, A. AU - Wongpetkhiew, W. AU - Tanmala, V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abd El-Azeem, S.A.M., Mehana, T.A., Shabayek, A.A., Some plant growth promoting traits of rhizobacteria isolated from suez canal region, egypt (2007) Proceedings of the African Crop Science Conference, pp. 1517-1525; Antoniazzi, N., Deschamps, C., Bach, E.E., Effect of xanthan gum and allicin as elicitors against Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley in field experiments (2008) Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 115 (3), pp. 104-107; Chumthong, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Pengnoo, A., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Water-soluble granules containing bacillus megaterium for biological control of rice sheath blight: Formulation, bacterial viability and eficacy testing (2008) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, pp. 2499-2507; Cook, R.J., Baker, K.F., The nature and practice of biological control of plant pathogens (1983) American Phytopathological Society, p. 589. , St. Paul, MN, USA; Intana, W., (2003) Selection And Development Of Trichoderma Spp. For High Glucanase, Antifungal Metabolites Producing And Plant Growth Promoting Isolates For Biological Control Of Cucumber Damping-Off Caused By Pythium Spp, p. 202. , PhD thesis (Plant Pathology), Kasetsart University, Thailand; Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Pengnoo, A., Rotniam, W., Kanghae, P., Sawangsri, P., Potential of bacillus spp. For controlling root rot disease caused by pythium helicoides in vegetables produced in hydroponic condition (2010) Proceedings of the 5th Thai Mycological Conference, p. 80. , (Abstract only); Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Pengnoo, A., Rotniam, W., Wongpetkhiew, W., Tamala, V., Suspension concentrate formulation of bacillus velezensis for controlling root rot disease of hydroponicallygrown vegetables (2013) Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology, pp. 137-138; Pengnoo, A., Wiwattanapattapee, R., Chumthong, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Bacterial antagonist as seed treatment to control leaf blight disease of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) (2006) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22 (1), pp. 9-14. , DOI 10.1007/s11274-005-2820-9; Ruiz-Garcia, C., Bejar, V., Martinez-Checa, F., Llamas, I., Quesada, E., Bacillus velezensis sp nov, a surfactant-producing bacterium isolated from the river Vélez in Málaga, southern Spain (2005) International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 55 (1), pp. 191-195. , DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63310-0; Schisler, D.A., Slininger, P.J., Behle, R.W., Jackson, M.A., Formulation of Bacillus spp. for biological control of plant diseases (2004) Phytopathology, 94 (11), pp. 1267-1271; Wiwattanapatapee, R., Pengnoo, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Nilratana, L., Jantharangsri, A., Floating pellets containing bacterial antagonist for control sheath blight of rice formulations, viability and bacterial release studies (2004) Journal of Controlled Release, 95, pp. 453-460; Wiwattanapatapee, R., Chumthong, A., Pengnoo, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Effervescent fast-disintegrating bacterial formulation for biological control of rice sheath blight (2007) Journal of Controlled Release, 119 (2), pp. 229-235. , DOI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.01.015, PII S0168365907000600 PY - 2013 SP - 229-234 ST - Application of a suspension concentrate formulation of Bacillus velezensis to control root rot of hydroponically-grown vegetables T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Application of a suspension concentrate formulation of Bacillus velezensis to control root rot of hydroponically-grown vegetables UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886024386&partnerID=40&md5=ff46668ba18a63db9b7a42e4a94cc690 VL - 66 ID - 232 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Thermal accumulation ('degree day') methods are routinely used to predict plant and insect phenology. Depending on the data available, prediction may involve three separate steps with associated errors: estimating daily heat units from maximum and minimum temperatures; interpolating daily maxima and minima from monthly averages; and predicting future monthly averages from past climate, potentially including climate change. This research investigated the potential error in thermal accumulation totals arising from each of these factors at nine New Zealand sites. Ten simple heat unit calculations were tested, including two little-known and three new methods. Those utilising the true daily mean temperature performed best, followed by 4-step, triangle and sine approximations. Interpolating between monthly mean temperature extremes introduced much error into daily estimates, and the use of predicted, rather than observed, monthly normals further increased error. Speciic recommendations are made for thermal accumulation methods depending on what temperature data are available. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Kean, J. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allen, J.C., A modiied sine wave method for calculating degree days (1976) Environmental Entomology, 5, pp. 388-396; Barlow, N.D., Caldwell, N.P., Kean, J.M., Barron, M.C., Modelling the use of npv for the biological control of asian gypsy moth lymantria dispar invading new zealand (2000) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2, pp. 173-184; Barlow, N.D., Dixon, A.F.G., (1980) Simulation Of Lime Aphid Population Dynamics, p. 165. , Pudoc, Wageningen; Baskerville, G.L., Emin, P., Rapid estimation of heat accumulation from maximum and minimum temperatures (1969) Ecology, 50, p. 514; Cesaraccio, C., Spano, D., Duce, P., Snyder, R.L., An improved model for determining degree-day values from daily temperature data (2001) International Journal of Biometeorology, 45 (4), pp. 161-169. , DOI 10.1007/s004840100104; Herms, D.A., (2004) Using Degree-Days And Plant Phenology To Predict Pest Activity, pp. 49-59. , In: Krischik V, Davidson J ed. IPM of Midwest Landscapes. University of Illinois, USA; Jarošik, V., Honěk, A., Magarey, R.D., Skuhrovec, J., Developmental database for phenology models: Related insect and mite species have similar thermal requirements (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, pp. 1870-1876; Kean, J.M., Kumarasinghe, L.B., Predicting the seasonal phenology of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 279-285; Lindsey, A.A., Newman, J.E., Use of oficial weather data in spring time: Temperature analysis of an indiana phenological record (1956) Ecology, 37, pp. 812-823; McMaster, G.S., Wilhelm, W.W., Growing degree-days: One equation, two interpretations (1997) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 87 (4), pp. 291-300. , DOI 10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00027-0, PII S0168192397000270; Nietschke, B.S., Magarey, R.D., Borchert, D.M., Calvin, D.D., Jones, E., A developmental database to support insect phenology models (2007) Crop Protection, 26 (9), pp. 1444-1448. , DOI 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.006, PII S0261219406003784; Pineiro, G., Perelman, S., Guerschman, J.P., Paruelo, J.M., How to evaluate models: Observed vs. Predicted or predicted vs. Observed? (2008) Ecological Modelling, 216, pp. 316-322; Pruess, K.P., Day-degree methods for pest management (1983) Environmental Entomology, 12, pp. 613-619; Regniere, J., Bolstad, P., Statistical simulation of daily air temperature patterns in eastern north america to forecast seasonal events in pest management (1994) Environmental Entomology, 23, pp. 1368-1380; Roltsch, W.J., Zalom, F.G., Strawn, A.J., Strand, J.F., Pitcairn, M.J., Evaluation of several degree-day estimation methods in California climates (1999) International Journal of Biometeorology, 42 (4), pp. 169-176; Tait, A., Henderson, R., Turner, R., Zheng, X., Thin plate smoothing spline interpolation of daily rainfall for New Zealand using a climatological rainfall surface (2006) International Journal of Climatology, 26 (14), pp. 2097-2115. , DOI 10.1002/joc.1350; Wang, J.Y., A critique of the heat unit approach to plant response studies (1960) Ecology, 41, p. 785; Way, M.J., Van Emden, H.F., Integrated pest management in practice - Pathways towards successful application (2000) Crop Protection, 19 (2), pp. 81-103. , DOI 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00098-8, PII S0261219499000988; Worner, S.P., Penman, D.R., Analysis of thermal summation models (1983) Proceedings of the 36th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 250-254; Worner, S.P., Evaluation of diurnal temperature models and thermal summation in new zealand (1988) Journal of Economic Entomology, 81, pp. 9-13; Worner, S.P., Performance of phenological models under variable temperature regimes: Consequences of the Kaufmann or rate summation effect (1992) Environmental Entomology, 21 (4), pp. 689-699 PY - 2013 SP - 124-131 ST - How accurate are methods for predicting phenology in New Zealand? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - How accurate are methods for predicting phenology in New Zealand? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886053535&partnerID=40&md5=a981a8f36eb9d65eba5a8e83287af4de VL - 66 ID - 205 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The increasing spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), prompted a modelling effort to assess the global and local potential risk of this species. The current potential distribution of Psa was modelled with two well-used models (CLIMEX and MaxEnt) based on available presence records and environmental data. Most discrepancies in model projections occurred for New Zealand data that was used for validation. Model projections can provide information to alert decision-makers in kiwifruit-growing regions to prepare for possible incursions of Psa. However, in this study because model indings did not agree on the New Zealand validation data, more research is necessary to achieve greater conidence on projections for novel areas. Despite that result, this study provides useful information for some kiwifruit growing countries that have not yet been affected by Psa, such as USA, Iran, Greece, Belgium, Denmark and especially South Africa, where commercial kiwifruit orchards have been planted recently. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Khandan, H. A. N. AU - Worner, S. P. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Villjanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. AU - Gallipoli, L. AU - Mazzaglia, A. AU - Balestra, G. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Balestra, G.M., Renzi, M., Mazzaglia, A., First report of bacterial canker of actinidia deliciosa caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in portugal (2010) New Disease Reports, 22, p. 10; Balestra, G.M., Renzi, M., Mazzaglia, A., First report of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on kiwifruit plants in spain (2011) New Disease Reports, 24, p. 10; Balestra, G.M., Mazzaglia, A., Quattrucci, A., Renzi, M., Rossetti, A., Current status of bacterial canker spread on kiwifruit in italy (2009) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4, pp. 34-36; Balestra, G.M., Mazzaglia, A., Spinelli, R., Graziani, S., Quattrucci, A., Rossetti, A., Cancro batterico su Actinidia chinensis (2008) L'Informatore Agrario, 38, pp. 75-76; Bastas, K.K., Karakaya, A., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in turkey (2012) Molecular Plant Pathology, 13, pp. 631-640; Beddow, J.M., Hurley, T.M., Kriticos, D.J., Pardey, P.G., Measuring the global occurrence and probabilistic consequences of wheat stem rust (2013) Harvest Choice Technical Note, pp. 1-24; (2011) Final Pest Risk Analysis Report For Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae Associated With Actinidia (Kiwifruit) Propagative Material, , Biosecurity Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra, Australia; Cheng, H., Lj, Y., Wan, S., Zhan, J., Ping, Q., Guo, L., Jiahua, X., Pathogenic identiication of kiwifruit bacterial canker in anhui (1995) Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 22, pp. 219-223; Elith, J., Simpson, J., Hirsch, M., Burgman, M.A., Taxonomic uncertainty and decision making for biosecurity: Spatial models for myrtle/guava rust (2013) Australasian Plant Pathology, 42, pp. 43-51; Elith, J., Phillips, S.J., Hastie, T., Dudik, M., Chee, Y.E., Yates, C.J., A statistical explanation of maxent for ecologists (2011) Diversity and Distributions, 17, pp. 43-57; (2012) Pest Risk Analysis for Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, , http://www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/Pest-Risk-Analysis/PRAdocs-bacteria/ 12-18034%20Express-PRA-PSA.pdf, accessed 03 May 2013). EPPO EPPO, Paris; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in new zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, pp. 1-5; Fielding, A.H., Bell, J.F., A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models (1997) Environmental Conservation, 24 (1), pp. 38-49. , DOI 10.1017/S0376892997000088; Greer, G., Saunders, C., The costs of psa-v to the new zealand kiwifruit industry and the wider community (2012) Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit Report, p. 75. , Lincoln University, New Zealand; Kearney, M.R., Wintle, B.A., Porter, W.P., Correlative and mechanistic models of species distribution provide congruent forecasts under climate change (2010) Conservation Letters, 3, pp. 203-213; Koh, Y.J., Chung, H.J., Cha, B.J., Lee, D.H., Outbreak and spread of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (1994) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 10 (1), pp. 68-72; Kriticos, D.J., Webber, B.L., Leriche, A., Ota, N., Macadam, I., Bathols, J., Scott, J.K., Climond: Global high-resolution historical and future scenario climate surfaces for bioclimatic modelling (2012) Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, pp. 53-64; Mazarei, M., Mostoipour, P., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in iran (1994) Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 1055-1056; The psa status in greece (2012) Greek Ministry of Rural Development and Food, , http://www.kiwifruitpsa.com, Ministry of Rural Development and Food (accessed 03 May 2013); Morton, J.F., Dowling, C.F., (1987) Fruits Of Warm Climates, p. 505. , J. F. Morton, Miami, USA. ed; Phillips, S.J., Dudik, M., Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: New extensions and a comprehensive evaluation (2008) Ecography, 31 (2), pp. 161-175. , DOI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x; Phillips, S.J., Anderson, R.P., Schapire, R.E., Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions (2006) Ecological Modelling, 190 (3-4), pp. 231-259. , DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026, PII S030438000500267X; Renzi, M., Mazzaglia, A., Balestra, G.M., Widespread distribution of kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by the european pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae genotype in the main production areas of portugal (2012) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 51, pp. 402-409; Renzi, M., Copini, P., Taddei, A.R., Rossetti, A., Gallipoli, L., Mazzaglia, A., Balestra, G.M., Bacterial canker on kiwifruit in italy: Anatomical changes in the wood and in the primary infection sites (2012) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 827-840; Robertson, M.P., Peter, C.I., Villet, M.H., Ripley, B.S., Comparing models for predicting species' potential distributions: A case study using correlative and mechanistic predictive modelling techniques (2003) Ecological Modelling, 164 (2-3), pp. 153-167. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00028-0; Scortichini, M., Occurrence of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on kiwifruit in italy (1994) Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 1035-1038; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, 3: The seasonal changes of bacterial population in lesions and of its exudation from lesion (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, p. 46; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Takikawa, Y., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Occurrence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in japan: Description of symptoms, isolation of the pathogen and screening of bactericides (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 427-436; Sutherst, R.W., Maywald, G.F., A computerised system for matching climates in ecology (1985) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 13, pp. 281-299; Taylor, S., Kumar, L., Potential distribution of an invasive species under climate change scenarios using climex and soil drainage: A case study of lantana camara l. In queensland, australia (2012) Journal of Environmental Management, 114, pp. 414-422; Thuiller, W., Brotons, L., Araujo, M.B., Lavorel, S., Effects of restricting environmental range of data to project current and future species distributions (2004) Ecography, 27 (2), pp. 165-172. , DOI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03673.x; VanDerWal, J., Shoo, L.P., Graham, C., Williams, S.E., Selecting pseudo-absence data for presence-only distribution modeling: How far should you stray from what you know? (2009) Ecological Modelling, 220, pp. 589-594; Vanneste, J.L., Moffat, B.J., Oldham, J.M., Survival of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on cryptomeria japonica, a nonhost plant used as shelter belts in kiwifruit orchards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 1-7; Vanneste, J.L., Poliakoff, F., Audusseau, C., Cornish, D.A., Paillard, S., Rivoal, C., Yu, J., First report of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in france (2012) Molecular Plant Pathology, 13, pp. 631-640; Vera, M.T., Rodriguez, R., Segura, D.F., Cladera, J.L., Sutherst, R.W., Potential geographical distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), with emphasis on Argentina and Australia (2002) Environmental Entomology, 31 (6), pp. 1009-1022; Webber, B.L., Yates, C.J., Le Maitre, D.C., Scott, J.K., Kriticos, D.J., Ota, N., McNeill, A., Midgley, G.F., Modelling horses for novel climate courses: Insights from projecting potential distributions of native and alien australian acacias with correlative and mechanistic models (2011) Diversity and Distributions, 17, pp. 978-1000; Yao, L.I., Heyuan, C., Shumiao, F., Zihua, Q., Prevalent forecast of kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (2001) Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 3, pp. 355-358; Yonow, T., Kriticos, D.J., Medd, R.W., The potential geographic range of Pyrenophora semeniperda (2004) Phytopathology, 94 (8), pp. 805-812 PY - 2013 SP - 184-193 ST - Predicting the potential global distribution of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Predicting the potential global distribution of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885981738&partnerID=40&md5=6c270c3c6c357a56aec5c9c15160d4e0 VL - 66 ID - 195 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A synthetic agar mycelial growth assay, adapted from a Botrytis cinerea method, was used to determine the sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis isolates (the cause of apple black spot) to anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicides. Nineteen single-conidium isolates were classiied as sensitive (S) or resistant (R) to cyprodinil or pyrimethanil after 21 days growth, according to concentrations that inhibited colony diameter by 50% (EC50). Isolate classiication on agar was compared with leaf disease control by AP fungicides on potted apple trees inoculated with S or R isolates. Three S isolates were completely inhibited by AP fungicides on plants. Three R isolates were partially inhibited on fungicide-treated leaves. One isolate, classiied as R for both fungicides on agar, was inhibited by cyprodinil, but not pyrimethanil, on plants. The agar method will be used for screening V. inaequalis populations for AP resistance in orchard surveys, with plant tests on some isolates to determine implications for orchard disease control. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Larsen, N. J. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Fisher, B. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anilinopyrimidines (1998) Global Crop Protection Federation, p. 7. , Anonymous. In: Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) Fungicide Use Guidelines (Principles for Effective Resistance Management), July 1998. , Brussels, Belgium; Beresford, R., Pak, H., Manktelow, D., Follas, G., Hagerty, G., Strategies to avoid resistance development to anilopyrimidine fungicides in new zealand (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 176-178; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Sensitivity of venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, penconazole and dodine in relation to fungicide use in hawke's bay apple orchards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 106-113; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Larsen, N.J., Fisher, B.M., Resistance of venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four new zealand apple-growing regions (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 274-283; Brent, K.J., Fungicide resistance in crop pathogens: How can it be managed? (1995) FRAC monograph, 1, p. 48. , GIFAP, Brussells, Belgium; Henriquez, J.L.S., Sarmiento, O.V., Alarcon, P.C., Sensitivity of venturia inaequalis chilean isolates to difenoconazole, fenarimol, mancozeb, and pyrimethanil (2011) Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 71 (1), pp. 39-44; Koller, W., Wilcox, W.F., Parker, D.M., Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis populations to anilinopyrimidine fungicides and their contribution to scab management in New York (2005) Plant Disease, 89 (4), pp. 357-365. , DOI 10.1094/PD-89-0357; Kunz, S., Lutz, B., Deising, H., Mendgen, K., Assessment of Sensitivities to Anilinopyrimidine- and Strobilurin-fungicides in Populations of the Apple Scab Fungus Venturia inaequalis (1998) Journal of Phytopathology, 146 (5-6), pp. 231-238; Lamberth, C., Methionine biosynthesisinhibiting anilinopyrimidine compounds. Chapter 12 (2012) Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes: Agrochemicals, p. 302. , In: Lambeth C, Dinges J ed. John Wiley& Sons Science; Leroux, P., Chapeland, F., Desbrosses, D., Gredt, M., Patterns of cross-resistance to fungicides in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea) isolates from French vineyards (1999) Crop Protection, 18 (10), pp. 687-697. , DOI 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00074-5, PII S0261219499000745; Masner, P., Muster, P., Schmid, J., Possible methionine biosynthesis inhibition by pyrimidinamine fungicides (1994) Pesticide Science, 42, pp. 163-166; Milling, J.R., Richardson, C.J., Daniels, A., Pyrimethanil inhibits hydrolytic enzyme secretion by botrytis spp. And prevents lysis of host cells (1993) 6th International Congress of Plant Pathology, , Montreal, Canada. Abstract 3. 7. 15; Milling, R.J., Richardson, C.J., Mode of action of the aniline-pyrimidine fungicide pyrimethanil. 2. Effects on enzyme secretion in botrytis cinerea (1995) Pesticide Science, 45, pp. 43-48; Miura, I., Kamakura, T., Maeno, S., Hayashi, S., Yamaguchi, I., Inhibition of enzyme secretion in plant pathogens by mepanipyrim, a novel fungicide (1994) Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 48 (3), pp. 222-228. , DOI 10.1006/pest.1994.1023; Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Thompson, S., Keenan, S., Bulman, S., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Beresford, R.M., Sensitivity to qoi fungicides in new zealand isolates of venturia inaequalis (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 284-292 PY - 2013 SP - 293-302 ST - A synthetic agar assay for determining sensitivity of venturia inaequalis to anilinopyrimidine fungicides in New Zealand apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A synthetic agar assay for determining sensitivity of venturia inaequalis to anilinopyrimidine fungicides in New Zealand apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886030776&partnerID=40&md5=9266086980abeb25e6063fd71eefff97 VL - 66 ID - 192 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Infection by the fungal pathogen Rhizopus stolonifer causes a postharvest disease in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) roots known as soft rot. In recent years, due to changes in legislation prescribing acceptable agrichemical residues, post-wash applications of the fungicide dicloran can no longer be used on exported sweetpotato roots. An important component of any alternate disease control system is cultivar resistance. This study examined the range of responses within artiicially inoculated roots of various cultivars, under different wounding regimes. While none of the cultivars evaluated was immune to infection, they differed in their degree of susceptibility (P<0.001). Cultivars also differed in their response to the type of wound they received at inoculation (P<0.001). The internationally recognised cultivar, 'Beauregard', was vulnerable to infection through piercing wounds, but showed relatively less susceptibility when the wound was a bruise. Disease evaluation using both piercing and bruising wounds appears necessary in characterising sweetpotato germplasm. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Lewthwaite, S. L. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Triggs, C. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Brash, D.W., Cheah, L.H., Hedderley, D.I., Olsson, S., Woolf, A.B., Hot water drenches for control of soft rots on washed kumara (sweet potato) (2010) Acta Horticulturae, 880, pp. 455-462; Brien, R.M., Dingley, J.M., Fourth supplement to "a revised list of plant diseases recorded in new zealand", 1957-1958 (1959) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, pp. 406-413; Broadhurst, P.G., Lewthwaite, S.L., Triggs, C.M., Field evaluation of sweetpotato cultivars for resistance to sclerotinia rot (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 89-92; Clark, C.A., Holmes, G.J., Ferrin, D.M., (2009) Major Fungal And Bacterial Diseases, pp. 81-103. , In: Loebenstein G, Thottappily G ed. The sweetpotato. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany; Clark, C.A., Hoy, M.W., Identiication of resistance in sweet-potato to rhizopus softrot using two inoculation methods (1994) Plant Disease, 78, pp. 1078-1082; Clark, C.A., Moyer, J.W., (1988) Compendium Of Sweet Potato Diseases, p. 74. , American Phytopathological Society Press, Minnesota, USA; Coleman, B.P., (1972) Kumara Growing, p. 44. , New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 294. Government Printer, AR Shearer, Wellington, New Zealand; Holmes, G.J., Stange, R.R., Influence of wound type and storage duration on susceptibility of sweetpotatoes to Rhizopus soft rot (2002) Plant Disease, 86 (4), pp. 345-348; Lewthwaite, S.L., Commercial sweetpotato production in new zealand: Foundations for the future (1998) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sweetpotato Production Systems Toward the 21st Century, pp. 33-50. , In: LaBonte DR, Yamashita M, Mochida H ed. Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan; Lewthwaite, S.L., Sweetpotato products in a modern world: The New Zealand experience (2006) Acta Horticulturae, 703, pp. 31-37. , Proceedings of the IIth International Symposium on Sweetpotato and Cassava: "Innovative Technologies for Commercialization"; Lewthwaite, S.L., Wright, P.J., Triggs, C.M., Sweetpotato cultivar susceptibility to infection by ceratocystis fimbriata (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 1-6; Philpott, M., Gould, K.S., Markham, K.R., Lewthwaite, S.L., Ferguson, L.R., Enhanced coloration reveals high antioxidant potential in new sweetpotato cultivars (2003) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83 (10), pp. 1076-1082. , DOI 10.1002/jsfa.1504; Rolston, L.H., Clarke, C.A., Cannon, J.M., Randle, W.M., Riley, E.G., Wilson, P.W., Robbins, M.L., 'Beauregard' sweet potato (1987) HortScience, 22, pp. 1338-1339; Snowdon, A., A colour atlas of post-harvest diseases and disorders of fruits and vegetables (1991) Vegetables, 2, p. 416. , Wolfe Scientiic Ltd, London, England; Young, J.M., Fletcher, M.J., (1997) International Collection Of Micro-Organisms From Plants: Catalogue Accessions 1-12989: 3Rd Edition, p. 261. , Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand PY - 2013 SP - 223-228 ST - Sweetpotato cultivar susceptibility to postharvest soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Sweetpotato cultivar susceptibility to postharvest soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886051009&partnerID=40&md5=1f8a51bbb026cccf257204117ec7172d VL - 66 ID - 231 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and leafrollers, principally lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana), are key pests of apples. Pheromone mating disruption has until now required separate dispensers to be deployed for each pest group. With 600-1000 dispensers per ha for each species, application costs are a signiicant factor limiting the wider adoption of multi-species mating disruption in New Zealand apple orchards. The aim was to integrate the two disruption systems into a single dispenser, and evaluate its performance against that of separate dispensers, in paired block comparisons on four apple orchards. The three measures of effectiveness, pheromone trap catch, suppression of moth mating and fruit damage at harvest, all showed no statistical differences between the two treatments. The performance of the new combination pheromone dispenser was equivalent to that when the two dispensers were deployed separately. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Horner, R. M. AU - Hedderley, D. I. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: New zealand pipfruit-integrated fruit production manual; (2012) Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 105, pp. 45-60. , Pipfruit New Zealand Hastings New Zealand. Judd GR Gardiner MT 2008. Eficacy of Isomate-CM/LR for management of leafrollers by mating disruption in organic apple orchards of western Canada Anonymous; (2011) FreshFacts, p. 32. , www.freshfacts.co.nz, Plant & Food Research New Zealand Horticulture. 2011 New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. , accessed 10 April 2013); Suckling, D.M., McLaren, G.F., Manning, L.M., Mitchell, V.J., Attield, B., Colhoun, K., El-Sayed, A.M., Development of single-dispenser pheromone suppression of epiphyas postvittana planotortrix octo and ctenopseustis obliquana in new zealand stone fruit orchards (2012) Pest Management Science, 68, pp. 928-934; Walker, J.T.S., Wearing, C.H., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Burnip, G.M., Tomkins, A.R., Richardson, C.A., Hodson, A.J., Integrated fruit production (ifp) for new zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management recommendations (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 166-172; Walker, J.T.S., Rogers, D.J., Lo, P.L., Suckling, D.M., El-Sayed, A.M., Fraser, T.M., Horner, R.M., Use of mating disruption for control of new zealand leafrollers in apple orchards (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 215-221 PY - 2013 SP - 264-269 ST - Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886054855&partnerID=40&md5=12a92c9b3a309a66b13d10ccc10ac876 VL - 66 ID - 193 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa disease progression in oilseed rape and the timing of ascospore release from crop debris were studied in ield experiments in 2011 and 2012. A similar pattern of disease progression was observed in both years, with the irst leaf lesions characteristic of L. maculans observed 11.5 weeks after sowing and stem lesions after 25 weeks. Leaf lesions characteristic of L. biglobosa were observed after 17.5 weeks. Leptosphaeria maculans was isolated from non-symptomatic petioles and stems after 16.5 and 22 weeks, respectively, indicating endophytic growth of the pathogen from leaf lesions. Vaseline-coated slides did not trap ascospores in 2011, but in 2012 both Rotorod and Burkard spore samplers trapped ascospores from 29 May to 21 September. Nested PCR with ITS and species-speciic primers detected both L. maculans and L. biglobosa ascospores, with L. maculans being more frequently detected. Peak ascospore numbers were detected in August and associated with periods of high rainfall. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Lob, S. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jones, E. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bokor, A., Barbetti, M.J., Brown, A.G.P., MacNish, G.C., Wood, P.M., Blackleg of rapeseed (1975) Journal of Agriculture, 16, pp. 7-10. , Western Australia; Cunningham, G.H., Dry rot of swedes and turnips: Its cause and control (1927) New Zealand Department of Agriculture Bulletin, 133, p. 51; Ghanbarnia, K., Fernando, W.G.D., Crow, G., Comparison of disease severity and incidence at different growth stages of naturally infected canola plants under ield conditions by pycnidiospores of phoma lingam as main source of inoculums (2011) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 355-363; Guo, X.W., Fernando, W.G.D., Seasonal and diurnal patterns of spore dispersal by Leptosphaeria maculans from canola stubble in relation to environmental conditions (2005) Plant Disease, 89 (1), pp. 97-104. , DOI 10.1094/PD-89-0097; Huang, Y.-J., Fitt, B.D.L., Jedryczka, M., Dakowska, S., West, J.S., Gladders, P., Steed, J.M., Li, Z.-Q., Patterns of ascospore release in relation to phoma stem canker epidemiology in England (Leptosphaeria maculans) and Poland (Leptosphaeria biglobosa) (2005) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 111 (3), pp. 263-277. , DOI 10.1007/s10658-004-4421-0; Jedryczka, M., Plachka, E., Kaczmarek, J., Poslušna, J., Latunde-Dada, A.O., Maczynska, A., Monitoring of leptosphaeria maculans and l. Biglobosa ascospores around east sudethian mountains -a joint initiative of poland and the czech republic (2010) Rosliny Oleiste, 31, pp. 49-66; Jedryczka, M., Rouxel, T., Balesdent, M.-H., Rep-PCR based genomic fingerprinting of isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans from Poland (1999) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 105 (8), pp. 813-823. , DOI 10.1023/A:1008713907780; Kaczmarek, J., Jedryczka, M., Fitt, B., Lucas, J.A., Latunde-Dada, A.O., Analyses of air samples for ascospores of leptosphaeria maculans and l. Biglobosa by light microscopy and molecular techniques (2009) Journal of Applied Genetics, 50, pp. 411-419; Khangura, R., Speijers, J., Barbetti, M.J., Salam, M.U., Diggle, A.J., Epidemiology of blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) of canola (Brassica napus) in relation to maturation of pseudothecia and discharge of ascospores in Western Australia (2007) Phytopathology, 97 (8), pp. 1011-1021. , DOI 10.1094/PHYTO-97-8-1011; Kuusk, A.K., Happstadius, I., Zhou, L., Steventon, L.A., Giese, H., Dixelius, C., Presence of leptosphaeria maculans group a and group b isolates in sweden (2002) Journal of Phytopathology, 150, pp. 349-356; Lacey, M.E., West, J.S., (2006) The Air Spora -A Manual For Catching And Identifying Airborne Biological Particles, , Springer, Dordrecht; Liu, S.Y., Liu, Z., Fitt, B.D.L., Evans, N., Foster, S.J., Huang, Y.J., Latunde-Dada, A.O., Lucas, J.A., Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in Brassica napus (oilseed rape) induced by L biglobosa and chemical defence activators in field and controlled environments (2006) Plant Pathology, 55 (3), pp. 401-412. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01354.x; Lob, S., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., Jones, E.E., First report of leptosphaeria biglobosa as a stem canker pathogen of brassicas in new zealand (2013) Plant Disease, , PDIS-12-12-1122-PDN; Lo-Pelzer, E., Aubertot, J.N., David, O., Jeuffroy, M.H., Bousset, L., Relationship between severity of blackleg (leptosphaeria maculans/l. Biglobosa species complex) and subsequent primary inoculum production on oilseed rape stubble (2009) Plant Pathology, 58, pp. 61-70; McGee, D.C., Blackleg (leptosphaeria maculans (desm. ) ces. Et de not. ) of rapeseed in victoria: Sources of infection and relationships between inoculum, environmental factors and disease severity (1977) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 28, pp. 53-62; Salam, M.U., Fitt, B.D.L., Aubertot, J.-N., Diggle, A.J., Huang, Y.J., Barbetti, M.J., Gladders, P., Sivasithamparam, K., Two weather-based models for predicting the onset of seasonal release of ascospores of Leptosphaeria maculans or L biglobosa (2007) Plant Pathology, 56 (3), pp. 412-423. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01551.x; Salam, M.U., Khangura, R.K., Diggle, A.J., Barbetti, M.J., Blackleg sporacle: A model for predicting onset of pseudothecia maturity and seasonal ascospore showers in relation to blackleg of canola (2003) Phytopathology, 93 (9), pp. 1073-1081; Sexton, A.C., Howlett, B.J., Green fluorescent protein as a reporter in the Brassica-Leptosphaeria maculans interaction (2001) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 58 (1), pp. 13-21. , DOI 10.1006/pmpp.2000.0307; Toscano-Underwood, C., West, J.S., Fitt, B.D.L., Todd, A.D., Jedryczka, M., Development of phoma lesions on oilseed rape leaves inoculated with ascospores of A-group or B-group Leptosphaeria maculans (stem canker) at different temperatures and wetness durations (2001) Plant Pathology, 50 (1), pp. 28-41. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00526.x; West, J.S., Biddulph, J.E., Fitt, B.D.L., Gladders, P., Epidemiology of leptosphaeria maculans in relation to forecasting stem canker severity on winter oilseed rape in the uk (1999) Annals of Applied Biology, 135, pp. 535-546; West, J.S., Fitt, B.D.L., Leech, P.K., Biddulph, J.E., Huang, Y.-J., Balesdent, M.-H., Effects of timing of Leptosphaeria maculans ascospore release and fungicide regime on phoma leaf spot and phoma stem canker development on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in southern England (2002) Plant Pathology, 51 (4), pp. 454-463. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00726.x; West, J.S., Kharbanda, P.D., Barbetti, M.J., Fitt, B.D.L., Epidemiology and management of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) on oilseed rape in Australia, Canada and Europe (2001) Plant Pathology, 50 (1), pp. 10-27. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00546.x; White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J.W., Ampliication and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal rna genes for phylogenetics (1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, pp. 315-322. , In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ ed. Academic Press Inc. , New York, USA PY - 2013 SP - 214-222 ST - Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa disease progression in oilseed rape and timing of ascospore release under New Zealand conditions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa disease progression in oilseed rape and timing of ascospore release under New Zealand conditions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886018013&partnerID=40&md5=60e27d228476138cce05de590384a619 VL - 66 ID - 208 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Entomopathogenic fungi could provide feasible pest management options for control of Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), an important pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand. In laboratory trials BotaniGard® ES and BotaniGard® 22WP (Beauveria bassiana; GHA strain) resulted in average nymph mortality of 82%, which was signiicantly greater than the conventional insecticide Oberon® (63%) or the microbial standard eNtocide L™ (63%) (P<0.01). Met52® (Metarhizium anisopliae; F52 strain), Mycotrol®O (B. bassiana; GHA strain) and Lecanicillium muscarium isolates resulted in 91- 100% adult and 55-70% nymph mortality. NoFly™ WP (Isaria fumosorosea; FE9901 strain), PreFeRal® 20WG (I. fumosorosea; Apopka 97 strain) and endemic I. fumosorosea isolate were less eficacious than other treatments. In greenhouse trials the application of BotaniGard® ES resulted in the greatest reduction in B. cockerelli infestation on both capsicums (88%) and tomatoes (83%). The performance of BotaniGard® ES was not adversely inluenced by environmental conditions, unlike Met52® EC. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Mauchline, N. A. AU - Stannard, K. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbott, W.S., A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide (1925) Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, pp. 265-267; Butt, T.M., Goettel, M.S., Bioassays for entomogenous fungi (2000) Bioassays Of Entomopathogen Microbes And Nematodes, pp. 141-195. , In: Navon A, Ascher KRS ed. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK; (2008), http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/protection/evaluation/existactive/ BIPESCO-5-F52.pdf, European Commission Health & Consumers Directorate-General Review report for the active substance Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae BIPESO 5/F52. accessed May 2012); Ferguson, G., Shipp, L., New pests in ontario greenhouse vegetables (2002) Proceedings of the Working Group meeting, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 25 (1), pp. 69-72. , Working Group "International Control in Protected Crops, Temperate Climate". 6-9 May 2002. Bulletin OILB/SROP; Goettel, M.S., Inglis, G.D., Fungi: Hyphomycetes (1997) Manual of techniques in insect pathology, pp. 213-247. , In: Lacey LA ed. Academic Press, San Diego, USA; Nederhoff, E., (1998) HortFACT: Growing Greenhouse Capsicums, , www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/hortfacts/hf359001.htm, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited. accessed May 2012); Jaques, R.P., Patterson, N.A., Control of apple sucker, psylla mali schmibd. , by the fungus entomophthora sphaerosperma (fresenius) (1962) Canadian Entomologist, 94, pp. 818-825; Kale, A., (2011), http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/users/Image/Downloads/PDFs/ Potato%20Economic%20survey%20Report%20Jun%202011-V2.pdf, Report on the economic and business impacts of potato psyllid on the potato industry. (accessed 10 May 2013); Lacey, L.A., Liu, T.X., Buchnam, J.L., Munyaneza, J.E., Goolsby, J.A., Horton, D.R., Entomopathogenic fungi (hypocreales) for control of potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli (šulc) (hemiptera: Triozidae) in an area endemic for zebra chip disease of potato (2011) Biological Control, 56, pp. 271-278; Lacey, L.A., De La Rosa, F., Horton, D.R., Insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic fungi (hypocreales) for potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli (hemiptera: Triozidae): Development of bioassay techniques, effect of fungal species and stage of the psyllid (2009) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 19, pp. 957-970; Liefting, L.W., Perez-Egusquiza, Z.C., Clover, G.R.G., Anderson, J.A.D., A new 'candidatus liberibacter' species in solanum tuberosum in new zealand (2008) Plant Disease, 92 (10), p. 1474; (2009) Potatotomato Psyllid Bactericera Cockerelli, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/potatotomato-psyllid, MPI Biosecurity New Zealand accessed 10 May 2013); Mauchline, N., Hallett, I., Hill, G., Casonato, S., Process of infection of armored scale insects (diaspididae) by an entomopathogen cosmospora spp (2011) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 8 (1), pp. 46-51; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (homoptera psyllidae) with "zebra chip," a new potato disease in Southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3), pp. 656-663. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[656:AOBCHP]2.0.CO;2; (2009) Controlling The Tomato/Potato Psyllid In The Home Garden, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/pests/potato-tomato-psyllid/ psyllid-factsheet.pdf, Plant & Food Research Ltd accessed 10 May 2013; Teulon, D.A.J., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielson, M.-C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in new zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Vidal, C., Fargues, J., (2007) Climatic Constraints For Fungal Bioinsecticides, pp. 39-55. , In: Ekesi S, Maniania NK ed. Use of entomopathogenic fungi in biological pest management. Research Signpost, Kerala, India; Villacarlos, L.T., Robin, R.P., Entomopathogenous fungi infecting heteropsylla cubana crawford (homoptera: Psyllidae) in leyte, philippines (1989) Tropical Pest Management, 35, pp. 120-122 PY - 2013 SP - 324-332 ST - Evaluation of selected entomopathogenic fungi and bio-insecticides against bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of selected entomopathogenic fungi and bio-insecticides against bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886031306&partnerID=40&md5=e07beed8ca3fa9605d3336494d5834cd VL - 66 ID - 240 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mating disruption for leafrollers has been conducted on a commercial scale using a single multi-species pheromone dispenser on contiguous blocks of cherries in Central Otago for 4 years. Pheromone trap and packhouse results were collected from isolated untreated (65.4 ha) and pheromone-treated cherry orchard areas (76.4 ha) in the Cromwell district. In untreated cherry orchards, catches of light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) were exceptionally high (3.8 males/trap/day), with lower catches of Planotortrix octo (0.25 males/ trap/day). Catches of both species were strongly disrupted in the treated areas, reducing E. postvittana to 0.0036 moths/trap/day and P. octo to nil. Trap catches of both species have increased steadily over 5 years (2008/09 to 20012/13) in blocks not using mating disruption. Packhouse results showed that all of the fruit inspected from both treated and untreated areas were free of leafroller infestations in 2012/13. Insecticide use in the pheromone-treated areas was reduced by one application, compared with the areas without pheromone. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - McLaren, G. F. AU - Suckling, D. M. AU - El-Sayed, A. M. AU - Hislop, B. T. AU - Jones, T. F. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: El-Sayed, A.M., (2013) The Pherobase: Database Of Pheromones And Semiochemicals, , www.pherobase.com, accessed 15/05/2013); McLaren, G.F., Fraser, J.A., McDonald, R.M., The feasibility of hot water disinfestation of summerfruit (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Society Conference, pp. 425-430; Mclaren, G.F., Fraser, J.A., Suckling, D.M., Mating disruption for the control of leafrollers on apricots (1998) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26 (4), pp. 259-268; McLaren, G.F., Suckling, D.M., Pheromone trapping of orchard lepidopterous pests in central otago (1993) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 21, pp. 25-31; Rogers, D.J., Walker, J.T.S., Moen, I.C., Weibel, F., Lo, P.L., Cole, L.M., Understorey inluence on leafroller populations in hawke's bay organic apple orchards (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 168-173; Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science Application, 4, pp. 357-362; Suckling, D., Rogers, D., Shaw, P., Disruption of light-brown apple moth epiphyas postvittana (walker)(lepidoptera, tortricidae) trapping in nelson, new-zealand (1990) Australian Journal of Zoology, 38, pp. 363-373; Suckling, D.M., Green, S.R., Gibb, A.R., Karg, G., Predicting atmospheric concentration of pheromone in treated apple orchards (1999) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 25 (1), pp. 117-139; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Clare, G.K., Boyd Wilson, K.S.H., Hall, C., El-Sayed, A.M., Stevens, P.S., Development and commercialisation of pheromone products in New Zealand (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 267-273; Suckling, D.M., McLaren, G.F., Manning, L.M., Mitchell, V.J., Attield, B., Colhoun, K., El-Sayed, A.M., Development of single dispensers for suppression of epiphyas postvittana planotortrix octo and ctenopseustis obliquana in new zealand stonefruit orchards (2012) Pest Management Science, 68, pp. 928-934; Walker, J., Rogers, D., Lo, P., Suckling, D., El-Sayed, A.M., Fraser, T., Horner, R., Use of mating disruption for control of new zealand leafrollers in apple orchards (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 215-221; Witzgall, P., Kirsch, P., Cork, A., Sex pheromones and their impact on pest management (2010) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36, pp. 80-100 PY - 2013 SP - 132-137 ST - Multiple species mating disruption of leafrollers in cherries in central otago T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Multiple species mating disruption of leafrollers in cherries in central otago UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886002182&partnerID=40&md5=dd6ca332eaac453572bdec39467ab317 VL - 66 ID - 196 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Downy mildew of boysenberry is caused by the biotrophic pathogen Peronospora sparsa. To ensure supplies of viable spore inoculum for infection experiments, six storage methods were assessed: the leaf discs cut from sporulating areas of the leaf stored dry or in 20% glycerol, and spores were suspended in 20% glycerol, all three of which were stored at either -20°C or -80°C. After 1, 2, 4 or 6 months storage, spore viability and the capability to infect leaf discs were evaluated. Storage methods had no signiicant effects on spore germination or infection. Storage time and temperature signiicantly (P<0.001) affected spore viability and infection, being greatest after 1 month and at -80°C. Overall, viability of spores stored as suspensions at -80°C (the most effective treatment) was greater than all other methods tested, and spore germination decreased from over 60% after 1 month of storage to less than 5% after 4 months. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Mudiyanselage, A. M. H. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Walter, M. AU - Langford, G. I. AU - Jones, E. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Breese, W.A., Shattock, R.C., Williamson, B., In vitro spore germination and infection of cultivars of rubus and rosa by downy mildews from both hosts (1994) Annals of Applied Biology, 125, pp. 73-85. , Hackett C; Dodd, S.L., Boyd-Wilson, K., Shanmuganathan, D., Walter, M., The use of a pcr diagnostic test to predict and control peronospora sparsa, downy mildew of boysenberry (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, p. 306. , (Abstract only); Ellis, M.A., Converse, R.H., Williams, R.N., Williamson, B., Compendium of raspberry and blackberry diseases and insects (second printing ed. ) (1991) American Phytopathological Society, , APS Press, The St. Paul, USA; Gill, T.S., Davidson, J.A., A preservation method for Peronospora viciae conidia (2005) Australasian Plant Pathology, 34 (2), pp. 259-260. , DOI 10.1071/AP05015; Gulya, T.J., Masirevic, S., Thomas, C.E., Preservation of air-dried downy mildew sporangia in liquid nitrogen without cryoprotectants or controlled freezing (1993) Mycological Research, 97, pp. 240-244; Herath Mudiyanselage, A.M., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., Walter, M., Langford, G.I., Jones, E.E., Evaluation of methods for sterilising boysenberry leaves for downy mildew infection studies (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, p. 297. , (Abstract only); Hubalek, Z., Protectants used in the cryopreservation of microorganisms (2003) Cryobiology, 46 (3), pp. 205-229. , DOI 10.1016/S0011-2240(03)00046-4; Klodt-Bussmann, E., Paul, V.H., Results on preservation and aggressiveness of peronospora parasitica and results with regard to the disease reistance of the pathogen on winter oilseed rape (1995) Journal of Phytopathology, 143, pp. 613-617. , (Abstract only); Laviola, C., Cannizzaro, G., Conigliaro, G., Burruano, S., Simple techniques for long-term storage of plasmopara viticola (2006) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 45, pp. 271-275; Richards, C., (2002) Organic Control Of Downy Mildew In Boysenberries-Ssf Project Summary [Sff Project Summary], , http://maxa.maf.govt.nz/sff/about-projects/search/L02-017/index.htm, accessed October 2011) PY - 2013 SP - 254-258 ST - Evaluation of methods for long term storage of the boysenberry downy mildew pathogen Peronospora sparsa T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of methods for long term storage of the boysenberry downy mildew pathogen Peronospora sparsa UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885968531&partnerID=40&md5=9790384b5abada3e76d787b4846598fc VL - 66 ID - 201 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Root crops are major food crops and export commodities in the South Paciic. However, the presence of mites and nematodes results in rejection or treatment of these crops exported to New Zealand. Current disinfestation methods relying on fumigation result in shorter produce shelf life. This paper summarises the organisms intercepted on root crops from the Paciic Islands and sent for identiication in New Zealand, with particular reference to mites and nematodes. Results of a laboratory experiment examining the response of representative mite and nematode species to hot water treatment indicated times of less than 4 min at 48°C or 2 min at 49°C resulted in 99% mortality. The implications of these heat treatments for root crops are discussed. Additionally rearing methods are presented for two mite species: a mould mite and a bulb mite. These species will be relevant for use in future New Zealand and Paciic Island disinfestation studies. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Bell, N. L. AU - Rohan, T. C. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Clare, G. K. AU - Kean, A. M. AU - Davis, V. A. AU - Grifin, M. J. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aalders, L., James, T., McNeill, M., Excavators and dirt: Assessign the quarantine risk posed by nematodes and seeds (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, p. 298. , (Abstract only); Bot, J., Meyer, M.K.P., An artiicial rearing medium for acarid mites (1967) Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa, 29, pp. 19-9; Coyne, D., Wasukira, A., Dusabe, J., Rotifa, I., Dubois, T., Boiling water treatment: A simple, rapid and effective technique for nematode and banana weevil management in banana and plantain (musa spp.) planting material (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 1478-1482; De Lima, C., Final report: Cost effective disinfestation treatments for paciic horticulture (2009) Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), , http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/11329/PC-2008-029.pdf, Canberra, Australia. (accessed 20 April 2013); Diaz, A., Okabe, K., Eckenrode, C.J., Villani, M.G., Oconnor, B.M., Biology, ecology, and management of the bulb mites of the genus Rhizoglyphus (Acari: Acaridae) (2000) Experimental and Applied Acarology, 24 (2), pp. 85-113. , DOI 10.1023/A:1006304300657; Hot water treatment of strawberry plants to control aphelenchoides besseyi and aphelenchoides fragariae (2012) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 42, pp. 493-495. , European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization; Gaur, H., Sehgal, M., Anhydrobiotic survival of the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita (1993) Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 1, pp. 8-14; Hara, A.H., Heat as a sustainable postharvest disinfestation treatment for export horticultural crops (2013) Acta Horticulturae, 973, pp. 45-54; Hellqvist, S., Heat tolerance of strawberry tarsonemid mite Phytonemus pallidus (2002) Annals of Applied Biology, 141 (1), pp. 67-71; Hunt, D., (1993) Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae: Their systematics and bionomics., , CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Jones, V.M., Waddell, B.C., Mortality responses of tydeid mite following hot water treatment (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 21-26; Kok, H., Conijn, C., Aanhold, H.V., An improved hot water treatment (hwt) for controlling nematodes and mites in oriental lilies (2008) Presented at the 10th International Symposium on Flower Bulbs and Herbaceous Perennials, Lisse, Netherlands.Book of Abstracts, 10th International Symposium on Flower Bulbs and Herbaceous Perennials., p. 88. , (Abstract only); Lee, Y.J., Park, Y.H., Kim, K.K., Lee, H.S., Insect disinfestation and quality change of 'fuyu' persimmon fruit inluenced by hot-water treatment methods and map storage (2010) Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 28, pp. 234-241; Lester, P.J., Dentener, P.R., Bennett, K.V., Connolly, P.G., Postharvest disinfestation of diapausing and non-diapausing twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on persimmons: Hot water immersion and coolstorage (1997) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 83 (2), pp. 189-193. , DOI 10.1023/A:1002915806111; McGregor, A., Afeaki, P., Armstrong, J., Hamilton, A., Hollyer, J., Masamdu, R., Nalder, K., (2011) Paciic Island taro market access scoping study., , http://archives.pireport.org/archive/2011/April/MARKET-ACCESS-STUDY-TARO- MARCH-2011[1].pdf, (accessed 20 April 2013); McNeill, M., Aalders, L., Richards, N., James, T., Young, S., Phillips, C., Update on better border biosecurity (b3) project 2.2 -pathway risk factors (2012) Ministry of Primary Industries, p. 19. , Wellington, New Zealand; http://ipm.ncsu.edu/AG136/mite2.html, NCSU 2013.Bulb Mites. accessed 22 April 2013); Neven, L., Wang, S., Tang, J., An improved system to assess insect tolerance to heated controlled atmosphere quarantine treatment (2012) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 143, pp. 95-100; Nguyen, T.T.C., Nguyen, T.S., Tran, M.T., Nguyen, V., Lam, M.D., Pilon, M., Hot water treatment prevents aphelenchoides besseyi damage to polianthes tuberosa crops in the mekong delta of vietnam (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 599-602; Perry, R., Moens, M., Starr, J., (2009) Root-knot nematodes., p. 488. , CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Southey, J., Nematode pests of ornamental and bulb crops (1993) Plant parasitic nematodes in temperate agriculture, pp. 463-500. , In: Evans K, Trudgill DL, Webster JM ed CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Szendrey, G., Dulinafka, G., Szegedi, E., Elimination of mites from the buds of dormant grapevine cuttings by hot-water treatment (1995) Vitis, 34, pp. 65-66; Tsang, M.M.C., Hara, A.H., Shintaku, M.H., Thermal tolerance of propagative anthurium stem cuttings to disinfestation by heat treatment for burrowing nematodes and bacterial blight (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 525-531; (2013) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Treatment Manual., , http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import-export/plants/manuals/ports/downloads/ treatment.pdf, USDA (accessed 20 April 2013); Van Leeuwen, P.J., Trompert, J., Controlling aphelenchoides subtenuis nematodes with a hot water treatment in crocus and allium (2011) Acta Horticulturae.International Society for Horticultural Science, pp. 271-274. , In: Ende JEvd, Krikke AT, Nijs APMd ed. Leuven, Belgium; Zhang, Z.Q., (2003) Revision of the genus Rhizoglyphus of New Zealand and Australia., p. 25. , Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand PY - 2013 SP - 17-28 ST - Interception and hot water treatment of mites and nematodes on root crops from the pacific islands T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Interception and hot water treatment of mites and nematodes on root crops from the pacific islands UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886037011&partnerID=40&md5=1163e4320f2ba0a85f184453e9bf9c00 VL - 66 ID - 228 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Taewa (Solanum tuberosum L.) production is threatened by a new insect pest, the tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc.), and the bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso)) vectored by the psyllid. Lso is known to reduce potato yields and can infect seed tubers, but less is known for taewa speciically. In this study tubers from 17 taewa lines were tested for Lso using a qPCR assay, grown in a greenhouse and assessed for symptoms of tuber-borne Lso. Lso was detected by qPCR in three tubers. The Lso-positive tubers were from three lines from two North Island seed sources; no Lso was detected in the seven South Island lines tested. In the greenhouse trial, two of the three Lso-positive tubers emerged and one grew normally. The greenhouse trial detected disease symptoms associated with Lso in several other lines, but other potato viruses and diseases cause similar symptoms, and this area needs further study. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Puketapu, A. J. AU - Gardner-Gee, R. AU - Tooman, L. K. AU - Beard, S. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anderson, J.A.D., Walker, G.P., Alspach, P.A., Jeram, M., Wright, P.J., Assessment of susceptibility to zebra chip and bactericera cockerelli of selected potato cultivars under different insecticide regimes in new zealand (2012) American Journal of Potato Research, 90, pp. 58-65; Beard, S.S., Pitman, A.R., Kraberger, S., Scott, I.A.W., Sybr green real-time quantitative pcr for the speciic detection and quantiication of 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' in ield samples from new zealand (2012) European Journal of Plant Pathology, , (early electronic view) [ DOI 10. 1007/s10658-012-0156-5]; Berry, N., Jorgensen, N., Taylor, N., (2011), http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/users/Image/Downloads/PDFs/ National%20TPP%20monitoring-PFR-2011.pdf, TPP Monitoring Update. Sustainable TPP Management SFF, Objective 4 + TPP Monitoring Support Project. accessed 18 March 2013); Cameron, R.J., Destruction of the indigenous forests for maori agriculture during the nineteenth century (1964) New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 9, pp. 98-109; (2005) Virus Problems Of Potatoes, , http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/NewsArticles/Potato-Virus.htm, Cornell University [accessed 21 March 2013]; Harris, G.F., Niha, P.P., (1999), p. 65. , Nga Riwai Maori Maori Potatoes. M. Phil. thesis, Massey University, New Zealand; Harvey, R.B., Reichenberg, A., Lenher, B., Haimi, P.C., Hairsprout of potatoes (1944) Plant Physiology, 19, pp. 186-197; Henne, D.C., Workneh, F., Wen, A., Pashe, J.S., Gumstead, N.C., Rush, C.M., Characterization and epidemiological signiicance of potato plants grown from seed tubers affected by zebra chip disease (2010) Plant Disease, 94 (6), pp. 659-665; (2012) Growing Potatoes Tomatoes And Peppers With Psyllids, , http://www.koanga.org.nz/index.php/blog/cat/Pest-Control/post/ Growing-Potatoes-Tomatoes-and-Peppers-with-Psyllids, Koanga Institute accessed 19 March 2013); Levy, J., Ravindran, A., Gross, D., Tamborindeguy, C., Pierson, E., Translocation of 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum', the zebra chip pathogen, in potato and tomato (2011) Phytopathology, 101 (11), pp. 1285-1291; Nicot, N., Hausman, J.-F., Hoffmann, L., Evers, D., Housekeeping gene selection for real-time RT-PCR normalization in potato during biotic and abiotic stress (2005) Journal of Experimental Botany, 56 (421), pp. 2907-2914. , DOI 10.1093/jxb/eri285; Pitman, A.R., Drayton, G.M., Kraberger, S.J., Genet, R.A., Scott, I.A.W., Tuber transmission of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum and its association with zebra chip in potato (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129, pp. 389-398; Roskruge, N.R., (1999) Taewa Maori, Their Management, Social Importance And Commercial Viability, , Research Report Presented in Partial Fulilment of the Requirements of the Diploma in Maori Resource Development at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Roskruge, N.R., (2007) Hokia ki te whenua, p. 263. , PhD thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Scott, I., Beard S Farhat, S., (2011) MAF SFF TPP Sustainable Management: Milestone 5: Improved Liberibacter Diagnostics, , http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/users/Image/Downloads/PDFs/ Liberibacter%20diagnostics-PFR-June%202011.pdf, accessed 18 March 2013) PY - 2013 SP - 356-364 ST - A survey of maori potato (taewa) seed tubers for the presence of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A survey of maori potato (taewa) seed tubers for the presence of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885989686&partnerID=40&md5=bcc4375eed69b42fe2360bfa557dcedf VL - 66 ID - 215 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A biochemical viability assay was recently developed to quickly and easily assess the viability of small immobile arthropods, including eggs, intercepted on plant products. On inding a viable specimen, species identiication often becomes the next hurdle. This paper demonstrates that ampliiable DNA is present in a used biochemical viability assay solution, and can be used for making taxonomic identiications. Cryptically labelled heattreated and untreated eggs of three weevil species (Listronotus bonariensis, Sitona lepidus and S. discoideus) were irst tested for viability, then a 1135 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene was ampliied from each viability assay solution in the presence of a luorescent dye, SYBR Green. Melt curve analysis of the amplicons (n=36) revealed three distinct melt proiles that correctly corresponded to each of the three weevil species. This shows that the biochemical viability assay is compatible with the application of subsequent molecular identiication methods, which will facilitate the appropriate management response. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Richards, N. K. AU - Winder, L. M. AU - Iline, I. I. AU - Novoselov, M. A. AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Phillips, C. B. DB - Scopus DO - 28310.21371/journal.pone.002838; Floyd, R., Lima, J., DeWaard, J., Humble, L., Hanner, R., Common goals: Policy implications of dna barcoding as a protocol for identiication of arthropod pests (2010) Biological Invasions, 12, pp. 2947-2954; Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., Vrijenhoek, R., Dna primers for ampliication of mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase subunit i from diverse metazoan invertebrates (1994) Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, pp. 294-299; Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L., DeWaard, J.R., Biological identifications through DNA barcodes (2003) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270 (1512), pp. 313-321. , DOI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2218; Hulme, P.E., Trade, transport and trouble: Managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 10-18; Jamieson, L., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N., Connolly, P., DeSilva, N., Phillips, C.B., Coolstorage and controlled atmosphere coolstorage treatments to disinfest kiwifruit of live greedy scale (hemiberlesia rapax) -final report. A report prepared for: Zespri group ltd project em0810 -mitigating current and future market access threats (part 3) (2009) Plant & Food Research Ltd, p. 25. , Auckland, New Zealand; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Brash, D.W., Klementz, D., Bycroft, B.L., Connolly, P.G., Woolf, A.B., Phosphine fumigation to disinfest kiwifruit (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 35-43; Jinbo, U., Kato, T., Ito, M., Current progress in dna barcoding and future implications for entomology (2011) Entomological Science, 14, pp. 107-124; Kriticos, D.J., Phillips, C.B., Suckling, D.M., Improving border biosecurity: Potential economic beneits to new zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 1-6; Marshall, G.A.K., New curculionidae collected from new zealand (1937) The Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 67, pp. 316-340; McNeill, M., Phillips, C., Young, S., Shah, F., Alders, L., Bell, N., Gerard, E., Littlejohn, R., Transportation of nonindigenous species via soil on international aircraft passengers' footwear (2011) Biological Invasions, 13, pp. 2799-2815; Phillips, C.B., Barratt, B.I.P., A guide to assist detection of newly arrived sitona species (coleoptera: Curculionidae) in new zealand and australia (2004) Proceedings of 8th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology., pp. 22-33; Phillips, C.B., Baird, D.B., Iline, I.I., McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., Goldson, S.L., Kean, J.M., East meets west: Adaptive evolution of an insect introduced for biological control (2008) Journal of Applied Ecology, 45 (3), pp. 948-956. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01461.x; Phillips, C.B., Iline, I., Novoselov, M., McNeill, M.R., Richards, N., Van Koten, C., Time between methyl bromide fumigation and mortality of musca domestica linnaeus (house ly) eggs (2012) Ministry for Primary Industries operational research paper., p. 60. , http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications.aspx, ISBN No: 978-0-478-38840-4; Phillips, C., Iline, I., Novoselov, M., Richards, N., McNeill, M., Development and validation of a quick, easily used biochemical assay for evaluating the viability of small immobile arthropods (2013) Journal of Economic Entomology, 106. , in press; Ririe, K.M., Rasmussen, R.P., Wittwer, C.T., Product differentiation by analysis of DNA melting curves during the polymerase chain reaction (1997) Analytical Biochemistry, 245 (2), pp. 154-160. , DOI 10.1006/abio.1996.9916; Vink, C.J., Phillips, C.B., First record of Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal 1834 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Norfolk Island (2007) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 34 (4), pp. 283-287; Winder, L., Phillips, C., Richards, N., Ochoa-Corona, F., Hardwick, S., Vink, C.J., Goldson, S., Evaluation of dna melting analysis as a tool for species identiication (2011) Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2, pp. 312-320 M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2013 SP - 29-33 ST - A biochemical viability assay is compatible with molecular methods for species identification T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A biochemical viability assay is compatible with molecular methods for species identification UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885983911&partnerID=40&md5=689c01bc116394626258ddb4d4c4673e VL - 66 ID - 241 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Codling moth, although rare on New Zealand export pipfruit, is a quarantine actionable pest that limits access to countries where it is not present and requires speciic control measures during production. Fumigation with phosphine gas is a disinfestation technology that has recently been extended to fresh produce. Apples infested with codling moth ifth instar larvae and eggs were fumigated for two durations at concentrations from 500 to 3500 ppm phosphine at two temperatures. Larval mortality assessed 3 days post fumigation at 0.5°C increased with increasing dose, with little difference between 48- and 72-h treatments. In contrast, mortality after fumigation of larvae at 12°C did not increase with dose and resulted in overall higher mortality than 0.5°C. Codling moth eggs were more susceptible to fumigation at 0.5°C than at 12°C; fumigation at 12°C had minimal effect at all doses. The implications for improved market access using phosphine fumigation are discussed. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Bycroft, B. L. AU - Somerield, K. G. AU - Brash, D. W. AU - Klementz, D. AU - Cole, L. M. AU - Sharma, N. AU - Taylor, N. M. AU - Page, B. B. C. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Waddell, B. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbott, W.S., A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide (1925) Economic Entomology, 18, pp. 265-257; (1993) Notiication No 582 Modiication of details concerning ixing the standard by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in connection with fresh apple varieties such as Gala, pp. 199-3. , Anonymous Granny Smith, Fuji, Braeburn, Red Delicious and Royal Gala shipped from New Zealand Annex: 1(4) MAFF Japan Plant Quarantine Law: May 28; (2001) Protection of stratospheric ozone: Process for exempting quarantine and preshipment applications of methyl bromide, , http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2001-07-19/pdf/FR-2001-07-19.pdf, Anonymous Interim and inal rule.Federal Register, 19 July 2001.accessed 14 May 2013). 37751-3776-9; (2013) R Core Team.R: A Language And Environment For Statistical Computing.R Foundation For Statistical Computing., , http://www.R-project.org/, Anonymous accessed 12 April 2013); Ashby, M.D., Singh, P., Clare, G.K., Cydia pomonella (1985) Handbook of insect rearing, pp. 237-248. , In: Singh P, Moore RF ed. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam; Bo, L., Fanhua, Z., Yuejin, W., Toxicity of phosphine to carposina niponensis (lepidoptera: Carposinadae) at low temperature (2010) Journal of Economic Entomology, 103, pp. 1988-1993; Brinton, F.E., Proverbs, M.D., Carty, B.E., Artiicial diet for mass production of the codling moth, carpocapsa pomonella (lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) (1969) Canadian Entomologist, 101, pp. 577-584; Chaudhry, M.Q., A review of the mechanisms involved in the action of phosphine as an insecticide and phosphine resistance in stored-product insects (1997) Pesticide Science, 49 (3), pp. 213-228; Chaudhry, M.Q., Bell, H.A., Savvidou, N., MacNicoll, A.D., Effect of low temperatures on the rate of respiration and uptake of phosphine in different life stages of the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne (F) (2004) Journal of Stored Products Research, 40 (2), pp. 125-134. , DOI 10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00093-0; Dentener, P.R., Alexander, S.M., Petry, R.J., O'Connor, G.M., Lester, P.J., Bennett, K.V., Maindonald, J.H., Effect of a Combined Methyl Bromide Fumigation and Cold Storage Treatment on Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Mortality on Apples (1998) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91 (2), pp. 528-533; Horn, P., Horn, F., Tumambing, J., Rogers, M., Studies and commercial application of vaporph3os phosphine fumigant for disinfestation of exported fruits and vegetables in south america (2010) Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 880, pp. 407-414; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Brash, D.W., Klementz, D., Bycroft, B.L., Connolly, P.G., Woolf, A.B., Phosphine fumigation to disinfest kiwifruit (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 35-43; Johnston, J.W., Hewett, E.W., Hertog, M.L.A.T.M., Apple (Malus domestica) softening in the postharvest coolchain: Effects of delayed cooling and shelf-life temperatures (2005) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 33 (3), pp. 283-292; Liu, Y.-B., Oxygen enhances phosphine toxicity for postharvest pest control (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, pp. 1455-1461; Liu, Y.-B., Oxygenated phosphine fumigation for control of nasonovia ribisnigri (homoptera: Aphididae) on harvested lettuce (2012) Journal of Economic Entomology, 105, pp. 810-816; Venables, W.N., Ripley, B.D., (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S.Springer, , New York; Waddell, B.C., Petry, R.J., Mortality response of codling moth to methyl bromide fumigation and coolstorage (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 75-80; Walker, J.T.S., Wearing, C.H., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Burnip, G.M., Tomkins, A.R., Richardson, C., Hodson, A.J., Integrated fruit production (ifp) for new zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management recommendations (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 166-172 PY - 2013 SP - 75-81 ST - Efficacy of phosphine fumigation of apples for codling moth (cydia pomonella) disinfestation T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Efficacy of phosphine fumigation of apples for codling moth (cydia pomonella) disinfestation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885983587&partnerID=40&md5=e98d38cb54e7eeddeb768d916e2efbaf VL - 66 ID - 220 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The tomato-potato psyllid incurs high control costs through intensive spraying and other treatments. A ield study was conducted in March 2012 in Pukekohe, New Zealand, to evaluate the pesticide deposition potential of ive different spray delivery systems. The treatments included a conventional boom, a canopy submerged drop sprayer combination, a pneumatic electrostatic spraying system, an air-assisted rotary atomizer, and a highvolume air-assist boom. Each system was calibrated for appropriate spray volume rates between 167 and 400 litres/ha. Rhodamine WT luorescent dye used as a tracer was sampled on folded Kromekote® sampling cards oriented lat and horizontally above, central to, and below the canopy. Spray coverage rates were quantiied at designated heights adjacent to leaves to assess deposition throughout the potato canopy. All treatments that consisted of one or more novel technologies consistently gave higher coverage to the underside of the potato leaves than with the conventional boom. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Roten, R. L. AU - Hewitt, A. J. AU - Ledebuhr, M. AU - Thistle, H. AU - Connell, R. J. AU - Wolf, T. M. AU - Sankar, S. AU - Woodward, S. J. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2010) Anonymous accessed 14 February 2013), , http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/Overview/Our-Industry/Industry-proile.htm, Industry Proile; Cooke, B.K., Hislop, E.C., Harrengton, P.J., Western, N.M., Hupherson-Jones, F., Air-assisted spraying of arable crops, in relation to deposition, drift and pesticide performance (1990) Crop Protection, 9, pp. 303-311; Franz, E., Spray coverage analysis using a hand-held scanner (1993) Transactions of the ASAE, 36 (5), pp. 1271-1278; Fritz, B.K., Parker, C., Lopez Jr., J.D., Hoffmann, W.C., Schleider, P., Deposition and droplet sizing characterization of a laboratory spray table (2009) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 25 (2), pp. 175-180; Giles, D.K., Blewett, T.C., Effects of conventional and reduced-volume, chargedspray application techniques on dislodgeable foliar residue of captan on strawberries (1991) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 39, pp. 1646-1651; Gupta, P., Sirohi, N.P.S., Mishra, I.M., Air low characteristics of an air-assisted sprayer through horizontal crop canopy (2012) International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 5 (1), pp. 1-6; Haliburton, W., (1978) A Comparison Of Empirical Equations Used To Approximate The Drop/Stain Diameter Relationship Of A Volatile Oil-Based Spray Luid On Kromekote Paper, , Forest Pest management Institute, Environment Canada, Ontario. Report No. FPM-X-8; Hislop, E.C., Can we deine and achieve optimum pesticide deposits? (1987) Aspects of Applied Biology, 14, pp. 153-168; Hoffmann, W.C., Walker, T.W., Martin, D.E., Barber, J.A.B., Gwinn, T., Smith, V.L., Szumlas, D., Fritz, B.K., Characterization of truck-mounted atomization equipment typically used in vector control (2007) Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 23 (3), pp. 321-329. , DOI 10.2987/8756-971X(2007)23[321:COTAET]2.0.CO;2; Kale, A., (2011), http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/users/Image/Downloads/PDFs/ Potato%20Economic%20survey%20Report%20Jun%202011-V2.pdf, Report On The Economic And Business Impacts Of Potato Psyllid On The Potato Industry. (accessed 14 February 2013); Law, S.E., Agricultural electrostatic spray application: A review of signiicant research and development during the 20th century (2001) Journal of Electrostatics, 51, pp. 25-42; Mahmood, H.S., Iqbal, M., Hussain, K.A., Hamid, T., Improved surface coverage with environmentally effective University Boom Sprayer (2004) Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 41 (3-4), pp. 152-157; Nensen, C., Vaughn, K., Xue, Y., Rush, C.M., Workneh, F., Goolsby, J.A., Troxclair, N., Martini, X., Spray coverage and insecticide performance (2010) Proceedings of 10th Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, pp. 78-82. , SCRI Zebra Chip; Nordbo, E., Effects of nozzle size, travel speed and air assistance on deposition on artiicial vertical and horizontal targets in laboratory experiments (1992) Crop Protection, 11, pp. 272-278; Scudeler, F., Raetano, C.G., Spray deposition and losses in potato as a function of air-assistance and sprayer boom angle (2006) Scientia Agricola, 63 (6), pp. 515-521. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/sa/v63n6/a01v63n6.pdf; Sundaram, A., Sundaram, K.M.S., Leung, J.W., Droplet spreading and penetration of nonaqueous pesticide formulations and spray diluents in kromekote cards (1991) Transactions of the ASAE, 34 (5), pp. 1941-1951; Waite, R.A., (1977) Spread Factors Of Pesticidal Spray Formulations Of Kromekote Cards, , USDA Forest Service Research Notes PNW-286; Walklate, P.J., Weiner, K.-L., Parkin, C.S., Analysis of and experimental measurements made on a moving air-assisted sprayer with two-dimensional air-jets penetrating a uniform crop canopy (1996) Journal of Agricultural and Engineering Research, 63 (4), pp. 365-378; Womac, A.R., Mulrooney, J.E., Scott, W.P., Characteristics of air-assisted and drop-nozzle sprays in cotton (1992) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 35 (5), pp. 1369-1376 PY - 2013 SP - 317-323 ST - Evaluation of spray deposition in potatoes using various spray delivery systems T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of spray deposition in potatoes using various spray delivery systems UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886043285&partnerID=40&md5=c130949e72850dc07d9650742d678e6c VL - 66 ID - 212 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The impact of post acquisition period (PAP) on detection of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) in adult tomato potato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli) was investigated using qPCR assays on whole insects. Lso in adults was initially tested immediately after acquisition access periods (AAP) of 15, 24, 48, 72, 96 h or 1 week on Lsoinfected tomato leaves. These results were compared with those from adults with 15 or 24 h AAP followed by 24-, 48- or 72-h PAP on Lso-free tomato leaves. From 15-20 individuals of each treatment tested, 5-15% were positive for Lso immediately after AAP of 15 or 24 h. That increased to 84% and 100% with 24- and 48-h PAPs respectively, but decreased to 25-47% after 72 h. Longer AAP (48 h-1 week) without PAP did not exceed 55% acquisition success. The phloem ingestion and possible acquisition of Lso during 15 and 24 h plant access periods are discussed. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Tooman, L. K. AU - Hewett, R. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alfaro-Fernandez, A., Cebrian, M.C., Villaescusa, F.J., Hermoso De Mendoza, A., Ferrandiz, J.C., Sanjuan S Font, M.I., First report of 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' in carrot in mainland spain (2012) Plant Disease, 96, p. 582; Alfaro-Fernandez, A., Siverio, F., Cebrian, M.C., Villaescusa, F.J., Font, M.I., 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' associated with Bactericera trigonica-affected carrots in the Canary Islands (2012) Plant Disease, 96, p. 581; Ammar, E., Shatters Jr., R.G., Hall, D.G., Localization of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus, associated with citrus huanglongbing disease, in its psyllid vector using luorescence in situ hybridization (2011) Journal of Phytopathology, 159, pp. 726-734; Beard, S.S., Pitman, A.R., Kraberger, S., Scott, I.A.W., Sybr green real-time quantitative pcr for the speciic detection and quantiication of 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' in ield samples from new zealand (2013) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 136 (1), pp. 203-215; Beard, S.S., Scott, I.A.W., A rapid method for the detection and quantiication of the vectorborne bacterium 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' in the tomato potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli (2013) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 147, pp. 196-200; Buchman, J.L., Sengoda, V.G., Munyaneza, J.E., Vector transmission eficiency of liberibacter by bactericera cockerelli (hemiptera: Triozidae) in zebra chip potato disease: Effects of psyllid life stage and inoculation access period (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, pp. 1486-1495; Butler, C.D., Walker, G.P., Trumble, J.T., Feeding disruption of potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli, by imidacloprid as measured by electrical penetration graphs (2012) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 142, pp. 247-257; Daugherty, M.P., Lopes, J.R.S., Almeida, R.P.P., Vector within-host preference mediates transmission of a heterogeneously distributed pathogen (2010) Ecological Entomology, 35, pp. 360-366; Hansen, A.K., Trumble, J.T., Stouthamer, R., Paine, T.D., A new huanglongbing species, "candidatus liberibacter psyllaurous," found to infect tomato and potato, is vectored by the psyllid bactericera cockerelli (sulc) (2008) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74, pp. 5862-5865; Inoue, H., Ohnishi, J., Ito, T., Tomimura, K., Miyata, S., Iwanami, T., Ashihara, W., Enhanced proliferation and eficient transmission of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus by adult diaphorina citri after acquisition feeding in the nymphal stage (2009) Annals of Applied Biology, 155, pp. 29-36; Levy, J., Ravindran, A., Gross, D., Tamborindeguy, C., Pierson, E., (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 1285-1291. , Translocation Of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', the zebra chip pathogen, in potato and tomato; Liefting, L.W., Perez-Egusquiza, Z.C., Clover, G.R.G., Anderson, J.A.D., A new 'candidatus liberibacter' species in solanum tuberosum in new zealand (2008) Plant Disease, 92, p. 1474; Liefting, L.W., Sutherland, P.W., Ward, L.I., Paice, K.L., Weir, B.S., Clover, R.G., (2009) Plant Disease, 93, pp. 208-214. , A new 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species associated with diseases of Solanaceous crops; Martin, N.A., Host plants of the potato/tomato psyllid: A cautionary tale (2008) The Weta, 35, pp. 12-16; Munyaneza, J.E., Zebra chip disease of potato: Biology epidemiology and management (2012) American Journal of Potato Research, 89, pp. 329-350; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (homoptera psyllidae) with "zebra chip," a new potato disease in Southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3), pp. 656-663. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[656:AOBCHP]2.0.CO;2; Ogden, S.C., Tomato potato psyllid and liberibacter in new zealand -impact and research programme overview (2011) Proceedings of the 11th Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, pp. 173-177. , In: Workneh F, Rashed A, Rush CM ed. , San Antonio, Texas, USA, 6-9 November 2011; Pelz-Stelinski, K.S., Brlansky, R.H., Ebert, T.A., Rogers, M.E., Transmission parameters for candidatus liberibacter asiaticus by asian citrus psyllid (hemiptera: Psyllidae) (2010) Journal of Economic Entomology, 103, pp. 1531-1541; Puketapu, A.J., Gardner-Gee, R., Tooman, L.K., Beard, S.S., A survey of maori potato (taewa) seed tubers for the presence of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 356-364; Purcell, A.H., Insect vector relationships with prokaryotic plant pathogens (1982) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 20, pp. 397-417; Rashed, A.N.T.D., Paetzold, L., Workneh, F., Rush, C.M., Transmission eficiency of 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' and potato zebra chip disease progress in relation to pathogen titer, vector numbers, and feeding sites (2012) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 1079-1085; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Fereres, A., Real time epg recordings of tomatopotato psyllid (bactericera cockerelli) feeding on tomato (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, p. 294. , (abstract only); Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Moreno, A., Tooman, L., Page-Weir, N., Fereres, A., Stylet penetration activities of tomato potato psyllid associated with acquisition and inoculation of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum (2012) 24th International Congress of Entomology, , Daegu, Korea. CD abstract No. O401M07; Electronic recording of penetration behaviour by aphids (2008) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 24, pp. 721-730. , SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT 9. 2, User's Guide, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. Tjallingii WF 1978; Tjallingii, W.F., Wire effect on aphids during electrical recording of stylet penetration (1986) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 40, pp. 89-98; Teulon, D.A.J., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielsen, M.C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in new zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144 PY - 2013 SP - 365-373 ST - The impact of post acquisition period on detection of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in tomato potato psyllid T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The impact of post acquisition period on detection of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in tomato potato psyllid UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886007911&partnerID=40&md5=c5340fcc1970c266260dc56aaf718f14 VL - 66 ID - 211 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Elsinoe leaf and fruit spot is a minor disease of apple and pear. Very little is known of the biology and life cycle of the causal agent Elsinoe pyri. The fungus was isolated from spots on apple fruit, and grew very slowly on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The conditions needed for spore production were examined using different culturing media, plating techniques and culture ages. When small pieces of a 2- to 6-week-old culture from PDA were sub-cultured onto corn meal agar for 2 days, viable conidia were produced. Conidial germination occurred between 10°C and 26°C, with the highest germination percentage at 20°C and 26°C, and greatest germination tube elongation at 20°C. At least 200 conidia per leaf were required to infect 'Royal Gala' leaves. Typical elsinoe spots were visible 6 weeks after inoculation. Four months after inoculation, conidia from the spots were re-isolated onto PDA and grew into typical colonies of E. pyri. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Fisher, B. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Atkinson, J.D., (1971) Diseases Of Tree Fruits In New Zealand, pp. 68-69. , A. R. Shearer, Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand; Jenkins, A.E., Elsinoe on apple and pear (1932) Journal of Agricultural Research, 44 (9), pp. 689-700; Jenkins, A.E., Elsinoe piri in france and spain in the light of quarantine interceptions (1946) Mycologia, 38 (4), pp. 450-452; Jenkins, A.E., Watson, A.J., Sphaceloma-pirinum in association with phyllosticta-pirina (1972) Mycologia, 64 (2), pp. 441-443; Jenkins, A.E., Forsell, M.J., Boyle, L.W., Elsinoe piri discovered on apple and pear in western washington and oregon (1945) Phytopathology, 35 (6), pp. 486-486; Kono, A., Nakaune, R., Yamada, M., Nakano, M., Mitani, N., Ueno, T., Effect of cuture conditions on conidia formation by elsinoe ampelina, the causal organism of grapevine anthracnose (2009) Plant Disease, 93 (5), pp. 481-484; Osiewacz, H.D., Genes, mitochondria and aging in filamentous fungi (2002) Ageing Research Reviews, 1 (3), pp. 425-442. , DOI 10.1016/S1568-1637(02)00010-7, PII S1568163702000107; Schwartz, T., Osiewacz, H.D., Telomere length does not change during senescence of the ascomycete Podospora anserina (1996) Mutation Research - DNAging Genetic Instability and Aging, 316 (5-6), pp. 193-199. , DOI 10.1016/S0921-8734(96)90003-X; Simkovic, M., Ditte, P., Chovanec, P., Varecka, L., Lakatos, B., Changes in growth competence of aged Trichoderma viride vegetative mycelia (2007) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 91 (4), pp. 407-416. , DOI 10.1007/s10482-006-9126-2; Woronichin, N.N., Plectodiscella piri, der Vertreter einer neuen Ascomyceten-Gruppe (1914) Mycologisches Centralblatt, 4 (5), pp. 225-233 PY - 2013 SP - 308-316 ST - Isolation, spore production and Koch's postulates of elsinoe pyri T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Isolation, spore production and Koch's postulates of elsinoe pyri UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886036747&partnerID=40&md5=d4d6205d1a3c75003706a08f4a2ee08c VL - 66 ID - 233 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) logs exported from New Zealand must undergo fumigation to ensure they are free of phytosanitary insects to meet the requirements of importing countries. The goldenhaired bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda (F.), is one of the major hitch-hiker species that can infest New Zealand pine logs. Adults and larvae can be present in the bark and cambium layer of freshly cut logs. To examine ways of reducing rates of methyl bromide fumigation, diet containing both life stages (extracted from pine logs) was exposed to 0, 49 or 73 g/m3 methyl bromide for 16 h in 28-litre fumigation chambers at 5, 10, 15 or 20°C. Both the 49 g/m3 and 73 g/m3 methyl bromide exposures resulted in 100% mortality at all temperatures. Average mortality among controls was: larvae 7%, adults 23%. The results indicate that the present methyl bromide fumigation rates used for pine logs exported from New Zealand could be reduced. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Somerield, K. G. AU - Bycroft, B. L. AU - Brash, D. W. AU - Clark, J. N. AU - Hedderley, D. I. AU - Armstrong, J. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Armstrong, J.W., Brash, D., Hall, A., Waddell, B.C., Standardisation of methyl bromide use for new zealand log exports (2011) Plant & Food, p. 14. , Research Report No 6242.Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Armstrong, J.W., Whitehand, L.C., Effects of methyl bromide concentration, fumigation time, and fumigation temperature on mediterranean and oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) egg and larval survival (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology, 98 (4), pp. 1116-1125; Bain, J., (1977) Hylurgus ligniperda (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand., , No 18 Forest Research Institute/New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua, New Zealand; Barak, A.V., Elder, P., Fraser, I., Lowtemperature methyl bromide fumigation of emerald ash borer (coleoptera: Buprestidae) in ash logs (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 (1), pp. 69-74; Bond, E.J., Control of insects with fumigants at low temperatures: Response to methyl bromide over the range 25° to -6.7°c (1975) Journal of Economic Entomology, 68 (4), pp. 539-542; Bond, E.J., Buckland, C.T., Control of insects with fumigants at low temperatures: Toxicity of mixtures of methyl bromide and acrylonitrile to three species of insects (1976) Journal of Economic Entomology, 69 (6), pp. 725-727; Brockerhoff, E.G., Jones, D.C., Kimberley, M.O., Suckling, D.M., Donaldson, T., Nationwide survey for invasive wood-boring and bark beetles (Coleoptera) using traps baited with pheromones and kairomones (2006) Forest Ecology and Management, 228 (1-3), pp. 234-240. , DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.046, PII S0378112706001757; Haack, R.A., Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at US ports of entry: 1985-2000 (2001) Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 6 (3-4), pp. 253-282. , DOI 10.1023/A:1025715200538; Lee, J.C., Haack, R.A., Negron, J.F., Witcosky, J.J., Seybold, S.J., Invasive bark beetles us forest service (2007) Forest Insect & Disease Lealet, 176, p. 12; (2012) Forest Products Exports Standards -Phytosanitary Requirements Of China., , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/exports/forests/standards/china.htm#logs, Ministry For Primary Industries accessed 31 January 2013); (2011) Annual Ozone Protection Act Report, Amendment to the Ozone Protection Act, 1996. Wellington., p. 56. , New Zealand Ministry for the Environment; (2011) Methyl Bromide: A reassessment of methyl bromide and its formulations, , http://www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/Pages/applicationsdetails.aspx? appID=HRC08002, New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority Decision -Amended Version (17 June 2011) (pdf).New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority, Wellington. (accessed 21 May 2013); (2011) Import Timber Quarantine Guidelines, , http://www.pps.go.jp/law-active/Notification/basis/8/55html/55.html, Plant Protection Station MAFF Japan Critera Of Disinfestation Method. accessed 4 October 2011; translated from Japanese using Google Chrome translation); Reay, S.D., Walsh, P.J., Observations on the light activity of hylastes ater and hylurgus ligniperda (curculionidae: Scolytinae) in pinus radiata forests in the central north island, new zealand (2001) New Zealand Entomologist, 24, pp. 79-85; (2010) Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 2010. , United Nations Environment Programme Report of the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee; UNEP Ozone Secretariat, p. 396. , Assessment. United Nations Environmental Program Nairobi, Kenya; (2012) Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection And Quarantine Treatment Manual, , http//www.aphis.usda.gov/import-export/plants/manuals/ports/downloads/ treatment.pdf, United States Department Of Agriculture Treatment Schedules. U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Washington DC. (accessed 20 May 2013); Vincent, L.E., Lindgren, D.L., Toxicity of phosphine and methyl bromide at various temperatures and exposure periods to the four metamorphic stages of trogoderma variabile (1975) Journal of Economic Entomology, 68 (1), pp. 53-56; Vincent, L.E., Lindgren, D.L., Toxicity of methyl bromide and phosphine at various temperatures and exposure periods to the metamorphic stages of lasioderma serricorne (1977) Journal of Economic Entomology, 70 (4), pp. 497-500; Yu, K.Y., Chung, Y.W., Lee, M.H., Jae, J.W., Study on shipboard fumigation of the imported logs (1984) Korean Journal of Plant Protection, 23, pp. 37-41 PY - 2013 SP - 82-88 ST - Efficacy of methyl bromide used at reduced rates to control larvae and adults of goldenhaired bark beetle, hylurgus ligniperda T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Efficacy of methyl bromide used at reduced rates to control larvae and adults of goldenhaired bark beetle, hylurgus ligniperda UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886073095&partnerID=40&md5=57133893449d524de332b6d9aeb9309e VL - 66 ID - 209 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ripgut brome is found in high country Canterbury pastures but little is known of its prevalence and distribution. In a 1020 km roadside vegetation survey, all exotic and native plant species within a 5 m × 5 m quadrat were identiied at 10 km intervals. Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) was present in 11% of the 165 quadrats, which ranged from 40 to 950 m above sea level, occurring most frequently below 200 m. It was least often detected adjacent to intensive pastures (only 2% of quadrats). Agrostis capillaries (browntop) was present in 63% of quadrats, followed by Trifolium repens (white clover, 59%) and Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot, 53%). The lowest number of exotic species was detected adjacent to intensive pasture (5.8) and highest adjacent to forestry (8.6 species). Highest numbers of native species were present adjacent to semi-improved pastures (1.7) and above 500 m (2.3 species). Species prevalent on roadsides were commonly grazed in hill/high country pastures rather than being pasture weeds. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Bryant, R. H. AU - Cameron, C. A. AU - Edwards, G. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Harris, D.J., Nowara, G., The characteristics and causes of sheep losses in the victorian mallee (1995) Australian Veterinary Journal, 72, pp. 331-340; Kon, K.F., Blacklow, W.M., Identification, distribution and population variability of great brome (Bromus diandrus Roth) and rigid brome (Bromus rigidus Roth) (1989) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 39 (6), pp. 1039-1050; Meunier, G., Lavoie, C., Roads as corridors for invasive plant species: New evidence from smooth bedstraw (galium mollugo) (2012) Invasive Plant Science and Management, 5, pp. 92-100; Tozer, K.N., Marshall, A.J., Cameron, C.A., Edwards, G.R., Salt (nacl) application as a tool to reduce the annual grass weed, ripgut brome, in new zealand south island hill/high country pastures (2013) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 56, pp. 117-129; Tozer, K.N., Marshall, A.J., Sedcole, J.R., Edwards, G.R., Ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) distribution in relation to topography and management on seven high country properties in the South Island (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 168-173 PY - 2013 SP - 105-109 ST - Survey of ripgut brome and other species on canterbury hill/high country roadsides T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Survey of ripgut brome and other species on canterbury hill/high country roadsides UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886052605&partnerID=40&md5=e12ae6d84d9c42dcd2c6bdd6930861b3 VL - 66 ID - 226 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) causes take-all in cereals and survives saprophytically on crop debris during the intercrop period. Commercial wheat ields with different crop rotations on 10 farms in the South Island of New Zealand were monitored over 6 years for changes in Ggt inoculum concentrations and take-all severity. Take-all severity in wheat varied greatly among crop rotations across the farms, with aboveground symptoms seldom visible on some farms and common on others. Take-all severity was reduced by maintaining a low frequency of host crops in the rotation. Ggt was detected in soil from all farms. Soil inoculum concentrations were reduced proportional to the length of non-host break crops. While barley, triticale and rye are less susceptible than wheat to take-all, they can lead to high post-harvest inoculum concentrations. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Van Toor, R. F. AU - Bithell, S. L. AU - Chng, S. F. AU - McKay, A. AU - Cromey, M. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, D.J., Gilligan, C.A., Dynamics of primary and secondary infection in take-all epidemics (1999) Phytopathology, 89 (1), pp. 84-91; Bateman, G.L., Gutteridge, R.J., Jenkyn, J.F., Take-all and grain yields in sequences of winter wheat crops testing fluquinconazole seed treatment applied in different combinations of years (2004) Annals of Applied Biology, 145 (3), pp. 317-330. , DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00389.x; Bithell, S.L., Butler, R.C., Harrow, S., McKay, A., Cromey, M.G., Susceptibility to take-all of cereal and grass species, and their effects on pathogen inoculum (2011) Annals of Applied Biology, 159, pp. 252-266; Bithell, S.L., McKay, A., Butler, R.C., Herdina Ophel-Keller, K., Hartley, D., Cromey, M.G., Predicting take-all severity in secondyear wheat using soil dna concentrations of gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici determined with qpcr (2012) Plant Disease, 96, pp. 443-451; Bithell, S.L., McLachlan, A.R.G., Hide, C.C.L., McKay, A., Cromey, M.G., Changes in post-harvest levels of gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici inoculum in wheat ields (2009) Australasian Plant Pathology, 38, pp. 277-283; Chng, S.F., (2009) Microbial Factors Associated With The Natural Suppression Of Take-All In Wheat In New Zealand, , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Cook, R.J., Take-all of wheat (2003) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 62 (2), pp. 73-86. , DOI 10.1016/S0885-5765(03)00042-0; Cromey, M.G., Parkes, R.A., Fraser, P.M., Factors associated with stem base and root diseases of new zealand wheat and barley crops (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 1-10; Hornby, D., Inoculum (1981) Biology and Control of Takeall, pp. 271-293. , In: Asher MJC, Shipton PJ ed. Academic Press Inc. London Ltd, London, UK; Hornby, D., (1998) Take-All Disease Of Cereals: A Regional Perspective, , CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Hornby, D., Beale, R., (2000) Take-all Management Guide, , Monsanto Plc, Agricultural Sector, Maris Lane, Trumpington, Cambridge, UK; MacNish, G.C., Dodman, R.L., Survival of gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici in the ield (1973) Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 26, pp. 1309-1317; Ophel-Keller, K., McKay, A., Hartley, D., Herdina, Curran, J., Development of a routine DNA-based testing service for soilborne diseases in Australia (2008) Australasian Plant Pathology, 37 (3), pp. 243-253. , DOI 10.1071/AP08029; Scott, P.R., Variation in host susceptibility (1981) Biology and Control of Take-All, pp. 219-236. , In: Asher MJC, Shipton PJ ed. Academic Press Inc. London Ltd. , London, UK; Yarham, D.J., Practical aspects of epidemiology and control (1981) Biology and Control of Takeall, pp. 353-384. , In: Asher MJC, Shipton PJ ed. Academic Press Inc. London Ltd, London, UK PY - 2013 SP - 204-213 ST - Impact of cereal rotation strategies on soil inoculum concentrations and wheat take-all T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Impact of cereal rotation strategies on soil inoculum concentrations and wheat take-all UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886055346&partnerID=40&md5=ed0e0a3b21e39c279e0252bd2fa3a704 VL - 66 ID - 203 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the last few years the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), has become a global pathogen of economic importance. Since the beginning of this global outbreak, many laboratories in the world have been working on Psa. Today, it is known that Psa is not a homogeneous pathovar and tools that allow the distinction between biovars (sub-pathovar classiication) have been developed. The whole genome sequence of several strains of Psa has now been published. Some of the assumptions on the life cycle (ports of entry, epiphytic survival, etc.) made in the early days of the outbreak have now been conirmed. Although few new methods have been found to control Psa, there is now a better understanding of how to reduce the incidence of this disease. This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the pathogen, the disease and how to control it. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Vanneste, J. L. DB - Scopus DO - 10. 5197/j. 2044-0588. 2010. 022. 010); Balestra, G.M., Taratufolo, M.C., Vinatzer, B.A., Mazzaglia, A., A multiplex pcr assay for detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae and differentiation of populations with different geographic origin (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 472-478; Balestra, G.M., Mazzaglia, A., Quattrucci, A., Renzi, M., Rossetti, A., Current status of bacterial canker spread on kiwifruit in italy (2009) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4, pp. 34-36; Baltrus, D.A., Nishimura, M.T., Romanchuk, A., Chang, J.H., Mukhtar, M.S., Cherkis, K., Roach, J., Dangl, J.L., Dynamic evolution of pathogenicity revealed by sequencing and comparative genomics of 19 pseudomonas syringae isolates (2011) PLoS Pathogens, 7, pp. e1002132; Bastas, K.K., Karakaya, A., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in turkey (2011) Plant Disease, 96, pp. 452-452; Beresford, R.M., (2012) Psa Risk Model (Zes Vi1278): Updated M-Index Using New Temperature Curve, p. 5. , Plant & Food Research Report to Zespri Group Ltd, SPTS no 7480 Plant & Food Research Auckland New Zealand; Biondi, E., Galeone, A., Kuzmanovi, N., Ardizzi, S., Lucchese, C., Bertaccini, A., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae detection in kiwifruit plant tissue and bleeding sap (2013) Annals of Applied Biology, 162, pp. 60-70; Butler, M.I., Stockwell, P.A., Black, M.A., Day, R.C., Lamont, I.L., Poulter, R.T.M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae from recent outbreaks of kiwifruit bacterial canker belong to different clones that originated in china (2013) PLoS ONE, 8, pp. e57464; Chapman, J.R., Taylor, R.K., Weir, B.S., Romberg, M.K., Vanneste, J.L., Luck, J., Alexander, B.J., Phylogenetic relationships among global populations of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (2012) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 1034-1044; (2011), EPPO First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Australia. EPPO Reporting Service 6: 2011/2130; (2011), EPPO First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Switzerland. EPPO Reporting Service 8: 2011/2168; (2011), EPPO First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Chile. EPPO Reporting Service 3: 2011/2055; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in new zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Identiication of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae as causal agent of bacterial canker of yellow kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis planchon) in central italy (2009) Journal of Phytopathology, 157, pp. 768-770; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Molecular and phenotypic features of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae isolated during recent epidemics of bacterial canker on yellow kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) in central italy (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 954-962; Gallelli, A., L'Aurora, A., Loreti, S., Gene sequence analysis for the molecular detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae: Developing diagnostic protocols (2011) Journal of Plant Pathology, 93, pp. 425-435; Greer, G., Saunders, C., The costs of psa-v to the new zealand kiwifruit industry and the wider community (2012) Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit Research Report to Kiwifruit Vine Health, p. 62. , Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Horner, I., Everett, K., Manning, M.A., Tyson, J., Vanneste, J.L., (2011) Survival Of Psa In The Orchard Environment, , Plant & Food Research Report to Zespri Group Ltd, SPTS 6389; Plant & Food Research, p. 57. , Auckland New Zealand; Jung, J.S., Han, H.S., Jo, Y.S., Koh, Y.J., Nested pcr detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal bacterium of kiwifruit canker (2003) Research in Plant Disease, 9, pp. 116-120; Koh, Y.J., Nou, I.S., DNA markers for identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (2002) Molecules and Cells, 13 (2), pp. 309-314; Koh, Y.J., Cha, B.J., Chung, H.J., Lee, D.H., Outbreak and spread of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (1994) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 10, pp. 68-72; McCann, H., Rikkerink, E.H., Bertels, F., Fiers, M., Lu, A., Rees-George, J., Anderson, M.T., Templeton, M.D., Genomic analysis of the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae provides insight into the origins of an emergent plant disease (2013) PLoS Pathogens, , in press; Marcelletti, S., Ferrante, P., Petriccione, M., Firrao, G., Scortichini, M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae draft genomes comparison reveal strain-speciic features involved in adaptation and virulence to actinidia species (2011) PLoS ONE, 6, pp. e27297; Mazzaglia, A., Renzi, M., Balestra, G.M., Comparison and utilization of different pcr-based approaches for molecular typing of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae strains from italy (2011) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 8-18; Mazzaglia, A., Studholme, D.J., Taratufolo, M.C., Cai, R., Almeida, N.F., Goodman, T., Guttman, D.S., Balestra, G.M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (psa) isolates from recent bacterial canker of kiwifruit outbreaks belong to the same genetic lineage (2012) PLoS ONE, 7, pp. e36518; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers based on the 16s-23s rdna intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with pcr primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Rikkerink, E., Andersen, M., Rees-George, J., Cui, W., Vanneste, J.L., Templeton, M., (2011) Development Of A Rapid Tool For The Molecular Characterisation Of Psa Haplotypes, p. 31. , Plant & Food Research report to Zespri Group Ltd, SPTS no 6361 Plant & Food Research Auckland New Zealand; Rudolph, K.W.E., Pseudomonas syringae pathovars (1995) Pathogenesis And Host Speciicity In Plant Diseases: Histopathological, Biochemical, Genetic And Molecular Bases, pp. 47-138. , In: Singh US, Singh RP, Kohmoto K ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford and London, UK; Sawada, H., Takeuchi, T., Matsuda, I., Comparative analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae and pv phaseolicola based on phaseolotoxin-resistant ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene (argK) and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer sequences (1997) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63 (1), pp. 282-288; Scortichini, M., Occurrence of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on kiwifruit in italy (1994) Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 1035-1038; Scortichini, M., Marchesi, U., Di Prospero, P., Genetic relatedness among Pseudomonas avellanae, P syringae pv theae and Ps pv actinidiae, and their identification (2002) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 108 (3), pp. 269-278. , DOI 10.1023/A:1015178104513; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit 4. Optimum temperature for disease development of new canes (1993) Annals Of The Phytopathological Society Of Japan, 59, pp. 694-701; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 3 seasonal changes of bacterial population in lesions and of its exudation from lesion (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 469-476; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 1 infection and bacterial movement in tissue of new canes (1993) Annals Of The Phytopathological Society Of Japan, 59, pp. 452-459; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 2. The most suitable times and environments for infection on new canes (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 460-468; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Suzuki, H., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 5. Effect of infection in fall to early winter on the disease development in branches and trunk after winter (1994) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 60, pp. 237-244; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Takikawa, Y., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Occurrence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in japan: Description of symptoms, isolation of the pathogen and screening of bactericides (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 427-436; Spinelli, F., Donati, I., Vanneste, J.L., Costa, M., Costa, G., Real time monitoring of the interactions between pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae and actinidia species (2011) Acta Horticulturae, 913, pp. 461-466; Stefani, E., Giovanardi, D., Dissemination of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae through pollen and its epiphytic life on leaves and fruits (2011) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 50, pp. 489-496; Takikawa, Y., Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae pv. Nov. : The causal bacterium of canker of kiwifruit in japan (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 437-444; Tyson, J.L., Rees-George, J., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., Fullerton, R.A., Survival of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on the orchard loor over winter (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 25-28; Vanneste, J.L., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (psa): A threat to the new zealand and global kiwifruit industry (2012) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 40, pp. 265-267; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D., (2009) Identiication Of Regulated Pathovars Of Pseudomonas Syringae, p. 44. , Plant & Food Research Report to MAF Biosecurity, SPTS no 2267 Plant & Food Research, Hamilton, New Zealand; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Molecular characterisations of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in italy (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 7-14; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Max, S., Clark, G., Presence of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, on symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of kiwifruit (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 241-245; Vanneste, J.L., Kay, C., Onorato, R., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Spinelli, F., Max, S., Recent advances in the characterisation and control of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit (2011) Acta Horticulturae, 913, pp. 443-456; Vanneste, J.L., Poliakoff, F., Audusseau, C., Cornish, D.A., Paillard, S., Rivoal, C., Yu, J., First report of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in france (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 1311-1311; Vanneste, J.L., Giovanardi, D., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Kay, C., Spinelli, F., Stefani, E., Detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in kiwifruit pollen samples (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 246-251; Vanneste, J.L., Moffat, B.J., Oldham, J.M., Survival of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on cryptomeria japonica, a non-host plant used as shelter belts in kiwifruit orchards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 1-7; Vanneste, J.L., Spinelli, F., Fiorentini, L., Yu, J., Cellini, A., Cornish, D.A., Donati, I., Felman, C., Reducing susceptibility of kiwifruit plant to pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae by manipulating the plant metabolism using elicitors and hormones. A snapshot of psa (pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae) (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection Society Symposium, , http://www.nzpps.org/symposia/2012-Psa.pdf, 13 August 2012, Nelson, New Zealand. accessed 06 June 2013); Vanneste, J.L., Oldham, J.M., Clark, G., Felman, C.M., Survival of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in non-kiwifruit green compost (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 178-183; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Tanner, D.J., Windner, R., Chapman, J.R., Taylor, R.K., Dowlut, S., Identiication, virulence and distribution of two biovars of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in new zealand (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 708-719; Wang, Z., Tang, X., Liu, S., Identiication of the pathogenic bacterium for bacterial canker on actinidia in sichuan (1992) Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, , unpaginated M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :22 Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2013 SP - 170-177 ST - Recent progress on detecting, understanding and controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae: A short review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Recent progress on detecting, understanding and controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae: A short review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886037502&partnerID=40&md5=245821aeedb802fbcadff16714473cb1 VL - 66 ID - 236 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, can survive in the environment outside its host. Determining where Psa can survive in the environment is important to limit the incidence and spread of this disease. Composts are sometimes used in kiwifruit orchards and the goal of this study was to determine the risk associated with such a practice. Three commercially prepared composts made from nonkiwifruit green waste were analysed for presence of Psa and for the ability of Psa to survive. Psa was not found in any of the composts analysed. An antibiotic-resistant derivative of Psa biovar 3 (previously Psa-V) used in this experiment could not multiply in any of the composts and its population declined rapidly. Live Psa could not be detected 7 days after inoculation. In sterile composts, Psa could be detected for at least 8 days after inoculation. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Vanneste, J. L. AU - Oldham, J. M. AU - Clark, G. AU - Felman, C. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abelleira, A., Lopez, M.M., Penalver, J., Aguin, O., Mansilla, J.P., Picoaga, A., Garcia, M.J., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in spain (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 1583-1583; Balestra, G.M., Renzi, M., Mazzaglia, A., (2010) First Report Of Bacterial Canker Of Actinidia Deliciosa Caused By Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae In Portugal, , New Disease Reports 22: Article 10; Bastas, K.K., Karakaya, A., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in turkey (2011) Plant Disease, 96, pp. 452-452; Chapman, J.R., Taylor, R.K., Weir, B.S., Romberg, M.K., Vanneste, J.L., Luck, J., Alexander, B.J., Phylogenetic relationships among global populations of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (2012) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 1034-1044; Elorrieta, M.A., Suarez-Estrella, F., Lopez, M.J., Vargas-Garcia, M.C., Moreno, J., Survival of phytopathogenic bacteria during waste composting (2003) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 96 (1-3), pp. 141-146. , PII S0167880902001706; (2011) First Report Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae In Chile, , EPPO EPPO Reporting Service: 2011/2055; (2011) First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Switzerland, , EPPO EPPO Reporting Service. 8; (2011) First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Australia, , EPPO EPPO Reporting Service: 2011/2130; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in new zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Molecular and phenotypic features of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae isolated during recent epidemics of bacterial canker on yellow kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) in central italy (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 954-962; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and luorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Koh, Y.J., Cha, B.J., Chung, H.J., Lee, D.H., Outbreak and spread of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (1994) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 10, pp. 68-72; Mazzaglia, A., Renzi, M., Balestra, G.M., Comparison and utilization of different pcr-based approaches for molecular typing of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae strains from italy (2011) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 8-18; Morris, C.E., Sands, D.C., Vanneste, J.L., Montarry, J., Oakley, B., Guilbaud, C., Glaux, C., (2010) Inferring the evolutionary history of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae from its biogeography in headwaters of rivers in North America, Europe, and New Zealand, 1 (3), pp. e00107-e00110. , mBio; Noble, R., Coventry, E., Suppression of soil-borne plant diseases with composts: A review (2005) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 15, pp. 3-20; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers based on the 16s-23s rdna intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with pcr primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Scortichini, M., Occurrence of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on kiwifruit in italy (1994) Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 1035-1038; Suarez-Estrella, F., Vargas-Garcia, M.C., Lopez, M.J., Moreno, J., Effect of horticultural waste composting on infected plant residues with pathogenic bacteria and fungi: Integrated and localized sanitation (2007) Waste Management, 27 (7), pp. 886-892. , DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.05.009, PII S0956053X06001577; Takikawa, Y., Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae pv. Nov. : The causal bacterium of canker of kiwifruit in japan (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 437-444; Tomlinson, D.L., Elphinstone, J.G., Abd El-Fatah, H., Agag, S.H., Kamal, M., Abd El-Aliem, M.M., Abd El-Ghany, H., Janse, J.D., Limited survival of ralstonia solanacearum race 3 in bulk soils and composts from egypt (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 131, pp. 197-209; Vanneste, J.L., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae(psa): A threat to the new zealand and global kiwifruit industry (2012) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 40, pp. 265-267; Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Yu, J., Boyd, R.J., Morris, C.E., Isolation of copper and streptomycin resistant phytopathogenic pseudomonas syringae from lakes and rivers in the central north island of new zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 80-85; Vanneste, J.L., Moffat, B.J., Oldham, J.M., Survival of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on cryptomeria japonica, a non-host plant used as shelter belts in kiwifruit orchards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 1-7; Vanneste, J.L., Poliakoff, F., Audusseau, C., Cornish, D.A., Paillard, S., Rivoal, C., Yu, J., First report of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in france (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 1311-1311; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Molecular characterisations of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in italy (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 7-14; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Max, S., Clark, G., Presence of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, on symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of kiwifruit (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 241-245; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Tanner, D.J., Windner, R., Chapman, J.R., Taylor, R.K., Dowlut, S., Identiication, virulence and distribution of two biovars of pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in new zealand (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 708-719; Wang, Z., Tang, X., Liu, S., Identiication of the pathogenic bacterium for bacterial canker on actinidia in sichuan (1992) Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, , unpaginated PY - 2013 SP - 178-183 ST - Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in non-kiwifruit green compost T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in non-kiwifruit green compost UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886042699&partnerID=40&md5=36e5de17e5abf7cb0e94348ccc22dfd5 VL - 66 ID - 234 ER - TY - JOUR AB - DNA sequencing and optimisation of allele-speciic primers targeting the G143A mutation, which confers resistance in Venturia inaequalis (apple black spot) to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides, was used to develop a resistance testing method for orchard surveys. The method conirmed the resistance status of 15 V. inaequalis isolates that were classiied as sensitive or resistant to triloxystrobin using a mycelial growth assay. Disease caused by four isolates carrying the G143A mutation was not controlled by the QoI fungicide triloxystrobin in an inoculated potted tree experiment. In a survey of 41 apple orchards in Hawke's Bay, Nelson, Otago and Waikato during 2011-12 the G143A mutation occurred in 54% of 802 V. inaequalis isolates, and 59% of orchards had more than 50% of isolates with the mutation present. The results indicate that orchards with a high G143A mutation frequency can be expected to experience loss of black spot control where QoI fungicides are used. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. AU - Thompson, S. M. AU - Keenan, S. AU - Bulman, S. R. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Park, N. M. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Sensitivity of venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, penconazole and dodine in relation to fungicide use in hawke's bay apple orchards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 106-113; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Larsen, N.J., Fisher, B.M., Resistance of venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four new zealand apple-growing regions (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 274-283; Chapman, K., Sundin, G.W., Beckerman, J.L., Identiication of resistance to multiple fungicides in ield populations of venturia inaequalis (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 921-926; (2010), http://www.frac.info/work/work-qolf.htm, Fungicide Resistance Action Committee QoI working group -2010 minutes. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. (accessed 10 May 2013) 2013; (2012), http://www.frac.info/work/Species%20with%20QoI- resistance%20(Status%20Dec.%20, List of pathogens with ield resistance towards QoI fungicides (updated 6/12/12)l.pdf (accessed 19 April 2013); Fontaine, S., Remuson, F., Fraissinet-Tachet, L., Micoud, A., Marmeisse, R., Melyah, D., Monitoring of venturia inaequalis harbouring the qoi resistance g143a mutation in french orchards as revealed by pcr assays (2009) Pest Management Science, 65, pp. 74-81; Fraaije, B.A., Cools, H.J., Fountaine, J., Lovell, D.J., Motteram, J., West, J.S., Lucas, J.A., Role of ascospores in further spread of QoI-resistant cytochrome b alleles (G143A) in field populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola (2005) Phytopathology, 95 (8), pp. 933-941. , DOI 10.1094/PHYTO-95-0933; Gisi, U., Sierotzki, H., Cook, A., McCaffery, A., Mechanisms influencing the evolution of resistance to Qo inhibitor fungicides (2002) Pest Management Science, 58 (9), pp. 859-867. , DOI 10.1002/ps.565; Jobin, T., Carisse, O., Incidence of myclobutanil- and kresoxim-methyl-insensitive isolates of Venturia inaequalis in Quebec orchards (2007) Plant Disease, 91 (10), pp. 1351-1358. , DOI 10.1094/PDIS-91-10-1351; Koller, W., Parker, D.M., Turechek, W.W., Avila-Adame, C., Cronshaw, K., A two-phase resistance response of Venturia inaequalis populations to the QoI fungicides kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin (2004) Plant Disease, 88 (5), pp. 537-544; Kung Farber, R., Chin, M., Leadbitter, N., Sensitivity of venturia inaequalis to triloxystrobin (2002) Pest Management Science, 58, pp. 261-267; Leadbeater, A., Resistance risk to qoi fungicides and anti-resistance strategies (2012) Fungicide resistance in plant protection: Risk and management, pp. 141-154. , In: Thind TS ed. CSB International, Wallingford, UK; Michalecka, M., Malinowski, T., Broniarek-Niemiec, A., Bielenin, A., Real-time pcr assay with snp-speciic primers for the detection of a g143a mutation level in venturia inaequalis ield populations (2011) Journal of Phytopathology, 159, pp. 569-578; Moller, E.M., Bahnweg, G., Sandermann, H., Geiger, H.H., A simple and eficient protocol for isolation of high molecular weight dna from ilamentous fungi, fruit bodies and infected plant tissues (1992) Nucleic Acids Research., 20, pp. 6115-6116; Steinfeld, U., Sierotzki, H., Parisi, S., Poirey, S., Gisi, U., Sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to different inhibitors in Venturia inaequalis (2001) Pest Management Science, 57 (9), pp. 787-796. , DOI 10.1002/ps.356 PY - 2013 SP - 284-292 ST - Resistance of venturia inaequalis to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides in New Zealand apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Resistance of venturia inaequalis to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides in New Zealand apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886002866&partnerID=40&md5=2803f8e0a35db54dd5437c83ec66f052 VL - 66 ID - 190 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Kauri dieback is a pest issue that is increasingly affecting kauri forests. A water and soilborne pathogen, Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA), has been identiied as a causal agent of kauri dieback at multiple locations, particularly within Auckland and Northland. In 2008, a passive surveillance and adaptive management programme was initiated to manage the disease across the natural range of kauri. Surveys were initially undertaken to determine the distribution and rate of spread of kauri dieback on private land in the Auckland region. Methods to evaluate and monitor overall tree health, disease symptoms and other potential contributing factors were developed. Diagnostic sampling was undertaken to isolate and identify pathogens associated with kauri dieback. Along with PTA, other Phytophthora species and environmental stress were frequently associated with symptoms at over 400 properties inspected. Further management is now required to develop control tools and mitigate further spread. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Waipara, N. W. AU - Hill, S. AU - Hill, L. M. W. AU - Hough, E. G. AU - Horner, I. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2013) Management And Hygiene Protocols To Mitigate The Soilborne Spread Of Kauri Dieback, , www.kauridieback.co.nz, Anonymous accessed 07 April 2013); Beauchamp, A.J., (2013) Relationships Between Symptomology, Detection Probability And The Detection Of Phytophthora Taxon Agathis In The Second Round Of Surveillance Sampling, p. 35. , Department of Conservation Report, DOCDM-1200160. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Beever, R.E., Waipara, N.W., Ramsield, T.D., Dick, M.A., Horner, I.J., Kauri (agathis australis) under threat from phytophthora? (2009) Proceedings of the 4th International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Working Party 7. 02. 09. Phytophthoras in forests and natural ecosystems, pp. 74-85. , Monterey, California, 26-31 August 2007. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-221. USDA, Forest Service, Albany, California, USA; Beever, R.E., Tsai, S., Waipara, N.W., Dick, M.A., Ramsield, T.D., Pathogenicity of phytophthora taxon agathis (2010) Presentation at the 5th IUFRO Working Party S07. 02. 09, Phytophthora Diseases in Forests and Natural Ecosystems, p. 2. , Rotorua, New Zealand 8-12 March 2010; Beever, R.E., Bellgard, S.E., Dick, M.A., Horner, I.J., Ramsield, T.D., (2010) Detection Of Phytophthora Taxon Agathis (PTA), p. 78. , Report for Ministry for Agriculture & Forestry, Biosecurity New Zealand on behalf of Kauri Dieback Joint Agency. Landcare Research Contract Report LC0910/137, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Bellgard, S.E., Paderes, E.P., Beever, R.E., (2009) Kauri Dieback: Kauri Hygiene -Small Project, p. 10. , Landcare Research Contract Report LC0910/017, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Dick, M.A., Resinosis on agathis australis (kauri) (2009) Forest Health News, (201), p. 1. , December 2009; Ecroyd, C.E., Biological lora of new zealand 8. Agathis australis. Kauri (1982) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 20, pp. 17-36; Gadgil, P.D., Phytophthora heveae, a pathogen of kauri (1974) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 4, pp. 59-63; Ho, W., Thangavel, R., Alexander, B., Ashcroft, T., Anderson, P., Waipara, N., Phytophthora species associated with kawakawa tree decline in new zealand (2010) Presentation at the 5th IUFRO Working Party SO7. 02. 09 Phytophthora Diseases in Forests and Natural Ecosystems, p. 18. , Rotorua, New Zealand, 8-12 March 2010; Horner, I.J., Hough, E.G., Phosphorous acid for controlling phytophthora taxon agathis in kauri: Glasshouse trials (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 242-248; Horner, I.J., (1984) The Role Of Phytophthora Cinnamomi And Other Fungal Pathogens In The Establishment Of Kauri And Kahikatea, , MSc thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Hood, I.A., Armillaria root disease in new zealand forests (1989) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 19, pp. 180-197; Johnston, P.R., Horner, I.J., Beever, R.E., Phytophthora cinnamomi in new zealand's indigenous forests (2003) Phytophthora In Forests And Natural Ecosystems, pp. 41-48. , In: McComb J, Hardy G, Tommerup I ed. 2nd International IUFRO Working Party S07. 02. 09 Meeting, Albany, Western Australia. 30 September-5 October 2001. Murdoch University Print, Murdoch, Australia; Podger, F.D., Newhook, F.J., Phytophthora cinnamomi in indigenous plant communities in new zealand (1971) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 9, pp. 625-638; Silvester, W., (2006) Managing Access To Heritage Kauri Trees -The Siting Of Tracks And Performance Of Track Materials, p. 12. , Department of Conservation Report, DOCDM-45769. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Steward, G.A., Beveridge, A.E., A review of new zealand kauri (agathis australis (d. Don) lindl.): Its ecology, history, growth and potential for management for timber (2010) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 40, pp. 33-59; Waipara, N.W., Davis, A., Hill, S.L., Brooks, J., Pengelly, M., Barr, J.A., Bellgard, S.E., Beever, R.E., Management of kauri dieback and phytophthora taxon agathis (2010) Presentation at the 5th IUFRO Working Party S07. 02. 09, Phytophthora Diseases in Forests and Natural Ecosystems, p. 41. , Rotorua, New Zealand, 8-12 March 2010 PY - 2013 SP - 235-241 ST - Surveillance methods to determine tree health, distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Surveillance methods to determine tree health, distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886053364&partnerID=40&md5=730a6e502162bef0fd17136906aded73 VL - 66 ID - 194 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sub-sampling of potato plants was assessed as a practical tool for monitoring Bactericera cockerelli, tomato-potato psyllid (TPP) and other key pests and their predators at Pukekohe. The total numbers of the key insect species and all their life stages on: (1) the bottom leaf; (2) a middle leaf (the bottom leaf on the top half of the stem); (3) the bottom half of the stem; and (4) the top half of the stem, were compared with numbers on the whole stem. Assessing the top half of the stem was the most reliable sub-sampling method for the three main insects sampled, while assessing a middle leaf also gave a reliable estimate for two out of the three insects. A crop scouting protocol for monitoring TPP infestations based on sampling 100 middle leaves off 50 randomly selected plants in a crop is now recommended by the potato industry in New Zealand. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Walker, G. P. AU - MacDonald, F. H. AU - Larsen, N. J. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Wallace, A. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Almohamad, R., Verheggen, F.J., Francis, F., Lognay, G., Haubruge, E., Assessment of oviposition site quality by aphidophagous hoverlies: Reaction to conspeciic larvae (2010) Animal Behaviour, 79, pp. 589-594; Anderson, J.A.D., Walker, G.P., Alspach, P.A., Jeram, M., Wright, P.J., Assessment of susceptibility to zebra chip and bactericera cockerelli of selected potato cultivars under different insecticide regimes in new zealand (2013) American Journal of Potato Research, 90 (1), pp. 58-65; (2012) Tomato Potato Psyllid Control, , http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/Overview/What-we-are-working-on/ Investingin-the-ight.htm, Anonymous Wall Chart. Version 1. November 2012. Potatoes NZ Wellington New Zealand. Anonymous 2013. accessed 21 March 2013]; Buchman, J.L., Sengoda, V.G., Munyaneza, J.E., Vector transmission eficacy of liberibacter by bactericera cockerelli (hemiptera: Triozidae) in zebra chip potato disease: Effects of psyllid life stage and inoculation access period (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 (5), pp. 1486-1495; Butler, C.D., Trumble, J.T., Distribution and phenology of the potato psyllid in southern california (2010) Proceedings of the 10th annual Zebra Chip reporting session, pp. 37-41. , In: Workneh F, Rush CM ed. 7-10 November 2010, Dallas, Texas, USA; Butler, C.D., Trumble, J.T., The potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli (sulc) (hemiptera: Triozidae): Life history, relationship to plant diseases, and management strategies (2012) Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews, 5, pp. 87-111; Butler, C.D., Trumble, J.T., Spatial dispersion and binomial sequential sampling for the potato psyllid (hemiptera: Triozidae) on potato (2012) Pest Management Science, 68, pp. 865-869; Goolsby, J.A., Adamczyk, J., Bextine, B., Lin, D., Munyaneza, J.E., Bester, G., Development of an ipm programme for the management of the potato psyllid to reduce incidence of zebra chip disorder in potatoes (2007) Subtropical Plant Science, 59, pp. 85-94; Leathwick, D.M., Winterbourn, M.J., Arthropod predation on aphids in a lucerne crop (1984) New Zealand Entomologist, 8, pp. 75-80; MacDonald, F.H., Walker, G.P., Larsen, N.J., Wallace, A.R., Naturally occurring predators of bactericera cockerelli in potatoes (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 275. , (Abstract only); Martini, X., Seibert, S., Prager, S.M., Nansen, C., Sampling and interpretation of psyllid nymph counts in potatoes (2012) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 143, pp. 103-110; (2008) Potato Psyllid, , http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r607300811.html, UC IPM Online accessed 9 January 2013); Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Larsen, N.J., Wallace, A.R., Monitoring of tomato-potato psyllid and associated insects in unsprayed potatoes in new zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 269-275; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Puketapu, A.J., Fergusson, H.A., Connolly, P.G., Wright, P.J., Anderson, J.A.D., A field trial to assess damage by bactericera cockerelli to early potatoes at pukekohe (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 148-154; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Puketapu, A.J., Wright, P.J., Connolly, P.G., Anderson, J.A.D., A field trial to assess action thresholds for management of bactericera cockerelli in main crop processing potatoes at pukekohe (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 349-355 PY - 2013 SP - 341-348 ST - Sub-sampling plants to monitor tomato-potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) and associated insect predators in potato crops T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Sub-sampling plants to monitor tomato-potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) and associated insect predators in potato crops UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885977943&partnerID=40&md5=195dc8dcda6b6f7c8f65439e00307a95 VL - 66 ID - 230 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A main crop summer potato trial at Pukekohe assessed the damage caused by Bactericera cockerelli, tomato potato psyllid (TPP), and investigated the use of action spray thresholds. Five treatments were used: in-furrow insecticide and weekly blocks of foliar sprays; in-furrow insecticide and one of three different threshold-based foliar spray programmes; and no insecticides. The threshold-based spray programmes used either the number of TPP nymphs per middle leaf or the mean number of TPP adults per yellow sticky trap per week, plus different mode-of-action insecticide rotations. Three treatments resulted in acceptable yield and speciic gravity, and a low incidence of zebra chip disease (ZC). These were the weekly treatment and two spray programmes based on a threshold of 3 TPP adults per trap per week where insecticide applications were reduced by 50% compared to the weekly applications. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Walker, G. P. AU - MacDonald, F. H. AU - Puketapu, A. J. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Anderson, J. A. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anderson, J.A.D., Walker, G.P., Alspach, P.A., Jeram, M., Wright, P.J., Assessment of susceptibility to zebra chip and bactericera cockerelli of selected potato cultivars under different insecticide regimes in new zealand (2013) American Journal of Potato Research, 90 (1), pp. 58-65; (2009) Potato Psyllid Control, , http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/users/Image/Graphics/PDFS/ Psyllid-November09fact-sheets-control-lr.pdf, Anonymous accessed 21 March 2013); (2012) Tomato Potato Psyllid Control, , http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/Overview/What-we-are-working-on/ Investing-in-the-ight.htm, Anonymous Wall Chart. Version 1. November 2012. Potatoes NZ Wellington New Zealand. Anonymous 2013. accessed 21 March 2013); Buchman, J.L., Sengoda, V.G., Munyaneza, J.E., Vector transmission eficacy of liberibacter by bactericera cockerelli (hemiptera: Triozidae) in zebra chip potato disease: Effects of psyllid life stage and inoculation access period (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 (5), pp. 1486-1495; Butler, C.D., Trumble, J.T., Spatial dispersion and binomial sequential sampling for the potato psyllid (hemiptera: Triozidae) on potato (2012) Pest Management Science, 68, pp. 865-869; Cameron, P.J., Surrey, M.R., Wigley, P.J., Anderson, J.A.D., Hartnett, D.E., Wallace, A.R., Seasonality of bactericera cockerelli in potatoes (solanum tuberosum) in south auckland, new zealand (2009) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 37, pp. 295-301; Graves, S., Piepho, H.P., Selzer, L., Dorai-Jai, S., (2012) MultcompView: Visualisations of Paired Comparisons, , http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=multcompView, R package version 01-05 (accessed 16 May 2013); Walker, G., Dohmen-Vereijssen, J., Tomatopotato psyllid insecticide trials (2009-2012) in sff 09/143 (sustainable psyllid management) (2012) Plant & Food Research Client, , Report No. 48593 prepared for Potatoes NZ. Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Larsen, N.J., Wallace, A.R., Monitoring of tomato-potato psyllid and associated insects in unsprayed potatoes in new zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 269-275; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Larsen, N.J., Wallace, A.R., A ield trial to assess damage by bactericera cockerelli to early potatoes at pukekohe (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 148-154; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Larsen, N.J., Wright, P.J., Wallace, A.R., Sub-sampling plants to monitor tomato-potato psyllid (bactericera cockerelli) and associated insect predators in potato crops (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 341-348 PY - 2013 SP - 349-355 ST - A field trial to assess action thresholds for management of bactericera cockerelli in main crop processing potatoes at Pukekohe T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A field trial to assess action thresholds for management of bactericera cockerelli in main crop processing potatoes at Pukekohe UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886010859&partnerID=40&md5=bd51a7f280630faa29c9f92bd6807fe2 VL - 66 ID - 204 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New Zealand apple growers need to produce crops that satisfy conlicting export market requirements. Some markets want pest-free fruit, while others demand residue-free fruit. Pheromone mating disruption combined with the judicious use of insecticides enables crops to meet both demands. This study in 14 Hawke's Bay apple orchards showed that seasonal pheromone trap catch was reduced by 70%, from 40.1 codling moths/trap in the season before mating disruption was introduced to 11.7 moths/trap over the subsequent ive seasons. In the same period, insecticide use reduced from 5.9 applications/season in 2006- 07 to 2.3 in 2007-08 and 3.7 since 2008-09. The incidence of larvae in fruit where mating disruption operated averaged 0.01%, which was lower than in orchards using insecticides only. Damage increased from 2008-09 with greater reliance on codling moth granulosis virus over residual insecticides. Nevertheless, mating disruption with 3-4 insecticide sprays controlled codling moth to the high standard needed. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Horner, R. M. AU - Park, N. M. AU - Hughes, J. G. AU - Fraser, T. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2013) Phytosanitary Compliance Programme For Veriication Of The On-Orchard Pest Management Measures For Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella), , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/iles/regs/exports/plants/compliance/ codlingmoth-sensitive-markets-programme.pdf, Anonymous Ministry for Primary Industries. accessed 15/04/2013); (2013) Apple Futures, , http://www.pipfruitnz.co.nz/Library/Apple-Futures.aspx, Anonymous accessed 15/04/2013); Bachelor, T.A., Walker, J.T.S., Manktelow, D.W.L., Park, N.M., Johnson, S.R., New zealand integrated fruit production for pipfruit -charting a new course (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 14-19; Arthurs, S.P., Lacey, L.A., Field evaluation of commercial formulations of the codling moth granulovirus: Persistence of activity and success of seasonal applications against natural infestations of codling moth in Pacific Northwest apple orchards (2004) Biological Control, 31 (3), pp. 388-397. , DOI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.05.004, PII S1049964404000970; Jones, V.P., Doerr, M., Brunner, J.F., Is bioix necessary for predicting codling moth (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) emergence in washington state apple orchards? (2008) Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 (5), pp. 1651-1657; Kaye-Blake, W., Zuccollo, J., The economic impact of the apple futures programme (2012) Conference of the New Zealand Association of Economists, p. 15. , Palmerston North, New Zealand. 27 June 2012; Lo, P.L., Walker, J.T.S., Horner, R.M., Hedderley, D.I., Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 264-269; Suckling, D.M., Shaw, P.W., Large-scale trials of mating disruption of lightbrown apple moth in Nelson, New Zealand (1995) New Zealand Journal of Crop & Horticultural Science, 23 (2), pp. 127-137; Thomson, D., Brunner, J., Gut, L., Judd, G., Knight, A., Ten years implementing codling moth mating disruption in the orchards of washington and british columbia: Starting right and managing for success (2001) Pheromones for Insect Control in Orchards and Vineyards, 24 (2), pp. 23-30. , IOBC wprs Bulletin 200; Walker, J.T.S., Hodson, A.J., Wearing, C.H., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Tomkins, A.R., Burnip, G.M., Batchelor, T.A., Integrated fruit production for new zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management in a pilot programme (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 258-263; Walker, J.T.S., Rogers, D.J., Lo, P.L., Suckling, D.M., El-Sayed, A.M., Fraser, T.M., Horner, R.M., Use of mating disruption for control of new zealand leafrollers in apple orchards (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 215-221; Wearing, C.H., Control of codling moth with commercial preparation of codling moth granulosis virus (1993) Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 146-151 PY - 2013 SP - 259-263 ST - Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) mating disruption outcomes in apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) mating disruption outcomes in apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886035678&partnerID=40&md5=11ae789861a401a70a9de1912aaa528b VL - 66 ID - 221 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pear leafcurling midge (Dasineura pyri, PLCM) is a gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae and is a persistent pest in New Zealand.Whilst mature trees can withstand considerable damage, feeding by larvae can cause severe distortion (galling) of developing leaves on younger trees. Apart from obvious leaf damage, PLCM activity is dificult to detect so the recent development of the synthetic sex pheromone provides a useful monitoring tool for this pest. Pear leafcurling midge pheromone traps were set up in four commercial pear blocks across the Nelson district, which is the main commercial pear-growing area in New Zealand, to assess the ability of the pheromone lure to monitor seasonal activity of the pest. Trapping results are compared and discussed in relation to apple leafcurling midge activity in ive apple blocks in the same region. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Wallis, D. R. AU - Shaw, P. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amarawardana, L., (2009) The Chemical Diversity Of Midge Pheromone, , http//students.nri.org, PhD Thesis, University of Greenwich, United Kingdom. (accessed 22 January 2013); Burnip, G.M., Gibb, A.R., Suckling, D.M., Target and non-target impacts from diazinon applied against dasineura mali in a canterbury apple orchard (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 143-147; Cross, J.V., Hall, D.R., Exploitation of the sex pheromone of apple leaf midge dasineura mali kieffer (diptera: Cecidomyiidae) for pest monitoring: Part 1. Development of lure and trap (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 139-144; Gagne, R.J., Harris, M.O., The distinction between Dasineura spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from apple and pear (1998) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 100 (3), pp. 445-448; Hall, D.R., Amarawardana, L., Cross, J.V., Francke, W., Boddum, T., Hillbur, Y., The chemical ecology of cecidomyiid midges (diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (2012) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 38, pp. 2-22; Harris, M.O., Foster, S.P., Agee, K., Dhana, S., Sex pheromone communication in the apple leafcurling midge (dasinura mali) (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 52-58; Kolb, W., (1982) Ressort Planzenschutz Anwendungstechnik, pp. 291-309. , Biologische Forschung, Hofchen and Laacherhof Experimental Stations, Bayer AG, Laverkusen, Germany; Miller, D., The pear-midge. Further observations and control with calcium cyanide (1925) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 30, pp. 220-224; Miller, D., (1971) Common Insects In New Zealand, pp. 34-35. , AH and AW Reed Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand; Morrison, L.G., Apple leaf-curling midge in new zealand (1953) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 86, pp. 311-315; Penman, D.R., (1984) Deciduous Tree Fruit Pests, pp. 33-50. , In: Scott RR ed. New Zealand pest and beneicial insects. Lincoln University College of Agriculture, Canterbury, New Zealand; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., Manning, L.-A., Peter, L., Wallis, R., Bell, V., El-Sayed, A.M., Trapping Dasinuera mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in apples (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3), pp. 745-751. , DOI 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[745:TDMDCI]2.0.CO;2 PY - 2013 SP - 270-273 ST - Use of sex pheromone lures to compare pear and apple leafcurling midge phenology T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Use of sex pheromone lures to compare pear and apple leafcurling midge phenology UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886051819&partnerID=40&md5=6f90ad363d863641804358db1607b04f VL - 66 ID - 219 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Paropsis charybdis, or eucalyptus tortoise beetle, is (one of) the most signiicant pests of eucalypts in New Zealand. It severely defoliates Eucalyptus nitens and Eucalyptus globulus plantations, leaving heavily-damaged trees with reduced growth and poor form. Laboratory bioassays of new synthetic and microbial insecticides were undertaken to identify management options compatible with biological control. The current insecticide used for operational control, alpha-cypermethrin, was a positive control. Of the products tested, spinetoram (Sparta) gave the most promising results (100% mortality after 14 days) for control of adult P. charybdis. Spinetoram and spinosad (Success Naturalyte), the microbial control agents Beauveria bassiana (F305 ex Botanigard) and Bacillus thuringiensis var tenebrionis, and the enterobacterium Yersinia entomophaga, all resulted in high mortality of larval P. charybdis after 4 days. Targeting larvae alone may not be economically viable, leaving spinetoram as the only possible additional insecticide for managing P. charybdis. Potential barriers of cost, application and non-target impacts are yet to be addressed. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Watson, M. C. AU - Watt, M. S. AU - Nelson, T. L. AU - Harper, L. A. AU - Hurst, M. R. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bain, J., (1977) Paropsis Charybdis Stal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), p. 4. , In: Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand. Forest Research Institute and New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua; Besard, L., Mommaerts, V., Abdu-Alla, G., Smagghe, G., Lethal and sublethal side-effect assessment supports a more benign proile of spinetoram compared with spinosad in the bumblebee bombus terrestris (2011) Pest Management Science, 67, pp. 541-547; Beveridge, N., Elek, J.A., Bacillus thuringiensis var tenebrionis shows no toxicity to the predator Chauliognathus lugubris (F) (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) (1999) Australian Journal of Entomology, 38 (1), pp. 34-39; Echeverri-Molina, D., Santolamazza-Carbone, S., Toxicity of synthetic and biological insecticides against adults of the eucalyptus snout-beetle gonipterus scutellatus gyllenhal (coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2010) Journal of Pest Science, 83, pp. 297-305; Edwards, P.B., Suckling, D.M., Cermatulus nasalis and oechalia schellembergii (hemiptera: Pentatomidae) as predators of eucalyptus tortoise beetle larvae, paropsis charybdis (coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in new zealand (1980) New Zealand Entomologist, 7, pp. 158-164; Elek, J.A., Assessing the impact of leaf beetles in eucalypt plantations and exploring options for their management (1997) Tasforests, 9, pp. 139-154; Elek, J., Beveridge, N., Effect of a Bacillus thuringiensis subsp tenebrionis insecticidal spray on the mortality, feeding, and development rates of larval Tasmanian eucalyptus leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1999) Journal of Economic Entomology, 92 (5), pp. 1062-1071; (2007) FSC Pesticides Policy: Guidance On Implementation, , www.fsc.org, FSC accessed April 8 2013; Greener, A., Candy, S.G., Effect of the biotic insecticide bacillus thuringiensis and a pyrethroid on survival of predators of chrysophtharta bimaculata (olivier) (coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1994) Australian Journal of Entomology, 33, pp. 321-324; Glare, T.R., O'Callaghan, M., (2000) Bacillus thuringiensis: Biology, ecology and safety, , John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK. ISBN 0-471-49630-8; Hastuti, B.S., Glare, T.R., Chapman, R.B., Susceptibility of life stages of paropsis charybdis to beauveria bassiana (1999) Proceedings of the 52nd New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 98-102; Hurst, M.R.H., Becher, S.A., Young, S.D., Nelson, T.L., Glare, T.R., Yersinia entomophaga sp. Nov. Isolated from the new zealand grass grub costelytra zealandica (2011) International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 61, pp. 844-849; Jackson, T.A., Poinar Jr. G, O., Susceptibility of eucalyptus tortoise beetle (paropsis charybdis) to bacillus thuringiensis var. San diego (1989) Proceedings of the 42nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 140-142; Jones, D.C., Withers, T.M., The seasonal abundance of the newly established parasitoid complex of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle (paropsis charybdis) (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 51-55; Loch, A.D., Mortality and recovery of eucalypt beetle pest and beneficial arthropod populations after commercial application of the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin (2005) Forest Ecology and Management, 217 (2-3), pp. 255-265. , DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.06.006, PII S0378112705004299; McGregor, P.G., (1984) Biology Of Paropsis Charybdis Stal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), A Eucalyptus Defoliator In New Zealand, p. 100. , PhD thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North; Murphy, B.D., Kay, M.K., Paropsis charybdis defoliation of eucalyptus stands in new zealand's central north island (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 334-338; Stewart, J.G., Lund, J.E., Thompson, L.S., (1991); Factors affecting the eficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var san diego against larvae of the colorado potato beetle Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 122, pp. 21-25; Steven, D., (1973) The Host-Plant Relationships Of Paropsis Charybdis Stal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), p. 301. , PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; White, T.C.R., The establishment, spread and host range of paropsis charybdis stal (chrysomelidae) in new zealand (1973) Paciic Insects, 15, pp. 59-66; Withers, T.M., Phillips, L.D., Bates, T.E.M., Ganley, R.J., Hybridisation between populations of enoggera nassaui in new zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 44-48; Wraight, S.P., Molloy, D., Jamnback, H., McCoy, P., Effects of temperature and instar on the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 against Aedes stimulans larvae (1981) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 38 (1), pp. 78-87. , DOI 10.1016/0022-2011(81)90037-9; Zaz, G.M., Effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis berliner against different instars of spodoptera litura (fabricius) (1989) Indian Journal of Entomology, 45, pp. 201-202 PY - 2013 SP - 138-147 ST - Laboratory bioassays of new synthetic and microbial insecticides to control eucalyptus tortoise beetle Paropsis charybdis T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Laboratory bioassays of new synthetic and microbial insecticides to control eucalyptus tortoise beetle Paropsis charybdis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885978045&partnerID=40&md5=360e1991f6140906e2dcf1089c302c39 VL - 66 ID - 237 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) has targeted Salvinia molesta (salvinia), Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) and Moraea flaccida (cape tulip) for eradication under the national interest pest response (NIPR) programme. These weeds are both notiiable and unwanted organisms under the Biosecurity Act 1993. The NIPR eradication programme consists of educational campaigns; enforcement of the Biosecurity Act, which prohibits propagation, planting, sowing, sale and distribution of the weeds; removal and destruction of the weeds from known infested sites; and monitoring those sites for regrowth. Assessment over the past two decades shows that Johnson grass and cape tulip have responded well to management. As at 2013, the number of active Johnson grass sites has reduced by 100% and cape tulip by 74%. The number of active sites for water hyacinth and salvinia, however, keeps rising and falling, thus prolonging eradication. © 2013 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. AU - Yamoah, E. AU - Gill, G. S. C. AU - Massey, E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Buchen-Osmond, C., Crabtree, K., Gibbs, A., McLean, G., (1988) Viruses of plants in Australia., , Australia National University, Canberra, Australia; Connor, H.E., (1992) The poisonous plants in New Zealand., p. 247. , GP Publications Limited, Wellington, New Zealand; De Groote, H., Ajuonu, O., Attignon, S., Djessou, R., Neuenschwander, P., Economic impact of biological control of water hyacinth in Southern Benin (2003) Ecological Economics, 45 (1), pp. 105-117. , DOI 10.1016/S0921-8009(03)00006-5; Global Invasive Species Database, , http://www.issg.org, (accessed 8 March 2013); Hawkins, C., Lloyd, S., Cape tulips department of agriculture and food farmnote (2008) Western Australian Agricultural Authority; Johnson, A., Johnson, S., Garden plants poisonous to people primefacts (2006) New South Wales Department of Primary Industries., , http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/-data/assets/pdf-file/0008/112796/ garden-plantspoisonous-to-people.pdf, accessed 12 March 2013); Malik, A., Environmental challenge vis a vis opportunity: The case of water hyacinth (2007) Environment International, 33 (1), pp. 122-138. , DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2006.08.004, PII S0160412006001309; Randall, J., Maf campaign knocks back noxious weeds (2000) Biosecurity, 13 (22); Roberts, E.J., Hector, J.M., Bunny, C.J., Carter, G.D., The economics of cape tulip control in western australia: A cost-beneit analysis (1988) Western Australian Agricultural Protection Board discussion paper., p. 3 PY - 2013 SP - 40-44 ST - Eradication programme for four noxious weeds in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Eradication programme for four noxious weeds in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886063803&partnerID=40&md5=792d52c8fb853c1da52481de8cabe76c VL - 66 ID - 238 ER - TY - JOUR AB - European canker pathogen, caused by the fungus Neonectria ditissima, could not be isolated when infected woody tissues were plated directly onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA) or acidified PDA (pH 4.5). However, the alternative media, water agar (WA) and apple sap-amended water agar (ASAWA), were successfully used to isolate the pathogen. In the preparation of ASAWA, green shoots of 1-year-old fresh 'Scilate' apple were frozen overnight then allowed to thaw. The tissues were then centrifuged and the sap collected to prepare the medium. Neonectria ditissima could be isolated from both symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues on both WA and ASAWA. Both media supported the production of large numbers of conidia in vitro, with more conidia being produced on ASAWA than on WA. The conidia produced in vitro had morphological characteristics and pathogenicity similar to those produced in the field. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Walter, M. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Production of Botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 301-305; Anagnostakis, S.L., Ferrandino, F.J., Isolation of Nectria galligena from cankers on sweet birch (1998) Plant Disease, 82, pp. 440-441; Beresford, R.M., Kim, K.S., Identification of regional climatic conditions favorable for development of European canker of apple (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 135-146; Brown, A.E., Muthumeenaski, S., Sreenivasaprasad, S., Mills, P.R., Swinburne, T.R., A PCR primer specific for Cylindrocarpon heteronema for detection of the pathogen in apple wood (1993) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 108, pp. 117-120; Latorre, B.A., Rioja, M.E., Lillo, C., Munoz, M., The effect of temperature and wetness duration on infection and a warning system for European canker (Nectria galligena) of apple in Chile (2002) Crop Protection, 21 (4), pp. 285-291; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A.M., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.W., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Langrell, S.R.H., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; Shahin, E.A., Shepard, J.F., An efficient technique for inducing profuse sporulation of Alternaria species (1979) Phytopathology, 69, pp. 618-620; Sloan, B.J., Routien, J.B., Miller, V.P., Increased sporulation in fungi (1960) Mycologia, 52, pp. 47-63 PY - 2014 SP - 116-122 ST - Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907814003&partnerID=40&md5=761312fa2a9ccedb900b7d81f2fa2510 VL - 67 ID - 165 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The tomato potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (TPP), vectors Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), which is the putative causative agent of zebra chip, an important disease of potato. Laboratory bioassays using potted potato plants and CLso-positive TPP were conducted to assess the potential of biorational and selective insecticides to disrupt CLso transmission. The first assay tested eight products, with TPP introduced to plants 24 h after insecticide application and sprayed off after 24 h. The second assay further tested five products and assessed systemic activity, with TPP introduced 24, 72 or 168 h after product application. Stolon samples were collected and analysed for presence of the CLso gene using qPCR. Results have shown potential for biorational and selective insecticides to reduce the quantity of CLso transmitted to plants with varying efficiencies, and although none completely inhibited CLso transmission, there is scope for these products to be included in crop management strategies. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Barnes, A. M. AU - Vereijssen, J. AU - Thompson, S. E. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barnes, A.M., Butler, R.C., Vereijssen, J., (2013) Effect of Selected Biorational Insecticides and Conventional Insecticides on Transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum by Tomato Potato Psyllid (Bactericera Cockerelli) on Potato Plants, 23p. , Report to Potatoes New Zealand, Plant & Food Report No. 8516, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Beard, S.S., Pitman, A.R., Kraberger, S., Scott, I.A.W., SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR for the specific detection and quantification of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' in field samples from New Zealand (2013) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 136, pp. 203-215; Berry, N.A., Bourhill, A., (2012) Review of Soft Chemical Options and Research for Insect Pest Control, 24p. , Report to Potatoes New Zealand, Plant & Food Report No. 6065, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; (2009) CycDesigN 4.0 a Package for the Computer Generation of Experimental Designs. Version 4.0, , CycSoftware Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand; Dohmen-Vereijssen, J., Jorgensen, N., Butler, R.C., (2012) SFF11/058: IPM Tools for Psyllid Management - Soft Chemical Options, 27p. , Report to The Sustainable Farming Fund, Plant & Food Report No. 7377, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Gardner-Gee, R., Butler, R.C., Griffin, M., Puketapu, A., MacDonald, F., Jamieson, L.E., (2012) Effect of Insecticide Residues on the Behaviour, Mortality and Fecundity of the Tomato Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli: TPP), , http://www.tomatoesnz.co.nz/documents/reports/98/7392%20-%20Robin%20Gardner-Gee%20-%20Effect%20of%20insecticide%20residues%20%202013%20PFR%2048905%20FINAL%20with%20changes%2010DEC12.pdf, Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand. (accessed: 25 March 2014); Jones, R.A.C., Salam, M.U., Maling, T.J., Diggle, A.J., Thackray, D.J., Principles of predicting plant virus disease epidemics (2010) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 48, pp. 179-203; Jorgensen, N., Butler, R.C., Vereijssen, J., Biorational insecticides for control of the tomato potato psyllid (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 333-340; Lee, Y., Nelder, J.A., Pawitan, Y., Generalized linear models with random effects: Unified analysis via h-likelihoods (2006) Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, 416p. , Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London, UK; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with "zebra chip," a new potato disease in southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 656-663; Pearson, C.C., Backus, E.A., Munyaneza, J.E., Feeding biology of the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (2010) The 10th Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, 7-10 November 2010, Dallas, Texas, USA, pp. 178-182; Pitman, A.R., Drayton, G.M., Kraberger, S.J., Genet, R.A., Scott, I.A.W., Tuber transmission of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and its association with zebra chip on potato in New Zealand (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129, pp. 389-398; Teulon, D.A.J., Workman, P.J., Nielsen, M.-C., Thomas, K.L., Anderson, D.P., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Tiwari, S., Stelinski, L.L., Effects of cyantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, against Asian citrus psyllid under laboratory and field conditions (2013) Pest Management Science, 69, pp. 1066-1072 PY - 2014 SP - 191-196 ST - Effect of biorational and selective insecticides on transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum to potato plants T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of biorational and selective insecticides on transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum to potato plants UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907809768&partnerID=40&md5=cd435c0cc266028b116f584c8bdd6169 VL - 67 ID - 177 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bactericera cockerelli (tomato potato psyllid; TPP) is an important pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand and North America. A volatile compound that alters the behaviour of TPP could be developed into a component of an integrated pest management strategy for solanaceous crops. One compound, 2-undecanone, was found to increase the percentages of female and male TPP (65%, P<0.05) to walk up the odour-laden arm of a Y-tube olfactometer. The presence of 2-undecanone in either a low speed laminar flow wind tunnel or in a potato crop did not substantially affect the response of flying TPP to sticky traps of different colours. The greatest number of TPP adults was recorded on yellow sticky traps, followed by green, with the fewest on clear traps, in both the wind tunnel and field experiments (P<0.001), irrespective of the presence of 2-undecanone. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Taylor, N. M. AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - Sansom, C. E. AU - Perry, N. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ali, A.H., Demirci, B., Kiyan, H.T., Bernier, U.R., Tsikolia, M., Wedge, D.E., Khan, I.A., Tabanca, N., Biting deterrence, repellency, and larvicidal activity of Ruta chalepensis (Sapindales: Rutaceae) essential oil and its major individual constituents against mosquitoes (2013) Journal of Medical Entomology, 50, pp. 1267-1274; Antonius, G.F., Kochhar, T.S., Simmons, A.M., Natural products: Seasonal variation in trichome counts and contents in Lycopersicum hirsutum f. glabratum (2005) Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 40, pp. 619-631; Brennan, E.B., Weinbaum, S.A., Psyllid responses to colored sticky traps and the colors of juvenile and adult leaves of the heteroblastic host plant Eucalyptus globulus (2001) Environmental Entomology, 30, pp. 365-370; Butler, C.D., Trumble, J.T., The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae): Life history, relationship to plant diseases, and management strategies (2012) Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews, 5, pp. 87-111; Carter, C.D., Gianfangna, T.J., Sacalis, J.N., Sesquiterpenes in glandular trichomes of a wild tomato species and toxicity to the Colorado potato beetle (1989) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 37, pp. 1425-1428; CycDesign Software, (2009) CycDesigN 4.0, a Package for the Computer Generation of Experimental Designs, Version 4.0, , CycSoftware, Hamilton, New Zealand; Davidson, M.M., Butler, R.C., Teulon, D.A.J., Response of female Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) to visual cues and paraanisaldehyde in a flight chamber (2006) Journal of Insect Behavior, 25, pp. 297-307; Diaz-Montano, J., Trumble, J.T., Behavioral responses of the potato psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) to volatiles from dimethyl disulfide and plant essential oils (2012) Journal of Insect Behavior, 26, pp. 336-351; (2013) GenStat Reference Manual Release 15 - Part 3, Procedures, 1351p. , VSN International, Oxford; (2013) The Guide to GenStat (Release 16), , VSN International, Oxford; Guédot, C., Horton, D.R., Landolt, P.J., Sex attraction in Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) (2010) Environmental Entomology, 39, pp. 1302-1308; Haas, S., Schwab, S., Geier, M., 2-Undecanone: A new attractant for anthropophilic mosquitoes (2006) Report of the German Society of General and Applied Entomology, 15, pp. 127-130; Hall, D.G., Hentz, M.G., Seasonal flight activity by the Asian citrus psyllid in east central Florida (2011) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 139, pp. 75-85; Jorgensen, N., Butler, R.C., Vereijssen, J., Biorational insecticides for control of the tomato potato psyllid (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 333-340; Kristoffersen, L., Larsson, M.C., Anderbrant, O., Functional characteristics of a tiny but specialized olfactory system: Olfactory receptor neurons of carrot psyllids (Homoptera: Triozidae) (2008) Chemical Senses, 33, pp. 759-769; Lee, Y., Nelder, J.A., Pawitan, Y., (2006) Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis Via H-likelihood, 416p. , Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London; Lin, S.Y.H., Trumble, J.T., Kumamoto, J., Activity of volatile compounds in glandular trichomes of Lycopersicon species against two insect herbivores (1987) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13, pp. 837-851; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, 511p. , Chapman & Hall, London; Mann, R.S., Ali, J.G., Hermann, S.L., Tiwari, S., Pelz-Stelinski, K.S., Alborn, H.T., Stelinski, L.L., Induced release of a plant-defense volatile 'deceptively' attracts insect vectors to plants infected with a bacterial pathogen (2012) PLoS Pathologens, 8, p. e1002610; Mensah, R.K., Madden, J.L., Field studies on color preferences of Ctenarytaina thysanura in Tasmanian boronia farms (1992) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 64, pp. 111-115; Munyaneza, J., Zebra chip disease of potato: Biology, epidemiology, and management (2012) American Journal of Potato Research, 89, pp. 329-350; Pletsch, D.J., The potato psyllid Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc), its biology and control (1947) Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, 446, pp. 1-95; Soroker, V., Talebaev, S., Harari, A.R., Wesley, S.D., The role of chemical cues in host and mate location in the pear psylla Cacopsylla bidens (Homoptera: Psylllidae) (2004) Journal of Insect Behavior, 17, pp. 613-626; Szauman-Szumski, K.J., Peña, A., Kelly, D.R., Campos, M., Identification of chemicals attractive to the olive bark beetle, Phloeotribus scarabaeoides, in laboratory bioassays (1998) BioControl, 43, pp. 345-355. , 1; Taylor, N.M., Butler, R.C., Vereijssen, J., Davidson, M.M., Trap colour, size, and borders alter catches of Bactericera cockerelli in a potato crop (2014) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 150, pp. 226-231; Teulon, D.A.J., Workman, P.J., Nielsen, M.-C., Thomas, K.L., Anderson, D.P., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Puketapu, A.J., Wright, P.J., Connolly, P.G., Anderson, J.A.D., A field trial to assess action thresholds for management of Bactericera cockerelli in main crop processing potatoes at Pukekohe (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 349-355; Wallis, R.L., Ecological studies on the potato psyllid as a pest of potatoes (1955) USDA Technical Bulletin, 1107, 25p; Yuvaraj, K.J., Andersson, M.N., Steinbauer, M.J., Farnier, K., Anderbrant, O., Specificity and sensitivity of plant odor-detecting olfactory sensory neurons in Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) (2013) Journal of Insect Physiology, 59, pp. 542-551 PY - 2014 SP - 184-190 ST - A volatile compound, 2-undecanone, increases walking, but not flying, tomato potato psyllid movement toward an odour source T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A volatile compound, 2-undecanone, increases walking, but not flying, tomato potato psyllid movement toward an odour source UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907809208&partnerID=40&md5=1a6d9bdf45438f93f9406da3f7859d29 VL - 67 ID - 181 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Follas, G. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2014 SP - xiii ST - New Zealand Plant Protection Society: Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - New Zealand Plant Protection Society: Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907829624&partnerID=40&md5=e03c91107598a679dd616c55a45b290a VL - 67 ID - 149 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study demonstrated that natural foliage and artificial collectors range in surface wettability, affecting spray adhesion, retention, spreading and coverage. Therefore the choice of artificial collector or natural foliage depends on the scientific question. If the volume of spray available to the canopy, or spray accountancy, is to be determined then an artificial collector that will intercept and retain all of the spray is required. Careful consideration of collector is required to meet stated objectives. For example, water sensitive paper is an excellent aid to sprayer set-up, but does not distinguish differences between formulations. It also provides no indication of retention or coverage on the crop surface. All artificial collectors tested were poor indicators of adhesion and retention by, and spreading and coverage on, natural plant surfaces and should not be substituted for natural plant surfaces in field trials attempting to quantify spray retention and coverage on the crop surfaces. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Forster, W. A. AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Strand, T. M. AU - Manktelow, D. W. L. AU - Van Leeuwen, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bruns, D.E., Nalewaja, J.D., Spray retention is affected by spray parameters, species, and adjuvants (1998) Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems, pp. 107-119. , Nalewaja JD, Goss GR, Tann RS ed. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, USA; Forster, W.A., Kimberley, M.O., Zabkiewicz, J.A., A universal spray droplet adhesion model (2005) Transactions of the ASAE, 48, pp. 1321-1330; Gaskin, R.E., Steele, K.D., Forster, W.A., Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 179-183; Hewitt, A.J., Tracer and collector systems for field deposition research (2010) Aspects of Applied Biology, 99, pp. 283-289; Holloway, P.J., Physicochemical factors influencing the adjuvant-enhanced spray deposition and coverage of foliage-applied agrochemicals (1994) Interactions between Adjuvants, Agrochemicals and Target Organisms, pp. 83-106. , Holloway PJ, Rees RT, Stock D ed. Springer-Verlag, New York; May, K.R., Clifford, R., The impaction of aerosol on cylinders, spheres, ribbons and discs (1967) Annals of Occpational Hygiene, 10 (2), pp. 83-95; Manktelow, D., Gaskin, R., May, B., (2011) How to Spray 2 Spring Canopies. Part C Assessing Spray Coverage for Psa Protectant Sprays, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/426, accessed 12 June 2014; Nairn, J.J., Forster, W.A., Van Leeuwen, R.M., "Universal" spray droplet adhesion model - Accounting for hairy leaves (2013) Weed Research, 53, pp. 407-417; Nairn, J.J., Forster, W.A., Van Leeuwen, R.M., Influence of spray formulation surface tension on spray droplet adhesion and shatter on hairy leaves (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 278-283; Richardson, B., Ray, J., Vanner, A., Evaluation of techniques to measure aerial spray deposition (1989) Proceedings of the 42nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 132-136; Schou, W.C., Forster, W.A., Mercer, G.N., Teske, M.E., Thistle, H.W., Building canopy retention into AGDISP: Preliminary models and results (2012) Transactions of the ASABE, 55, pp. 2059-2066; Stoebe, T., Lin, Z.X., Hill, R.M., Ward, M.D., Davis, H.T., Surfactant-enhanced spreading (1996) Langmuir, 12, pp. 337-344; Strand, T.M., Grace, J., Richardson, B., Gous, S., Brownlie, R., Aerial application for Psa control: Interaction between helicopter wake and dropsize (2012) Scion Report Number: 49418, 84p. , Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand; Thompson, D.G., Pitt, D.G., Staznik, B., Payne, N.J., Jaipersaid, D., Lautenschlager, R.A., Bell, F.W., On-target deposit and vertical distribution of aerially released herbicides (1997) The Forestry Chronical, 73, pp. 47-59 PY - 2014 SP - 284-291 ST - Effect of target wettability on spray droplet adhesion, retention, spreading and coverage: Artificial collectors versus plant surfaces T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of target wettability on spray droplet adhesion, retention, spreading and coverage: Artificial collectors versus plant surfaces UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907809781&partnerID=40&md5=8453901a2269219fc6539657f35c28a7 VL - 67 ID - 174 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bacterial canker disease, caused by a virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa-V) has affected kiwifruit vines in New Zealand since 2010. This study investigated the association of Psa-V with productivity within 'Hayward' and 'Hort16A' varieties. Psa-V infection status and date of diagnosis for 3,309 infected orchards were provided by Kiwifruit Vine Health, while Zespri provided productivity data. Linear regression models were constructed to determine the relationship between production and Psa-V infection in 'Hayward' and 'Hort16A' orchards. Results showed a significant relationship between the numbers of weeks Psa-V was detected in 'Hort16A' orchards and a reduction in productivity. This was likely due to the removal of Hort16A vines or productive areas of canopy in response to the presence of severe symptoms within an orchard. A similar significant relationship was also found in 'Hayward' orchards, although the reduction in productivity was smaller and took longer to develop than in 'Hort16A'. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Froud, K. J. AU - Cogger, N. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aitken, A.G., Hewett, E.W., (2012) Fresh Facts: New Zealand Horticulture 2012. Fresh Facts 14, 19p. , Plant & Food Research and Horticulture New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand; Dohoo, I.R., Martin, W., Stryhn, H., (2010) Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, 865p. , University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae as causal agent of bacterial canker of yellow kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planchon) in Central Italy (2009) Journal of Phytopathology, 157, pp. 768-770; Ferrante, P., Fiorillo, E., Marcelletti, S., Marocchi, F., Mastroleo, M., Simeoni, S., Scortichini, M., The importance of the main colonization and penetration sites of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and prevailing weather conditions in the development of epidemics in yellow kiwifruit, recently observed in central Italy (2012) Journal of Plant Pathology, 94, pp. 455-461; Greer, G., Saunders, C., (2012) The Costs of Psa-V to the New Zealand Kiwifruit Industry and the Wider Community, 75p. , Report to Kiwifruit Vine Health. Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand; (2013) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Vanneste, J.L., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa): A threat to the New Zealand and global kiwifruit industry (2012) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 40, pp. 265-267 PY - 2014 SP - 34-40 ST - Relationships between kiwifruit bacterial canker disease and kiwifruit productivity T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Relationships between kiwifruit bacterial canker disease and kiwifruit productivity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907841559&partnerID=40&md5=2355a20375484b2795ec9a2ebaff620e VL - 67 ID - 188 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ten years ago there were no known foliar diseases caused by Phytophthora on pine trees worldwide. Since then two significant Phytophthora diseases have emerged on radiata pine, one of which is only known in New Zealand. Red needle cast is a disease caused by the pathogen Phytophthora pluvialis, which is thought to have originated from northwestern USA. This paper reviews the challenges the New Zealand forestry industry faces when dealing with this disease and evaluates the management options, such as chemical control, biological control and breeding programmes, being investigated to minimise its effect on forest productivity. The distribution of the pathogen in New Zealand and research that shows bark, logs and wood are free of the pathogen, therefore unlikely to pose biosecurity threats through trade in these products, are also outlined. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Ganley, R. J. AU - Williams, N. M. AU - Rolando, C. A. AU - Hood, I. A. AU - Dungey, H. S. AU - Beets, P. N. AU - Bulman, L. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ahumada, R., Rotella, A., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M.J., Pathogenicity and sporulation of Phytophthora pinifolia on Pinus radiata in Chile (2013) Australasian Plant Pathology, 42, pp. 413-420; (2012) APHIS List of Regulated Hosts and Plants Proven or Associated with Phytophthora Ramorum, , www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/pram/downloads/pdf_files/usdaprlist.pdf, accessed 05 June 2014; Brasier, C.M., The biosecurity threat to the UK and global environment from international trade in plants (2008) Plant Pathology, 57, pp. 792-808; Casonato, S.G., Manning, M.A., Rheinlander, P.A., Fullerton, R.A., Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Erica sessiliflora and Erica davisii (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 86-90; Dick, M.A., Williams, N.M., Bader, M.K.-F., Gardner, J.F., Bulman, L.S., Pathogenicity of Phytophthora pluvialis to Pinus radiata and its relation with red needle cast disease in New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 44, p. 6; Durán, A., Gryzenhout, M., Slippers, B., Ahumada, R., Rotella, A., Flores, F., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J., Phytophthora pinifolia sp nov associated with a serious needle disease of Pinus radiata in Chile (2008) Plant Pathology, 57, pp. 715-727; Gallou, A., Lucero Mosquera, H.P., Cranenbrouck, S., Suárez, J.P., Declerck, S., Mycorrhiza induced resistance in potato plantlets challenged by Phytophthora infestans (2011) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 76, pp. 20-26; Grünwald, N.J., Goss, E.M., Press, C.M., Phytophthora ramorum: A pathogen with a remarkably wide host range causing sudden oak death on oaks and ramorum blight on woody ornamentals (2008) Molecular Plant Pathology, 9, pp. 729-740; Haas, B.J., Kamoun, S., Zody, M.C., Jiang, R.H.Y., Handsaker, R.E., Cano, L.M., Grabherr, M., Nusbaum, C., Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans (2009) Nature, 461, pp. 393-398; Hansen, E., Alien forest pathogens: Phytophthora species are changing world forests (2008) Boreal Environment Research, 13, pp. 33-41; Hardham, A.R., Phytophthora cinnamomi (2005) Molecular Plant Pathology, 6, pp. 589-604; Hoitink, H.A.J., Madden, L.V., Dorrance, A.E., Systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma spp.: Interactions between the host, the pathogen, the biocontrol agent, and soil organic matter quality (2006) Phytopathology, 96, pp. 186-189; Hood, I.A., Williams, N.M., Dick, M.A., Arhipova, N., Kimberley, M.O., Scott, P.M., Gardner, J.F., Decline in vitality of propagules of Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae and their inability to contaminate or colonise bark and sapwood in Pinus radiata export log simulation studies (2014) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 44, p. 7; Kanaskie, A., Hansen, E., Sutton, W., Reeser, P., Choquette, C., Application of phosphonate to prevent sudden oak death in south-western Oregon tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) forests (2011) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 41, pp. S177-S187; Kroon, L.P.N.M., Brouwer, H., De Cock, A.W.A.M., Govers, F., The genus Phytophthora anno 2012 (2012) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 348-364; Podger, F.D., Newhook, F.J., Phytophthora cinnamomi in indigenous plant communities in New Zealand (1971) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 9, pp. 625-638; Reeser, P., Sutton, W., Hansen, E., Phytophthora pluvialis, a new species from mixed tanoak-Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon, U.S.A. (2013) North American Fungi, 8, pp. 1-8; Reglinski, T., Spiers, T.M., Dick, M.A., Taylor, J.T., Gardner, J., Management of phytophthora root rot in radiata pine seedlings (2009) Plant Pathology, 58, pp. 723-730; Rizzo, D.M., Garbelotto, M., Davidson, J.M., Slaughter, G.W., Koike, S.T., Phytophthora ramorum as the cause of extensive mortality of Quercus spp. and Lithocarpus densiflorus in California (2002) Plant Disease, 86, pp. 205-214; Rolando, C., Gaskin, R., Horgan, D., Williams, N., Bader, M.K.-F., The use of adjuvants to improve uptake of phosphorous acid applied to Pinus radiata needles for control of foliar Phytophthora diseases (2014) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 44, p. 8; Shearer, B.L., Crane, C.E., Influence of site and rate of low-volume aerial phosphite spray on lesion development of Phytophthora cinnamomi and phosphite persistence in Lambertia inermis var. inermis and Banksia grandis (2009) Australasian Plant Pathology, 38, pp. 288-304; Shearer, B.L., Crane, C.E., Cochrane, A., Quantification of the susceptibility of the native flora of the South-West Botanical Province, Western Australia, to Phytophthora cinnamomi (2004) Australian Journal of Botany, 52, pp. 435-443; Zhang, S., White, T.L., Martinez, M.C., McInroy, J.A., Kloepper, J.W., Klassen, W., Evaluation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for control of Phytophthora blight on squash under greenhouse conditions (2010) Biological Control, 53, pp. 129-135 PY - 2014 SP - 48-53 ST - Management of red needle cast, caused by Phytophthora pluvialis, a new disease of radiata pine in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Management of red needle cast, caused by Phytophthora pluvialis, a new disease of radiata pine in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907857747&partnerID=40&md5=b3b86a5fa2ffefea160d1ff6200ebc3a VL - 67 ID - 162 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Autumn leaf scars are an important pathogen infection site for European canker on apples. Trials were undertaken to evaluate the effects of adjuvants on spray coverage of new leaf scars, and determine if adjuvants could (1) impart any significant rainfastness to protectant captan sprays and (2) provide any redistribution of captan during a rain event post-leaf drop. Retention on fresh leaf scars was increased with the use of organosilicone-latex sticker adjuvants only. Rain had little effect on spray residues but these adjuvants could improve rainfastness of captan due to their effects on spray retention. Retention on stem wood and around leaf nodes was increased by up to seven-fold with the use of superspreader-type adjuvants, due to redistribution of spray runoff from leaves. High initial deposits resulted in post-rain residues on leaf scars three-fold higher than a captan spray alone. Redistribution of captan onto exposed leaf scars in rain appears likely with these adjuvants. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Manktelow, D. W. L. AU - Northcott, G. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (2009) UC Pest Management Guidelines for European Canker on Apple, , http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r4100111.html#REFERENCE, accessed 15 April 2014; Anonymous, (2014) European Standard en 15662: Determination of Pesticide Residues Using GC-MS And/or LC-MS/MS Following Acetonitrile Extraction/partitioning and Clean-up by Dispersive SPE - QuEChERS-method, , http://www.en-standard.eu/, accessed 15 May 2014; Gaskin, R.E., Steele, K.D., Forster, W.A., Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 179-183; Gaskin, R.E., Steele, K.D., A comparison of sticker adjuvants for their effects on retention and rainfastening of fungicide sprays (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 339-342; Scheper, R.W.A., Fisher, B.M., Comparing methods to determine European canker resistance in apple tree accessions (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 280; Stevens, P.J.G., Organosilicone surfactants as adjuvants for agrochemicals (1993) Pesticide Science, 38, pp. 103-122 PY - 2014 SP - 139-144 ST - Effects of adjuvants on distribution and rainfastness of captan sprays on apple leaf scars to control European canker T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effects of adjuvants on distribution and rainfastness of captan sprays on apple leaf scars to control European canker UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907855158&partnerID=40&md5=eebf68c47d4145200aee4e9b30262567 VL - 67 ID - 164 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Best practice guidelines have been developed in recent years for application of low volume, concentrated pesticide sprays to avocado orchards. Oil sprays, an important component of spray programmes on avocado orchards, have been excluded from the concentrate programme because of the risk of damage to the crop. Two unreplicated trials were undertaken on commercial orchards, one each in Northland and Bay of Plenty, from December 2012-December 2013. Each plot consisted of a single orchard block (ca 1 ha) per treatment. Dilute (0.5% oil) high volume sprays (up to 3000 litres/ha) were compared with concentrated (1.5% oil) low-volume sprays (up to 1000 litres/ha) containing a horticultural superspreader adjuvant. Monitored pest populations were comparable in both treatments throughout the year with no detrimental impacts of concentrate oil sprays on either export packout rates or storage quality of fruit after harvest. Safe use of concentrate oil sprays on avocados is practical using a horticultural superspreader adjuvant. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gaskin, R. E. AU - Pak, H. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Dixon, J., (2003) New Zealand Avocado Fruit Assessment Manual, , Avocado Industry Council Ltd, Tauranga, New Zealand; Gaskin, R.E., Steele, K.D., Manktelow, D.W.L., Pak, H., Elliott, G.S., (2011) VII World Avocado Congress, Sepember 2011, Cairns, Australia, 11p. , http://www.worldavocadocongress2011.com/userfiles/file/Garry%20Elliot%201350-1410.pdf, accessed 15 April 2014; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W.L., Pak, H., Improving spray distribution and coverage on avocado trees in low volume, concentrate sprays (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 147-152; Manktelow, D., May, W., Distance based spraying: Using tree height and density to define chemical application rate requirements for NZ avocados (2009) AvoScene, pp. 23-25. , December 2009 PY - 2014 SP - 292-297 ST - Development of a concentrated oil spray programme on avocados to control insect and mite pests T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of a concentrated oil spray programme on avocados to control insect and mite pests UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907848002&partnerID=40&md5=93b7c7e210e14b3b4c9cd86ebce370d3 VL - 67 ID - 172 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Western clover (Trifolium occidentale) is a diploid perennial clover that is reported to be one of the progenitors of white clover (Trifolium repens). The ability to produce hybrids between T. repens and T. occidentale provides an opportunity to introduce factors to improve white clover tolerance to common stress factors. A series of assays was undertaken to compare the feeding and performance of two contrasting pests on two T. occidentale lines and two T. repens cultivars. Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) adults showed a preference for T. repens, but this diminished if weevils had been previously exposed to T. occidentale. Weevil longevity, feeding levels and oviposition were comparable over 32 days, indicating T. occidentale is a host plant for adult S. lepidus. Clover flea (Sminthurus viridis) showed a strong preference for T. repens over T. occidentale in a choice test and higher feeding levels on T. repens in the no-choice test. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - O'Donnell, K. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bishop, A.L., Barchia, I.M., Relationships between the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola: Sminthuridae), and damage to lucerne (2003) Australian Journal of Entomology, 42, pp. 304-310; Coombe, D.E., Trifolium occidentale, a new species related to T. repens L. (1961) Watsonia, 5, pp. 68-87; Cooper, B.M., Screening a range of white clover and two red clover lines for relative tolerance to clover flea (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 287-288; Crush, J.R., Cooper, B.M., Woodfield, D.R., Gerard, P.J., Development of clovers that are tolerant to clover root weevil (2005) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 67, pp. 23-27; Eden, T.M., Wilson, D.J., Hackell, D.L., Assays to determine the predatory ability of Pergamasus against clover flea (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 131-134; Gerard, P.J., Crush, J.R., Feeding habituation to red clover by clover root weevil adults (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 129-132; Gerard, P.J., Crush, J.R., Hackell, D.L., Interaction between Sitona lepidus and red clover lines selected for formononetin content (2005) Annals of Applied Biology, 147, pp. 173-181; Hardwick, S., Laboratory investigations into feeding preferences of adult Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (1998) Proceedings of T0he 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 5-8; Holdaway, F.G., (1927) The Bionomics of Smynthurus Viridis, Linn., the South Australian Lucerne Flea, 23p. , Pamphlet. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Commonwealth of Australia, Melbourne; Maclagan, D.S., An ecological study of the "Lucerne Flea" (Smynthurus viridis, Linn.) (1932) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 23, pp. 101-145; Mercer, C.F., Miller, K.J., Evaluation of 15 Trifolium spp. and of Medicago sativa as hosts of four Meloidogyne spp. found in New Zealand (1997) Journal of Nematology, 29, pp. 673-676; Murray, P.J., Evaluation of a range of varieties of white clover for resistance to feeding by weevils of the genus Sitona (1996) Plant Varieties & Seeds, 9, pp. 9-14; Murray, P.J., Influence of food source on feeding, longevity and fecundity of Sitona flavescens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major pest of white clover in the UK (1996) REU Technical Series, 42. , www.fao.org/docrep/v9968e/v9968e9960t.htm, Frame J ed. Recent Research and Development on White Clover in Europe. accessed 19 May 2014; Murray, P.J., Cheung, A.K.M., Abberton, M.T., Intraspecific variation in Trifolium pratense: Impact on feeding and host location by Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) (2007) Journal of Pest Science, 80, pp. 51-57; Murray, P.J., Clements, R.O., Investigations of the host feeding preferences of Sitona weevils found commonly on white clover (Trifolium repens) in the UK (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 71, pp. 73-79; Murray, P.J., Willoughby, B., Feeding preferences of Sitona lepidus (clover root weevil) on Trifolium spp. in New Zealand (1998) Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars, 19, pp. 58-59; Pederson, G.A., McLaughlin, M.R., Resistance to viruses in Trifolium interspecific hybrids related to white clover (1989) Plant Disease, 73, pp. 997-999; Smith, C.M., Clement, S.L., Molecular bases of plant resistance to arthropods (2012) Annual Review of Entomology, 57, pp. 309-328; Williams, W.M., Ellison, N.W., Ansari, H.A., Verry, I.M., Hussain, S.W., Experimental evidence for the ancestry of allotetraploid Trifolium repens and creation of synthetic forms with value for plant breeding (2012) BMC Plant Biology, p. 55; Williams, W.M., Griffiths, A.G., Hay, M.J.M., Richardson, K.A., Ellison, N.W., Rasmussen, S., Verry, I.M., Allan, A., Development of Trifolium occidentale as a plant model system for perennial clonal species (2009) Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage & Turf, 17 July 2007, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 45-53. , Yamada T, Spangenberg G ed. Springer, New York PY - 2014 SP - 250-255 ST - Investigations into suitability of Trifolium occidentale as a host plant for two common pasture pests T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Investigations into suitability of Trifolium occidentale as a host plant for two common pasture pests UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907818901&partnerID=40&md5=b0b729339b6851b1cdbc6cdee90bf6ba VL - 67 ID - 153 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A new large scale precision track sprayer has been developed and evaluated for spray deposition and pesticide application research under controlled conditions. The spray room is fitted with a 4 m wide electrically driven boom, suspended 4 m above ground, running on a 12 m long I-beam. It is fitted with 9 independently controlled shut off valves and nozzles. Sprays can be applied to live plant canopies up to 3 m tall within a 2 m x 3 m sample area. The number, location and type of nozzle on the boom can be altered, as can spray liquid pressure and boom speed, in order to simulate a wide range of spray application scenarios. Calibration of the large-scale precision track sprayer has been undertaken for a range of droplet spectra, from extremely coarse to very fine. This paper documents the calibration results and discusses the potential use of this facility for pesticide application research. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gous, S. F. AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Hewitt, A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ammons, R., Thistle, H., Barry, J., Optimized pesticide application (2000) Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 75, pp. 155-166; ASABE, (2009) ASABE - S-572: Spray Nozzle Classification by Droplet Spectra, 4p. , American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA; Barbosa, R.N., Griffin, J.L., Hollier, C.A., Effect of spray rate and method of application in spray deposition (2009) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 25, pp. 181-184; Brockerhoff, E.G., Liebhold, A.M., Richardson, B., Suckling, D.M., Eradication of invasive forest insects: Concepts, methods, costs and benefits (2010) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 40, pp. S117-S135; Cross, J.V., Murray, R.A., Ridout, M.S., Walklate, P.J., Quantification of spray deposits and their variability on apple trees (1997) Aspects of Applied Biology, 48, pp. 217-224; Cross, J.V., Walklate, P.J., Murray, R.A., Richardson, G.M., Spray deposits and losses in different sized apple trees from an axial fan orchard sprayer: 1. Effects of spray liquid flow rate (2001) Crop Protection, 20, pp. 13-30; Dubs, A., Dove, L.G., Symmons, P.M., A method of investigating the effect of droplet size on pesticide collection by vegetation (1985) Pesticide Science, 16, pp. 217-226; Forest Owners Association, (2011) New Zealand Forestry Facts and Figures, 45p. , NZFOA, Wellington, New Zealand; Fritz, B.K., Hoffmann, W.C., Atmospheric effects on fate of aerially applied agricultural sprays (2008) Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Ejournal, 10, pp. 1-15; Hewitt, A., Droplet size and agricultural spraying, Part I: Atomization, spray transport, deposition, drift, and droplet size measurement techniques (1997) Atomization and Sprays, 7, pp. 235-244; Kirk, I.W., Bouse, L.F., Carlton, J.B., Franz, E., Stermer, R.A., Aerial spray deposition in cotton (1992) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 35, pp. 1393-1399; Mansfield, S., Withers, T.M., Gous, S.F., Potter, K.J.B., Kriticos, D.J., Watson, M.C., Kimberley, M.O., Potential of selective insecticides for managing Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) on eucalypts (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 780-789; MPI, (2013) Eucalyptus Leaf Beetle Paropsisterna Beata, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/eucalyptus-leaf-beetle, accessed 11 June 2014; Richardson, B., Thistle, H., The role of aerial application simulation models for pest eradication operations in urban environments (2003) Defending the Green Oasis: New Zealand Biosecurity and Science, pp. 125-144. , Goldson S, Suckling DM ed. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch; Richardson, B., Thistle, H.W., Measured and predicted aerial spray interception by a young Pinus radiata canopy (2006) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 49, pp. 15-23; Richardson, B., Ray, J.W., Vanner, A., Evaluation of techniques to measure aerial spray deposition (1989) Proceedings of the 42nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 132-136; Ryall, T., Carter, D., (2010) New Zealand First to Wipe Out the 'Aussie Mozzie', , http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-zealand-first-wipe-out-%e2%80%98aussie-mozzie039, accessed 15 April 2014; Withers, T.M., Watson, M.C., Watt, M.S., Nelson, T.L., Harper, L.A., Hurst, M.R.H., Laboratory bioassays of new synthetic and microbial insecticides to control Eucalyptus tortoise beetle Paropsis charybdis (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 138-147 PY - 2014 SP - 267-273 ST - A new pest management research facility: Scion's large-scale precision track sprayer T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A new pest management research facility: Scion's large-scale precision track sprayer UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907813673&partnerID=40&md5=17d647ebc3488b4b81ef16b31618e6a9 VL - 67 ID - 175 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New Caledonia exports limes to New Zealand and Australia each year. In 2011, a high pressure washing (HPW) system was installed in an existing fresh lime grading line in La Tontouta, New Caledonia. Since then, fumigation of limes has decreased from 100% of shipments prior to 2011 to 5.8% in 2012 and 1.2% in 2013 (from 173 and 82 shipments respectively). This paper reports on trials undertaken over the last 2 years while installing, modifying, testing and commercially operating the HPW system for lime exports. Fruit quality and removal of pests (mainly Glover's scale ( Lepidosaphes gloverii) and mussel scale (Lepidosaphes beckii)) indicated that a 175 psi (1207 kPa) HPW treatment under a gantry of seven rows of two angled nozzles resulted in up to 97% removal of pests and >84% of heavily infested limes being clean of pests, with no adverse effect on fruit quality. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Olsson, S. R. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Kagy, V. AU - Mille, C. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: De Lima, C.P.F., Jessup, A.J., Cruickshank, L., Walsh, C.J., Mansfield, E.R., Cold disinfestation of citrus (Citrus spp.) for Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) and Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (2007) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35, pp. 39-50; Honiball, F., Giliomee, J.H., Randall, J.H., Mechanical control of red scale (Aonidiella auranti Mask) on harvested oranges (1979) Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Journal, 549, pp. 17-18; Jamieson, L., Whiting, D.C., Woolf, A.B., White, A., McDonald, R.M., Water-blasting avocados to remove leafroller eggs (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 371-374; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Olsson, S., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., Woolf, A., High pressure water-washing to remove pests from capsicums (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 118-122; Jamieson, L.E., DeSilva, H.N., Worner, S.P., Rogers, D.J., Hill, M.G., Walker, J.T.S., A review of methods for assessing and managing market access and biosecurity risks using systems approaches (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 1-9; Mille, C., (2011) Animaux Nuisibles et Utiles des Jardins et Vergers de Nouvelle Calédonie. Editions, 200p. , SENC, Entomological Society of New Caledonia; (2012) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Venables, W.N., Ripley, B.D., (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth Edition, 495p. , Springer, New York; Walker, G., Morse, N., Arpaia, M.L., Evaluation of a high-pressure washer for postharvest removal of California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89, pp. 148-155; Walker, G., Zareh, N., Arpaia, M.L., Effect of pressure and dwell time on efficiency of a high-pressure washer for postharvest removal of California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) from citrus fruit (1999) Journal of Economic Entomology, 92, pp. 906-914; Whiting, D., Hoy, L., Maindonald, J., Connolly, P., McDonald, R., High-pressure washing treatments to remove obscure mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and lightbrown apple moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from harvested apples (1998) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, pp. 1458-1463; Whiting, D., Hoy, L.E., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., Effects of high-pressure water jets on armoured scale insects and other contaminants of harvested kiwifruit (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 211-215; Woolf, A., Olsson, S., McDonald, R., White, A., Rogers, D., Jamieson, L., Novel high pressure water-washing (or water blasting) for market access (2009) Postharvest Pacifica 2009: Australasian Postharvest and Managing Quality in Chains Conference, p. 48 PY - 2014 SP - 109-115 ST - Reducing the risk of importing pest-infested citrus by applying high pressure washing treatments offshore T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Reducing the risk of importing pest-infested citrus by applying high pressure washing treatments offshore UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907857628&partnerID=40&md5=8965479bce0d2ff10af3dc8de76d4c28 VL - 67 ID - 168 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Self-reporting cameras have the potential to revolutionise the trapping networks utilised in pest management and biosecurity. A study was carried out to determine whether commercially available self-reporting camera systems that use Wi-Fi™ and GSM to transmit images to secure websites could be incorporated into trapping networks. Of 45 systems initially examined, one, the RedEye security camera, was laboratory tested. Tests showed that the standard optics package was incapable of distinguishing between clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) and Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis). An upgrade of the camera's optics enabled it be used to successfully monitor porina (Wiseana spp.) flight activity. While this result was encouraging, more research is needed before the technology can be incorporated into trapping networks. In particular, further thought is needed as to the level of image resolution that is required to ensure that the system is relevant to all pest management and biosecurity practitioners. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Hardwick, S. AU - Ferguson, C. M. AU - Wilson, D. J. AU - Sik, J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Basoalto, E., Hilton, R., Knight, A., Factors affecting the efficacy of a vinegar trap for Drosophila suzikii (Diptera; Drosophilidae) (2013) Journal of Applied Entomology, 137, pp. 561-570; Bradley, S., Walker, J.T.S., Wearing, C.H., Shaw, P.W., Hodson, A.J., The use of pheromone traps for leafroller action thresholds in pipfruit (1998) Proceeding of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 173-178; Cowley, J.M., A new system of fruit fly surveillance trapping in New Zealand (1990) New Zealand Entomologist, 13, pp. 81-84; El-Sayed, A.M., Gibb, A.R., Suckling, D.M., Chemistry of the sex pheromone gland of fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea discovered in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 31-36; Fukatsu, T., Watanabe, T., Haoming, H., Yoichi, H., Hirafuji, M., Field monitoring support system for the occurrence of Leptocorisa chinensis Dallas (Hemptera: Alydidae) using synthetic attractants, field servers and image analysis (2012) Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 80, pp. 8-16; Guarnieri, A., Maini, S., Molari, G., Rondelli, V., Automatic trap for moth detection in integrated pest management (2011) Bulletin of Insectology, 64, pp. 247-251; Hosking, G., Clearwater, J., Handiside, J., Kay, M., Ray, J., Simmons, N., Tussock moth eradication - A success story from New Zealand (2003) International Journal of Pest Management, 49 (1), pp. 17-24; Jain, J.A., Tseng, C.L., Lu, F.M., Yang, E.C., Wu, Z.S., Chen, C.P., Lin, S.H., Liao, C.S., A GSM-based remote wireless automatic monitoring system for field information: A case study for the ecological monitoring of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (2008) Journal of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 62, pp. 243-259; Landolt, P.J., Adams, T., Rogg, H., Trapping spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with combinations of vinegar and wine, and acetic acid and ethanol (2012) Journal of Applied Entomology, 136, pp. 148-154; Langheinrich, M., Finn, R., Wright, D., Coroama, V., Quo vadis smart surveillance? How smart technologies combine and challenge democratic oversight (2014) Reloading Data Protection: Multidisciplinary Insights and Contemporary Challenges, pp. 151-182. , Gutwirth S, Leenes R, de Hert P ed. Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht, Netherlands; Leggett, J.E., Cross, W.H., Mitchell, H.C., Johnson, W.L., McGovern, W.L., Improved traps for capturing boll weevils (1975) Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 10, pp. 52-61; Lopez, O., Rach, M.M., Migallon, H., Malumbres, M.P., Bonastre, A., Serrano, J.J., Monitoring pest insect traps by means of low-power image sensor technologies (2012) Sensors, 12, pp. 15801-15819; Ross, M.G., (2005) Response to a Gypsy Moth Incursion Within New Zealand, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/pests/gypsy-moth/residents/response-gm-incursion.pdf, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand accessed May 2014; Stephenson, B.P., Gill, G.S.C., Randall, J.L., Wilson, J.A., Biosecurity approaches to surveillance and response for new plant pest species (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 5-9; Suckling, D.M., Barrington, A.M., Chhagan, A., Stephens, A.E.A., Burnip, G.M., Charles, J.G., Wee, S.L., Eradication of the Australian painted apple moth Teia anartoides in New Zealand: Trapping, inherited sterility and male competitiveness (2007) Area-wide Control of Insect Pests, pp. 603-615. , Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendricks J ed. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria; Suckling, D.M., Jang, E.B., Holder, P., Carvalho, L., Stephens, E.A., Evaluation of lure dispensers for fruit fly surveillance in New Zealand (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 848-856 PY - 2014 SP - 1-7 ST - Can pest management and biosecurity benefit from the surveillance and security industries? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Can pest management and biosecurity benefit from the surveillance and security industries? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907855091&partnerID=40&md5=50c6608157d102d27ed754d6ada4f978 VL - 67 ID - 160 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Some organic farming literature suggests that the presence of weeds in pastures can be explained by problems with the soil. Sixty 1 m2 patches of pasture with different densities of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) were identified across six different paddocks on an organic dairy farm. Various soil parameters were measured in each patch to determine if any of these correlated well with the differing weed densities. Parameters measured included soil pH, moisture, compaction and concentrations of 12 nutrients in adjacent perennial ryegrass. This process was repeated for Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) using a different series of 60 patches. Significant correlations were found between dock density and pH, potassium, magnesium and manganese, and Californian thistle density was significantly correlated to soil pH and sulphur content. However, these correlations were generally weak and are not considered good indicators of whether these weed species would thrive within this particular farm. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Horne, D. J. AU - Kemp, P. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anderson, W.P., (1999) Perennial Weeds: Characteristics and Identification of Herbaceous Species, 228p. , Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA; Boas, F., (1958) Indicator Plants (Weeds in Arable Land), 20p. , Ackerbau, Hanover, Germany; Bohner, A., Physiology and nutritive value of docks (2001) Alpenlandische Expertenforum Zum Thema 'Bestandesfuhrung und Unkrautregulierung Im Grunland Schwerpunkt Amber', 22-23 March 2001, BAL Gumpenstein, Irdning, Austria, pp. 39-44; Harrington, K.C., Kemp, P.D., Horne, D.J., He, X.Z., Weed population dynamics for contrasting organic pasture establishment techniques (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 110-117; Harrington, K.C., Osborne, M.A., Kemp, P.D., Effect of 10 years of organic dairy farming on weed populations (2012) Proceedings of the 18thAustralasian Weeds Conference, pp. 159-162; Harrington, K.C., Thatcher, A., Kemp, P.D., Mineral composition and nutritive value of some common pasture weeds (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 261-265; Holzner, W., Weeds as indicators (1982) Biology and Ecology of Weeds, 461p. , Holzner W, Numata N ed. Dr W Junk Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands; Hopkins, A., Green, J.O., Effect of soil fertility and drainage on sward changes (1979) Changes in Sward Composition and Productivity, 253p. , Charles AH, Haggar RJ ed. Occasional Symposium No 10, British Grassland Society, Hurley, UK; Pfeiffer, E.E., (1970) Weeds and What They Tell. Biodynamic Literature, Wyoming, Rhode Island, USA, 96p; Munson, R.D., Nelson, W.L., Principles and practices in plant analysis (1990) Soil Testing and Plant Analysis, 3rd Edition, 784p. , Westerman RL ed. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Rothmaler, W., (2009) Exkursionsflora Von Deutschland: Gefäßpflanzen 19th Ed., 2, 756p. , Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany; Sims, J.T., Soil pH effects on the distribution and plant availability of manganese, copper and zinc (1986) Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50, pp. 367-373 PY - 2014 SP - 238-244 ST - Can differences in Cirsium arvense and Rumex obtusifolius densities within pastures be explained by soil parameters? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Can differences in Cirsium arvense and Rumex obtusifolius densities within pastures be explained by soil parameters? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907821022&partnerID=40&md5=6414ff36eb270bf9b3edf6526317b6fb VL - 67 ID - 176 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Great white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), was first detected in Nelson, New Zealand, during 2010 and is the target of a current eradication programme. Knowledge of genetic variation in introduced species can be useful for various reasons, such as inferring the geographic source of the invading population and recognising when the invaded area is reinvaded by new immigrants. Genetic variation in specimens of P. brassicae collected at Nelson, New Zealand, was assessed by sequencing a region of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). COI sequences were obtained from 27 Nelson specimens and three haplotypes were found. Comparison to other sequences of P. brassicae, retrieved from GenBank and the Barcode of Life Data System, revealed that one New Zealand haplotype was identical to a sequence from Spain, Romania and Pakistan, and another was identical to a sequence from Germany. A third haplotype did not match any of the other available sequences. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Hiszczynska-Sawicka, E. AU - Phillips, C. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Astrin, J.J., Stüben, P.E., Phylogeny in cryptic weevils: Molecules, morphology and new genera of western Palaearctic Cryptorhynchinae (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) (2008) Invertebrate Systematics, 22, pp. 503-522; Bonnemaison, L., Insect pests of crucifers and their control (1965) Annual Review of Entomology, 10, pp. 233-256; Chao, A., Colwell, R.K., Lin, C.-W., Gotelli, N.J., Sufficient sampling for asymptotic minimum species richness estimators (2009) Ecology, 90, pp. 1125-1133; Chao, A., Lin, C.-W., Nonparametric lower bounds for species richness and shared species richness under sampling without replacement (2012) Biometrics, 68, pp. 912-921; Davies, C.R., Gilbert, N., A comparative study of the egg-laying behaviour and larval development of Pieris rapae L. and P. Brassicae L. on the same host plants (1985) Oecologia, 67, pp. 278-281; Estoup, A., Guillemaud, T., Reconstructing routes of invasion using genetic data: Why, how and so what? (2010) Molecular Ecology, 19, pp. 4113-4130; Feltwell, J., The depredations of the large white butterfly. (Pieris brassicae) (Pieridae) (1978) The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 17, pp. 218-225; Feltwell, J., (1982) Large White Butterfly: The Biology, Biochemistry, and Physiology of Pieris Brassicae, , Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, Netherlands; Fitzpatrick, B.M., Fordyce, J.A., Niemiller, M.L., Reynolds, R.G., What can DNA tell us about biological invasions? (2012) Biological Invasions, 14, pp. 245-253; Gardiner, B.O.C., Pieris brassicae (L.) established in Chile: Another palearctic pest crosses the Atlantic (Pieridae) (1974) Journal of the Lepedopterists' Society, 28, pp. 269-277; Geertsema, H., The large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae, an exotic butterfly of potential threat to cabbage growers in the Western Cape, South Africa (1996) Journal of the Southern African Society of Horticultural Sciences, 6, pp. 31-34; Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L., DeWaard, J.R., Biological identifications through DNA barcodes (2003) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London - Series B: Biological Sciences, 270, pp. 313-321; Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Drummond, A., Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data (2012) Bioinformatics, 28, pp. 1647-1649; Lal, M.N., Ram, B., Cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. - An upcoming menace for Brassica oilseed crops in Northern India (2004) Cruciferae Newsletter, 25, p. 83; Le Masurier, A., Costs and benefits of egg clustering in Pieris brassicae (1994) Journal of Animal Ecology, 63, pp. 677-685; Pachuau, L., Vanlaruati, C., Kumar, S.N., Morphological versus molecular characterization of three similar Pierid species of butterflies (2012) International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 3, pp. 1091-1102; Phillips, C.B., Brown, K., Green, C., Walker, G., Broome, K., Toft, R., Vander Lee, B., King, M., (2013) Great White Butterfly Interim Report. Prepared for Ministry for Primary Industries External Technical Advisory Group, 32p. , December 2013. Department of Conservation, Nelson; Ratnasingham, S., Hebert, P.D.N., BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (www.Barcodinglife.Org) (2007) Molecular Ecology Notes, 7, pp. 355-364; Robertson, B.C., Gemmell, N.J., Defining eradication units to control invasive pests (2004) Journal of Applied Ecology, 41, pp. 1042-1048; Spieth, H.R., Cordes, R., Geographic comparison of seasonal migration events of the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (2012) Ecological Entomology, 37, pp. 439-445; Veale, A.J., Edge, K.-A., McMurtrie, P., Fewster, R.M., Clout, M.N., Gleeson, D.M., Using genetic techniques to quantify reinvasion, survival and in situ breeding rates during control operations (2013) Molecular Ecology, 22, pp. 5071-5083; Winder, L.M., Phillips, C.B., Richards, N.K., Ochoa-Corona, F., Hardwick, S., Vink, C.J., Goldson, S.L., Evaluation of DNA melting analysis as a tool for species identification (2011) Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2, pp. 312-320; Xu, J., Fonseca, D.M., Hamilton, G.C., Hoelmer, K.A., Nielsen, A.L., Tracing the origin of US brown marmorated stink bugs, Halyomorpha halys (2014) Biological Invasions, 16, pp. 153-166 PY - 2014 SP - 8-12 ST - Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence variation in New Zealand and overseas specimens of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence variation in New Zealand and overseas specimens of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907820253&partnerID=40&md5=ffdd471bc27e5e80040f86c774564e4b VL - 67 ID - 159 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In kauri forest soils surveys, Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA), P. cinnamomi, P. multivora and P. cryptogea were detected frequently. In vitro and glasshouse studies determined that all four Phytophthora species produced lesions on excised kauri leaves and stems. Lesion advance was significantly slower with P. cinnamomi, P. multivora and P. cryptogea than with PTA. When 2-year-old kauri seedlings were trunk-inoculated, lesion spread was rapid with PTA, trunks were girdled, and all trees died within 4-6 weeks. Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. multivora and P. cryptogea produced substantially smaller lesions than PTA, no trees died, and plant growth was only slightly suppressed. Following soil inoculation with PTA, all kauri seedlings died within 10 weeks. There were no deaths following soil inoculation with P. cinnamomi, P. multivora or P. cryptogea, although feeder root damage was observed and the respective pathogens were re-isolated. Results suggest that PTA is an aggressive pathogen, and the other three species are weaker pathogens of kauri. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Horner, I. J. AU - Hough, E. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beever, R.E., Waipara, N.W., Ramsfield, T.D., Dick, M.A., Horner, I.J., Kauri (Agathis australis) under threat from Phytophthora? (2009) Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of IUFRO Working Party S07.02.09, pp. 74-85. , General Technical report PSW-GTR-221, USDA Forest Service, Albany, CA, USA; Beever, R.E., Tsai, S., Waipara, N.W., Dick, M.A., Ramsfield, T.D., Pathogenicity of Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA) (2010) Fifth Meeting of the International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) Working Party 7.02.09, Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems; March 2010. Rotorua, New Zealand, p. 2. , Abstract only; Erwin, D.C., Ribeiro, O.K., (1996) Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide, , APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota; Horner, I.J., (1984) The Role of Phytophthora Cinnamomi and Other Fungal Pathogens in the Establishment of Kauri and Kahikatea, , MSc thesis, University of Auckland; Johnston, P.R., Horner, I.J., Beever, R.E., Phytophthora cinnamomi in New Zealand's indigenous forests (2003) Phytophthora in Forests and Natural Ecosystems. Second International IUFRO Working Party 7.02.09 Meeting. Albany, Western Australia, Sept-5 Oct 2001, pp. 41-48. , McComb JA, Hardy GE StJ, Tommerup IC ed. Murdoch University Print, Murdoch, Australia; Newhook, F.J., The association of Phytophthora spp with mortality of Pinus radiata and other conifers (1959) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, pp. 808-843; Podger, F.D., Newhook, F.J., Phytophthora cinnamomi in indigenous plant communities in New Zealand (1971) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 9, pp. 625-638; Scott, P.M., Burgess, T.I., Barber, P.A., Shearer, B.L., Stukely, M.J.C., Hardy, G.E., St, J., Jung, T., Phytophthora multivora sp. Nov., a new species recovered from declining Eucalyptus, Banksia, Agonis and other plant species in Western Australia (2009) Persoonia, 22, pp. 1-13; Waipara, N.W., Hill, S., Hill, L.M.W., Hough, E.G., Horner, I.J., Surveillance methods to determine tree health, distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 235-241 PY - 2014 SP - 54-59 ST - Pathogenicity of four phytophthora species on kauri: In vitro and glasshouse trials T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pathogenicity of four phytophthora species on kauri: In vitro and glasshouse trials UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907859987&partnerID=40&md5=f8a89fd5e7cef08a03caec732f44777e VL - 67 ID - 154 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fire blight, a bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, is an ongoing problem for pipfruit growers, with few control options available. Most commercial cultivars and rootstocks are highly susceptible to the disease. Breeding of fire blight-resistant scions and rootstocks to manage the disease is a major goal of the New Zealand apple breeding programme. The main mode of disease establishment is through flowers. However, the breeding programme currently evaluates disease resistance through shoot inoculations. This study compared the degree of resistance in 109 progeny from a 'Royal Gala' x Malus robusta 'Robusta 5' family assessed by shoot inoculation and by floral inoculations. Results indicate that the two measures of resistance do not correlate well, and that different quantitative trait loci may be involved in flower and shoot resistance. Management of fire blight through the implementation of resistant cultivars will require resistance screening on both shoot and flower assessments. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Horner, M. B. AU - Hough, E. G. AU - Hedderley, D. I. AU - How, N. M. AU - Bus, V. G. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Calenge, F., Drouet, D., Denancé, C., Van De Weg, W.E., Brisset, M.N., Paulin, J.P., Durel, C.E., Identification of a major QTL together with several minor additive or epistatic QTLs for resistance to fire blight in apple in two related progenies (2005) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 111, pp. 128-135; Cockayne, A.H., Fire blight, a serious disease of fruit trees (1920) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 20, pp. 156-157; Durel, C.-E., Denance, C., Brisset, M.N., Two distinct major QTL for resistance to fire blight co-localize on linkage group 12 in apple genotypes 'Evereste' and Malus floribunda clone 821 (2009) Genome, 52, pp. 139-147; Dye, D.W., (1949) 23rd Annual Report, 88p. , Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Zealand; Emeriewen, O., Richter, K., Kilian, A., Zini, E., Hanke, M.-V., Malnoy, M., Peil, A., Identification of a major quantitative trait locus for fire blight resistance in the wild apple species Malus fusca (2014) Molecular Breeding; Gardiner, S.E., Norelli, J.L., De Silva, N., Fazio, G., Peil, A., Malnoy, M., Horner, M., Bus, V.G.M., Candidate gene markers associated with quantitative trait loci for fire blight resistance in Malus "robusta 5" accessions (2012) BMC Genetics, 13 (1), p. 25; Hildebrand, E.M., Infectivity of the fire-blight organism (1937) Phytopathology, 27, pp. 850-852; Khan, M.A., Zhao, Y.F., Korban, S.S., Molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and resistance to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora, causal agent of fire blight disease in Rosaceae (2012) Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 30, pp. 247-260; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Le Roux, P.M.F., Khan, M.A., Broggini, G.A.L., Duffy, B., Gessler, C., Patocchi, A., Mapping of quantitative trait loci for fire blight resistance in the apple cultivars 'Florina' and 'Nova Easygro' (2010) Genome, 53, pp. 710-722; Parravicini, G., Gessler, C., Denancé, C., Lasserre-Zuber, P., Vergne, E., Brisset, M., Patocchi, A., Broggini, G.A.L., Identification of serine/threonine kinase and nucleotidebinding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes in the fire blight resistance quantitative trait locus of apple cultivar 'Evereste' (2011) Molecular Plant Pathology, 12, pp. 493-505; Peil, A., Garcia-Libreros, T., Richter, K., Trognitz, F.C., Trognitz, B., Hanke, M.V., Flachowsky, H., Strong evidence for a fire blight resistance gene of Malus robusta located on linkage group 3 (2007) Plant Breeding, 126, pp. 470-475; Thibault, B., Le Lezez, M., Sensibilité au feu bactérien des principales variétiés de pommier at du Poirier utilisées en Europe (1990) Applied Research in Europe (1978-1988), pp. 96-109. , Fire Blight of Pomoïdeae (Erwinia amylovora, Burrill, Winslow et al.). EUR 12601, ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg; Thomson, S.V., Epidemiology of fire blight (2000) Fire Blight: The Disease and Its Causative Agent, Erwinia Amylovora, pp. 9-36. , Vanneste JL ed. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Van Der Zwet, T., Keil, H.L., Fire blight-A bacterial disease of rosaceous plants (1979) United States Department of Agriculture Handbook, 510, 200p; Van Der Zwet, T., Orolaza-Halbrendt, N., Zeller, W., (2011) Fire Blight: History, Biology and Management, p. 420. , APS Press, St Paul, MN, USA PY - 2014 SP - 145-150 ST - Comparison of fire blight resistance screening methodologies T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of fire blight resistance screening methodologies UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907811773&partnerID=40&md5=190d8d11290c99d8d282cd4114358cdd VL - 67 ID - 170 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Herbaceous indicator bioassays are used to screen for unwanted plant viruses on imported plant material. To optimise virus detection, the effect of plant nutrition was investigated to determine whether this plays a role in virus symptom expression and severity. Apple stem grooving virus and Tobacco ringspot virus were inoculated onto a range of herbaceous indicator species grown in potting mix supplemented with differing rates of slow-release fertiliser. Higher rates of fertiliser resulted in better plant nutrition and a greater incidence of virus expression and more severe expression of disease in the seven indicator plant species. Overall, disease assessments indicated that plant nutrition affects plant growth, virus infection rate, and virus symptom expression. As virus infection affects plant growth and leaf colour, good plant nutrition is important to avoid masking virus symptoms and to optimise the detection of viruses in post-entry quarantine facilities. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Horner, M. B. AU - Van Den Brink, R. C. AU - Austin, P. T. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Hull, R., (2002) Matthews' Plant Virology. Fourth Edition, 1001p. , Academic Press, London; Lee, C.R., Singh, R.P., Enhancement of diagnostic symptoms of Potato spindle tuber virus by manganese (1972) Phytopathology, 62, pp. 516-520; Matthews, R.E.F., (1991) Plant Virology. Third Edition, 835p. , Academic Press, London; Zafar, Z.U., Athar, H.-U.-R., Influence of different phosphorus regimes on disease resistance in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars differing in resistance to Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCUV) (2013) Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45, pp. 617-627 PY - 2014 SP - 13-17 ST - The effect of fertiliser on detection of Apple stem grooving virus and Tobacco ringspot virus by herbaceous bioassay T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of fertiliser on detection of Apple stem grooving virus and Tobacco ringspot virus by herbaceous bioassay UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907813309&partnerID=40&md5=dc0699200c058bea34867e0b84da230e VL - 67 ID - 178 ER - TY - JOUR AB - International trade of wood, including dunnage, is a well-known pathway for spreading diseases and wood-boring insects between countries. To mitigate this risk, the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM15) states that wood packaging materials must be heated to a minimum of 56°C for 30 min. However, it is difficult to confirm that wood has been properly heat-treated. After preliminary investigations of 12 enzymes and 3 sugars from pine xylem, experiments focused on malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and fructose. Samples from the surfaces of heat-treated Pinus radiata wood exhibited decreased MDH activity and increased fructose concentration. However, samples from 5 mm deeper in the profile of heated wood showed similar MDH activity to unheated wood, but contained relatively lower fructose concentrations. There is potential to exploit heat-induced changes in MDH activity and fructose concentration to develop a quick, easily-used assay for verifying compliance of wood packaging materials with ISPM15. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Iline, I. I. AU - Novoselov, M. A. AU - Richards, N. K. AU - Phillips, C. B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371; Haack, R.A., Petrice, T.R., Bark- and wood-borer colonization of logs and lumber after heat treatment to ISPM 15 specifications: The role of residual bark (2009) Journal of Economic Entomology, 102, pp. 1075-1084; Haissig, B.E., Schipper, A.L., Jr., Easy extraction of enzymes from small amounts of woody tissue (1972) Analytical Biochemistry, 48, pp. 129-146; Haissig, B.E., Schipper, A.L., Jr., How to extract and characterize dehydrogenases from woody plants (1978) U S Forest Service Research Paper NC, 159, pp. 1-15; Halpin, C., Knight, M.E., Grima-Pettenati, J., Goffner, D., Boudet, A., Schuch, W., Purification and characterization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from tobacco stems (1992) Plant Physiology, 98, pp. 12-16; Hawkins, S., Boudet, A., 'Defence lignin' and hydroxycinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities in wounded Eucalyptus gunnii (2003) Forest Pathology, 33, pp. 91-104; Hoch, G., Popp, M., Körner, C., Altitudinal increase of mobile carbon pools in Pinus cembra suggests sink limitation of growth at the Swiss treeline (2002) Oikos, 98, pp. 361-374; Hoch, G., Richter, A., Körner, C., Nonstructural carbon compounds in temperate forest trees (2003) Plant, Cell and Environment, 26, pp. 1067-1081; Iline, I.I., Novoselov, M., Phillips, C.B., Proof of concept for a biochemical test that differentiates between heat-treated and non-heat-treated food products (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 34-39; IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention), (2002) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures: Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packaging Material in International Trade, , Publ. No. 15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy; IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention), (2013) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures: Revision of ISPM 15, , Regulation of Wood Packaging Material in International Trade (2009) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy; Kohda, J., Kawanishi, H., Suehara, K.I., Nakano, Y., Yano, T., Stabilization of free and immobilized enzymes using hyperthermophilic chaperonin (2006) Journal of Bioscience & Bioengineering, 101, pp. 131-136; Lambertz, G., Welling, J., Increase in the content of extractives in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) during ISPM-15 heat-treatment and correlation with fungal discoloration (2010) Proceedings of the COST E53 Meeting, Bled, Slovenia, 21-23 April 2009. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty: EDG Drying Seminar Improvement of Wood Drying Quality by Conventional and Advanced Drying Techniques, pp. 2025-2030; Lambertz, G., Welling, J., Changes in extractives of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) after ISPM 15 heat treatment and their effect on fungal discolouration (2010) Wood Material Science and Engineering, 5, pp. 67-72; Li, X., Ma, D., Biochemical characterization and identification of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Artemisia annua (2012) Plant Science, 193, pp. 85-95; Long, C.M., Mulinix, C.A., Iezzoni, A.F., Production of a microspore-derived callus population from sweet cherry (1994) Hortscience, 29, pp. 1346-1348; Luo, S., Li, J., Liu, X., Lu, Z., Pan, W., Zhang, Q., Zhao, Z., Effects of six sugars on the longevity, fecundity and nutrient reserves of Microplitis mediator (2010) Biological Control, 52, pp. 51-57; Luo, Z., Feng, S., Pang, J., Mao, L., Shou, H., Xie, J., Effect of heat treatment on lignification of postharvest bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox f. prevernalis) (2012) Food Chemistry, 135, pp. 2182-2187; MacKay, J., Presnell, T., Jameel, H., Taneda, H., O'Malley, D., Sederoff, R., Modified lignin and delignification with a CAD-deficient loblolly pine (1999) Holzforschung, 53, pp. 403-410; Manchenko, G.P., (2003) Handbook of Detection of Enzymes on Electrophoretic Gels, 2nd Edn., , CRC Press, Florida, USA; Mansell, R.L., Babbel, G.R., Zenk, M.H., Multiple forms and specificity of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase from cambial regions of higher plants (1976) Phytochemistry, 15, pp. 1849-1853; Marjamaa, K., Kukkola, E., Lundell, T., Karhunen, P., Saranpaa, P., Fagerstedt, K.V., Monolignol oxidation by xylem peroxidase isoforms of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and silver birch (Betula pendula) (2006) Tree Physiology, 26, pp. 605-611; Moeller, R., Koch, G., Nanayakkara, B., Schmitt, U., Lignification in cell cultures of Pinus radiata: Activities of enzymes and lignin topochemistry (2006) Tree Physiology, 26, pp. 201-210; Novoselov, M.A., Iline, I.I., Phillips, C.B., How fresh is that frass? (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, p. 376. , abstract only; Pandey, B., Pandey, V.P., Dwivedi, U.N., Cloning, expression, functional validation and modeling of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase isolated from xylem of Leucaena leucocephala (2011) Protein Expression & Purification, 79, pp. 197-203; Phillips, C.B., Iline, I.I., Richards, N.K., Novoselov, M.N., McNeill, M.R., Development and validation of a quick, easily used biochemical assay for evaluating the viability of small immobile arthropods (2013) Journal of Economic Entomology, 106, pp. 2006-2019; Phillips, C.B., Iline, I.I., Novoselov, M., Richards, N.K., Potential to exploit postmortem enzyme degradation for evaluating arthropod viability (2014) Applied Entomology and Zoology; Poland, T.M., McCullough, D.G., Emerald ash borer: Invasion of the urban forest and the threat to North America's ash resource (2006) Journal of Forestry, APRIL-MAY, pp. 118-124; (2012) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Ramos, P., Herrera, R., Anatomical changes of xylem cells in stem of Pinus radiata seedlings exposed to inclination and ethylene (2013) Biologia Plantarum, 57, pp. 525-530; Ryu, J.B., Na, C.S., Isozyme analysis with foliage of 4 pine species (1983) Research Report of the Forest Genetics Research Institute, 19, pp. 15-19; Sagisaka, S., Decrease of glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities in the xylem of Populus gelrica on budding (1972) Plant Physiology, 50, pp. 750-755; Samuels, A.L., Rensing, K.H., Douglas, C.J., Mansfield, S.D., Dharmawardhana, D.P., Ellis, B.E., Cellular machinery of wood production: Differentiation of secondary xylem in Pinus contorta var. latifolia (2002) Planta, 216, pp. 72-82; Saralde, T.C., Jr., Peralta, P.N., Peszlen, I., Kasal, B., Mechanical properties of lumber from partially CAD-deficient loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) (2008) Wood and Fiber Science, 40, pp. 657-662; Sauter, M., Kende, H., Levels of beta-glucan and lignin in elongating internodes of deepwater rice (1992) Plant & Cell Physiology, 33, pp. 1089-1097; Shain, L., Mackay, J.F.G., Seasonal fluctuation in respiration of aging xylem in relation to heartwood formation in Pinus radiata (1973) Canadian Journal of Botany, 51, pp. 737-741; Stasova, V.V., Antonova, G.F., Low-molecular carbohydrates of the developing xylem of Pinus sylvestris shoots (1989) Lesovedenie, 6, pp. 84-89; Wang, W., Sun, W., Wang, Y., Zu, Y.G., Hu, Y., Influences of sample preparation methods on determination of soluble sugars in trunk of Korean pine by HPLC method (2009) Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 37, pp. 76-78; Wickham, H., (2009) ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, , Springer, New York; Zahid, M.I., Grurinovic, C.A., Walsh, D.J., Quarantine risks associated with solid wood packaging material receiving ISPM15 treatments (2008) Australian Forestry, 71, pp. 287-293 M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2014 SP - 86-95 ST - Towards a test to verify that wood has been heat-treated to the ISPM15 standard T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Towards a test to verify that wood has been heat-treated to the ISPM15 standard UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907821302&partnerID=40&md5=314da9581a142bae258f57b1ec944445 VL - 67 ID - 179 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Identification of weed seeds from overseas countries can be problematic, particularly when diagnostic tools are lacking or incomplete. A well trained seed analyst will usually be able to identify seed to generic level but not always to the species level. Resources for identification of mature plants are usually more complete. Using a seed germination method for intercepted soil samples achieved two goals; it provided an easier route to identification and a measure of viable seed. The drawback of this method is the need to grow the plants through to flowering. DNA identification is an emerging method for more rapid identification, but it relies on availability of matching sequences in an existing database and validation of source plant identification with reliable voucher specimens. The limitations and advantages of both techniques are discussed, and ways in which timely and accurate identification can be provided for biosecurity practitioners are suggested. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - James, T. K. AU - Champion, P. D. AU - Dowsett, C. A. AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Houliston, G. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (2004) Seed Identification Handbook; Agriculture, Horticulture & Weeds, 94p. , NIAB Cambridge, United Kingdom; Anonymous, (2014) JSTOR Global Plants, , http://plants.jstor.org/taxon/Pycreus.nuerensis, accessed 11 March 2014; Anonymous, (2014) USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network, , http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40919, accessed 12 March 2014; Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schaffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., Lipman, D.J., Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs (1997) Nucleic Acids Reviews, 25, pp. 3389-3402; Alvarez, I., Wendel, J.F., Ribosomal ITS sequences and plant phylogenetic inference (2003) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 29, pp. 417-434; El-Sayed, A.M., (2014) The Pherobase: Database of Pheromones and Semiochemicals, , http://www.pherobase.com, accessed 1 March 2014; Jakob, S.S., Blattner, F.R., A chloroplast genealogy of Hordeum (Poaceae): Long-term persisting haplotypes, incomplete lineage sorting, regional extinction, and the consequences for phylogenetic inference (2006) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23, pp. 1602-1612; James, T.K., Champion, P., Bullians, M., Rahman, A., Weed biosecurity breech through coco peat imports (2011) Proceedings of the 23rdAsian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 210-216; James, T., Popay, I., Champion, P., Grbavac, N., Rhode, B., (2013) An Illustrated Guide to Weed Seeds of New Zealand, 126p. , New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand; Jessop, J., Dashorst, G.R.M., James, F.M., (2006) Grasses of South Australia: An Illustrated Guide to the Native and Naturalised Species, 554p. , Wakefield Press, Kent Town, South Australia; Kress, J., Erickson, D.L., A two-locus global DNA barcode for land plants: The coding rbcL gene complements the non-coding trnH-psbA spacer region (2007) PLoS One, 6, pp. 1-10; Levin, R.A., Wagner, W.L., Hoch, P.C., Nepokroeff, M., Pires, J.C., Zimmer, E.A., Sytsma, K.J., Family-level relationships of Onagraceae based on chloroplast rbcL and ndhF data (2003) American Journal of Botany, 90, pp. 107-115; Martin, A.C., Barkley, W.D., (2000) Seed Identification Manual, 221p. , The Blackburn Press, Caldwell (New Jersey), USA; McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Young, S., Shah, F., Alders, L., Bell, N., Gerard, E., Littlejohn, R., Transportation of nonindigenous species via soil on international aircraft passengers' footwear (2011) Biological Invasions, 13, pp. 2799-2815; MPI, (2011) Import Health Standard BNZ-GCFP-PHR Importation of Grains/Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing Plant Health Requirements, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/ihs/bnz-gcfp-phr.pdf, accessed 10 March 2014; MPI, (2013) Import Health Standard: 155.02.05 Importation of Seeds for Sowing, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/ihs/155-02-05.pdf, accessed 10 March 2014; Musil, F.M., (1963) Identification of Crop and Weed Seeds, 216p. , US Department of Agriculture, Washington D.C., USA; Olmstead, R.G., Sweere, J.A., Combining data in phylogenetic systematics: An empirical approach using three molecular datasets in the Solanaceae (1994) Systematic Biology, 43, pp. 467-481; Phillips, C., Vink, C., New methods for evaluating organisms' potential to establish in New Zealand (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection Symposium on Risk Analysis for Imports and Exports, , http://www.nzpps.org/symposia/2013_Risk_symposium.pdf, abstract only (accessed 1 March 2014); Rahman, A., James, T.K., Popay, A.I., Assessing the risks of weed seeds on horticultural imports (2005) Proceedings of the 20 Th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 115-120; Sang, T., Crawford, D.J., Stuessy, T.F., Chloroplast DNA phylogeny, reticulate evolution, and biogeography of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) (1997) American Journal of Botany, 84, pp. 1120-1136; Taberlet, P., Gielly, L., Patou, G., Bouvet, J., Universal primers for amplification of three noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA (1991) Plant Molecular Biology, 17, pp. 1105-1109; Thiselton-Dyer, W.T., Pontederiaceae to Cyperaceae (1902) Flora of Tropical Africa, 8, p. 367. , L. Reeve & Co., The Oast House, Brook, Ashford, Kent; Whistler, W.A., (1995) Wayside Plants of the Islands: A Guide to the Lowland Flora of the Pacific Islands Hawai'i, Samoa, Tonga, Tahiti, Fiji, Guam, Belau, 202p. , Isle Botanica, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T., Taylor, J.W., Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics (1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, 18, pp. 315-322; Wright, S.D., Yong, C.G., Wichman, S.R., Dawson, J.W., Gardner, R.C., Stepping stones to Hawaii: A trans-equatorial dispersal pathway for Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) inferred from nrDNA (ITS plus ETS) (2001) Journal of Biogeography, 28, pp. 769-774 PY - 2014 SP - 26-33 ST - Identification of weed seeds in soil samples intercepted at the New Zealand border T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Identification of weed seeds in soil samples intercepted at the New Zealand border UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907810302&partnerID=40&md5=8f527a29caa340618b4b91ea04021e2e VL - 67 ID - 171 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The causal agent of kauri dieback, Phytophthora 'taxon Agathis' (PTA), poses a significant threat to kauri (Agathis australis) in northern New Zealand. Ground-based field surveys have previously confirmed PTA presence at several locations across Auckland and Northland. However, ground surveys are limited to areas adjacent to tracks because of difficulty and cost associated with off-track access in steep terrain, along with concern about furthering spread of PTA. A methodology for aerial photographic surveillance of kauri dieback was developed and implemented in Waita¯kere Ranges, Hunua Ranges and adjacent forest areas. Using recently developed GPS technology, photographs were embedded with position data so unhealthy trees were easily located later for ground-truthing. Aerial survey was found to be a time- and cost-effective method for surveying large, inaccessible areas of forest for kauri dieback. The methodology would also be applicable for detection of visible disease or damage symptoms in other canopy tree species. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, A. AU - Bassett, I. E. AU - Hill, L. M. W. AU - Hill, S. AU - Davis, A. AU - Waipara, N. W. AU - Hough, E. G. AU - Horner, I. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beauchamp, A.J., Surveillance 2 sample and site detection probabilities (2013) Department of Conservation, Northland Conservancy Report DOCDM-1188756, 15p. , Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Beever, R.E., Waipara, N.W., Ramsfield, T.D., Dick, M.A., Horner, I.J., Kauri (Agathis australis) under threat from Phytophthora? (2009) Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems, pp. 74-85. , Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) working party. 26-31 August 2007. Monterey, California, USA; Beever, R.E., Bellgard, S.E., Dick, M.A., Horner, I.J., Ramsfield, T.D., Detection of Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA) (2010) Landcare Research Contract Report LC0910/137, 78p. , Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Ecroyd, C.E., Biological flora of New Zealand 8. Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl. (Araucariaceae), Kauri (1982) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 20, pp. 17-36; Fletcher, R.S., Skaria, M., Escobar, D.E., Everitt, J.H., Field spectra and airborne digital imagery for detecting Phytophthora foot rot infections in citrus trees (2001) HortScience, 36, pp. 94-97; Gadgil, P.D., Phytothphora heveae, a pathogen of kauri (1974) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 4, pp. 59-63; Martins, L., Castro, J., Macedo, W., Marques, C., Abreu, C., Assessment of the spread of Chestnut ink disease using remote sensing and geostatistical methods (2007) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 119, pp. 159-164; Waipara, N.W., Hill, S., Hill, L.M.W., Hough, E.G., Horner, I.J., Surveillance methods to determine tree health, distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 235-241; Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Grills, D., Nelson, T., Coops, N.C., Ebata, T., Aerial overview survey of the mountain pine beetle epidemic in British Columbia: Communication of impacts (2009) BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management, 10, pp. 45-58; Wyse, S., Growth responses of five forest plant species to the soils formed beneath New Zealand Kauri (Agathis australis) (2012) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 50, pp. 411-421; Wyse, S.V., Burns, B.R., Wright, S.D., Distinctive vegetation communities are associated with the long-lived conifer Agathis australis (New Zealand Kauri, Araucariaceae) in New Zealand rainforests (2013) Austral Ecology PY - 2014 SP - 60-65 ST - Aerial surveillance to detect kauri dieback in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Aerial surveillance to detect kauri dieback in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907860190&partnerID=40&md5=7a169630af287557fb025d9bd715586d VL - 67 ID - 161 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mealybugs, scale insects, thrips and apple leafcurling midge (ALCM) on packed New Zealand apples are a concern for export markets, and there is interest in 'soft'technologies to remove insects in postharvest treatments. Ethyl formate (EF) is a Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS) plant volatile compound, which was used in trials to reduce pest incidence on apples to acceptable rates for export markets. A treatment of 0.3% EF (+CO2) for 1 h controlled 99% of onion thrips and latania scale, and 0.81% EF (+CO2) for 1 h controlled obscure mealybug. Treatment concentrations and times required to control ALCM (4.94% EF for 4 h) was beyond the apple quality tolerance level. Further research is required to determine apple quality tolerance levels, other market access pest EF concentration mortality responses, sorption rates of different apple cultivars and effect of temperature on pest mortality and fruit responses. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (1993) Code of Federal Regulations, Food and Drugs, pp. 170-199. , Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration, Washingon DC, USA; Chhagan, A., Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Zulhendri, F., Feng, R., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 63-74; Cleveland, W.S., Grosse, E., Shyu, W.M., Local regression models (1992) Statistical Models in S, pp. 309-376. , Chapter 8. Chambers JM, Hastie TJ ed. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, CA, USA; De Lima, C., (2009) Fumigation of Table Grapes Using Ethyl Formate + Carbon Dioxide As a Quarantine Treatment, 53p. , Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia; De Lima, C., (2010) Fumigation Trials of Citrus Using Ethyl Formate + Carbon Dioxide As a Quaranitine Treatment, 34p. , Department of Agiculture and Food, Western Australia; Dobson, A.J., (1990) An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models, , Chapman and Hall, London, UK; Griffin, M.J., Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Davis, V.A., Zulhendri, F., Connolly, P.G., The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 54-62; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P.G., Poulton, J., Kean, A.M., The potential of using low oxygen and ethyl formate or ethyl acetate to disinfest fresh fruit in storage (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 45-53; MPI, (2013) New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2013, , http://www.foodsafety.govt.nz/elibrary/industry/mrl-agricultural-compounds-amdt-2013.pdf, accessed 15 April 2014; Preisler, H.K., Robertson, J.L., Analysis of time-dose-mortality data (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1534-1542; Pupin, F., Bikoba, V., Biasi, W.B., Pedroso, G.M., Ouyang, Y., Grafton-Cardwell, E.E., Mitcham, E.J., Postharvest control of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and California red scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with ethyl formate and its impact on citrus fruit quality (2013) Journal of Economic Entomology, 106 (6), pp. 2341-2348; (2013) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Mitcham, E.J., Effects of ethyl formate on fruit quality and target pest mortality for harvested strawberries (2004) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 34 (3), pp. 313-319; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E.J., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (4), pp. 1084-1090; (2006) GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Database, , http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedas-SafeGRAS/GRASSubstancesSCOGSDatabase/default.htm, accessed 20 April 2013; (2011) Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS), , http://www.fda.gov/food/foodingredientspackaging/ucm115326.htm, accessed 20 April 2013; Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Hedderley, D.I., Somerfield, K.G., Brash, D.W., Efficacy of ethyl formate and ethyl acetate for the control of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (2007) Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35, pp. 267-274 PY - 2014 SP - 96-102 ST - Developing ethyl formate treatment for disinfesting pipfruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Developing ethyl formate treatment for disinfesting pipfruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907841556&partnerID=40&md5=04044020639dc6636618c08472b361ce VL - 67 ID - 150 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bacillus velezensis was prepared as a suspension concentrate (SC) and sprayed on to the roots of 1-month-old Lactuca sativa, grown in a hydroponic system. In the first experiment using Lactuca sativa (var. Red Coral) with root rot symptoms, a 1% blank with no cells, a 1% SC (1013CFU/ml) and 1% fresh bacterial cells (FC) (1014CFU/ml) reduced the percentage of root tips colonized by the pathogen and increased the fresh shoot weight compared to plants that were not sprayed. In the second experiment with L. sativa (var. Green Oak) using healthy-looking roots, a 1% blank, 10% SC (1013CFU/ml) and 1% FC of the bacterium (1014CFU/ml) reduced the percentage of root tips colonized by Pythium sp. The SC and FC of the bacterium increased the fresh shoot weight, while the blank, the SC and the FC of the bacterium increased the dried weight of the shoot. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Kanjanamaneesathian, M. AU - Wiwattanapatapee, R. AU - Rotniam, W. AU - Wongpetkhiew, W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abd El-Azeem, S.A.M., Mehana, T.A., Shabayek, A.A., Some plant growth promoting traits of rhizobacteria isolated from Suez Canal region, Egypt (2007) Proceedings of the African Crop Science Conference, pp. 1517-1525; Antoniazzi, N., Deschamps, C., Bach, E.E., Effect of xanthan gum and allicin as elicitors against Bipolaris sorokiniana on barley in field experiments (2008) Journal of Plant Disease and Protection, 3, pp. 104-107; Balanza, V., Martinez, J.A., Conesa, E., Egea-Gilabert, C., Niñirola, D., López-Marín, J., González, A., Fernández, J.A., Effect of PGPR application and nitrogen doses on baby leaf lettuce grown in a floating system (2011) International Symposium on Advanced Technologies and Management Towards Sustainable Greenhouse Ecosystems: Greensys 2011, , http://www.actahort.org/books/952/952_86.htm, (abstract only). (accessed 15 May 2014); Cook, R.J., Baker, K.F., (1983) The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens, 589p. , American Phytopathological Society, St.Paul MN; De Jonghe, K., De Dobbelaere, I., Sarrazyn, R., Höfte, M., Control of Phytophthora cryptogea in the hydroponic forcing of witloof chicory with the rhamnolipid-based biosurfactant formulation PRO1 (2005) Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 219-226; García-Ochoa, F., Santos, V.E., Casas, J.A., Gómez, E., Xanthan gum: Production, recovery, and properties (2000) Biotechnology Advances, 18, pp. 549-579; Grosch, R., Junge, H., Krebs, B., Bochow, H., Use of Bacillus subtilis as a biocontrol agent. III. Influence of Bacillus subtilis on fungal root diseases and on yield in soilless culture (1999) Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 106, pp. 568-580; Intana, W., (2003) Selection and Development of Trichoderma spp. For High Glucanase, Antifungal Metabolites Producing and Plant Growth Promoting Isolates for Biological Control of Cucumber Damping-off Caused by Pythium spp. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation (Plant Pathology), 202p. , Kasetsart University, Thailand; Kanghae, P., (2010) Effect of Ammonium on Root Rot Disease of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Caused by Pythium spp. in Hydroponic System, 75p. , Master of Science thesis (Soil Resource Management). Prince of Songkla University, Thailand; Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Pengnoo, A., Rotniam, W., Kanghae, P., Sawangsri, P., Potential of Bacillus spp. for controlling root rot disease caused by Pythium helicoides in vegetables produced in hydroponic condition (2010) Proceedings of the 5thThai Mycological Conference, p. 80. , abstract only; Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Pengnoo, A., Rotniam, W., Wongpetkhiew, W., Tamala, V., Application of a suspension concentrate formulation of Bacillus velezensis to control root rot of hydroponically-grown vegetables (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 229-234; Khalil, S., Alsanlus, B.W., Evaluation of biocontrol agents for managing root diseases on hydroponically grown tomato (2010) Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 117, pp. 214-219; Liu, W., Sutton, J.C., Grodzinski, B., Kloepper, J.W., Reddy, M.S., Biological control of Pythium root rot of Chrysanthemum in small-scale hydroponic units (2007) Phytoparasitica, 35, pp. 159-178; Ogai, R., Fukuoka, M., Suda, W., Usami, T., Amemiya, Y., Suppressive effect of microbial suspension prepared from compost-amended soil on bacterial wilt disease of tomato in a hydroponic system (2009) HortResearch, 63, pp. 19-26; Rankin, L., Paulitz, T.C., Evaluation of rhizosphere bacteria for biological control of Pythium root rot of greenhouse cucumbers in hydroponic culture (1994) Journal of Plant Disease, 78, pp. 447-451; Schisler, D.A., Slininger, P.J., Behle, R.W., Jackson, M.A., Formulation of Bacillus spp. For biological control of plant diseases (2004) Phytopathology, 94, pp. 1267-1271; Zhao, Z.H., Kusakari, S.I., Okada, K., Miyazaki, A., Osaka, T., Control of Pythium root rot on hydroponically grown cucumbers with silver-coated cloth (2000) Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 64, pp. 1515-1518; Zuberer, D.A., Recovery and enumeration of viable bacteria (1994) Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2, Microbiological and Biochemical Properties, Number 5 in Soil Science Society of America Book Series, pp. 119-143. , Weaver RW, Angle S, Bottomley P, Bezdicek D, Smith S, Tabatabai A, Wollum, A ed. Soil Science Society of America Inc., Wisconsin PY - 2014 SP - 213-219 ST - Spraying hydroponic lettuce roots with a suspension concentrate formulation of Bacillus velezensis to suppress root rot disease and promote plant growth T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Spraying hydroponic lettuce roots with a suspension concentrate formulation of Bacillus velezensis to suppress root rot disease and promote plant growth UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907859175&partnerID=40&md5=7337b18c8cb33d19a687ca4852d4b568 VL - 67 ID - 156 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila), an invasive annual grass weed in North America, Africa, Australia and New Zealand, has become a problem on dairy farms in the upper North Island. To define its potential distribution in New Zealand, an eco-climatic model was constructed using CLIMEX. The model was parameterised using the known distribution of the species in its native range in Eurasia and validated against its invaded range in North America. The model predicted all known occurrences in New Zealand and revealed extensive tracts of land in both the North and South Islands that are currently climatically suitable yet, according to current records, unoccupied by the weed. Under climate change, this potential distribution increases substantially. These results imply that yellow bristle grass could become a much wider problem on dairy farms throughout New Zealand and that management to limit its spread is justified. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lamoureaux, S. L. AU - Bourdôt, G. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allan, H.H., A Handbook of the naturalised flora of New Zealand (1940) DSIR Research Bulletin, 83; Dekker, J.H., The foxtail (Setaria) species-group (2003) Weed Science, 51, pp. 641-656; (2011), www.GBIF.org, accessed 2 February 2011; IPCC, (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 996p. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; James, T.K., Tozer, K.N., Rahman, A., Yellow bristle grass: A recent weed incursion in Waikato dairy pastures (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association, 71, pp. 39-42; Kriticos, D.J., Webber, B.L., Leriche, A., Ota, N., Macadam, I., Bathols, J., Scott, J.K., CliMond: Global high-resolution historical and future scenario climate surfaces for bioclimatic modelling (2012) Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, pp. 53-64; Sutherst, R.W., Maywald, G.F., Kriticos, D.J., (2007) CLIMEX Version 3: User's Guide, 131p. , Hearne Scientific Software Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., James, T.K., Changes in yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) incidence in Waikato dairy pastures over 4 years (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 54-58; Wang, R.-L., Wendel, J.F., Dekker, J.H., Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp. II. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in S. glauca, S. geniculata, and S. faverii (Poaceae) (1995) American Journal of Botany, 82, pp. 1031-1039 PY - 2014 SP - 226-230 ST - The potential distribution of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The potential distribution of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907854728&partnerID=40&md5=abc34975cc4d05278d89fe5316e3097b VL - 67 ID - 146 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Feeding by leafroller larvae damages grape bunches and makes them susceptible to Botrytis cinerea disease. Leafroller infestation of foliage and bunches and the incidence of botrytis was measured on vineyards in Gisborne, Hawke's Bay and Marlborough over 2 years. Forty-four blocks received no leafroller-active insecticides while 22 were sprayed once pre-flowering with the selective insect growth regulator, tebufenozide. Tebufenozide very effectively reduced infestations and gave season-long control. On leaves, untreated blocks averaged 14 leafrollers/search compared with 4 on sprayed blocks. Comparative figures for fruit at harvest were 18/100 bunches and 3/100, respectively. There was a trend for lower botrytis incidence in blocks where tebufenozide was used. Over 99% of the leafrollers reared were Epiphyas postvittana. Parasitism of larvae and pupae at 67% on leaves and 50% in bunches, was similar in untreated and treated blocks. Epiphyas postvittana in vineyards is easily managed using tebufenozide, which did not compromise biological control. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Newman, I. C. AU - Cole, L. M. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Burnip, G. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, P.T., Ferguson, K.L., McMahon, R., Wicks, T.J., Transmission of Botrytis cinerea by lightbrown apple moth larvae on grapes (1997) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 3, pp. 90-94; Baker, G.J., Bailey, P.T., Charles, J.G., Leaf and fruit pests: Lightbrown apple moth (1994) Grape Production Series, (1), pp. 47-50. , Nicholas PR, Magarey PA, Wachtel MF ed. Diseases and Pests. Winetitles, Adelaide, Australia; Brookbanks, P.A., Control of leafrollers in avocados (1998) Proceedings of the 51stNew Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 179-183; Brown, J.J., The compatibility of tebufenozide with a laboratory lepidopteran host/hymenopteran parasitoid population (1996) Biological Control, 6, pp. 96-104; Buchanan, G.A., The seasonal abundance and control of lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), on grapevines in Victoria (1977) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 28, pp. 125-132; Lo, P.L., Murrell, V.C., Time of leafroller infestation and effect on yields in grapes (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 173-178; Lo, P.L., Walker, J.T.S., Monitoring leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in vineyards (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 317-322; McCravy, K.W., Dalusky, M.J., Berisford, C.W., Effects of a broad spectrum and biorational insecticides on parasitoids of the Nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2001) Journal of Economic Entomology, 94, pp. 112-115; Tomkins, A.R., Thomson, C., Wilson, D.J., Effect of tebufenozide on Encarsia citrina, an armoured scale parasitoid (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 139-142; Varela, L.G., Walker, J.T.S., Lo, P.L., Rogers, D.J., New Zealand lessons may aid efforts to control light brown apple moth in California (2010) California Agriculture, 64, pp. 6-12; Walker, J.T.S., Baynon, G.T., White, V., Insect control on apples with RH-5992 a novel insect growth regulator (1991) Proceedings of the 44thNew Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 66-69; Wearing, C.H., Thomas, W.P., Dugdale, J.S., Danthanarayana, W., Totricid pests of pome and stone fruits, Australian and New Zealand species (1991) Totricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. World Crop Pests, 5, pp. 453-472. , van der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH ed. Amsterdam, Elsevier; Wing, K.W., Slawecki, R.A., Carlson, G.R., RH 5849, a nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist: Effects on larval Lepidoptera (1988) Science, 241, pp. 470-472 PY - 2014 SP - 168-174 ST - Control of Epiphyas postvittana (lightbrown apple moth, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on grapevines with tebufenozide T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of Epiphyas postvittana (lightbrown apple moth, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on grapevines with tebufenozide UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907811521&partnerID=40&md5=81d9c62b8aa38e72cb040896430c852a VL - 67 ID - 182 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Karnal or partial bunt, caused by the smut fungus Tilletia indica is a disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum and T. durum) and triticale (x Triticosecale). It is listed as a quarantine pest in a large number of countries, including New Zealand. Strict phytosanitary measures are in place in New Zealand and offshore to prevent T. indica from entering the country. However, they may not be strict enough to prevent undetected contamination of grain or other traded goods via potential entry pathways. This study used climatic indices generated by two meteorological models to indicate that climatic conditions in wheat-growing regions of New Zealand are suitable for the establishment of T. indica. Establishment of T. indica on wheat may have a significant effect on grain quality and restrict trade of grain or grain products. The exclusion of the pathogen through improved border measures is the most cost-effective way to minimise the likelihood of T. indica introduction. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Marroni, M. V. AU - Brown, H. AU - Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bonde, M.R., Peterson, G.L., Schaad, N.W., Smilanick, J.L., Karnal bunt of wheat (1997) Plant Disease, 81, pp. 1370-1377; Brown, H., Munro, C., Huth, N., Meenken, E., Using a crop model to characterise the developmental phenotype of different wheat varieties (2012) Sage, 11, p. 5; Chahal, S., Mathur, S., Germination of deepfrozen Tilletia indica and Tilletia barclayana teliospores (1992) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 40, pp. 31-35; (2014) NIWA's National Climate Database on the Web, , http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/, accessed 15 April 2013; Crous, P.W., Jaarsveld, A.B., Castlebury, L.A., Carris, L.M., Frederick, R.D., Pretorius, Z.A., Karnal bunt of wheat newly reported from the African continent (2001) Plant Disease, 85, pp. 561-561; Da Luz, W.C., Mendes, M.A.S., Ferreira, M.A.S.V., Urben, A.F., Tilletia indica on wheat in the southern part of Rio Grande do Sul and means for its eradication (1993) Fitopatologia Brasileira, 18, p. 323; EFSA, Scientific opinion on a quantitative pathway analysis of the likelihood of Tilletia indica M. introduction into EU with importation of US wheat (2010) EFSA Journal, 8 (6), p. 1621; (2014) PQR-EPPO Database on Quarantine Pests, , http://www.eppo.int, accessed 15 April 2014; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2014) FAOSTAT (Database), , http://faostat3.fao.org/faostatgateway/go/to/download/T/∗/E, (Latest update: 07 Mar 2014). (accessed 15 April 2014); Forster, R.L., Goates, B.J., (1997) Karnal Bunt, , http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS1067.pdf, accessed 28 April 2014; Jhorar, O.P., Mavi, H.S., Sharma, I., Mahi, G.S., Mathauda, S.S., Gurmeet, S., A biometeorological model for forecasting Karnal bunt disease of wheat (1992) Plant Disease Research, 7, pp. 204-209; Joshi, L., Singh, D., Srivastava, K., Wilcoxson, R., Karnal bunt: A minor disease that is now a threat to wheat (1983) The Botanical Review, 49, pp. 309-330; Keating, B.A., Carberry, P.S., Hammer, G.L., Probert, M.E., Robertson, M.J., Holzworth, D., Huth, N.I., Hochman, Z., An overview of APSIM, a model designed for farming systems simulation (2003) European Journal of Agronomy, 18, pp. 267-288; Kriticos, D.J., Leriche, A., The current and future potential distribution of guava rust, Puccinia psidii in New Zealand (2008) MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Technical Paper (2009/28), , Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand; MAF, (2011) Standard BNZ-GCFP-PHR: Importation of Grains/Seeds for Consumption, Feed or Processing, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/ihs/bnz-gcfp-phr.pdf, 23 June 2011. (accessed 15 April 2014); Ministry for Primary Industries, (2014) Import Health Standard 155.02.05: Importation of Seed for Sowing, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/ihs/155-02-05.pdf, accessed 15 April 2014; Mitra, M., A new bunt of wheat in India (1931) Annals of Applied Biology, 18, pp. 178-179; Murray, G.M., Brenan, J.P., The risk to Australia from Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat (1998) Australasian Plant Pathology, 27, pp. 212-225; Murray, G., Sansford, C., How Tilletia indica overcomes the Allee effect (2005) Proceedings of the 15th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference, p. 256; Nagarajan, S., Aujla, S.S., Nanda, G.S., Sharma, I., Goel, L.B., Kumar, J., Singh, D.V., Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) of wheat - A review (1997) Review of Plant Pathology, 76, pp. 1207-1214; Naude, K., Karnal bunt in the South African wheat industry. Items from South Africa Small Grain Institute (2002) Annual Wheat Newsletter, 49, p. 137; Pethybridge, S.J., Nelson, M.E., Wilson, C.R., Forecasting climate suitability of Australian hop-growing regions for establishment of hop powdery and downy mildews (2003) Australasian Plant Pathology, 32 (4), pp. 493-497; Riccioni, L., Inman, A., Magnus, H.A., Susceptibility of European bread and durum wheat cultivars to Tilletia indica (2008) Plant Pathology, 57, pp. 612-622; Rush, C.M., Stein, J.M., Bowden, R.L., Riemenschneider, R., Boratynski, T., Royer, M.H., Status of Karnal bunt of wheat in the United States 1996 to 2004 (2005) Plant Disease, 89, pp. 212-223; Sansford, C., Baker, R., Brennan, J., Ewert, F., Gioli, B., Inman, A., Kelly, P., Magnus, H., (2006) Pest Risk Analysis for Tilletia Indica for the European Union, , http://karnalpublic.pestrisk.net/, EU Karnal Bunt Risks Project. Deliverable Report 6.1 and 6.5. (accessed 15 May 2014); Sansford, C.E., Baker, R.H.A., Brennan, J.P., Ewert, F., Gioli, B., Inman, A., Kinsella, A., Thorne, F., The new Pest Risk Analysis for Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat, continues to support the quarantine status of the pathogen in Europe (2008) Plant Pathology, 57, pp. 603-611; Sharma, I., Nanda, G.S., Singh, H., Sharma, R.C., Status of karnal bunt disease of wheat in Punjab (1994-2004) (2004) Indian Phytopathology, 57, pp. 435-439; Singh, D., Joshi, L., Srivastava, K., Karnal bunt, new threats to wheat in India (1983) Recent Advances in Plant Pathology, pp. 121-135. , Hussain A, Singh K, Singh BP, Agnihotri VP ed. Print House, Lucknow, India; Stansbury, C.D., Pretorius, Z.A., Modelling the potential distribution of Karnal bunt of wheat in South Africa (2001) South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 18, pp. 159-168; Stansbury, C.D., McKirdy, S.J., Diggle, A.J., Riley, I.T., Modeling the risk of entry, establishment, spread, containment, and economic impact of Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat, using an Australian context (2002) Phytopathology, 92, pp. 321-331; Grain and seed crops by region (2014) Agricultural Production Statistics, , www.stats.govt.nz, accessed 15 April 2014; Stephenson, B., Gill, G., Randall, J., Wilson, J., Biosecurity approaches to surveillance and response for new plant pest species (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 5-9; (2007) Karnal Bunt Manual, , http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/domestic/downloads/kb.pdf, accessed 28 April 2014; Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Deng, Y., Marroni, M.V., Cheah, L.-H., The potential occurrence of Puccinia asparagi in New Zealand (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 137-140; Warham, E.J., Karnal bunt disease of wheat - A literature review (1986) Tropical Pest Management, 32, pp. 229-242; Ykema, R.E., Palm, M.E., Peterson, G.L., First report of karnal bunt of wheat in the United States (1996) Plant Disease, 80, pp. 1207-1207; Zadoks, J.C., Chang, T.T., Konzak, C.F., A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals (1974) Weed Research, 14, pp. 415-421 PY - 2014 SP - 18-25 ST - Potential for entry and establishment in New Zealand of Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Potential for entry and establishment in New Zealand of Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907846669&partnerID=40&md5=791b86a539454d50a084a083b866d5b4 VL - 67 ID - 148 ER - TY - JOUR AB - White clover (Trifolium repens) crops are attacked by various insect pests including Sitona obsoletus (=S. lepidus) (CRW). Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure the toxicity of eight agrichemicals used against white clover insect pests or for weed control on CRW (parasitised and non-parasitised) and adults of its parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides. Laboratory experiments evaluated insect toxicity through direct contact with the agrichemical spray or via exposure to residues on clover foliage. At field rates, pymetrozine had the lowest impact on CRW biocontrol but had poor activity against non-parasitised CRW. Taufluvalinate provided 60% control of CRW, while having reduced impact on M. aethiopoides adults (0-60% mortality), and was considered the best option in the field over the summer period. Lambda-cyhalothrin and diazinon were the most detrimental to CRW and its biocontrol agent when applied directly and through exposure to residues. Diquat and an adjuvant caused some mortality to CRW and parasitoid. Field studies are needed to corroborate these results. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Eden, T. M. AU - Cave, V. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ascerno, M.E., Smilowitz, Z., Hower, A.A., Jr., Effects of the insect growth regulator Hydroprene on diapausing Microctonus aethiopoides a parasite of the alfalfa weevil (1980) Environmental Entomology, 9, pp. 262-264; Addison, P.J., Barker, G.M., Effect of various pesticides on the non-target species Microctonus hyperodae, a biological control agent of Listronotus bonariensis (2006) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 119, pp. 71-79; Caradus, J.R., Woodfield, D.R., Stewart, A.V., Overview and vision for white clover (1995) Grassland Research and Practice Series, 6, pp. 1-6. , Agronomy Society of New Zealand special publication No. 11; Dumbre, R.B., Hower, A.A., Jr., Sublethal effects of insecticides on the alfalfa weevil parasites Microctonus aethiopoides (1976) Environmental Entomology, 5, pp. 683-687; Dumbre, R.B., Hower, A.A., Contact mortality of the alfalfa weevil parasite Microctonus aethiopoides from insecticide residues on alfalfa (1977) Environmental Entomology, 6, pp. 893-894; Ferguson, C.M., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Hardwick, S., Barton, D.M., Kean, J.M., Status of clover root weevil and its biocontrol agent in the South Island after six years (2012) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 74, pp. 171-176; Frampton, E.R., Kerse, G.W., Goldson, S.L., The effect of diflubenzuron on sitona weevil and its parasitoid, Microctonus aethiopoides (1987) Proceedings of the 40th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 216-218; Gerard, P.J., Hackell, D.L., Bell, N.L., Impact of clover root weevil Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae on herbage yield and species composition in a ryegrass-white clover sward (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 381-392; Löbl, I., Smetana, A., Curculionoidea II (2013) Catalogue of Palaerctic Coleoptera, 8, 700p. , Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands; McNeill, M.R., Chapman, R.B., The toxicities of chlorpyrifos and fenitrothion to Microctonus aethiopoides and Sitona discoideus (1989) Proceedings of the 42nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 76-80; McNeill, M.R., Hunt, L.M., Chapman, R.B., Field application and residue effects of chlorpyrifos on Sitona discoideus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults and implications for biological control by Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1996) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86, pp. 559-566; McNeill, M., Lee, S., Pellow, R., Moir, J., Maintaining milk production in the presence of clover root weevil on an intensive pasture based dairy system in Canterbury, New Zealand (2012) Proceedings of the Fifth Australasian Dairy Science Symposium, pp. 195-196; Phillips, C.B., McNeill, M.R., Hardwick, S., Ferguson, C.M., Kean, J.M., South Island distributions of clover root weevil and its biocontrol agent (2010) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association, 72, pp. 227-231; Phillips, C.B., McNeill, M.R., Hardwick, S., Vink, C.J., Kean, J.M., Bewsell, D., Ferguson, C.M., Stuart, B., Clover root weevil in the South Island: Detection, response and current distribution (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 209-216; Stark, J.D., Vargas, R., Banks, J.E., Incorporating ecologically relevant measures of pesticide effect for estimating the compatibility of pesticides and biocontrol agents (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 1027-1032; Williams, L., III, Price, L.D., Manrique, V., Toxicity of field-weathered insecticide residues to Anaphes iole (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae), and implications for inundative biological control in cotton (2003) Biological Control, 26, pp. 217-223 PY - 2014 SP - 256-266 ST - Toxicity of selected agrichemicals to clover root weevil and its parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Toxicity of selected agrichemicals to clover root weevil and its parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907810871&partnerID=40&md5=6d615bdb56d74abd6299b3b2c2733a49 VL - 67 ID - 158 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bacterial endosymbionts are common among arthropods including many important pest and beneficial insect species. These symbionts provide either an obligate function, performing essential reproductive or nutritive roles, or are facultative, influencing the ecology and evolution of their hosts in ways that are likely to impact biological control. This includes resistance against parasitoids and modification to parasitoid fecundity. Recent research has shown that endosymbionts are associated with exotic weevil pests found in New Zealand pasture, including the clover root weevil, Sitona obsoletus (=S. lepidus). The role of endosymbionts in insect biology and impacts on biological control is reviewed. For New Zealand plant protection scientists, endosymbiont research capability will provide important insights into interactions among insect pests, plant hosts and biological control agents, which may provide management opportunities for existing and future pest incursions in New Zealand. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Richards, N. K. AU - White, J. A. AU - Laugraud, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barratt, B.I.P., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential clover pest new to New Zealand (1996) New Zealand Entomologist, 19, pp. 23-30; Barratt, B.I.P., Evans, A.A., Ferguson, C.M., Potential for biocontrol of Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal by Microctonus spp (1997) Proceedings of the 50thNew Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 37-40; Barratt, B.I.P., Evans, A.A., Ferguson, C.M., Barker, G.M., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Laboratory non-target host range of the introduced parasitoids Microctonus aethiopoides and Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) compared with field parasitism in New Zealand (1997) Environmental Entomology, 26, pp. 694-702; Baumann, P., Biology of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects (2005) Annual Review of Microbiology, 59, pp. 155-189; Buchner, P., (1965) Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms, 909p. , Interscience, New York; Caspi-Fluger, A., Inbar, M., Mozes-Daube, N., Katzir, N., Portnoy, V., Belausov, E., Hunter, M.S., Zchori-Fein, E., Horizontal transmission of the insect symbiont Rickettsia is plantmediated (2012) Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279, pp. 1791-1796; Casteel, C.L., Hansen, A.K., Walling, L.L., Paine, T.D., Manipulation of plant defense responses by the tomato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) and its associated endosymbiont Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (4), p. e35191; Chiel, E., Zchori-Fein, E., Inbar, M., Gottlieb, Y., Adachi-Hagimori, T., Kelly, S.E., Asplen, M.K., Hunter, M.S., Almost there: Transmission routes of bacterial symbionts between trophic levels (2009) PLoSONE, 4, p. e4767; Degnan, P.H., Moran, N.A., Evolutionary genetics of a defensive facultative symbiont of insects: Exchange of toxin-encoding bacteriophage (2008) Molecular Ecology, 17, pp. 916-929; Dhami, M.K., Turner, A.P., Deines, P., Beggs, J.R., Taylor, M.W., Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of a bacterial symbiosis in the ecologically important scale insect family Coelostomidiidae (2012) FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 81, pp. 537-546; Douglas, A.E., Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: Aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera (1998) Annual Review of Entomology, 43, pp. 17-37; Douglas, A.E., Symbiotic microorganisms: Untapped resources for insect pest control (2007) Trends in Biotechnology, 25, pp. 338-342; Duron, O., Bouchon, D., Boutin, S., Bellamy, L., Zhou, L., Engelstadter, J., Hurst, G.D.D., The diversity of reproductive parasites among arthropods: Wolbachia do not walk alone (2008) BMC Biology, 6, p. 27; (2012) Summit Meeting: Arthropod Symbiosis: From Fundamental Research to Pest and Disease Management., St. Pierre D'Oléron, France, 12-13 June, 2012, , http://wolbachia2012.conference.univpoitiers.fr/sites/wolbachia2012.conference.univ-poitiers.fr/IMG/pdf/livret_cost_au_21-06.pdf, accessed 30 February 2014; Fakruddin, M., Mannan, K.S.B., Methods for analysing diversity of microbial communities in natural environments (2013) Ceylon Journal of Science, 42, pp. 19-33; Ferrater, J.B., De Jong, P.W., Dicke, M., Chen, Y.H., Horgan, F.G., Symbiont-mediated adaptation by planthoppers and leafhoppers to resistant rice varieties (2013) Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 7, pp. 591-605; Gerard, P.J., Hackell, D.L., Bell, N.L., Impact of clover root weevil Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae on herbage yield and species composition in a ryegrass-white clover sward (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 381-392; Gerard, P.J., McNeill, M.R., Barratt, B.I.P., Whiteman, S.A., Rationale for release of the Irish strain of Microctonus aethiopoides for biocontrol of clover root weevil (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 285-289; Gerard, P.J., Wilson, D.J., Eden, T.M., Clover root weevil biocontrol distribution in the North Island - release tactics and outcomes (2010) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 72, pp. 85-90; Gehrer, L., Vorburger, C., Parasitoids as vectors of facultative bacterial endosymbionts in aphids (2012) Biological Letters, 8, pp. 613-615; Goldson, S.L., Dyson, C.B., Proffitt, J.R., Frampton, E.R., Logan, J.A., The effect of Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) on lucerne yields in New Zealand (1985) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 75, pp. 429-442; Hagimori, T., Abe, Y., Date, S., Miura, K., The first finding of a Rickettsia bacterium associated with parthenogenesis induction among insects (2006) Current Microbiology, 52, pp. 97-101; Hedges, L.M., Brownlie, J.C., O'Neill, S.L., Johnson, K.N., Wolbachia and virus protection in insects (2008) Science, 322, p. 702; Himler, A.G., Adachi-Hagimori, T., Bergen, J.E., Kozuch, A., Kelly, S.E., Tabashnik, B.E., Chiel, E., Hunter, M.S., Rapid spread of a bacterial symbiont in an invasive whitefly is driven by fitness benefits and female bias (2011) Science, 332, p. 256; Hoffmann, A.A., Montgomery, B.L., Popovici, J., Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I., Johnson, P.H., Muzzi, F., Greenfield, M., O'Neill, S.L., Successful establishment of Wolbachia in Aedes populations to suppress dengue transmission (2011) Nature, 476, pp. 454-457; Hsiao, T.H., Studies of interactions between alfalfa weevil strains, Wolbachia endosymbionts and parasitoids (1996) The Ecology of Agricultural Pests, pp. 51-71. , Symondson WOC, Liddell JE ed. Chapman & Hall, London, United Kingdom; Ishii, Y., Matsuur, Y., Kakizaw, S., Nikoh, N., Fukatsua, T., Diversity of bacterial endosymbionts associated with Macrosteles leafhoppers vectoring phytopathogenic phytoplasmas (2013) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79, pp. 5013-5022; Kean, J.M., Barlow, N.D., Long-term assessment of the biological control of Sitona discoideus by Microctonus aethiopoides and test of a model (2000) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10, pp. 215-221; Kuriwada, T., Hosokawa, T., Kumano, N., Shiromoto, K., Haraguchi, D., Fukatsu, T., Biological role of Nardonella endosymbiont in its weevil host (2010) PLoS ONE, 5 (10), p. e13101; Lachowska, D., Kajtoch, L., Knutelski, S., Occurrence of Wolbachia in central European weevils: Correlations with host systematics, ecology, and biology (2010) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 135, pp. 105-118; Löbl, I., Smetana, A., Curculionoidea II (2013) Catalogue of Palaerctic Coleoptera, 8, 700p. , Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands; McNeill, M.R., Barratt, B.I.P., Evans, A.A., Behavioural acceptability of Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) to the parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using the pathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens Bizio (2000) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10, pp. 205-213; McNeill, M.R., Vittum, P.J., Baird, D.B., Suitability of Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as a host for Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1999) Journal of Economic Entomology, 92, pp. 1292-1300; Merville, A., Venner, S., Henri, H., Vallier, A., Menu, F., Vavre, F., Heddi, A., Bel-Venner, M., Endosymbiont diversity among sibling weevil species competing for the same resource (2013) BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, p. 28; Moran, N.A., Munson, M.A., Baumann, P., Ishikawa, H., A molecular clock in endosymbiotic bacteria is calibrated using the insect hosts (1993) Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 253, pp. 167-171; Moran, N.A., McCutcheon, J.P., Nakabachi, A., Genomics and evolution of heritable bacterial symbionts (2008) Annual Review of Genetics, 42, pp. 165-190; Nachappa, P., Levy, J., Pierson, E., Tamborindeguy, C., Diversity of endosymbionts in the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), vector of zebra chip disease of potato (2011) Current Microbiology, 62, pp. 1510-1520; Nogge, G., Significance of symbionts for the maintenance of an optimal nutritional state for successful reproduction in hematophagous arthropods (1981) Parasitology, 82, pp. 101-104; Novakova, E., Hypsa, V., Moran, N.A., Arsenophonus, an emerging clade of intracellular symbionts with a broad host distribution (2009) BMC Microbiology, 9, p. 143; Oliver, K.M., Degnan, P.H., Burke, G.R., Moran, N.A., Facultative symbionts in aphids and the horizontal transfer of ecologically important traits (2010) Annual Review of Entomology, 55, pp. 247-266; Oliver, K.M., Hunter, M.S., Degnan, P.H., Moran, N.A., Bacteriophage encode factors required for protection in a symbiotic mutualism (2009) Science, 324, pp. 992-994; Oliver, K.M., Noge, K., Huang, E.M., Campos, J.M., Becerra, J.X., Hunter, M.S., Parasitic wasp responses to symbiont-based defense in aphids (2012) BMC Biology, 10, p. 11; Oliver, K.M., Russell, J.A., Moran, N.A., Hunter, M.S., Facultative bacterial symbionts in aphids confer resistance to parasitic wasps (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 100, pp. 1803-1807; Perlman, S.J., Hunter, M.S., Zchori-Fein, E., The emerging diversity of Rickettsia (2006) Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 273 (1598), pp. 2097-2106; Phillips, C.B., Cane, R.P., Mee, J., Chapman, H.M., Hoelmer, K.A., Coutinot, D., Intraspecific variation in the ability of Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to parasitise Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2002) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 45, pp. 295-303; Schneider, D.I., Garschall, K.I., Parker, A.G., Abd-Alla, A.M.M., Wolfgang, J., Miller, W.J., Global Wolbachia prevalence, titer fluctuations and their potential of causing cytoplasmic incompatibilities in tsetse flies and hybrids of Glossina morsitans subgroup species (2013) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 112, pp. S104-S115; Solomon, K.V., Haitjema, C.H., Thompson, D.A., O'Malley, M.A., Extracting data from the muck: Deriving biological insight from complex microbial communities and non-model organisms with next generation sequencing (2014) Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 28, pp. 103-110; Stufkens, M.W., Farrell, J.A., Goldson, S.L., Establishment of Microctonus aethiopoides, a parasitoid of the sitona weevil in New Zealand (1987) Proceedings of the 40th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 31-32; Sundaralingam, S., Hower, A.A., Kim, K.C., Host selection and reproductive success of French and Moroccan populations of the parasitoid, Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (2001) Biocontrol, 46, pp. 25-41; Toju, H., Fukatsu, T., Diversity and infection prevalence of endosymbionts in natural populations of the chestnut weevil: Relevance of local climate and host plants (2011) Molecular Ecology, 20, pp. 853-868; Toju, H., Tanabe, A.S., Notsu, Y., Sota, T., Fukatsu, T., Diversification of endosymbiosis: Replacements, co-speciation and promiscuity of bacteriocyte symbionts in weevils (2013) International Society for Microbial Ecology, 7, pp. 1378-1390; Tsuchida, T., Koga, R., Horikawa, M., Tsunoda, T., Maoka, T., Matsumoto, S., Simon, J.C., Fukatsu, T., Symbiotic bacterium modifies aphid body color (2010) Science, 330, pp. 1102-1104; Tsuchida, T., Koga, R., Fujiwara, A., Fukatsu, T., Phenotypic effect of "Candidatus Rickettsiella viridis," a facultative symbiont of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and its interaction with a coexisting symbiont (2014) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 80, pp. 525-533; Vorburger, C., Gehrer, L., Rodriguez, P., A strain of the bacterial symbiont Regiella insecticola protects aphids against parasitoids (2010) Biology Letters, 6, pp. 109-111; Vorburger, C., Gouskov, A., Only helpful when required: A longevity cost of harbouring defensive symbionts (2011) Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 24, pp. 1611-1617; Watanabe, M., Kageyama, D., Miura, K., Transfer of a parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia endosymbiont derived from Trichogramma dendrolimi into Trichogramma evanescens (2013) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 112, pp. 83-87; Weeks, A.R., Turelli, M., Harcombe, W.R., Reynolds, K.T., Hoffmann, A.A., From parasite to mutualist: Rapid evolution of Wolbachia in natural populations of Drosophila (2007) PLoSBiol, 5 (5), p. e114; Wernegreen, J.J., Moran, N.A., Vertical transmission of biosynthetic plasmids in aphid endosymbionts (Buchnera) (2001) Journal of Bacteriology, 183, pp. 785-790; White, J.A., Caught in the act: Rapid, symbiont-driven evolution (2011) Bioessays, 33, pp. 823-829; White, J.A., Kelly, S.E., Perlman, S.J., Hunter, M.S., Cytoplasmic incompatibility in the parasitic wasp Encarsia inaron: Disentangling the roles of Cardinium and Wolbachia symbionts (2009) Heredity, 102, pp. 483-489; Xie, J.L., Vilchez, I., Mateos, M., Spiroplasma bacteria enhance survival of Drosophila hydei attacked by the parasitic wasp Leptopilina heterotoma (2010) PLOS ONE, 5, p. e12149; Zchori-Fein, E., Perlman, S.J., Distribution of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in arthropods (2004) Molecular Ecology, 13, pp. 2009-2016; Zindel, R., Gottlieb, Y., Aebi, A., Arthropod symbioses: A neglected parameter in pest- and disease-control programmes (2011) Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, pp. 864-872; Zug, R., Hammerstein, P., Still a host of hosts for Wolbachia: Analysis of recent data suggests that 40% of terrestrial arthropod species are infected (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (6), p. e38544 PY - 2014 SP - 204-212 ST - Hidden arsenal: Endosymbionts in arthropods, their role and possible implications for biological control success T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Hidden arsenal: Endosymbionts in arthropods, their role and possible implications for biological control success UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907810873&partnerID=40&md5=28b0c3edd38d87344a785623a750a2c3 VL - 67 ID - 183 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Products containing different gibberellic acids (GA) and GA inhibitors were applied to grapevines during the 2009/10 and 2010/11 growing seasons to evaluate possible effects on bunch architecture and subsequent botrytis bunch rot (BBR) severity. In the 2010/11 season, the timing, formulation and dose responses of the GA inhibitors in association with a biological control agent were also evaluated for their effects on BBR. In both seasons, the effects on yield and fruit quality and quantity were also measured to determine whether the treatments might affect commercial production. There were no significant differences in either BBR incidence or severity in either season between any treatments, including the standard fungicide programme. Bunch openness was significantly modified by treatments but with no consistent pattern. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Haycock, S. R. AU - Raw, V. AU - Agnew, R. H. AU - Sherman, E. AU - McLachlan, A. R. G. AU - Hagerty, G. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baus, O., Reineke, A., Berkelmann-Lohnertz, B., Control of grey mould by application of gibberellin acid inhibitor (Regalis) and management practices in Vitis vinifera (cv. Riesling) (2011) IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 67, pp. 49-53; Beresford, R.M., Evans, K.J., Wood, P.N., Mundy, D.C., Disease assessment and epidemic monitoring methodology for bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) in grapevines (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 355-360; Bigot, G., Ostan, M., Sandra, M., Degano, F., Chiavoni, A., Paladin, M., Fabbro, A., Sivilotti, P., (2008) Managing Botrytis Cinerea Pers.: Fr. on Cv Pinot Gris: Influence of Leaf Removal and Gibberelic Acid = Difesa Nei Confronti di Botrytis Cinerea Su Cv Pinot Grigio: Effetto Della Sfogliatura e Diradamento Con Acido Gibberellico: Giornate Fitopatologiche, Cervia, pp. 353-359; Bleyer, K., Kast, W.K., Experiences about the effect of growth regulators on cluster structure and fruit rot diseases of the vine varieties Pinot Meunier, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir and Rhine-Riesling (2011) IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 67, pp. 41-47; Dry, I.B., Thomas, M.R., (2003) Modification of Grape Cluster Architecture for Control of Fungal Diseases, 30p. , http://www.gwrdc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/CRV-99-14d-Final-Report.pdf, Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture, Australia (accessed 15 May 2014); Elmer, P.A.G., Michailides, T.J., Epidemiology of Botrytis cinerea in orchard and vine crops (2007) Botrytis: Biology, Pathology and Control, pp. 243-272. , Elad Y, Williamson B, Tudzynski P, Delen N ed. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; Evans, K.J., Palmer, A.K., Metcalf, D.A., Effect of aerated compost tea on grapevine powdery mildew, botrytis bunch rot and microbial abundance on leaves (2013) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 135, pp. 661-673; Evers, D., Molitor, D., Rothmeier, M., Behr, M., Fischer, S., Hoffmann, L., Efficiency of different strategies for the control of grey mold on grapes including gibberellic acid (Gibb3), leaf removal and/or botrycide treatments (2010) Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 44, pp. 151-159; Giudice, D.L., Wolf, T.K., Marini, R.P., Vegetative response of Vitis vinifera to prohexadione-calcium (2003) Hort Science, 38, pp. 1435-1438; Giudice, D.L., Wolf, T.K., Zoecklein, B.W., Effects of prohexadione-calcium on grape yield components and fruit and wine composition (2004) American Journal for Enology and Viticulture, 55, pp. 73-83; Holden, D., Johnson, H., Ocafrain, M., Norrie, J., Effect of seaweed extract on fruit set, yield, and quality in Pinot noir winegrapes (2008) Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Plant Growth Regulation Society of America, San Francisco, California, USA, 3-7 August 2008; Hopping, M.E., Effect of bloom applications of gibberellic acid on yield and bunch rot of the wine grape 'Seibel 5455' (1976) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 4, pp. 103-107; Jawanda, J.S., Raghbir, S., Pal, R.N., Effect of growth regulators on floral bud drop, fruit characters and quality of Thompson Seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) (m. dt. Zus.) (1974) Vitis, 13, pp. 215-221; Mundy, D., Agnew, R., Raw, V., Jia, Y., Technical report including return bloom measurements for "Changing bunch architecture for sustainable botrytis control" SFF Project (2011) Plant & Food Research Report No. 5004, 24p. , Report to SFF and Marlborough Wine Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Blenheim, New Zealand; Shavrukov, Y.N., Dry, I.B., Thomas, M.R., Inflorescence and bunch architecture development in Vitis vinifera L (2004) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 10, pp. 116-124; Trought, M.C.T., Bennett, J.S., Boldingh, H.L., Influence of retained cane number and pruning time on grapevine yield components, fruit composition and vine phenology of Sauvignon Blanc vines (2011) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 17, pp. 258-262; Vaquero-Fernandez, L., Fernandez-Zurbano, P., Sanz-Asensio, J., Lopez-Alonso, M., Martinez-Soria, M.T., Treatment of grapevines with prohexadione calcium as a growth regulator. The influence on production, winemaking and sensory characteristics of wines (2009) Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 43, pp. 149-157; Weaver, R., Effect of time of application of potassium gibberellate on cluster development of 'Zinfandel' grapes (m. dt. Zus.) (1975) Vitis, 14, pp. 97-102; Weaver, R., Mccune, S., Studies on prebloom sprays of gibberellin to elongate and loosen clusters of Thompson seedless grapes (1962) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 13, pp. 15-19; Weyand, K.A., Schultz, H.R., Regulating yield and wine quality of minimal pruning systems through the application of gibberellic acid (2006) Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 40, pp. 151-163 PY - 2014 SP - 157-167 ST - Effects of chemical and natural product treatments on bunch openness and botrytis bunch rot in Sauvignon blanc grapes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effects of chemical and natural product treatments on bunch openness and botrytis bunch rot in Sauvignon blanc grapes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907807620&partnerID=40&md5=ecb0e3da05a7ffd7eb6779976ba608be VL - 67 ID - 157 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An empirical spray droplet adhesion model, developed to predict the adhesion of spray formulations to non-hairy leaf surfaces based on their specific wettability, has previously been improved to allow predictions to hairy leaves, since it had been discovered that leaf hairs cause a significant, consistent increase in droplet shatter compared to nonhairy leaves (super-hairy leaves demonstrate distinctly different adhesion behaviour). The current study investigated the effect of spray formulation surface tension on droplet adhesion to hairy leaf surfaces. The amount of shatter on hairy leaves was found to increase with decreasing surface tension. The relationship derived improved the adhesion model. This enables the model to better predict the effect of spray formulation on spray droplet adhesion of hairy leaf species. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Nairn, J. J. AU - Forster, W. A. AU - Van Leeuwen, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Boukhalfa, H.H., Massinon, M., Belhamra, M., Lebeau, F., Contribution of spray droplet pinning fragmentation to canopy retention (2014) Crop Protection, 56, pp. 91-97; Dorr, G.J., Kempthorne, D.M., Mayo, L.C., Forster, W.A., Zabkiewicz, J.A., McCue, S.W., Belward, J.A., Hanan, J., Towards a model of spray-canopy interactions: Interception, shatter, bounce and retention of droplets on horizontal leaves (2013) Ecological Modelling, , in press; Forster, A., Van Leeuwen, R.M., Characterisation of forest weed species and herbicide formulations to predict droplet adhesion and optimise spray retention (2010) Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Weeds Conference, pp. 348-351; Forster, W., Mercer, G., Schou, W., Process-driven models for spray droplet shatter, adhesion or bounce (2010) Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals, pp. 277-285; Forster, W.A., Kimberley, M.O., Zabkiewicz, J.A., A universal spray droplet adhesion model (2005) Transactions of the ASAE, 48, pp. 1321-1330; Gaskin, R.E., Steele, K.D., Forster, W.A., Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 179-183; Mercer, G., Sweatman, W., Elvin, A., Caunce, J., Fulford, G., Harper, S., Pennifold, R., Process driven models for spray retention by plants (2007) Proceedings of the 2006 Mathematics-In-Industry Study Group, pp. 57-85. , Wake G ed; Mercer, G.N., Sweatman, W.L., Forster, W.A., A model for spray droplet adhesion, bounce or shatter at a crop leaf surface (2010) Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2008. Mathematics in Industry, 15, pp. 937-943. , Fitt AD, Norbury J, Ockendon H, Wilson E ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; Nairn, J., Forster, A., Van Leeuwen, R., "Universal" spray droplet adhesion model - Accounting for hairy leaves (2013) Weed Research, 53, pp. 407-417; Schou, W.C., Forster, W.A., Mercer, G., Teske, M., Thistle, H., Building canopy retention into AGDISP: Preliminary models and results (2012) Transactions of the ASABE, 55, pp. 2059-2066 PY - 2014 SP - 278-283 ST - Influence of spray formulation surface tension on spray droplet adhesion and shatter on hairy leaves T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of spray formulation surface tension on spray droplet adhesion and shatter on hairy leaves UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907816922&partnerID=40&md5=2846d6a7da4f0862f8d16fb4f2d53c0e VL - 67 ID - 166 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Prey consumption rate by natural enemies may be affected by the prey's host plant and prey density. The predation rate of the mite Neoseiulus cucumeris at different densities of first-instar Thrips tabaci larvae in the presence (onion) or absence (green plastic) of a host was measured. In the first experiment using a disc bioassay, N. cucumeris exhibited a type-II density-dependent functional response to prey on both disc types. Prey consumption was reduced on onion relative to plastic. A second experiment using onion bulbs and green plastic bulbs indicated a decrease in the consumption rate on plastic bulbs compared with plastic discs. The survival or recapture of N. cucumeris on onion bulbs was less than 7% and no prey consumption data were obtained. The results indicate that onion as a host plant has a negative effect on consumption of T. tabaci by N. cucumeris and on survival of the predator mite. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baker, G., Storing onions without tears (2007) Biocontrol News and Information, 29, pp. 19-20; Baker, G.J., Powis, K., The biological control of onion thrips in stored onions (2009) IX International Symposium on Thysanoptera and Tospoviruses, 59; Bakker, F.M., Sabelis, M.W., How larvae of Thrips tabaci reduce the attack success of phytoseiid predators (1989) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 50, pp. 47-51; Brødsgaard, H.F., Hansen, L.S., Effect of Amblyseius cucumeris and Amblyseius barkeri as biological control agents of Thrips tabaci on glasshouse cucumbers (1992) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2, pp. 215-223; Canevari, G., Rezende, F., Silva, R.B., Faroni, L.R.D.A., Zanuncio, J.C., Papadopoulou, S., Serrão, J.E., Potential of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Astigmata: Acaridae) for the biological control of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) (2012) Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 55, pp. 299-303; Diaz-Montano, J., Fuchs, M., Nault, B.A., Fail, J., Shelton, A.M., Onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A global pest of increasing concern in onion (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, pp. 1-13; Dugravot, S., Thibout, E., Abo-Ghalia, A., Huignard, J., How a specialist and a non-specialist insect cope with dimethyl disulfide produced by Allium porrum (2004) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 113, pp. 173-179; Farhadi, R., Allahyari, H., Juliano, S.A., Functional response of larval and adult stages of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to different densities of Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (2010) Environmental Entomology, 39, pp. 1586-1592; Gillespie, D.R., Biological control of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on greenhouse cucumber by Amblyseius cucumeris (1989) Entomophaga, 34, pp. 185-192; Jacobson, R.J., Croft, P., Fenlon, J., Suppressing establishment of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in cucumber crops by prophylactic release of Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) (2001) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 11, pp. 27-34; Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Griffin, M., Temperature development and damage rates of onion thrips (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 126-132; Juliano, S.A., Nonlinear curve fitting: Predation and functional response curves (2001) Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments, pp. 178-196. , Scheiner SM, Gurevitch J ed. Oxford University Press, New York, USA; Lewis, T., (1973) Thrips Their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance, , Academic Press, London, UK; Lewis, T., (1997) Pest Thrips in Perspective: Thrips As Crop Pests, 740p. , University Press, Cambridge, UK; Madadi, H., Enkegaard, A., Brodsgaard, H.F., Kharrazi-Pakdel, A., Mohaghegh, J., Ashouri, A., Host plant effects on the functional response of Neoseiulus cucumeris to onion thrips larvae (2007) Journal of Applied Entomology, 131, pp. 728-733; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., A new bioassay for determining the susceptibility of onion (Allium cepa) bulbs to onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (2006) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 34, pp. 85-92; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Butler, R.C., Insecticide resistance in onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31, pp. 99-106; Matokot, L., Hapangou-Divassa, S., Delobel, A., Evolution des populations de Caryedon serratus (Ol.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) dans les stocks d'arachide au Congo (1987) L' Agronomie Tropicale, 42, pp. 69-74; Mayer, D.F., Lunden, J.D., Rathbone, L., Evaluation of insecticides for Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and effects of thrips on bulb onions (1987) Journal of Economic Entomology, 80, pp. 930-932; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, pp. 511+xix. , Chapman & Hall, London, UK; McMurtry, J.A., Croft, B.A., Life-styles of Phytoseiid mites and their roles in biological control (1997) Annual Review of Entomology, 42, pp. 291-321; Price, P.W., Denno, R.F., Eubanks, M.D., Finke, D.L., Kaplan, I., (2011) Insect Ecology: Behavior, Populations and Communities, p. 828. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; Pulpán, J., Verner, P.H., Control of Tyroglyphoid mites in stored grain by the predatory mite Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) (1965) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 43, pp. 417-432; Ramakers, P.M.J., Population dynamics of the thrips predators Amblyseius mckenziei and Amblyseius cucumeris (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) on sweet pepper (1988) Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 36, pp. 247-252; Shipp, J.L., Whitfield, G.H., Functional response of the predatory mite, Amblyseius cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae), on western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (1991) Environmental Entomology, 20, pp. 694-699; Summerville, W.A.T., Notes on the onion thrips (1933) Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 39, pp. 41-46; Trexler, J.C., Travis, J., Nontraditional regression analyses (1993) Ecology, 74, pp. 1629-1637; Vet, L.E.M., Dicke, M., Ecology of infochemical use by natural enemies in a tritrophic context (1992) Annual Review of Entomology, 37, pp. 141-172; Whitaker, J.R., Development of flavor, odor and pungency in onion and garlic (1976) Advances in Food Research, 22, pp. 73-133; Williams, M.E.D.C., Biological control of thrips on ornamental crops: Interactions between the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on cyclamen (2001) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 11, pp. 41-55; Wood, R.J., Control of onion thrips (2001) Grower, 56, pp. 51-52; Workman, P.J., Martin, N.A., Towards integrated pest management of Thrips tabaci in onions (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 188-192; Workman, P.J., Walker, G.P., Winkler, S., Incidence and control of thrips on outdoor lettuce at Pukekohe (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 42-49 PY - 2014 SP - 197-203 ST - Predation rate of Thrips tabaci larvae by Neoseiulus cucumeris is influenced by prey density and presence of a host plant T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Predation rate of Thrips tabaci larvae by Neoseiulus cucumeris is influenced by prey density and presence of a host plant UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907811611&partnerID=40&md5=8a2c84fa6b232585b432512b3a13437e VL - 67 ID - 167 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Species within the Ilyonectria macrodidyma complex are known plant pathogens and several are implicated as the causal agents of black foot disease of grapevines. The seven species within the complex can be identified by DNA sequencing of the histone H3 gene. In this study, a PCR-RFLP method to identify the species was developed. In silico digestion of the 500 bp histone H3 amplimer using MnlI showed that it could identify Ilyonectria sp. 1, Ilyonectria sp. 2, I. alcacerensis and I. macrodidyma. Subsequent in silico digestion with Hinf1 identified I. estremocensis, I. novozelandica and I. torresensis. The PCR-RFLP was validated using a collection of 40 I. macrodidyma complex isolates that had been recovered from symptomatic grapevines. Ilyonectria macrodidyma, I. novozelandica and I. torresensis were detected in that collection. Intraspecific polymorphism was only detected in I. torresensis. This method provides a rapid procedure for identifying individual species of the I. macrodidyma species complex. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Outram, M. A. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Ridgway, H. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agusti-Brisach, C., Armengol, J., Black-foot disease of grapevine: An update on taxonomy, epidemiology and management strategies (2013) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 52 (2), pp. 245-261; Alaniz, S., León, M., Vicent, A., García-Jiménez, J., Abad-Campos, P., Armengol, J., Characterisation of Cylindrocarpon species associated with black foot disease of grapevine in Spain (2007) The American Phytopathological Society, 91 (9), pp. 1187-1193; Alves, A., Phillips, A.J.L., Henriques, I., Correia, A., Evaluation of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis as a method for the identification of Botryosphaeria species (2005) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 245, pp. 221-229; Bleach, C., (2013) Management of Cylindrocarpon Black Foot Disease in New Zealand Nurseries and Vineyards, , PhD thesis, Lincoln Univeristy, Christchurch, New Zealand; Cabral, A., Groenewald, J.Z., Rego, C., Oliveira, H., Crous, P.W., Cylindrocarpon root rot: Multi-gene analysis reveals novels Ilyonectria radicicola species complex (2012) Mycological Progress, 11 (3), pp. 655-688; Cabral, A., Rego, C., Nascimento, T., Oliveira, H., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Multigene analysis and morphology reveal novel Ilyonectria species associated with black foot disease of grapevines (2012) Fungal Biology, 116 (1), pp. 62-80; Crous, P.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Risède, J.-M., Simoneau, P., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs: Species with sphaeropedunculate vesicles (2004) Studies in Mycology, 50, pp. 415-430; Halleen, F., Fourie, P.H., Crous, P.W., A review of black foot disease of grapevine (2006) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 45, pp. S55-S67; Oliveira, H., Rego, M.C., Nascimento, T., Decline of young grapevines caused by fungi (2004) Acta Horticulture, 652, pp. 295-304; Pathrose, B., (2012) Characterising Sub-species Variation in New Zealand Cylindrocarpon Species That Cause Black Foot of Grapevines, , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand; Petit, E., Gubler, W.D., Characterization of Cylindrocarpon species, the cause of black foot disease of grapevine in California (2005) The American Phytopathological Society, 89 (10), pp. 1051-1059; Reis, P., Cabral, A., Nascimento, T., Oliveira, H., Rego, C., Diversity of Ilyonectria species in young vineyard affected by black foot disease (2013) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 52 (2), pp. 335-346 PY - 2014 SP - 151-156 ST - Development of a PCR-RFLP method to distinguish species within the Ilyonectria macrodidyma complex T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of a PCR-RFLP method to distinguish species within the Ilyonectria macrodidyma complex UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907809469&partnerID=40&md5=05f5b026e05dfb1f38798b13443ed667 VL - 67 ID - 173 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The adult stages of three key New Zealand forest pests, burnt pine longhorn beetle (Arhopalus ferus), golden-haired bark beetle (Hylurgus ligniperda) and black pine bark beetle (Hylastes ater), were fumigated at 10 or 20°C for 4 h to determine their mortalities at increasing dosages of methyl bromide as a first step towards developing a new fumigation schedule for New Zealand export logs. Hylastes adults were the most methyl bromide tolerant of the three species (LD99=41.6 g/m3) when fumigated at 10°C (P<0.01). When fumigated at 20°C, Hylastes were not significantly more tolerant than Hylurgus adults. The highest methyl bromide concentration required to control Hylastes adults is much lower than the phytosanitary requirement for export logs to India and China, which requires 120 g/m3for 16 h at ≤15°C. This study suggests that a reduction in methyl bromide usage may be possible for logs exported from New Zealand, but further work on other life stages is required. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Pranamornkith, T. AU - Hall, M. K. D. AU - Adlam, A. R. AU - Page, B. B. C. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Somerfield, K. G. AU - Brash, D. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bain, J., (1977) Hylurgus Ligniperda (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), 8p. , New Zealand Forest Service, Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 18; Cross, D.J., Penetration of methyl bromide into Pinus radiata wood and its significance for export quarantine (1992) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 21 (2-3), pp. 235-245; Dobson, A.J., (1990) An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models, 307p. , Chapman and Hall, London, UK; Hoebeke, R.H., Hylurgus ligniperda: A new exotic pine bark beetle in the United States (2001) Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society, 46, pp. 1-2; Hosking, G.P., (1978) Arhopalus Ferus (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Burnt Pine Longhorn, 8p. , New Zealand Forest Service, Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand. No. 27; Hosking, G.P., Bain, J., Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); its biology in New Zealand (1977) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 7, pp. 3-15; Mead, D.J., Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations (2013) FAO Forestry Paper No. 170, 247p. , Rome, FAO; Milligan, R.H., (1978) Hylastes Ater (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Black Pine Bark Beetle, 8p. , New Zealand Forest Service, Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 29; Ministry for Primary Industries, (2012) Forest Products Export Standards - Phytosanitary Requirements of China - Logs (Pinus Radiata), , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/exports/forests/standards/china.htm#logs, accessed 9 May 2014; Ministry for Primary Industries, (2013) Situation and Outlook for Primary Industries 2013, 58p. , http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications, New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington (accessed 9 May 2014); Ministry for Primary Industries, (2013) Forestry Importing Countries Phytosanitary Requirements (ICPRs), , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/commercial-exports/forestry-exports/export-certification-standards, accessed 9 May 2014; Pawson, S.M., Watt, M.S., Brockerhoff, E.G., Using differential responses to light spectra as a monitoring and control tool for Arhophalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and other exotic wood-boring pests (2009) Journal of Economic Entomology, 102, pp. 79-85; Preisler, H.K., Robertson, J.L., Analysis of time-dose-mortality data (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1534-1542; (2013) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Ren, Y.L., Wang, Y.J., Barak, A.V., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Dowsett, H.A., Toxicity of ethanedinitrile to Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 308-312; Rogers, D.J., Lewthwaite, S.E., Dentener, P.R., Rearing huhu beetle larvae, Prionoplus reticularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on artificial diet (2002) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 29, pp. 303-310; Self, N.M., Turner, J.A., Market access for New Zealand forest products: An economic and environmental case for development of alternative phytosanitary treatments (2009) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 39, pp. 15-27; Somerfield, K.G., Bycroft, B.L., Brash, D.W., Clark, J.N., Hedderley, D.I., Armstrong, J.W., Efficacy of methyl bromide used at reduced rates to control larvae and adults of goldenhaired bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 82-88 PY - 2014 SP - 80-85 ST - Relative methyl bromide tolerances of Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) and Hylastes ater (Paykull) adults T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Relative methyl bromide tolerances of Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) and Hylastes ater (Paykull) adults UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907822284&partnerID=40&md5=be0e20ef5b3ae94eb4129a6c5cfa576c VL - 67 ID - 155 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ethanedinitrile (EDN, syn. cyanogen, EDN Fumigas®) is a relatively new fumigant with the potential to disinfest quarantine pests from radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) logs and sawn timber for export. This research evaluated the effects of dose (20 g/m3or 50 g/m3), timber moisture content (green or kiln dried sawn timber), end-grain sealing (sealed or unsealed timber end-grain) and load factor (11% or 44%) on sorption of EDN by sawn timber at 15°C. This was quantified using headspace samples taken from 28-litre fumigation chambers. Chamber loading significantly influenced sorption, with higher loading resulting in greater sorption. Changes in the dose of EDN did not affect the sorption pattern. Increased moisture content and end-grain sealing both reduced sorption, but these effects were relatively small and the differences in sorption patterns caused by moisture content or end-grain sealing decreased over time. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Pranamornkith, T. AU - Hall, M. K. D. AU - Adlam, A. R. AU - Somerfield, K. G. AU - Page, B. B. C. AU - Hall, A. J. AU - Brash, D. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2007) Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-base Materials (PDF), 6p. , www.astm.org, ASTM Standard D4442 West Conshohocken, PA, 2007, accessed 10 July 2013; (2013) Public Release Summary on the Evaluation of the New Active Constituent Ethanedinitrile in the Product Sterigas 1000 Fumigant, 31p. , http://www.apvma.gov.au/registration/assessment/docs/prs_ethane_dinitrile.pdf, accessed 1 May 2014; (2012) BOC Trial Report, Ethanedinitrile Fumigant (EDN) Worker Exposure Field Trial, Timber Application under Tarp, 41p. , BOC Australia, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia; (2014) EDN Fumigas Label, Safety Directions before Opening or Using of Fumigant, Active Constituent: 1000 G/kg Ethanedinitrile (EDN), for the Control of Insect Pests and Fungi Infesting Timber and Logs, 3p. , http://www.infopest.com.au/extra/asp/infopest/nra/labels.asp?prodcode=60096, (accessed 28 March 2014). New South Wales, BOC Australia; Bond, E.J., Manual of fumigation for insect control (1984) FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 54, 351p. , www.fao.org/docrep/x5042e/x5042E00.htm#Contents, Rome, Italy. Reprinted accessed 15 May 2014; Cown, D.J., New Zealand pine and Douglas fir: Suitability for processing (1999) FRI Bulletin No. 216, , Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua, New Zealand; O'Brien, I.G., Desmarchelier, F.J.M., Ren, Y.L., CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), Cyanogen fumigants and methods of fumigation using cyanogen (1996), 171p. PCT/AU 95/00409. International Patent No. WO World Intellectual Property Organization, International Bureau, Geneva, Switzerland Note: this reference is cited by Ren et al. (2006) as O'Brien IG, Desmarchelier, JM, Ren, YL 1995. Cyanogen fumigants and methods of fumigation using cyanogen, International Patent Application PCT/AU95/00409. The latter citation references the year the patent application was submitted; (2005) BOC Licenses Ozone-safe Fumigant, , www.csiro.au/Portals/Partner/Invest-or-technology-transfer/BOC-licenses-ozone-safe-fumigant.aspx#a2, accessed 6 November 2013; Darby, J.A., A kinetic model of fumigant sorption by grain using batch experimental data (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 519-526; Glassey, K., (2013) Official Use of Methyl Bromide, 3p. , www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/regs/treat/official-use-of-methyl-bromide.pdf, Ministry for Primary Industries. accessed 6 November 2013; Harris, J., Heartwood formation in Pinus radiata (D. Don.) (1954) New Phytologist, 53, pp. 517-524; Lorraine, D.R., (2014) Fumigation Training Manual, 18p. , http://pest.ca.uky.edu/PSEP/Manuals/7c-FumigationManual.pdf, UK Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky accessed 28 May 2014; Matheson Tri-Gas, (2008) Material Safety Data Sheet - Cyanogen, 7p. , Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA; (2011) Methyl Bromide: A Reassessment of Methyl Bromide and Its Formulations. Decision - Amended Version (17 June 2011) (Pdf), , http://www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/Pages/applicationsdetails.aspx?appID=HRC08002#, New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority, Wellington. accessed 21 May 2013; (2011) Decision on ERMA200981, , http://www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/Pages/applications-details.aspx?appID=ERMA200981, accessed 14 May 2014; Ren, Y.L., Dowsett, H., Wang, Y.J., Wang, X., Barak, A.V., (2005) Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, 31 October - 3 November 2005, San Diego, California, USA, , Toxicity of ethanedinitrile (C2N2) to timber or wood related insect pests. Poster No. 86; Ren, Y.L., Lee, B.H., Padovan, B., Penetration of methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride, ethanedinitrile and phosphine into timber blocks and the sorption rate of the fumigants (2011) Journal of Stored Products Research, 47, pp. 63-68; Ren, Y.L., Rees, D., Husain, M., Gan, K.-S., (2005) Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, 31 October - 3 November 2005, San Diego, California, USA, , International collaboration on the use of alternative fumigant to treat timber for replacement of methyl bromide in Malaysia - result from EDN (C2N2) trial. Poster No. 115. Note: actual poster shows authors as Ren YL, Rees D, Waterford C, Husain M, Gan K-S; Ren, Y.L., Wang, Y.J., Barak, A.V., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Dowsett, H.A., Toxicity of ethanedinitrile to Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 308-312; Roynon, J., (2012) Preparation Procedure of 100% EDN Sample for Gas Chromatography Calibration, 4p. , BOC Australia, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia; Sinclair, W.B., Lindgren, D.L., Effect of load in fumatorium on sorption of fumigants (1952) Journal of Economic Entomology, 45, pp. 726-731; Sinclair, W.B., Lindgren, D.L., Factors affecting the fumigation of food commodities for insect control (1958) Journal of Economic Entomology, 51, pp. 891-900; (2014), http://www.stimbr.org.nz/our-resources.html, accessed 6 May 2014; Van Someren Graver, J.E., (2004) Guide to Fumigation under Gas-proof Sheets, 170p. , http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/543/FAO%20full%20text.pdf, Produced for Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. accessed 28 May 2014; Vincent, L.E., Lindgren, D.L., Comparison of the sorption of hydrogen phosphide, methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, and hydrocyanic acid by wheat and corn of different moisture contents and load factors (1971) Journal of Economic Entomology, 64, pp. 122-123; Zahora, A.R., Morrell, J.J., The influence of wood moisture content on the fungitoxicity of methylisothiocyanate in Douglas-fir heartwood (1989) Wood and Fiber Science, 21 (4), pp. 343-353 PY - 2014 SP - 66-74 ST - Effect of fumigant dose, timber moisture content, end-grain sealing, and chamber load factor on sorption by sawn timber fumigated with ethanedinitrile T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of fumigant dose, timber moisture content, end-grain sealing, and chamber load factor on sorption by sawn timber fumigated with ethanedinitrile UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907829628&partnerID=40&md5=079463618f43e1409b0da075952c43e4 VL - 67 ID - 186 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The efficacy of ethanedinitrile (EDN, syn. cyanogen, EDN Fumigas®) for the control of burnt pine longhorn beetle (Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant)) adults was tested using a range of ethanedinitrile concentrations. The LD99for adults after a 3 h exposure at 15°C was 12.6 g/m3. The results demonstrate that ethanedinitrile is a potential phytosanitary alternative to methyl bromide for disinfesting burnt pine longhorn adults from sawn timber exported from New Zealand. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Pranamornkith, T. AU - Hall, M. K. D. AU - Najar-Rodriguez, A. AU - Adlam, A. R. AU - Somerfield, K. G. AU - Page, B. B. C. AU - Hedderley, D. I. AU - Brash, D. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2013) Public Release Summary on the Evaluation of the New Active Constituent Ethanedinitrile in the Product Sterigas 1000 Fumigant, 31p. , http://www.apvma.gov.au/registration/assessment/docs/prs_ethane_dinitrile.pdf, accessed 1 May 2014; BOC, (2012) BOC Trial Report, Ethanedinitrile Fumigant (EDN) Worker Exposure Field Trial, Timber Application under Tarp, 41p. , BOC Australia, New South Wales, Australia; BOC, (2014) EDN Fumigas Label, Safety Directions before Opening or Using of Fumigant, Active Constituent: 1000 G/kg Ethanedinitrile (EDN), for the Control of Insect Pests and Fungi Infesting Timber and Logs, 3p. , http://www.infopest.com.au/extra/asp/infopest/nra/labels.asp?prodcode=60096, New South Wales, BOC Australia accessed 28 March 2014; O'Brien, I.G., Desmarchelier, F.J.M., Ren, Y.L., CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), Cyanogen fumigants and methods of fumigation using cyanogen (1996), 171p. PCT/AU 95/00409 International Patent No. WO World Intellectual Property Organization, International Bureau, Geneva, Switzerland; (2005) BOC Licenses Ozone-safe Fumigant, , www.csiro.au/Portals/Partner/Invest-or-technology-transfer/BOC-licenses-ozone-safe-fumigant.aspx#a2, accessed 6 November 2013; Glassey, K., (2013) Official Use of Methyl Bromide, 3p. , www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/regs/treat/official-use-of-methyl-bromide.pdf, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand accessed 6 November 2013; Tri-Gas, M., (2008) Material Safety Data Sheet - Cyanogen, p. 7. , Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA; Methyl Bromide: A reassessment of methyl bromide and its formulations (2011) Decision - Amended Version, , http://www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/Pages/applicationsdetails.aspx?appID=HRC08002#, (17 June 2011) (pdf). New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority, Wellington. accessed 21 May 2013; (2011) Decision on ERMA200981, , http://www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/Pages/applications-details.aspx?appID=ERMA200981, accessed 14 May 2014; Pawson, S.M., Watt, M.S., Brockerhoff, E.G., Using differential responses to light spectra as a monitoring and control tool for Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and other exotic wood-boring pests (2009) Journal of Economic Entomology, 102 (1), pp. 79-85; Pranamornkith, T., Hall, M.K.D., Adlam, A.R., Somerfield, K.G., Page, B.B.C., Hall, A.J., Brash, D.W., Effect of fumigant dose, timber moisture content, end-grain sealing, and chamber load factor on sorption by sawn timber fumigated with ethanedinitrile (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 66-74; Pranamornkith, T., Hall, M.K.D., Adlam, A.R., Page, B.B.C., Connolly, P., Somerfield, K.G., Brash, D.W., Relative methyl bromide tolerances of Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) and Hylastes ater (Paykull) adults (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 80-85; Ren, Y.L., Wang, Y.J., Barak, A.V., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Dowsett, H.A., Toxicity of ethanedinitrile to Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 308-312; (2014), http://www.stimbr.org.nz/our-resources.html, accessed 6 May 2014UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907859045&partnerID=40&md5=5becd23569f783b4a97b626219ade014 PY - 2014 SP - 75-79 ST - Ethanedinitrile: Potential methyl bromide alternative to control Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) in New Zealand sawn timber exports T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Ethanedinitrile: Potential methyl bromide alternative to control Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) in New Zealand sawn timber exports VL - 67 ID - 144 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) on vines sprayed with a biological control agent (Bacstar™; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747; Ba) and on untreated control vines were monitored using qPCR. Leaf discs were taken from vines in February 2014, 3 months after the final of three spray applications of Bacstar™ in October and November 2013. An aliquot of leaf washings in bacterial saline (BS) was spread on to potato dextrose agar in Petri plates and the numbers of colonies of Ba were counted. DNA was extracted from the remaining BS and the quantity of Psa DNA was determined using qPCR. Ba was recovered from leaf discs that had been sprayed with Bacstar™ in greater numbers than from unsprayed leaf discs (P<0.05). Psa was recovered in greater numbers from the unsprayed control leaf discs than from the Bacstar™ sprayed discs (P<0.05). © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Pushparajah, I. P. S. AU - Ryan, T. R. AU - Hawes, L. G. AU - Smith, B. N. AU - Follas, G. B. AU - Rees-George, J. AU - Everett, K. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (2012) Zespri Introduces Psa Tolerant Kiwifruit, , http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/zespri-introduces-psa-tolerant-kiwifruit-4929547, accessed 5 May 2014; Anonymous, (2013) KVH Best Practice Advice. Monitoring, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/675, accessed 5 May 2014; Barbosa, H.R., Rodrigues, M.F.A., Campos, C.C., Chaves, M.E., Nunes, I., Juliano, Y., Novo, N.F., Counting of viable cluster-forming and non cluster-forming bacteria - A comparison between the drop and the spread methods (1995) Journal of Microbiological Methods, 22 (1), pp. 39-50; Biondi, E., Kuzmanovic, N., Galeone, A., Ladurner, E., Benuzzi, M., Minardi, P., Bertaccini, A., Potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 as control agent against Pseudomonas syrinage pv. actinidiae (2012) Journal of Plant Pathology, 94, p. S4.58; Cabrefiga, J., Frances, J., Montesinos, E., Bonaterra, A., Improvement of fitness and efficacy of a fire blight biocontrol agent via nutritional enhancement combined with osmoadaptation (2011) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77 (10), pp. 3174-3181; Chapman, J.R., Taylor, R.K., Weir, B.S., Romberg, M.K., Vanneste, J.L., Luck, J., Alexander, B.J.R., Phylogenetic relationships among global populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (2012) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 1034-1044; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6 (1), pp. 67-71; Everett, K.R., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Vergara, M.J., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on surfaces in the orchard (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 19-24; Everett, K.R., Cohen, D., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Vergara, M.J., Curtis, C.L., Larsen, N.J., Jia, Y., Heat treatments to kill Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on contaminated pollen (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 8-18; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae as causal agent of bacterial canker of yellow kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planchon) in Central Italy (2009) Journal of Phytopathology, 157, pp. 768-770; Highland, H., Ockey, S., Dimock, M., A new generation of bacterial biofungicides based on the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain D747) from Certis USA for use in vegetable and fruit disease control (2012) Phytopathology, 102 (7), pp. 53-53; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Koh, Y., Lee, D., Canker of kiwifruit by Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum (1992) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 8, pp. 119-122; Li, J., Wang, N., Foliar application of biofilm formation-inhibiting compounds enhances control of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp citri (2014) Phytopathology, 104 (2), pp. 134-142; McCann, H.C., Rikkerink, E.H.A., Bertels, F., Fiers, M., Lu, A., Rees-George, J., Andersen, M.T., Templeton, M.D., Genomic analysis of the kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae provides insight into the origins of an emergent plant disease (2013) PLoS Pathog, 9 (7), p. e1003503; Pujol, M., Badosa, E., Cabrefiga, J., Montesinos, E., Development of a strain-specific quantitative method for monitoring Pseudomonas fluorescens EPS62e, a novel blocontrol agent of fire blight (2005) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 249 (2), pp. 343-352; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59 (3), pp. 453-464; Rikkerink, E., Andersen, M.T., Rees-George, J., Cui, W., Vanneste, J., Templeton, M.D., (2011) Development of a Rapid Tool for the Molecular Characterisation of Psa Haplotypes, , www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/910, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited. Report to Zespri Group Ltd. Ref: VI1256. SPTS No. 6361 accessed 15 May 2014; Rosello, G., Bonaterra, A., Frances, J., Montesinos, L., Badosa, E., Montesinos, E., Biological control of fire blight of apple and pear with antagonistic Lactobacillus plantarum (2013) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 137 (3), pp. 621-633; Scortichini, M., Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on kiwifruit in Italy (1994) Plant Pathology, 43 (6), pp. 1035-1038; Takikawa, Y., Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae pv. nov.: The causal bacterium of canker of kiwifruit in Japan (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55 (4), pp. 437-444 PY - 2014 SP - 220-225 ST - Using qPCR to monitor populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on kiwifruit vines after spray application of Bacstar™ T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Using qPCR to monitor populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on kiwifruit vines after spray application of Bacstar™ UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907815503&partnerID=40&md5=4949f7791ed32997e68dfdeb154705ed VL - 67 ID - 189 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To quantify soil residual activity and plant-back periods for two maize herbicides, saflufenacil and topramezone, different rates were applied to a cultivated soil and samples (0-5 cm) collected at regular intervals for glasshouse bioassays. Phytotoxic residues of saflufenacil applied at 17 g ai/ha, the rate used for conservation tillage and pasture renovation, persisted in the soil for < 2 weeks for the susceptible species, viz. white clover, onion, carrot and radish. Residual activity from 102 g ai/ha, the rate recommended for maize, dissipated within 4 weeks for all species. Wheat, ryegrass, carrot, squash, onions and tomato were not affected by topramezone residues from rates up to 202 g ai/ha in soil collected 2 weeks after treatment (WAT). However, peas, white clover and radish all suffered damage in samples collected 2 WAT. By 4 WAT, only white clover and peas exhibited minor phytotoxicity. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Rahman, A. AU - Dowsett, C. A. AU - Trolove, M. R. AU - James, T. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (2007) Impact Herbicide: Technical Information and Use Guide, , AMVAC Chemical Corporation, Los Angeles, California, USA; Burney, B., Rahman, A., Oomen, G.A.C., Whitham, J.M., The organic matter status of some mineral soils in New Zealand (1975) Proceedings of the 28th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 101-103; Gorsic, M., Baric, K., Galzina, N., Scepanovic, M., Ostojic, Z., Weed control in maize with new herbicide topramezone (2008) Cereal Research Communications, 36, pp. 1627-1630; Grossmann, K., Ehrhardt, T., On the mechanism of action and selectivity of the maize herbicide topramezone; a new inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (2007) Pest Management Science, 63, pp. 429-439; Grossmann, K., Niggeweg, R., Christiansen, N., Looser, R., Ehrardt, T., The herbicide saflufenacil (Kixor) is a new inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase activity (2010) Weed Science, 58, pp. 1-9; Liebl, R., Walter, H., Bowe, S.J., Holt, T.J., Westberg, D.E., BAS 800H: A new herbicide for preplant burndown and preemergence dicot weed control (2008) Weed Science Society of America Conference, , Abstract 120; Matringe, M., Camadro, J.M., Brouillet, N., Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the molecular target site for peroxidizing herbicides (1993) Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Weeds, pp. 703-711; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Field persistence of some maize herbicides in two soils (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 6-10; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Improving performance and reliability of soil applied herbicides in New Zealand (1995) Proceedings of the 15th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 627-635; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Minimising environmental contamination by selecting appropriate herbicide dose (2002) Environmental Protection and Risk Assessment of Organic Contaminants, pp. 209-224. , Kookana RS, Sadler R, Sethunathan N, Naidu R. ed. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, USA; Rahman, A., Trolove, M.R., James, T.K., Efficacy and crop selectivity of topramezone for post-emergence weed control in maize (2013) Proceedings of the 24th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 470-476; Schonhammer, A., Freeitag, J., Koch, H., Topramazone - A new highly selective herbicide compound for control of warm season grasses and dicotyledonous weeds in maize (2006) Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, pp. 1023-1031; Soltani, N., Shropshire, C., Sikkema, P.H., Response of corn to preemergence and postemergence applications of saflufenacil (2009) Weed Technology, 23, pp. 331-334; Trolove, M.R., Rahman, A., Hagerty, G.C., James, T.K., Efficacy and crop selectivity of saflufenacil alone and with partner herbicides for weed control in maize (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 133-141 PY - 2014 SP - 298-303 ST - Soil residual activity and plant-back periods for the herbicides saflufenacil and topramezone T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Soil residual activity and plant-back periods for the herbicides saflufenacil and topramezone UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907810680&partnerID=40&md5=22273c02a1e02279fc8f106a10e09ead VL - 67 ID - 147 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New Zealand flower thrips (NZFT, Thrips obscuratus) is the most abundant pest on New Zealand apricots at harvest and is a quarantine pest for apricot export markets. Ethyl formate (EF) is a Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS) compound being investigated as a postharvest fumigant. This study determined the efficacy of EF+CO2(Vapormate™) treatments against NZFT and their impact on apricot fruit quality in shipping containers. NZFT adults and larvae on apricots were treated in field bins of apricots in a 28.2 m3refrigerated shipping container at 15°C for 1 h with 0.8-1.0% EF+CO2or 1.0-1.2% EF+CO2in Hawke's Bay and Central Otago, respectively. In Hawke's Bay the treatments resulted in 100% mortality of NZFT adults and larvae. In Central Otago, the treatments resulted in 100% mortality of NZFT adults and 98-100% larval mortality. Export grade apricot cultivars expressed no adverse effects on quality to this concentration of EF+CO2. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Wilson, A. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Hamilton, B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Chhagan, A., Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Zulhendri, F., Feng, R., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 63-74; Damcevski, K.A., Annis, P.C., Influence of grain and relative humidity on the mortality of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) adults exposed to ethyl formate vapour (2006) Journal of Stored Products Research, 42, pp. 61-74; De Lima, C., (2009) Fumigation of Table Grapes Using Ethyl Formate + Carbon Dioxide As a Quarantine Treatment, 53p. , Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia; De Lima, C., (2010) Fumigation Trials of Citrus Using Ethyl Formate + Carbon Dioxide As a Quarantine Treatment, 34p. , Department of Agiculture and Food, Western Australia; Desmarchelier, J.M., Johnston, F.M., Le Trang, V., Ethyl formate, formic acid and ethanol in air, wheat, barley and sultanas: Analysis of natural levels and fumigant residues (1999) Pesticide Science, 55, pp. 815-824; (2006) GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Database, , http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/GenerallyRecognizedasSafeGRAS/GRASSubstancesSCOGSDatabase/default.htm, accessed 20 April 2014; Finkelman, S., Lendler, E., Navarro, S., Navarro, H., Ashbell, G., New prospects for ethyl formate as a fumigant for the date industry (2010) 10th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection. 27 June-July 2010, Estoril, Portugal. Julius Kühn-Institut, Berlin, Germany, pp. 359-364. , http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JKA/issue/view/719; Leesch, J.G., Smilanick, J.L., Tebbets, J.S., Methyl bromide fumigation of packed table grapes: Effect of shipping box on gas concentrations and phytotoxicity (2008) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 49, pp. 283-286; MPI, (2013) New Zealand Maximum Residue Limits of Agricultural Compounds Food Standards 2013, , http://www.foodsafety.govt.nz/elibrary/industry/mrl-agricultural-compounds-amdt-2013.pdf, accessed 20 April 2014; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Mitcham, E.J., Effects of ethyl formate on fruit quality and target pest mortality for harvest strawberries (2004) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 34, pp. 313-319; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E.J., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 1084-1090; Tarr, C.R., Reuss, R., Clingeleffer, P.R., Annis, P.C., The use of ethyl formate for space fumigation of dried vine fruit (2007) Proceedings of An International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products. Gold-Coast, Australia. 8-13August 2004, pp. 193-205. , FTIC Ltd. Publishing, Israel; Xin, N., Ren, Y.L., Forrester, R.I., Ming, X., Mahon, D., Toxicity of ethyl formate to adult Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (2008) Journal of Stored Products Research, 44, pp. 241-246 PY - 2014 SP - 103-108 ST - Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips on export apricots using ethyl formate T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips on export apricots using ethyl formate UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907853754&partnerID=40&md5=21020bffb210f03d10cc9478588d2744 VL - 67 ID - 180 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A field study was conducted in November 2013 to assess the drift reduction potential of a three headed spray-hood unit with either DG95-02 or DG95-015 low-drift nozzles used with the hoods either on or off (DG nozzles calibrated at 0.6 litres/min). A standard treatment of 110-03 nozzles calibrated at 1.25 litres/min without hoods was the control. One tank mix of 0.4 g/litre PTSA (1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt) fluorescent dye was used for all treatments. Petri dishes and aluminium plate collectors were placed at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 m downwind in three lines spaced at 10 m. Collectors were placed in plastic bags under cool, dark storage until analysis. Results showed that total drift was reduced up to 99%, compared to the control, when the spray hoods where used. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Roten, R. L. AU - Ferguson, J. C. AU - Hewitt, A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Clayton, J.S., The Varidome precision band sprayer for row crops (2014) Aspects of Applied Biology, 122, pp. 55-62; Dill, G.M., CaJacob, C.A., Padgette, S.R., Glyphosate-resistant crops: Adoption, use and future considerations (2008) Pest Management Science, 64 (4), pp. 326-331; Fehringer, R.J., Cavaletto, R., Spray drift reduction with shrouded boom sprayers (1990) Proceeding of the 1990 International Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Columbus, Ohio, USA, pp. 1-9; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Woolley, D.J., Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 89-93; Hanks, J.E., Beck, J.L., Sensor-controlled hooded sprayer for row crops (1998) Weed Technology, 12 (2), pp. 308-314; Hoffman, W.C., Frintz, B.K., Ledebuhr, M.A., Evaluation of 1, 3, 6, 8-Pyrene tetra sulfonic acid tetra sodium salt (PTSA) as an agricultural spray tracer dye (2014) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 30 (1), pp. 25-28; Ozkan, H.E., Miralles, A., Sinfort, C., Zhu, H., Fox, R.D., Shields to reduce spray drift (1997) Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 67 (4), pp. 311-322; Ramsdale, B.K., Messersmith, C.G., Drift-reducing nozzle effects on herbicide performance (2001) Weed Technology, 15 (3), pp. 453-460; Sidahmed, M.M., Awadalla, H.H., Haidar, M.A., Symmetrical multi-foil shields for reducing spray drift (2004) Biosystems Engineering, 88 (3), pp. 305-312; Wolf, T.M., Grover, R., Wallace, K., Shewchuk, S.R., Maybank, J., Effect of protective shields on drift and deposition characteristics of field sprayers (1993) Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 73 (4), pp. 1261-1273; Womac, A.R., Goodwin, J.C., Hart, W.E., (1997) Tip Selection for Precision Application of Herbicides, , http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_agbulletin/430/, University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. accessed 1 April 2014 PY - 2014 SP - 274-277 ST - Drift reducing potential of low drift nozzles with the use of spray-hoods T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Drift reducing potential of low drift nozzles with the use of spray-hoods UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907818444&partnerID=40&md5=88e26a060e74b873bfa127b8a6e79699 VL - 67 ID - 151 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In culture, most isolates of Neonectria ditissima, the causal organism of European canker, do not produce conidia. Those that do, often produce single-celled conidia rather than the typical multi-celled conidia that are found in nature. A series of experiments was conducted to determine the conditions needed for conidium production. Four culture media (malt extract agar, modified Matsushima's medium (MM), apple sap amended water agar (ASAWA) and water agar), five light regimes, including darkness, near ultra violet (NUV) light and white fluorescent light, and three plate sealing patterns were tested. Subculturing onto MM in sealed plates, exposed to NUV light at 20°C for 3 weeks, resulted in 100% of isolates producing large numbers of viable conidia, of which 71% produced multi-celled conidia. Similarly, under a white fluorescent light/darkness regime, all isolates produced viable conidia on MM and ASAWA, and 100% and 97% of the isolates produced multicelled conidia, respectively. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Fisher, B. M. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Scheper, R.W.A., Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; Booth, C., (1967) Nectria Galligena. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, (147). , Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK; Dubin, H.J., English, H., Factors affecting apple leaf scar infection by Nectria galligena conidia (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 1201-1203; English, H., Dubin, H.J., Schick, F.J., Chemical control of European canker of apple (1979) Plant Disease Reporter, 63, pp. 998-1002; Etebu, E., Pasberg-Gauhl, C., Gauhl, F., Ayibo Daniel-Kalio, L., Effect of light and sealing pattern on sporulation and growth of Mycosphaerella fijiensis (2005) InfoMusa, 14, pp. 24-25; Lazarotto, M., Mezzomo, R., Maciel, C.G., Mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium chlamydosporum species complex under different culture conditions (2014) Amazonian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 57, pp. 35-40; Matsushima, T., A new medium for identification of hyphomycetes (1961) Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan, 2, pp. 118-120; Waite, B.H., Stover, R.H., Studies on Fusarium wilt of bananas VI. Variability and the cultivar concept in Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense (1960) Canadian Journal of Botany, 38, pp. 985-994; Xu, Y.G., Xu, J.Y., Fang, Z.D., Studies on sectoring in Fusarium graminearum Schw. causing wheat scab (1992) Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 22, pp. 11-14 PY - 2014 SP - 123-132 ST - Effect of culture medium, light and air circulation on sporulation of Neonectria ditissima T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of culture medium, light and air circulation on sporulation of Neonectria ditissima UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907809372&partnerID=40&md5=42c1b56bf01236d6abf9409ebf47c732 VL - 67 ID - 187 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During the 2013 spring two different nitrogen sources (calcium nitrate and Break-N™) were applied using a motorised knapsack sprayer to dormant blackcurrants with and without the addition of a super penetrant surfactant (Engulf®) for dormancy breaking. Trials were conducted in Nelson at two grower sites, consisting of Ben Ard and Magnus blackcurrant varieties. Bud break and flowering was advanced by 5-10 days with the combination of the super penetrant surfactant and either nitrogen source. A Nitrogen source applied alone did not influence bud break or flowering. The length of flowering was condensed on Magnus and a more even and earlier fruit maturity occurred on both varieties with the combination of the super penetrant surfactant and nitrogen. The importance of these findings for the blackcurrant industry is discussed. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Smith, J. T. AU - Follas, G. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (2011) Armobreak Information Booklet, 10p. , Etec Crop Solutions Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand; Atkinson, C.J., Brennan, R.M., Jones, H.G., Declining chilling and its impact on temperate perennial crops (2013) Environmental and Experimental Botany, 91, pp. 48-62; Gaskin, R.E., Manktelow, D.W.L., Steele, K.D., Adjuvant and application technologies to minimise off-target drift from kiwifruit sprays (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 217-222; Hardy, R.J., Field observations on the effects of currant bore moth (Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerk) Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae) on yield of black currants produced in Tasmania (1981) Scientia Horticulturae, 15, pp. 165-173; Jones, H.G., Brennan, R.M., Potential impacts of climate change on soft fruit production: The example of winter chill in Ribes (2009) Acta Horticulturae, 863, pp. 27-32; Langford, G.I., (1998) Blackcurrant Production Guide for Growers, 24p. , The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand; Langford, G.I., (2005) Pesticide Usage and Residue Testing in Blackcurrants, 21p. , Report prepared for Blackcurrant NZ Ltd. Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Langford, G.I., White, L., Blackcurrant maturity determination (1995) HortResearch Client Report, 12p. , Research report Commissioned by Blackcurrants NZ Ltd. The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand; Langford, G.I., Snelling, C., Braithwaite, B., Gibb, A., El Sayed, A., De Ruiter, J., Harris-Virgin, T., Thomas, W., (2004) Control of Currant Clearwing, 24p. , Research Report Commissioned by Blackcurrants NZ and Horticulture Australia. Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Snelling, C., Langford, G.I., The development of low chill blackcurrants from the New Zeland breeding programme (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 585, pp. 167-170; Snelling, C., Langford, G.I., Blackcurrant cultivar improvement (2003) HortResearch Client Report, 12p. , Research report Commissioned by Blackcurrants NZ Ltd. The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand; Snelling, C., Langford, G.I., Braithwaite, B., Blackcurrant cultivar improvement (2005) HortResearch Client Report, 13p. , Research report Commissioned by Blackcurrants NZ Ltd. The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, Lincoln, New Zealand; Walter, M., Obanor, F.O., Smith, J.T., Ford, C., Boyd-Wilson, K.S.H., Harris-Virgin, P., Langford, G.I., Timing of fungicide application for Botrytis cinerea control in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 114-122 PY - 2014 SP - 314-319 ST - Evaluation of Engulf® adjuvant with nitrogen for breaking dormancy in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of Engulf® adjuvant with nitrogen for breaking dormancy in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907816016&partnerID=40&md5=16851afb77673229ceed1453a342b99e VL - 67 ID - 163 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In response to a suspected fungicide resistance problem in the spring of 2013, 23 isolates of Zymoseptoria tritici (also known as Mycosphaerella graminicola) were collected from wheat fields showing symptoms of speckled leaf blotch around the lower North Island. EC50values for the collected isolates and three sensitive isolates against rates of azoxystrobin, epoxiconazole and isopyrazam were determined by growth in microplates as measured by light absorbance. Furthermore, greenhouse inoculations on fungicide-sprayed plants were conducted with selected isolates. Resistance to azoxystrobin appears widespread, as does reduced sensitivity to epoxiconazole. Most growers supplying the samples were using epoxiconazole as their standard cereal fungicide but at lower than label rates. A combination of conducive weather, low fungicide rates, resistance to azoxystrobin and reduced sensitivity to epoxiconazole is likely to have contributed to the disease epidemic. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Stewart, T. M. AU - Perry, A. J. AU - Evans, M. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (2013) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, 768p. , AgriMedia Limited, Wellington, New Zealand; Braithwaite, M., Alexander, B.J.R., Adams, R.L.M., Nationwide survey of pests and diseases of cereal and grass seed crops in New Zealand. 2. Fungi and Bacteria (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 51-59; Cools, H.J., Are azole fungicides losing ground against Septoria wheat disease? Resistance mechanisms in Mycosphaerella graminicola (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 681-684; Cools, H.J., Fraaje, B.A., Lucas, J.A., Molecular mechanisms correlated with changes in triazole sensitivity in isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola (2005) Proceedings of the BCPC International Congress, Crop Science & Technology, pp. 267-274; Cools, H.J., Mullins, J.G.L., Fraaije, B.A., Parker, J.E., Kelly, D.E., Lucas, J.A., Kelly, S.L., Impact of recently emerged sterol 14 -demethylase (CYP51) variants of Mycosphaerella graminicola on azole fungicide sensitivity (2011) Applied Environmental Microbiology, 77, pp. 3830-3837; Cools, H.J., Fraaije, B.A., Update on mechanisms of azole resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola and implications for future control (2013) Pest Management Science, 69, pp. 150-155; Eyal, Z., Scharen, A.L., Prescott, J.M., Van Ginkel, M., (1987) The Septoria Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management, , CIMMYT, Mexico; Eyal, Z., The Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum blotch diseases of wheat (1999) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 105, pp. 629-641; Foundation for Arable Research, Cereal Growth Stages. The link to disease management (2009) Foundation for Arable Research Booklet, (2), p. 27. , Spring; (2012) Cropping Strategies. A Summary of Recent Research Findings, (3), pp. 10-11. , http://www.far.org.nz/mm_uploads/FAR_strategy_issue_3_cereal_fungicide.pdf, Foundation for Arable Research booklet. Spring (accessed 15 May 2014); (2013) Crop Action, 59, pp. 6-7. , http://www.far.org.nz/mm_uploads/131206_Crop_Action_1.pdf, (6 December) (accessed 15 May 2014); Fraaije, B.A., Burnett, F.J., Clark, W.S., Motteram, J., Lucas, J.A., Resistance development to QoI inhibitors in populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola in the UK (2005) Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds IV, pp. 63-72. , BCPC, Alton, UK; Godwin, J.R., Young, J.E., Hart, C.A., ICIA5504: Effects on development of cereal pathogens (1994) Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Pests and Diseases, pp. 259-264; Hobbelen, P., Paveley, N., Van Den Bosch, F., The emergence of resistance to fungicides (2014) PLoS ONE, , http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0091910, accessed 16 June 2014; Jørgensen, L.N., Hovmøller, M.S., Hansen, J.G., Lassen, P., Clark, B., Bayles, R., Rodemann, B., Berg, G., IPM Strategies and their dilemmas including an introduction to www.Eurowheat.org (2014) Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13, pp. 265-281; Lucas, J., Resistance to QoI fungicides: Implications for cereal disease management in Europe (2006) Pesticide Outlook, 14, pp. 268-271; Marroni, M.V., Viljanen-Rollinson, R.C., Butler, R.C., Deng, Y., Fungicide timing for the control of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 160-165; (2013) National Climate Summary: September 2013, , https://www.niwa.co.nz/sites/niwa.co.nz/files/climate_summary_september_2013_final_0.pdf, accessed 16 June 2014; Quaedvlieg, W., Kema, G.H.J., Groenewald, J.Z., Verkley, G.J.M., Seifbarghi, S., Razavi, M., Gohari, A.M., Crous, P.W., Zymoseptoria gen. nov.: A new genus to accommodate Septoria-like species occurring on graminicolous hosts (2011) Persoonia, 26, pp. 57-69; Shaw, M.W., Royle, D.J., Factors determining the severity of epidemics of Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) on winter wheat in the UK (1993) Plant Pathology, 42, pp. 882-899; Siah, A., Deweer, C., Morand, E., Reignault, P., Halama, P., Azoxystrobin resistance of French Mycosphaerella graminicola strains assessed by four in vitro bioassays and by screening of G143A substitution (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 737-743; Skinner, W., Bailey, A., Renwick, A., Keon, J., Gurr, S., Hargreaves, J., A single amino-acid substitution in the iron-sulphur protein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase determines resistance to carboxin in Mycosphaerella graminicola (1998) Current Genetics, 34, pp. 393-398; Stammler, G., Semar, M., Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici) to DMI fungicides across Europe and impact on field performance (2011) OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 41, pp. 149-155; (2012) Grain and Seed Crops by Region (Year to 30th June), , http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/industry_sectors/agriculture-horticulture-forestry/2012-agricultural-census-tables/grain-and-arable.aspx, accessed 15 May 2014; Sierotzki, H., Scalliet, G., A review of current knowledge of resistance aspects for the next-generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (2013) Phytopathology, 103, pp. 880-887; Torriani, S.F.F., Brunner, P.C., McDonald, B.A., Sierotzki, H., QoI resistance emerged independently at least 4 times in European populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola (2009) Pest Management Science, 65, pp. 155-162; Van Den Bosch, F., Paveley, N., Shaw, M., Hobbelen, P., Oliver, R., The dose rate debate: Does the risk of fungicide resistance increase or decrease with dose? (2011) Plant Pathology, 60, pp. 597-606; Van Toor, R.F., Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Rahman, A., Teulon, D.A.J., Agrichemical use on wheat and barley crops in New Zealand in 2008-09 (2013) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 41, pp. 9-22; Wood, P.M., Hollomon, D.W., A critical evaluation of the role of alternative oxidase in the performance of strobilurin and related fungicides acting at the Qo site of Complex III (2003) Pest Management Science, 59, pp. 499-511; Ziogas, B.N., Baldwin, B.C., Young, J.E., Alternative respiration: A biochemical mechanism of resistance to azoxystrobin (ICIA 5504) in Septoria tritici (1997) Pesticide Science, 50, pp. 28-34 PY - 2014 SP - 304-313 ST - Resistance of Zymoseptoria tritici to azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole in the lower North Island of New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Resistance of Zymoseptoria tritici to azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole in the lower North Island of New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907818881&partnerID=40&md5=f7463558f196b659fd4f2b9a6ab0502f VL - 67 ID - 169 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Two glasshouse trials in a capsicum crop near Warkworth, New Zealand, in January 2011 and two field trials in a nectarine orchard near Lleida, Spain, in July 2013 were undertaken to determine if trap capture of Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips, WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips, OT) could be increased by alternative volatile compounds beyond the known thrips attractant, methyl isonicotinate (MI). On blue sticky board traps in the crop in New Zealand, none of six alternative compounds tested caught more thrips (mostly WFT, OT and two other species) than the Control traps. In contrast to MI, catches with the alternative lures were mostly significantly lower. For both trials in the orchard in Spain using white water traps, the highest numbers of WFT and OT were caught in traps with MI, significantly higher than the Control (up to 11x for both species) and higher than most of the nine alternative odour compounds tested. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Castañé, C. AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - El-Sayed, A. M. AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Gardner-Gee, R. AU - Poulton, J. AU - Kean, A. M. AU - Hall, C. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Sansom, C. E. AU - Suckling, D. M. AU - Perry, N. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2014), www.acros.be/DesktopModules/Acros_Search_Results/Acros_Search_Results.aspx?search_type=CatalogSearch&SearchString=methyl%20isonicotinate, accessed 19 May 2014; Broughton, S., Harrison, J., Evaluation of monitoring methods for thrips and the effect of trap colour and semiochemicals on sticky trap capture of thrips (Thysanoptera) and beneficial insects (Syrphidae, Hemerobiidae) in deciduous fruit trees in Western Australia (2012) Crop Protection, 42, pp. 156-163; Davidson, M.M., Butler, R.C., Winkler, S., Teulon, D.A.J., Pyridine compounds increase trap capture of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in a covered crop (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 56-60; Davidson, M.M., Perry, N.B., Larsen, L., Green, V.C., Butler, R.C., Teulon, D.A.J., 4-pyridyl carbonyl compounds as thrips lures: Effectiveness for western flower thrips in Y-tube bioassays (2008) Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 56, pp. 6554-6561; El-Sayed, A.M., Mitchell, V.J., McLaren, G.F., Manning, L.M., Bunn, B., Suckling, D.M., Attraction of New Zealand flower thrips, Thrips obscuratus, to cis-jasmone, a volatile identified from Japanese honeysuckle flowers (2009) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 35, pp. 656-663; El-Sayed, A.M., Mitchell, V.J., Suckling, D.M., 6-Pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one: A potent peach-derived kairomone for New Zealand flower thrips, Thrips obscuratus (2014) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 40, pp. 50-55; (2013) GenStat Reference Manual Release 16-3, Procedure Library PL22, , VSN International, Oxford; (2013) The Guide to GenStat Release 14 - Parts 1-3, , VSN International, Oxford; Hamilton, J.G.C., Hall, D.R., Kirk, W.D.J., Identification of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (2005) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 31, pp. 1369-1379; (2014) LUREM-TR, , www.koppert.com/products/monitoring, accessed 15 April 2014; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, 2nd Ed., , Chapman & Hall, London, UK; Mound, L.A., Walker, A.K., Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera) (1982) Fauna of New Zealand, 1, pp. 1-113. , Science Information Publishing Centre, Wellington; Moritz, G.M., Mound, L.A., Morris, D.C., Goldarazena, A., (2004) Pest Thrips of the World: Visual and Molecular Identification of Pest Thrips, , (CD-ROM), CBIT, University of Brisbane, Australia; Muntyan, E.M., Il'Ev, P.B., Batko, M.G., Yazlovetsky, I.G., Use of attractants for the control of Thrips tabaci Lind. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on onion in the greenhouse (2013) Agrokhimiya, 4, pp. 69-75. , in Russian; Chemical Abstracts Number CAN160:144548; Murai, T., Imai, T., Maekawa, M., Methyl anthranilate as an attractant for two thrips species and the thrips parasitoid Ceranisus menes (2000) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26, pp. 2557-2565; Niassy, S., Maniania, N.K., Subramanian, S., Gitonga, L.M., Ekesi, S., Performance of a semiochemical-baited autoinoculation device treated with Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Frankliniella occidentalis on French bean in field cages (2012) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 142, pp. 97-103; Penman, D.R., Osborne, G.O., Worner, S.P., Chapman, R.B., McLaren, G.F., A chemical attractant for Thrips obscuratus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in stonefruit in New Zealand (1982) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 8, pp. 1299-1303; (2013) Pherobank Catalogue, , http://www.pherobank.com/Documents/Pherobank%20catalogue%202013.pdf, accessed 15 April 2014; Sampson, C., Kirk, W.D.J., Can mass trapping reduce thrips damage and is it economically viable? Management of the western flower thrips in strawberry (2013) PLoS ONE, 8 (11), p. e80787; Teulon, D.A.J., Penman, D.R., Ramakers, P.M.J., Volatile chemicals for thrips (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) host-finding and applications for thrips pest-management (1993) Journal of Economic Entomology, 86, pp. 1405-1415; Teulon, D.A.J., Davidson, M.M., Hedderley, D.I., James, D.E., Fletcher, C.D., Larsen, L., Green, V.C., Perry, N.B., 4-pyridyl carbonyl and related compounds as thrips lures: Effectiveness for onion thrips and New Zealand flower thrips in field experiments (2007) Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 55, pp. 6198-6205; Teulon, D.A.J., Butler, R.C., James, D.E., Davidson, M.M., Odour-baited traps influence thrips capture in proximal unbaited traps in the field (2007) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 123, pp. 253-262; Teulon, D.A.J., Davidson, M.M., Perry, N.B., Nielsen, M.-C., Van Tol, R.W.H.M., De Kogel, W.J., Recent developments with methyl isonicotinate, a semiochemical used in thrips pest management (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, p. 287. , abstract only; Teulon, D.A.J., Davidson, M.M., Butler, R.C., Nielsen, M.-C., Effect of release rate and odour cross-contamination for semiochemical baited traps used in thrips pest management (2014) IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 102. , IOBC/WPRS Working Group 'Integrated Control in Glasshouses'. Ghent, Belgium in press; Wogin, M.J., Butler, R.C., Teulon, D.A.J., Davidson, M.M., Field response of onion thrips and New Zealand flower thrips to single and binary blends of thrips lures (2010) Canadian Entomologist, 142, pp. 75-79 PY - 2014 SP - 175-183 ST - Evaluation of new volatile compounds as lures for western flower thrips and onion thrips in New Zealand and Spain T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of new volatile compounds as lures for western flower thrips and onion thrips in New Zealand and Spain UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907848828&partnerID=40&md5=44f8fdcf79d5bf3dc4bf7c0a359ed262 VL - 67 ID - 185 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Minnee, E. M. K. AU - Cameron, C. A. PY - 2014 SP - 231-237 ST - Performance of sown species and weed ingress in new dairy pastures based on tall fescue and perennial ryegrass T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Performance of sown species and weed ingress in new dairy pastures based on tall fescue and perennial ryegrass VL - 67 ID - 1114 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Systemic movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) was investigated in inoculated potted kiwifruit vines in a greenhouse and in naturally infected mature vines in the orchard. In the potted vine experiment, trunks of 2-year-old Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A' on the rootstock A. deliciosa 'Bruno' were wound-inoculated with Psa. After 151 days Psa was detected up to 95 cm from the point of inoculation. Psa moved upwards and downwards within the trunks, and through the scion and the rootstock, at similar rates. In the orchard experiments, samples were taken from mature kiwifruit vines at intervals along the vines during autumn, winter and spring. Psa moved systemically throughout mature 'Hort16A' and A. deliciosa 'Hayward' kiwifruit vines and was detected in symptomless tissues. In both greenhouse and field situations, Psa was not inhibited by the graft union and was able to move into the rootstock and down to the base of the vine. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Curtis, C. L. AU - Manning, M. A. AU - Rees-George, J. AU - Snelgar, W. P. AU - Blattmann, P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anthony, R.M., Brown, T.J., French, G.L., Rapid diagnosis of bacteremia by universal amplification of 23S ribosomal DNA followed by hybridization to oligonucleotide array (2000) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, pp. 781-788; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Mohan, S.K., Schaad, N.W., An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and P. s. pv. phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed (1987) Phytopathology, 77, pp. 1390-1395; Momol, M.T., Norelli, J.L., Piccioni, D.E., Momol, E.A., Gustafson, H.L., Cummins, J.N., Aldwinckle, H.S., Internal movement of Erwinia amylovora through symptomless apple scion tissues into the rootstock (1998) Plant Disease, 82, pp. 646-650; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Scortichini, M., Epidemiology and predisposing factors of some major bacterial diseases of stone and nut fruit trees species (2010) Journal of Plant Pathology, 92, pp. S1.73-S1.78; Scortichini, M., Lazzari, M., Systemic migration of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Avellanae in twigs and young trees of hazelnut and symptom development (1996) Journal of Phytopathology, 144, pp. 215-219; Tyson, J.L., Rees-George, J., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., Fullerton, R.A., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 25-28 PY - 2014 SP - 41-47 ST - Systemic movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit vines in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Systemic movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit vines in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907841558&partnerID=40&md5=665beb16aab3cbb258b8881c1f9ea26d VL - 67 ID - 152 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Carbendazim can be used by New Zealand pipfruit growers for control of European canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima. A total of 162 N. ditissima isolates were tested for carbendazim sensitivity using a mycelial growth assay on amended malt extract agar plates at concentrations from 0-2 mg/litre. Generally, isolates ceased growth at 2 mg/litre carbendazim, with 65 isolates ceasing growth at 1 mg/litre. The EC50values calculated for 19 isolates ranged from 0.51 to 1.38 mg/litre. The data suggested that isolates ranged from sensitive (EC50<1 mg/litre) to having intermediate resistance (EC50=1-10 mg/litre carbendazim), based on comparison with other agar-based studies. Resistance in other fungi has been reported at carbendazim concentrations of >100 mg/litre. The isolates tested were mostly sensitive to carbendazim, but some showed a shift towards intermediate resistance. Mycelial growth tests at 2 mg/litre may be a useful tool to screen single spore isolates quickly for potential carbendazim resistance. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walter, M. AU - Stevenson, O. D. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - McLachlan, A. R. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beresford, R.M., (2004) Benzimidazole Management Strategy. Pesticide Resistance Strategies, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=fungicides/benzimidazole, New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc). accessed 4 April 2014; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Larsen, N.J., Fisher, B.M., Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four New Zealand apple-growing regions (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 274-283; Berger, R., Comparison of the Gompertz and Logistic Equations to describe plant disease progress (1981) Phytopathology, 71, pp. 716-719; Deising, H.B., Reimann, S., Pascholati, S., Mechanisms and significance of fungicide resistance (2008) Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39, pp. 286-295; (2004) Cases of Resistance to Benzimidazoles, , http://www.frac.info/work/2004-06-11Resistance_tables_Benz.pdf, (updated 24 May 2004). (accessed 2 April 2014); Katan, T.E., Shabi, E., Gilpatrick, J.D., Genetics of resistance to benomyl in Venturia inaequalis isolates from Israel and New York (1983) Phytopathology, 73, pp. 600-603; Koenraadt, H., Sommerville, S.C., Jones, A.L., Characterization of mutations in the beta-tubulin gene of benomyl-resistant field strains of Venturia inaequalis and other plant pathogenic fungi (1992) Phytopathology, 82, pp. 1248-1352; Leroux, P., Fritz, R., Debieu, D., Albertini, C., Lanen, C., Bach, J., Gredt, M., Chapeland, F., Mechanisms of resistance to fungicides in field strains of Botrytis cinerea (2002) Pest Management Science, 58, pp. 876-888; Manners, J.G., (1993) Principles of Plant Pathology. Second Edition, p. 240. , Cambridge University Press, UK; Marshall, H., Carbendazim (2002) Pesticides News, (57), pp. 20-21. , http://www.pan-uk.org/pestnews/Contents/pn57.htm, September 2002: (accessed 2 April 2014); Scheper, R.W.A., Stevenson, O.D., (2011) Protection of Leaf Scars from Infection with European Canker. Report for Pipfruit New Zealand Inc. Project HR08P01.48, SPTS No. 5528, 16p. , The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand; Scheper, R.W.A., Stevenson, O.D., (2012) Protection of Wounds of Apple from European Canker Infection at Budding and Heading Back. Report for Pipfruit New Zealand Inc. Project HR08P01.42, SPTS No. 6499, 18p. , The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland New Zealand; Scheper, R.W.A., Stevenson, O.D., Protection of apple budding wounds from European canker (2013) 19thAustralasian Plant Pathology Conference, 25-28 November 2013, Auckland, New Zealand, p. 70; Thind, T.S., (2012) Fungicide Resistance in Crop Protection: Risk and Management, , CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Weber, R.W.S., Palm, G., Resistance of storage rot fungi Neofabrae perennans, N. alba, Glomerallla acutata and Neonectria galligena against thiophanate-methyl in Northern German apple production (2010) Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 117 (4), pp. 185-191; Yarden, O., Katan, T., Mutations leading to substitutions at amino acids 198 and 200 of beta-tubulin that correlate with benomyl-resistance phenotypes of field strains of Botrytis cinerea (1993) Phytopathology, 83, pp. 1478-1483; Yoshimura, M.A., Luo, Y., Ma, Z., Michailides, T.Z., Sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola from stone fruit to thiophanate-methyl, iprodione, and tebuconazole (2004) Plant Disease, 88, pp. 373-378 PY - 2014 SP - 133-138 ST - Sensitivity of Neonectria ditissima to carbendazim fungicide in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Sensitivity of Neonectria ditissima to carbendazim fungicide in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907821109&partnerID=40&md5=f82ada495935db696a401a3e4cfd2cfb VL - 67 ID - 145 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Clover flea (Sminthurus viridis (L.) is a sporadic and at times serious pest of white clover in New Zealand. Clover flea feeding is reduced in the laboratory by application of foliar fertilisers. The possibility that this was related to potassium status was tested in outdoor conditions using potted clover plants sprayed with two general purpose fertilisers, Nitrosol® and Thrive®, potash, the insecticide diazinon and water. In one experiment, sprayed plants were placed in a paddock where clover flea were active while in the second, treated plants were surrounded by a barrier and clover flea released into the enclosure. Three treatments significantly reduced the incidence of feeding damage 7-9 days after treatment compared to the water treatment, with diazinon (42-57% reduction in the incidence of damage) more effective than Nitrosol® (26-44%) and potash (38%). There was no evidence the effect was related to potassium. Only Thrive® increased the amount of foliage. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Wilson, D. J. AU - Gerard, P. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Addison, P.J., Barker, G.M., Effect of various pesticides on the non-target species Microctonus hyperodae, a biological control agent of Listronotus bonariensis (2006) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 119, pp. 71-79; Amtmann, A., Troufflard, S., Armengaud, P., The effect of potassium nutrition on pest and disease resistance in plants (2008) Physiologia Plantarum, 133 (4), pp. 682-691; Bell, N.L., Willoughby, B.E., A review of the role of predatory mites in the biological control of lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola: Sminthuridae) and their potential use in New Zealand (2003) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 46, pp. 141-146; Castle, M.L., Crush, J.R., Rowarth, J.S., Effects of foliar and root applied nitrogen on nitrogen uptake and movement in white clover at low temperature (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 463-472; Clifford, P.T.P., Rolston, M.P., Mineral nutrient requirements for white clover seed production (1990) Journal of Applied Seed Production, 8, pp. 54-58; Dentener, P.R., (1985) The Ecology of the Lucerne Flea Sminthurus Viridus, in the South Auckland/Waikato Area, 289p. , PhD thesis, University of Waikato; Edmeades, D.C., Morton, J.D., Waller, J.E., Metherell, A.K., Roberts, A.H.C., Carey, P., The diagnosis and correction of potassium deficiency in New Zealand pastoral soils: A review (2010) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 53, pp. 151-173; Hardwick, S., Wilson, D.J., Willoughby, B.E., The effect of foliar fertilisers on clover flea (Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola: Sminthuridae)) survival (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, p. 316. , abstract only; Holdaway, F.G., (1927) The Bionomics of Smynthurus Viridis, Linn., the South Australian Lucerne Flea, 23p. , Pamphlet. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne, Commonwealth of Australia; Nansen, C., Sidumo, A.J., Martini, X., Stefanova, K., Roberts, J.D., Reflectance-based assessment of spider mite "bio-response" to maize leaves and plant potassium content in different irrigation regimes (2013) Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 97, pp. 21-26; Osman, A.A., Viglierchio, D.R., Meloidogyne incognita development on soybean treated with selected amino acids by alternate methods (1981) Revue de Nematologie, 4, pp. 172-174; Ovadia, A., Biton, R., Cohen, Y., Induced resistance to downy mildew and Fusarium wilt in cucurbits (2000) Acta Horticulturae, 510, pp. 55-59; Pottinger, R.P., Recent developments with pasture pests (1983) Proceedings of the 35th Ruakura Farmers' Conference, pp. 99-105; Roberts, J.M.K., Umina, P.A., Hoffmann, A.A., Weeks, A.R., Population dynamics and diapause response of the springtail pest Sminthurus viridis (Collembola: Sminthuridae) in Southeastern Australia (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, pp. 465-473; Townsend, R.J., Pottinger, R.P., Rowe, S.J., Evaluation of alternative insecticides for lucerne flea on pasture (1979) Proceedings of the 32nd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 68-71; Wallace, M.M.H., The ecology of Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola). I. Processes influencing numbers in pastures in Western Australia (1967) Australian Journal of Zoology, 15, pp. 1173-1206; Willoughby, B.E., Cooper, B., Panckhurst, K., Wilson, D.J., Combining chlorpyrifos and diflubenzuron for effective management of clover flea (Sminthurus viridis) (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 258-262; Young, S., (2013) New Zealand Novachem Agricultural Manual, 768p. , Agrimedia Ltd, Christchurch PY - 2014 SP - 245-249 ST - Investigating foliar fertiliser effects on the incidence of clover flea (Sminthurus viridis) damage on white clover T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Investigating foliar fertiliser effects on the incidence of clover flea (Sminthurus viridis) damage on white clover UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907816257&partnerID=40&md5=1cd3dd1addd0236d6761de0f7e1c7560 VL - 67 ID - 184 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Leaf scar wounds are important sites for Neonectria ditissima infection of apple trees. Monitoring leaf fall in 'Scilate'/Envy™ and 'Braeburn' trees to estimate leaf scar wound presence showed maximum leaf scar incidence occurred in June (early winter). Wounds detected in New Zealand apple orchards were bud scale scars, fruit thinning and picking wounds, leaf scars and pruning cuts. Picking wounds are caused during harvest where the pedicel is detached from the shoot. Susceptibility of these different types of wounds was determined using artificial inoculation of N. ditissima conidia during the season. Pruning cut wounds were the most susceptible, followed by fruit picking and thinning wounds and the least susceptible were leaf scar wounds. No infections were observed when bud scale wounds were inoculated. There was no difference in wound susceptibility between cultivars, but overall 'Scilate'/Envy™ wounds developed more lesions than 'Braeburn' wounds. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Walter, M. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Rwa, S., Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; Biggs, A.R., Responses of angiosperm bark tissues to fungi causing cankers and canker rots (1992) Defence Mechanisms of Woody Plants Against Fungi, pp. 41-61. , Biggs RA, Biggs AR ed Blanchette, Springer-Verlag (Berlin); Dubin, H.J., English, H., Factors affecting apple leaf scar infection by Nectria galligena (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 1201-1203; Heinrich, E., (1982) Untersuchungen Zum Obstbaumkrebs (N. Galligena Bres.).Wirksamkeit von Fungiziden und Standortabhangige Anfalligkeit des Baumes, p. 164p. , PhD thesis, Hannover University of Applied Science, Germany; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Srh, L., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; Metzler, B., Meierjohann, E., Kublin, E., Von Wuhlisch, G., Spatial dispersal of Nectria ditissima canker of beech in an international provenance trial (2002) Forest Pathology, 32, pp. 137-144; Rwa, S., Fisher, B.M., Comparing methods to determine European canker resistance in apple tree accessions (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 280. , (Abstract only); Swinburne, T.R., The seasonal release of spores of Nectria galligena from apple cankers in Northern Ireland (1971) Annals of Applied Biology, 69, pp. 97-104; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (Nectria galligena) (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Rws, W., Biology and control of the apple canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. Galligena) from a Northwestern European perspective (2014) Erwerbs-Obstbau, 56, pp. 95-107; Xu, X.-M., Butt, D.J., Ridout, M.S., The effects of inoculum dose, duration of wet period, temperature and wound age on infection by Nectria galligena of pruning wounds on apple (1998) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104, pp. 511-519; Zagaja, S.W., Millikan, D.F., Kaminski, W., Myszka, T., Field resistance to Nectria canker in apple (1971) Plant Disease Reporter, 55, pp. 445-447 PY - 2015 SP - 250-256 ST - Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960390223&partnerID=40&md5=73eb339dd4e7ebf18fa09ec117e63bed VL - 68 ID - 137 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Responses of adult Argentine stem weevil to meadow fescue-perennial ryegrass hybrids, known as Festulolium, infected with the endophyte Epichloë uncinata were investigated and compared with endophyte-free Grasslands Wana cocksfoot and Grasslands Samson perennial ryegrass, and with Samson infected with wild type and AR37 strains of Epichloë festucae var. lolii. Epichloë uncinata infection in the Festulolium seed-line reduced oviposition but not feeding compared with an endophyte-free seedline of the same plant genotype in Petri dish leaf-comb and potted plant assays. Feeding on Festulolium was similar to that on endophyte-free Samson but higher than on Samson infected with wild type and AR37 endophytes. In these experiments, the numbers of eggs laid on E. uncinata-infected plant material was similar to that on Samson perennial ryegrass infected with wild type and AR37 endophytes, but lower than on endophyte-free Samson. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Barker, G. M. AU - Patchett, B. J. AU - Gillanders, T. J. AU - Brown, G. S. AU - Montel, S. J. Y. AU - Cameron, N. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Grass host preferences of Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 86, pp. 1807-1816; Large-plot field evaluation of Neotyphodium uncinatum infected, loline-containing, meadow fescue-ryegrass hybrid grasses in pest-prone areas in Gippsland, Victoria. 3 Performance of Trial Plots in Year 2 (2012-2013) Post-establishment. Report to Cropmark Seeds Ltd. Darfield, New Zealand., p. 51p; Barker, G.M., Firth, A.C., Relative susceptibility to feeding by Argentine stem weevil among warm-season weed grasses (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 284-286; Barker, G.M., Pottinger, R.P., Addison, P.J., Prestidge, R.A., Effect of Lolium endophyte fungus infections on behaviour of adult Argentine stem weevil (1984) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 27, pp. 271-277; Blankenship, J.D., Spiering, M.J., Wilkinson, H.H., Fannin, F.F., Bush, L.P., Schardl, C.L., Production of loline alkaloids by the grass endophyte, Neotyphodium uncinatum, in defined media (2001) Photochemistry, 58, pp. 395-401; Firth, A.C., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Susceptibility of warm-season grasses to feeding and oviposition by the Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) (1993) Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 215-218; Gwinn, K.D., Collins-Shepard, M.H., Reddick, B.B., Tissue print-immunoblot, an accurate method for the detection of Acremonium coenophialum in tall fescue (1991) The American Phytopathological Society, 81, pp. 747-748; Hill, N.S., Hiatt, E.E., De Battista, J.P., Costa, M.C., Ch, G., Klap, J., Thorogood, D., Reeves, J.H., Seed testing for endophytes by microscopic and immunoblot procedures (2002) Seed Science and Technology, 30, pp. 347-355; Jensen, J.G., Popay, A.J., Tapper, B.A., Argentine stem weevil adults are affected by meadow fescue endophyte and its loline alkaloids (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 12-18; Kain, W.M., Slay, M.W., Wyeth, T.K., Occurrence and development of Argentine stem weevil (Hyperodes honariensis Kuschel) resistance in perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne) (1982) Proceedings of the 3rd Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 265-272. , Lee KE ed South Australian Government Printer, Adelaide; Kain, W.M., Wyeth, T.K., Gaynor, D.L., Slay, M.W., Argentine stem weevil (Hyperodes bonariensis Kuschel) resistance in perennial and hybrid ryegrass. I. Field resistance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) (1982) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 25, pp. 255-259; Patchett, B.J., (2007) Loline Alkaloids: Analysis and Effects on Sheep and Pasture Insects, , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Patchett, B.J., Chapman, R.B., Fletcher, L.R., Gooneratne, S.R., Endophyte-infected Festuca pratensis containing loline alkaloids deter feeding by Listronotus bonariensis (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 205-209; Popay, A.J., Jensen, J.G., Cooper, B.M., The effect of non-toxic endophytes in tall fescue on two major insect pests (2005) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 67, pp. 169-173; Popay, A.J., Lane, G.A., Effect of crude extracts containing loline alkaloids on two New Zealand insect pests (2000) Proceedings of the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, pp. 471-475. , Paul VH, Dapprich PD ed Soest, Germany; Popay, A.J., Gcm, L., Prospects for utilising endophytes for grass resistance to insect pests in New Zealand (1993) Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 129-135. , Prestidge RA ed AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand; Popay, A.J., Tapper, B.A., Podmore, C., Endophyte-infected meadow fescue and loline alkaloids affect Argentine stem weevil larvae (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 19-27; Popay, A.J., Wyatt, R.T., Resistance to Argentine stem weevil in perennial ryegrass infected with endophytes producing different alkaloids (1995) Proceedings of the 48th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 229-236 PY - 2015 SP - 212-217 ST - Feeding and oviposition by Argentine stem weevil on Epichloë uncinata-infected, loline-containing Festulolium T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Feeding and oviposition by Argentine stem weevil on Epichloë uncinata-infected, loline-containing Festulolium UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960351606&partnerID=40&md5=fc65e42c34a37012e4e4137d0c90a97c VL - 68 ID - 136 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Burnt pine longhorn (BPL), Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is an introduced species sometimes found in association with export logs and sawn timber. A rearing method was developed to produce larvae of a known age, number and quality for control trials. Growth of larvae from newly hatched to 5 weeks was measured on a standard cerambycid artificial diet and on modified diets. Replacing pine wood with pine bark sawdust increased survival at 5 weeks from 23% to 76% and mean weight from 9 to 21 mg. There were significant interactions between the influences of three factors (diet, period of rearing, initial larval density) on the weight of surviving larvae. Individual rearing was preferred for convenience and a standardised method was used to rear 8740 larvae for disinfestation trials. Establishment and survival to 6 weeks for these larvae was 97%. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Barrington, A. M. AU - Logan, D. P. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ashby, M.D., Singh, P., Clare, G.K., Cydia pomonella (1985) Handbook of Insect Rearing, pp. 237-248. , Singh P, Moore RF ed Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam; Banno, H., Yamagani, A., Life-cycle and larval survival rate of the redspotted longicorn beetle, Eupromus ruber (Dalman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1991) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 26, pp. 195-204; Brockerhoff, E.G., Hosking, G.P., Arhopalus tristis (E) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (=Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant)): Burnt pine longhorn beetle (2001) Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand, 27, pp. 1-8; Deepayan, S., (2008) Lattice: Multivariate Data Visualization with R, , Springer, New York. ISBN 978-0-387-75968-5; De Viedma, M.G., Notario, A., Baragano, J.R., Laboratory rearing of lignicolous Coleoptera (Cerambycidae) (1985) Lournal of Economic Entomology, 78, pp. 1149-1150; Garcia-Ruiz, E., Marco, V., Perez-Moreno, I., Laboratory rearing and life history of an emerging grape pest, Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (2012) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 102, pp. 89-96; Gardiner, L.M., Rearing wood-boring beetles (Cerambycidae) on artificial diet (1970) The Canadian Entomologist, 102, pp. 113-117; Hatchett, J.H., Lackson, R.D., Barry, R.M., Rearing a weed cerambycid, Dectes texanus, on an artificial medium, with notes on biology (1973) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66, pp. 519-522; Hosking, G.P., Bain, I., Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); Its biology in New Zealand (1977) New Zealand Lournal of Forestry Science, 7, pp. 3-15; Hosking, G.P., Hutcheson, J.A., Nutritional basis for feeding zone preference of Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1979) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 9, pp. 185-192; Ma, K., Pourable artificial diet for rearing Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and methods to optimize larval survival and synchronize development (2005) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98, pp. 536-547; Ma, K., Moore, P.M., Effects of temperature on Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae and pupae (2010) Environmental Entomology, 39, pp. 1323-1335; Lee, C.Y., Lo, K.C., Rearing of Anoplophora macularia (Thomson) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on artificial diets (1998) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 33, pp. 105-109; Nation, J.L., (2008) Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, p. 560p. , CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL; Pershing, J.C., Linit, M.J., Variation in number of instars of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (1989) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 61, pp. 370-378; Rogers, D.J., Lewthwaite, S.E., Dentener, P.R., Rearing huhu beetle larvae, Prionoplus reticularis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on artificial diet (2002) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 29, pp. 303-310; Shintani, Y., Quantitative short-day photoperiodic response in larval development and its adaptive significance in an adult-overwintering cerambycid beetle, Phytoecia rufiventris (2011) Journal of Insect Physiology, 57, pp. 1053-1059; Singh, P., Ashby, M.D., Hunter, J.R., A semiautomatic volumetric filling machine for dispensing insect diets (1983) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 10, pp. 413-418; Van Epenhuijsen, K., Somerfield, K.G., Hedderley, D., Rearing and storing Arhopalus ferus life stages in the laboratory for experimental purposes (2012) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 42, pp. 15-23; Wang, Y.-C., Zhang, S.-K., Ren, X.-B., Su, Y., Effects of dietary additives in artificial diets on survival and larval development of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (2014) Florida Entomologist, 97, pp. 1041-1048 PY - 2015 SP - 353-359 ST - A method for rearing Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae on a modified artificial diet T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A method for rearing Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae on a modified artificial diet UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960360641&partnerID=40&md5=aa1314b663a04cff7379e3fbc905b3a1 VL - 68 ID - 127 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sitona obsoletus is a serious pasture pest in New Zealand where its root-feeding larvae reduce white clover cover and nitrogen fixation. To maintain production, farmers may compensate by increasing inputs. The parasitic wasp Microctonus aethiopoides Loan was introduced for biological control of S. obsoletus and achieved parasitism rates exceeding 70%. In Southland, where S. obsoletus was first detected in 2010, unusually severe and prolonged infestations during 2013 and 2014 prompted intensive biological control releases in 2014 and 2015. This study evaluated if they were cost effective in 2015. On dairy farms biological control returned $14.78/ha/year or $2.3 million over the 158,017 ha. On sheep and beef farms, the estimated return was $6.86/ha/year or $4.7 million over 719,854 ha. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate returns ($/ha/year) using plausible ranges of model parameter values, and returns were positive in at least 97.5% of simulations. Biological control of S. obsoletus has returned a net benefit in Southland. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Basse, B. AU - Phillips, C. B. AU - Hardwick, S. AU - Kean, J. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Andrews, E.D., Cobalt concentrations in some New Zealand fodder plants grown on cobalt-sufficient and cobalt-deficient soils (1966) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 9, pp. 829-838; (2000) Protecting Stock from Facial Eczema: The Role of Pasture Species. Beef +Lamb New Zealand R&D Brief Number 74, p. 2. , http://www.beeflambnz.com/Documents/Farm/Protecting%20stock%20from%20facial%20eczema%20-%20the%20role%20of%20pasture%20species.pdf, Anonymous (accessed 21 May 2015); (2015) South Island Dairying Development Center, , www.siddc.org.nz, Anonymous (accessed 26 March 2015); (2013) Agribase Database Version 2013, , http://www.asurequality.com/capturing-information-technology-across-the-food-supply-chain/agribase-database-of-new-zealand-rural-properties.cfm, AsureQuality AsureQuality Wellington, New Zealand; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Firth, A.C., Bip, B., Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal newly established in New Zealand: Assessment of distribution in the North Island (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 266-269; Bip, B., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.I., Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential clover pest new to New Zealand (1996) New Zealand Entomologist, 19, pp. 23-30; Barlow, N.D., Goldson, S.L., Alien invertebrates in New Zealand in New Zealand (2002) Biological Invasions: Economic and Environmental Costs of Alien Plants and Microbe Species., pp. 195-216. , Pimental D ed; (2015) Sheep and Beef Farm Survey, , http://www.beeflambnz.com/information/on-farm-data-and-industry-production/sheep-beef-farm-survey/ssi, (accessed 14 April 2015); Burtt, E.S., (1990) Financial Budget Manual 1990, p. 432p. , Department of Farm Management, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 1992 (1992) Farm Management Department, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 528p; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 1996 (1996) Department of Farm and Horticultural Management, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 597p; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 1997 (1997) Department of Farm and Horticultural Management, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 590p; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 1998 (1998) Applied Management and Computing Division, Farm Management Group, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 610p; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 1999 (1999) Applied Management and Computing Division, Farm Management Group, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 648p; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 2000 (2000) Applied Management and Computing Division, Farm Management Group, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 680p; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 2002 (2002) Lincoln University. Applied Management and Computing Division, Farm Management Group, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 701p; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 2004 (2004) Applied Management and Computing Division, Farm Management Group, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 705p; Burtt, E.S., Financial budget manual 2006 (2006) Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, Agriculture Group, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 706p; Burtt, E.S., Fleming, P.H., Financial budget manual 1991 (1991) Farm Management Department, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 488p; Burtt, E.S., Fleming, P.H., Financial budget manual 1993 (1993) Farm Management Department, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 575p; Burtt, E.S., Fleming, P.H., Financial budget manual 1994 (1994) Farm Management Department, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 583p; Burtt, E.S., Oliver, I.R., Financial budget manual 1995 (1995) Department of Farm and Horticultural Management Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 590p; Carnell, R., (2015) Package Triangle: Standard Distribution Functions for the Triangle Distribution, , http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/triangle/index.html; Chaston, T., Financial budget manual 2008 (2008) Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, Agriculture Group, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 693p; Dooley, E., Lovatt, S., (2013) Research Impact Analysis: Clover Root Weevil Parasitoid. AgResearch Internal Report, p. 8p. , AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand; Conditional release from containment: The Irish strain of the parasitic wasp Microctonus aethiopoides for biological control of Sitona lepidus (clover root weevil) (2005) Environmental Risk Management Authority, Wellington, New Zealand., p. 75p. , ERMA; Ferguson, C.M., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Hardwick, S., Barton, D.M., Kean, J.M., Status of clover root weevil and its biocontrol agent in the South Island after six years (2012) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 74, pp. 171-175; Gerard, P., Eden, T., Wilson, D., Burch, G., Distribution of the clover root weevil biocontrol agent in the North Island of New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 24-30; Gerard, P.J., Hardwick, S., Addison, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., Goldson, S.L., The bionomics of an invasive species Sitona lepidus during its establishment in New Zealand (2009) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 100, pp. 339-346; Goldson, S.L., Phillips, C.B., McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., Cane, R.P., Importation to New Zealand quarantine of a candidate biological control agent of clover root weevil (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 147-151; Hardwick, S., Addison, P.J., Jpj, E., Gerard, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., Factors influencing the rate of spread and impact of clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New Zealand (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 147-154; Lambert, M.G., Clark, D.A., Litherland, A.J., Advances in pasture management for animal productivity and health (2004) New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 52, pp. 311-319; Ledgard, S.F., Penno, J.W., Sprosen, M.S., Nitrogen inputs and losses from grass/clover pastures grazed by dairy cows, as affected by nitrogen fertiliser application (1999) Journal of Agricultural Science, 132, pp. 215-225; Pangborn, J., Financial budget manual 2010 (2010) Faculty of Commerce, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 665p; Phillips, C.B., Goldson, S.L., Reimer, L., Kuhlmann, U., Progress in the search for biological control agents of clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2000) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, pp. 541-548; Phillips, C.B., McNeill, M.R., Hardwick, S., Vink, C.J., Kean, J.K., Bewsell, D., Ferguson, C.M., Stuart, B., Clover root weevil in the South Island: Detection, response and current distribution (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 209-216; Phillips, C.B., McNeill, M.R., Hardwick, S., Ferguson, C.M., Kean, J.M., South Island distributions of clover root weevil and its biocontrol agent (2010) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association, 72, pp. 227-232; R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, , http://www.r-project.org, R Development Core Team 2014 (accessed 14 April 2015); Sherrell, G.C., Effect of cobalt application on the cobalt status of pastures 2. Pastures without previous cobalt application (1990) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 33, pp. 305-311; Sinclair, S., Rennie, G., (2014) An Economic Assessment of the Impact of Plant-parasitic Nematodes on Legume/grass Pastoral Systems in New Zealand: Interim On-farm Decision Support Modelling Appraisal, p. 12p. , AgResearch internal report. AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand; Watkin, B.R., Wheeler, J.L., Some factors affecting earthworm populations under pasture (1966) Grass and Forage Science, 21, pp. 829-838; Weir, S., Andrews, G., (2005) Clover Root Weevil Economic Impact Assessment, p. 35p. , Report to Biosecurity New Zealand and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. New Zealand Institute of Economic Research (NZIER); White, T.A., Gerard, P.J., Modelling the farm scale impacts of clover root weevil herbivory (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 312-316; Willoughby, B.E., Goldson, S.L., Addison, S.L., Hardwick, S., Gerard, P.J., Jpj, E., Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus); The New Zealand response to a major security breach (1999) Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 35-42 PY - 2015 SP - 218-226 ST - Economic benefits of biological control of Sitona obsoletus (clover root weevil) in Southland pasture T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Economic benefits of biological control of Sitona obsoletus (clover root weevil) in Southland pasture UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960329802&partnerID=40&md5=36bc256900d1b2c2641cbb0dfd069b8b VL - 68 ID - 117 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Take-all (causal agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) is one of the most important soil-borne diseases of wheat. Greenhouse screening of microorganisms for disease suppression was conducted, using a targeted approach that focused on the fungal genus Trichoderma. In spite of indications of disease suppression in preliminary assays, effective biocontrol was not observed in subsequent tests. Explanations for this apparent loss of disease suppression could include insufficient numbers of potential biocontrol agents screened during the selection process or the issue of false-positive (type 1 error) results. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Bienkowski, D. AU - Hicks, E. E. AU - Braithwaite, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bateman, G.L., Gutteridge, R.J., Jenkyn, J.F., Self, M.M., Effects of fluquinconazole and silthiofam, applied as seed treatments to single or consecutive crops of wheat, on take-all epidemic development and grain yields (2008) Annals of Applied Biology, 152, pp. 243-254; Beale, R.E., Phillion, D.P., Headrick, J.M., O'Reilly, P., Cox, J., MON65500: A unique fungicide for the control of take-all in wheat (1998) Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Pests & Diseases, Volume 2. Proceedings of An International Conference, Brighton, UK, pp. 6-19. , 16-19 November 1998; Campbell, R., Biological control of soil-borne diseases: Some present problems and different approaches (1994) Crop Protection, 13, pp. 4-13; Cook, R.J., Take-all of wheat (2003) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 62, pp. 73-86; Duffy, B.K., Simon, A., Weller, D.M., Combination of Trichoderma koningii with fluorescent pseudomonads for control of take-all on wheat (1996) Phytopathology, 86, pp. 188-194; Duffy, B.K., Ownley, B.H., Weller, D.M., Soil chemical and physical properties associated with suppression of take-all of wheat by Trichoderma koningii (1997) Phytopathology, 87, pp. 1118-1124; Ghisalberti, E.L., Narbey, M.J., Dewan, M.M., Sivasithamparam, K., Variability among strains of Trichoderma harzianum in their ability to reduce take-all and to produce pyrones (1990) Plant and Soil, 121, pp. 287-291; Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I., Lorito, M., Trichoderma species-Opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts (2004) Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2, pp. 43-56; Nasraoui, B., Hajlaoui, M., Gargouri, S., Kremer, R., Biological control of wheat take-all disease: II-Rapid screening for selection of bacteria suppressive to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Ttritici in laboratory with greenhouse and field confirmation trials (2007) Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection, 2, pp. 35-46; Pliego, C., Ramos, C., De Vicente, A., Cazorla, F.M., Screening for candidate bacterial biocontrol agents against soilborne fungal plant pathogens (2011) Plant and Soil, 340, pp. 505-520; Powell, K.A., Faull, J.L., Commercial approaches to the use of biological control agents (1989) Biotechnology of Fungi for Improving Plant Growth, pp. 259-275. , Whipps JM, Lumsden RD ed Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Renwick, A., Campbell, R., Coe, S., Assessment of in vivo screening systems for potential biocontrol agents of Gaeumannomyces graminis (1991) Plant Pathology, 40, pp. 524-532; Stewart, A., Ohkura, M., McLean, K.L., Targeted screening for microbial bioactivity (2010) Microbial Products: Exploiting Microbial Diversity for Sustainable Plant Production, pp. 11-19. , Zydenbos SM, Jackson TA ed New Zealand Plant Protection Society Inc., Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2015 SP - 166-172 ST - Wheat take-all: Lessons learned during a search for effective biological control T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Wheat take-all: Lessons learned during a search for effective biological control UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960448931&partnerID=40&md5=22045d0e65c2b56a8189299fe1e8bc83 VL - 68 ID - 119 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The asexual form of the grape powdery mildew, Erysiphe necator, has been present in New Zealand for over 100 years. In 2013 the sexual stage was reported for the first time in vineyards in Hawke's Bay associated with increased disease issues. This paper presents an initial genetic analysis of New Zealand populations compared to known populations overseas and tentatively identifies two haplotypes new to New Zealand. Initial analysis of mating-type ratios indicates only one of these haplotypes is sexually reproducing. A better understanding of the fundamental character of the New Zealand populations of Erysiphe necator is needed before an accurate assessment can be made of the practical impact that the introduction of the sexual stage has had on disease incidence and control. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Cooper, J. A. AU - Park, D. AU - Johnston, P. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Araya, C., Rosales, I.M., Ma, M., Delmotte, F., Identification and geographic distribution of genetic groups of Erysiphe necator in Chilean vineyards (2014) Vitis, 53, pp. 163-165; Brewer, M.T., Milgroom, M.G., Phylogeography and population structure of the grape powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe necator, from diverse Vitis species (2010) BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, p. 268; Brewer, M.T., Cadle-Davidson, L., Cortesi, P., Spanu, P.D., Milgroom, M.G., Identification and structure of the mating-type locus and development of PCR-based markers for mating type in powdery mildew fungi (2011) Fungal Genetics and Biology, 48, pp. 704-713; Gadgil, P.D., Fungi on Trees and Shrubs in New Zealand (2005) Fungi of New Zealand Volume 4, , Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong; Gadoury, D.M., Wilcox, W.F., Rumbolz, J., Gubler, W.D., Powdery Mildew (2012) Compendium of Grapevine Diseases (2nd Edn.), , Wilcox WF, Gubler WD, Uyemoto J ed APS Press, St. Paul, Minn., USA; Gadoury, D.M., Cadle-Davidson, L., Wilcox, W.F., Dry, I.B., Seem, R.C., Milgroom, M.G., Grapevine powdery mildew {Erysiphe necator): A fascinating system for the study of the biology, ecology, and epidemiology of an obligate biotroph (2012) Molecular Plant Pathology, 13, pp. 1-16; Hudson, D.H., Bryant, D., Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies (2006) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23, pp. 254-267; Johnston, P.R., Cooper, J.A., Park, D., Sutherland, P.W., Wood, P.N., Sexual state of grape powdery mildew {Erysiphe necator) newly recorded for New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, p. 324. , (abstract only); Legler, S.E., Caffi, T., Rossi, V., A model for the development of Erysiphe necator chasmothecia in vineyards (2014) Plant Pathology, 63, pp. 911-921; Montarry, J., Cartolaro, P., Richard-Chevera, S., Delmotte, F., Spatio-temporal distribution of Erysiphe necator genetic groups and their relationship with disease levels in vineyards (2009) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 123, pp. 61-70 PY - 2015 SP - 389-395 ST - An initial genetic characterisation of the grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) in New Zealand associated with recent reports of the sexual stage T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - An initial genetic characterisation of the grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) in New Zealand associated with recent reports of the sexual stage UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960411518&partnerID=40&md5=e267593fbae46317919af075937d9916 VL - 68 ID - 86 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Preventing Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, from entering pruning wounds would reduce disease incidence and facilitate canopy management. Antibacterial activity against Psa has been determined in the laboratory for active ingredients commercially available in New Zealand. Only tebuconazole, tebuconazole with octhilinone and a formulation of cyproconazole and iodocarb killed Psa on agar plates or in liquid medium. However, only tebuconazole with octhilinone killed Psa within 5 min. Psa was detected by polymerase chain reaction following plating on instruments used for applying wound protectants in an infected orchard. This suggests that under some conditions the pathogen could be transferred from vine to vine when applying some wound protectants. Addition of streptomycin sulphate to tebuconazole or a formulation of cyproconazole and iodocarb did not result in a rapid and complete kill of Psa similar to that with a commercial formulation of streptomycin applied alone. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Cornish, D. A. AU - Yu, J. AU - Oldham, J. M. AU - Benge, J. AU - Max, W. AU - Vanneste, J. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Carroll, J., Robinson, T., Burr, T., Hoying, S., Cox, K., Evaluation of pruning techniques and bactericides to manage bacterial canker of sweet cherry (2010) New York Fruit Quaterly, 18, pp. 9-15; Cunty, A., Poliakoff, F., Rivoal, C., Cesbron, S., Fischer-Le Saux, M., Lemaire, C., Ma, J., Vanneste, J.L., Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa) isolated from France and assignment of Psa biovar 4 to a de novo pathovar: Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidifoliorum pv. Nov (2015) Plant Pathology, 64, pp. 582-596; Dowlut, S., Karnik, F., Brown, F., Judd, M., (2013) In Vitro Study of Psa Survival in Wound Protectants, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/99018, (accessed 22 April 2015); Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Ma, M., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Kennelly, M.M., Cazorla, F.M., De Vicente, A., Ramos, C., Sundin, G.W., Pseudomonas syringae diseases of fruit trees-Progress toward understanding and control (2007) Plant Disease, 91, pp. 4-17; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., De, R., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Ips, P., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Vanneste, J.L., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae(Psa): A threat to the New Zealand and global kiwifruit industry (2012) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 40, pp. 265-267; Vanneste, J.L., Recent progress on detecting, understanding and controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae: A short review (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 170-177; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Molecular characterisations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae strains isolated from the recent outbreak of bacterial canker on kiwifruit in Italy (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 7-14; Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Yu, J., Stokes, C.A., First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae the Causal Agent of Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit on Actinidia arguta Vines in New Zealand (2014) Plant Disease, 98, p. 418; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Tanner, D.J., Windner, R., Chapman, J.R., Taylor, R.K., Dowlut, S., Identification, virulence and distribution of two biovars of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in New Zealand (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 708-719 PY - 2015 SP - 332-339 ST - In vitro inhibition of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae by wound protectants T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - In vitro inhibition of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae by wound protectants UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960433932&partnerID=40&md5=4c992eee4ce980e02303510a72205ad2 VL - 68 ID - 88 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Shelterbelts of Pinus radiata and Cupressus macrocarpa are common landscape features on arable farmland in New Zealand. This study aimed to determine whether such shelterbelts could influence the relative abundance and diversity of beneficial and pest invertebrates commonly found in arable crops. Window intercept, yellow sticky and pitfall traps were placed next to shelterbelts or post and wire fences and also 50 m from these borders into adjacent crops on two arable farms in Canterbury and one in Wairarapa over 1-2 weeks in summer 2012 and autumn 2013. The abundance of given species/taxa varied considerably depending on farm location, season and field border type. However, the mean number of beneficial insect species/taxa per trap did not vary markedly between field border types or adjacent crops, while traps at shelterbelts or their adjacent crops caught more of some pest species/taxa than traps beside fences. The pine/macrocarpa shelterbelts did not markedly increase relative abundance or diversity of beneficial insects. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Taylor, N. M. AU - Walker, M. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bowie, M.H., Klimaszewski, J., Vink, C.J., Hodge, S., Wratten, S.D., Effect of boundary type and season on predatory arthropods associated with field margins on New Zealand farmland (2014) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 41, pp. 268-284; Garibaldi, L.A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Ma, A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S.A., Kremen, C., Klein, A.M., Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance (2013) Science, 339, pp. 1608-1611; Horrocks, A., Davidson, M.M., Daj, T., Home, P.A., Demonstrating an integrated pest management strategy in autumn-sown wheat to arable farmers (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 47-54; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Donovan, B.J., Daj, T., Window traps and direct observations record similar arthropod flower visitor assemblages in two mass flowering crops (2009) Journal of Applied Entomology, 133, pp. 553-564; Howlett, B.G., Davidson, M.M., Mathers, D., Pyke, N.B., Hedgerow plants to support crop pollination and pest management (2013) The Weta, 46, pp. 3-12; Lemmers, P., Davidson, M.M., Butler, R.C., Relative abundance of introduced European birds varies with field margin type on arable farms in Canterbury, New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 41, pp. 203-209; Price, L.W., Hedges and shelterbelts on the Canterbury plains, New Zealand: Transformation of an antipodean landscape (1993) Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 83, pp. 119-140; Rader, R., Howlett, B.G., Cunningham, S.A., Westcott, D.A., Edwards, W., Spatial and temporal variation in pollinator effectiveness: Do unmanaged insects provide consistent pollination services to mass flowering crops? (2012) Journal of Applied Ecology, 49, pp. 126-134; Walker, M.K., Howlett, B.G., Butler, R.C., (2008) The Effect of Landscape Features on Pollinator Distribution in A Canterbury Agroecosystem. Plant & Food Research Confidential, p. 25p. , Report No 2102 for the Foundation for Arable Research. Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Wratten, S.D., Bowie, M.H., Hickman, J.M., Evans, A.M., Sedcole, J.R., Tylianakis, J.M., Field boundaries as barriers to movement of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in cultivated land (2003) Oecologia, 134, pp. 605-611 PY - 2015 SP - 367-372 ST - The influence of shelterbelts in arable farmland on beneficial and pest invertebrates T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The influence of shelterbelts in arable farmland on beneficial and pest invertebrates UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960450699&partnerID=40&md5=bbd85c3751931ae73cdb77bc7abfbdc9 VL - 68 ID - 138 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Dynamic pathogen complexes can develop under pastures, thereby substantially reducing potential productivity. Suppression of such pathogen complexes is therefore of great importance, and bioassays can quantify disease suppression in soils. This study describes the development of a pasture-relevant system: Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-1 induced damping-off (wirestem) of kale (Brassica oleracea). As kale is not a component of traditional ryegrass clover pasture swards, the assay allows assessment of general disease suppression, considered more enduring in multiple-host-multiple-pathogen systems. A pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani isolate was obtained from New Zealand pastoral soil. Inoculation of soils with this isolate resulted in a level of damping-off disease comparable to that induced by reference Rhizoctonia solani isolate Rs043-2. Significantly different levels of inoculum-induced disease incidence and progression were found in four distinct pastoral soils. In combination with soil physicochemical data and environmental DNA approaches, this bioassay can be used to further advance understanding of the influence of farm management practices on disease suppression in pasture soils. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Dignam, B. E. A. AU - O'Callaghan, M. AU - Condron, L. M. AU - Raaijmakers, J. M. AU - Kowalchuk, G. A. AU - Wakelin, S. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Almario, J., Moenne-Loccoz, Y., Muller, D., Monitoring of the relation between 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas and Thielaviopsis basicola populations by real-time PCR in tobacco black root-rot suppressive and conducive soils (2013) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 57, pp. 144-155; Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., Lipman, D.J., Basic local alignment search tool (1990) Journal of Molecular Biology, 215 (3), pp. 403-410; Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K., He, Z.L., Nutrient use efficiency in plants (2001) Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32 (7-8), pp. 921-250; Bienkowski, D., Stewart, A., Falloon, R., Braithwaite, M., Loguercio, L., Hicks, E., A disease assay for Rhizoctonia solani on potato {Solatium tuberosum) (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 133-137; Broders, K., Parker, M.L., Melzer, M., Boland, G.J., Phylogenetic diversity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with canola and wheat in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (2014) Plant Disease, 98 (12), pp. 1695-1701; De, C.L., Sumner, D.R., Rhizoctonia (1992) Methods for Research on Soilborne Phytopathogenic Fungi, pp. 157-165. , Singleton LL, Mihail JD, Rush CM ed American Phytopathological Society, Minnesota, USA; Das, S., Shah, F., Butler, R., Falloon, R., Stewart, A., Raikar, S., Pitman, A., Genetic variability and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with black scurf of potato in New Zealand (2014) Plant Pathology, 63 (3), pp. 651-666; Falloon, R.E., Fungi pathogenic to ryegrass seedlings (1985) Plant and Soil, 86 (1), pp. 79-86; Garbeva, P., Postma, J., Van Veen, J., Van Elsas, J., Effect of above-ground plant species on soil microbial community structure and its impact on suppression of Rhizoctonia solani AG3 (2006) Environmental Microbiology, 8 (2), pp. 233-246; Harvey, I.C., Harvey, B.M., Pasture diseases in New Zealand (2009) Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand., p. 144p; Hewitt, A.E., (1998) New Zealand Soil Classification. Landcare Research Science Series No.l, 2nd Edition, p. 133p. , Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand; Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Duran, C., Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data (2012) Bioinformatics, 28 (12), pp. 1647-1649; Keinath, A.P., Farnham, M.W., Differential cultivars and criteria for evaluating resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in seedling Brassica oleracea (1997) Plant Disease, 81 (8), pp. 946-952; Lamprecht, S.C., Tewoldemedhin, Y.T., Calitz, F.J., Mazzola, M., Evaluation of strategies for the control of canola and lupin seedling diseases caused by Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 130 (3), pp. 427-439; (2007) Environment New Zealand 2007, pp. 217-223. , Ministry for the Environment Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand; Mendes, R., Kruijt, M., De Bruijn, I., Dekkers, E., Van Der Voort, M., Jhm, S., Piceno, Y.M., Raaijmakers, J.M., Deciphering the rhizosphere microbiome for disease-suppressive bacteria (2011) Science, 332 (6033), pp. 1097-1100; Ogoshi, A., Ecology and pathogenicity of anastomosis and intraspecific groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (1987) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 25 (1), pp. 125-143; Raaijmakers, J.M., Paulitz, T.C., Steinberg, C., Alabouvette, C., Moenne-Loccoz, Y., The rhizosphere: A playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms (2009) Plant and Soil, 321 (1-2), pp. 341-361; Sarathchandra, S.U., Watson, R.N., Skipp, R.A., Burch, G., Brown, J.A., Cox, N.R., Microbial pathogens and plant parasitic nematodes in pastures with declining vigour (2000) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, pp. 549-558; Skipp, R.A., Christensen, M.J., Fungi invading roots of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in pasture (1989) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 32, pp. 423-431; Skipp, R.A., Watson, R.N., Disease complexes in New Zealand pastures (1996) Pasture and Forage Crop Pathology: Proceedings of A Trilateral Workshop Held at the Mississippi State University, Mississippi, pp. 429-451. , Chakraborty S, Leath KT, Skipp RA, Pederson GA, Bray RA, Latch GCM, Nutter FW ed 10-13 April 1995. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Wisconsin, USA; Skipp, R.A., Sarathchandra, S., Bioindicator tests of pathogen potential and disease suppressiveness of pasture soil (1999) Proceedings of the First Australasian Soil-Borne Disease Symposium. BSES, Brisbane, Australia., pp. 146-147. , Magarey RC ed; Stewart, A.V., Jfl, C., (2006) Pasture and Forage Plants for New Zealand. Grassland Research and Practice Series No 8, 3rd Edition, p. 128p. , New Zealand Grassland Association, Dunedin, New Zealand; Waipara, N.W., Di Menna, M.E., Alj, C., Skipp, R.A., Potential pathogenicity of pasture plant root-colonising fungi to seedlings of legumes and grasses (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 212-215; Weller, D.M., Raaijmakers, J.M., McSpadden Gardener, B.B., Thomashow, L.S., Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens (2002) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40, pp. 309-348; White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics (1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, pp. 315-322. , Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ ed Academic Press, New York, USA PY - 2015 SP - 151-159 ST - A bioassay to compare the disease suppressive capacity of pasture soils T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A bioassay to compare the disease suppressive capacity of pasture soils UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84954245451&partnerID=40&md5=3f6d27b0e4dd64c36c68a521898b8b4b VL - 68 ID - 124 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the 2012-13 and 2013-14 seasons septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici was poorly controlled in autumn sown wheat in Canterbury. In 2014-15, a low disease pressure season, three trials were conducted to define the protectant and curative properties of two applications of triazole demethylation inhibitor inhibitor (DMI) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides for the control of STB at growth stage 31 and 39 on two cultivars of autumn sown wheat. The protectant activity of triazole and SDHI fungicides was more effective on the flag leaf than the curative activity on leaf two. The addition of an SDHI to a 75% fixed rate of triazole was more effective at controlling STB infection than triazoles alone. The addition of SDHI fungicides also significantly increased yield. The highest mean yields were achieved with the addition of a third application at GS65. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Drummond, J. B. AU - Craigie, R. A. AU - Braithwaite, M. AU - Gillum, A. T. AU - McCloy, B. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Jkm, B., (2012) Improved Resistance to Septoria in Superior Varieties. HGCA Project Report 492, , http://hgca.com/publications/2012/april/24/improved-resistance-to-septoria-varieties.aspx, (accessed 12/03/15); Cools, H.J., Fraaije, B.A., Are azole fungicides losing ground against Septoria wheat diseases? Resistance mechanisms in Mycosphaerella graminicola (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 681-684; Cropping Strategies- A Summary of Recent Research Findings: Cereal Disease Management (Revised 2014), p. 19p. , FAR 2014 Foundation for Arable Research, Christchurch, New Zealand; Fraaije, B.A., Cools, H.J., Kim, S.H., Motteram, J., Clark, W.S., Lucas, J.A., A novel substitution 138IV in sterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of Mycosphaerella graminicola is differentially selected by azole fungicides (2007) Molecular Plant Pathology, 8, pp. 245-254; Godwin, J.R., Young, J.E., Hart, C.A., ICIA5504: Effects of development of cereal pathogens (1994) Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases., pp. 259-264; Godwin, J.R., Bartlett, D.W., Heaney, S.P., Azosystrobin: Implications of biochemical mode of action. Pharmacokinetics and resistance management for spray programmes against septoria diseases of wheat (1999) Septoria on Cereals: A Study of Pathosystems, pp. 299-315. , Lucas JA, Bowyer P, Anderson HM ed CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK; Septoria Tritici in Winter Wheat. Topic Sheet 113/Spring 2012, , www.hgca.com/media/../tsll3_septoria_tritici_in_winter_wheat.pdf, HGCA 2012 (accessed 12/03/2015); Fungicide Performance in Wheat 2014: Wheat Fungicide Performance Data 2014 (Detailed Slides), , http://www.hgce.com/crop-management/disease-management-fungicide-performance-in-wheat,aspx, HGCA 2014 (accessed 12/03/2015); James, W.C., An illustrated series of assessment keys for plant diseases, their preparation and usage (1971) Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 51, pp. 39-65; Marroni, M.V., Slh, V., Butler, R.C., Deng, Y., Fungicide timing for the control of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 160-165; Martin, N.A., Beresford, R.M., Harrington, K.C., Pesticide resistance: Prevention and managament strategies 2005 (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Hastings, New Zealand., p. 166p; Shaw, M.W., Royal, D.J., Airborne inoculum as a major source of Septoria tritici {Mycosphaerella graminicola) infections in winter wheat crops in the UK (1989) Plant Pathology, 38 (1), pp. 35-43; Shaw, M.W., Royal, D.J., Factors determining the severity of epidemics of Mycosphaerella graminicola {Septoria tritici) on winter wheat in the UK (1993) Plant Pathology, 42, pp. 882-899; Sierotzki, H., Scalliet, G., A review of current knowledge of resistance aspects for the next generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (2013) Phytopathology, 103, pp. 880-887; Stewart, T.M., Perry, A.J., Evans, M.J., Resistance of Zymoseptoria tritici to azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole in the lower North Island of New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 304-313; Thomas, M.R., Cook, R.J., King, J.E., Factors affecting development of Septoria tritici in winter wheat and its effect on yield (1989) Plant Pathology, 38 (2), pp. 246-257; Van Den Bosch, F., Paveley, N., Shaw, M., Hobbelen, P., Oliver, R., The dose rate debate: Does the risk of fungicide resistance increase or decrease with dose? (2011) Plant Pathology, 60, pp. 597-606; Van Toor, R.F., Slh, V., Rahman, A., Daj, T., Agrichemical use on wheat and barley crops in New Zealand in 2008-09 (2013) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 41, pp. 9-22 PY - 2015 SP - 420-427 ST - The effect of fungicide dose rate and mixtures on Zymoseptoria tritici in two cultivars of autumn sown wheat T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of fungicide dose rate and mixtures on Zymoseptoria tritici in two cultivars of autumn sown wheat UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960438609&partnerID=40&md5=fac54ae4e072a9a9decf01c398cf7138 VL - 68 ID - 116 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bitter rot is an apple fruit disease most commonly caused in New Zealand by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum. The timing of fungicide applications to manage this disease was investigated during two seasons. Fungicides applied during October (carbendazim), or November and December (tolyfluanid, captan and mancozeb), reduced incidence of rots expressing on trees in the orchard. Fungicides (half-strength copper oxychloride, Bacillus subtilis QST 713 and tolyfluanid) applied during January and February reduced the incidence of postharvest rots. Bacillus subtilis QST 713 applied regularly throughout the season reduced incidence of field rots, but was not effective when the number of applications was reduced. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) or copper oxychloride applied during November and December reduced the incidence of sprinkler rots caused by Phytophthora cactorum. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Pushparajah, I. P. S. AU - Taylor, J. T. AU - Timudo-Torrevilla, O. E. AU - Spiers, T. M. AU - Ah Chee, A. AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barroso, J.M., (2010) Commission Directive 2010/20/EU. Official Journal of the European Union, , http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/eur93149.pdf, (accessed 9 March 2015); Ksh, B., Walter, M., The effects of calcium chloride and calcium carbonate on germination and growth of Colletotrichum acutatum and Penicillium expansum (2009) 17th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference, p. 36. , Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (abstract only); Brook, P.J., Glomerella cingulata and bitter rot of apple (1977) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, pp. 547-555; Fms, C., Leite Junior, R.P., Ueno, B., Pathogenic characterization of Colletotrichum spp. Associated with apple diseases in Southern Brazil (2000) Fitopatologia Brasileira, 25, pp. 72-78; Rpj, C., Harris, D.C., Cox, K., Phytophthora fruit rot (2014) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests. Second Edition, pp. 41-42. , Sutton TB, Aldwinckle HS, Agnello AM, Walgenbach JF ed The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota, USA; Crusius, L.U., Forcelini, C.A., Rmv, S., Jmc, F., Epidemiology of apple leaf spot (2002) Fitopatologia Brasileira, 27, pp. 65-70; Everett, K.R., The effect of lowtemperatures on Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, fungi causing body rots of avocado in New Zealand (2003) Australasian Plant Pathology, 32, pp. 441-448; Everett, K.R., Pak, H.A., Infection criteria for pathogens causing body rots in avocados (2002) NZ Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report, pp. 54-58. , www.avocadosource.com, (accessed 9 March 2015); Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., In vitro fungicide testing for control of avocado fruit rots (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 99-103; Everett, K.R., Owen, S.G., Jgm, C., Testing efficacy of fungicides against postharvest pathogens of avocado (Persea americana cv. Hass) (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 89-95; Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Taylor, J.T., Yu, J., Fungicide timing for control of summer rots of apples (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 15-20; Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Hill, G.N., Dawson, T.E., Field testing alternatives to copper for controlling avocado fruit rots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 65-69; Everett, K.R., Pak, H.A., Ips, P., Taylor, J.T., Astill, M.S., King, D.B., Chee, A.A., Field evaluation of fungicides to control postharvest rots of avocados in New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 112-118; Gonzalez, E., Sutton, T.B., Correll, J.C., Clarification of the etiology of Glomerella leaf spot and bitter rot of apple caused by Colletotrichum spp. Based on morphology and genetic, molecular, and pathogenicity tests (2006) Phytopathology, 96, pp. 982-992; Hanafi, A., Garau, V.L., Caboni, P., Sarais, G., Cabras, P., Minor crops for export: A case study of boscalid, pyraclostrobin, lufenuron and lambda-cyhalothrin residue levels on green beans and spring onions in Egypt (2010) Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 45, pp. 493-500; Johnston, P.R., Pennycook, S.R., Ma, M., Taxonomy of fruit-rotting fungal pathogens: What's really out there? (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 42-46; Kong, H.G., Lee, H.J., Bae, J.Y., Kim, N.H., Moon, B.J., Lee, S.-W., Spatial and temporal distribution of a biocontrol bacterium Bacillus licheniformis Nl on the strawberry plants (2010) Plant Pathology Journal, 26, pp. 238-244; McKenna, C.E., Fullerton, R.A., Dobson, S.J., Jia, Y., Control of flyspeck (Schizothyrium pomi) on Actinidia arguta kiwifruit (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 213-217; Moreira, R.R., Nesi, C.N., May De Mio, L.L., Bacillus spp. And Pseudomonas putida as inhibitors of the Colletotrichum acutatum group and potential to control Glomerella leaf spot (2014) Biological Control, 72, pp. 30-37; Pogacean, M.O., Hlihor, R.M., Gavrilescu, M., Monitoring pesticides degradation in apple fruits and potential effects of residues on human health (2014) Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 22, pp. 171-182; Powers, P.S., Bannon, Y., Eubanks, R., McCormick, T., Quetiapine in anorexia nervosa patients: An open label outpatient pilot study (2007) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, pp. 21-26; Rasmusssen, R.R., Poulsen, M.E., Hcb, H., Distribution of multiple pesticide residues in apple segments after home processing (2003) Food Additives & Contaminants, 20, pp. 1044-1063; Sharma, I.D., Nath, A., Persistence of different pesticides in apple (2005) Acta Horticulturae, 696, pp. 437-440; Sharma, S.K., Garg, R.C., Persistence of fungicides on apple foliage (1990) Plant Disease Research, 5, p. 223; Sharma, S.K., Bharat, N.K., Persistence of carbendazim on apple fruit and leaves (1994) Plant Disease Research, 9, pp. 204-206; Smith, F.D., MacHardy, W.E., The retention and redistribution of captan on apple foliage (1984) Phytopathology, 74, pp. 894-899; Sutton, T.B., Bitter rot (1990) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases, , Jones AL, Aldwinckle HS ed American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN; Sutton, T.B., Bitter rot (2014) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests. Second Edition, pp. 20-21. , Sutton TB, Aldwinckle HS, Agnello AM, Walgenbach JF ed The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; Wani, A.A., Persistence of metalaxyl and mancozeb on potato leaves and their residues in tubers (2012) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15, pp. 44-48 PY - 2015 SP - 264-274 ST - Evaluation of fungicides for control of bitter and sprinkler rots on apple fruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of fungicides for control of bitter and sprinkler rots on apple fruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960463535&partnerID=40&md5=b8ad77b5be38c5a7a0b50ab84366703d VL - 68 ID - 115 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bacterial canker of kiwifruit, commonly referred to as Psa, is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, and the biovar 3 strain has affected kiwifruit vines in New Zealand since 2010. Psa has had an impact on the management and production of kiwifruit in New Zealand. This paper provides a review of the epidemiological risk factors that are associated with Psa disease within orchards. The presence of the pathogen, rain and a susceptible host are sufficient to cause disease in kiwifruit, but there are other risk factors that can increase the amount of disease that develops and the spread of disease, including other environmental factors (e.g. temperature), host factors (e.g. cultivar) and management factors (e.g. pruning practices). The aim of this literature review was to describe the current knowledge of a range of known and postulated risk factors for the development of bacterial canker in kiwifruit. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Froud, K. J. AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Cogger, N. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abelleira, A., Ares, A., Aguin, O., Picoaga, A., Lopez, M.M., Mansilla, P., Current situation and characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on kiwifruit in Galicia (northwest Spain) (2014) Plant Pathology, 63, pp. 691-699; Abelleira, A., Lopez, M.M., Penalver, J., Aguin, O., Mansilla, J.P., Picoaga, A., Garcia, M.J., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Spain (2011) Plant Disease, 95, p. 1583; Alvarez, G., Gonzalez, M., Isabal, S., Blanc, V., Leon, R., Method to quantify live and dead cells in multi-species oral biofilm by realtime PCR with propidium monoazide (2013) AMB Express, 3, p. 1; Balestra, G.M., Renzi, M., Mazzaglia, A., First report of bacterial canker of Actinidia deliciosa caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Portugal (2010) New Disease Reports, 22, p. 10; Balestra, G.M., Mazzaglia, A., Quattrucci, A., Renzi, M., Rossetti, A., Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Jin Tao kiwi plants in Italy (2009) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 48, pp. 299-301; Balestra, G.M., Mazzaglia, A., Quattrucci, A., Renzi, M., Rossetti, A., Current status of bacterial canker spread on kiwifruit in Italy (2009) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 4, pp. 34-36; Balestra, G.M., Mazzaglia, A., Quattrucci, A., Spinelli, R., Graziani, S., Rossetti, A., Bacterial canker on Actinidia chinensis (2008) Informatore Agrario, 64, pp. 75-76; Bastas, K.K., Karakaya, A., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Turkey (2012) Plant Disease, 96, p. 452; Beresford, R., Tyson, J.L., Seasonal accuracy of the Psa risk model (2014) New Zealand Kiwifruit Journal, 228, pp. 18-19; Biondi, E., Galeone, A., Kuzmanovic, N., Ardizzi, S., Lucchese, C., Bertaccini, A., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae detection in kiwifruit plant tissue and bleeding sap (2013) Annals of Applied Biology, 162, pp. 60-70; Casonato, S.G., Bent, S., Impact of covered structures on the progression of Psa-V: Phase Two. A confidential report prepared for Zespri Group Limited, SPTS No. 10790 (2014) Plant & Food Research, Te Puke, New Zealand., p. 34p; Cogger, N., Froud, K., Application of survival analysis to plant protection research (2015) The Plant Protection Data Tool Box, , Beresford RM, Froud KJ, Kean JM, Worner SP ed New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand. In Press; Cotrut, R., Renzi, M., Taratufolo, M.C., Mazzaglia, A., Balestra, G., Stanica, F., Actinidia arguta ploidy level variation in relation to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae susceptibility. Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara "ion Ionescu de la Brad" (2013) Iasi, Seria Agronomie, 56, pp. 29-38; De Wael, L., De Greef, M., Influence of the honeybee on the transmission of fireblight (1990) Mededelingen Van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 55, pp. 1107-1111; Donati, I., Buriani, G., Cellini, A., Mauri, S., Costa, G., Spinelli, F., New insights on the bacterial canker of kiwifruit {Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae) (2014) Journal of Berry Research, 4, pp. 53-67; Dreo, T., Pirc, M., Ravnikar, M., Zezlina, I., Poliakoff, E., Rivoal, C., Nice, F., Cunty, A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Slovenia (2014) Plant Disease, 98, p. 1578; Everett, K.R., Ips, P., Vergara, M.J., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on surfaces in the orchard (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 19-24; Everett, K.R., Vergara, M.J., Ips, P., Testing stored pollen as a source of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa) inoculum. A confidential report prepared for ZESPRI Group Limited. SPTS No. 7235 (2012) Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 18p; Everett, K.R., Larsen, N.J., Logan, D.P., Ips, P., Rowe, C., Vergara, M.J., Potential for insect vectoring. A report prepared for ZESPRI Group Limited. SPTS No. 7213 (2012) Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 13p; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Ma, M., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Everett, K.R., Cohen, D., Ips, P., Vergara, M.J., Curtis, C.L., Larsen, N.J., Jia, Y., (2012) Heat Treatments to Kill Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae on Contaminated Pollen. New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 8-18; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Frost promotes the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Actinidia chinensis and A. Deliciosa plants (2014) Plant Pathology, 63, pp. 12-19; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Redefining the global populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae based on pathogenic, molecular and phenotypic characteristics (2015) Plant Pathology, 64, pp. 51-62; Ferrante, P., Fiorillo, E., Marcelletti, S., Marocchi, F., Mastroleo, M., Simeoni, S., Scortichini, M., The importance of the main colonization and penetration sites of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae and prevailing weather conditions in the development of epidemics in yellow kiwifruit, recently observed in central Italy (2012) Journal of Plant Pathology, 94, pp. 455-461; Ficke, A., Gadoury, D.M., Seem, R.C., Ontogenic resistance and plant disease management: A case study of grape powdery mildew (2002) Phytopathology, 92, pp. 671-675; Froud, K., Cogger, N., Beresford, R., The relationship between kiwifruit bacterial canker disease (Psa-V {Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae)) and kiwifruit productivity (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 34-40; Froud, K., Cogger, N., Beresford, R., Clark, G., Orchardist-observed prevalence of symptoms of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease in 'Hayward' kiwifruit blocks in New Zealand (2015) Acta Horticultrae: 1st International Symposium on Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit (Psa), , In Press; Gallelli, A., Talocci, S., Laurora, A., Loreti, S., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, from symptomless fruits and twigs, and from pollen (2011) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 50, pp. 462-472; Gaskin, R.E., (2012) Visualising Spray Coverage on Expanding Kiwifruit Leaves, p. 5p. , A report prepared for Zespri Ltd. Plant Protection Chemistry New Zealand Ltd, Rotorua, New Zealand; Hallett, I., Microscopic examination of the progression of Psa-V in Gold 3 (2012) Plant & Food Research (Psa) Research Note, Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 11p; Heuer, C., Taylor, R., Surveillance strategies for determining presence or absence of disease (2015) The Plant Protection Data Toolbox. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand., , Beresford R, Froud K, Worner SP, Kean J ed in Press; Hirano, S.S., Upper, C.D., Bacteria in the Leaf Ecosystem with Emphasis on Pseudomonas syringae, a Pathogen, Ice Nucleus, and Epiphyte (2000) Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 64, pp. 624-653; Holeva, M.C., Glynos, P.E., Karafla, C.D., First report of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Greece (2015) Plant Disease, 99 (5), p. 723; Horner, I., Manning, M., Psa progression within orchards. A confidential report prepared for ZESPRI Group Limited. SPTS No. 5997 (2011) Plant & Food Research, Havelock North, New Zealand., p. 33p; Horner, I., Manning, M., Casonato, S.G., Psa progression and intervention. A confidential report prepared for ZESPRI Group Limited. SPTS No. 8596 (2013) Plant & Food Research, Havelock North, New Zealand., p. 13p; Horner, I.J., Ma, M., Progression of Psa within kiwifruit orchards (2012) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Society Symposium-A Snapshot of Psa, p. 9. , Hamilton, New Zealand (abstract only); Johnson, K., Stockwell, V., Burgett, D., Sugar, D., Loper, J., Dispersal of Erwinia amylovora and Pseudomonas fluorescens by honey bees from hives to apple and pear blossoms (1993) Phytopathology, 83, pp. 478-484; Kay, C., Psa and Italian kiwifruit orchards-an observation (2011) Kiwifruit Vine Health Case Study, p. 8. , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/164, (15 June 2015); Koh, Y.J., Kim, G.H., Jung, J.S., Lee, Y.S., Hur, J.S., Outbreak of bacterial canker on Hortl6A {Actinidia chinensis Planchon) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in Korea (2010) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 38, pp. 275-282; KVH Best Practice: Protecting Male Plants in A Psa-V Environment. KVH Bulletin, p. 5p. , http://www.kvh.org.nz, KVH 2013 (accessed 6 May 2015); Li, M., Tan, G., Li, Y., Cheng, H., Han, X., Xue, L., Li, L., Resistance of different Chinese gooseberry cultivars to Chinese gooseberry bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae and their cluster analysis (2004) Plant Protection, 30, pp. 51-54; Li, Y., Cheng, H., Fang, S., Qian, Z., Ecological factors affecting prevalence of kiwifruit bacterial canker and bacteriostatic action of bacteriocides on Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (2001) Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao, 12, pp. 359-362; Lindemann, J., Upper, C., Aerial dispersal of epiphytic bacteria over bean plants (1985) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 50, pp. 1229-1232; Liu, Y., Li, S., Zhu, T., Shao, B., Specific DNA markers for detection of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Sichuan, China (2012) African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6, pp. 7512-7519; McCann, H.C., Eha, R., Bertels, F., Fiers, M., Lu, A., Rees-George, J., Andersen, M.T., Templeton, M.D., Genomic analysis of the kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae provides insight into the origins of an emergent plant disease (2013) Plos Pathogens, 9, p. el003503; McKay, A., Beresford, R., McKenna, C., Dobson, S., Field testing Plant & Food Research's Psa risk prediction model (2012) New Zealand Kiwifruit Journal, pp. 14-16. , May/Jun; Miller, S.A., Horner, I.J., Towards better understanding of the risk of summer pruning and Psa infection (2012) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Society Symposium: A Snapshot of Psa., p. 13. , (abstract only); (2011) Psa-Pathway Tracing Report. Psa Kiwifruit 2010-348, p. 32p. , Ministry for Primary Industries Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; De, P., Goodwin, R.M., McBrydie, H.M., Hoyte, S.M., Vanneste, J.L., Evidence of the role of honey bees (Apis mellifera) as vectors of the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (2014) Australasian Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 571-575; Bacterial Canker, Kiwifruit-Chile: First Report: (o'Higgins, Maule). ProMed Posting No. 20110325.0940) of 2011-03-25, , http://www.promedmail.org, ProMed 2011 (accessed 14 October 2014); Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Ips, P., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Reglinski, T., Vanneste, J.L., Wurms, K., Gould, E., Spinelli, F., Rikkerink, E., Using fundamental knowledge of induced resistance to develop control strategies for bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (2013) Frontiers in Plant Science, 4. , Article 24; Rosanowski, S.M., Carpenter, T., Stevenson, M., Froud, K., (2013) Quantification of the Spatial Distribution and Natural Rate of Psa Spread in New Zealand, p. 34p. , Report prepared for Zespri International Ltd and Kiwifruit Vine Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Scortichini, M., Occurence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on kiwifruit in Italy (1994) Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 1035-1038; Scortichini, M., Marcelletti, S., Ferrante, P., Petriccione, M., Firrao, G., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae: A re-emerging, multi-faceted, pandemic pathogen (2012) Molecular Plant Pathology, 13, pp. 631-640; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 1. Infection and bacterial movement in tissue of new canes (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 452-459; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 2. The most suitable times and environments for infection on new canes (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 460-468; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of Kiwifruit 4. Optimum temperature for disease development of new canes (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 694-701; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 3. The seasonal changes of bacterial population in lesions and of its exudation from lesion (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 469-476; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Suzuki, H., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 5. Effect of infection in fall to early winter on the disease development in branches and trunk after winter (1994) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 60, pp. 237-244; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Takikawa, Y., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Occurrence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Japan: Description of symptoms, isolation of the pathogen and screening of bactericides (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 427-436; Snelgar, B., Blattmann, P., Tyson, J.L., Ma, M., Curtis, C., On-orchard management of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae infection and symptom expression: Part C: Girdling-possible positive and negative effects on Psa. A report prepared for ZESPRI Group Limited. SPTS No. 6935 (2012) Plant & Food Research, Te Puke, New Zealand., p. 39p; Spinelli, F., Donati, I., Vanneste, J., Costa, M., Costa, G., Real time monitoring of the interactions between Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae and Actinidia species (2011) Acta Horticulturae, 913, pp. 461-466; Spinelli, F., Donati, I., Cellini, A., Buriani, G., Vanneste, J., Yu, J., Cornish, D., Costa, G., Colonization of kiwifruit flowers by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae and methods to prevent infection (2015) Acta Horticultrae: 1st International Symposium on Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit (Psa), , In Press; Stefani, E., Giovanardi, D., Dissemination of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae through pollen and its epiphytic life on leaves and fruits (2011) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 50, pp. 489-496; Takikawa, Y., Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Tsuyumu, S., Goto, M., Pseudomonas-syringae pathovar actinidiae new pathovar the causal bacterium of canker of kiwifruit in Japan (1989) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, pp. 437-444; Taylor, R., Surrey, M., Alexander, B., Evaluation of DNA extraction and enrichment procedures for qPCR detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in kiwifruit plants and pollen (2015) Acta Horticultrae: 1st International Symposium on Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit (Psa), , In Press; Thorp, G., Barnett, A., Blattmann, M., Short-term risk assessment of spring pruning techniques. A confidential report prepared for ZESPRI Group Limited. SPTS No. 7775 (2012) Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 7p; Tontou, R., Giovanardi, D., Stefani, E., Pollen as a possible pathway for the dissemination of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae and bacterial canker of kiwifruit (2014) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 53, pp. 333-339; Torr, T., (2010) Winter Pruning 2010, p. 8p. , Technical Tips. EastPac Ltd, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, Bulletin 81; Torr, T., (2011) Managing Canopy Establishment in Hayward. Technical Tips, p. 6p. , EastPac Ltd, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, Bulletin 79; Tyson, J.L., Manning, M., Review of splash dispersal of pseudomonads. Confidential Report for Plant and Food Research Ltd (2013) Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 20p; Tyson, J.L., Curtis, C.L., Ma, M., Budrot in green' kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) varieties-Spring 2014 A confidential report prepared for Zespri Group Limited, SPTS No. 11140 (2014) Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 9p; Tyson, J.L., Rees-George, J., Curtis, C.L., Ma, M., Fullerton, R.A., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 25-28; Tyson, J.L., Horner, I.J., Curtis, C.L., Blackmore, A., Ma, M., Influence of leaf age on infection of Actinidia species by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 328-331; Tyson, J.L., Curtis, C., Dobson, S., Logan, D.P., Manning, M., Rowe, C., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae wound entry sites-cicada egg nest field trial. A report prepared for ZESPRI Group Limited. SPTS No. 7217 (2012) Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 17p; Tyson, J.L., Curtis, C.L., Ma, M., Rees-George, J., Snelgar, W.P., Blattmann, P., Systemic movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in kiwifruit vines in New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 41-47; Tyson, J.L., Ma, M., Curtis, C.L., Dobson, S.J., McKenna, C.E., Vergara, M.J., Inoculum production and infection of kiwifruit plants by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in New Zealand (2014) VIII International Symposium on Kiwifruit, p. 105. , Dujiangyan City, Chengdu, China (abstract only); Vanneste, J., Cornish, D., Yu, J., Stokes, C., First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae the Causal Agent of Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit on Actinidia arguta Vines in New Zealand (2014) Plant Disease, 98, p. 418; Vanneste, J., Yu, J., Cornish, D., Tanner, D., Windner, R., Chapman, J., Taylor, R., Dowlut, S., Identification, virulence, and distribution of two biovars of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in New Zealand (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 708-719; Vanneste, J.L., Recent progress on detecting, understanding and controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae: A short review (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 170-177; Vanneste, J.L., Moffat, B.J., Oldham, J.M., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on Cryptomeria japonica, a non-host plant used as shelter belts in kiwifruit orchards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 1-7; Vanneste, J.L., Giovanardi, D., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Kay, C., Spinelli, F., Stefani, E., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in kiwifruit pollen samples (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 246-251; Vanneste, J.L., Kay, C., Onorato, R., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Spinelli, F., Max, S., Recent advances in the characterisation and control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit (2011) Acta Horticulturae., pp. 443-455. , Costa G, Ferguson AR ed; Vanneste, J.L., Poliakoff, F., Audusseau, C., Cornish, D.A., Paillard, S., Rivoal, C., Yu, J., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in France (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 1311-1312; Zhang, H., Li, H., Feng, J., Xiao, J., Song, G., Xie, M., Investigation and analysis of infection caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae and its affecting factors in Zhejiang province (2013) Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 25, pp. 832-835 PY - 2015 SP - 313-327 ST - Review of the risk factors associated with kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Review of the risk factors associated with kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960396544&partnerID=40&md5=70804b4b384d13ef81ba50aada5ba553 VL - 68 ID - 118 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Paenibacillus spp. Are rhizobacteria that can promote plant growth through a range of mechanisms. A New Zealand isolate of Paenibacillus, P16, has reduced the incidence of black rot, caused by Xanthamonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), in brassicas. To investigate if this response was provided through plant growth promotion, isolate P16 was co-applied with Xcc as a seed treatment. In the presence of Xcc, P16-treated seedlings had significantly greater root length, leaf area, and root and shoot dry weight compared to the positive control (Xcc alone). There were no significant differences in plant growth parameters between P16-treated seedlings in the absence of the pathogen and the negative control (seeds without Xcc or P16). Isolate P16 enabled plants to survive and grow normally by preventing disease development; the mechanism of disease suppression requires further investigation. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Ghazalibiglar, H. AU - Hampton, J. G. AU - Van Zijll De Jong, E. AU - Holyoake, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Asma, M., Hms, K., Politikou, A., (2014) International Rules for Seed Testing: Annexe to Chapter 7: Seed Health Testing Methods, 7-019b: Detection of Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Campestris on Brassica Spp. Disinfested/disinfected Seed with Grinding, p. 14p. , International Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland; Bent, E., Tuzun, S., Chanway, C.P., Enebak, S., Alterations in plant growth and in root hormone levels of lodgepole pines inoculated with rhizobacteria (2001) Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 47, pp. 793-800; Cakmakci, R., Donmez, F., Aydm, A., Sahin, F., Growth promotion of plants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under greenhouse and two different field soil conditions (2006) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38, pp. 1482-1487; Campbell, C.L., Madden, L.V., (1990) Introduction to Plant Disease Epidemiology, p. 560p. , John Wiley & Sons, New York; Da Mota, F.F., Gomes, E.A., Seldin, L., Auxin production and detection of the gene coding for the Auxin Efflux Carrier (AEC) protein in Paenibacillus polymyxa (2008) The Journal of Microbiology, 46, pp. 257-264; Egamberdiyeva, D., The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize in two different soils (2007) Applied Soil Ecology, 36, pp. 184-189; Gamalero, E., Glick, B.R., Mechanisms used by plant growth-promoting bacteria (2011) Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Nutrient Management, pp. 17-46. , Maheshwari DK ed Springer, Berlin Heidelberg; Ghazalibiglar, H., (2014) Discovery of A Paenibacillus Isolate for Biocontrol of Black Rot in Brassicas, p. 164p. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Heil, M., Ecological costs of induced resistance (2002) Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 5, pp. 345-350; Himmelbauer, M., Estimating length, average diameter and surface area of roots using two different image analyses systems (2004) Plant and Soil, 260, pp. 111-120; Lee, B., Ma, F., Park, H.B., Kloepper, J.W., Lee, S.H., Ryu, C.M., Induced resistance by a long-chain bacterial volatile: Elicitation of plant systemic defense by a C13 volatile produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa (2012) Plos One, 7, pp. 1-11; Lindberg, T., Granhall, U., Tomenius, K., Infectivity and acetylene reduction of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions (1985) Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1, pp. 123-129; Lugtenberg, B., Kamilova, F., Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (2009) Annual Review of Microbiology, 63, pp. 541-556; Phi, Q.T., Yu-Mi, P., Keyung-Jo, S., Choong-Min, R., Seung-Hwan, P., Jong-Guk, K., Assessment of root-associated Paenibacillus polymyxa groups on growth promotion and induced systemic resistance in pepper (2010) Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20, pp. 1605-1613; Ryu, C.M., Kim, J., Choi, O., Kim, S.H., Park, C.S., Improvement of biological control capacity of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 by seed pelleting on sesame (2006) Biological Control, 39, pp. 282-289; Senthilkumar, M., Govindasamy, V., Annapurna, K., Role of antibiosis in suppression of charcoal rot disease by soybean endophyte Paenibacillus sp. HKA-15 (2007) Current Microbiology, 55, pp. 25-29; Timmusk, S., Mechanism of action of the plant growth promoting bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa (2003) Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga Vetenskapsomradet, Faculty of Science and Technology, Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden., p. 42p; Timmusk, S., Grantcharova, N., Egh, W., Paenibacillus polymyxa invades plant roots and forms biofilms (2005) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, pp. 7292-7300; Timmusk, S., Nicander, B., Granhall, U., Tillberg, E., Cytokinin production by Paenibacillus polymyxa (1999) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31, pp. 1847-1852; Van Zijll De Jong, E., Braithwaite, B.E., Roush, T.L., Stewart, A., Hampton, J.G., Opportunities for developing value-added brassica seed (2010) Seed for Future. Agronomy Society of New Zealand, 13, pp. 139-146. , McGill CR, Rowarth JS ed; Williams, P.H., Black rot (2007) Compendium of Brassica Diseases, pp. 60-62. , Rimmer SR, Shattuck VI ed American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA PY - 2015 SP - 173-178 ST - Enhanced growth of cabbage seedlings by a Paenibacillus isolate in the presence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Enhanced growth of cabbage seedlings by a Paenibacillus isolate in the presence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960467138&partnerID=40&md5=fad437dc3ead61fb443ae9fff08ceaa9 VL - 68 ID - 131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper reports on an extensive field investigation conducted at Lincoln during the 2014-2015 summer/early autumn. This aimed to assess the effects of a range of novel Epichloë endophytes when present in different cultivars of Lolium spp. on parasitism rates by the biological control agent, Microctonus hyperodae, in Listronotus bonariensis (i.e. The Argentine stem weevil). Results for the entire summer, and including all treatment combinations, did not find any significant differences in parasitism in L. bonariensis populations. However, in the early autumn, independent of the endophytes present, significantly higher levels of parasitism were found in a tetraploid Lolium multiflorum cultivar and a tetraploid L. perenne selection compared to the L. perenne cultivars. Whether this finding has any bearing on a possible mechanism of weevil resistance is discussed. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Goldson, S. L. AU - Tomasetto, F. AU - Popay, A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barker, G.M., Grass host preferences of Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82 (6), pp. 1807-1816; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Influence of clavicipitaceous endophyte infection in ryegrass on development of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1996) Biological Control, 7 (3), pp. 281-287; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Clavicipitaceous endophytic infection in ryegrass influences attack rate of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Euphorinae) in Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1997) Environmental Entomology, 26 (2), pp. 416-420; Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Early impact of endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) after its establishment in Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations of Northern New Zealand pastures (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 273-287; Bultman, T.L., McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Isolate-dependent impacts of fungal endophytes in a multitrophic interaction (2003) Oikos, 102 (3), pp. 491-496; Psp, C., Metcalfe, A.V., (2009) Introductory Time Series with R (1st Ed.), p. 254pp. , Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg Publishing Company, NewYork, USA; Ferguson, C.M., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Hardwick, S., Barton, D.M., Kean, J.M., Status of clover root weevil and its biocontrol agent in the South Island after six years (2012) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 74, pp. 171-176; Gerard, P.J., Ryegrass endophyte infection affects Argentine stem weevil adult behaviour and susceptibility to parasitism (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 406-409; Gerard, P.J., Goldson, S.L., Hardwick, S., Addison, P.J., Willoughby, B.E., The bionomics of an invasive species Sitona lepidus during its establishment in New Zealand (2009) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 100, pp. 339-346; Goldson, S.L., An examination of the relationship between Argentine stem weevil [Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel)) and several of its host grasses (1982) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 25, pp. 395-403; Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.R., Fletcher, L.R., Baird, D.B., Multitrophic interaction between the ryegrass host plant, Lolium perenne, its endophyte Neotyphodium lolii, the weevil pest Listronotus bonariensis and its parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (2000) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, pp. 227-233; Goldson, S.L., Tomasetto, F., Popay, A., Biological control against invasive species in simplified ecosystems: Its triumphs and emerging threats (2014) Current Opinion in Insect Science, 5, pp. 50-56; Goldson, S.L., Wratten, S.D., Ferguson, C., Gerard, P.J., Bip, B., Hardwick, S., McNeill, M.R., Tomasetto, F., If and when successful classical biological control fails (2014) Biological Control, 72, pp. 76-79; Johnson, L.J., Acm Bonth De A.Cm, Briggs, L.R., Caradus, J.R., Finch, S.C., Fleetwood, D.J., Fletcher, L.R., Card, S.D., The exploitation of Epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit (2013) Fungal Diversity, 60 (1), pp. 171-188; McNeill, M.R., De, H., Ashby, R., Ashby, M., Brandon, P., Guscott, P., Barton, R., Ryegrass production in Wairarapa, New Zealand: Is biological control of Argentine stem weevil important (2007) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses. Grassland Research and Practice Series, 13, pp. 301-306; McNeill, M.R., Kean, J.M., Goldson, S.L., Parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides on a novel host, Listronotus bonariensis, in Canterbury pastures (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 280-286; Phillips, C.B., Observations of oviposition behaviour of Microctonus hyperodaeLoan and M. Aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphoridae) (2002) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 202, pp. 326-337; Popay, A.J., McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Ferguson, C.M., The current status of Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) as a pest in the North Island in New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 55-63; R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, , http://www.R-project.org, R Development Core Team 2015 (accessed 10 April 2015); Sun, X.Z., Waghorn, G.C., Clark, H., Cultivar and age of regrowth effects on physical, chemical and in sacco degradation kinetics of vegetative perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (2010) Animal Feed Science and Technology, 155 (2), pp. 172-185; Trapletti, A., Hornik, K., (2015) Tseries: Time Series Analysis and Computational Finance. R Package Version 0:10-34, , http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tseries, (accessed 10 April 2015) PY - 2015 SP - 204-211 ST - Effect of Epichloë endophyte strains in Lolium spp. cultivars on Argentine stem weevil parasitism by Microctonus hyperodae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of Epichloë endophyte strains in Lolium spp. cultivars on Argentine stem weevil parasitism by Microctonus hyperodae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960391993&partnerID=40&md5=1b291c57fe910f04c2670c629f5f26a6 VL - 68 ID - 100 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High sorption by Pinus radiata (D. Don) logs may limit insecticidal efficacy of a fumigant by rapidly removing it from the treated headspace. The sorption characteristics of a new fumigant, ethanedinitrile (EDN), were quantified for recently harvested pine logs, and the robustness of a proposed EDN sorption model developed for sawn timber was tested. Over a 10-h period, average concentrations were 17.3% ± 0.7 of the initial dose for logs with sealed ends and 9.4% ± 0.4 for unsealed ends. This is a high rate of sorption compared with other fumigants, such as methyl bromide. A proportional drop in headspace concentration over time was consistent for the two doses (20 and 50 g/m3) evaluated, confirming that EDN sorption is influenced by the dose applied. Bark cover did not significantly influence EDN sorption. A revised sorption model for EDN is proposed here. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Hall, M. K. D. AU - Najar-Rodriguez, A. J. AU - Pranamornkith, T. AU - Adlam, A. R. AU - Hall, A. J. AU - Brash, D. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Armstrong, J.W., Brash, D.W., Waddell, B.C., Comprehensive literature review of fumigants and disinfestation strategies, methods and techniques pertinent to potential use as quarantine treatments for New Zealand export logs (2014) Plant & Food Research SPTS No. 10678, Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand., p. 184p; (2007) Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-base Materials, , http://www.astm.org/Standards/D4442.htm, ASTM Standard D4442-07 (accessed 3 June 2015); Banks, H.J., Sorption and desorption of fumigants on grains: Mathematical descriptions (1985) Pesticides and Humid Tropical Grain Storage System. Proceedings of An International Seminar, Manila, Philippines, , Champ BR, Highley E ed 27-30 May 1985; Barak, A.V., Wang, Y., Xu, L., Rong, Z., Hang, X., Zhan, G., Methyl bromide as a quarantine treatment for Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in regulated wood packing material (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology, 98, pp. 1911-1916; EDN Fumigas Label, Safely Directions before Opening or Using of Fumigant, Active Constituent: 1000 G/kg Ethanedinitrile (EDN), for the Control of Insect Pests and Fungi Infesting Timber and Logs. BOC, New South Wales, Australia, p. 3. , http://www.infopest.com.au/extra/asp/infopest/nra/labels.asp?prodcode=60096, BOC 2014 (accessed 28 March 2014); Brash, D.W., Armstrong, J.W., Waddell, B.C., Ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a potential quarantine disinfestation treatment for New Zealand export logs and sawn timber (2013) Plant & Food Research SPTS No. 8058, Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand., p. 28p; O'Brien, I.G., Fjm, D., Ren, Y.L., (1996), CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Cyanogen fumigants and methods of fumigation using cyanogen, PCT/AU 95/00409. International Patent No. WO 96/01051. World Intellectual Property Organization, International Bureau, Geneva, Switzerland. 171 p. [Note: this reference is cited by Ren et al. (2006) as O'Brien IG, Desmarchelier JM, Ren YL 1995. Cyanogen fumigants and methods of fumigation using cyanogen, International Patent Application PCT/AU95/00409. The latter citation references the year the patent application was submitted.]; Darby, J.A., A kinetic model of fumigant sorption by grain using batch experimental data (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 519-526; Lorraine DR (2014) Fumigation Training Manual. UK Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, , http://pest.ca.uky.edu/PSEP/Manuals/7c-FumigationManual.pdf, (accessed 28 May 2014); Najar-Rodriguez, A.J., Mkd, H., Adlam, A.R., Hall, A.J., Burgess, S., Somerfield, K.G., Bbc, P., Brash, D.W., Developing new fumigation schedules for the phytosanitary treatment of a key forest insect pest associated with New Zealand export logs: An update (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 19-25; Park, C.G., Son, J.-K., Lee, B.H., Cho, J.H., Ren, Y., Comparison of ethanedinitrile (C2N2) and metam sodium for control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchidae) and Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in naturally infested logs at low temperatures (2014) Journal of Economic Entomology, 107, pp. 2055-2060; Pranamornkith, T., Mkd, H., Adlam, A.R., Somerfield, K.G., Bbc, P., Hall, A.J., Brash, D.W., Effect of fumigant dose, timber moisture content, end-grain sealing, and chamber load factor on sorption by sawn timber fumigated with ethanedinitrile (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 66-74; Pranamornkith, T., Mkd, H., Najar-Rodriguez, A., Adlam, A.R., Somerfield, K.G., Bbc, P., Hedderley, D.I., Brash, D.W., Ethanedinitrile: Potential methyl bromide alternative to control Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) in New Zealand sawn timber exports (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 75-79; Ren, Y.L., Lee, B.H., Padovan, B., Penetration of methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride, ethanedinitrile and phosphine into timber blocks and the sorption rate of the fumigants (2011) Journal of Stored Products Research, 47, pp. 63-68; Roynon, J., (2012) Preparation Procedure of 100% EDN Sample for Gas Chromatography Calibration, p. 4p. , BOC Australia, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia PY - 2015 SP - 13-18 ST - Influence of dose, bark cover and end-grain sealing on ethanedinitrile (C2N2) sorption by pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) logs T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of dose, bark cover and end-grain sealing on ethanedinitrile (C2N2) sorption by pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) logs UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960327682&partnerID=40&md5=48e7327cc1df10827a085c2dc183ae42 VL - 68 ID - 96 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Herbicide treatments were assessed in two concurrent experiments for improving the establishment of manuka seedlings (three provenances) transplanted into hillside pastures for honey production. Height and trunk diameters 18 months after planting were still significantly reduced by initial poor control of weeds. Controlling weeds in a patch of 1.0 m diameter gave better manuka growth than doing so in a 0.5 m diameter patch. Two of the more effective treatments were a mixture of glyphosate, simazine and clopyralid applied before planting, and a post-planting application of glyphosate and simazine sprayed while shielding the manuka. A mixture of haloxyfop, clopyralid and simazine applied in August then again in December following planting in July gave no further improvement in manuka growth than when applied only in August. Residues of metsulfuron equivalent to 120 g ai/ha applied just prior to transplanting caused no adverse effects in any of the three provenances of manuka. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Nurhayati, R. H. AU - Millner, J. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Grant, D.A., Factors affecting the establishment of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) (1967) Proceedings of the 20th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 129-134; Harrington, K.C., Gregory, S.J., Field assessment of herbicides to release native plants from weeds (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 368-373; Harrington, K.C., Schmitz, H.K., Initial screening of herbicides tolerated by native plants (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 133-136; Nickless, E.M., Holroyd, S.E., Stephens, J.M., Gordon, K.C., Wargent, J.J., Analytical FT-Raman spectroscopy to chemotype Leptospermum scoparium and generate predictive models for screening for dihydroxyacetone levels in floral nectar (2014) Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 45, pp. 890-894; Rolando, C.A., Garrett, L.G., Baillie, B.R., Watt, M.S., A survey of herbicide use and a review of environmental fate in New Zealand planted forests (2013) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 43, pp. 17-26; Jmc, S., Molan, P.C., Clarkson, B.D., A review of Leptospermum scoparium (Myrtaceae) in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 43, pp. 431-449; Young, S., (2015) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 864p. , Agrimedia Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand PY - 2015 SP - 132-138 ST - Field assessment of herbicides to aid establishment of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Field assessment of herbicides to aid establishment of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960403144&partnerID=40&md5=621607810c40e80f39aae69a3798846e VL - 68 ID - 120 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the cause of tan spot of wheat was first recorded in New Zealand in 1979, but only on wheat seed. However, this pathogen has recently been recorded as causing possible yield losses in isolated crops. A small plot trial set up in a central Canterbury crop of cv. Saracen tested several fungicides alone or in mixtures. Control was not entirely effective since tan spot infection was well established when the first applications were made at GS33 (third node detectible). Nevertheless, two triazoles (propiconazole and prothioconazole) and three SDHI fungicides (isopyrazam, bixafen plus prothioconazole and fluxapyroxad plus epoxiconazole) all gave similar levels of control either when applied alone or in mixtures. Two triazoles (epoxiconazole and difenoconazole) were less effective alone, while addition of strobilurin (pyraclostrobin) to mixtures gave little extra control. Several treatments showed significant increases in green leaf retention and final grain yield. The life cycle of the pathogen dictates that management of the over-wintering inoculum in stubble is a probable essential step in control of the disease. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Harvey, I. C. AU - Craigie, R. A. AU - McCloy, B. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Antoni, E.A., Rybak, K., Tucker, M.P., Hane, J.K., Solmon, P.S., Drenth, A., Shanka, M., Oliver, R.P., Ubiquity of ToxA and absence of ToxB in Australian populations of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (2010) Australasian Plant Pathology, 39, pp. 63-68; Beard, C., Loughman, R., Smith, A., Speijers, J., Baseline sensitivity to three triazole fungicides in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (2009) Australasian Plant Pathology, 38, pp. 168-172; Pyrenophora Tritici-repentis (Leaf Spot of Wheat). CBI Crop Protection Compendium, , http://www.cabi.org/publishing-products/compendia/crop-protection-compendium, CABI2013 (accessed 15 April 2015); De Wolf, E., Effertz, R.J., Ali, S., Francl, L.J., Vistas of tan spot research (1998) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 20, pp. 349-370; Hampton, J.G., Matthews, B.D., Drechsleraspp. on New Zealand certified seed (1978) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 21, pp. 539-542; Picinini, E.C., Fernandes JMC Ignaczak, J.C., Ambrosi, I., Economic impact due to propiconazole use on wheat (1996) Fitopatologia Brasileira, 21, pp. 362-368 PY - 2015 SP - 428-433 ST - The control of tan spot of wheat (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis: A possible emerging disease in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The control of tan spot of wheat (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis: A possible emerging disease in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960368470&partnerID=40&md5=49e5cd45cb135dd30d613a0c718514f0 VL - 68 ID - 134 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Measured surface wetness duration is often used in disease risk prediction models, but is only available from a few weather stations. Wetness can be modelled from more widely available weather station networks using other meteorological variables. This study compared wetness duration measured using different methods of interpreting wetness sensor output, and from different sensor types, with wetness calculated from a classification and regression tree (CART) model. The model calculated wetness from temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. Different wetness sensors and different wetness calculation methods from the same sensor made little difference to recorded wetness duration. Total wetness duration was greater for modelled than for measured wetness at all but one of seven sites investigated. The use of modelled and measured wetness inputs into a grape botrytis prediction model indicated that modelled wetness is unsuitable for use in New Zealand without being calibrated for local conditions. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Henshall, W. R. AU - Hill, G. N. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beresford, R.M., Spink, M., A national disease forecasting system for apple black spot (Venturia inaequalis) in New Zealand (1992) Acta Horticulturae, 313, pp. 285-296; Beresford, R.M., Evans, K., Hill, G.N., Botrytis decision support: Online tools for predicting seasonal risk of botrytis bunch rot (2012) Wine & Viticulture Journal September/October 2012, pp. 46-52; Gillespie, T.J., Kidd, G.E., Sensing duration of leaf moisture retention using electrical impedance grids (1978) Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 58, pp. 179-187; Henshall, W.R., Beresford, R.M., Chynoweth, R.W., Does variability in grape canopy wetness affect infection period calculations? (2003) 8th International Congress of Plant Pathology, Christchurch, New Zealand., 2, p. 110. , (Abstracts of offered papers; Henshall, W.R., Beresford, R.M., Chynoweth, R.W., Ramankutty, P., Comparing surface wetness inside and outside grape canopies for region-wide assessment of plant disease risk (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 80-83; Weather Stations Hourly, , http://hortplus.metwatch.co.nz, Hortplus 2015 (accessed 15 April 2015); Kim, K.S., Taylor, S.E., Gleason, M.L., Koehler, K.J., Model to enhance site-specific estimation of leaf wetness duration (2002) Plant Disease, 86, pp. 179-185; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., Prediction of disease risk using site-specific estimates of weather variables (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 128-132; Rowlandson, T., Gleason, M., Sentelhas, P., Gillespie, T., Thomas, C., Hornbuckle, B., Reconsidering leaf wetness duration determination for plant disease management (2015) Plant Disease, 99 (3), pp. 310-319; Young, K., Galbreath, N.H., Hewett, E.W., A system of regulating sprinkling during evaporative cooling of apple buds to delay bloom (1979) Journal of Agricultural and Engineering Research, 24, pp. 209-213 PY - 2015 SP - 405-410 ST - Comparison of measured and modelled wetness duration as inputs to a grape disease model T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of measured and modelled wetness duration as inputs to a grape disease model UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960435751&partnerID=40&md5=879c7cac027ad0f42b87dddca6c3e11e VL - 68 ID - 89 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spirotetramat (Movento®) is a systemic insecticide that is used to control scale insects on kiwifruit. The use of protectant copper sprays on kiwifruit has become increasingly common due to the bacterial disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae. This study investigated the interaction of copper with spirotetramat and how it influenced the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat within the plant. Movento® 100SC sprays should not be tankmixed with copper sprays because the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat is likely to be compromised. These negative effects were minimised when an organosilicone/organic fluid blend adjuvant (Du-Wett®) was included in the tank mix. Pre-and post spray applications of copper, at least 1 week either side of spirotetramat applications, are unlikely to significantly affect the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat, and thus have any effect on its activity. There were no marked differences between two commercial copper formulations, in their effects on spirotetramat uptake but minor differences in translocation were observed. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Horgan, D. B. AU - Gaskin, R. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bayer CropScience 2009, , https://www.bayercropscience.us/products/insecticides/movento, Movento Insecticide (accessed 15 November 2014); (2012) Safety Data Sheet Movento8 100SC, p. 6p. , Bayer CropScience Issued 13 September 2012; Brack, E., Elbert, A., Fischer, R., Krueger, S., Kiihnhold, J., Klueken, A.M., Nauen, R., Van Waetermeulen, X., Movento∗, an innovative ambimobile insecticide for sucking insect pest control in agriculture: Biological profile and field performance (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 838-844; Gaskin, R.E., Horgan, D.B., Van Leeuwen, R.M., Manktelow, D.W., Adjuvant effects on the retention and uptake of spirotetramat insecticide sprays on kiwifruit (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 60-65; McKenna, C., Gaskin, R., Horgan, D., Dobson, S., Jia, Y., Efficacy of a postharvest spirotetramat spray against armoured scale insects on kiwifruit vines (2013) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 41, pp. 105-116 PY - 2015 SP - 26-31 ST - The effect of copper on the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat insecticide on kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of copper on the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat insecticide on kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960404121&partnerID=40&md5=acf92e1e7bb8e05bfbed960351dcfc26 VL - 68 ID - 103 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 2012, trials were established in four kauri forest sites severely affected by kauri dieback (Phytophthora agathidicida = P. taxon Agathis, PTA) to determine the potential of phosphorous acid (phosphite) as a control tool. Baseline assessments of 162 trial trees included canopy disease rating, trunk lesion dimensions and lesion activity (recent bleeding/oozing). Phosphite (Agrifos®600) at concentrations of 7.5% or 20% was injected (20 ml) at 20-cm intervals around the trunk. Control trees were left untreated. After 1 year, half the previously injected trees were re-injected, in all cases with 7.5% phosphite. Phytotoxicity symptoms (leaf yellowing, browning or leaf/twig abscission) were noted in some phosphiteinjected trees, particularly where the 20% concentration was used. After 3 years, many more trunk lesions remained active (expressing ooze, continued expansion) in untreated trees (58.5%) than in phosphite-treated trees (0.8%). Average lesion expansion after 3 years was 12.7 cm in untreated and 0.4 cm in phosphite-treated trees. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Horner, I. J. AU - Hough, E. G. AU - Horner, M. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beever, R.E., Waipara, N.W., Ramsfield, T.D., Ma, D., Horner, I.J., Kauri (Agathis australis) under threat from Phytophthora? (2009) Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting of IUFRO Working Party S07.02.09, pp. 74-85. , General Technical report PSW-GTR-221, USDA Forest Service, Albany, CA, USA; Beever, R.E., Tsai, S., Waipara, N.W., Ma, D., Ramsfield, T.D., Pathogenicity of Phytophthora taxon Agathis (PTA) (2010) Fifth Meeting of the International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) Working Party 7.02.09, Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems; March 2010, p. 2. , Rotorua, New Zealand (Abstract only); Crane, C.E., Shearer, B.L., Comparison of phosphite application methods for control of Phytophthora cinnamomi in threatened communities (2014) Australasian Plant Pathology, 43, pp. 143-149; Garbelotto, M., Schmidt, D.J., Harnik, T.Y., Phosphite injections and bark application of phosphite + Pentrabark™: Control sudden oak death in coast live oak (2007) Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 33 (5), pp. 309-317; Hardy, G., Barrett, S., Shearer, B.L., The future of phosphite as a fungicide to control the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi in natural ecosystems (2001) Australasian Plant Pathology, 30, pp. 133-139; Horner, I.J., Hough, E.G., Phosphorous acid for controlling Phytophthora taxon Agathis in kauri: Glasshouse trials (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 235-241; Smillie, R.H., Grant, B.R., Guest, D., The mode of action of phosphite: Evidence for both direct and indirect modes of action on three Phytophthora spp. in plants (1989) Phytopathology, 79, pp. 921-926; Waipara, N.W., Hill, S., Lmw, H., Hough, E.G., Horner, I.J., Surveillance methods to determine tree health, distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 235-241; Weir, B.S., Paderes, E.P., Anand, N., Uchida, J.Y., Pennycook, S.R., Bellgard, S.E., Beever, R.E., A taxonomic revision of Phytophthora Clade 5 including two new species, Phytophthora agathidicida and P. Cocois (2015) Phytotaxa, 205 (1), pp. 021-038 PY - 2015 SP - 7-12 ST - Forest efficacy trials on phosphite for control of kauri dieback T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Forest efficacy trials on phosphite for control of kauri dieback UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960335633&partnerID=40&md5=bf152096789f110576f07af1b44379ef VL - 68 ID - 132 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Experiments were carried out to compare fire blight resistance screening methodologies used in the German and New Zealand pipfruit breeding programmes. The small differences between the respective screening methodologies did not result in significant differences in the incidence of fire blight infection or the amount of resistance observed in plants. Differences in bacterial growth media, inoculum suspension and inoculation technique did not have a significant effect on the incidence of fire blight infection or the extent of resistance expression in various apple cultivars. Some of the Erwinia amylovora isolates had a significant effect on the level of disease expression on different cultivars. These differences can be used as tools to identify resistance quantitative trait loci in different cultivars. Results from these experiments have led to standardisation of screening methods between the two countries and provided confidence in comparing the findings of the New Zealand/German collaborative resistance research programme. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Horner, M. B. AU - Richter, K. AU - Peil, A. AU - Bus, V. G. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests: Erwinia amylovora (2004) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 34, pp. 159-171. , EPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization EPPO Standards PM 7/20 (1) Lopez MM, Keck M, Llop P, Gorris MT, Penafver J, Donat V, Cambra M ed; Gardiner, S.E., Norelli, J.L., De Silva, N., Fazio, G., Peil, A., Malnoy, M., Horner, M., Vgb, B., Putative resistance gene markers associated with quantitative trait loci for fire blight resistance in Malus "robusta 5" accessions (2012) BMC Genetics, 13, p. 25; Cme, G., Grosse, J.E., Observations on lysogeny in the plant pathogens Pseudomonas mors-prunorum and Ps. Syringae (1963) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 26, pp. 27-34; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., De, R., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Loper, J.E., Henkels, M.D., Roberts, R.G., Grove, G.G., Willet, M.J., Smith, T.J., Evaluation of streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and copper resistance of Erwinia amylovora isolated from pear orchards in Washington State (1991) Plant Disease, 75, pp. 287-290; McGhee, G.C., Sundin, G.W., Evaluation of kasugamycin for fire blight management, effect on nontarget bacteria, and assessment of kasugamycin resistance potential in Erwinia amylovora (2011) Phytopathology, 101 (2), pp. 192-204; McGhee, G.C., Guasco, J., Bellomo, L.M., Blumer-Schuette, S.E., Shane, W.W., Irish-Brown, A., Sundin, G.W., Genetic analysis of streptomycin-resistant (SmR) strains of Erwiniaamylovorasuggests that dissemination of two genotypes is responsible for the current distribution of SmR E. Amylovora in Michigan (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 182-191; Peil, A., Garcia-Libreros, T., Richter, K., Trognitz, F.C., Trognitz, B., Hanke, M.V., Flachowsky, H., Strong evidence for a fire blight resistance gene of Malus robusta located on linkage group 3 (2007) Plant Breeding, 126, pp. 470-475; Van Der Zwet, T., Orlando-Halbrendt, N., Zeller, W., (2012) Fireblight History, Biology, and Management, p. 421p. , The American Phytological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota 55121, USA PY - 2015 SP - 275-281 ST - Comparison of fire blight resistance screening protocols in two international breeding programmes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of fire blight resistance screening protocols in two international breeding programmes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960339959&partnerID=40&md5=60b6c3f09955dd08f02419f2a5c4f539 VL - 68 ID - 102 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris L.) is a widespread species that ranges in latitude from northern Norway to Morocco in the native range, and has a large naturalised range in several countries, including New Zealand. Like many weed species with wide natural distributions, R. acris is a complex, made up of different genotypes and races across the native range. This paper shows R. acris in New Zealand has high chloroplast diversity and variation in genome size, even within populations, indicating that introduced material was diverse. Although it is not yet possible to determine the origin of R. acris populations in New Zealand, preliminary comparisons to R. acris sourced from other countries are presented. The importance of identifying the correct origin of naturalised species before undertaking control programmes, especially where biological agents will be employed, is discussed. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Houliston, G. J. AU - Goeke, D. F. AU - Smith, L. A. AU - Fowler, S. V. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bourdot, G.W., Saville, D.J., Giant buttercup- A threat to sustainable dairy farming in New Zealand (2010) Proceedings of the 4th Australasian Dairy Science Symposium., pp. 355-359; Bourdot, G.W., Saville, D.J., Crone, D., Dairy production revenue losses in New Zealand due to giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris) (2003) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 46, pp. 295-303; Bourdot, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Variation in the efficacy of a mycoherbicide and two synthetic herbicide alternatives (2007) Xllth International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 507-511. , Julien HH, Sforza R, Bon MC, Evans H, Hatcher PE, Hinz H, Rector BG ed La Grand Motte, Montpellier, France. CAB International, Wallingford UK; Bourdot, G.W., Saville, D.J., Hurrell, G.A., Ecological fitness and the decline of resistance to the herbicide MCPA in a population of Ranunculus acris (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, pp. 151-160; Coles, S.M., The Ranunculus acris L. Complex in Europe (1971) Watsonia, 8, pp. 237-261; Ellstrand, N.C., Schierenback, K.A., Hybridisation as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness in plants? (2006) Euphytica, 148, pp. 35-46; Harper, J.L., Biological Flora of the British Isles No. 33 (1957) Journal of Ecology, 45, pp. 289-342; Hayes, L., Fowler, S.V., Paynter, Q., Groenteman, R., Peterson, P., Dodd, S., Bellgard, S., Biocontrol of weeds: Achievements to date and future outlook (2013) Ecosystem Services in New Zealand-conditions and Trends, pp. 375-385. , Dymond JR ed Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand; Houliston, G.J., Chapman, H.M., Reproductive strategy and population variability in the facultative apomict Hieracium pilosella (Asteraceae) (2004) American Journal of Botany, 91, pp. 37-44; Lusk, C.S., Bourdot, G.W., Harrington, K.C., Hurrell, G.A., Pasture tolerance and efficacy of three herbicides used against giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris subsp. Acris L.) (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 86-92; Ma, L., Dolezel, J., Estimation of nuclear DNA content in Sesleria (Poaceae) (1998) Caryologia, 52, pp. 123-132; Okada, M., Lyle, M., Jasieniuk, M., Inferring the geographical origin of the invasive apomictic grass Cortaderia jubata using microsatellite markers (2009) Diversity and Distributions, 15, pp. 148-157; Otto, F.J., DAPI staining of fixed cells for high-resolution flow cytometry of nuclear DNA (1990) Methods in Cell Biology, 33, pp. 105-110. , Crissman HA, Darzynkiewicz Z ed Academic Press, New York, USA; Paun, O., Lehnebach, C., Johansson, J.T., Lockhart, P., Horandl, E., Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Ranunculus and allied genera (Ranunculaceae) in the Mediterranean region and in the European alpine system (2005) Taxon, 54, pp. 911-930; Shaw, J., Lickey, E.B., Schilling, E.E., Small, R.L., Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: The tortoise and the hare III (2007) American Journal of Botany, 94, pp. 275-288; Sorokin, H., The chromosomes of Ranunculus acris (1927) The American Naturalist, 61, pp. 571-574; Sorokin, H., Cytological and morphological investigations of gynodimorphic and normal forms of Ranunculus acris L (1927) Genetics, 12, pp. 59-83; Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S., MEGA 5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods (2011) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, pp. 2731-2739; White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics (1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, pp. 315-322. , Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ ed Academic Press, Inc., New York, USA PY - 2015 SP - 112-117 ST - The genetic variation in giant buttercup in New Zealand pastures T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The genetic variation in giant buttercup in New Zealand pastures UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960426119&partnerID=40&md5=540432a487a24245253d1b32fa34cde3 VL - 68 ID - 104 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In New Zealand, unmanaged bees species can be important crop pollinators, but their abundance and distribution is poorly known within hybrid carrot seed crops. Standardised counts of bees visiting flowering carrot umbels (1350 umbels observed/field) across 19 commercial hybrid fields were conducted between 1000 h and 1500 h. Despite honey bees being observed in all fields, abundance varied greatly between fields (mean=98.1; maximum=330, minimum=1). Other bees observed visiting umbels were Lasioglossum sordidum (17 fields; mean=14; maximum=65); Leioproctus sp. (12 fields; mean=2.0; maximum=19); Hylaeus sp. (one field; maximum= 1) and Bombus terrestris (six fields; mean=2.0; maximum=11). The number of individual bees (all species together) counted/umbel on male fertile umbels was significantly higher than on male sterile umbels, a factor that could contribute to sub-optimal pollen flow between umbel lines by bees. Examination of their movements between male fertile and sterile lines is required to verify their efficiency as pollinators. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Lankin-Vega, G. O. AU - Pattemore, D. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Artz, D.R., Nault, B.A., Performance of Apis mellifera, Bombus impatiens, and Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as pollinators of pumpkin (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 (4), pp. 1153-1161; Brittain, C., Williams, N., Kremen, C., Klein, A.M., Synergistic effects of non-Apis bees and honey bees for pollination services (2013) Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 280 (1754); Davidson, M.M., Butler, R.C., Howlett, B.G., Apis mellifera and Megachile rotundata: A comparison of behaviour and seed yield in a hybrid carrot seed crop (2010) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 38, pp. 113-117; Donovan, B.J., (2007) Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand, p. 295p. , Landcare Research Ltd. Christchurch, New Zealand; Erickson, E.H., Peterson, C.E., Problems encountered in the pollination of cytoplasmically male-sterile hybrid carrot seed parents (1979) Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Pollination, Maryland, USA., pp. 59-63; , p. 53. , http://www.far.org.nz/mm_uploads/25801_FAR_focus_7-crop_pollination.pdf, Foundation for Arable Research 2012. Crop Pollination, FAR focus, Issue 7 (accessed 10 April 2015); Galuszka, H., Tegrek, K., Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) foraging in seed plantations of hybrid carrot (Daucus carotaL.) (1989) Proceedings of the XXXIst International Congress of Apiculture, Warsaw, Poland, Apimondia Publishing House, Bucharest Romania., pp. 334-336; Garibaldi, L.A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Ma, A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S.A., Kremen, C., Afik, O., Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey-bee abundance (2013) Science, 339, pp. 1608-1611; Hawthorn, L.R., Bohart, G.E., Toole, E.H., Nye, W.P., Levin, M.D., Carrot seed production as affected by insect pollination (1960) Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, 422, pp. 1-18; Howlett, B.G., Hybrid carrot seed crop pollination by the fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2012) Journal of Applied Entomology, 136, pp. 421-430; Howlett, B.G., Butler, R.C., Nelson Donovan W.R, B., (2013) Impact of Climate Change on Crop Pollinator Activity in New Zealand, p. 45. , www.mpi.govt.nz/document-vault/4101, MPI Technical Paper No: 2013/30, Ministry for Primary Industries (accessed 13 April 2015); Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Rader, R., Butler, R.C., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Daj, T., Can insect body pollen counts be used to estimate pollen deposition on pak choi stigmas? (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 25-31; Perez-Banon, C., Petanidou, T., Ma, M., Pollination in small islands by occasional visitors: The case of Daucus carota subsp commutatus (Apiaceae) in the Columbretes archipelago, Spain (2007) Plant Ecology, 192 (1), pp. 133-151; Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., Sarkar, D., R Core Team 2014. Nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R Package Version 3.1-117, , http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme, (accessed 6 April 2015); Rader, R., Howlett, B.G., Cunningham, S.A., Westcott, D.A., Edwards, W., Spatial and temporal variation in pollinator effectiveness: Do unmanaged insects provide consistent pollination services to mass flowering crops? (2012) Journal of Applied Ecology, 49 (1), pp. 126-134; Rader, R., Howlett, B.G., Cunningham, S.A., Westcott, D.A., Newstrom-Lloyd, L., Walker, M.K., Daj, T., Edwards, W., Alternative pollinator taxa are equally efficient, but not as effective as the honeybee in a mass flowering crop (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 1080-1087 PY - 2015 SP - 373-379 ST - Native and introduced bee abundances on carrot seed crops in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Native and introduced bee abundances on carrot seed crops in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960376767&partnerID=40&md5=f69e6130b11db5ada7690d511ddce9b5 VL - 68 ID - 139 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The leaf beetle Neolema ogloblini was released in 2011 as a biological control agent for Tradescantia fluminensis, a major warm temperate forest environmental weed in New Zealand. To assess whether N. ogloblini can suppress T. fluminensis and improve native seedling growth and survival, a glasshouse experiment was established. Kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum) and mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus) seedlings were planted underneath uncontrolled T. fluminensis and compared with seedlings (1) under T. fluminensis damaged by N. ogloblini, (2) under T. fluminensis sprayed with herbicide (triclopyr) and (3) released from competition by manually removing T. fluminensis. Seedlings did not grow faster in response to reduced T. fluminensis biomass and increased light levels following feeding by N. ogloblini over the 12-week experiment. However, seedling survival rates were higher (kawakawa 87% and mahoe 93%) with N. ogloblini feeding than herbicide-treatment (kawakawa 17% and mahoe 3%) T. fluminensis. Survival in uncontrolled T. fluminensis (kawakawa 90% and mahoe 57%) varied for the two species. This experiment suggests that regeneration of native plants may benefit from damage to T. fluminensis caused by N. ogloblini feeding in the field. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jackman, S. D. AU - Peterson, P. G. AU - Robertson, A. W. AU - Van Koten, C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Tradescantia, , http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/threats-and-impacts/weeds/common-weeds-in-new-zealand/tradescantia, Department of Conservation 2012 (accessed 18 December 2012); Ebbet, R.L., Ogden, J., Comparative seedling growth of five endemic New Zealand podocarp species under different light schemes (1998) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 36 (2), pp. 189-201; Esler, A.E., The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand 6Alien Plants as weeds (1988) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 25 (4), pp. 585-618; Fowler, S.V., Barretto, R., Dodd, S., Macedo, D.M., Paynter, Q., Pedrosa-Macedo, J.H., Pereira, O.L., Forrester, G., Tradescantia fluminensis, an exotic weed affecting native forest regeneration in New Zealand: Ecological surveys, safety tests and releases of four biocontrol agents from Brazil (2013) Biological Control, 64 (3), pp. 323-329; Graebing, P., Frank, M.P., Chib, J.S., Soil photolysis of herbicides in a moisture-and temperature-controlled environment (2003) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, pp. 4331-4337; Harrington, K.C., Schmitz, H.K., Initial screening of herbicides tolerated by native plants (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 133-136; Hurrell, G.A., James, T.K., Lusk, C.S., Trolove, M.R., Herbicide selection for wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) control (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 368-373; Kelly, D., Skipworth, J.P., Tradescantia fluminensis in a Manawatu (New Zealand) forest: 2. Management by herbicides (1984) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 22 (3), pp. 399-402; Kim, K.S., Sappington, T.W., Population genetics strategies to characterize longdistance dispersal of insects (2013) Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 16 (1), pp. 87-97; Research, L., A new agent approved (2013) What's New in Biological Control of Weeds?, 64, p. 8; Myers, J.A., Kitajima, K., Carbohydrate storage enhances seedling shade and stress tolerance in a neotropical forest (2007) Journal of Ecology, 95, pp. 383-395; Standish, R.J., Experimenting with methods to control Tradescantia fluminensis, an invasive weed of native forest remnants in New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 26 (2), pp. 161-170; Standish, R.J., Impact of an invasive clonal herb on epigaeic invertebrates in forest remnants in New Zealand (2004) Biological Conservation, 116 (1), pp. 49-58; Standish, R.J., Robertson, A.W., Williams, P.A., The impact of an invasive weed Tradescantia fluminensis on native forest regeneration (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, pp. 1253-1263; Standish, R.J., Williams, P.A., Robertson, A.W., Scott, N.A., Hedderley, D.I., Invasion by a perennial herb increases decomposition rate and alters nutrient availability in warm temperate lowland forest remnants (2004) Biological Invasions, 6, pp. 71-81; Syrett, P., Biological control of weeds on conservation land: Priorities for the Department of Conservation (2002) DOC Science Internal Series, 82, p. 28p. , Department of Conservation, Wellington; Toft, R.J., Harris, R.J., Williams, P.A., Impacts of the weed Tradescantia fluminensis on insect communities in fragmented forests in New Zealand (2001) Biological Conservation, 102, pp. 31-46 PY - 2015 SP - 187-192 ST - Neolema ogloblini: Exploring a new option for the control of tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Neolema ogloblini: Exploring a new option for the control of tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960325368&partnerID=40&md5=cc143f93af87f7b47a6f37830ec00b65 VL - 68 ID - 105 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tradescantia fluminensis, Plectranthus ciliatus, Asparagus scandens, Hedera helix, Lamium galeobdolon and Selaginella kraussiana are all mat-forming invasive species that limit regeneration of native plants in forest remnants in New Zealand. Experiments using potted specimens of these weeds showed that low rates (338-675 g/ha) of the herbicide triclopyr gave >90% defoliation of T. fluminensis, A. scandens and L. galeobdolon, but a higher rate of 1350 g/ha only gave 85% defoliation of H. helix. Diquat gave 85% defoliation of P. ciliatus. Aminopyralid was effective against S. kraussiana but was very slow acting. These experiments have identified herbicides and application rates for effective forest weed management to facilitate native plant regeneration in New Zealand temperate forests. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - James, T. K. AU - Dowsett, C. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2014) University of Hertfordshire, , http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/index.htm, Anonymous PPDB: Pesticide Properties DataBase (accessed 5/12/2014); Bolan, N.S., Adriano, D.C., Kunhikrishnan, A., James, T.K., McDowell, R., Senesi, N., Dissolved organic matter: Biogeochemistry, dynamics, and environmental significance in soils (2011) Advances in Agronomy, 110, pp. 1-78; Crone, E.E., Marler, M., De, P., Non-target effects of broadleaf herbicide on a native perennial forb: A demographic framework for assessing and minimizing impacts (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 673-682; Hurrell, G.A., James, T.K., Lusk, C.S., Trolove, M., Herbicide selection for wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) control (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 368-373; James, T.K., Cooper, J.M., Control of the recently-introduced weed butterprint (Abutilon theophrasti) in maize (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 64-68; James, T.K., Holland, P.T., Rahman, A., Lu, Y.R., Degradation of the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron in a high-organic-matter volcanic soil (1999) Weed Research, 39, pp. 137-148; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Ragwort and nodding thistle control with novel 2, 4-D mixtures (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 127-133; Kelly, D., Skipworth, J.P., Tradescantia fluminensis in a Manawatu (New Zealand) forest: II. Management by herbicides (1984) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 22, pp. 399-402; Moosavi-Nia, H., Dore, J., Factors affecting glyphosate activity in Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. and Cyperus rotundus L. II: Effect of shade (1979) Weed Research, 19, pp. 321-327; Popay, I., Champion, P., James, T., An illustrated guide to common weeds of New Zealand (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Lincoln, New Zealand., p. 416. , ISBN 978-0-472-16285-6; Randall, J., Weed control for the preservation of biological diversity (1996) Weed Technology, 10, pp. 370-383; Reid, A.M., Morin, L., Downey, P.O., French, K., Virtue, J.G., Does invasive plant management aid the restoration of natural ecosystems? (2009) Biological Conservation, 142, pp. 2342-2349; Skurski, T.C., Maxwell, B.D., Rew, L.J., Ecological tradeoffs in non-native plant management (2013) Biological Conservation, 159, pp. 292-302; Standish, R.J., Experimenting with methods to control Tradescantia fluminensis, an invasive weed of native forest remnants in New Zealand (2002) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 26, pp. 161-170; Standish, R.J., Robertson, A.W., Williams, P.A., The impact of the invasive weed Tradescantia fluminensis on native forest regeneration (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology, 38, pp. 1253-1263; Sullivan, J.J., Meurk, C., Whaley, K.J., Simcock, R., Restoring native ecosystems in urban Auckland: Urban soils, isolation, and weeds as impediments to forest establishment (2009) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 33, pp. 60-71; Sullivan, J.J., Williams, P.A., Timmins, S.M., Smale, M.C., Distribution and spread of environmental weeds along New Zealand roadsides (2009) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 33, pp. 109-204; Timmins, S.M., Reid, V., Climbing asparagus, Asparagus scandens Thunb.: A South African in your forest patch (2000) Austral Ecology, 25, pp. 533-538; The weed control handbook. Weedbusters New Zealand. New Holland Publishers (NZ) Ltd (2011) Auckland., p. 112. , Weedbusters ISBN 978-1-86966-321-6 PY - 2015 SP - 1-6 ST - Herbicide responses of mat-forming weeds of forest remnants in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Herbicide responses of mat-forming weeds of forest remnants in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960455374&partnerID=40&md5=e0998c26a0e050319e9d58ba7a7b3be4 VL - 68 ID - 141 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Maize silage is an important dairy feed supplement and is often transported many kilometres from where it is grown to where it is ensiled. Debris has been observed to blow from the transporting trucks as they travel along the road, raising concerns about the spread of weeds. In this study, trucks carrying freshly chopped maize were intercepted as they departed the field and samples from inside and outside the loaded crate were collected and analysed for weed seeds. Seeds from 15 weed species were found in numbers up to 1300 seeds/kg of freshly chopped maize. Generally, more seed was found in trucks collecting from the headland area compared with the main crop area, and additionally in the first year there was more debris on the outside of the headland trucks. Some mitigating practices to reduce the potential for dispersal of weed seeds in chopped maize are discussed. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - James, T. K. AU - Dowsett, C. A. AU - Trolove, M. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: AIMI-Survey of Maize Areas & Volumes, , http://www.far.org.nz/mm_uploads/AIMI_Maize_Report_FINAL_25_ll_14.pdf, AIMI 2014 October 31, 2014 (accessed 30 March 2015); Bailleul, D., Oilier, S., Huet, S., Gardarin, A., Lecomte, J., Seed spillage from grain trailers on road verges during oilseed rape harvest: An experimental survey (2012) PloS One, 7 (3), p. e32752; Christen, D.C., Matlack, G.R., The role of roadsides in plant invasions: A demographic approach (2006) Conservation Biology, 20, pp. 385-391; Christen, D.C., Matlack, G.R., The habitat and conduit functions of roads in the spread of three invasive plant species (2009) Biological Invasions, 11, pp. 453-465; Clifford, H.T., Seed dispersal by motor vehicles (1959) Journal of Ecology, 47, pp. 311-315; James, T.K., Tozer, K.N., Rahman, A., Yellow bristle grass; A recent weed incursion in Waikato dairy pastures (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 39-42; James, T.K., Popay, A.I., Champion, P., Grbavac, N., Rhode, B., An illustrated guide to weed seeds of New Zealand (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Lincoln, New Zealand., p. 126. , ISBN 978-0-473-22410-3; Gelbard, J.L., Belnap, J., Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape (2003) Conservation Biology, 17, pp. 420-432; Lamoureaux, S.L., Bourdot, G.W., The potential distribution of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 226-230 PY - 2015 SP - 118-123 ST - Identification and enumeration of weed seeds in chopped maize being transported for silage T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Identification and enumeration of weed seeds in chopped maize being transported for silage UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960396773&partnerID=40&md5=e8c882622ea120014f397a8c154ec62a VL - 68 ID - 90 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) is a highly invasive semi-evergreen shrubby weed found throughout New Zealand. Described as a serious pasture weed in 1937, it has been held in check for many years by tutsan rust. Recently it has spread rapidly into pasture, forestry and conservation areas. Present methods available for managing tutsan are proving inadequate and unsustainable. This review paper provides an overview of tutsan's biology, ecology, habitat and its current distribution in New Zealand. It details possible management strategies and control options with emphasis on control by herbicides. The paper identifies a number of potential herbicides which, although not currently registered for control of tutsan, have shown good efficacy on this weed and could be developed for use on agricultural land through further research. Herbicides currently registered for control of tutsan in Australia as well as the current recommendations in Victoria and Western Australia are also summarised. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baker, S.D., Note on tutsan rust in New Zealand (1955) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology Section A, 36, pp. 483-484; Casonato, S.G., Lawrie, A.C., McLaren, D.A., Biological control of Hypericum androsaemum with Melampsora hypericorum (1999) Proceedings of the 12th Australian Weeds Conference, pp. 339-342; Crak, C., Ayan, A.K., Kevseroglu, K., Physiological and physical seed dormancy of some Hypericum species growing in Turkey (2006) Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 53, pp. 3-8; Deiser, E., Eichin, R., Hypericum variety comparisons (2000) TASPO Gartenbaumagazin, 10 (2), pp. 24-26; Groenteman, R., Prospects for the biological control of tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum L.) (2009) Landcare Research Contract Report: LC0809/146. Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand., p. 25p; Guedes, A.P., Amorim, L.R., Ams, V., Ramos, G., Fernandes-Ferreira, M., Variation of the essential oil content and composition in leaves from cultivated plants of Hypericum androsaemum L (2004) Phytochemical Analysis, 15, pp. 146-151; Heenan, P.B., Three newly recognised species of Hypericum (Clusiaceae) from New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 46, pp. 547-558; Hilgendorf, F.W., (1937) Weeds of New Zealand and How to Eradicate Them. 2nd Edition (Revised), p. 238p. , Whitcombe & Tombs Limited, Auckland, New Zealand; Howell, C., (2008) Consolidated List of Environmental Weeds in New Zealand. DOC Research & Development Series 292, p. 42p. , Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Hutchinson, T.C., Lime-chlorosis as a factor in seedling establishment on calcareous soils: I. A comparative study of species from acidic and calcareous soils in their susceptibility to lime-chlorosis (1967) New Phytologist, 66, pp. 697-705; Johns, G.A., Control of tutsan (1967) Proceedings of the 20th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 17-20; Kitanov, G.M., Hypericin and pseudohypericin in some Hypericum species (2001) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 29, pp. 171-178; Lamp, C., Collet, F., (1989) Field Guide to Weeds in Australia. 3rd Edition, p. 332p. , Inkata Press, Melbourne, Sydney Australia; Lynch, P.B., Results of trials with hormone weedkillers (1947) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 75, pp. 117-127; (2015), http://wwwbiosecuritygovt.nz/pests/tutsan, MAF BNZ. Tutsan (accessed 20 March 2015); Maggi, F., Ferretti, G., Pocceschi, N., Menghini, L., Ricciutelli, M., Morphological, histochemical and phytochemical investigation on the genus Hypericum of the central Italy (2004) Fitoterapia, 75, pp. 702-711; McDiarmid, B.N., Soil residues of picloram applied aerially to New Zealand brush weeds (1975) Proceedings of the 28th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 109-114; McLaren, D.A., Facts from farmer use and trials of Tordon Brushkiller 520 (1971) Service (Spring-summer, pp. 10-13; McLaren, D.A., Bruzzese, E., Pascoe, I.G., The potential of fungal pathogens to control Hypericum species in Australia (1997) Plant Protection Quarterly, 12 (2), pp. 81-83; Miller, D., Cawthorn Institute entomological investigations (1949) Reports of the Department for Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand, 23, pp. 71-72; Miller, D., (1970) Biological Control of Weeds in New Zealand 1927-48, , Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Moffat, R.W., A summary of investigations with picloram on certain scrub weeds (1965) Proceedings of the 18th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 17-23; Morteza-Semnani, K., Saeedi, M., The essential oil composition of Hypericum androsaemum L. Leaves and flowers from Iran (2005) Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20, pp. 332-334; Muyt, A., (2001) Bush Invaders of South-East Australia: A Guide to the Identification and Control of Environmental Weeds Found in South-east Australia, p. 304p. , R.G & F.J. Richardson, Meredith, Victoria, Australia; New Zealand Biosecurity Institute 2015, , http://biosecurity.org.nz/news/tutsan, (accessed 20 March 2015); Young, S., Ed, (2015) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, p. 864p. , AgriMedia Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand; Owen, S.J., (1997) Ecological Weeds on Conservation Land in New Zealand: A Database, p. 118p. , Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand; Parsons, W.T., Cuthbertson, E.C., (1992) Noxious Weeds of Australia, p. 692p. , Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia; Patterson, T.M., Departmental trials with picloram (1965) Proceedings of the 18th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 24-31; Popay, A.I., Champion, P.D., James, T.K., (2010) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand, 3rd Edition, p. 416p. , New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.), Lincoln, New Zealand; Cjc, R., Chemoreceptor specificity associated with choice of feeding site by the beetle, Chrysolina brunsvicenensis on its food plant, Hypericum hirsutum (1969) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 12, pp. 565-583; Rch, S., (2004) Pretty but Poisonous: Plants Poisonous to People-an Illustrated Guide for Australia, p. 202p. , RG and FJ Richardson, Meredith, Victoria, Australia; Smelcerovic, A., Zuehlke, S., Spiteller, M., Raabe, N., Ozen, T., Phenolic constituents of 17 Hypericum species from Turkey (2008) Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 36, pp. 316-319; Stoyanova, M., Apostolova, B., The influence of altitude upon the biochemical composition of tutsan (Hypericum perforatum L.) (1992) Nauka Za Gorata, 29 (4), pp. 77-82; Sullivan, J.J., Williams, P.A., Timmins, S.M., Secondary forest succession differs through naturalised gorse and native kanuka near Wellington and Nelson (2007) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 31, pp. 22-38; Sykes, W.R., Checklist of dicotyledons naturalised in New Zealand: 12. Haloragales, Myrtales, Proteales, Theales, Violales (excluding Violaceae) (1982) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 20, pp. 73-80; Syme, P.S., Spread of tutsan on hill pastures (1942) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 64, pp. 409-410; Thomas, P., (2007) Global Compendium of Weeds, , http://www.hear.org/gew/species/hypericum_androsaemum, (accessed 20 March 2015); Trueblood, C.E., Ranney, T.G., Lynch, N.P., Neal, J.C., Olsen, R.T., Evaluating fertility of triploid clones of Hypericum androsaemum L. for use as non-invasive landscape plants (2010) HortScience, 45, pp. 1026-1028; http://maxa.mafgovt.nz/sff/about-projects/search/L08-051/tutsan-action-group-booklet.pdf, Tutsan Action Group 2009 (accessed 20 March 2015); Van Der Veken, S., Bossuyt, B., Hermy, M., Climatic gradients explain changes in plant community composition of the forest understorey: An extrapolation after climate warming (2004) Belgian Journal of Botany, 137, pp. 55-69; Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R., Garnock-Jones, P.J., (1988) Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons, pp. 599-601. , Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch, New Zealand; (2015) Detailed Information Sheet. Hypericum Androsaemum, , http://weedbusters.co.nz/weed_info/detail.asp?WeedID=53, WeedBusters (accessed 20 March 2015); Whatman, A., Tutsan-economic control of a problem weed (1967) New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, 115 (3), pp. 24-27 PY - 2015 SP - 124-131 ST - Management and control options for tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) in hill country pastures a review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Management and control options for tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum) in hill country pastures a review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960426066&partnerID=40&md5=e74b1bfeb55f69897c1a055414a6ef64 VL - 68 ID - 125 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jamieson, L. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2015 SP - xv-xvi ST - Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960414143&partnerID=40&md5=a9a8cddba1c818066431816e9b1aea89 VL - 68 ID - 95 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Methyl bromide fumigation became mandatory for capsicums and truss tomatoes exported to Australia after tomato potato psyllid (TPP) was detected in 2006 in New Zealand. Methyl bromide detrimentally affects product quality by increasing rots and the browning of the green stems. An alternative being tested is ethyl formate (EF) and carbon dioxide, commercially available as VAPORMATE®. This study examined the tolerances of different life stages of TPP to EF. Eggs were considerably more tolerant of EF than adults and nymphs. Complete elimination of egg hatch was achieved after a 1-h exposure to 1.19% EF. In contrast, all nymphs and adults were killed after a 1-h exposure to 0.12% and 0.06% EF, respectively. Assessment of egg mortality was altered to better reflect the post-hatch treatment effects on nymph survival. In a subsequent egg age tolerance trial, mean lethal concentrations for 99% mortality ranged from ca 1% EF for young and older eggs to ca 1.5% EF for mid-aged eggs. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ch, B., The tolerance of developmental stages of four stored product moths to phosphine (1976) Journal of Store Products Research, 12, pp. 77-86; Ch, B., Sawidou, N., The toxicity of Vikane (sulfuryl floride) to age groups of eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) (1999) Journal of Stored Products Research, 35, pp. 233-247; Chhagan, A., Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Nem, P., Poulton, J., Zulhendri, F., Feng, R., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips {Ihrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 63-74; Cleveland, W.S., Crosse, E., Shyu, W.M., Local regression models. Chapter 8 (1992) Statistical Models in S. Wadsworth, pp. 309-376. , Chambers JM, Hastie TJ ed Brooks/Cole, CA, USA; Griffin, M.J., Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Nem, P., Poulton, J., Davis, V.A., Zulhendri, F., Connolly, P.G., The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 54-62; Hastie, T.J., Pregibon, D., Generalized linear models. Chapter 6 (1992) Statistical Models in S, pp. 196-248. , Chambers JM, Hastie TJ eds Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole; Jamieson, L., Page-Weir, N., Chhagan, A., Connolly Poulton P, J., Kean, A., The potential of using low oxygen and ethyl formate or ethyl acetate to disinfest fresh fruit in storage (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 45-53; Jamieson, L., Page-Weir, N., Redpath, S., Griffin, M., Chhagan, A., Olsson, S., Woolf, A., Scaling up of ethyl formate + C02 treatment to disinfest capsicums, truss tomatoes and tamarillos targeting tomato/potato psyllid (2014) Plant & Food Research Report No. 10750. Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 42; Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M., Nem, P., Chhagan, A., Redpath, S., Connolly, P.G., Developing ethyl formate treatment for disinfesting pipfruit (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 96-102; Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Chhagan, A., Nem, P., Redpath, S.P., Olsson, S., Connolly, P.G., Woolf, A.B., Advances in the development of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control pests of horticultural commodities (2014) International Horticultural Congress, , 17-22 August 2014, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jamieson, L.E., Meier, X., Bbc, P., Zulhendri, F., Nem, P., Brash, D., McDonald, R.M., Woolf, A.B., A review of postharvest disinfestation technologies for selected fruits and vegetables (2009) Plant & Food Research Report No. 36072. Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 179p; Potato/Tomato Psyllid Bactericera Cockerelli, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/potato-tomato-psyllid, MPI 2014 (accessed 10 April 2015); Papachristos, D.P., Stamopoulos, D.C., Fumigant toxicity of three essential oils on the eggs of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (2004) Journal of Stored Products Research, 40, pp. 517-525; Nem, P., Jamieson, L.E., Radpath, S.R., Griffin, M.J., Olsson, S.R., Chhagan, A., Biswas, P., Woolf, A.B., High-pressure-washing to manage insect infestations on capsicums (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 348-352; R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , R Core Team 2013 R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Redpath, S.P., Jamieson, L.E., Olsson, S., Weir NEM, P., Griffin, M., Chhagan, A., Woolf, A.B., Tolerance of capsicums to ethyl formate applied as a disinfestation treatment (2015) Plant & Food Research Report No. 11522. Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 20p; Ryan, R., Bishop, S., VAPORMATE™ nonflammable ethyl formate/liquid carbon dioxide fumigant mixture (2003) Stored Grain in Australia 2003. Proceedings of the Australian Postharvest Technical Conference, Canberra, pp. 190-192. , Wright EJ, Webb MC, Highley E ed 25-27 June 2003. CSIRO Stored Grain Research Laboratory, Canberra; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 1084-1090; Tran, L.T., (2012) Population Phenology, Life Table and Forecasting Models of Tomato-potato Psyllid (Bactericera Cockerelli) and the Efficiency of A Selected Natural Enemy for Its Control, p. 121p. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand; GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Database, , http://www.fda.gov/food/ingredientspackaginglabeling/gras/scogs/ucm2006852.htm, US FDA 2015 (accessed 10 April 2015); Williams, L.H., Sprenkel, R.J., Ovicidal activity of sulfuryl fluoride to anobiid and lyctid beetle eggs of various ages (1990) Journal of Entomological Science, 25, pp. 366-375 PY - 2015 SP - 91-97 ST - The tolerance of tomato potato psyllid life stages to ethyl formate T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The tolerance of tomato potato psyllid life stages to ethyl formate UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960468459&partnerID=40&md5=c462ea00d635e97ec0089bbc79b5d471 VL - 68 ID - 128 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The recent increased use of the high-quality drought-tolerant forage plant plantain (Plantago lanceolata) (Plantaginaceae) has been associated with outbreaks of native geometrid caterpillars, such as Scopula rubraria. The outbreaks most often occur under warm climatic conditions and within plantain monocrops. Pest populations can reach 11,500 larvae/m2. Stands can be severely damaged with 90% of plants destroyed and stand life expectancy reduced by 2-3 years. This study assessed the efficacy of the insecticidal bacterium Yersinia entomophaga against S. rubraria under laboratory conditions using a leaf dip bioassay. A LD50 of 2.26 ± 0.33×105 cells per larva was determined with an LT50 defined as 3.1 days when treated with 4.8×106 cells per larva. These data combined with the life history of S. rubraria and the pathobiology of Y. entomophaga suggest the bacterium could be developed as a biopesticide for use against S. rubraria. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jones, S. A. AU - Ferguson, C. M. AU - Philip, B. A. AU - Van Koten, C. AU - Hurst, M. R. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ferguson, C.M., Barton, D.M., Harper, L.A., Swaminathan, J., Hurst, M.R.H., Van Koten, C., Survival of Yersinia entomophagaMH96 in a pasture ecosystem and effects on pest and non-target invertebrate populations (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 166-173; Ferguson, C.M., Philip, B.A., (2014) Plantain Moth Investigation. Report for Beef+Lamb New Zealand (A20551), AgResearch Client Report Number: RE400/2014/548, p. 13. , http://beeflambnz.Com/Documents/Farm/Plantain%20moth%20investigation.pdf, (accessed 15 June 2015); Mrh, H., Becher, S.A., Young, S.D., Nelson, T.L., Glare, T.R., Yersinia entomophaga sp. Nov., isolated from the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica (2011) International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 61, pp. 844-849; Mrh, H., Rogers, D.J., Wright, D.A., Townsend, R.J., Bruening, R., Cole, L.M., Harper, L.A., Jackson, T.A., Effect of the bacterium Yersinia entomophaga on adult bronze beetle (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 209-214; Mrh, H., Van Koten, C., Jackson, T.A., Pathology of Yersinia entomophaga MH96 towards Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptra: Scarabaeidae) larvae (2014) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 115, pp. 102-107; Philip, B.A., Ferguson, C.M., Larval development of the plantain feeding moth Scopula rubraria (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, p. 327. , (Abstract only); Stewart, A., Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)-z potential pasture species (1996) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 58, pp. 77-86; Stewart, A., Kerr, G., Lissaman, W., Rowarth, J., Pasture and Forage plants for New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Grassland Association. Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 8. Fourth Edition., pp. 64-65; Watson, R.N., Neville, F.J., Bell, N.L., Insect pests associated with white and Caucasian clover in a Bay of Plenty dairy pasture (1996) New Zealand Plant Protection, 49, pp. 234-238; Watson, R.N., Neville, F.J., Bell, N.L., Harris, S.L., Caucasian clover as a pasture legume for dryland dairying in the coastal Bay of Plenty (1996) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 58, pp. 183-188 PY - 2015 SP - 146-150 ST - Assessing the potential of Yersinia entomophaga to control plantain moth in a laboratory assay T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Assessing the potential of Yersinia entomophaga to control plantain moth in a laboratory assay UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960445686&partnerID=40&md5=60a3ecea9348f11ac3d7ffa112ace351 VL - 68 ID - 94 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Camelina sativa seedling emergence and plant growth can be reduced by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The effect of a mixture of Trichoderma atroviride isolates applied in granule and prill formulations at a rate equivalent to 15 kg/ha on two varieties of C. sativa (Suneson and 4164) was evaluated in glasshouse experiments using R. solani infested soil. The bio-inoculant treatments significantly increased seedling emergence by 30-60%, and increased total shoot and root dry weight by 4-8 fold over that of the untreated control. In a field experiment in 2012-2013, using C. sativa variety 4164, the prill formulation of the bioinoculant was applied at sowing. Seedling emergence was not significantly increased but shoot dry weight was increased by 20% and seed yield was increased by 25% by the bio-inoculant treatment over that of the control. Trichoderma bio-inoculants may have a role in the integrated crop management of this second generation bio-fuel crop. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Kandula, D. R. W. AU - Alizadeh, H. AU - Teixiera, C. S. P. AU - Gale, D. AU - Stewart, A. AU - Hampton, J. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cai, X., Zhang, X., Wang, D., Land availability for biofuel production (2011) Environmental Science & Technology, 45, pp. 334-339; Chohan, P.K., Drw, K., Stewart, A., Hampton, J.G., Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani in perennial ryegrass using Trichoderma atroviride isolates (2010) Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Soilborne Diseases Symposium, p. 35; Conn, K.L., Browne, L.M., Tewari, J.P., Ayer, A., Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and presence of antimicrobial compounds in Camelina sativa roots (1994) Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 3, pp. 125-130; Dale, V.H., Kline, K.L., Wiens, J., Fagione, J., (2010) Biofuels: Implications for Land Use and Biodiversity. Biofuels and Sustainability Reports. Report to Ecological Society of America, (, p. 13p. , www.esa.org/biofuelsreports; Falloon, R.E., Fungi pathogenic to ryegrass seedlings (1985) Plant and Soil, 86, pp. 79-86; Fasi, V.T., Martin, R.J., Smallfield, B.M., McKenzie, B.A., Sowing date effects on timing of growth stages, yield and oil content of potential biodiesel crops (2012) Agronomy New Zealand, 42, pp. 33-42; Fleenor, R.A., Plant guide for Camelina [Camelina sativa) (2011) USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Spokane, WA 99201, USA., p. 5p; Gugel, R.K., Falk, K.C., Agronomic and seed quality evaluation of Camelina sativa in western Canada (2006) Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 86, pp. 1047-1058; Harman, G.E., Multifunctional fungal plant symbionts: New tools to enhance plant growth and productivity (2011) New Phytologist, 189, pp. 647-640; Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I., Lorito, M., Trichoderma species-opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts (2004) Nature Reviews, 2, pp. 43-56; Harvey, I.C., Harvey, B.M., Pasture diseases in New Zealand (2010) Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand., p. 144p; Drw, K., Jones, E.E., Stewart, A., McLean, K.L., Hampton, J.G., Trichoderma species for biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens of pasture species (2015) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 25, pp. 1052-1069; McKenzie, B.A., Smallfield, B.M., Fasi, V., Martin, R.J., Possible species for the production of biodiesel on marginal land (2011) Agronomy New Zealand, 41, pp. 97-107; Moser, B.R., Biodiesel from alternative oilseed feedstocks: Camelina and field pennycress (2012) Biofuels, 3, pp. 193-209; Pikul, J., Wojtowski, J., Dankow, R., Teichert, J., Czyzak-Runowska, G., Cais-Sokolinska, D., Cieslak, A., Bagnicka, E., The effect of false flax (Camelina sativa) cake dietary supplementation in dairy goats on fatty acid profile of kefir (2014) Small Ruminant Research, 122, pp. 44-49; Seguin-Swartz, G., Eynck, C., Gugel, R.K., Strelkov, S.E., Olivier, C.Y., Li, J.L., Klein-Gebbinck, H., Falk, K.C., Diseases of Camelina sativa (false flax) (2009) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 31, pp. 375-386; Vollmann, J., Eynck, C., Camelina as a sustainable oilseed crop: Contributions of plant breeding and genetic engineering (2015) Biotechnology Journal, 10, pp. 525-535; Yuan, J.S., Tiller, K.H., Al-Ahmad, H., Stewart, N.R., Stewart, C.N., Jr., Plants to power: Bioenergy to fuel the future (2008) Trends in Plant Science, 13, pp. 421-429 PY - 2015 SP - 160-165 ST - Trichoderma bio-inoculant improves seedling emergence, plant growth and seed yield of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Trichoderma bio-inoculant improves seedling emergence, plant growth and seed yield of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960370028&partnerID=40&md5=496473c56c7d8312085a9f6139599e69 VL - 68 ID - 135 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tephritid fruit flies have been comparatively well studied because of the damage they cause to horticultural crops in affected countries. New Zealand benefits from this knowledge as it continues to exclude economically damaging fruit fly species. For example, fruit fly development models are used for biosecurity risk analysis and decision making during incursion responses. Here, the literature was searched for development times for three species of particular concern to New Zealand: the Mediterranean fruit fly, the Queensland fruit fly and the oriental fruit fly. The published data were re-analysed to fit development models to the different life stages and the generation time. The new models were then compared with previously published models for these species. The generation time models were found to give reasonably accurate predictions when validated against published estimates of field voltinism overseas. This paper presents the most comprehensive analysis to date of fruit fly development times and degree day models. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Kean, J. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Acosta, H., White, P., (2011) Atlas of Biosecurity Surveillance, 2011 May, , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; (1996) Code of Practice for Management of Queensland Fruit Fly, , Anonymous Standing Committee on Agriculture and Resource Management, Department of Primary Industries, Canberra, Australia; Bodenheimer, F.S., (1951) Citrus Entomology in the Middle East, p. 663p. , W Junk, The Hague, Netherlands; Brown, A.M., A step-by step guide to nonlinear regression analysis of experimental data using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (2001) Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 65, pp. 191-200; Carey, J.R., Host-specific demographic studies of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (1984) Ecological Entomology, 9, pp. 261-270; Cayol, J.P., Causse, R., Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Dipt., Trypetidae) back in Southern France (1993) Journal of Applied Entomology, 116, pp. 94-100; Chen, L., Zhu, C., Xia, X., A preliminary study on the biological characters of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in Shanghai area (2010) Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 26, pp. 99-101; Crovetti, A., Conti, B., Delrio, G., Effect of abiotic factors on Ceratitis capitata (Weid.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) II. Pupal development under constant temperatures (1986) Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, pp. 141-148. , Cavalloro CV ed A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Da Silva Vieira, R.M., (1952) A Mosca da Fruta [Ceratitis Capitata (Wied.)) Na Ilha da Madeira, , Edicao do Gremio dos Exportadores de Frutas e Produtos Horticolas da Ilha da Madeira, Madiera, Portugal; De Lima CPF, Area wide management of Mediterranean fruit fly in Australia (2008) Acta Horticulturae, 803, pp. 51-60; Delrio, G., Conti, B., Crovetti, A., Effect of abiotic factors on Ceratitis capitata (Weid.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) I. Egg development under constant temperatures (1986) Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, pp. 133-140. , Cavalloro CV ed A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Duyck, P.F., Quilici, S., Survival and development of different life stages of three Ceratitis spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures (2002) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 92, pp. 461-469; Eskafi, F.M., Kolbe, M.E., Infestation patterns of commonly cultivated edible fruit species by Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Guatemala and their relationship to environmental factors (1990) Environmental Entomology, 19, pp. 1371-1380; (2006) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures ISPM 26: Establishment of Pest-free Areas for Fruit Flies (Tephritidae), , FAO Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Fitt, G.P., Comparative fecundity, clutch size, ovariole number and egg size of Dacus tryoni and D. Jarvisi, and their relationship to body size (1990) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 55, pp. 11-21; Fletcher, B.S., The ecology of a natural population of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni.Vl. Seasonal changes in fruit fly numbers in the areas surrounding the orchard (1974) Australian Journal of Zoology, 22, pp. 353-363; Grout, T.G., Stoltz, K.C., Developmental rates at constant temperatures of three economically important Ceratitis spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Southern Africa (2007) Environmental Entomology, 36, pp. 1310-1317; Hagen, K.S., Allen, W.W., Tassan, R.L., Mediterranean fruit fly: The worst maybe yet to come (1981) California Agriculture, 35, pp. 5-7; Han, P., Wang, X., Niu, C.-Y., Dong, Y.-C., Zhu, J.-Q., Desneux, N., Population dynamics, phenology, and overwintering of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hubei Province, China (2011) Journal of Pest Science, 84, pp. 289-295; Jiang, X.-L., He, W.-Z., Xiao, S., Ren, L.-Q., Sun, B.-Z., Zhang, C.-L., Study on the biology and survival of Bactrocera dorsalis in the border region of Yunnan (2001) Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 2001; Karagoz, M., Gulcu, B., Hazir, C., Kaya, H.K., Hazir, S., Biological control potential of Turkish entomopathogenic nematodes against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (2009) Phytoparasitica, 37, pp. 153-159; Kean, J.M., How accurate are methods for predicting phenology in New Zealand? (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 124-131; Kean, J.M., Kumarasinghe, L., Predicting the seasonal phenology of fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 279-285; Krainacker, D.A., Carey, J.R., Vargas, R.I., Effect of larval host on life history traits of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (1987) Oecologia, 73, pp. 583-590; Kramer, D.A., Stinner, R.E., Hain, F.P., Time versus rate in parameter estimation of nonlinear temperature-dependent development models (1991) Environmental Entomology, 20, pp. 484-488; Kriticos, D.J., Webber, B.L., Leriche, A., Ota, N., Macadam, I., Bathols, J., Scott, J.K., CliMond: Global high-resolution historical and future scenario climate surfaces for bioclimatic modelling (2012) Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3, pp. 53-64; Liu, Y.-C., Chi, H., Chen, S.-H., Influence of temperature and food on the population parameters of oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1985) Chinese Journal of Entomology, 5, pp. 1-10; Luo, Z.-X., Ren, L.-L., Qi, L.-Y., Zhou, S.-D., Dai, H.-G., Effects of temperature on the development of Bactrocera dorsalis (DipteraTephritidae) populations (2009) Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009; Maelzer, D.A., Fruit-fly outbreaks in Adelaide, S.A., from 1948-49 to 1985-86. II. The phenology of both pestilent species (1990) Australian Journal of Zoology, 38, pp. 555-572; Magarey, R.D., Borchert, D.M., Engle, J.S., Colunga-Garcia, M., Koch, F.H., Yemshanov, D., Risk maps for targeting exotic plant pest detection programs in the United States (2011) EPPO Bulletin, 41, pp. 46-56; Meats, A., The bioclimatic potential of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni, in Australia (1981) Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia, 11, pp. 151-161; Messenger, P.S., Flitters, N.E., Effect of constant temperature environments on the egg stage of three species of Hawaiian fruit flies (1958) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, pp. 109-119; Morris, R.F., Fulton, W.C., Models for the development and survival of Hyphantria cunea in relation to temperature and humidity (1970) Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 70, pp. 1-60; Muniz, M., Zalom, F.G., Developmental rate and number of generation estimates for Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) in fruit growing regions of California (1997) IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 20, pp. 55-66; Muthuthantri, S., (2008) Population Phenology of the Tropical Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Queensland, Australia, , Mastersthesis, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Nietschke, B.S., Magarey, R.D., Borchert, D.M., Calvin, D.D., Jones, E., A developmental database to support insect phenology models (2007) Crop Protection, 26, pp. 1444-1448; O'Loughlin, G.T., East, R.A., Meats, A., Survival, development rates and generation times of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni, in a marginally favourable climate: Experiments in Victoria (1984) Australian Journal of Zoology, 32, pp. 353-361; Papadopoulos, N.T., Katsoyannos, B.I., Carey, J.R., Demographic parameters of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared in apples (2002) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 95, pp. 564-569; Papadopoulos, N.T., Katsoyannos, B.I., Carey, J.R., Kouloussis, N.A., Seasonal and annual occurrence of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Greece (2001) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94, pp. 41-50; Pineiro, G., Perelman, S., Guerschman, J.P., Paruelo, J.M., How to evaluate models: Observed vs. Predicted or predicted vs. Observed? (2008) Ecological Modelling, 216, pp. 316-322; Pritchard, G., The ecology of a natural population of Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni III. The maturation of female flies in relation to temperature (1970) Australian Lournal of Zoology, 18, p. 77; Pritchard, G., The estimation of natality in a fruit-infesting insect (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1978) Canadian Lournal of Zoology, 56, pp. 75-79; Quesada-Moraga, E., Valverde-Garcia, P., Garrido-Lurado, I., The effect of temperature and soil moisture on the development of the preimaginal Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) (2012) Environmental Entomology, 41, pp. 966-970; Ricalde, M.P., De, N., Loeck, A.E., Donatti, M.G., Temperature-dependent development and survival of Brazilian populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, from tropical, subtropical and temperate regions (2012) Lournal of Insect Science, 12, pp. 1-11; Shoukry, A., Hafez, M., Studies on the biology of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (1979) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 26, pp. 33-39; Smith, E.P., Rose, K.A., Model goodness-of-fit analysis using regression and related techniques (1995) Ecological Modelling, 77, pp. 49-64; Tassan, R.L., Hagen, A., Cheng, T., Palmer, K., Feliciano, G., Bough, T.L., Mediterranean fruit fly life cycle estimations for the California eradication program (1982) Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, pp. 564-570. , Cavalloro R ed Balkema, Athens, Greece; Van Havre, Z., Whittle, P., Designing surveillance for emergency response (2015) Biosecurity Surveillance: Quantitative Approaches, pp. 123-133. , larrad FC, Low-Choy SJ, Mengersen K ed CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, U.K; Vargas, R.I., Miyashita, D., Nishida, T., Life history and demographic parameters of three laboratory-reared tephritids (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1984) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 77, pp. 651-656; Vargas, R.I., Walsh, J.W., Lang, E.B., Armstrong, W.A., Kanehisa, D.T., Survival and development of immature stages of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures (1996) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 89, pp. 64-69; Vargas, R.I., Walsh, W.A., Kanehisa, D., Lang, E.B., Armstrong, J.W., Demography of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures (1997) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90, pp. 162-168; Vargas, R.I., Walsh, W.A., Kanehisa, D., Stark, J.D., Nishida, T., Comparative demography of three Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) at alternating temperatures (2000) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, pp. 75-81; Wu, J., Liang, F., Liang, G., Study on the relation between developmental rate of oriental fruit fly and its ambient temperature (2000) Plant Quarantine, 2000, pp. 321-324; Yang, P., Carey, J.R., Dowell, R.V., Temperature influences on the development and demography of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China (1994) Environmental Entomology, 23, pp. 971-974; Ye, H., Liu, J.-H., Population dynamics of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Kunming area, southwestern China (2005) Insect Science, 12, pp. 387-392; Yonow, T., Zalucki, M.P., Sutherst, R.W., Dominiak, B.C., Maywald, G.F., Maelzer, D.A., Kriticos, D.J., Modelling the population dynamics of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) tryoni: A cohort-based approach incorporating the effects of weather (2004) Ecological Modelling, 173, pp. 9-30; Yuan, S.-Y., Kong, Q., Xiao, C., Chen, B., Li, Z.-Y., Gao, Y.-H., Developmental threshold temperature and effective cumulative temperature of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (2005) Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 2005, pp. 316-318; Zhang, Y., Lu, Y., Zeng, L., Liang, G., Life-history traits and population relative fitness of trichlorphon-resistant and-susceptible Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) (2010) Psyche, 2010, p. 895935 PY - 2015 SP - 44-53 ST - Meta-analysis, validation and application of fruit fly development times T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Meta-analysis, validation and application of fruit fly development times UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960433598&partnerID=40&md5=7576f738d09cc2c6e17ea5af5562a7d7 VL - 68 ID - 142 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Flupropanate, a soil-active herbicide that inhibits lipid bio-synthesis, has become available in New Zealand for the selective control of the stipoid grasses Nassella neesiana and N. trichotoma in pasture. In commercial spray operations and field trials, the selectivity of the herbicide has been extremely variable. As a first step towards identifying pasture species that could be safely sown following application of the herbicide, the in vitro dose-response of 33 species and cultivars (grasses and dicotyledons) was determined. Ranking the cultivars based on the slopes of linear regressions fitted to their radicle lengths (relative to untreated control) against the logarithm of flupropanate dose, suggested that ryegrass and Nassella spp. Are among the most sensitive whilst plantain, chicory, and some legumes including lucerne are relatively tolerant. The rankings from this study will be subjected to validation in a field trial using a subset of the species. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lamoureaux, S. L. AU - Bourdôt, G. W. AU - Noble, A. D. L. AU - Dowsett, C. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beckie, H.J., Heap, I.M., Smeda, R.J., Hall, L.M., Screening for herbicide resistance in weeds (2000) Weed Technology, 14, pp. 428-445; Bourdot, G.W., Lamoureaux, S.L., Kriticos, D.J., Watt, M.S., Brown, M., Current and potential distributions of Nassella neesiana (Chilean needle grass) in Australia and New Zealand (2010) Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Weeds Conference, 17, pp. 424-427; Burgos, N.R., Tranel, P.L., Streibig, J.C., Davis, V.M., Shaner, D., Norsworthy, J.K., Ritz, C., Review: Confirmation of resistance to herbicides and evaluation of resistance levels (2013) Weed Science, 61, pp. 4-20; Campbell, M.H., Effect of low rates of flupropanate on selective removal of serrated tussock (Nasella trichotoma (Nees) Arech.) seedlings from a young improved pasture (1997) Plant Protection Quarterly, 12, pp. 175-176; Campbell, M.H., Vere, D.T., Nicol, H.I., Long-term control of serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arech.) by applying flupropanate at three-year or 10-year intervals (2002) Plant Protection Quarterly, 17, pp. 58-63; Grech, C.J., McLaren, D.A., Lowien, J., McWhirter, L., Butler, K.L., Sindel, B.M., Assessment of management options for Chilean needle grass in sheep-grazing systems (2012) Grass and Forage Science, 69, pp. 119-118; Grech, C.J., McLaren, D.A., Lowien, J., McWhirter, L., Butler, K.L., Sindel, B.M., Effects of flupropanate application on bare ground and broadleaf weeds when used to control Chilean needle grass in introduced pastures (2014) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 57, pp. 100-109; Kriticos, D., Lamoureaux, S., Bourdot, G., Pettit, W., Nassella tussock: Current and potential distributions in New Zealand (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 81-88; Saville, D.J., Bourdot, G.W., (2014) Nassella Tussock-an Integrated Management Approach. Final Report to Farmers on SFF Projects 07/077 and 11/095, p. 20p. , AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand; Seefeldt, S.S., Jensen, J.E., Fuerst, E.P., Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dose-response relationships (1995) Weed Technology, 9, pp. 218-227 PY - 2015 SP - 105-111 ST - Flupropanate - In vitro pasture species susceptibilities T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Flupropanate - In vitro pasture species susceptibilities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960469148&partnerID=40&md5=1fe9d1528458b55efdf1b99fbfad5dad VL - 68 ID - 143 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pest management in New Zealand's pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) programme relies on selective pesticides, biological control and pheromone mating disruption. The current situation is potentially precarious and one concern, the impact of less selective pesticides, was tested. Apple trees received synthetic pyrethroid (deltamethrin) sprays during the first half of two growing seasons. Beneficial and pest species were monitored monthly from November to April. Treated trees had fewer predatory bugs (91-100% reduction), lacewings (64-100%), earwigs (80-100%), predatory mites (67-100%), spiders (20-64%) and Hymenoptera (16-49%) than untreated trees. Ladybird numbers varied depending on the assessment method. Outbreaks of phytophagous mites and woolly apple aphid occurred on treated trees, but there were fewer apple leafcurling midge, San José scale and Froggatt's apple leafhopper on untreated trees. Factors that make pest management under IFP vulnerable in the future, include a loss of biological control and the consequences of new pests establishing. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Rogers, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Batchelor, T.A., Jts, W., Dwl, M., Park, N.M., Johnson, S.R., New Zealand Integrated Fruit Production for pipfruit-charting a new course (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 14-19; Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., Hodson, A.J., Kale, A.J., Herman, T.J.B., Trends in IPM and insecticide use in processing tomatoes in New Zealand (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 421-427; Charles, J.G., The settlement of fruit crop arthropod pests and their natural enemies in New Zealand: An historical guide to the future (1998) Biocontrol News and Information, 19, pp. 47-58; Collyer, E., Van Geldermalsen, M., Integrated control of apple pests in New Zealand 1. Outline of experiment and general results (1975) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 2, pp. 101-134; Hill, T.A., Foster, R.E., Influence of selective insecticides on population dynamics of European red mite (Acari: Tetranychidae), apple rust mite (Acari: Eriophyidae), and their predator Amblyseius fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in apple (1998) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, pp. 191-199; Hull, L.A., Beers, E.H., Meagher, R.L., Impact of selective use of the synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate on apple pests and natural enemies in large-orchard trials (1985) Journal of Economic Entomology, 78, pp. 163-168; Leskey, T.C., Short, B.D., Lee, D.-H., Efficacy of insecticide residues on adult Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) mortality and injury in apple and peach orchards (2014) Pest Management Science, 70, pp. 1097-1104; Lo, P.L., Walker, J.T.S., Horner, R.M., Hedderley, D.I., Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 264-269; Dwl, M., Beresford, R.M., Hodson, A.J., Jts, W., Batchelor, T.A., Stiefel, H.E., Horner, I., Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of disease management in a pilot programme (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 252-257; Penman, D.R., Chapman, R.B., Woolly apple aphid outbreak following use of fenvalerate in apples in Canterbury, New Zealand (1980) Journal of Economic Entomology, 73, pp. 49-51; Rogers, D.J., Lo, P.L., Jts, W., Vulnerability of pest management in New Zealand apples: Pesticide toxicity to Aphelinus Mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 299-305; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Biocontrol of pests in apples under Integrated Fruit Production (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 333-337; Suckling, D.M., Status of insecticide and miticide resistance in New Zealand (1996) Pesticide Resistance: Prevention and Management, p. 225p. , Bourdot GW, Suckling DM ed New Zealand Plant Protection Society; Daj, T., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielsen, M.-C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Varela, L.G., Jts, W., Lo, P.L., Rogers, D.J., New Zealand lessons may aid efforts to control light brown apple moth in California (2010) California Agriculture, 64, pp. 6-12; Jts, W., Hodson, A.J., Wearing, C.H., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Tomkins, A.R., Burnip, G.M., Batchelor, T.A., Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management in a pilot programme (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 258-263; Jts, W., Park, N.M., Clothier, B.E., Dwl, M., Van Den Dijssel, C.W., Barley, M.J., Hodson-Kersey, L.R., Progress in pesticide risk reduction in New Zealand horticulture (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 321-327; Jts, W., Lo, P.L., Horner, R.M., Park, N.M., Hughes, J.G., Fraser, T.M., Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) mating disruption outcomes in apple orchards (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 259-263; Jts, W., Park, N.M., Butcher, M.R., Apple Futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production programme (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 282-290 PY - 2015 SP - 306-312 ST - Risks to pest management in New Zealand's pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production programme T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Risks to pest management in New Zealand's pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production programme UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960407828&partnerID=40&md5=d75f7de0c71b346213456299cb9bdc22 VL - 68 ID - 130 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ostenia robusta (Hutton) is an endemic dolichopodid fly that sometimes occurs in the soil under agricultural crops and pastures. Little is known about its biology and the role it may play in agro-ecosystems. A population of these flies near Southbridge, Canterbury, was observed from 2013 to 2015. Adult flies emerged between December and March each year and were monitored with yellow sticky traps placed in wheat, ryegrass, radish and white clover crops. Adults will drink water and feed on 10% honey solution under laboratory conditions but no predatory behaviour was observed and attempts to induce oviposition were unsuccessful. From dissection, maximum female egg load was approximately 60-65 eggs. Very few O. robusta larvae were found in 2014 and none were associated with pupae of Costelytra zealandica (White), a result contradictory to 2012 and 2013. The diet range of larval O. robusta remains unknown, but this predator appears unlikely to play a significant role in the control of C. zealandica. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mansfield, S. AU - Watkins, L. M. AU - Townsend, R. J. AU - Chynoweth, R. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aukema, B.H., Raffa, K.F., Behavior of adult and larval Platysoma cylindrica (Coleoptera: Histeridae) and larval Medetera bistriata (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) during subcortical predation of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (2004) Journal of Insect Behavior, 17, pp. 115-128; Benelli, G., Daane, K.M., Canale, A., Niu, C.-Y., Messing, R.H., Vargas, R.I., Sexual communication and related behaviours in Tephritidae: Current knowledge and potential applications for Integrated Pest Management (2014) Journal of Pest Science, 87, pp. 385-405; Bickel, D.J., Sciapodinae, Medeterinae (Insecta: Diptera) with a generic review of the Dolichopodidae (1991) Fauna of New Zealand, 23, p. 74p; Bickel, D.J., Hernandez, M.C., Neotropical Thrypticus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) reared from water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, and other Pontederiaceae (2004) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, pp. 437-449; Borror, D.J., Triplehorn, C.A., Johnson, N.F., (1989) An Introduction to the Study of Insects, p. 875p. , Saunders College Publishing, Orlando, Florida, USA; Cameron, P.J., Wigley, P.J., Costelytra zealandica (White), grass grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 9-16. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed CAB International, Wallingford, UK and DSIR Auckland, New Zealand; Chynoweth, R.J., Jwm, M., Armstrong, K.F., Chomic, A., Linton, J., Chapman, R.B., Predation by Ostenia robusta on Costelytra zealandica pupae (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 157-161; Daly, H.V., Doyen, J.T., Purcell, A.H., (1998) Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, p. 680p. , Oxford University Press Oxford, UK; Dyte, C.E., The occurrence of Thrypticus smaragdinus Gerst. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in Britain, with remarks on plant hosts in the genus (1993) Entomologist, 112, pp. 81-84; Glanz, S.A., (1997) Primer of Biostatistics, 473p. , McGraw-Hill, New York, USA; Goyer, R.A., Lenhard, G.J., Strom, B.L., The influence of silhouette color and orientation on arrival and emergence of Ips pine engravers and their predators in loblolly pine (2004) Forest Ecology and Management, 191, pp. 147-155; Hernandez, M.C., Biology of Thrypticus truncatus and Thrypticus sagittatus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), petiole miners of water hyacinth, in Argentina, with morphological descriptions of larvae and pupae (2008) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 101, pp. 1041-1049; Hulcr, J., Pollet, M., Ubik, K., Vrkoc, J., Exploitation of kairomones and synomones by Medetera spp. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), predators of spruce bark beetles (2005) European Journal of Entomology, 102, pp. 655-662; Hutton, F.W., Synopsis of the Diptera Brachycera of New Zealand (1900) Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 33, pp. 1-95; Land, M.F., Chasing and pursuit in the dolichopodid fly Poecilobothrus nobilitatus (1993) Journal of Comparative Physiology, 173, pp. 605-613; Lundgren, J.G., Lab, L., Parsa, S., Kag, W., Molecular determination of the predator community of a cassava whitefly in Colombia: Pest-specific primer development and field validation (2014) Journal of Pest Science, 87, pp. 125-131; Reeves, W.K., Hurley, R.L., Runyon, J.B., Larval development sites for aquatic Dolichopodidae (Diptera) (2004) Journal of Entomological Science, 39, pp. 284-286; Ulrich, H., Predation by adult Dolichopodidae (Diptera): A review of literature with an annotated prey-predator list (2004) Studia Dipterologica, 11, pp. 369-403; Zimmer, M., Diestelhorst, O., Lunau, K., Courtship in long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae): Function and evolution of signals (2003) Behavioral Ecology, 14, pp. 526-530 PY - 2015 SP - 360-366 ST - Biology of Ostenia robusta: Observations on life history and behaviour T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Biology of Ostenia robusta: Observations on life history and behaviour UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960412957&partnerID=40&md5=555bc8ded954e3b042dec16b5e5e5da2 VL - 68 ID - 107 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Chatham Islands possess several endemic vertebrate, invertebrate and plant species and are free of many pests found on mainland New Zealand. Keeping out unwanted organisms that may threaten the agricultural sector on the islands is important for the local economy. Research found that soil intercepted from used machinery destined for the Chatham Islands contained a range of plants, insects and nematodes, but the number and diversity of these taxa varied with the source of contamination. Sampling of Chatham Island pasture, indicated an absence of Sitona obsoletus, but the presence of other insect species including porina and Irenimus aequalis that originated from mainland New Zealand. Despite being some 750 km from New Zealand, transport routes allow for the movement of unwanted and invasive invertebrate species to the islands. Identifying dispersal pathways and instigating appropriate management plans compatible with an existing biosecurity programme, will reduce the flow of invertebrate and plant pests. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Dowsett, C. A. AU - Aalders, L. T. AU - James, T. K. AU - Bradbury, P. M. AU - Palmer, S. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bell, N.L., Watson, R.N., Optimising the Whitehead and Hemming tray method to extract plant parasitic and other nematodes from two soils under pasture (2001) Nematology, 3, pp. 179-185; Bell, N.L., Davis, L.T., Sarathchandra, S.U., Bip, B., Ferguson, C.M., Townsend, R.J., Biodiversity of indigenous tussock grassland sites in Otago, Canterbury and the Central North Island of New Zealand II. Nematodes (2005) Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 35, pp. 303-319; Bongers, T., (1994) De Nematoden Van Nederland, 408p. , Koninklijke Nerlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht; Castillo, P., Vovlas, N., Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): Diagnosis, Biology, Pathogenicity and Management (2007) Nematology Monographs and Perspectives, 6. , Hunt DJ, Perry RN ed Brill, Leiden; Champion, P., James, T., Popay, I., Ford, K., (2012) An Illustrated Guide to Common Grasses, Sedges and Rushes of New Zealand, p. 208p. , New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Hastings, New Zealand; (2008) Chatham Islands Pest Management Strategy 2008-2018. (, p. 91p. , http://www.cic.govt.nz/documents/2008/07/chatham-islands-pest-management-strategy-2008-2018.pdf, Chatham Islands Council (accessed 01 June 15); Courtright, E.M., Wall, D.H., Virginia, R.A., Frisse, L.M., Vida, J.T., Thomas, W.K., Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in the Antarctic nematode Scottnema lindsayae (2000) Journal of Nematology, 32, pp. 143-153; Curtis, N.R., (2011) All Aboard the Emergent Ark: Biogeography of the Dune Insect Fauna of New Zealand and Chatham Island, p. 218p. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Doncaster, C.C., A counting dish for nematodes (1962) Nematologica, 7, pp. 334-336; Duncan, L.W., Moens, M., Migratory Endoparasitic Nematodes (2006) Plant Nematology, pp. 123-152. , Perry RN, Moens M ed CABI, Wallungford; Edgar, E., Connor, H.E., (2000) Flora of New Zealand Volume V: Gramineae (Grasses), , Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand; Emberson, R.M., (2003) The Beetle Fauna (Coleoptera) of the Chatham Islands, with Additional Species, Corrections, and Updated Taxonomic, Biological and Distributional Information to End 2002, p. 53p. , Lincoln University report, Lincoln, New Zealand; Ferguson, C.M., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Hardwick, S., Barton, D.M., Kean, J.M., Status of clover root weevil and its biocontrol agent in the South Island after six years (2012) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 74, pp. 171-176; Floyd, R., Abebe, E., Papert, A., Blaxter, M., Molecular barcodes for soil nematode identification (2002) Molecular Ecology, 11, pp. 839-850; Gerard, P.J., Jrf, B., Charles, J.G., Fowler, S.V., Kean, J.M., Phillips, C.B., Tait, A.B., Walker, G.P., Potential effects of climate change on biological control systems: Case studies from New Zealand (2013) BioControl, 58, pp. 149-162; Goldberg, J., Trewick, S.A., Exploring phylogeographic congruence in a continental island system (2011) Insects, 2, pp. 369-399; Hellmann, J.J., Byers, J.E., Bierwagen, B.G., Dukes, J.S., Five potential consequences of climate change for invasive species (2008) Conservation Biology, 22, pp. 534-543; Hooper, D.J., Evans, K., Extraction, identification and control of plant parasitic nematodes (1993) Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture, pp. 1-59. , Evans K, Trudgill DL, Webster JM ed CAB International, Wallingford; Kaplan, D.T., Thomas, W.K., Frisse, L.M., Sarah, J.L., Stanton, J.M., Speijer, P.R., Marin, D.H., Ch, O., Phylogenetic analysis of geographically diverse Radopholus similis via rDNA sequence reveals a monomorphic motif (2000) Journal of Nematology, 32, pp. 134-142; Kwl, K., Barber, C.J., Page, G.D., Plant-parasitic nematodes of New Zealand recorded by host association (1997) Journal of Nematology, 29, pp. 640-656; MacFarlane, R.P., Notes on insects of the Chatham Islands (1979) New Zealand Entomologist, 7, pp. 64-70; MacFarlane, R.P., Morales, C.F., Craw, R.C., (1991) Chatham Island Insect Survey, March 1991, p. 47p. , DSIR Plant Protection, Research Report. DSIR, Auckland, New Zealand; McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Proffitt, J.P., Phillips, C.B., Addison, P.J., A description of the commercial rearing and distribution of Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for biological control of Listronotus bonariensis(Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2002) Biological Control, 24, pp. 167-175; Mercer, C.F., Bell, N.L., Yeates, G.W., Plant-parasitic nematodes on pasture in New Zealand (2008) Austral Plant Pathology, 37, pp. 279-288; Moore, J.L., Rout, T.M., Hauser, C.E., Moro, D., Jones, M., Wilcox, C., Possingham, H.P., Protecting islands from pest invasion: Optimal allocation of biosecurity resources between quarantine and surveillance (2010) Biological Conservation, 143, pp. 1068-1078; Popay, I., Champion, P., James, T., (2010) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand, p. 448p. , New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch, New Zealand; Ross, J.L., Ivanova, E.S., Spiridonov, S.E., Waeyenberge, L., Moens, M., Nicol, G.W., Wilson, M.J., Molecular phylogeny of slug-parasitic nematodes inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences (2010) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55, pp. 738-743; Siddiqi, M.R., (2000) Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects, , CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK; Watson, R.N., Mercer, C.F., Pasture nematodes: The major scourge of white clover (2000) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association, 62, pp. 195-199; Venette, C.R., Koch, R.L., IPM for Invasive Species (2009) Integrated Pest Management Concepts, Tactics, Strategies and Case Studies, pp. 424-430. , Radcliffe EB, Hutchison WD, Cancelado RE ed Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R., Garnock-Jones, P.J., Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons (1988) Flora of New Zealand, 4. , Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch; Wittenberg, R., Mjw, C., Early Detection (2001) A Toolkit of Best Prevention and Management Practices, pp. 103-139. , Witteburg R, Cock MJW ed CAB International, Wallingford, UK PY - 2015 SP - 54-65 ST - Internal biosecurity between islands: Identifying risks on pathways to better manage biosecurity threats T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Internal biosecurity between islands: Identifying risks on pathways to better manage biosecurity threats UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960423307&partnerID=40&md5=e1d6d280dd1ce61ccefe5ae7bd92abcf VL - 68 ID - 97 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grapevine root diseases can result in economic loss during vineyard establishment. Symptoms may not be noticed in vineyards until vines die. The death of young vines as a result of root rots can be a point of contention between the grower and the nursery supplying the plants. In New Zealand root diseases include black foot rot (caused by Cylindrocarpon spp.), verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahlia), phytophthora root rot (caused by various Phytophthora spp.) and armillaria root rot (caused in New Zealand by Armillaria novaezelandiae and A. limonea). Of these diseases, black foot rot is the most commonly observed in the field in New Zealand and has received the most study. This review provides information on symptoms, causal organisms, disease cycles and, where available, control of grapevine root rots under New Zealand conditions. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mundy, D. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Balasubramamiam, R., Harvey, I.C., Braithwaite, M., Jordan, D., (1993) Grapevine Disease Identification and Management Workshop, p. 68. , Blenheim, New Zealand; Bleach, C.M., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Hot water treatment to reduce incidence of black foot pathogens in young grapevines grown in cool climates (2013) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 52, pp. 347-358; Bleach, C.M., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M.V., Biofumigation with Brassica spp. for the control of cylindrocarpon black foot disease of grapevines (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 396. , (abstract only); Brown, D.S., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Effect of partial defoliation on Cylindrocarpon destructans infection of grapevine (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 256-261; Brown, D.S., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., Barclay, C.J., Jones, E.E., Susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocladiella parvum (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 249-253; Cabral, A., Groenewald, J.Z., Rego, C., Oliveira, H., Crous, P.W., Cylindrocarpon root rot: Multi-gene analysis reveals novel species within the Ilyonectria radicicola species complex (2011) Mycological Progress, 11, pp. 655-688; Cabral, A., Rego, C., Nascimento, T., Oliveira, H., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Multi-gene analysis and morphology reveal novel Ilyonectria species associated with black foot disease of grapevines (2012) Fungal Biology, 116, pp. 62-80; Chaverri, P., Salgado, C., Hirooka, Y., Rossman, A.Y., Samuels, G.J., Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs (2011) Studies in Mycology, 68, pp. 57-78; Flaherty, D.L., Christensen, L.P., Lanini, W.T., Marosis, J.J., Phillips, P.A., Wilson, L.T., (1992) Grape Pest Management, , University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland, USA; Graham, A.B., Hot water treatment of grapevine rootstock cuttings grown in a cool climate (2007) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 46, p. 124; Griffiths, E., Horner, I.J., (1991) Soil Management and Irrigation for Phytophthora Control, pp. 3-16. , Technical Bulletin. New Zealand Apple and Pear Marketing Board, Wellington, New Zealand; Gubler, W.D., (2013) Blackfoot Disease of Grapevines, , http://plantpathology.ucdavis.edu/faculty/Gubler_W_Douglas/Gubler_Lab/Blackfoot_disease_of_grapevines, (accessed 11 July 2013); Gubler, W.D., Baumgartner, K., Browne, G.T., Eskalen, A., Latham, S.R., Petit, E., Bayramian, L.A., Root diseases of grapevines in California and their control (2004) Australasian Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 157-165; Horner, I.J., Armillaria-spreading but controllable (1987) New Zealand Kiwifruit February, 23, p. 25; Horner, I.J., (1991) Epidemiology of Armillaria Root-rot of Kiwifruit. Second International Symposium on Kiwifruit, pp. 573-578. , Palmerston North, New Zealand; Horner, I.J., Hough, E.G., Fisher, B.M., Pre-plant soil fumigation for control of violet root rot of carrots (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 123-132; Jaspers, M.V., (2013) Blackfoot in Vineyards. New Zealand Winegrowers Fact Sheet NZTD102, p. 2p. , http://www.nzwine.com/assets/sm/upload/zp/5l/nm/g8/NZTD102%20Blackfoot%20in%20vineyards.pdf, (accessed 14 June 2015); Jaspers, M.V., (2013) Blackfoot in Grapevine Nurseries. New Zealand Winegrowers Fact Sheet NZTD103, p. 2p. , http://www.nzwine.com/assets/sm/upload/gq/ot/wf/gf/NZTD103%20Blackfoot%20in%20nurseries.pdf, (accessed 14 June 2015); Jaspers, M.V., Bleach, C.M., Harvey, I.C., Susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocarpon disease (2007) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 46, p. 114; Jones, E.E., Brown, D.S., Bleach, C.M., Pathrose, B., Barclay, C.J., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., First report of Cylindrocladiella parvum as a grapevine pathogen in New Zealand (2012) Plant Disease, 96, p. 44; Mundy, D.C., Alspach, P.A., Dufay, J., Grass grub damage and mycorrhizal colonisation of grapevine rootstocks (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 234-238; http://www.novachem.Co.nz/Subscribers/Product.aspx?Id=854, Novachem 2015a. DRH-R (accessed 15 May 2015); VinevaxTM Pruning Wound Dressing, , http://www.novachem.co.nz/Subscribers/Product.aspx?Id=1958, Novachem 2015b (accessed 15 May 2015); Otero, M.L., Roca, M., Zapata, R., Ladux, J.L., Ortiz, J., Zanelli, M., Matias, A.C., Perez, B.A., Effect of solarization, organic matter, and Trichoderma on the severity of Verticillium wilt in olive trees (Oka europaea L.) and soil inoculum density (2014) Acta Horticulturae, 1057, pp. 121-126; Pathrose, B., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., Development of a grapevine detached root assay for assessing pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon spp (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 24-27; Pathrose, B., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., High genotypic and virulence diversity in Ilyonectria liriodendri isolates associated with black foot disease in New Zealand vineyards (2014) Plant Pathology, 63, pp. 613-624; Pearson, R.C., Ed. G.Ac, (1988) Compendium of Grape Diseases, p. 93p. , American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; Probst, C.M., (2011) Cylindrocarpon Black Foot Disease in Grapevines: Identification and Epidemiology, p. 259p. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand; Shiller, J.B., (2008) Multiplex PCR for Detecting Fungal Pathogens Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases, p. 130p. , M.Sc. thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Weir, B.S., Graham, A.B., Simultaneous identification of multiple fungal pathogens and endophytes with database t-RFLP (2008) 6th International Workshop on Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Esca and Grapevine Declines, pp. 163-164. , Florence, Italy PY - 2015 SP - 396-404 ST - Ecology and control of grapevine root diseases in New Zealand: A review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Ecology and control of grapevine root diseases in New Zealand: A review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960468947&partnerID=40&md5=370333e847fe4dddda55e4bcb9a5d369 VL - 68 ID - 133 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pyranine, a water soluble fluorescent tracer, has been used in spray drift studies, yet there is limited information regarding analytical methods, and conflicting information on the rapidity and extent to which the pyranine may degrade. This study assessed the suitability of pyranine as a tracer for drift studies. While pyranine did decompose when exposed to sunlight whilst in solution, spray droplets dry in minutes and photodecomposition appears to be significantly slower in the solid phase. Droplet residues showed minimal photodecomposition after exposure to sunlight for 2 h. Pyranine samples could be stored in cool, dark conditions, as dried deposits or in solution, for over 2 weeks without significant degradation. Pyranine is a suitable tracer for spray drift determinations as there is no significant degradation over the time required to collect, process and measure samples allowing residues to be accurately quantified, provided liquid extracts are suitably buffered. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Nairn, J. J. AU - Forster, W. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Al-Jumaili, A., Salyani, M., Variation in deposition of an air-assisted sprayer in open field due to wind conditions (2014) Transactions of TheASABE, 57, pp. 1297-1305; Aley, T., (2002) Ozark Underground Laboratory's Groundwater Tracing Handbook, , www.ozarkundergroundlab.com/Downloads/Groundwater%20Tracing%20Handbook.pdf, (accessed 29 April 2015); (2011) Pyranin 120% Technical Information, , www.techcenter.lanxess.com/fcc/emea/en/products/datasheet/21135818.pdf?docld=21167927&gid=21167906&pid=21167905, Anonymous (accessed 29 April 2015); Cai, S.-S., Stark, J.D., Evaluation of five fluorescent dyes and triethyl phosphate as atmospheric tracers of agricultural sprays (1997) Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 32, pp. 969-983; Farooq, M., Salyani, M., Whitney, J.D., Effect of application techniques on abscission chemical deposition and mechanical harvesting of 'Valencia' oranges (2003) Horttechnology, 13, pp. 344-351; Hakonen, A., Hulth, S., A high-precision ratiometric fluorosensor for pH: Implementing time-dependent non-linear calibration protocols for drift compensation (2008) Analytica Chimica Acta, 606, pp. 63-71; Khot, L.R., Salyani, M., Farooq, M., Walker, T.W., Sweeb, R.D., Larbi, P.A., Smith, V., Stoops, C.A., Assessment of aerosol deposition and movement in open field conditions. Agricultural Engineering International (2011) CIGRJournal, 13, pp. 1-11; Khot, L.R., Salyani, M., Sweeb, R.D., Solar and storage degradations of oil-and water-soluble fluorescent dyes (2011) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 27, pp. 211-216; Khot, L.R., Ehsani, R., Maja, J.M., Campoy, J.M., Wellington, C., Al-Jumaili, A., Evaluation of deposition and coverage by an air-assisted sprayer and two air-blast sprayers in a citrus orchard (2014) Transactions of the AS ABE, 57, pp. 1007-1013; Koo, Y.M., Salyani, M., Whitney, J., Effects of abscission chemical spray deposition on mechanical harvest efficacy of 'Hamlin' orange (1999) Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 112, pp. 28-33; Pergher, G., Recovery rate of tracer dyes used for spray deposit assessment (2001) Transactions of the ASAE, 44, pp. 787-794; Product Details, , www.setarehbiotech.com/details.cfm?prodID=381, Setareh 2015 (accessed 2 June 2015); Zhu, H., Derksen, R., Krause, C., Fox, R., Brazee, R., Ozkan, H., Fluorescent intensity of dye solutions under different pH conditions (2005) Journal of ASTM International, 2, pp. 191-197 PY - 2015 SP - 32-37 ST - Photostability of pyranine and suitability as a spray drift tracer T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Photostability of pyranine and suitability as a spray drift tracer UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960395037&partnerID=40&md5=d746e60c4ef229ca7a9641632478224c VL - 68 ID - 84 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ethanedinitrile (EDN) has been identified as a possible alternative fumigant to methyl bromide (MB) as a phytosanitary treatment for New Zealand export logs. A review of MB phytosanitary schedules has indicated that the treatment rates used in New Zealand may be able to be significantly reduced. The toxicity of EDN was compared in the laboratory to that of reduced rates of MB, using different life stages of the burnt pine longhorn beetle, Arhopalus ferus. Naked insects were fumigated with MB at 10°C and 20°C for 4 h or with EDN at the same temperatures for 3 h. The mortalities achieved and the CT products calculated indicate that (1) a reduction in MB usage may be possible for the treatment of logs exported from New Zealand and that (2) EDN has potential as a phytosanitary alternative to MB for the treatment of logs. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Najar-Rodriguez, A. J. AU - Hall, M. K. D. AU - Adlam, A. R. AU - Hall, A. J. AU - Burgess, S. B. AU - Somerfield, K. G. AU - Page, B. B. C. AU - Brash, D. W. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Armstrong, J.W., Brash, D., Hall, A., Waddell, B.C., Standardisation of methyl bromide use for New Zealand log exports (2011) Plant & Food Research SPTS No. 6242, Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Armstrong, J.W., Brash, D., Waddell, B.C., Comprehensive literature review of fumigants and disinfestation strategies, methods and techniques pertinent to potential use as quarantine treatments for New Zealand export logs (2014) Plant & Food Research SPTS No. 10678, Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Barrington, A.M., Logan, D.P., Connolly, P.G., A method for rearing Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) larvae on a modified artificial diet (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 353-359; BOC trial report, ethanedinitrile fumigant (EDN) worker exposure field trial, timber application under tarp (2012) BOC Australia, New South Wales, Australia., p. 41p. , BOC; Glassey, K., (2013) Official Use of Methyl Bromide, , wwwbiosecuritygovt.nz/files/regs/treat/official-use-of-methyl-bromide.pdf, Ministry for Primary Industries (accessed 21 April 2015); Mkd, H., Najar-Rodriguez, A.J., Pranamornkith, T., Adlam, A.R., Hall, A.J., Brash, D.W., Influence of dose, bark cover and end-grain sealing on ethanedinitrile (C2N2) sorption by pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) logs (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 13-18; Hosking, G.P., Bain, J., Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); Its biology in New Zealand (1977) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 7, pp. 3-15; http://www.mpi.govt.nz/law-and-policy/requirements/importing-countries-phytosanitary-requirements/forestry-icprs/, Ministry for Primary Industries 2013. Forestry Importing Countries Phytosanitary Requirements (ICPRs) (accessed 21 April 2015); http://www.epa.govt.nz/news/epa-media-releases/Pages/Methyl-bromide-decision-media.aspx, New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority 2011a. Methyl bromide decision media. New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority, Wellington (accessed 21 April 2015); http://www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/HSNOApplicationRegisterDocuments/ERMA200981_ERMA200981Decision.pdf, New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority 2011b. Decision on ERMA200981 (accessed 21 April 2015); Park, M.G., Sung, B.K., Hong, K.J., Lee, B.H., Ren, Y.L., The efficacy of ethanedinitrile to control wood related insect pests (2007) Proceedings of 2005 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, San Diego, CA; Pranamornkith, T., Mkd, H., Adlam, A.R., Bbc, P., Connolly, P.G., Somerfield, K.G., Brash, D.W., Relative methyl bromide tolerance of Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), Hylurgus ligniperda (E) and Hylastes ater (Paykull) adults (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 80-85; Pranamornkith, T., Mkd, H., Adlam, A.R., Somerfield, K.G., Bbc, P., Hall, A.J., Brash, D.W., Effect of fumigant dose, timber moisture content, end-grain sealing, and chamber load factor on sorption by sawn timber fumigated with ethanedinitrile (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 66-74; Pranamornkith, T., Mkd, H., Najar-Rodriguez, A.J., Adlam, A.R., Somerfield, K.G., Bbc, P., Hedderley, D.I., Brash, D.W., Ethanedinitrile: Potential methyl bromide alternative to control Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) in New Zealand sawn timber exports (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 75-79; Ren, Y., Wang, Y., Barak, A., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Dowsett, H., Toxicity of ethanedinitrile to Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 308-312; Ren, Y.L., Dowsett, H., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Barak, A., Toxicity of ethanedinitrile (C2N2) to timber or wood related insect pests (2005) Proceedings of 2005 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, San Diego, CA; Somerfield, K.G., Bycroft, B.L., Brash, D.W., Clark, J.N., Hedderley, D.I., Armstrong, J.W., Efficacy of methyl bromide used at reduced rates to control larvae and adults of goldenhaired bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 82-88; Van Epenhuisen, K., Somerfield, K., Hedderley, D., Rearing and storing Arhopalus ferus life stages in the laboratory for experimental purposes (2012) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 42, pp. 15-23; Wang, Q., Rab, L., Identification and distribution of Arhopalus species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Aseminae) in Australia and New Zealand (2003) New Zealand Entomologist, 26, pp. 53-59; Wright, E.J., Ren, Y.L., Dowsett, H., Cyanogen: A new fumigant with potential for timber (2002) Proceedings of 2002 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, Orlando, Florida PY - 2015 SP - 19-25 ST - Developing new fumigation schedules for the phytosanitary treatment of New Zealand export logs: Comparative toxicity of two fumigants to the burnt pine longhorn beetle, Arhopalus ferus T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Developing new fumigation schedules for the phytosanitary treatment of New Zealand export logs: Comparative toxicity of two fumigants to the burnt pine longhorn beetle, Arhopalus ferus UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960373457&partnerID=40&md5=4a57998c455d3250d634b300adda68e4 VL - 68 ID - 91 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Clover root weevil (Sitona obsoletus) (CRW) is of Palearctic origin and in New Zealand has become an invasive pest of white clover. A major survey was undertaken in 2000 to identify and collect the most promising CRW biocontrol agents from a wide range of locations in Europe and the UK. Subsequently several Beauveria bassiana strains obtained from the cadavers of weevils originally collected live from England, Wales, France and Romania were isolated in containment at AgResearch, Lincoln. Thereafter bioassays using New Zealand field-collected CRW populations showed that all the European isolates were virulent against the adults, with two being particularly effective. Notably, all of the European B. bassiana isolates exhibited greater virulence against CRW than a New Zealand isolate collected from local CRW populations and a commercial B. bassiana product registered in the USA as BotanigardR. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Nelson, T. L. AU - McNeill, M. R. AU - Van Koten, C. AU - Goldson, S. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bip, B., Barker, G.M., Addison, P.J., Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a potential clover pest new to New Zealand (1996) New Zealand Entomologist, 19, pp. 23-30; Boucias, D., Stokes, C., Suazo, A., Funderburk, J., AFLP analysis of the entomopathogen Nomuraea rileyi (2000) Mycologia, 92, pp. 638-648; Brodeur, J., Host specificity in biological control: Insights from opportunistic pathogens (2012) Evolutionary Applications, 5, pp. 470-480; Brownbridge, M., Nelson, T.L., Hackell, D.L., Eden, T.M., Wilson, D.J., Willoughby, B.E., Glare, T.R., Field application of biopolymer-coated Beauveria bassiana F418 for clover root weevil [Sitona lepidus) control in Waikato and Manawatu (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 304-311; Glare, T.R., Inwood, A.J., Morphological and genetic characterisation of Beauveria spp. from New Zealand (1998) Mycological Research, 102, pp. 250-256; Glare, T.R., O'Callaghan, M., Wigley, P.J., Checklist of naturally occurring entomopathogenic microbes and nematodes in New Zealand (1993) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 20, pp. 95-120; Goettel, M.S., Inglis, G.D., Fungi: Hyphomycetes (1997) Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology, pp. 213-249. , Lacey LA ed Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA; Goble, T.A., De, C., Hill, M.P., Virulence of Beauveria brongniartii and B. Bassiana against Schizonycha affinis white grubs and adults (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (2015) Journal of Applied Entomology, 139, pp. 134-145; Goldson, S.L., McNeill, M.R., Gerard, P.J., Proffitt, J.R., Phillips, C.B., Cane, R.P., Murray, P.J., British-based search for natural enemies of the clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus in Europe (2004) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 31, pp. 233-240; Hajek, A.E., Eastburn, C.C., Attachment and germination of Entomophaga maimaiga conidia on host and non-host larval cuticle (2003) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 82, pp. 12-22; Jackson, T.A., Soil dwelling pests-is specificity the key to succesful microbial control? (1996) Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Microbial Control of Soil Dwelling Pests, pp. 1-5. , Lincoln University Printery, Lincoln, New Zealand. Jackson TA, Glare TR ed; Joussier, D., Catroux, G., Mise au point d'un milieu de culture pour le denombrement de Beauveria tenella dans les sols (1976) Entomophaga, 21, pp. 223-225; McNeill, M.R., Proffitt, J.R., Gerard, P.J., Goldson, S.L., Collections of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Ireland (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 290-296; Nelson, T.L., Willoughby, B.E., Wilson, D.J., Eden, T., Glare, T.R., Establishing the fungus Beauveria bassiana in pasture for clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) control (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 10-12; Phillips, C.B., Goldson, S.L., Reimer, L., Kuhlmann, U., Progress in the search for biological control agents of clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (2000) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, pp. 541-547; Uma Devi, K., Padmavathi, J., Uma Maheswara Rao, C., Aap, K., Mohan, M.C., A study of host specificity in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) (2008) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 18, pp. 975-989; Willoughby, B.E., Glare, T.R., Kettlewell, F.J., Nelson, T.L., Beauveria bassiana as a potential biocontrol agent against the clover root weevil, Sitona lepidus (1998) New Zealand Plant Protection, 51, pp. 9-15 PY - 2015 SP - 139-145 ST - Comparative virulence of Beauveria bassiana isolates against clover root weevil (Sitona obsoletus) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparative virulence of Beauveria bassiana isolates against clover root weevil (Sitona obsoletus) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960366803&partnerID=40&md5=ad1e4ace23f891679b8a8a1395f71f89 VL - 68 ID - 109 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pests on capsicum fruit can cause market access issues resulting in costly methyl bromide fumigation. High pressure washing (HPW) removes insects and other surface contaminants and has been commercialised for capsicums. This paper reports on performance of a commercial HPW system and compares it to an experimental HPW system that the commercial system was based on. The experimental high-pressure washing system operated at 75 or 100 psi (517 or 689 kPa, respectively) resulted in complete removal of aphids on capsicum fruit. The commercial washer at the same pressures removed 98.1-98.9% of aphids resulting in 85-95% clean fruit. HPW treatment increased incidence of soft rot and stem blackening with higher rot blackening at 100 psi. These results indicate the potential of HPW to be included as a mitigation measure in a systems approach to improve market access for capsicum. However, further optimisation in a commercial setting and evidence for efficacy against other pests of capsicum, such as tomato potato psyllid is required. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Olsson, S. R. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Biswas, P. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Hansen, J.D., Heidi, M.L., Neven, L.G., Mielke, E.A., Bia, J., Chen, P.M., Spotts, R.A., Effect of high-pressure hot-water washing treatment on fruit quality, insects, and disease in apples and pears: Part III. Use of silicone-based materials and mechanical methods to eliminate pests (2006) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 40 (3), pp. 221-229; Hort, N.Z., (2014) Covered Crops, , http://www.freshvegetables.co.nz/crops/covered-crops, (accessed 28 October 2014); (2014) ISPM No. 14. 2002. The Use of Integrated Measures in A Systems Approach for Pest Risk Management, p. 40. , IPPC IPPC, FAO, Rome, Italy; Lamieson, L.E., Whiting, D.C., Woolf, A.B., White, A., McDonald, R.M., Water-blasting avocados to remove leafroller eggs (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 371-374; Lamieson, L.E., Nem, P., Chhagan, A., Olsson, S., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., Woolf, A., High pressure water-washing to remove pests from capsicums (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 118-122; Lui, D., Trumble, I.T., Tomato psyllid behavioural responses to tomato plant lines and interactions of plant lines with insecticides (2004) Lournal of Economic Entomology, 97, pp. 1078-1085; O'Donoghue, E.M., Somerfield, S., McLachlan, A., Olsson, S., Woolf, A., High-pressure water washing and continuous high humidity during storage and shelf conditions prolongs quality of red capsicums (Capsicum annuum L.) (2013) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 81, pp. 73-80; Olsson, S., O'Donogue, E., Brummell Lamieson McDonald Woolf R L D, A., Effect of high pressure water-washing and hot water drench on postharvest quality of capsicums (2009) Postharvest Pacifica 2009, Australasian Postharvest and Managing Quality in Chains Conference, p. 123. , 15-19 November 2009, Napier, New Zealand; Dai, T., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielsen, M.C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Whiting, D.C., Hoy, L.E., Maindonald, J.H., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., High-pressure washing treatments to remove Obscure mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and Lightbrown apple moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from harvested apples (1998) Lournal of Economic Entomology, 91 (6), pp. 1458-1463; Whiting, D.C., Hoy, L.E., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., Effects of high-pressure water jets on armoured scale insects and other contaminants of harvest kiwifruit (1998) New Zealand Plant Protection, 51, pp. 211-215; Woolf, A., McDonald, R., Rogers, D., Olsson, S., Redpath, S., Odonoghue, E., Kagy, V., Walker Lamieson J, L., Advances in application of high pressure washing to enhance market access (2015) International Horticulture Congress (August 2014), Brisbane, Australia. Acta Horticulturae (, , in press) PY - 2015 SP - 348-352 ST - High-pressure-washing to manage insect infestations on capsicums T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - High-pressure-washing to manage insect infestations on capsicums UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960427701&partnerID=40&md5=d1cb7959201b999b3b272aebfdddc6d7 VL - 68 ID - 111 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Apple Futures was a research implementation project designed to produce export quality, ultra-low residue apples while meeting the phytosanitary requirements of over 60 countries. In 3 years from 2007/08 to 2009/10 seasons it was successfully implemented on 65% of New Zealand's export apple crop with a benefit-cost ratio of 30 times the value of the investment. The process of developing and implementing Apple Futures is the subject of a case study on co-innovation - an approach to solving complex problems that engages multiple stakeholders throughout research and extension initiatives to enhance adoption and impact. A new innovation system analysis framework was used to identify key co-innovation learnings. These included the importance of trust amongst participants, learning together, a clear agenda for change, and monitoring and evaluating progress towards that change agenda. Findings are discussed in the context of maximising impact in innovation projects in New Zealand's primary sector. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Park, N. M. AU - Williams, T. A. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Butcher, M. R. AU - Turner, J. A. AU - Botha, N. AU - Vereijssen, J. AU - Taylor, N. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Austin-Smith, J., (2008) Background and Project Management. 2008 Nelson Technical Seminar, , Pipfruit NZ Inc, Hastings, New Zealand; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, penconazole and dodine in relation to fungicide use in Hawke s Bay apple orchards (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 106-113; Botha, N., Klerkx, L., Small, B., Turner, J., Using co-innovation to stimulate innovation in the New Zealand Agricultural sector (2014) 11th European IFSA Symposium, pp. 232-239. , Berlin, Germany; Butcher, M., (2007) A Word from the Technical Manager. Pipfruit NEWZ, , Pipfruit NZ Inc., Hastings, New Zealand; Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 on Maximum Residue Levels of Pesticides in or on Food and Feed of Plant and Animal Origin, , http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32005R0396&rid=l, European Parliament and Council 2005 (accessed 13/04/2015); Fox, A., (2011) 100% Pure NZ Apples Brand Pitched at India, , http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/4789768/100-pure-NZ-apples-brand-pitched-at-India, NZFarmer.co.nz. Fairfax New Zealand Ltd. 21 March 2011 (accessed 21/02/2014); Hekkert, M., Suurs, R., Negro, S., Kuhlmann, S., Smits, R., Functions of innovation systems: A new approach for analysing technological change (2007) Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 74, pp. 413-432; (2006) Smarter, Faster, Better-Leading Niche Player. A Development Strategy for the NZ Pipfruit Industry, p. 78. , http://www.Coriolisresearch.com/pdfs/PNZ_STRATEGIC_REPORT.pdf, Innomarc Consulting Ltd Innomarc Consulting Ltd. Wellington (accessed 5/08/2013); Joyce, S., Guy, N., (2014) $15m for New Biological Research Partnerships, , http://beehive.govt.nz/release/15m-new-biological-research-partnerships, Press release 28 October 2014. beehive.co.nz New Zealand Government (accessed 20/01/2015); Kaye-Blake, W., Zuccollo, J., The economic impacts of the Apple Futures programme (2012) Conference of the New Zealand Association of Economists, p. 36p. , 27 June 2012. Palmerston North, New Zealand; Lamprinopoulou, C., Renwick, A., Klerkx, L., Hermans, F., Roep, D., Application of an integrated systemic framework for analysing agricultural innovation systems and informing innovation policies: Comparing the Dutch and Scottish agrifood sectors (2014) Agricultural Systems, 129, pp. 40-54; Mallard, T., (2007) Groundbreaking Apple Futures Programme Launched. Press Release, , http://wwwbeehive.Govt.nz/release/groundbreaking-apple-futures-project-launched, 25 July 2007. New Zealand Government (accessed 22/02/2014); (2005) Pipfruit Monitoring Report, p. 28p. , http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications?title=farm%20monitoring%20report, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand (accessed 24/02/2014); Nederlof, S., Wongtschowski, M., Ed. F Lee V.Der, (2011) Putting Heads Together. Agricultural Innovations Platforms in Practice, Bulletin 396, p. 192p. , Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Park, N.M., Jts, W., (2011) Apple Futures 2008-2010. Final Report. Client Report 6036. Plant &food Research, Auckland, p. 60p. , New Zealand; Patton, M.Q., (1990) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Second Edition, p. 532p. , SAGE Publications Inc., USA; (2012) Pipfruit Industry Statistical Annual 2011, p. 33p. , Pipfruit New Zealand Inc. Pipfruit New Zealand Inc, Hastings, New Zealand; (2014) 100% Pure Apples from New Zealand, , http://www.produceofnewzealand.org, Pipfruit New Zealand Inc. (accessed 29/08/2014); Rogers, D.J., Sharma, N., Stretton, D.C., Jts, W., Toxicity of pesticides to Aphelinus Mali, the parasatoid of woolly apple aphid (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 235-240; Rogers, D.J., Lo, P.L., Jts, W., Vulnerability of pest management in New Zealand apples: Pesticide toxicity to Aphelinus Mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 299-305; Van Mierlo, B., Regeer, B., Van Amstel, M., Arkesteijn, M., Beekman, V., Bunders, J., De Cock Buning, T., Leeuwis, C., (2010) Reflexive Monitoring in Action. A Guide for Monitoring System Innovation Projects, p. 106p. , www.wageningenur.nl/en/show/Reflexive-Monitoring-in-Action.htm, Wageningen/Amsterdam, Communication and Innovations Studies, WUR; Athena Institute, VU (accessed 25/02/2014); Jts, W., Park, N.M., Butcher, M.R., Apple Futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production programme (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 282-290; Jts, W., Dwl, M., Ch, W., Lo, P.L., Suckling, D.M., Development of integrated fruit production programmes in the New Zealand horticultural industry (2001) Bulletin OILB/SROP, V. 24. International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, Dijon, France., pp. 39-44; Wieczorek, A.J., Hekkert, M.P., Systemic instrument for systemic innovation problems: A framework for policy makers and innovation scholars (2012) Science and Policy, 39, pp. 74-87 PY - 2015 SP - 291-298 ST - Enhancing innovation and technology transfer in the New Zealand apple industry-learnings from Apple Futures T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Enhancing innovation and technology transfer in the New Zealand apple industry-learnings from Apple Futures UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960407421&partnerID=40&md5=3619da0a0936b492a0babfffeac7b11f VL - 68 ID - 92 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The presence of live pests on packed apples is a concern for many of New Zealand's export markets. Greedy and latania scale, onion thrips, apple leafcurling midge (diapausing larvae) and obscure mealybug were subjected to hot water treatments (HWT) of 49.5, 51.0 or 52.5°C for either 1, 2 or 3 min. Latania, greedy scale and onion thrips were the most susceptible pests to HWT, with either 2-3 min at 49.5°C or ≥ 1 min at 51.0 or 52.5°C achieving >80% mortality. HWT of 52.5°C for 1-3 min consistently achieved >90% mortality of apple leaf curling midge diapausing larvae. Obscure mealybug was the most tolerant species tested, with mortalities of 60-70% at 51.0 or 52.5°C for 2 or 3 min. A HWT of 51°C for 2 min did not affect quality of ®Royal Gala',®Fuji' and ®Braeburn' apples. There is potential for short-duration HWTs to achieve high mortalities of a range of insects, while resulting in minimal damage to apple fruit. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Hall, M. K. D. AU - Olsson, S. R. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Fallik, E., Prestorage hot water treatments (immersion, rinsing and brushing) (2004) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 32, pp. 125-134; Ferguson, I.B., Ben-Yehoshua, S., Mitcham, E.J., McDonald, R.E., Lurie, S., Postharvest heat treatments: Introduction and workshop summary (2000) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 21, pp. 1-6; Heather, N.W., Hallman, G.J., Phytosanitary heat treatments. Chapter 8 (2008) Pest Management and Phytosanitary Trade Barriers. CABI (ISBN 1845933443)., pp. 111-131; Lamieson, L.E., Connolly, P.G., A quick reference guide for pest mortality during coolstorage. Report to Zespri Group Limited, Plant & Food Research Report No. 38214 Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 49p. , Page-Weir NEM 2010; Lamieson, L.E., Griffin, M., Nem, P., Chhagan, A., Redpath, S., Connolly, P.G., Developing ethyl formate treatment for disinfesting pipfruit (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 96-102; Lamieson, L.E., Meier, X., Bbc, P., Zulhendri, F., Nem, P., Brash, D., McDonald, R.M., Woolf, A.B., A review of postharvest disinfestation technologies for selected fruits and vegetables. Report to Horticulture New Zealand, Plant & Food Research Report No. 3100 (2009) Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand., p. 167p; Jones, V., Waddell, B.C., Maindonald, I.H., (1993) Heat Treatment of New Zealand Apples Leafroller Waterbath Trials, p. 22p. , Report to New Zealand Apple and Pear Marketing Board and the Foundation for Research Science and Technology, Hort Research Report No. 93/273, HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Lester, P.I., Dentener, P.R., Petry, R.J., Alexander, S.M., Hot-water immersion for disinfestation of lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) and longtailed mealy bug (Pseudococcus longispinus) on persimmons (1995) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 6, pp. 349-356; Lurie, S., Fallik, E., Klein, I.D., Kozar, F., Kovacs, K., Postharvest heat treatment of apples to control San lose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock) and blue mold (Penicillium expansion Link) and maintain fruit firmness (1998) Lournal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 123, pp. 110-114; Mangan, R., Hallman, G., Temperature treatments for quarantine security: New approaches for fresh commodities (1997) Thermal Sensitivity in Insects and Application in Integrated Pest Management, p. 311p. , Hallman G, Denlinger D ed Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Maxin, P., Rws, W., Pedersen, H.L., Williams, M., Hot-water dipping of apples to control Penicillium expansurn, Neonectria galligena and Botrytis cinerea: Effects of temperature on spore germination and fruit rots (2012) European Lournal of Horticultural Science, 77, pp. 1-9; Maxin, P., Rws, W., Pedersen, H.L., Williams, M., Control of a wide range of storage rots in naturally infected apples by hot-water dipping and rinsing (2012) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 70, pp. 25-31; McLaren, G.F., Fraser, J.A., Upper thermotolerance of New Zealand flower thrips Thrips obscuratus (Crawford) (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 204-210; McLaren, G.F., Fraser, J.A., McDonald, R.M., The feasibility of hot water disinfestation of summerfruit (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 425-430; Spooner, K.J., Lay-Yee, M., (1994) Response of Granny Smith Apples to Hot Water Treatment and 38°C Pretreatments, p. 56p. , Report to ENZA New Zealand (International), HortResearch Report No. 94/318, HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Spooner, K.J., Lay-Yee, M., (1995) Response of Braeburn Apples to Hot Water Treatments for Insect Control, p. 72p. , Report to ENZA New Zealand (International), HortResearch Report No. 95/273, HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Tang, J., Mitcham, E., Wang, S., Lurie, S., (2007) Heat Treatments for Postharvest Pest Control, p. 349p. , CAB International, Wallingford, Oxford, UK; Teruya, R., Takushi, T., Hirose, N., Makishi, Y., Ooshiro, Y., Short hot water treatment for control of anthracnose in mango (2012) Horticultural Research (Japan), 11, pp. 265-271; Waddell, B.C., Alderson, S.L., (1998) Heat Treatment of New Zealand Apples-Leafroller Water Treatments, p. 73p. , Report to ENZA New Zealand (International), HortResearch Report No. 98/26, HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Waddell, B.C., Jones, V.M., Birtles, D.B., Comparative mortality responses to two species of mites following heat treatment (1993) Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 1-5; Woolf, A., McDonald, R., Rogers, D., Olsson, S., Redpath, S., Odonoghue, E., Cate, L., Jamieson, L., Advances in application of high pressure washing to enhance market access (2014) Acta Horticulturae, , in press PY - 2015 SP - 340-347 ST - Investigating the feasibility of short-duration hot water treatments for apple disinfestation T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Investigating the feasibility of short-duration hot water treatments for apple disinfestation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960376957&partnerID=40&md5=c787f39fe615411dfbe66a3706e54a6d VL - 68 ID - 87 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New pest management practices in New Zealand's apple sector have provided ecological and economic outcomes that are recognised by growers and exporters. Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) pest control systems that combine biological control, selective insecticides and mating disruption have been developed to achieve these outcomes. Although pest management in apple orchards is now more sustainable, it is also highly vulnerable to pesticide-induced disruption. The toxicity of four pesticides (spinetoram, thiacloprid, spinosad and spirotetramat) on the natural enemy of woolly apple aphid, Aphelinus Mali, was examined. While applications of spinetoram were the primary cause of aphid outbreaks in 2007-08, other insecticides can contribute to the instability of this biocontrol system. The consequences of applying these disruptive pesticides to aphid control are discussed, together with strategies to mitigate the vulnerability of the IFP programme to pest outbreaks. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abbott, W.S., A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide (1925) Economic Entomology, 18, pp. 265-257; Batchelor, T.A., Jts, W., Dwl, M., Park, N.M., Johnson, S.R., New Zealand integrated fruit production for pipfruit-charting a new course (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 14-19; Bergh, J., Short, B., Ecological and life-history notes on syrphid predators of woolly apple aphid in Virginia, with emphasis on Heringia calcarata (2008) BioControl, 53, pp. 773-786; Biondi, A., Mommaerts, V., Smagghe, G., Vinuela, E., Zappala, L., Desneux, N., The non-target impact of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods (2012) Pest Management Science, 68, pp. 1523-1536; Bradley, S.I., Murrell, V.C., Shaw, P.W., Jts, W., Effect of orchard pesticides on Aphelinus Mali, the woolly apple aphid parasitoid (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 218-222; Gontijo, L.M., Natural Enemies of Woolly Apple Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Washington State (2012) Environmental Entomology, 41, pp. 1364-1371; Sdm, G., (2013) Ecological and Logistical Considerations Toward Introducing Heringia Calcarata to New Zealand, p. 79p. , Master of Science in Life Science thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA; Sdm, G., Charles, J.G., Mwr, S., Bergh, J.C., Laboratory and field studies supporting the development of Heringia calcarata as a candidate biological control agent for Eriosoma lanigerum in New Zealand (2013) BioControl, 58, pp. 645-656; Kaye-Blake, W., Zuccollo, J., (2012) The Economic Impact of the Apple Futures Programme. The New Zealand Association of Economists, p. 15p. , Palmerston North, New Zealand; Lo, P.L., Jts, W., Rogers, D.J., Risks to pest management in New Zealand's pipfruit Integrated Fruit Production programme (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 306-312; Mills, N.J., Fernandez, L., Cois, C., Van Steenwyk, R., (2010) Selective Pesticides and Biological Control in Walnut Pest Management, pp. 295-306. , Walnut Research Reports, California Walnut Board, Davis, California, USA; Pjm, M., Boers, J.M., A simulation study with a Dutch and a Canadian strain of the parasitoid Aphelinus Mali (Hald.) for control of woolly apple aphids Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) in the Netherlands (1999) Acta Horticulturae, 499, pp. 261-270; Monteiro, L., Souza, A., Belli, E., Parasitism on Eriosoma lanigerum (Homoptera: Apididae) by Aphelinus Mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on apple orchards, in Fraiburgo country, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (2004) Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, 26, pp. 550-551; Nicholas, A., Spooner-Hart, R., Vickers, R., Abundance and natural control of the woolly aphid Eriosoma lanigerum in an Australian apple orchard IPM program (2005) BioControl, 50, pp. 271-291; Rogers, D.J., Sharma, N., Stretton, D.C., Jts, W., Toxicity of pesticides to Aphelinus Mali, the parasitoid of woolly apple aphid (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 235-240; Shaw, P.W., Jts, W., Biological control of woolly apple aphid by Aphelinus Mali in an integrated fruit production programme in Nelson (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 59-63; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Susceptibility of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, to insecticide residues on apple leaves (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 55-59; Suckling, D.M., Jts, W., Ch, W., Ecological impact of three pest management systems in New Zealand apple orchards. Agriculture (1999) Ecosystems & Environment, 73, pp. 129-140; Varela, L., Walker, J., Lo, P., Rogers, D.J., New Zealand lessons may aid efforts to control light brown apple moth in California (2010) California Agriculture, 64, pp. 6-12; Jts, W., Ch, W., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Burnip, G.M., Tomkins, A.R., Richardson, C., Hodson, A.J., Integrated fruit production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management recommendations (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealnd Plant Protection Conference, pp. 166-172; Jts, W., Park, N.M., Clothier, B.E., Dwl, M., Van Den Dijssel, C.W., Hodson, A.J., Barley, M.J., Hodson-Kersey, L.R., Progress in pesticide risk reduction in New Zealand horticulture (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 321-327; Williams, T., Valle, J., Vinuela, E., Is the naturally derived insecticide Spinosad® compatible with insect natural enemies? (2003) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 13, pp. 459-475 PY - 2015 SP - 299-305 ST - Vulnerability of pest management in New Zealand apples: Pesticide toxicity to Aphelinus Mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Vulnerability of pest management in New Zealand apples: Pesticide toxicity to Aphelinus Mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960390872&partnerID=40&md5=0eaace44c711b6285c474574f449356d VL - 68 ID - 123 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The control of tomato potato psyllid largely depends on effective application of pesticides. This paper presents an experiment to measure deposition using leaf washing of spray containing water and rhodamine dye on a potato canopy. The treatments included conventional boom, canopy submerged DropSpray® combination, electrostatic spraying system (both engaged and disengaged) and air-assisted rotary atomizer. During the same experiment the quality of coverage was measured using Kromekote® paper. Comparison of both sampling methods illustrated a rapid decrease of deposited material as it descended through the canopy. The leaf washing indicated more deposition within the canopy with the DropSpray® unit and a sampler difference when the electrostatics either were engaged or disengaged. It was concluded that Kromekote® paper cannot provide direct comparative analysis of spray dose on real leaves and its position affected the results. Finally, novel spray technologies gave better deposition to the undersides of leaves. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Roten, R. L. AU - Connell, R. J. AU - Hewitt, A. J. AU - Woodward, S. J. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2009) Spray Nozzle Classification by Droplet Spectra, 1. , Anon. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; Forster, W.A., Gaskin, R.E., Strand, T.M., Dwl, M., Van Leeuwen, R.M., Effect of target wettability on spray droplet adhesion, retention, spreading and coverage: Artificial collectors versus plant surfaces (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 284-291; Fritz, B., Parker, C., Lopez, J., Jr., Hoffmann, W., Schleider, P., Deposition and droplet sizing characterization of a laboratory spray table (2009) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 25, pp. 175-180; Hislop, E.C., Cooke, B.K., Jmp, H., Deposition and biological efficacy of a fungicide applied in charged and uncharged sprays in cereal crops (1983) Crop Protection, 2, pp. 305-316; Hoffmann, W., Walker, T., Martin, D., Barber, J., Gwinn, T., Smith, V., Szumlas, D., Fritz, B., Characterization of truck-mounted atomization equipment typially used in vector control (2007) Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 23, pp. 321-329; Kale, A., (2011) Report on the Economic and Business Impacts of Potato Psyllid on the Potato Industry. Prepared for Potatoes New Zealand, , http://www.potatoesnz.co.nz/users/Image/Downloads/PDFs/Potato%20Economic%20survey%20Report%20Jun%202011_V2.pdf, (accessed 14 February 2013); Koch, H., Knewitz, H., Methodology and sampling technique of spray deposit and distribution measurement in orchards (2006) Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, 58, pp. 6-9; Marchant, J.A., Green, R., An electrostatic charging system for hydraulic spray nozzles (1982) Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 27, pp. 309-319; Nordbo, E., Effects of nozzle size, travel speed and air assistance on deposition on artificial vertical and horizontal targets in laboratory experiments (1992) Crop Protection, 11, pp. 272-278; Roten, R.L., Hewitt, A.J., Ledebuhr, M., Thistle, H., Connell, R.J., Wolf, T.M., Sankar, S., Woodward, S.J.R., Evaluation of spray deposition in potatoes using various spray delivery systems (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 317-323; Waite, R.A., (1977) Spread Factors of Pesticidal Spray Formulations on Kromekote Cards, pp. 1-8. , Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon, USA PY - 2015 SP - 38-43 ST - Comparison of spray dose measured on leaf surfaces with spray coverage estimated from Kromekote® paper T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of spray dose measured on leaf surfaces with spray coverage estimated from Kromekote® paper UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960426947&partnerID=40&md5=941685293ecaf4810edeaf45a278c027 VL - 68 ID - 112 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effects of cold storage on eclosion, longevity and fecundity of adults of Mastrus ridens, an ectoparasitoid of codling moth, were investigated by holding different life-stages (eggs, developing larvae, mature larvae, pre-pupae and pupae) at 4°C for different periods (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks). Cold storage of eggs for 4 weeks resulted in high larval mortality. The development periods after cold storage decreased and the immature mortality increased with advancing developmental stages before cold storage. The longevity of females decreased with increasing cold storage of pre-pupae and pupae. Neither fecundity nor oviposition period of females emerging from the seven selected treatments was different from the control (females reared at optimum temperature). Results indicated that 7-to 10-day-old M. ridens larvae can be stored for up to 12 weeks at 4°C without any detrimental effect on their survival or quality of adulthood. Application of this finding will help with supply of the large numbers of parasitoids needed during the release programme. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Davis, V. A. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Charles, J. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bai, B., Smith, S.M., Effect of host availability on reproduction and survival of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutum (1993) Ecological Entomology, 18, pp. 279-286; Charles, J.G., Wrm, S., Chhagan, A., Nem, P., Survival of the gregarious ectoparasitoid Mastrus ridens on codling moth, Cydia pomonella, and non-target species (2013) Biocontrol, 58, pp. 505-513; Colinet, H., Boivin, G., Insect parasitoids cold storage: A comprehensive review of factors of variability and consequences (2011) Biological Control, 58, pp. 83-95; Devotto, L., Del, V.C., Ceballos, R., Gerding, M., Biology of Mastrus ridibundus (Gravenhorst), a potential biological control agent for area-wide management of Cydia pomonella (Linneaus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2010) Journal of Applied Entomology, 134, pp. 243-250; Dobson, A.J., (1990) An Introduction to Generalized Linear, Models, , Chapman and Hall, London, UK; Hackermann, J., Rott, A.S., Tschudi-Rein, K., Dorn, S., Cold stored ectoparasitoid of Cydia fruit moths released under different temperature regimes (2008) Biocontrol, 53, pp. 857-867; Hastie, T.J., Pregibon, D., (1992) Generalized Linear Models, , Chapter 6 of Statistical Models in S. Chambers JM, Hastie TJ ed. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, California; Hougardy, E., Bezemer, T.M., Mills, N.J., Effects of host deprivation and egg expenditure on the reproductive capacity of Mastrus ridibundus, an introduced parasitoid for the biological control of codling moth in California (2005) Biological Control, 33, pp. 96-106; Hougardy, E., Mills, N.J., The influence of host deprivation and egg expenditure on the rate of dispersal of a parasitoid following field release (2006) Biological Control, 37, pp. 206-213; Leopold, R.A., Cold storage of insects for integrated pest management (1998) Temperature Sensitivity in Insects and Application in Integrated Pest Management, pp. 235-267. , Hallman GJ, Denlinger DL ed. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, USA; Luczynski, A., Nyrop, J.P., Shi, A., Influence of cold storage on pupal development and mortality during storage and on post-storage performance of Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (2007) Biological Control, 40, pp. 107-117; Mills, N., Selecting effective parasitoids for biological control introductions: Codling moth as a case study (2005) Biological Control, 34, pp. 274-282; (2014) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Rundle, B.J., Thomson, L.J., Hoffmann, A.A., Effects of cold storage on field and laboratory performance of Trichogramina carverae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and the response of three Trichogramina spp. (T. Carverae, T. Nr. Brassicae, and T. Funiculatum) to cold (2004) Journal of Economic Entomology, 97, pp. 213-221; Sajid, N., Muhammad, A., Muhammad, H., Sohail, A., Optimization of short and long term storage duration for Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) at low temperatures (2010) Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 42, pp. 63-67; Wrm, S., Chhagan, A., Nem, P., Charles, J.G., Colony optimisation of Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of codling moth in New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 227-234; Silva, R.J., Cividanes, F.J., Pedroso, E.C., Barbosa, J.C., Matta, D.H., Correia, E.T., Otuka, A.K., Effect of low-temperature storage on Diaeretiella rapae (Mcintosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (2013) Neotropical Entomology, 42, pp. 527-533; Tezze, A.A., Botto, E.N., Effect of cold storage on the quality of Trichogramma nerudai (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (2004) Biological Control, 30, pp. 11-16; Van Lenteren, J.C., Tommasini, M.G., Mass production, storage, shipment and release of natural enemies (2003) Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents: Theory and Testing Procedures, pp. 181-190. , van Lenteren JC ed. CABI, Wallingford, UK PY - 2015 SP - 197-203 ST - Influence of cold storage on survival and fitness of Mastrus ridens, an ectoparasitoid of codling moth T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of cold storage on survival and fitness of Mastrus ridens, an ectoparasitoid of codling moth UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960446968&partnerID=40&md5=e6d0e0c7f1f7f6648c68f54b23281c4a VL - 68 ID - 121 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fungus Neonectria ditissima causes European canker of apple. To determine the pathogenicity of different isolates, conidial inoculum of each isolate needs to be prepared. Freezing inoculum ensures that conidia do not germinate before inoculation, and facilitates screening of large numbers of isolates. In this study, conidial suspensions of three different isolates and 'field conidia' collected from apple cankers were used to inoculate dormant potted 1-year-old 'Royal Gala' trees in a glasshouse. Each conidial suspension (2×105 conidia/ml) was used either fresh or defrosted after 3 days at-20°C. Five buds per shoot were removed and inoculated, with four replicates of two shoots per treatment. Significant differences in disease incidence and lesion size were observed between the different isolates at each assessment date, 5 to 15 weeks after inoculation (P<0.003), but freezing the inoculum had no effect on disease incidence or lesion size. Frozen conidial suspensions can be used for pathogenicity studies and may also be a long-term storage option for cultures. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Frijters, L. AU - Fisher, B. M. AU - Hedderley, D. I. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Rwa, S., Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; Barnhart, E.E., Terry, C.E., Cryobiology of Neurospora crassa: I. Freeze response of Neurospora crassa conidia (1971) Cryobiology, 8, pp. 323-327; Barnhart, E.E., Terry, C.E., Cryobiology of Neurospora crassa: II. Alteration in freeze response of Neurospora crassa conidia by additives (1971) Cryobiology, 8, pp. 328-332; Chehri, K., Salleh, B., Yli-Mattila, T., Soleimani, M.J., Yousefi, A.R., Occurrence, pathogenicity and distribution of Fusarium spp. in stored wheat seeds Kermanshah province, Iran (2010) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 13, pp. 1178-1186; Collins, A., Can, O., Morton, A., Parry, D., Edwards, S.G., Barbara, D.J., Isolates of Verticillium dahliae pathogenic to crucifers are of at least three distinct molecular types (2003) Phytopathology, 93, pp. 364-376; Dahmen, H., Staub, T., Schwinn, F.J., Technique for long-term preservation of Phytopathogenic fungi in liquid nitrogen (1983) Phytopathology, 73, pp. 241-246; Dubin, H.J., English, H., Factors affecting apple leaf scar infection by Nectria galligena conidia (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 1201-1203; English, H., Dubin, H.J., Schick, F.J., Chemical control of European canker of apple (1979) Plant Disease Reporter, 63, pp. 998-1002; Homolka, L., Methods of cryopreservation (2013) Laboratory Protocols in Fungal Biology: Current Methods in Fungal Biology, pp. 9-16. , Gupta VK, Tuohy MG, Awachamy M, Turner KM, O'Donovan A ed Springer; Latorre, B.A., Rioja, M.E., Lillo, C., Munoz, M., The effect of temperature and wetness duration on infection and a warning system for European canker (Nectria galligena) of apple in Chile (2002) Crop Protection, 21, pp. 285-291; Littel, R.C., Henry, P.R., Ammerman, C.B., Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures (1998) Journal of Animal Science, 76, pp. 1216-1231; Matsushima, T., A new medium for identification of hyphomycetes (1961) Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan, 2, pp. 118-120; Satou, M., Fukumoto, F., Preservation of conidia of broccoli downly mildew fungus with cryogenic protectants by freezing at-80C (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 492-499; Rwa, S., Fisher, B.M., Wood, P.N., Pathogenicity of field and laboratory grown inoculum of Neonectria galligena on potted apple trees (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 280. , (abstract only); Rwa, S., Fisher, B.M., Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Effect of culture medium, light and air circulation on sporulation of Neonectria ditissima (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 123-132; Rws, W., Biology and control of the aplle canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. Galligena) from a Northwestern European perspective (2014) Erwerbs-Obstbau, 56, pp. 95-107; Xu, X., Butt, D.J., Ridout, M.S., The effects of inoculum dose, duration of wet period, temperature and wound age on infection by Nectria galligena of pruning wounds on apple (1998) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104, pp. 511-519 PY - 2015 SP - 257-263 ST - Effect of freezing of Neonectria ditissima inoculum on its pathogenicity T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of freezing of Neonectria ditissima inoculum on its pathogenicity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960385201&partnerID=40&md5=41cac6329eea9475230fbcad81c8a8ba VL - 68 ID - 129 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Leafroller larvae and pupae were collected during timed searches in January and April 2013 from host plants at six scrub vegetation sites in two Nelson horticultural districts approximately 40 km apart. The numbers of leafrollers and parasitoid species recovered were similar in both districts. Most of the leafroller larvae collected were Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (lightbrown apple moth, LBAM), and most of these were found on gorse and broom. In total, 293 larvae and 11 pupae were reared successfully, with 39% parasitism. A wide diversity of parasitoids was recovered, comprising 10 species from five families, with Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Braconidae) the most common (80%). The diversity of parasitoids and parasitism of leafrollers in unmanaged environments outside orchards may help to reduce leafroller pressure and the risk of fruit infestation in surrounding commercial orchards. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Dugdale, J.S., Crosby, T., (1995) BUGS Database of Leafrollers and Their Host Plants, , Landcare Research, Mt. Albert Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; Dumbleton, L.J., The apple leaf-roller (Tortrix postvittana Walker) (1932) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 14, pp. 83-92; Dumbleton, L.J., Apanteles tasmanica Cam., a braconid parasite of leafroller larvae (1935) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 17, pp. 572-576; Lo, P.L., Suckling, D.M., Bradley, S.J., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., Burnip, C.M., Factors affecting feeding site preferences of the lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2000) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 28, pp. 235-243; Rogers, D.J., Jts, W., Moen, I.C., Weibel, F., Lo, P.L., Cole, L.M., Understorey influence on leafroller populations in Hawke's Bay organic orchards (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 168-173; Shaw, P.W., Lo, P.L., Wallis, D.R., Recent introduction and establishment of the leafroller parasitoid Trigonospila brevifacies (Hardy) (Diptera: Tachinidae) in Nelson (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 33-36; Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science and Its Application, 4, pp. 357-362; Suckling, D.M., Jts, W., Shaw, P.W., Reducing insecticide use in pipfruit: Nelson demonstration trials (1990) Proceedings of the 43rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 306-310; Suckling, D.M., Burnip, C.M., Jts, W., Shaw, P.W., McLaren, G.F., Howard, C.R., Lo, P.L., Fraser, J., Abundance of leafrollers and their parasitoids on selected host plants in New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 26, pp. 193-203; Suckling, D.M., Burnip, C.M., Gibb, A.R., Daly, J.M., Armstrong, K.F., Plant and host effects on the leafroller parasitoid Dolichogenidea tasmanica (2001) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 100, pp. 253-260; Thomas, W.P., Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), lightbrown apple moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 187-195. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain WP, Thomas WP ed CAB International, Oxford; Ch, W., (1994) National Leafroller Survey: Species Distribution Charts for Crops and Regions, , HortResearch internal report No. IR 94-64, HortResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand PY - 2015 SP - 193-196 ST - Parasitoids of leafrollers (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) from scrub vegetation near horticultural areas in Nelson T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Parasitoids of leafrollers (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) from scrub vegetation near horticultural areas in Nelson UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960445349&partnerID=40&md5=8c7bd71e183090f00e0d46509e72fb0d VL - 68 ID - 113 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Botryosphaeria dieback of blueberry is caused by several botryosphariaceous species including Neofusicoccum ribis. This research investigated whether stem damage caused by three herbicides could allow for penetration of blueberry stems by this pathogen. Results showed that all the herbicides damaged hard green shoots, of which 100% were penetrated by the inoculated N. ribis. Mean lesion lengths were similar for all herbicides and the inoculated wounded control (P=0.240). Isolations from bark and wood showed similar infected proportions for bark (P=0.14) but different proportions for wood (P=0.035). These mean proportions were: 76.4% for bark and 82.5% for wood when treated with glufosinate-ammonium, 74.6% and 75.0% with paraquat+diquat, 66.9% and 61.4% with carfentrazone-ethyl, and 58.1% and 60.4% for the inoculated wounded control. This study has indicated that herbicide damage can create entry ports for stem pathogens, and highlights the importance of careful herbicide application to manage understorey weeds in blueberry farms. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tennakoon, K. M. S. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jones, E. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cline, W.O., Predicting blueberry stem blight in new plantings (1997) Acta Horticulturae, 446, pp. 421-426; Cohen, R., Blaier, B., Schaffer, A.A., Katan, J., Effect of acetochlor treatment on Fusarium wilt and sugar content in melon seedlings (1996) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 102, pp. 45-50; Deacon, J., (2006) Fungal Biology, p. 118p. , Blackwell Publishing, UK; Duke, S.O., De, W., Cerdeira, A.L., Matallo, M.B., Herbicide effects on plant disease (2007) Outlooks Pest Management, 18, pp. 36-40; Espinoza, J.G., Braceno, E.X., Chavez, E.R., Urbez-Torres, J.R., Latorre, B.A., Neofusicoccum spp. Associated with stem canker and dieback of blueberry in Chile (2009) Plant Disease, 93 (11), pp. 1187-1194; Mersey, B.G., Hall, J.C., Anderson, D.M., Swanton, C.J., Factors affecting the herbicidal activity of glufosinate-ammonium: Absorption, translocation, and metabolism in barley and green foxtail (1990) Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 37 (1), pp. 90-98; Sammonds, J., Billones, R., Rocchetti, M., Ridgway, H.J., Walter, M., Jaspers, M.V., Survey of blueberry farms for Botryosphaeria dieback and crown rot pathogens (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 238-242; Smith, B., Detached stem assay to evaluate the severity of stem blight of rabbiteye blueberry {Vaccinium ashei) Acta Horticulturae, 446, pp. 457-464 PY - 2015 SP - 411-414 ST - Herbicide injuries on blueberry provide suitable infection sites for Neofusicoccum ribis T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Herbicide injuries on blueberry provide suitable infection sites for Neofusicoccum ribis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960405196&partnerID=40&md5=52f4fae4f5dab5af564acb49664c9a9d VL - 68 ID - 99 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Myrtle rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia psidii, is a disease of plants in the Myrtaceae that is currently not known to be present in New Zealand. Its origin is Central/South America, but it has steadily spread around the world and is now found in Australia. All New Zealand Myrtaceae species, including indigenous species, are at risk from myrtle rust infection, but the extent of the impact on plant health is not known. While the potential economic and environmental impacts of myrtle rust establishment in New Zealand have been well documented, this paper explores potential socio-cultural consequences for Maori. All indigenous Myrtaceae species can be considered as taonga (or treasure) by Maori, who have and continue to use the properties of some species in many ways (both tangible and intangible). Preparedness and response plans for a myrtle rust incursion in New Zealand should consider the values that Maori derive from these plants. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Alipia, T. T. AU - Ropata, H. T. AU - Green, J. M. AU - Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. AU - Cromey, M. G. AU - Arthur, K. AU - MacDiarmid, R. M. AU - Waipara, N. W. AU - Marsh, A. T. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2012) Myrtle Rust Host List, , http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/biosecurity/plant/myrtle-rust/hosts, Anonymous (accessed 30 April 2015); (2015) Information on Myrtaceae Species Traditional Uses and Distribution, , http://www.terrain.net.nz/friends-of-te-henui-group/table-1/ramarama-lophomyrtus-bullata.html, Anonymous (accessed 11 May 2015); Alipia, T.T., Impact of Puccinia psidii on Maori taonga plant species (2014) Plant & Food Research Internal Report, Plant & Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand; Bylsma, R.J., Clarkson, B.D., Efford, J.T., Biological flora of New Zealand 14: Metrosideros exceka, pohutukawa, New Zealand Christmas tree (2014) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 52, pp. 365-385; http://www.cabi.org/cpc/?compid=l&dsid=45846&loadmodule=datasheet&page=868&site=161, CABI 2014. Puccinia psidii (guava rust): Crop Protection Compendium (accessed 19 April 2015); Carnegie, A.J., First report of Puccinia psidii (myrtle rust) in Eucalyptus plantations in Australia (2015) Plant Disease, 99, p. 161; Carnegie, A.J., Cooper, K., Emergency response to the incursion of an exotic myrtaceous rust in Australia (2011) Australasian Plant Pathology, 40, pp. 346-359; Carnegie, A.J., Lidbetter, J.R., Walker, J., Ma, H., Tesoriero, L., Glen, M., Priest, M.J., Uredo rangelii, a taxon in the guava rust complex, newly recorded on Myrtaceae in Australia (2010) Australasian Plant Pathology, 39, pp. 463-466; Clark, S., Risk analysis of the Puccinia psidii/Guava Rust fungal complex (including Uredo rangelii/Myrth Rust) on nursery stock (2011) Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; (2012) Investment Opportunities in the Honey Industry, , http://www.med.govt.nz/sectors-industries/food-beverage/pdf-docs-library/information-project/coriolis-report-investment-opportunities-honey-industry.pdf, Coriolis (accessed 4 April 2015); Coutinho, T.A., Wingfleld, M.J., Alfenas, A.C., Crous, P.W., Eucalyptus rust: A disease with the potential for serious international implications (1998) Plant Disease, 82, pp. 819-825; Dawson, J.W., Metrosideros bartlettii (Myrtaceae) a new species from North Cape, New Zealand (1985) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 23, pp. 607-610; De Lange, P.J., A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex (2014) PhytoKeys, 40, pp. 1-185; De Lange, P., (2014) Metrosideros Bartlettii, , http://www.iucnredlist.Org/details/34295/0, (accessed May 2015); De Lange, P., Norton, D., Heenan, P., Courtney, S., Molloy, B., Ogle, C., Ranee, B., Hitchmough, R., Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand (2004) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 42, pp. 45-76; Department of Conservation. Ngai Tahu Taonga Plant Species, , http://www.doc.Govt.nz/documents/about-doc/concessions-and-permits/conservation-revealed/ngai-tahu-taonga-plants-lowres.pdf, DOC 2006 (accessed 15 May 2015); Flavell, T.U., (2010) 9 December 2010, 669; New Zealand Parliamentary Debate Page 16210, , http://www.parliament.nz/minz/pb/debates/debates/speeches/49HansS_20101210_00002016/flavell-te-ururoa-biosecurity-law-reform-bill-%e2%80%94-flrst, (accessed 1 May 2015); New Zealand Horticulture, , http://www.freshfacts.co.nz/file/fresh-facts2014.pdf, Fresh Facts 2014 (accessed 10 May 2015); Glen, M., Alfenas, A.C., Eav, Z., Wingfleld, M.J., Mohammed, C., Puccinia psidii: A threat to the Australian environment and economy a review (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36, pp. 1-16; Giblin, F., Carnegie, A.J., (2014) Puccinia Psidii (Myrtle Rust)-Australian Host List. Version Current at 24 Sept. 2014, , http://www.anpc.asn.au/resources/Myrtle_Rust.html, (accessed 9 June 2015); Giblin, F., Carnegie, A.J., (2014) Puccinia Psidii (Myrtle Rust)-Global Host List. Version Current at 24 Sept. 2014, , https://www.anbg.gov.au/anpc/images/Puccinia%20psidii%20Global%20Host%20List%202014%20-%20MERGED%20COMPLETE%2024Sept2014.pdf, (accessed 9 June; Katene, R., (2011) Rahui Katene Speech: Biosecurity Law Reform Bill, , http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2011/08/rahui-katene-speech-biosecurity-law-reform-bill, (accessed 2 April 2015); Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Use of a spectrum model and satellite cloud data in the simulation of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) dispersal across the Tasman Sea in 1980 (2008) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148, pp. 1374-1382; Knightbridge, P.I., Ogden, J., Establishment patterns and host tree preferences of the emergent hemi-epiphytic tree Metrosideros robusta in northern New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 36, pp. 203-212; Kriticos, D.J., Morin, L., Leriche, A., Anderson, R.C., Caley, P., Combining a climatic niche model of an invasive fungus with its host species distributions to identify risks to natural assets: Puccinia psidii Sensu Lato in Australia (2013) PLoS One, 8 (5), p. e64479; Landcare Research 2015 Flora of New Zealand, , www.nzflora.info/factsheet/Taxon/Myrtaceae.html, (accessed 5 June 2015); Loope L (2010) A Summary of Information on the Rust Puccinia Psidii Winter (Guava Rust) with Emphasis on Means to Prevent Introduction of Additional Strains to hawai'I: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1082, , http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1082/, (assessed 10 May 2015); Narouei Khandan, H.A., (2014) Ensemble Models to Assess the Risk of Exotic Plant Pathogens in A Changing Climate, p. 280p. , PhD thesis, Lincoln University Lincoln, New Zealand; NZPCN (New Zealand Plant Conservation Network Database), , http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/default.aspx, (accessed 12 May 2015); Pegg, G.S., Giblin, F.R., McTaggart, A.R., Guymer, G.P., Taylor, H., Ireland, K.B., Shivas, R.G., Perry, S., Puccinia psidii in Queensland, Australia: Disease symptoms, distribution and impact (2014) Plant Pathology, 63, pp. 1005-1021; Ija, R., Pommer, C.V., Breeding guava {Psidium guajava) for resistance to rust caused by Puccinia psidii (2004) Acta Horticulturae, 632, pp. 75-78; Roberts, M., Looking backwards into the future (2009) Biosecurity, 90, pp. 4-6. , MAF Biosecuity Wellington, New Zealand; Ropata, H., The impact of myrtle rust on Maori taonga plant species and their use (2015) Plant & Food Research Internal Report, , SPTS No. 11156. Plant & Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand; Roux, J., Greyling, I., Coutinho, T.A., Verleur, M., Wingfleld, M.J., The Myrtle rust pathogen, Puccinia psidii, discovered in Africa (2013) IMA Fungus, 4, pp. 155-159; Nga Tipu Whakaoranga Maori-plant-use-database, , http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/data/nga-tipu-whakaoranga-maori-plant-use-database, Scheele 2014 (accessed 30 April 2015); Phm, S., Miranda, A.C., Mlt, M., Furtado, E.L., Stape, J.L., Alvares, C.A., Sentelhas, P.C., Sebbenn, A.M., Selecting for rust {Puccinia psidii) resistance in Eucalyptus grandis in Sao Paulo State, Brazil (2013) Forest Ecology and Management, 303, pp. 91-97; Jmc, S., Molan, P.C., Clarkson, B.D., A review of Leptospermum scoparium (Myrtaceae) in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Journal of Botany, pp. 431-449. , 43; Uchida, J.Y., Loope, L.L., A recurrent epiphytotic of guava rust on rose apple, Syzygium jambos, in Hawai'i (2009) Plant Disease, 93, p. 429; Slh, V., Cromey, M.G., Pathways of entry and spread of rust pathogens: Implications for New Zealand's biosecurity (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 42-48; Tribunal, W., (2011) Ko Aotearoa Tenei. A Report into Claims Concerning New Zealand Law and Policy Affecting Maori Culture and Identity. Te Taumata Tuarua. Volume 1. WAI 262, , Waitangi Tribunal Report 2011, Legislation Direct, Wellington, New Zealand; Wardle, P., Biological flora of New Zealand 6. Metrosideros umbellata Cav. [Syn. M. Lucida (Forst.F.) A. Rich.] (Myrtaceae) Southern rata (1971) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 9, pp. 645-671; Winter, G., Repertorium Rabenhorstii fungi europaei et extraeuropaei (in German) (1884) Cent XXXI et XXXII Hedwigia, 23, pp. 164-175 PY - 2015 SP - 66-75 ST - The threat of myrtle rust to Maori taonga plant species in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The threat of myrtle rust to Maori taonga plant species in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960421610&partnerID=40&md5=1e5f045b374ba1d7a973cad478081d5d VL - 68 ID - 98 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The response to the incursion of tomato potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), first recorded in New Zealand in 2006 and 2008, respectively, has been well documented. However, development of a bioprotection research programme to underpin effective crop production in the presence of TPP/CLso has not. This paper examines the strategic and operational responses of the main Crown Research Institute involved, in parallel with industry actions, in terms of the co-ordination, prioritisation and implementation of a proportionally increasing research programme, after it became clear that eradication of these organisms was not feasible. The establishment of TPP/CLso in New Zealand underlines the fragility of current integrated pest management (IPM) systems and the challenges faced by small industries to the establishment of poorly understood organisms with complex pest/disease/host plant interactions whose impacts were not immediately obvious. Insights are provided into how a research response to similar establishments might be developed in the future. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Hill, M. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Government Industry Agreement for Readiness and Response, , www.gia.org.nz, GIA 2015 (accessed May 2015); Goldson, S.L., Bourdôt, G.W., Brockerhoff, E.G., Byrom, A.E., Clout, M.N., McGlone, M.S., Nelson, W.A., Templeton, M.D., New Zealand pest management: Current and future challenges (2015) Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand; Hansen, A.K., Trumble, J.T., Stouthamer, R., Paine, T.D., A new huanglongbing species, "candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous, " found to infect tomato and potato, is vectored by the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (2008) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74 (18), pp. 5862-5865; Kriticos, D.J., Phillips, C.B., Suckling, D.M., Improving border biosecurity: Potential economic benefts to New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 1-6; Liefting, L.W., Perez-Egusquiza, Z.C., Grg, C., Jad, A., A new 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species in Solanum tuberosum in New Zealand (2008) Plant Disease, 92 (10), p. 1474; Martin, N.A., Workman, P.J., Confrmation of pesticide-resistant strain of western fower thrips in New Zealand (1994) Proceedings of the 47th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 144-148; Martin, N.A., Wright, P.J., Fletcher, J.D., Unwanted in New Zealand: Diseases and pests of crops (2009) Surveillance for Biosecurity: Pre-Border to Pest Management, pp. 81-87. , Froud KJ, Popay AI, Zydenbos SM ed New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Hastings, New Zealand; Realising Potato Export Growth Through Sustainable Management of the Zebra Chip Disease Complex. Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment, , http://www.msi.govt.nz/update-me/who-got-funded/show/29, MBIE 2015 (accessed May 2015); Biosecurity Response Knowledge Base. Ministry for Primary Industries, , http//brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/, MPI 2012 (accessed 15 May 2015); Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Buchman, J.L., Seasonal occurrence and abundance of the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, in South Central Washington (2009) American Journal of Potato Research, 86, pp. 513-518; Ogden, S.C., Tomato potato psyllid and Liberibacter in New Zealand-Impacts and research programme overview (2011) Proceedings of the 11th Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, pp. 173-177. , Workneh F, Rashed A, Rush CM ed San Antonio, TX, USA; Understanding the role of alternative host plants in tomato potato psyllid and Liberibacter life cycle and ecology Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, , http://www.pbcrc.com.au/publications/pbcrc1257, PBCRC 2014. (accessed 15 May 2015); http://www.potatoesnz.Co.nz/users/Image/Downloads/PDFs/Psyllid_News_July_2010_lowres.pdf, Psyllid News July 2010 (accessed 30 April 2015); Iaw, S., Workman, P.J., Drayton, G.M., Burnip, G.M., First record of Bemisia tabaci biotype Q in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 208-212; Secor, G.A., Rivera-Varas, V.V., Emerging diseases of cultivated potato and their impact on Latin America (2004) Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa (Suplemento), 1, pp. 1-8; Maw, S., Daj, T., Distribution, host range and fight pattern of the lettuce aphid in New Zealand (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 27-32; Daj, T., Nielsen, M.-C., Distribution of western (glasshouse strain) and Intonsa fower thrips in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 208-212; Daj, T., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielsen, M.-C., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Thomas, K.L., Jones, D.C., Kumarasinghe, L.B., Richmond, J.E., Gsc, G., Bullians, M.S., Investigation into the entry pathway for tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 259-268; Vanneste, J.L., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa): A threat to the New Zealand and global kiwifruit industry (2012) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 40 (4), pp. 265-267; Vereijssen, J., Barnes, A.M., Berry, N.A., Drayton, G.M., Fletcher, J.D., Jme, J., Jorgensen, N., Walker, M.K., The rise and rise of Bactericera cockerelli in potato crops in Canterbury: Have lessons been learnt and how does the future look? (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 85-90; Wallis, R.L., (1955) Ecological Studies on the Potato Psyllid As A Pest of Potatoes, , USDA Technical Bulletin 1107. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA PY - 2015 SP - 76-84 ST - Responding to the establishment of new pests and diseases: What can be learnt from tomato potato psyllid and Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum in New Zealand? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Responding to the establishment of new pests and diseases: What can be learnt from tomato potato psyllid and Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum in New Zealand? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960443000&partnerID=40&md5=a3f6e370535540d34d8c6eff6dfa4a9f VL - 68 ID - 122 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Yellow bristle grass is a C4 summer-active annual weed prevalent in the upper North Island. Its production and nutritive value was assessed on-farm to validate the assumptions used in a published Farmax model on the impact of yellow bristle grass. The percentage ground cover of yellow bristle grass averaged 9% in a survey of 39 central Waikato dairy pastures assessed each February over 8 years. Yellow bristle grass dry matter content peaked in February. Herbage production of patches of yellow bristle grass was greater than patches of perennial ryegrass when assessed over one yellow bristle grass growing season. Nutritive value was lower for yellow bristle grass than perennial ryegrass over two consecutive growing seasons. Given the prevalence of yellow bristle grass in Waikato dairy pastures, its lower nutritive value and more vigorous growth than perennial ryegrass, it is likely to have a negative impact on the performance of sown pasture species. Findings support the assumptions used in the Farmax model. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Cameron, C. A. AU - Greenfield, R. M. AU - Glassey, C. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Campbell, B.D., Mitchell, N.D., Tro, F., Climate profiles of temperate C3 and subtropical C4 species in New Zealand pastures (1999) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 42, pp. 223-233; Corson, D.G., Waghorn, G.C., Ulyatt, M.J., Lee, J., NIRS: Forage analysis and livestock feeding (1999) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 61, pp. 127-132; Inam-Ur-Rahim Sultan, J.I., Yaqoob, M., Nawaz, H., Javed, I., Hameed, M., Mineral profile, palatability and digestibility of marginal land grasses of trans-Himalayan grasslands of Pakistan (2008) Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40, pp. 237-248; James, T.K., Tozer, K.N., Rahman, A., Yellow bristle grass: A recent weed incursion in Waikato dairy pastures (2009) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 39-42; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Dowsett, C.A., Trolove, M.R., Fenoxaprop for control of yellow bristle grass in pasture and its efficacy on other C4 grasses (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 118-123; Patterson, H.D., Thompson, R., Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal (1971) Biometrika, 58, pp. 545-554; Tothill, J.C., Jng, H., Jones, R.M., McDonald, C.K., BOTANAL: A comprehensive sampling procedure for estimating pasture yield and composition. I. Field sampling (1992) Tropical Agronomy Technical Memorandum, p. 24p. , CSIRO, Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; Tozer, K.N., James, T.K., Modelling the economic impact of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) on a Waikato dairy farm (2014) Proceedings of the Fifth Australasian Dairy Science Symposium, pp. 255-258. , Hamilton, New Zealand; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., James, T.K., Changes in yellow bristle grass {Setaria pumila) incidence in Waikato dairy pastures over 4 years (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 54-58; Tozer, K.N., Miller, F.M., Cameron, C.A., Yellow bristle grass presence in two key New Zealand dairy regions: Trends in pasture infestations and roadside spread (2014) Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Weeds Conference, Hobart, Tasmania., pp. 243-247; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., Matthews, L., Grazing defoliation and nutritive value of Setaria pumila and Digitaria sanguinalis in Lolium perenne-based swards (2015) Crop and Pasture Science, 66, pp. 184-191 PY - 2015 SP - 98-104 ST - Nutritive value and production of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in Waikato dairy pastures: Validating Farmax model assumptions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Nutritive value and production of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in Waikato dairy pastures: Validating Farmax model assumptions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960361711&partnerID=40&md5=63b881f942f51d0e8dcca8169940b534 VL - 68 ID - 114 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phytophthora colocasiae is a destructive fungal pathogen of taro (Colocasia esculenta), which causes taro leaf blight. This disease destroyed Samoa's taro export industry and led to local food shortages following introduction of the pathogen in 1993. In support of a Pacific regional taro resistance breeding programme, laboratory studies in New Zealand aimed to develop a leaf disc bioassay for identifying taro genotypes with disease tolerance. A medium has been developed that will retard senescence of the leaf discs for over 14 days. The rate of leaf disc infection and subsequent lesion development varied with incubation temperature, leaf age and taro cultivar. An understanding of these factors and the variation they cause has resulted in a laboratory leaf disc assay for testing resistance of different taro cultivars to taro leaf blight. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Fullerton, R. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (1993) Taro Blight in Western and American Samoa. South Pacific Commission, , http://www.spc.int/pps/PestAlerts/AgAlertNol0.pdf, Anonymous (accessed I Nov2014); Brooks, F.E., Detached-leaf bioassay for evaluating taro resistance to Phytophthora colocasiae (2008) Plant Disease, 92, pp. 126-131; Brunt, J., Hunter, D., Delp, C., A bibliography of taro leaf blight: AusAID/SPC taro genetic resources: Conservation and utilisation (2001) Secretariat of the Pacific Community Noumea, New Caledonia., p. 96p; Colin, J., Bragard, C., Maraite, H., A detached leaf inoculation method for pathogenicity testing of Xanthomonas campestris on cereals (1990) Mededelingen Van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 55, pp. 1125-1131; Fonoti, P., Tofinga, M.P., Hunter, D.G., Screening a cycle 1 breeding population of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.)) for resistance to taro leaf blight in Samoa (2008) Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3, pp. 888-891; Hine, R.B., Aragaki, M., Pathogenicity vitamin nutrition and cultural characteristics of isolates of Phytophthora parasitica from carnation and other hosts in Hawaii (1963) Phytopathology, 53, pp. 1194-1197; Iramu, E.T., Akanda, S., Wagih, M.E., Singh, D., Fullerton, R.A., Evaluation of methods for screening taro {Colocasia esculenta) genotypes for resistance to leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae (2004) Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 47, pp. 37-44; Kohler, F., Pellegrin, F., Jackson, G., Ehc, M., Diseases of cultivated crops in Pacific Island countries (1997) South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia., p. 187p; Miyasaka, S.C., Lamour, K., Shintaku, M., Shrestha, S., Uchida, J., Taro leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae (2013) Phytophthora: A Global Perspective. CABI Plant Protection Series, pp. 104-112. , Lamour K ed CAB International; Person, C., Samborski, D.J., Forsyth, F.R., Effect of benzimidazole on detached wheat leaves (1957) Nature, 180, pp. 1294-1295; Singh, D., Jackson, G., Hunter, D., Fullerton, R.A., Lebot, V., Taylor, M., Iosefa, T., Tyson, J.L., Taro leaf blight- A threat to food security (2012) Agriculture, 2012, pp. 182-203; Tyson, J.L., Fullerton, R.A., Mating types of Phytophthora colocasiae from the Pacific region, India and South-east Asia (2007) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2, pp. 111-112 PY - 2015 SP - 415-419 ST - A leaf disc assay for determining resistance of taro to Phytophthora colocasiae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A leaf disc assay for determining resistance of taro to Phytophthora colocasiae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960447024&partnerID=40&md5=87ea29b1f99df19d7e3ad7e368626127 VL - 68 ID - 101 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The influence of leaf age on infection of Actinidia species by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa) was investigated using two approaches: (a) inoculation of potted 'Hayward' and 'Hort16A' kiwifruit plants and (b) inoculation of whole leaves in a detached leaf assay. Whole plants and detached leaves were spray inoculated with Psa biovar 3 (haplotype NZ-V; Psa-V) and maintained in a saturated environment. Flecking was evident on some of the leaves 8 days after inoculation. Many of the flecks later became necrotic spots with halos similar to the Psa leaf infections that have been observed in the field. With both methods, a higher percentage of leaves that were 1-3 weeks of age at inoculation had flecking and spotting than did leaves of other ages. Leaves that were 7 weeks or older did not show any symptoms of infection by Psa. Overall, leaves of 'Hort16A' showed slightly more flecking and spotting than 'Hayward'. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Horner, I. J. AU - Curtis, C. L. AU - Blackmore, A. AU - Manning, M. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Ma, M., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Jones, I.B., Chase, A.R., Harbaugh, B.K., Raju, B.C., Effect of leaf wetness, fertilizer rate, leaf age, and light intensity before inoculation on bacterial leaf-spot of Chrysanthemum (1985) Plant Disease, 69, pp. 782-784; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., De, R., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Mohan, S.K., Schaad, N.W., An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae and P. S. Pv. Phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed (1987) Phytopathology, 77, pp. 1390-1395; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Ips, P., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Sanchez, L., Zapata, M., Rdp, R., Beaver, J.S., Distribution and pathogenicity of Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp in coffee in Puerto Rico (2003) Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 87, pp. 123-135; Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. 2. The most suitable times and environments for infection on new canes (1993) Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 59, pp. 460-468; Tyson, J.L., Rees-George, J., Curtis, C.L., Ma, M., Fullerton, R.A., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 25-28; Tyson, J.L., Curtis, C.L., Ma, M., Rees-George, J., Snelgar, W.P., Blattmann, P., Systemic movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae in kiwifruit vines in New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 41-47; Verniere, C.J., Gottwald, T.R., Pruvost, O., Disease development and symptom expression of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri in various citrus plant tissues (2003) Phytopathology, 93, pp. 832-843 PY - 2015 SP - 328-331 ST - Influence of leaf age on infection of Actinidia species by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of leaf age on infection of Actinidia species by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960361072&partnerID=40&md5=da901e13635f4b5f7b557736afbd8a01 VL - 68 ID - 126 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tomato potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), was first recorded in the North Island of New Zealand in 2006. Three years later, the insect was found in the Oamaru area (South Island). Over the years there has been a rise in TPP numbers trapped in potato crops in Canterbury (South Island). Recently, increased prevalence and severity of foliar and tuber symptoms related to plant infection with Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso), vectored by TPP, have been observed in trials and in commercial potato crops. Moreover, in the 2013-14 season the resulting zebra chip disease was observed for the first time in tubers at a processing plant in Canterbury. It is concluded that Canterbury has a landscape where hosts are available year-round and a climate that does not seem to hinder TPP development. The aim of this paper is to present a stocktake of TPP in Canterbury. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Vereijssen, J. AU - Barnes, A. M. AU - Berry, N. A. AU - Drayton, G. M. AU - Fletcher, J. D. AU - Jacobs, J. M. E. AU - Jorgensen, N. AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - Pitman, A. R. AU - Scott, I. A. W. AU - Smith, G. R. AU - Taylor, N. M. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Thompson, S. E. AU - Walker, M. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beard, S.S., Pitman, A.R., Kraberger, S., Iaw, S., SYBR Green real-time quantitative PCR for the specific detection and quantification of' Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' in field samples from New Zealand (2013) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 136, pp. 203-215; Berry, N., Thompson, S., Taylor, N., Wright, P., Shah, F., Walker, M., Beard, S., Pitman, A.R., The impact of Ca. Liberibacter infected seed tubers on potato production in New Zealand (2011) Proceedings of the 11th Annual SCRI Zebra Chip Reporting Session, pp. 178-182. , Workneh F, Rashed A, Rush CM ed San Antonio, Texas, USA; Butler, R.C., Taylor, N., Vereijssen, J., Predicting the first occurrence of tomato potato psyllid in tomato and potato crops (2013) A Confidential Report to Potatoes NewZealand Incorporated, Plant & Food Report No. 9350, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand., p. 27p; Crosby, T.K., Dugdale, J.S., Watt, J.C., Area codes for recording specimen localities in the New Zealand subregion (1998) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 25, pp. 175-183; Dohmen-Vereijssen, J., Taylor, N., Jorgensen, N., (2012) MS 4 Psyllid National Monitoring-Year 3 Activity and Final Report, p. 9p. , Report to Market Access Solutionz Limited, Plant & Food Report No. 7265, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Bactericera cockerelli (2013) EPPO Bulletin, 43, pp. 202-208. , EPPO; Gill, G., Tomato psyllid detected in New Zealand (2006) Biosecurity, pp. 10-11; Liefting, L.W., Perez-Egusquiza, Z.C., Grg, C., Jad, A., A new 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species in Solatium tuberosum in NewZealand (2008) Plant Disease, 92, p. 1474; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with "zebra chip, " a new potato disease in southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 656-663; Murphy, A.F., Cating, R.A., Goyer, A., Hamm, P.B., Rondon, S.I., First report of natural infection by 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' in bittersweet nightshade {Solarium dulcamara) in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Oregon (2014) Plant Disease, 98, p. 1425; Pitman, A.R., Drayton, G.M., Kraberger, S.J., Genet, R.A., Iaw, S., Tuber transmission of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and its association with zebra chip on potato in New Zealand (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129, pp. 389-398; Secor, G.A., Rivera, W., Emerging diseases of cultivated potato and their impact on Latin America (2004) Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa (Suplemento), 1, pp. 1-8; Schowalter, T.D., (2006) Insect Ecology: An Ecosystem Approach, p. 650p. , Academic Press; Taylor, N., Berry, N.A., (2011) Overwintering of Tomato Potato Psyllid in Hawke's Bay 2010. Report to Horticulture New Zealand, Plant, p. 5p. , Food Report No. 5394, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand; Daj, T., Workman, P.J., Nielsen, M.-C., Thomas, K.L., Anderson, D.P., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Tran, L.T., Worner, S.P., Hale, R.J., Daj, T., Estimating development rate and thermal requirements of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) reared on potato and tomato by using linear and nonlinear models (2012) Environmental Entomology, 41, pp. 1190-1198; Vereijssen, J., Iaw, S., Psyllid can overwinter on non-crop host plants (2013) NZ Grower, 68, pp. 14-15; Vereijssen, J., Gardner-Gee, R., Butler, R.C., Barnes, A.M., Puketapu, A.J., MacDonald, F.H., Walker, G.P., Thompson, S.E., The use of reduced spray programmes for management of tomato potato psyllid {Bactericera cockerelli) and Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum in potatoes (2014) Report to Potatoes New Zealand Incorporated, Plant & Food Report No. 10083, Plant & Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand., p. 58p; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Puketapu, A.J., Wright, P.J., Connolly, P.G., Jad, A., A field trial to assess action thresholds for management of Bactericera cockerelli in main crop processing potatoes at Pukekohe (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 349-355; Whipple, S.D., Bradshaw, J.D., Harveson, R.M., Cold tolerance in potato psyllids (2012) Proceedings of the 12th Annual SCRI Zebra Chip Reporting Session, pp. 191-193. , Workneh F, Rashed A, Rush CM ed San Antonio, Texas, USA PY - 2015 SP - 85-90 ST - The rise and rise of Bactericera cockerelli in potato crops in Canterbury T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The rise and rise of Bactericera cockerelli in potato crops in Canterbury UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960460417&partnerID=40&md5=a6a9686553d186e2e44ee5fb750e9f18 VL - 68 ID - 140 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Apple Futures was a 3-year initiative (2008-10) to implement a low pesticide residue production system for New Zealand apple growers targeting European Union (EU) supermarket food safety initiatives. Its objectives included reducing pesticide residues to ≤10% of the EU maximum residue limit and a maximum of three residues detected in any sample. By 2010, >65% of export crops were grown following the Apple Futures programme that maximised early season disease management, re-positioned all pesticide use to minimise residues and increased use of non-insecticidal methods. No insecticide residues were detected in 72% of crops while the remainder had very low residues. New Zealand's maritime climate restricted disease management outcomes; low residues of captan were found in most crops, only 9% had no fungicide residues. An economic analysis of Apple Futures found no impact on production costs, while it preserved $113M in market revenue from EU exports between 2008 and 2011. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Park, N. M. AU - Butcher, M. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Batchelor, T.A., Walker, J.T.S., Manktelow, D.W.L., Park, N.M., Johnson, S.R., New Zealand Integrated Fruit Production for pipfruit-charting a new course (1997) Proceedings of 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 14-19; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.L., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Larsen, N.J., Fisher, B.M., Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four New Zealand apple-growing regions (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 274-283; http://www.globalgap.org/uk_en, GLOBAL G.A.P (accessed 13 April 2015); Smarter, Faster, Better-Leading Niche Player A Development Strategy for the New Zealand Pipfruit Industry., p. 78. , http://www.coriolisresearch.com/pdfs/PNZ_STRATEGIC_REPORT.pdf, Innomarc Consulting Project Team 2006. (accessed 13 April 2015); Kaye-Blake, W., Zuccollo, J., The economic impact of the Apple Futures programme (2012) The New Zealand Association of Economists, p. 15. , Palmerston North, 27 June 2012; Lo, P.L., Jts, W., Horner, R.M., Hedderley, D.I., Development of multiple species mating disruption to control codling moth and leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 264-269; Dwl, M., Beresford, R.M., Hodson, A.J., Jts, W., Batchelor, T.A., Stiefel, H.E., Horner, I., Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of disease management in a pilot programme (1997) Proceedings of 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 252-257; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Biocontrol of pests in apples under Integrated Fruit Production (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 333-337; Jts, W., Hodson, A.J., Ch, W., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Tomkins, A.R., Burnip, G.M., Batchelor, T.A., Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management in a pilot programme (1997) Proceedings of 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 258-263; Slh, V., Thompson, S.M., Keenan, S., Bulman, S.R., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Beresford, R.M., Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to quinone outside inhibitor (Qol) fungicides in New Zealand apple orchards (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 284-292; Jts, W., Ch, W., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Burnip, G.M., Tomkins, A.R., Richardson, C.A., Hodson, A.J., Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management recommendations (1998) Proceedings of 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 166-172; Jts, W., Park, N.M., Clothier, B.E., Dwl, M., Van Den Dijssel, C.W., Barley, M.J., Hodson-Kersey, L.R., Progress in pesticide risk reduction in New Zealand horticulture (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 321-327; Warner, G., What's the real pesticide risk? (2012) Good Fruit Grower, pp. 20-21. , August 2012 PY - 2015 SP - 282-290 ST - Apple Futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production programme T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Apple Futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production programme UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960396765&partnerID=40&md5=2afeb0b4a451884d6b6a56fb27caea20 VL - 68 ID - 108 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The susceptibility of plants around apple orchards to Neonectria ditissima infections in the Tasman region was determined during summer 2013/14. Shelter belt and other neighbouring plants (in the absence of shelter trees) surrounding 20 apple orchards (approximately 51 km shelter length) were identified and compared with known European canker hosts. One-third of all neighbouring plants identified were either species known to be European canker hosts or shared a genus with a known host. Nine non-pomaceous plant species were selected for inoculation studies. Two rasp wounds were created (July 2014) and one was inoculated with N. ditissima conidia, the other with mycelium. Symptoms were recorded and the pathogen re-isolated. In February 2015, all symptomless inoculation sites were harvested to determine potential latent infections. Neonectria ditissima was reisolated from 38% of inoculations including from symptomless inoculation sites. The fungus could be re-isolated from all species inoculated. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walter, M. AU - Glaister, M. K. AU - Clarke, N. R. AU - Von Lutz, H. AU - Eld, Z. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Shaw, N. F. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Rwa, S., Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; Neonectria ditissima (Nectria canker (apple, pear)) Crop Protection Compendium, , http://www.cabi.org/cpc/datasheet/35964, CABI 2012. (accessed 15 July 2014); Castlebury, L.A., Rossmn, A.Y., Hyten, A.S., Phylogenic relationships of Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon on Vagus in North America (2006) Canadian Journal of Botany, 84 (9), pp. 1417-1433; http://www.cbs.knaw.nl, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre 2014. CBS strains collection (accessed 15 July 2014); Creemers, P., Nectria canker (2014) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests. 2nd Edition, pp. 49-51. , Sutton TB, Aldwinckle HS, Agnello AM, Walgenbach JF ed APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota, USA; (2014) Cybertruffle's Robigalia: Observations of Fungi and Their Associated Organisms, , http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/robigalia/eng, Cybertruffle (accessed 15 July 2014); Dingley, J.M., Records of plant diseases in New Zealand (1969) Bulletin/New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, pp. 1-298; Dubin, H.J., English, H., Factors affecting apple leaf scar infection by Nectria galligena conidia (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 1201-1203; Farr, D.F., Rossman, A.Y., (2014) Fungal Databases, , http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases, (accessed 15 July 2014); Flack, N., Swinburne, T., Host range of Nectria galligena Bres. and the pathogenicity of some Northern Ireland isolates (1977) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 68 (2), pp. 185-192; (2011) New Zealand Fungal & Plant Disease Collection (PDD), , http://nzfungi2.landcareresearch.co.nz, Landcare Research (accessed 15 July 2014); (2013) Systematics Collection Data: International Collection of Micro-organims from Plants (ICMP), , https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz, Landcare Research (accessed 15 July 2014); Lohman, M.L., Watson, A.J., Identity and host relations of Nectria species associated with diseases of hardwoods in the Eastern States (1943) Lloydia, 6 (2), pp. 77-108; Lortie, M., (1962) The Nectria Canker and Its Incitant, p. 118p. , PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; McCracken, R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Srh, L., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculums in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; (2014) Plant Pest Information Network (PPIN), , http://archive.mpi.govt.nz/default.aspx?tabid=2557, MPI (accessed 15 July 2014); (2014) Mycology Collections Data Portal, , http://mycoportal.org/portal/index.php, MycoPortal (accessed 15 July 2014); Pennycook, S.R., (1989) Plant Diseases Recorded in New Zealand. Volumes 1, 2 and 3. Plant Diseases Division, DSIR, Auckland, New Zealand; Richter, H., Diewichtigstenholzbewohnen den Nectrien aus der Gruppe der Krebserreger (1928) Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 1, pp. 24-75; Rossman, A.Y., Samuels, G.J., Rogerson, C.T., Lowen, R., Genera of the Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) (1999) Studies in Mycology, 42, pp. 1-248; Swinburne, T.R., European Canker of apples (Nectria galligena) (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54 (10), pp. 787-799; (2014) Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory Fungus-Host Database, , http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/fungushost/new_hostFamGen.cfm, (accessed 15 July 2014); Walter, M., Stevenson, O.D., Amponsah, N.T., Rwa, S., Arg, M., Sensitivity of Neonectria ditissima to carbendazim fungicide (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 133-138; Zeller, S.M., European canker of pomaceous fruit trees (1926) Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, 222, pp. 1-52 PY - 2015 SP - 227-240 ST - Are shelter belts potential inoculum sources for Neonectria ditissima apple tree infections? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Are shelter belts potential inoculum sources for Neonectria ditissima apple tree infections? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960345279&partnerID=40&md5=7a332517cdc9b2348fbe2d793501f785 VL - 68 ID - 93 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New Zealand pipfruit crops require postharvest fungicides for control of European canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima. Fungicide efficacy trials to protect leaf scars from N. ditissima infections were conducted during autumn 2013 and 2014. Disease control of artificially inoculated leaf scars was achieved by single applications of copper oxychloride and copper oxide, but not copper hydroxide, applied at 4.3, 1.1 and 0.6 kg elemental copper/ha respectively. Control of leaf scar infections by copper oxide (0.65 and 0.95 kg elemental copper/ha) was similar to control by captan. Leaf scars (0-10 days old) remained susceptible to infections up to 10 days after leaf fall; disease control was achieved by re-distribution of copper and captan fungicides onto new leaf scars. Disease control using copper oxide was consistent and similar to control using captan. The copper product, and concentration of elemental copper, are important for successful control of leaf scar infections by N. ditissima. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walter, M. AU - Stevenson, O. D. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Rainham, D. G. AU - Hornblow, C. G. AU - Kerer, U. AU - Dryden, G. H. AU - Latter, I. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agrios, G.N., (1997) Plant Pathology. Forth Edition, p. 208p. , Elsevier; Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Rwa, S., Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; (2013) Editorial: How Copper Products Work, , http://www.melpat.com.au/documents/Editorial_HowCopperProductsWork.pdf, Anonymous Melpat International PTY Ltd. Online (accessed 27 February 2015); (2010) Copper Products. Material Fact Sheets. Organic Resource Guide, , http://www.cefs.ncsu.edu/newsevents/events/2010/sosa2010/20101013tomato/product06-copperproducts.pdf, CEFS (The Centre for Environmental Farming Systems) (accessed 27 February 2015); Crowdy, S.H., Observations on apple canker. III. The anatomy of the stem canker (1949) Annals of Applied Biology, 39, pp. 483-495; Crowdy, S.H., Observations on apple canker. IV. The infection of leaf scars (1952) Annals of Applied Biology, 36, pp. 569-580; Dubin, H.I., English, H., Factors affecting leaf scar infection by Nectria galligena conidia (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 1201-1203; (2014) GenStat® Reference Manual (Release 17). Part: Procedures, p. 1351p. , VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, UK; (2014) The Guide to the GenStat® Command Language (Release 17), , VSN International, Hemel Hempsted, Hertfordshire, UK; Graf, H., Ein neues Kupferpraparat zur erfolgreichen Durchfuhrung der Winterspritzung gegen Obstbaumkrebs (1985) Mitteilungen des Obstbauversuchsringes des Alten Landes, 64, pp. 180-185; Krahmer, H., Wundreaktionen von Apfelbaumen und ihr Einfluss auf Infectionen mit Nectria galligena (1980) Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 87, pp. 97-112; Latorre, B.A., Rioja, M.E., Lillo, C., Munoz, M., The effect of temperature and wetness duration on infection and a warning system for European canker (Nectria galligena) of apple in Chile (2002) Crop Protection, 21, pp. 285-291; Lee, Y., Nelder, I.A., Pawitan, Y., (2006) Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis Via H-likelihood, p. 416p. , Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Srh, L., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; McCullagh, P., Nelder, I.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, p. 511p. , Chapman & Hall, London; Palm, G., Untersuchungen zur Bekampfung des Obstbaumkrebses (Nectria galligena, Bres.) (2009) Mitteilungen des Obstbauversuchsringes des Alten Landes, 64, pp. 180-185; Palm, G., Kruse, P., Steht die Kupferminimierung im Widerspruch zu einer wirksamen Bekampfung des Obstbaumkrebses? (2012) Mitteilungen des Obstbauversuchs-ringes des Alten Landes, 67, pp. 48-51; Ruberson, J.R., (1999) Handbook of Pest Management, p. 345. , Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, USA; Rwa, S., Fisher, B.M., Wood, P.N., Pathogenicity of field and laboratory grown inoculum of Neonectria galligena on potted apple trees (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 280. , (abstract only); Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Walter, M., Stevenson, O., Alspach, P.A., Rwa, S., Reglinski, T., (2013) Elicitors for Control of Neonectria Ditissima. 19th Australasian Plant Pathology Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, p. 149. , (abstract only); Rws, W., Biology and control of the apple canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. Galligena) from a Northwestern European perspective (2014) Erwerbstobstbau, 56, pp. 95-107; Rws, W., Control of apple canker fungus based on its biology (2014) European Fruit Magazine 2014-11, pp. 8-10; Xu, X.M., Butt, D.J., Ridout, M.S., The effects of inoculum dose, duration of wet period, temperature and wound age on infection by Nectria galligena of pruning wounds on apple (1998) European Lournal of Plant Pathology, 104, pp. 511-519; Zeller, S.M., European canker of pomaceous fruit trees (1926) Oregon Agricultural College Station Bulletin, 222, pp. 1-52 PY - 2015 SP - 241-249 ST - Control of Neonectria ditissima with copper based products in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of Neonectria ditissima with copper based products in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960394897&partnerID=40&md5=d1d7011a7ddd1b8aa30327edc8816278 VL - 68 ID - 106 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Classical biological control is proposed for Paropsis charybdis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae), a eucalypt pest established in New Zealand. The Australian solitary larval endoparasitoid Eadya paropsidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is under investigation. A potential non-target species list was compiled for host range testing. There are no endemic species of paropsines in the New Zealand fauna, only invasive pest beetles. The most closely related endemic beetles to the paropsines are Chrysomelinae in the genera Allocharis, Aphilon, Caccomolpus, Chalcolampra and Cyrtonogetus. Little is known about these species. New Zealand has also introduced 12 beneficial chrysomelid weed biological control agents, which include Chrysomelinae and their sister group the Galerucinae. One endemic beetle, six beneficial beetles and two pest beetles are listed as the highest priority species for host specificity testing. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Allen, G. R. AU - Reid, C. A. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bain, J., Kay, M.K., Paropsis charybdis Stal, eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 281-287. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed CAB International and DSIR, Oxon, UK; Bip, B., Ferguson, C.M., McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Parasitoid host specificity testing to predict field host range (1999) Host Specificity Testing in Australasia: Towards Improved Assays for Biological Control, pp. 70-83. , Withers TM, Barton Browne L, Stanley J ed Scientific Publishing, Department of Natural Resources, Brisbane; De Little, D.W., Paropsine chrysomelid attack on plantations of Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania (1989) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 19, pp. 223-227; Gourlay, A.H., Classical biological control of Californian thistle: The New Zealand story (2004) Weed Management: Balancing People, Planet, Profit. 14th Australian Weeds Conference, pp. 374-377; Hayes, L., (2007) The Biological Control of Weeds Book- A New Zealand Guide, , www.landcareresearch.co.nz/publications/books/biocontrol-of-weeds-book, (accessed 31 March 2015); Hoddle, M.S., Chapter 4. Analysis of fauna in the receiving area for the purpose of identifying native species that exotic natural enemies may potentially attack (2004) Assessing Host Ranges for Parasitoids and Predators Used for Classical Biological Control: A Guide to Best Practice, pp. 24-39. , Van Driesche RG, Reardon R ed USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia; Jolivet, P., Hawkeswood, T.J., (1995) Host-plants of Chrysomelidae of the World: An Essay about the Relationships between the Leaf-beetles and Their Food-plants, p. 281p. , Backhuys Publishers, The Netherlands; Jones, D.C., Withers, T.M., The seasonal abundance of the newly established parasitoid complex of the Eucalyptus tortoise beetle {Paropsis charybdis) (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 51-55; Jurado-Rivera, J.A., Vogler, A.P., Cam, R., Petitpierre, E., Gomez-Zurita, J., DNA barcoding insect-host plant associations (2009) Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, 276, pp. 639-648; Kean, J., Suckling, D., Sullivan, N., Tobin, P., Stringer, L., Lee, D., Smith, G., Herms, D., (2015) Global Eradication and Response Database, , http://b3.net.nz/gerda/index.php, (accessed 31 March 2015); Kuhlmann, U., Schaffner, U., Mason, P.G., Selection of non-target species for host specificity testing (2006) Environmental Impact of Invertebrates for Biological Control of Arthropods, pp. 15-37. , Bigler F, Babendreier D, Kuhlmann U ed CABI International, Wallingford, UK; Kuschel, G., Beetles in a suburban environment: A New Zealand case study: The identity and status of Coleoptera in the natural and modified habitats of Lynfield, Auckland (1974-1989) (1990) DSIR Plant Protection Report No. 3. DSIR, Auckland., p. 118p; Mansfield, S., Murray, T.J., Withers, T.M., Will the accidental introduction of Neopolycystus insectifurax improve biological control of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle, Paropsis charybdis, in New Zealand? (2011) Biological Control, 56, pp. 30-35; Murphy, B.D., (2006) Biological Control of Paropsis Charybdis Stal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Paropsine Threat to Eucalyptus in New Zealand, p. 150p. , PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Murphy, B.D., Kay, M.K., Paropsis charybdis defoliation of Eucalyptus stands in New Zealand's central North Island (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 334-338; Murray, T.J., Withers, T.M., Spread of Dicranosterna semipunctata (Col: Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand and potential for control by intentionally introduced and invasive parasitoids (2011) Biological Control, 59, pp. 234-238; Murray, T.J., Withers, T.M., Mansfield, S., Choice versus no-choice test interpretation and the role of biology and behavior in parasitoid host specificity tests (2010) Biological Control, 52, pp. 153-159; Nuttall, M.J., Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal, gum tree weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 267-269. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP ed CAB International and DSIR, Oxon, UK; Cam, R., Description of the constricta species-group of the genus Chalcolampra Blanchard (Coloeptera: Chrysomelidae: Chryosmelinae) (1993) Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 32, pp. 253-263; Cam, R., A taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2006) Zootaxal, 292, pp. 1-119; Cam, R., Chrysomeloidea Latreille, 1802 (2014) Handbook of Zoology, Vol IV (Arthropoda: Insecta), Part 38 Coleoptera, Beetles. Morphology and Systematics, pp. 11-16. , Leschen RAB, Beutel RG ed De Gruyter, Berlin; Cam, R., Chrysomelinae Latreille, 1802 (2014) Handbook of Zoology, Vol IV (Arthropoda: Insecta), Part 38 Coleoptera, Beetles. Morphology and Systematics, pp. 243-251. , Leschen RAB, Beutel RG ed De Gruyter, Berlin; Cam, R., Smith, K., A new genus and first record of Chrysomelinae in New Caledonia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2004) Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 49, pp. 705-711; Cam, R., Jurado-Rivera, J.A., Beatson, M., A new genus of Chrysomelinae from Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2009) Zootaxa, 2207, pp. 53-66; Rice, A.D., The parasitoid guild of larvae of Paropsisterna agricola Chapuis (Coleoptera: Chrysomlediae) in Tasmania, with notes on biology and a description of a new genus and species of tachinid fly (2005) Australian Journal of Entomology, 44, pp. 400-408; Rice, A.D., (2005) The Larval Parasitoid Guild of Chrysophtharta Agricola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Host-parasitoid Ecological and Developmental Interactions, p. 228p. , PhD thesis, University of Tasmania, Hobart; Rice, A.D., Allen, G.R., Temperature and developmental interactions in a multitrophic parasitoid guild (2009) Australian Journal of Entomology, 48, pp. 282-286; Spiller, D.M., Wise KAJ, A., (1860-1960) of New Zealand Insects and Their Host Plants: DSIR Bulletin 231, p. 231p. , DSIR Science Information Division, Wellington; Stewart, C.A., Chapman, R.B., Emberson, R.M., Syrett, P., Cma, F., The effect of temperature on the development and survival of Agasides hygrophila Selman & Vogt (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for alligator weed {Alternanthera philoxeroides) (1999) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 26, pp. 11-20; Withers, T.M., Allen, G.R., Patel, V.S., Satchell, D., Manley, G., Investigating the potential of Eadyaparopsidis (Braconidae) from Tasmania as a biocontrol agent for Paropsis charybdis in New Zealand (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, p. 292; Withers, T.M., Watson, M.C., Watt, M.S., Nelson, T.L., Harper, L.A., Mrh, H., Laboratory bioassays of new synthetic and microbial insecticides to control Eucalyptus tortoise beetle Paropsis charybdis (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 138-147 PY - 2015 SP - 179-186 ST - Selecting potential non-target species for host range testing of Eadya paropsidis T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Selecting potential non-target species for host range testing of Eadya paropsidis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960332180&partnerID=40&md5=e24257c39c3f94f5fa30d5d8cfe02c92 VL - 68 ID - 85 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Powdery mildew (PM) is a very serious disease affecting glasshouse-grown roses and tomatoes in the Netherlands. Control is limited because of resistance to existing fungicides. Anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and soybean oil (SBO) emulsions were evaluated for control of PM in roses and tomatoes. Both AMF (14 g/litre) and SBO (14 g/litre) provided powdery mildew control on rose leaves and blooms that was significantly better (P<0.001) than that achieved using formulated dodemorph acetate (2.5 ml/litre), a systemic fungicide commonly used by Dutch rose growers. Powdery mildew control with SBO was as good as that provided by dodemorph acetate on tomato fruit and flowers, while AMF was slightly less effective. Combination of SBO (3.5 g/litre) and AMF (3.5 g/litre) mostly provided PM control rivalling that of SBO (14 g/litre). Spraying roses with whole milk (20% v/v) left white residues. No evidence of phytotoxicity with the use of natural product emulsions was found on floral and fruit tissues. © 2015 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Wurms, K. V. AU - Hofland-Zijlstra, J. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ah Chee, A., Wurms, K.V., George, M., Control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var, rosae) on rose (Rosa L. Sp.) using anhydrous milk fat and soybean emulsions (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 195-200; Beresford, R.M., (2005) Qo Inhibitor (Qol) Management Strategy, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=fungicides/qoinhibitor, (accessed 31 March 2015); Bogran, C.E., Ludwig, S., Metz, B., (2015) Using Oils As Pesticides, , https://insects.tamu.edu/extension/publications/epubs/e-419.cfm, (accessed 8 April 2015); Gao, L.Q., Berrie, A., Yang, J.R., Xu, X.M., Within-and between-orchard variability in the sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis to myclobutanil, a DMI fungicide, in the UK (2009) Pest Management Science, 65 (11), pp. 1241-1249; Glawe, D.A., The powdery mildews: A review of the worlds most familiar (yet poorly known) plant pathogens (2008) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 46, pp. 27-51; Iannotti, M., (2015) How to Use Milk to Control Powdery Mildew, , http://gardening.about.Com/od/naturalorganiccontrol/f/How-To-Use-Milk-To-Control-Powdery-Mildew-On-Plants.htm, (accessed 8 April 2015); Kabara, J., Fatty acids and derivatives as antimicrobial agents- A review (1978) American Oil Chemists' Society Monograph, 5, pp. 1-14; Kabara, J., Antimicrobial agents derived from fatty acids (1984) Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 61, pp. 397-403; Ko, W.H., Wang, S.Y., Hsieh, T.F., Ann, P.J., Effects of sunflower oil on tomato powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici (2003) Journal of Phytopathology, 151 (3), pp. 144-148; McGrath, M.T., Fungicide resistance in cucurbit powdery mildew: Experiences and challenges (2001) Plant Disease, 85 (3), pp. 236-245; McGrath, M.T., Shiashkiff, Evaluation of biocompatible products for managing cucurbit powdery mildew (1999) Crop Protection, 18, pp. 471-478; Northover, J., Schneider, K.E., Activity of plant oils on diseases caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, Venturia inaequalis, and Albugo occidentalis (1993) Plant Disease, 77 (2), pp. 152-157; Pasini, C., Daquila, F., Curir, P., Gullino, M.L., Effectiveness of antifungal compounds against rose powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. Rosae) in glasshouses (1997) Crop Protection, 16 (3), pp. 251-256; Pleasant, B., (2012) Using Milk to Prevent Powdery Mildew, , http://www.growveg.com/growblogpost.aspx?id=242, (accessed 8 April 2015); Spencer, D.M., Standardized methods for the evaluation of fungicides to control cucumber powdery mildew (1977) Crop Protection Agents-their Biological Evaluation, pp. 455-464. , McFarlane NR ed Academic Press, London; Wurms, K.V., Ah Chee, A., (2006) Fungicidal Compositions, , Patent WO2006006878A1 (also published as NZ534007 and NZ555132, AU2005263039 and AU2011201263, Chile 48.015 and US8349769); Wurms, K.V., Ah Chee, A., Control of powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) on apple seedlings using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 201-208; Wurms, K., Ah Chee, A., Elmer, P., Agnew, R., Wood, P., Developing new biologically-based products for control of botrytis bunch rot. Part 1: Developing a new natural product for mid-season botrytis control-NP2 moves closer to the market (2011) Wine and Viticulture Journal, 26 (5), pp. 64-72; Zatarim, M., All, C., Furtado, E.L., Efeito de tipos de leite sobre oidio em abobora plantadas a campo. (English title: Effect of types of cow milk on the powdery mildew control of pumpkin under field conditions.) (2005) Horticultura Brasileira, 23 (2), pp. 198-201 PY - 2015 SP - 380-388 ST - Control of powdery mildew on glasshouse-grown roses and tomatoes in the Netherlands using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Control of powdery mildew on glasshouse-grown roses and tomatoes in the Netherlands using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960414668&partnerID=40&md5=4e5227318c8719def8ab8e9615420c58 VL - 68 ID - 110 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The European canker pathogen, Neonectria ditissima, can be transmitted by apple scion wood into newly developing trees following grafting or budding resulting in disease development and progression. An in vitro hot water treatment showed that both conidia and mycelium of N. ditissima can be killed when placed into water at 50°C for ≥ 5 min. However, diseased scion wood required ≥ 15 min disinfection at the same temperature to eliminate all internal pathogens including N. ditissima. At this temperature and time duration, no mycelium growth was observed after 2 weeks incubation of cut pieces of the disinfected tissues on apple sap amended water agar. Although the treatment was 100% effective at eliminating some identified and non-specific pathogens, visual assessment of both the scion and rootstock viability and vigour six months after the hot water treatment showed that 98% of the rootstocks and scions failed to grow and develop. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Fisher, B. M. AU - Walter, M. AU - Frijters, L. AU - Hedderley, D. I. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Scheper, R.W.A., Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; Bazzi, C., Stefani, E., Gozzi, R., Burr, T.J., Moore, C.L., Anaclerio, F., Hot-water treatment of dormant grape cuttings: Its effects on Agrobacterium tumefaciens and on grafting and growth of vine (1991) Vitis, 30, pp. 177-187; Burr, T.J., Ophel, K., Katz, B.H., Kerr, A., Effect of hot water treatment on systemic Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 3 in dormant grape cuttings (1989) Plant Disease, 73, pp. 242-245; EFSA PLH Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Health), Scientific opinion on hot water treatment of Vitis sp. for Xylella fastidiosa (2015) EFSA Journal, 13 (9), pp. 4225-4235; Fatmi, M., Schaad, N.W., Bolkan, H.A., Seed treatments tor eradicating Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis from naturally infected tomato seeds (1991) Plant Disease, 75, pp. 383-385; Gramaje, D., Mañas, F., Lerma, M.L., Muñoz, R.M., García-Jiménez, J., Armengol, J., Effect of hot-water treatment on grapevine viability, yield components and composition of must (2014) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 20 (1), pp. 144-148; Honervogt, B., Lehmann-Danzinger, H., Comparison of thermal and chemical treatment of cotton seed to control bacterial blight (Xanihomonas campestris p v. malvacearum) (1992) Journal of Phytopathology, 134, pp. 103-109; Keck, M., Chartier, R., Zislavsky, W., Lecomte, P., Paulin, P., Heat treatment of plant propagation material for the control of fire blight (1995) Plant Pathology, 44, pp. 124-129; Mackay, J.M., Shipton, P.J., Heat treatment of seed tubers for control of potato blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp. Atroseptica) and other diseases (1983) Plant Pathology, 32, pp. 385-393; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Langrell, S.R.H., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; Robinson, K., Foster, G., Control of potato blackleg by tuber pasteurisation: The determination of time-temperature combinations for the inactivation of pectolytic Erwinia (1987) Potato Research, 30, pp. 121-125; Scheper, R.W.A., Pauli, E., Neonectria ditissima, development of perithecia in culture. Acta Phytopathologic Sininca (2013) 10th International Congress of Plant Pathology: ICPP 2013, 43, p. 481. , 25-30 August 2013, Bejing, China P35.003; Scheper, R.W.A., Fisher, B.M., Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Effect of culture medium, light and air circulation on sporulation of Neonectria ditissima (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 123-132; Waite, H., Morton, L., Hot water treatment, trunk diseases and other critical factors in the production of high-quality grapevine planting material (2007) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 46, pp. 5-17; Waite, H., May, P., The effects of hot water treatment, hydration and order of nursery operations on cuttings of Vitis vinifera cultivars (2005) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 44, pp. 144-152 PY - 2016 SP - 221-229 ST - Hot water disinfection treatment to eliminate Neonectria ditissima latent infections in apple scion wood T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Hot water disinfection treatment to eliminate Neonectria ditissima latent infections in apple scion wood UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980315305&partnerID=40&md5=8a52240d4fe9c6ad60646e5bad4d1bab VL - 69 ID - 57 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Isolates of Erysiphe necator from Hawke's Bay and Marlborough vineyards were tested for sensitivity to three demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides (myclobutanil, penconazole and cyproconazole) and one quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide (trifloxystrobin). Mean colony diameter was determined in a detached grape leaf assay for approximately 20 isolates per vineyard at 1 and 10 mg/litre of each fungicide. Resistance to trifloxystrobin was prevalent in Hawke's Bay and Marlborough. Mycobutanil resistance was found in both regions, but particularly in Marlborough. There was some loss of sensitivity to penconazole, particularly in Marlborough. Cyproconazole showed greater efficacy against E. necator than the other two DMIs tested. There was no explanation for the high trifloxystrobin resistance in sampled vineyards with few reports of trifloxystrobin use. For DMIs, there was a strong relationship between number of DMI fungicide applications over 10 years and DMI resistance across all three DMI active ingredients in both regions. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Agnew, R. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baudoin, A., Olaya, G., Delmotte, F., Colcol, J.F., Sierotzki, H., QoI resistance of Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator in the Mid-Atlantic United States (2008) Plant Health Progress; Beresford, R.M., Follas, G.B., Hagerty, G.C., Manson, P., Manktelow, D.W.L., Lupton, T., (2015) Fungicide Resistance Management Strategy for Grapevine Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe Necator) in New Zealand, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=crops/grapes_powderymildew, New Zealand Plant Protection Society, issued 10 August 2015, Downloaded 23 March 2016; Brent, K.J., (1995) Fungicide Resistance in Crop Pathogens: How Can It Be Managed? FRAC Monograph No. 1, 48p. , GIFAP, Brussels, Belgium; Delye, C., Laigret, F., Corio-Costet, M.-F., A mutation in the 14a-demethylase gene of Uncinula necator that correlates with resistance to a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (1997) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63, pp. 2070-2966; Dufour, M.-C., Fontaine, S., Montarry, J., Corio-Costet, M.-F., Assessment of fungicide resistance and pathogen diversity in Erysiphe necator using quantitative real-time PCR assays (2011) Pest Management Science, 67 (1), pp. 60-69; Gubler, W., Ypema, H., Ouimette, D., Bettiga, L., Occurrence of resistance in Uncinula necator to triadimefon, myclobutanil, and fenarimol in California grapevines (1996) Plant Disease, 80, pp. 902-909; Halleen, F., Holz, G., Pringle, K.L., Resistance in Uncinula necator to triazole fungicides in South African Grapevines (2000) South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 21, pp. 71-80; Miles, L.A., Miles, T.D., Kirk, W.W., Schilder, A.M.C., Strobilurin (QoI) resistance in populations of Erysiphe necator on grapes in Michigan (2012) Plant Disease, 96, pp. 1621-1628; Savocchia, S., Stummer, B.E., Wicks, T.J., Van Heeswijck, R., Scott, E., Reduced sensitivity to sterole dementhylation inhibiting fungicide in southern Australian vineyards (2004) Australasian Plant Pathology, 33, pp. 465-473; Shabi, E., Gaunt, R.E., Measurement of sensitivity to DMI fungicides in populations of Uncinula necator (1992) New Zealand Plant Protection, 45, pp. 126-128 PY - 2016 SP - 1-10 ST - Sensitivity of grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) to demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor fungicides in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Sensitivity of grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) to demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor fungicides in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980416394&partnerID=40&md5=a3d0a1e452e127193fcde094596cf055 VL - 69 ID - 43 ER - TY - JOUR AB - European canker (Neonectria ditissima) kills trees and decreases production in apple orchards. To determine a level of disease control or the extent of its spread in commercial orchards, efficient monitoring methods are required. In this study, we investigated two monitoring methods, sampling a single row and systematic sampling of an orchard block. The spatial pattern of disease within blocks, and whether this changes over time, was also investigated. The accuracy of single-row monitoring depended on the level of canker in the orchard and the patchiness of the distribution of infected trees. However, single-row monitoring tracked changes over time in incidence, severity and type of canker sufficiently well and was efficient. The spatial patterns of disease incidence across the blocks were non-random, but showed hotspots which did not change significantly over time. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Campbell, R. E. AU - Roy, S. AU - Curnow, T. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Beresford, R.M., Scheper, R.W.A., Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand Apple trees (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 250-256; Baddeley, A., Rubak, E., Turner, R., (2015) Spatial Point Patterns: Methodology and Applications with R, , Chapman and Hall, CRC Press; Beresford, R.M., Kim, K.S., Identification of regional climatic conditions favorable for development of European canker of apple (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 135-146; Creemers, P., Nectria canker (2014) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests, pp. 49-51. , Sutton TB, Aldwinnkle HS, Agnello AM, Walgenback JF ed, 2nd edition. APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota, USA; Johnson, D.L., Doust, J.L., Eaton, G.W., The effect of European canker and its spatial pattern on four apple cultivars in British Columbia (1982) Journal of Applied Ecology, 19 (2), pp. 603-609; Latorre, B.A., Rioja, M.E., Lillo, C., Munoz, M., The effect of temperature and wetness duration on infection and a warning system for European canker (Nectria galligena) of apple in Chile (2002) Crop Protection, 21, pp. 285-291; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phleps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Langrell, S.R.H., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52 (5), pp. 553-566; Nutter, F.W., Jr., Disease assessment terms and concepts (1991) Plant Disease, 75 (11), pp. 1187-1188; Quinn, G.P., Keough, M.J., (2002) Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists, , Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK; (2014), https://www.R-project.org, R3.2.2 version 3.2.3, R: a language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (nectria galligena) (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54 (10), pp. 787-799; Weber RWS, (2014) Biology and Control of the Apple Canker Fungus Neonectria Ditissima (syn. N. Galligena) from the Northwestern European Perspective, , Erwerbs-Obstbau; Xu, X., Butt, D.J., Ridout, S., The effects of inoculum dose, duration of wet period, temperature and wound age on infection by Nectria galligena of pruning wounds on apple (1998) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104 (5), pp. 511-519; Zeller, S.M., (1926) European Canker of Pomaceous Fruit Trees, , Oregon Agricultural College Experimentation Station, station bulletin 222 PY - 2016 SP - 213-220 ST - Monitoring methods and spatial patterns of European canker disease in commercial orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Monitoring methods and spatial patterns of European canker disease in commercial orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980396151&partnerID=40&md5=408e2cf9fcbcb93df1e581c419150e5e VL - 69 ID - 47 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Producers and processors of cereal grains in New Zealand were invited in August 2015 to submit grain samples to allow extraction and identification of any insect pest species present. Sixty grain samples were received, of which 73% were infested with one or more insect species. These were predominantly Coleoptera and Psocoptera. The most frequently encountered beetle species were Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Cortinicara hirtalis. The Psocoptera were predominantly unidentified species of Liposcelis. Sitophilus species and lepidopteran pests were notable by their absence. The proportion of storage facilities infested by insects in this survey (73%) was higher than two previous surveys (38%, 50-63%), and the proportion of storage facilities treated with insecticides (62%) was lower than a previous survey (83%). © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Chapman, R. B. AU - Marris, J. W. M. AU - Drummond, J. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Archibald, R.D., Chalmers, I., Stored product Coleoptera in New Zealand (1983) New Zealand Entomologist, 7, pp. 371-397; Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database, http://www.pesticideresistance.org, accessed 1 February 2016; Boyer, S., Zhang, H., Lempérière, G., A review of control methods and resistance mechanisms in stored-product insects (2012) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 102, pp. 213-229; Cox, P.D., A survey of stored product Lepidoptera in New Zealand (1986) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 14, pp. 71-76; Ferguson, A.J., (1979) The Control of Stored Product Pests in the South Island of New Zealand: A Two-part Study, , Master of Agricultural Science thesis. University of Canterbury Lincoln College, Christchurch, New Zealand; French, R.A., A survey of farm-stored bulk wheat in Canterbury (1971) Proceedings of the 24th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 179-182; Hill, M., (1999) The Drying and Storage of Grain and Herbage Seeds, 210p. , Foundation for Arable research, Christchurch, New Zealand; Rees, D., (2004) Insects of Stored Products, 485p. , CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia; Somerfield, K.G., (1981) Insects and Mites in Commercial Grain and Seed Stores - Identification, 4p. , AgLink FPP 369. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, New Zealand; Statistics New Zealand, http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/industry_sectors/agriculture-horticulture-forestry/AgriculturalProduction_HOTPJun15prov.aspx, accessed 15 March 2016UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980350501&partnerID=40&md5=ceaa62af4dc493e5d76d9500353ce064 PY - 2016 SP - 285-289 ST - Survey of insect pests of stored grain in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Survey of insect pests of stored grain in New Zealand VL - 69 ID - 74 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The golden-haired bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an insect of quarantine concern associated with Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Exported logs are fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) before departure or on arrival. Research is under way to find alternatives to MB for logs and to manage emissions. This research requires large numbers of all stages of H. ligniperda to identify effective treatments. The study reports the first laboratory method for rearing large numbers of all life stages of H. ligniperda. A novel oviposition device enabled efficient egg collection. Larvae were reared from eggs inoculated directly into artificial diet. Life cycle data were obtained for all the developmental stages of H. ligniperda. Six continuous generations were produced, with each generation taking a minimum of 72 days. Females laid an average of 309±19 eggs each. Almost 70% of the eggs formed adults via four larval instars and a pupal stage. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Clare, G. K. AU - George, E. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Armstrong, J.W., Schneider, E.L., Garcia, D.G., Nakamura, A.N., Linse, E.S., An improved holding technique for infested commodities used for Mediterranean fruit fly quarantine treatment research (1984) Journal of Economic Entomology, 77, pp. 553-555; Bain, J., (1977) Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand, , No. 18. Golden-haired bark beetle. Scion; Barrington, A.M., Logan, D.P., Connolly, P.G., A method for rearing Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae on a modified artificial diet (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 353-359; Beanlands, G.E., A laboratory-rearing method for observing adult bark beetles and their developing broods (1966) Canadian Entomologist, 98, pp. 412-414; Bedard, W.D., A ground phloem medium for rearing immature bark beetles (Scolytidae) (1966) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 59, pp. 931-938; Buchanan, W.D., Experiments with an ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Bldfrd) (1941) Journal of Economic Entomology, 34, pp. 367-369; Clark, W., An artificial diet for the southern pine beetle and other bark beetles (1965) U. S Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 3p; ERMA, (2010) Environmental Risk Management Authority Decision. Application for the Reassessment of a Hazardous Substance Under Section 63 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, 105p. , Name of substances: Methyl bromide and formulated substances containing methyl bromide. Application Number: HRC08002. 28 October 2010; Galford, J.R., A technique for rearing larvae of the smaller European elm bark beetle on an artificial medium (1967) Journal of Economic Entomology, 60, p. 1192; Jaramillo, J., Chabi-Olaye, A., Poehling, H.-M., Kamonjo, C., Borgemeister, C., Development of an improved laboratory production technique for the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei, using fresh coffee berries (2009) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 130, pp. 275-281; Kaneko, T., Biology of some scolytid ambrosia beetles attacking tea plants. I. Growth and development of two species of scolytid beetles reared on sterilized tea plants (1965) Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 9, pp. 211-216; Kaneko, T., Biology of some scolytid ambrosia beetles attacking tea plants. IV. Parthenogesis of Xyleborus germanus BLAN in relation to the Germanus ambrosia fungus (1965) Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 9, pp. 303-304; Mausel, D.L., (2002) Harvesting, Transporting, and Storing of Pinus Radiata Logs in Chile to Minimize the Movement of Hylurgus Ligniperda and Hylastes Ater (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Ports of Embarkation, , MSc thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Molleman, F., Javois, J., Esperk, T., Teder, T., Davis, R.B., Tammaru, T., Sexual differences in weight loss upon eclosion are related to life history strategy in Lepidoptera (2011) Journal of Insect Physiology, 57, pp. 712-722; Najar-Rodriguez, A.J., Hall, M.K.D., Adlam, A.R., Hall, A.J., Burgess, S.B., Somerfield, K.G., Page, B.B.C., Brash, D.W., Developing new fumigation schedules for the phytosanitary treatment of New Zealand export logs: Comparative toxicity of two fumigants to the burnt pine longhorn beetle, Arhopalus ferus (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 19-25; Reay, S.D., Walsh, P.J., Observations of the flight activity of Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Pinus radiata forests in the central North Island, New Zealand (2001) New Zealand Entomologist, 24, pp. 79-85; Robertson, J.L., Preisler, H.K., Frampton, E.R., Armstrong, J.W., Statistical analyses to estimate efficacy of disinfestation treatments (1994) Quarantine Treatments for Pests of Food Plants, pp. 47-65. , Sharp JL, Hallman GJ eds, Westview Press, Boulder, CO; Romo, C.M., Bader, M.K.-F., Pawson, S.M., Comparative growth and survival of Hylurgus ligniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) reared on artificial or natural diet at 15 or 25°C (2016) Journal of Economic Entomology, 109, pp. 232-239; Salom, S.M., Stephen, F.M., Thompson, L.C., Development of Hylobius pales (Herbst) immatures in two types of phloem media (1986) Journal of Entomological Science, 21, pp. 43-51; Singh, P., Ashby, M.D., Hunter, J.R., A semiautomatic volumetric filling machine for dispensing insect diets (1983) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 10, pp. 413-417; Somerfield, K.G., Bycroft, B.L., Brash, D.W., Clark, J.N., Hedderley, D.I., Armstrong, J.W., Efficacy of methyl bromide used at reduced rates to control larvae and adults of goldenhaired bark beetle, Hylurgus ligniperda (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 82-88; Stewart, D.A., Booth, G.M., Petty, J.L., Emergence data and artificial rearing media for an aspen bark beetle, Trypophloeus populi (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1979) The Great Basin Naturalist, 39, pp. 129-132; Taylor, A.D., Hayes, J.L., Moser, J.C., A phloem sandwich allowing attack and colonization by bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and associates (1992) Journal of Entomological Science, 27, pp. 311-316; UNEP, (2010) Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, 396p. , Report of the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee, 2010 Assessment. United Nations Environmental Program. UNEP Ozone Secretariat, Nairobi, Kenya; Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Somerfield, K.G., Hedderley, D., Rearing and storing Arhopalus ferus life stages in the laboratory for experimental purposes (2012) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 42, pp. 15-23; Weber, B.C., McPherson, J.E., The ambrosia fungus of Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1983) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76, pp. 455-462; Wermelinger, B.T., Seifert, M.C., Temperaturedependent reproduction of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, and analysis of the potential population growth (1999) Ecological Entomology, 24, pp. 103-110; Yearian, W.C., Wilkinson, R.C., Two larval rearing media for Ips bark beetles (1965) Florida Entomologist, 48, pp. 25-27 PY - 2016 SP - 143-152 ST - Life cycle and mass-rearing of Hylurgus ligniperda using a novel egg-collection method T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Life cycle and mass-rearing of Hylurgus ligniperda using a novel egg-collection method UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980319786&partnerID=40&md5=54a26ebaff0b4c515dca894463be8ba6 VL - 69 ID - 44 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The colonisation of plant roots by biological control agents is dependent on abiotic factors, one of the most important being soil pH. The rhizosphere and endophytic colonisation of ryegrass and sweet corn roots by the biological control agent Trichoderma atroviride LU132 were assessed in a pot experiment with non-sterile soil at three different pHs (5.5, 6.5 and 7.5). T. atroviride LU132 colonised the roots of both plants regardless of the soil pH with 1.13-1.47 × 106 CFU/g of dry rhizosphere soil (DRS) for ryegrass and 1.36-3.50×105 CFU/g DRS for sweet corn. T. atroviride LU132 was able to colonise both plants endophytically, regardless of soil pH. However, the isolate was recovered from entire ryegrass roots but only from the upper parts of sweet corn roots. These experiments demonstrated that T. atroviride LU132 colonised the rhizosphere and roots within a soil pH range common to most NZ soils, which is a desirable trait for biological control agents. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Cripps-Guazzone, N. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Condron, L. M. AU - McLean, K. L. AU - Stewart, A. AU - Ridgway, H. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Ahmad, J.S., Baker, R., Rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma harzianum (1987) Phytopathology, 77, pp. 182-189; Begoude, Ba.D., Lahlali, R., Friel, D., Tondje, P.R., Jijakli, M.H., Response surface methodology study of the combined effects of temperature, pH, and aw on the growth rate of Trichoderma asperellum (2007) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103, pp. 845-854; Cripps-Guazzone, N., (2014) Rhizosphere Competence of Selected Trichoderma Species, , Unpublished Ph. D thesis. Lincoln, New Zealand: Lincoln University, Ph. D; Daryaei, A., Jones, E.E., Glare, T.R., Falloon, R.E., PH and water activity in culture media affect biological control activity of Trichoderma atroviride against Rhizoctonia solani (2016) Biological Control, 92, pp. 24-30; Jeong, M.J., Jang, S.S., Park, C.S., Influence of soil pH and salinity on antagonistic activity and rhizosphere competence of biocontrol agents (1997) Korean Journal of Plant Pathology, 13, pp. 416-420; Kandula, D.R.W., Jones, E.E., Stewart, A., Mclean, K.L., Hampton, J.G., Trichoderma species for biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens of pasture species (2015) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 25, pp. 1052-1069; Kolli, S.C., Nagamani, A., Rahel Ratnakumari, Y., Growth response of Trichoderma isolates against varying pH levels (2012) International Journal of Environmental Biology, 2, pp. 180-182; Kredics, L., Antal, Z., Manczinger, L., Szekeres, A., Kevei, F., Nagy, E., Influence of environmental parameters on Trichoderma strains with biocontrol potential (2003) Food Technology and Biotechnology, 41, pp. 37-42; Kredics, L., Manczinger, L., Antal, Z., In vitro water activity and pH dependence of mycelial growth and extracellular enzyme activities of Trichoderma strains with biocontrol potential (2004) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 96, pp. 491-498; Lo, C.T., Nelson, E.B., Harman, G.E., Biological control of turfgrass diseases with a rhizosphere competent strain of Trichoderma harzianum (1996) Plant Disease, 80, pp. 736-741; McLean, K.L., Swaminathan, J., Frampton, C.M., Hunt, J.S., Ridgway, H.J., Stewart, A., Effect of formulation on the rhizosphere competence and biocontrol ability of Trichoderma atroviride C52 (2005) Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 212-218; Meena, D., Paul, Y.S., Influence of soil factors on population dynamics of bioagent - Trichoderma harzianum (2008) Indian Phytopathology, 61, pp. 87-89; Mondal, G., Srivastava, K.D., Aggarwal, R., Singh, D.V., Population dynamics of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma koningii under different ecological conditions (1996) Indian Journal of Microbiology, 36, pp. 165-166; Schubert, M., Mourad, S., Schwarze, F.W.M.R., Statistical approach to determine the effect of combined environmental parameters on conidial development of Trichoderma atroviride (T-15603.1) (2010) Journal of Basic Microbiology, 50, pp. 570-580; Stewart, A., Understanding variability in biocontrol systems (2010) Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Soilborn Diseases Symposium, pp. 22-23. , Queensland; Vinale, F., Krishnapillai, S., Ghisalberti, E.L., Marra, R., Woo, S.L., Lorito, M., Trichodermaplant-pathogen interactions (2008) Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 40, pp. 1-10 PY - 2016 SP - 78-85 ST - Rhizosphere and endophytic colonisation of ryegrass and sweet corn roots by the isolate Trichoderma atroviride LU132 at different soil pHs T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Rhizosphere and endophytic colonisation of ryegrass and sweet corn roots by the isolate Trichoderma atroviride LU132 at different soil pHs UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980325612&partnerID=40&md5=5c0603c0cc4e7b242651a7ae18a901bb VL - 69 ID - 75 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Postharvest foliar nitrogen (urea) is often applied to apple leaves immediately after picking for bud fertilising, and/or during leaf fall for Venturia inaequalis control. During 2013-2016, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid copper (EDTA-Cu, to enhance leaf abscission), urea, calcium nitrate and Bud-Wiser™ foliar treatments were applied alone or in combination to determine their effects on leaf scar infection by Neonectria ditissima in 'Braeburn' (2013-14), 'Scifresh' and 'Royal Gala' (2015-16) orchards. In 2013-14, leaf scar infection increased six-fold when 5% urea was added to EDTA-Cu and sprayed at the onset of leaf fall. In 2015-16, up to a nine-fold increase in leaf scar infections was observed. The timing of application was more important than the amount or form of nitrogen used. As a result of this research, the use of urea-based foliar nitrogen fertilisers for V. inaequalis before leaf fall are not recommended, and growers should consider all factors affecting Neonectria ditissima infections before applying nitrogen immediately after harvest. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Dryden, G. H. AU - Nelson, M. A. AU - Smith, J. T. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beresford, R.M., Kim, K.S., Identification of regional climatic conditions favorable for development of European canker of apple (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 135-146; Beresford, R.M., Horner, I.J., Wood, P.N., Autumn-applied urea and other compounds to suppress Venturia inaequalis ascospore production (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 382-392; Dong, S., Cheng, L., Scagel, C.F., Fuchigami, L.H., Nitrogen absorption, translocation and distribution from urea applied in autumn to leaves of young potted apple (2002) Tree Physiology, 22, pp. 1305-1310; Dong, S., Cheng, L., Fuchigami, L.H., Effects of urea and defoliant-CuEDTA in a single of a mixed application on N reserves and regrowth performance of young 'Fuji'/M26 apple trees (2002) Acta Horticulturae, 636, pp. 29-34; Fagard, M., Launay, A., Clément, G., Courtial, J., Dellagi, A., Farjad, M., Krapp, A., Masclaux-Daubresse, C., Nitrogen metabolism meets phytopathology (2014) Journal of Experimental Botany; Fisher, E.G., The principles underlying foliage applications of urea for nitrogen fertilization of 'McIntosh' apple (1952) Proceedings of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 59, pp. 91-98; Huber, D.M., Watson, R.D., Nitrogen form and plant disease (1974) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 12, pp. 139-165; Reay, P., 'Granny Smith' apple colour (green) as affected by urea (1988) Report to NZ Apple and Pear Marketing, , Board; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (Nectria galligena) (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Walter, M., Stevenson, O.D., Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., Rainham, D.G., Hornblow, C.G., Kerer, U., Butler, R.C., Control of Neonectria ditissima with copper based products in New Zealand (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 241-249; Walter, M., Roy, S., Campbell, R., Butler, R., Dryden, G., Smith, J., Gaskin, R., Rainham, D., Mitigating European canker (Neonectria ditissima) risk: A pathway to eradication (2016) A Plant & Food Research Report Prepared For: Pipfruit New Zealand Inc, p. 53. , Contract No. 30138. PFR Job code: P/341051/01. Client ref: SFF13-040. PFR SPTS No. 12705. February 2016; Weber, R.W.S., Biology and control of the apple canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. Galligena) from a Northwestern European perspective (2014) Erwerbs-obstbau; Wood, P.N., Beresford, R.M., Taylor, T.J., Suppression of Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) ascospore production using autumnapplied fungicides (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 54-58 PY - 2016 SP - 230-237 ST - Postharvest foliar nitrogen applications increase Neonectria ditissima leaf scar infection in apple trees T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Postharvest foliar nitrogen applications increase Neonectria ditissima leaf scar infection in apple trees UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980417488&partnerID=40&md5=8ef75a43428e1665fa90cfd829a1a32f VL - 69 ID - 63 ER - TY - JOUR AB - 'Royal Gala' apple fruit were inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum (the cause of apple bitter rot) conidia at monthly intervals throughout the season in three growing regions in New Zealand. The resultant lesion size was measured on harvested fruit after 9 weeks of coolstorage to generate a disease curve. Nutrient composition, Brix, and mean weight of uninoculated fruit were measured at monthly intervals. The canopy density of the trees at harvest was also determined. These results were compared with the area under the disease curve (AUDC lesion-size days). Starch pattern index and fruit weight at harvest were positively correlated with AUDC, suggesting that fruit towards the end of the season was more susceptible to infection by C. acutatum. Nitrogen was also positively correlated with AUDC. Canopy density, potassium and boron were negatively correlated, although the relationship with potassium needs confirmation. There was no relationship of apple bitter rot with calcium. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Timudo-Torrevilla, O. E. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amiri, M.E., Fallahi, E., Golchin, A., Influence of foliar and ground fertilization on yield, fruit quality, and soil, leaf, and fruit mineral nutrients in apple (2008) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, pp. 515-525; Austin, C.N., Grove, G.G., Meyers, J.M., Wilcox, W.F., Powdery mildew severity as a function of canopy density: Associated impacts on sunlight penetration and spray coverage (2011) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 62, pp. 23-31; Bateman, D., Basham, H.G., Degradation of plant cell walls and membranes by microbial enzymes (1976) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology New Series, 4, pp. 316-355; Benge, J.R., (1996) Orchard Practices to Enhance Pipfruit Storage Behaviour Through Calcium and Boron Nutrition. A Review of the Literature, p. 130. , Report to the NZ Apple & Pear Marketing Board. Massey University, Palmerston North; Brook, P.J., Glomerella cingulata and bitter rot of apple (1977) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, pp. 547-555; Carroll, J.E., Wilcox, W.F., Effects of humidity on the development of grapevine powdery mildew (2003) Phytopathology, 93, pp. 1137-1144; Casero, T., Benavides, A.L., Recasens, I., Interrelation between fruit mineral content and pre-harvest calcium treatments on 'golden smoothee' apple quality (2010) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, pp. 27-37; Conway, W.S., Sams, C.E., Kelman, A., Enhancing the natural-resistance of planttissues to postharvest diseases through calcium applications (1994) HortScience, 29, pp. 751-754; Cooley, D.R., Autio, W.R., Summer pruning of apple: Impacts on disease management (2011) Advances in Horticultural Science, 25, pp. 199-204; Du, L., Ali, G.S., Simons, K.A., Hou, J., Yang, T., Reddy, A.S.N., Poovaiah, B.W., Ca2+/calmodulin regulates salicylic-acid-mediated plant immunity (2009) Nature, 457, pp. U1116-U1154; Edney, K.L., Pezicula malicorticis: Factors affecting spore germination and invasion of apple fruit (1974) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 62, pp. 25-34; Edney, K.L., An investigation of persistent infection of stored apples by Gloeosporium spp (1976) Annals of Applied Biology, 82, pp. 355-360; Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Taylor, J.T., Yu, J., Fungicide timing for control of summer rots of apples (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 15-20; Everett, K.R., Boyd, L.M., Pak, H.A., Cutting, J.G.M., Calcium, fungicide sprays and canopy density influence postharvest rots of avocado (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36, pp. 22-31; Everett, K.R., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Manning, M.A., Orchard treatments other than spray application of fungicides that reduce postharvest rots of avocado (2008) New Zealand Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report, 8, pp. 93-98; Everett, K.R., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Taylor, J.T., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Spiers, T.M., Ah Chee, A., Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Evaluation of fungicides for control of bitter and sprinkler rots on apple fruit (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 264-274; Everett, K.R., Timudo-Torrevilla, O.E., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Scheper, R.W.A., Shaw, P.W., Spiers, T.M., Ah Chee, A., Manning, M.A., Criteria for infection of apples by Colletotrichum acutatum causing summer rots (2009) The Orchardist, pp. 24-27. , August; Fallahi, E., Rom, C.R., Fallahi, B., Mahdavi, S., Leaf and fruit mineral nutrient partitioning influenced by various irrigation systems in 'fuji' apple over four years (2015) Journal of the American Pomological Society, 69, pp. 137-147; Ferguson, I.B., Watkins, C.B., Bitter pit in apple fruit (1989) Horticultural Reviews, 11, pp. 289-355; Ferguson, I.B., Reid, M.S., Prasad, M., Calcium analysis and the prediction of bitter pit in apple fruit (1979) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 22, pp. 485-490; Gagnard, J., Apples (1987) Plant Analysis. As a Guide to the Nutrient Requirements of Temperate and Tropical Crops, pp. 207-229. , Martin-Prevel P, Gagnard J, Gautier P eds, Lavoisier Publishing Inc., New York; Gubler, W.D., Marois, J.J., Bledsoe, A.M., Bettiga, L.J., Control of Botrytis bunch rot of grape with canopy management (1987) Plant Disease, 71, pp. 599-601; Hartill, W.F.T., Postharvest diseases of avocado fruits in New Zealand (1991) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 19, pp. 297-304; Hunsche, M., Brackmann, A., Ernani, P.R., Effect of potassium fertilization on the postharvest quality of 'Fuji' apples (2003) Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 38, pp. 489-496; Johnston, P.R., Pennycook, S.R., Manning, M.A., Taxonomy of fruit-rotting fungal pathogens: What's really out there? (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 42-46; Khalifa, R.K.M., Omaima, M.H., Abd-El-Khair, H., Influence of foliar spraying with boron and calcium on productivity, fruit quality, nutritional status and controlling of blossom end rot disease of 'Anna' apple trees (2009) World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5, pp. 237-249; Lysiak, G., The influence of harvest maturity and basic macroelement content in fruit on the incidence of diseases and disorders after storage of the 'Ligol' apple cultivar (2013) Folia Horticulturae, 25, pp. 31-39; Madden, L.V., Hughes, G., Fvd, B., (2007) The Study of Plant Disease Epidemics, 421p. , The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota; Manning, M.A., Pak, H.A., Beresford, R.M., Non-fungicidal control of botrytis storage rot in New Zealand kiwifruit through pre- and postharvest crop management (2010) Plant Pathology in the 21st Century Volume 2. Post-harvest Pathology, pp. 183-196. , Prusky D, Gullino ML eds, Springer, Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York; Neilsen, G.H., Neilsen, D., Herbert, L.C., Hogue, E.J., Response of apple to fertigation of N and K under conditions susceptible to the development of K deficiency (2004) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 129, pp. 26-31; Sharples, R.O., The influence of preharvest conditions on the quality of stored fruits (1985) Acta Horticulturae, pp. 93-104; Smith, R.B., Lougheed, E.C., Franklin, E.W., McMillan, I., The starch iodine test for determining stage of maturation in apples (1979) Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 49, pp. 805-807; Sutton, T.B., Bitter rot (2014) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests, pp. 20-21. , Sutton TB, Aldwinckle HS, Agnello AM, Walgenbach JF eds, Second edition. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; Thomidis, T., Exadaktylou, E., Effect of boron on the development of brown rot (Monilinia laxa) on peaches (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 572-576; Vilanova, L., Vinas, I., Torres, R., Usall, J., Buron-Moles, G., Teixido, N., Increasing maturity reduces wound response and lignification processes against Penicillium expansum (pathogen) and Penicillium digitatum (non-host pathogen) infection in apples (2014) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 88, pp. 54-60; Vorstermans, B., Van Laer, S., Creemers, P., Pujos, P., Jijakli, H., Improving control of storage diseases on apple by combining biological and physical post-harvest methods (2007) Bulletin OILB/SROP, 30, pp. 423-426; Wills, R.B.H., Scott, K.J., Lyford, P.B., Smale, P.E., Prediction of bitter pit with calcium content of apple fruit (1976) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 19, pp. 513-519; Wojcik, P., Effect of boron fertilization on uptake and distribution of selected mineral nutrients in 'Els tar' apple trees (1999) Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 7, pp. 119-131; Wojcik, P., Borowik, M., Influence of preharvest sprays of a mixture of calcium formate, calcium acetate, calcium chloride and calcium nitrate on quality and 'jonagold' apple storability (2013) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36, pp. 2023-2034; Wojcik, P., Cieslinski, G., Mika, A., Apple yield and fruit quality as influenced by boron applications (1999) Journal of Plant Nutrition, 22, pp. 1365-1377 PY - 2016 SP - 99-110 ST - The influence of nutrition, maturity and canopy density on the incidence of apple bitter rot T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The influence of nutrition, maturity and canopy density on the incidence of apple bitter rot UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980332236&partnerID=40&md5=4dfd84130ec01cfb7998e956909ee7d3 VL - 69 ID - 78 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Longer term effects of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa) on 'Hayward' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa) production are unclear and there is uncertainty about what impact orchard activities could have on disease prevalence. The aim of the present study was to determine the validity of the data obtained from a crosssectional observational study using a quantitative postal questionnaire on disease and risk factor prevalence from commercial growers of 'Hayward'. The questionnaire was sent to 1669 growers and 442 responded (26%), a response rate similar to that of other agriculture surveys in New Zealand. Non-responses were analysed against a range of factors to assess response bias. There was a higher response rate from organic growers, and those affiliated with specific packhouses. There were no differences between responders and non-responders according to the period of time their orchard had been infected with Psa or to orchard productivity. We conclude that a postal questionnaire was an effective way to obtain quantitative disease, risk factor and hygiene data from commercial producers. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Froud, K. J. AU - Cogger, N. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Borkan, B., The mode effect in mixed-mode surveys mail and web surveys (2010) Social Science Computer Review, 28, pp. 371-380; Cogger, N., Froud, K., Application of survival analysis to plant protection research (2015) The Plant Protection Data Toolbox: On Beyond T, F and X New Zealand Plant Protection Society, pp. 101-107. , Beresford RM, Froud KJ, Kean JM, Worner SP ed, Christchurch, New Zealand; Dallot, S., Gottwald, T., Labonne, G., Quiot, J.B., Factors affecting the spread of Plum pox virus strain M in peach orchards subjected to roguing in France (2004) Phytopathology, 94, pp. 1390-1398; De Bernardo, D.H., Curtis, A., Using online and paper surveys: The effectiveness of mixed-mode methodology for populations over 50 (2013) Research on Aging, 35, pp. 220-240; Dohoo, I.R., Martin, W., Stryhn, H., (2009) Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, p. 865. , ed. Charlottetown, P. E. I., Canada., University of Prince Edward Island; Dohoo, I.R., Martin, W., Stryhn, H., Questionnaire design (2009) Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, pp. 57-72. , Dohoo IR, Martin W, Stryhn H ed, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, P. E. I., Canada; Edwards, P., Roberts, I., Clarke, M., DiGuiseppi, C., Pratap, S., Wentz, R., Kwan, I., Increasing response rates to postal questionnaires: Systematic review (2002) BMJ: British Medical Journal, 324, p. 1183; Everett, K.R., Boyd, L.M., Pak, H.A., Cutting, J.G.M., Calcium, fungicide sprays and canopy density influence postharvest rots of avocado (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36, pp. 22-31; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Ferrante, P., Scortichini, M., Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae as Causal Agent of Bacterial Canker of Yellow Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planchon) in Central Italy (2009) Journal of Phytopathology, 157, pp. 768-770; Ferrante, P., Fiorillo, E., Marcelletti, S., Marocchi, F., Mastroleo, M., Simeoni, S., Scortichini, M., The importance of the main colonization and penetration sites of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and prevailing weather conditions in the development of epidemics in yellow kiwifruit, recently observed in central Italy (2012) Journal of Plant Pathology, 94, pp. 455-461; Froud, K., Cogger, N., Use of observational study designs and multivariable analysis in plant protection (2015) The Plant Protection Data Toolbox: On Beyond T, F and X Caxton, pp. 113-120. , Beresford R, Froud K, Worner SP, Kean J ed, Christchurch; Froud, K., Cogger, N., Beresford, R., The relationship between kiwifruit bacterial canker disease (Psa-V (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)) and kiwifruit productivity (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 34-40; Froud, K., Cogger, N., Beresford, R., Clark, G., Orchardist-observed prevalence of symptoms of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease in 'Hayward' kiwifruit blocks in New Zealand (2015) Acta Horticultrae: Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit, 1095, pp. 45-48; Greer, G., Teulon, D., Farmer survey of yellow dwarf viruses in autumn-sown cereals in Canterbury (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, pp. 257-261; Groves, R.M., Nonresponse rates and nonresponse bias in household surveys (2006) Public Opinion Quarterly, 70, pp. 646-675; Groves, R.M., Peytcheva, E., The impact of nonresponse rates on nonresponse bias a meta-analysis (2008) Public Opinion Quarterly, 72, pp. 167-189; Kongsved, S.M., Basnov, M., Holm-Christensen, K., Hjollund, N.H., Response rate and completeness of questionnaires: A randomized study of Internet versus paperand-pencil versions (2007) Journal of Medical Internet Research, p. 9; Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., Rose, E.A., Pixels vs. paper: Comparing online and traditional survey methods in sport psychology (2006) Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, pp. 100-108; Mannetje, A., Eng, A., Douwes, J., Ellison-Loschmann, L., McLean, D., Pearce, N., Determinants of non-response in an occupational exposure and health survey in New Zealand (2011) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 35, pp. 256-263; Neumann, E.J., Pearson, A.B., Sanson, R.L., Nicoll, K.J., Clement, F.L., The frequency and distance of movements of pigs and semen between commercial and non-commercial piggeries in New Zealand (2013) New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 61, pp. 77-86; Partin, M.R., Powell, A.A., Burgess, D.J., Haggstrom, D.A., Gravely, A.A., Halek, K., Bangerter, A., Nelson, D.B., Adding postal follow-up to a web-based survey of primary care and gastroenterology clinic physician chiefs improved response rates but not response quality or representativeness (2015) Evaluation & the Health Professions, 38, pp. 382-403; Rolstad, S., Adler, J., Rydén, A., Response burden and questionnaire length: Is shorter better? A review and meta-analysis (2011) Value in Health, 14, pp. 1101-1108; Rosanowski, S.M., Cogger, N., Rogers, X.W., Bolwell, C.F., Benschop, J., Stevenson, M.A., Analysis of horse movements from non-commercial horse properties in New Zealand (2013) New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 61, pp. 245-253; Rothman, K.J., (2012) Epidemiology: An Introduction, 267p. , Oxford University Press; Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., Lash, T.L., (2008) Modern Epidemiology, 761p. , Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Thebaud, G., Sauvion, N., Chadoeuf, J., Dufils, A., Labonne, G., Identifying risk factors for European stone fruit yellows from a survey (2006) Phytopathology, 96, pp. 890-899; Van Toor, R.F., Teulon, D.A.F., Insecticide practice for aphid control in potatoes (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, p. 235; Vanneste, J.L., Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa): A threat to the New Zealand and global kiwifruit industry (2012) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 40, pp. 265-267; Vicent, A., Botella-Rocamora, P., Lopez-Quilez, A., De La Roca, E., Bascon, J., Garcia-Jimenez, J., Relationships between agronomic factors and epidemics of Phytophthora branch canker of citrus in southwestern Spain (2012) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 133, pp. 577-584 PY - 2016 SP - 30-38 ST - Kiwifruit bacterial canker in 'Hayward' kiwifruit: Design of a quantitative questionnaire for kiwifruit growers T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Kiwifruit bacterial canker in 'Hayward' kiwifruit: Design of a quantitative questionnaire for kiwifruit growers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980383502&partnerID=40&md5=4dd9564a735b7c273d28192b9581f596 VL - 69 ID - 81 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In 2013, three populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and two populations of Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum) from five vineyards in New Zealand were confirmed to be resistant to glyphosate. The level of resistance in four populations was almost 10-fold while one population of perennial ryegrass (Population O) had a level of resistance greater than 30-fold. Quick tests for confirming the presence of glyphosate in ryegrass plants have been developed. Molecular and physiological investigations showed that there was restricted herbicide translocation in all studied populations and Population O also had a modification at Pro-106 of the EPSPS enzyme. It was also found that the restricted herbicide translocation can be suppressed under cool conditions. Further studies also showed that the gene causing restricted herbicide translocation could be readily transferred through pollen, and the gene was partially dominant. All glyphosate resistant populations were also resistant to glufosinate, and three of the populations were also resistant to amitrole. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Ghanizadeh, H. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - James, T. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Beckie, H.J., Herbicide-resistant weed management: Focus on glyphosate (2011) Pest Management Science, 67, pp. 1037-1048; Boyd, P.G., Field observations with thiocyanate-activated amitrole (1964) Proceedings of the 17th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 115-118; Bradshaw, L.D., Padgette, S.R., Kimball, S.L., Wells, B.H., Perspectives on glyphosate resistance (1997) Weed Technology, 11, pp. 189-198; Feng, P.C.C., Tran, M., Chiu, T., Sammons, R.D., Heck, G.R., CaJacob, C.A., Investigations into glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis): Retention, uptake, translocation, and metabolism (2004) Weed Science, 52, pp. 498-505; Ge, X., D'Avignon, D.A., Ackerman, J.J.H., Sammons, R.D., Rapid vacuolar sequestration: The horseweed glyphosate resistance mechanism (2010) Pest Management Science, 66, pp. 345-348; Ge, X., D'Avignon, D.A., Ackerman, J.J.H., Sammons, R.D., In vivo 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance studies of glyphosate uptake, vacuolar sequestration, and tonoplast pump activity in glyphosate-resistant horseweed (2014) Plant Physiology, 166, pp. 1255-1268; Ge, X., D'Avignon, D.A., Ackerman, J.J.H., Duncan, B., Spaur, M.B., Sammons, R.D., Glyphosateresistant horseweed made sensitive to glyphosate: Low-temperature suppression of glyphosate vacuolar sequestration revealed by 31P NMR (2011) Pest Management Science, 67, pp. 1215-1221; Ge, X., D'Avignon, D.A., Ackerman, J.J.H., Collavo, A., Sattin, M., Ostrander, E.L., Hall, E.L., Preston, C., Vacuolar glyphosatesequestration correlates with glyphosate resistance in ryegrass (Lolium spp.) from Australia, South America, and Europe: A 31P NMR investigation (2012) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60, pp. 1243-1250; Ghanizadeh, H., (2015) Aspects of Herbicide Resistance in Three New Zealand Weed Species, 233p. , PhD thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Glyphosate-resistant population of Lolium perenne loses resistance at winter temperatures (2015) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, pp. 423-431; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Glyphosate-resistant Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne populations from New Zealand are also resistant to glufosinate and amitrole (2015) Crop Protection, 78, pp. 1-4; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Woolley, D.J., Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 89-93; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Woolley, D.J., Quick tests for detecting glyphosate-resistant Italian and perennial ryegrass (2015) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, pp. 108-120; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Woolley, D.J., Ellison, N.W., Mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) populations (2015) Pest Management Science, 71, pp. 1617-1622; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Woolley, D.J., Ellison, N.W., Restricted herbicide translocation was found in two glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations from New Zealand (2016) Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, , in press; Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Parker, M.D., (2014) Managing Glyphosate Resistance, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=herbicides/glyphosate, accessed 17 Feb. 2016; Heap, I., (2015) International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds, , http://www.weedscience.com, accessed 13 Jan 2015; Herrmann, K.M., Weaver, L.M., The shikimate pathway (1999) Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50, pp. 473-503; Lorraine-Colwill, D.F., Powles, S.B., Hawkes, T.R., Preston, C., Inheritance of evolved glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum (Gaud.) (2001) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102, pp. 545-550; Michitte, P., Prado, Rd., Espinoza, N., Ruiz-Santaella, J.P., Gauvrit, C., Mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate in a ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) biotype from Chile (2007) Weed Science, 55, pp. 435-440; Powles, S.B., Evolved glyphosate-resistant weeds around the world: Lessons to be learnt (2008) Pest Management Science, 64, pp. 360-365; Powles, S.B., Yu, Q., Evolution in action: Plants resistant to herbicides (2010) Annual Review of Plant Biology, 61, pp. 317-347; Powles, S.B., Lorraine-Colwill, D.F., Dellow, J.J., Preston, C., Evolved resistance to glyphosate in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia (1998) Weed Science, 46, pp. 604-607; Riar, D.S., Norsworthy, J.K., Johnson, D.B., Scott, R.C., Bagavathiannan, M., Glyphosate resistance in a Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) biotype from Arkansas (2011) Weed Science, 59, pp. 299-304; Sammons, R.D., Gaines, T.A., Glyphosate resistance: State of knowledge (2014) Pest Management Science: 1367-1377; Steinrucken, H.C., Amrhein, N., The herbicide glyphosate is a potent inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase (1980) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 94; Wakelin, A.M., Lorraine-Colwill, D.F., Preston, C., Glyphosate resistance in four different populations of Lolium rigidum is associated with reduced translocation of glyphosate to meristematic zones (2004) Weed Research, 44, pp. 453-459; Yuan, J.S., Abercrombie, L.L.G., Cao, Y., Halfhill, M.D., Zhou, X., Peng, Y., Hu, J., Stewart, C.N., Jr., Functional genomics analysis of horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with special reference to the evolution of non-target-site glyphosate resistance (2010) Weed Science, 58, pp. 109-117; Zelaya, I.A., Owen, M.D.K., VanGessel, M.J., Inheritance of evolved glyphosate resistance in Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq (2004) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 110, pp. 58-70 PY - 2016 SP - 246-251 ST - Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass in New Zealand - A review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass in New Zealand - A review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980318122&partnerID=40&md5=5a1f5233e4ee2949600ccdf1e894a935 VL - 69 ID - 50 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study investigated the ability of ten Trichoderma isolates to control the fusarium wilt pathogen of tomato, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, as well as the effect of these isolates on tomato plant growth in the presence and absence of the pathogen. The isolates were obtained from the Lincoln Bio-Protection Research Centre Culture Collection and were inoculated into seed raising mix (0.5% w/w) in two glasshouse studies. Two Trichoderma isolates significantly (P<0.05) reduced tomato fusarium wilt incidence, as shown by 69% fewer plants with vascular discoloration. In the presence of the pathogen, one isolate significantly increased tomato plant growth by 50% or more. In the absence of the pathogen, none of the Trichoderma isolates consistently increased all plant growth parameters. The biocontrol mechanism of these Trichoderma isolates requires further investigation. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Ghazalibiglar, H. AU - Kandula, D. R. W. AU - Hampton, J. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, Young, S., (2013) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, 768p. , Agrimedia Ltd, Christchurch; Campbell, R., (1989) Biological Control of Microbiol Plant Pathogens, 432p. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Christopher, D., Raj, T.S., Rani, S.U., Udhayakumar, R., Role of defense enzymes activity in tomato as induced by Trichoderma virens against Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp. lycopersici (2010) Journal of Biopesticides, 3 (1), pp. 158-162; Compant, S., Duffy, B., Nowak, J., Clement, C., Barka, E.A., Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: Principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects (2005) App. & Env. Microbiology, 71 (9), pp. 49-51; Cotxarrera, L., Trillas-Gay, M., Steinberg, C., Alabouvette, C., Use of sewage sludge compost and Trichoderma asperellum isolates to suppress Fusarium wilt of tomato (2002) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34 (4), pp. 467-476; Datnoff, L., Nemec, S., Pernezny, K., Biological control of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato in Florida using Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus intraradices (1995) Biological Control, 5 (3), pp. 427-431; Dimond, A., Pathogenesis in the wilt diseases (1955) Annual Review of Plant Physiol., 6 (1), pp. 329-350; Fravel, D., Olivain, C., Alabouvette, C., Fusarium oxysporum and its biocontrol (2003) New Phytologist, 157 (3), pp. 493-502; Guo, J.H., Qi, H.Y., Guo, Y.H., Ge, H.L., Gong, L.Y., Zhang, L.X., Sun, P.H., Biocontrol of tomato wilt by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (2004) Biological Control, 29 (1), pp. 66-72; Harman, G.E., Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp (2006) Phytopathology, 96 (2), pp. 190-194; Harrison, Y., Stewart, A., Selection of fungal antagonists for biological control of onion white rot in New Zealand (1988) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 16 (3), pp. 249-256; Himmelbauer, M., Estimating length, average diameter and surface area of roots using two different image analyses systems (2004) Plant and Soil, 260 (1-2), pp. 111-120; Hoffland, E., Hakulinen, J., Van Pelt, J.A., Comparison of systemic resistance induced by avirulent and nonpathogenic Pseudomonas species (1996) Phytopathology, 86 (7), pp. 757-762; Hoitink, H., Madden, L., Dorrance, A., Systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma spp.: Interactions between the host, the pathogen, the biocontrol agent, and soil organic matter quality (2006) Phytopathology, 96 (2), pp. 186-189; Howell, C., Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: The history and evolution of current concepts (2003) Plant Disease, 87 (1), pp. 4-10; Jarvis, W., Fusarium crown and root rot of tomatoes (1988) Phytoprotection, 69 (2), pp. 49-64; Kay, S., Stewart, A., Evaluation of fungal antagonists for control of onion white rot in soil box trials (1994) Plant Pathology, 43 (2), pp. 371-377; Larkin, R.P., Fravel, D.R., Efficacy of various fungal and bacterial biocontrol organisms for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato (1998) Plant Disease, 82 (9), pp. 1022-1028; Lugtenberg, B., Kamilova, F., Plant-growthpromoting rhizobacteria (2009) Annual Review of Microbiology, 63, pp. 541-556; Martínez-Medina, A., Alguacil, M.D.M., Pascual, J.A., Van Wees, S.C., Phytohormone profiles induced by Trichoderma isolates correspond with their biocontrol and plant growthpromoting activity on melon plants (2014) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 40 (7), pp. 804-815; Matarese, F., Sarrocco, S., Gruber, S., Seidl-Seiboth, V., Vannacci, G., Biocontrol of Fusarium head blight: Interactions between Trichoderma and mycotoxigenic Fusarium (2012) Microbiology, 158 (1), pp. 98-106; Raj, S.N., Deepak, S., Basavaraju, P., Shetty, H., Reddy, M., Kloepper, J.W., Comparative performance of formulations of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in growth promotion and suppression of downy mildew in pearl millet (2003) Crop Protection, 22 (4), pp. 579-588; Segarra, G., Casanova, E., Avilés, M., Trillas, I., Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 controls Fusarium wilt disease in tomato plants in soilless culture through competition for iron (2010) Microbial Ecology, 59 (1), pp. 141-149; Sivan, A., Chet, I., The possible role of competition between Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium oxysporum on rhizosphere colonization (1989) Phytopathology, 79 (2), pp. 198-203; Sivan, A., Ucko, O., Chet, I., Biological control of Fusarium crown rot of tomato by Trichoderma harzianum under field conditions (1987) Plant Disease, 71 (7), pp. 587-592; Srivastava, R., Khalid, A., Singh, U., Sharma, A., Evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, fluorescent Pseudomonas and Trichoderma harzianum formulation against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici for the management of tomato wilt (2010) Biological Control, 53 (1), pp. 24-31; Tomatoes, N.Z., (2016) New Zealanders Love Fresh Tomatoes, , http://www.tomatoesnz.co.nz, Retrieved from Statistics New Zealand; Umashankar, N., Devakumar, A., Raveendra, H., Krishnamurthy, R., Biological control of Fusarium wilt in tomato (2010) Environment and Ecology, 28 (2 A), pp. 1111-1115; Yigit, F., Dikilitas, M., Control of Fusarium wilt of tomato by combination of Fluorescent Pseudomonas, non-pathogen Fusarium and Trichoderma harzianum T-22 in greenhouse conditions (2007) Plant Pathology Journal, 6 (2), pp. 159-163 PY - 2016 SP - 57-63 ST - Biological control of fusarium wilt of tomato by Trichoderma isolates T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Biological control of fusarium wilt of tomato by Trichoderma isolates UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980322394&partnerID=40&md5=99f05f25a876f813e2c52d0e00d1d403 VL - 69 ID - 73 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The first cases of weeds developing resistance to glyphosate within New Zealand have recently been reported and investigated. Both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations have become resistant to glyphosate in several Marlborough vineyards due to many years of weed control using mainly just glyphosate. Glyphosate is currently being used in many situations throughout New Zealand that could easily lead to further resistance developing, such as in other perennial fruit crops, on roadsides, railways, amenity areas, waste areas, fence lines and headlands of crops. Following wide consultation as part of a Sustainable Farming Fund project, strategies for resistance management in three systems (vineyard and orchards, amenity and waste areas, and crops and pastures) are suggested. Adoption of these strategies will allow glyphosate to continue as a useful herbicide in New Zealand. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - James, T. K. AU - Parker, M. D. AU - Ghanizadeh, H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Delye, C., Weed resistance to acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors: An update (2005) Weed Science, 53 (5), pp. 728-746; Franz, E., Mao, M.K., Sikorski, J.A., (1997) Glyphosate: A Unique Global Herbicide, 653p. , American Chemical Society, Washington DC, USA; Ghanizadeh, H., (2015) Aspects of Herbicide Resistance in Three New Zealand Weed Species, 233p. , PhD thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Glyphosate-resistant population of Lolium perenne loses resistance at winter temperatures (2015) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, pp. 423-431; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Glyphosate-resistant Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne populations from New Zealand are also resistant to glufosinate and amitrole (2015) Crop Protection, 78, pp. 1-4; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Woolley, D.J., Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 89-93; Ghanizadeh, H., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Woolley, D.J., Quick tests for detecting glyphosate-resistant Italian and perennial ryegrass (2015) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, pp. 108-120; Harrington, K.C., (2014) Managing Triazine Resistance in Orchards, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=herbicides/triazine_orchard, accessed 17 March 2016; Harrington, K.C., Berry, S.B., Sims, R.E.H., A survey of weed control practices in New Zealand pipfruit orchards (1992) Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 285-288; Heap, I., (2016) International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds, , http://www.weedscience.com, accessed 16 March 2016; NZCPR, (2016) Herbicide Modes of Action, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=herbicides/mode_of_action, accessed 17 March 2016; Preston, C., (2015) The Australian Glyphosate Sustainability Working Group, , http://www.glyphosateresistance.org.au, accessed 17 March 2016; Young, S., (2015) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, 864p. , Agrimedia Ltd, Christchurch PY - 2016 SP - 252-257 ST - Strategies to manage the evolution of glyphosate resistance in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Strategies to manage the evolution of glyphosate resistance in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980367626&partnerID=40&md5=75d156c0d52860ca7b1a9bbb564a8ea1 VL - 69 ID - 64 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For over 25 years The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR) and its antecedents have operated a network of weather stations in the main New Zealand horticultural regions. Data from these stations have been applied to the analysis of trials and surveys, and used for the development of disease models and horticultural software. Access to the data has evolved from direct links between each weather station's dial-up modem and the user's computer, to standalone MetWatch software, to the web-based MetWatch Online, and finally to the current Internet Protocol (IP)-based system allowing direct-access via smartphones. The most recent network upgrade, to provide near real-time data via the 3G cellular network, provides the focus for this review of the network and its applications. We discuss opportunities for future development of equipment within the weather station network. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Henshall, W. R. AU - Hill, G. N. AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Agnew, R. H. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Marshall, R. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Agnew, R.H., Vineyard weather stations in Marlborough and their role in grape disease management (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, p. 378; Agnew, R.H., Mundy, D.C., Balasubramaniam, R., Effects of spraying strategies based on monitoring disease risk on grape disease control and fungicide usage in Marlborough (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 30-36; Agnew, R.H., Raw, V., Bishell, R., Grab, F., Sorenson, I., Marshall, R.R., Wood, P.N., Parker, A., Grapevine growth stage monitoring for prediction of of phenological events (2015) New Zealand Winegrower, 93, pp. 136-137; Atkins, T.A., Laurenson, M.R., Mills, T.M., Ogilvie, D.K., Orchard-2000 - Towards a decisionsupport system for new-zealand orchard industries (1992) Acta Horticulturae, 313, pp. 173-182; Beresford, R.M., Validation of an ascospore release prediction model for apple black spot (Venturia inaequalis) (1999) Proceedings of the Fifty Second New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 148-152; Beresford, R.M., Towards reduced reliance on fungicides for disease control in New Zealand's crop-based industries (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 138-144; Beresford, R.M., McKay, A.H., (2012) Climate Change Impacts on Plant Diseases Affecting New Zealand Horticulture, 63p. , http://www.mpi.govt.nz/document-vault/4085, Report prepared for Ministry for Primary Industries, September 2012. MPI Technical Paper, PFR SPTS No. 7532, accessed 13/04/2016; Beresford, R.M., Spink, M., A national disease forecasting system for apple black spot (Venturia inaequalis) in New Zealand (1992) Acta Horticulturae, 313, pp. 285-296; Beresford, R.M., Tyson, J.L., Seasonal accuracy of the Psa risk model (2014) New Zealand Kiwifruit Journal Issue, 283, pp. 18-19; Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., Palmer, J.W., A new apple scab risk model that integrates ascospore release, infection risk and susceptible leaf area (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 20-24; Beresford, R.M., Wood, P.N., Fisher, B.M., Use of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for calibrating plant disease risk forecasting models (2015) The Plant Protection Data Tool Box, pp. 33-43. , Beresford RM, Froud KJ, Kean JM, Worner SP eds, New Zealand Plant Protection Society; Gouk, S.C., Boyd, R.J., Hutchings, S.O., Applications of the MARYBLYT computer model for identifying infection risk for fire blight of apple (1996) Proceedings of the 49th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 96-100; Hall, A., Snelgar, B., Temperature effects on kiwifruit dry matter at harvest (2008) Acta Horticulturae, 803, pp. 155-162; Henshall, W.R., Beresford, R.M., Adaptation of potato late blight prediction models for New Zealand (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 25-29; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Use of geographic information systems and satellite data for assessing climatic risk of establishment of plant pathogens (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 109-113; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., Prediction of disease risk using site-specific estimates of weather variables (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 128-132; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Henshall, W.R., A cost-loss analysis to evaluate the value of weather estimates as inputs to a disease risk model (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 296-300; Laurenson, M.R., Manktelow, D.W., Monitor - A computer-based tool for monitoring apple black spot infection periods (1992) Acta Horticulturae, 313, pp. 197-204; Manktelow, D.W., Laurenson, M., Development of a decision aid for pest and disease management in fruit crops (1990) Proceedings of the 43rd New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 114-116; Rowlandson, T., Gleason, M., Sentelhas, P., Gillespie, T., Thomas, C., Hornbuckle, B., Reconsidering leaf wetness duration determination for plant disease management (2015) Plant Disease, 99, pp. 310-319; Walker, J.T.S., Park, N.M., Butcher, M.R., Apple Futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production programme (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 282-290; Whiteman, S.A., Beresford, R.M., Evaluation of onion downy mildew disease risk in New Zealand using meteorological forecasting criteria (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 117-122 PY - 2016 SP - 120-125 ST - Functional development of a New Zealand weather station network to improve plant production T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Functional development of a New Zealand weather station network to improve plant production UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980373834&partnerID=40&md5=2431800faba9c7e076017324e62d0a16 VL - 69 ID - 41 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly being evaluated as a potential complementary strategy for pest suppression or elimination. New Zealand's export fruit sector has an imperative to meet strict international phytosanitary requirements, together with increasing market demand for residue-free produce. SIT is a pest-specific method of insect control that can complement current Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Successful SIT presents significant challenges: the target pest must be a good candidate for suppression, and strong stakeholder and community commitment is required to achieve and maintain suppression until area-wide elimination is achieved. Emerging sterilisation technologies and refinement of existing methods are making this technology progressively more efficient and cost-effective. This study reviewed the advantages of including SIT in an IPM programme and described the first use of codling moth SIT in New Zealand. A pilot programme is currently underway to evaluate its potential to achieve local elimination of codling moth in Central Hawke's Bay apple orchards. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Horner, R. M. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Suckling, D. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bloem, S., Bloem, K.A., Carpenter, J.E., Calkins, C.O., Inherited sterility in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Effect of substerilizing doses of radiation on insect fecundity, fertility and control (1999) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 92, pp. 222-229; Bloem, S., Carpenter, J., McCluskey, A., Fugger, R., Arthur, S., Wood, S., Suppression of the codling moth Cydia pomonella in British Columbia, Canada using an area-wide integrated approach with an SIT component (2007) Area-wide Control of Insect Pests, pp. 591-601. , Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J eds, Springer Netherlands; Blomefield, T., Carpenter, J.E., Vreysen, M.J.B., Quality of mass-reared codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) after longdistance transportation: 1. Logistics of shipping procedures and quality parameters as measured in the laboratory (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, pp. 814-822; Byers, J.A., Castle, S.J., Areawide models comparing synchronous versus asynchronous treatments for control of dispersing insect pests (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology, 98, pp. 1763-1773; Carpenter, J., Bloem, S., Marec, F., Inherited sterility in insects (2005) Sterile Insect Technique, pp. 115-146. , Springer; Carpenter, J.E., Blomefield, T., Hight, S.D., Comparison of laboratory and field bioassays of laboratory-reared Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) quality and field performance (2013) Journal of Applied Entomology, 137, pp. 631-640; Cayol, J., Rössler, Y., Weiss, M., Bahdousheh, M., Omari, M., Hamalawi, M., Almughayyar, A., Barnes, B., Fruit fly control and monitoring in the Near East: Shared concern in a regional transboundary problem (2004) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, pp. 155-171. , Stellenbosch, South Africa, 6-10 May 2002; El-Sayed, A.M., Suckling, D.M., Byers, J.A., Jang, E.B., Wearing, C.H., Potential of "lure and kill" in long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species (2009) Journal of Economic Entomology, 102, pp. 815-835; Enkerlin, W.R., An economic assessment for oriental fruit fly control using the sterile insect technique (SIT) in Tkailand: A case study for the mango production areas of Paktor District (2001) Report to the IAEA, p. 11. , IAEA, Vienna, Austria; Gamble, J.C., Payne, T., Small, B., Interviews with New Zealand community stakeholders regarding acceptability of current or potential pest eradication technologies (2010) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 38, pp. 57-68; Gemmell, N.J., Jalilzadeh, A., Didham, R.K., Soboleva, T., Tompkins, D.M., The Trojan female technique: A novel, effective and humane approach for pest population control (2013) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, p. 280; Hendrichs, J., Use of the sterile insect technique against key insect pests (2000) Sustainable Development International, 2, pp. 75-79; Klassen, W., Area-Wide integrated pest management and the sterile insect technique (2005) Sterile Insect Technique, pp. 39-68. , Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS eds, Springer Netherlands; Klassen, W., Earle, N., Permanent sterility induced in boll weevils with busulfan without reducing production of pheromone (1970) Journal of Economic Entomology, 63, pp. 1195-1198; Klassen, W., Curtis, C.F., History of the Sterile Insect Technique (2005) Sterile Insect Technique, pp. 3-36. , Dyck VA, Hendrichs J, Robinson AS eds, Springer Netherlands; Knipling, E., Possibilities of insect control or eradication through the use of sexually sterile males (1955) Journal of Economic Entomology, 48, pp. 459-462; Kohama, T., Yamagishi, M., Kuba, H., Kinjo, K., (2003) A Progress Report on the Eradication Program of the Sweet Potato Weevil, Cylas Formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), with Both Male Annihilation Using Sex Pheromone and Sterile Insect Releases in Kume Island, , Okinawa, Japan; Kovaleski, A., Mumford, J., Pulling out the evil by the root: The codling moth Cydia pomonella eradication programme in Brazil (2007) Area-wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation, pp. 581-590. , Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J eds, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht; Lance, D., McInnis, D., Biological basis of the sterile insect technique (2005) Sterile Insect Technique, pp. 69-94. , Springer; Loosjes, M., Tan, K.-H., The sterile insect technique for commercial control of the onion fly. Area-wide control of fruit flies and other insect pests (2000) Joint Proceedings of the International Conference on Area-wide Control of Insect Pests, pp. 181-184. , 28 May-2 June, 1998 and the Fifth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, Penang, Malaysia, 1-5 June, 1998; Mumford, J., Application of benefit/cost analysis to insect pest control using the sterile insect technique (2005) Sterile Insect Technique, pp. 481-498. , Springer; Orankanok, W., Chinvinijkul, S., Thanaphum, S., Sitilob, P., Enkerlin, W., Area-wide integrated control of oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis and guava fruit fly Bactrocera correcta in Thailand (2007) Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests, pp. 517-526. , Springer; SITplus, (2016) Delivering a Solution for Queensland Fruit Fly, , http://pir.sa.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0005/242744/SITplusPartnershipBrochure.pdf; Suckling, D., Barrington, A., Chhagan, A., Stephens, A., Burnip, G., Charles, J., Wee, S., Eradication of the Australian painted apple moth Teia anartoides in New Zealand: Trapping, inherited sterility, and male competitiveness (2007) Area-wide Control of Insect Pests, pp. 603-615. , Springer; Suckling, D.M., Applying the sterile insect technique for biosecurity: Benefits and constraints (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 21-26; Taret, G., Sevilla, M., Wornoayporn, V., Islam, A., Ahmad, S., Caceres, C., Robinson, A.S., Vreysen, M.J.B., Mating compatibility among populations of codling moth Cydia pomonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from different geographic origins (2010) Journal of Applied Entomology, 134, pp. 207-215; Walker, J., Park, N., Butcher, M., Zydenbos, S., Apple Futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production programme (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 282-290; Walker, J., Lo, P., Horner, R., Park, N., Hughes, J., Fraser, T., Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) mating disruption outcomes in apple orchards (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 259-263; Xu, J., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Ling, L., Zeng, B., James, A.A., Tan, A., Huang, Y., Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated femalespecific sterility in the silkworm, Bombyx mori (2014) Insect Molecular Biology, 23, pp. 800-807 PY - 2016 SP - 296-304 ST - Use of the sterile insect technique in New Zealand: Benefits and constraints T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Use of the sterile insect technique in New Zealand: Benefits and constraints UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980320617&partnerID=40&md5=a8f14fad96bf75d7e6eb04ca11e01f45 VL - 69 ID - 72 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Calliphorid and sarcophagid flies are common, widespread pollinators of vegetable and forage seed crops. Information regarding their seasonal occurrence on arable farms growing these crops may help predict their temporal effectiveness and flexibility as pollinators. Window intercept traps (12 per farm) were placed at the edges of crop paddocks across five arable farms in Canterbury for periods of 1-6 weeks from 2012 to 2015. Total trapping days for each season over the four years were: summer 128, autumn 92, winter 199 and spring 35. Flies from at least six species were commonly caught from spring to autumn. Mean farm insect counts found Calliphora vicina to be the most abundant species in spring (237.3), summer (89.1) and winter (3.2), while Oxysarcodexia varia (212.9) and Pollenia spp. (190.3) were most abundant in autumn. Their broad temporal abundance shows their potential to pollinate crops that flower at different times. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Pattemore, D. E. AU - Walker, M. K. AU - Nelson, W. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barratt, B.I.P., Ferguson, C.M., Heath, A.C.G., Logan, R.A.S., Relative abundance and seasonality of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera), potential vectors of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the South Island of New Zealand (2001) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 28 (4), pp. 417-428; Barratt, B.I.P., Ferguson, C.M., Heath, A.C.G., Evans, A.A., Logan, R.A.S., Can insects transmit rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus? (1998) Proceedings of the Fifty First New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 245-250. , Quality Hotel, Hamilton, New Zealand, 11-13 August, 1998; Davidson, M.M., Howlett, B.G., Butler, R.C., Taylor, N.M., Walker, M.K., The influence of shelterbelts in arable farmland on beneficial and pest invertebrates (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 367-372; Foundation for Arable Research, (2012) Crop Pollination, (7), p. 53. , http://www.far.org.nz/mm_uploads/25801_FAR_focus_7_-_crop_pollination.pdf, FAR focus; Garibaldi, L.A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Aizen, M.A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S.A., Kremen, C., Afik, O., Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey-bee abundance (2013) Science, 339, pp. 1608-1611; Heath, A.C.G., Beneficial aspects of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1982) New Zealand Entomologist, 7, pp. 343-348; Heath, A.C.G., Appleton, C., Small vertebrate carrion and its use by blowflies (Calliphoridae) causing ovine myiasis (flystrike) in New Zealand (2000) New Zealand Entomologist, 22, pp. 81-87; Heath, A.C.G., Bishop, D.M., Flystrike in New Zealand (1995) Surveillance, 22, pp. 11-13; Henning, J., Schnitzler, F.R., Pfeiffer, D.U., Davies, P., Influence of weather conditions on fly abundance and its implications for transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in the North Island of New Zealand (2005) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 19 (3), pp. 251-262; Howlett, B., Butler, R., Nelson, W., Donovan, B., (2013) Impact of Climate Change on Crop Pollinator Activity in New Zealand, 45p. , www.mpi.govt.nz/document-vault/4101, MPI Technical Paper, Ministry for Primary Industries; Howlett, B.G., Hybrid carrot seed crop pollination by the fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2012) Journal of Applied Entomology, 136, pp. 421-430; Howlett, B.G., Donovan, B.J., McCallum, J.A., Newstrom, L.E., Teulon, D.A.J., Between and within field variability of New Zealand Indigenous Flower Visitors to Onions (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 213-218; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Donovan, B.J., Teulon, D.A.J., Window traps and direct observations record similar arthropod flower visitor assemblages in two mass flowering crops (2009) Journal of Applied Entomology, 133, pp. 553-564; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Rader, R., Butler, R.C., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Teulon, D.A.J., Can insect body pollen counts be used to estimate pollen deposition on pak choi stigmas? (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 25-31; Morris, M.C., Tests on a new bait for flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) causing cutaneous myiasis (flystrike) in sheep (2005) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Science, 48, pp. 151-156; Rader, R., Howlett, B., Cunningham, S., Westcott, D., Newstrom-Lloyd, L., Walker, M., Teulon, D., Edwards, W., Alternative pollinator taxa are equally efficient, but not as effective as the honeybee in a mass flowering crop (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 1080-1087; Rader, R., Howlett, B.G., Cunningham, S.A., Westcott, D.A., Edwards, W., Spatial and temporal variation in pollinator effectiveness: Do unmanaged insects provide consistent pollination services to mass flowering crops? (2012) Journal of Applied Ecology, 49 (1), pp. 126-134; Rader, R., Bartomeus, I., Garibaldi, L.A., Garratt, M.P.D., Howlett, B.G., Winfree, R., Cunningham, S.A., Andersson, G.K.S., Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination (2016) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (1), pp. 146-151; Stewart, A.V., A review of Brassica species, cross-pollination and implications for pure seed production in New Zealand (2002) Agronomy New Zealand, 32 (33), pp. 63-82 PY - 2016 SP - 290-295 ST - Seasonality of calliphorid and sarcophagid flies across Canterbury arable farms requiring pollinators T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Seasonality of calliphorid and sarcophagid flies across Canterbury arable farms requiring pollinators UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980347949&partnerID=40&md5=70bf06310b7539b80e341da77ba49dfb VL - 69 ID - 49 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Effectors are molecules produced by plant-associated organisms, such as fungal pathogens, that facilitate infection of specific plant hosts. Some effectors directly or indirectly suppress host defence responses while others help to mask the foreign invader from recognition by the plant. Plants can also recognise and respond to specific effectors to mount a resistance response. Thus the study of effectors is important for an understanding of plant-pathogen interactions. Dothistroma septosporum causes Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), a conifer disease of worldwide importance. In this study, effector genes specific to the D. septosporum-Pinus radiata interaction were identified. A bioinformatics pipeline was employed to predict effector candidates on the basis of characteristics such as secretion from the fungus and expression in planta. Using this pipeline, 55 effector candidates for future analysis were identified. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Hunziker, L. AU - Mesarich, C. H. AU - McDougal, R. L. AU - Bradshaw, R. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Barnes, I., Wingfield, M.J., Carbone, I., Kirisits, T., Wingfield, B.D., Population structure and diversity of an invasive pine needle pathogen reflects anthropogenic activity (2014) Ecology and Evolution, 4 (18), pp. 3642-3661; Bendtsen, J.D., Nielsen, H., Von Heijne, G., Brunak, S., Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0 (2004) Journal of Molecular Biology, 340 (4), pp. 783-795; Bolton, M.D., Van Esse, H.P., Vossen, J.H., De Jonge, R., Stergiopoulos, I., Stulemeijer, I.J.E., Van Den Berg, G.C.M., De Koster, C.G., The novel Cladosporium fulvum lysin motif effector Ecp6 is a virulence factor with orthologues in other fungal species (2008) Molecular Microbiology, 69 (1), pp. 119-136; Bradshaw, R.E., Guo, Y., Sim, A.D., Kabir, M.S., Chettri, P., Ozturk, I.K., Hunziker, L., Cox, M.P., Genome-wide gene expression dynamics of the fungal pathogen Dothistroma septosporum throughout its infection cycle of the gymnosperm host Pinus radiata (2016) Molecular Plant Pathology, 17 (2), pp. 210-224; Chen, H., Quintana, J., Kovalchuk, A., Ubhayasekera, W., Asiegbu, F.O., A cerato-plataninlike protein HaCPL2 from Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto induces cell death in Nicotiana tabacum and Pinus sylvestris (2015) Fungal Genetics and Biology, 84, pp. 41-51; De Wit, P.J.G.M., Van Der Burgt, A., Okmen, B., Stergiopoulos, I., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Aerts, A.L., Bahkali, A.H., Cox, M.P., The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry (2012) PLoS Genetics, 8 (11), p. e1003088; Eisenhaber, B., Schneider, G., Wildpaner, M., Eisenhaber, F., A sensitive predictor for potential GPI lipid modification sites in fungal protein sequences and its application to genome-wide studies for Aspergillus nidulans, Candida albicans, Neurospora crassa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2004) Journal of Molecular Biology, 337 (2), pp. 243-253; Emanuelsson, O., Nielsen, H., Brunak, S., Von Heijne, G., Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence (2000) Journal of Molecular Biology, 300 (4), pp. 1005-1016; Haddadi, P., Ma, L., Wang, H., Borhan, M.H., Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the lifestyle transition and effector repertoire of Leptosphaeria maculans during the colonization of Brassica napus seedlings (2016) Molecular Plant Pathology; Krogh, A., Larsson, B., Von Heijne, G., Sonnhammer, E.L.L., Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: Application to complete genomes (2001) Journal of Molecular Biology, 305 (3), pp. 567-580; O'Connell, R.J., Thon, M.R., Hacquard, S., Amyotte, S.G., Kleemann, J., Torres, M.F., Damm, U., Alkan, N., Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses (2012) Nature Genetics, 44 (9), pp. 1060-1067; Sperschneider, J., Dodds, P.N., Gardiner, D.M., Manners, J.M., Singh, K.B., Taylor, J.M., Advances and challenges in computational prediction of effectors from plant pathogenic fungi (2015) PLoS Pathog, 11 (5), pp. e1004806-e1004806; Storey, J.D., The Positive False Discovery Rate: A Bayesian interpretation and the q-value (2003) The Annals of Statistics, 31 (6), pp. 2013-2035; Vleeshouwers, V.G.A.A., Oliver, R.P., Effectors as tools in disease resistance breeding against biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic plant pathogens (2014) Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 27 (3), pp. 196-206 PY - 2016 SP - 94-98 ST - Effector identification in the pine pathogen Dothistroma septosporum T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effector identification in the pine pathogen Dothistroma septosporum UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980348059&partnerID=40&md5=57cc0ad498a4cc77a41d14d38b4bf1b4 VL - 69 ID - 76 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Noogoora bur (Xanthium strumarium) is a large, herbaceous, highly competitive annual weed of arable and horticultural crops which is subject to Regional Pest Management Plans in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions, New Zealand. A study with scarified burs showed that most plants emerged from 0-40 mm and none from 100 mm depth. Plants emerged after 8 days from 0-30 mm, after 14 days from 90 mm and continued to emerge over summer, with some also germinating in the second year after initiation. Cultivated fallow resulted in germination of similar numbers of seeds over two growing seasons with no new seed input. Results from a field trial showed that dicamba and atrazine, alone or in combination with other products, as well as topramezone, provided good control of this weed in maize crop. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - James, T. K. AU - Rahman, A. AU - Trolove, M. R. AU - Dowsett, C. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (2016) Waikato Regional Pest Management Plan, , http://www.waikatoregion.govt.nz/PageFiles/7035/Waikato_Regional_Pest_Management_Plan_-_2015_16_Operational-Plan.pdf, Control of Noogoora bur; Anonymous, Sustainable options: Pest plant control (2016) Bay of Plenty Pest Management Plan, , https://www.boprc.govt.nz/media/415023/pp33-noogoora-bur-web.pdf; Auld, B.A., Medd, R.W., (1987) Weeds: An Illustrated Botanical Guide to the Weeds of Australia, 255p. , Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia; Bararpour, M.T., Oliver, L.R., Effect of tillage and interference on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) population, seed production, and seedbank (1998) Weed Science, 46, pp. 424-431; ISTA, (2015) International Rules for Seed Testing, , ISTA Secretariat, CH-8303 Basserdorf Switzerland; Martin, R.J., Carnahan, J.A., Seed population dynamics, germination and dormancy in Xanthium (1981) Proceedings of the 6th Australian Weeds Conference, 1, pp. 21-24; Loddo, D., Sousa, E., Masin, R., Calha, I., Zanin, G., Fernández-Quintanilla, C., Dorado, J., Estimation and base temperature for germination or European populations of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) (2013) Weed Science, 61, pp. 443-451; Martin, R.J., Carnahan, J.A., The effect of field storage and laboratory conditions on germination of 5 Xanthium species (1983) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 34, pp. 249-260; Parsons, M., Southwell, M., Flooding and geomorphology influence the persistence of the invasive annual herb Noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale Bertol.) in the riparian zone of the dryland Darling River, Australia (2015) Rangeland Journal, 37, pp. 433-444; Van Klinken, R.D., Julien, M.H., Learning from past attempts: Does classical biological control of Noogoora burr (Asteraceae: Xanthium occidentale) have a promising future? (2003) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 13, pp. 139-153 PY - 2016 SP - 270-277 ST - Seed germination characteristics and control options for Noogoora bur (Xanthium strumarium) in commercial maize production T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Seed germination characteristics and control options for Noogoora bur (Xanthium strumarium) in commercial maize production UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980357072&partnerID=40&md5=74fbb63ffd6c1476c9f0a842844e0270 VL - 69 ID - 83 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jamieson, L. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2016 SP - xii-xiii ST - Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980395588&partnerID=40&md5=69b3748ccb29d93677238dbf38c43c50 VL - 69 ID - 71 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Taro imported to New Zealand from the Pacific Islands are currently fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) for control of mites, nematodes and other quarantine pests. There are growing restrictions on the use of MB, and alternatives to this fumigant are being sought, such as hot water treatments. Mites (Rhizoglyphus minutus) and nematodes (Meloidogyne sp. or Helicotylenchus sp.) were exposed to hot water both 'on' and 'off' taro. Hot water exposures ranged from 47.5°C to 52.5°C for 15 s to 5 min, the duration depending on the temperature. Preliminary 'off taro' experiments indicated that 100% mortality of R. minutus mite adults was achieved in 3-4 min at 47.5°C, and between 30 s and 1 min at 50°C. All adult mites were dead at the shortest treatment duration (15 s) at 52.5°C. The results indicated that 100% mortality of juvenile Meloidogyne sp. was achieved in 1-2 min at 47.5°C, and between 30 s and 1 min at 50°C. All juvenile nematodes were dead at 45 s at 52.5°C. Preliminary 'on taro' experiments at 52.5°C for durations of 3.5 min and 5 min indicated that a longer duration would be required to achieve 100% mortality of Rhizoglyphus mites. No live Meloidogyne or Helicotylenchus nematodes were present in either the untreated or hot water-treated taro. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Rohan, C. AU - Tunupopo, F. AU - Tugaga, A. AU - Connolly, P. G. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anon, (2016) Taro Mite: Pacific Island Countries, , http://www.pestnet.org/Summariesof-Messages/Crops/Rootstubers/Taro/Mites/Mitesexports,PacificIscountries.aspx, accessed 14 April 2016; Brash, D., Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Hot water treatment of taro for control of mites and namatodes (2006) A Crop & Food Research Report Prepared for Biosecurity New Zealand, 12p. , Report; Buli, A., Lomavatu, M., Ciri, M., Developing cleaner export pathways for taro in Fiji and Samoa. Proceedings of the. International Symposium on Innovative Plant Protection in Horticulture, Biosecurity, Quarantine Pests, and Market Access (2015) Acta Horticulturae, 1105, pp. 301-306. , Eds.: C. Hale, D. Hunter, W. Roberts, R. Ikin and S. McMaugh; Cleveland, W.S., Grosse, E., Shyu, W.M., Local regression models (1992) Statistical Models in S, Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, pp. 309-376. , Chambers JM, Hastie TJ eds, California; De Lima CPF, (2009) Final Report: Cost Effective Disinfestation Treatments for Pacific Horticulture, 30p. , http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/11329/PC-2008-029.pdf, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Griffin, M., Olsson, S.R., Jamieson, L.E., Kagy, V., Mille, C., Connolly, P.G., Woolf, A.B., Reducing the risk of importing pest-infested citrus by applying high pressure washing treatments offshore (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 109-115; MPI, (2012) Approved Biosecurity Treatments, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/regs/stds/bnz-std-abtrt.pdf, Ministry For Primary Industries, Wellington, accessed 14 April 2016; Nishina, M.S., Sato, D.M., Nishijima, W.T., Mau, R.F.L., (1992) Ginger Rood Production in Hawaii, , http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/CFS-GIN-3A.pdf, accessed 14 April 2016; Page-Weir, N.E.M., Jamieson, L.E., Bell, N.L., Rohan, T.C., Chhagan, A., Clare, G., Kean, A.M., Connolly, P.G., Interceptions and hot water treatment of mites and nematodes on root crops from the Pacific Islands (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 17-28; (2015) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , Vienna, Austria., R Foundation for Statistical Computing; Rural Agricultural Development Authority, (2012) Hot Water Treatment of Ginger Plant Material for Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes, , http://www.rada.gov.jm/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Hot_Water_Treatment-_GINGER.pdf, Rural Agricultural Development Authority, accessed 14 April 2016; Tsang, M.M.C., Hara, A.H., Sipes, B., Hot-water treatments of potted palms to control the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis (2003) Crop Protection, 22 (4), pp. 589-593; Tsang, M.M.C., Hara, A.H., Sipes, B.S., Efficacy of hot water drenches of Anthurium andraeanum plants against the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis and plant thermotolerance (2004) Annals of Applied Biology, 145 (3), pp. 309-316; UNEP, (2012) Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, , http://ozone.unep.org/en/handbook-montreal-protocol-substancesdeplete-ozone-layer/16, Ninth Edition. Control measures. Article 2H paragraph 6; Wang, K.H., McSorley, R., Exposure time to lethal temperatures for Meloidogyne incognita suppression and its implication for soil solarization (2008) Journal of Nematology, 40 (1), pp. 7-12 PY - 2016 SP - 200-206 ST - Development of a hot water disinfestation treatment for taro exported from the Pacific Islands T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of a hot water disinfestation treatment for taro exported from the Pacific Islands UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980315543&partnerID=40&md5=73da68622d2eaecf861155e5ac348fe0 VL - 69 ID - 79 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Tomato potato psyllid (TPP; Bactericera cockerelli) was first recorded in New Zealand in 2006. Exports to Australia must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) to comply with New Zealand's phytosanitary export certification requirements. Fumigation reduces the quality of the capsicums. In tests using high densities of TPP adults, TPP laid eggs mainly on the top of the calyx and the stem and some on the body of the fruit, although far fewer eggs than were laid on tomato or capsicum leaves. Given the choice between capsicum fruit body, stem and calyx or capsicum leaves, 99.2-99.5% of eggs were laid on leaves. Nymphs that hatched from the few eggs laid on the calyx and stem did not survive, indicating that capsicum fruit are a poor host for TPP. No eggs were laid beneath the capsicum calyx. Some exported capsicums are washed using high pressure washing equipment, which might dislodge TPP eggs. The very low incidence and survival of TPP on capsicum fruit could result in this fruit already meeting or exceeding the phytosanitary requirements of the importing country. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Chhagan, A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aitken, A.G., Hewett, E.W., (2014) Fresh Facts New Zealand Horticulture 2014, , http://www.freshfacts.co.nz/files/fresh-facts-2014.pdf, Plant & Food Research, Mt Albert, Auckland; Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Redpath, S.P., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P., Woolf, A.B., The tolerance of tomato potato psyllid life stages to ethyl formate (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 91-97; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Olsson, S., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., Woolf, A., High pressure water-washing to remove pests capsicums (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 118-122; Liu, D.G., Trumble, J.T., Tomato psyllid behavioral responses to tomato plant lines and interactions of plant lines with insecticides (2004) Journal of Economic Entomology, 97 (3), pp. 1078-1085; Market Access Solutionz, (2014) New Zealand Horticulture: Barriers to Our Export Trade, , Wellington, NZ, Market Access Solutions; MPI, (2015) Importing Countries Phytosanitary Requirements Japan, , Wellington, NZ, Ministry for Primary Industries; MPI, (2016) Importing Countries Phytosanitary Requirements Australia, , Wellington, NZ, Ministry for Primary Industries; Page-Weir, N.E.M., Jamieson, L.E., Redpath, S.P., Griffin, M.J., Olsson, S.R., Chhagan, A., Biswas, P., Woolf, A.B., High-pressure washing to manage insect infestations on capsicums (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 348-352; Teulon, D.A.J., Workman, P.J., Thomas, K.L., Nielsen, M.C., Bactericera cockerelli incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; UNEP, (2012) Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. Ninth Edition, , http://ozone.unep.org/en/handbook-montreal-protocol-substancesdeplete-ozone-layer/16, Control measures. Article 2H paragraph 6 PY - 2016 SP - 138-142 ST - Prevalence of Tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc) on red capsicum fruit in choice and no-choice tests T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Prevalence of Tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc) on red capsicum fruit in choice and no-choice tests UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980335326&partnerID=40&md5=5bf3bb9721b8ea2d085b68d90d34919b VL - 69 ID - 52 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella) is a pest of quarantine concern on apple exports to Asian markets. Apples exported to Japan must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) and then cold stored. Ethyl formate (EF), as an alternative to MB, is effective against a range of pests. This project investigated the effectiveness of EF to control an internal pest such as CM by determining the responses of key insect stages without fruit and inside apples. Trials without fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that late-stage CM eggs and third instar CM larvae were the most tolerant life stages, requiring a mean concentration of 1.34-1.94% EF to achieve 99% mortality, but 100% mortality of 4th/5th instar CM larvae. Trials with CM in fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that 1.13% EF resulted in 53.4% mortality of 4th/5th CM larvae inside apples. Increasing the mean concentration to 2.4% EF increased the mortality of 4th/5th larvae inside apples to 85.2%. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Griffin, M. J. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anon, (1993) Notification No. 582. Modification of Details Concerning Fixing the Standard by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Connection with Fresh Apple Varieties Such as Gala, Granny Smith, Fuji, Braeburn, Red Delicious and Royal Gala Shipped from New Zealand, , Annex: 1 4. MAFF Japan Plant Quarantine Law; Calderon, M., Navarro, S., Sensitivity of three stored product insect species exposed to different low pressures (1968) Nature, 218, p. 190; Chhagan, A., Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Zulhendri, F., Feng, R., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 63-74; Cleveland, W.S., Grosse, E., Shyu, W.M., Local regression models (1992) Statistical Models in S, pp. 309-376. , http://netlib.att.com/netlib/a/cloess.ps, Chambers JM, Hastie TJ eds, Z, Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, CA; De Lima, C.P.F., (2009) Fumigation of Table Grapes Using Ethyl Formate + Carbon Dioxide as a Quarantine Treatment, , Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia; De Lima, C.P.F., (2010) Fumigation of Citrus Using Ethyl Formate + Carbon Dioxide as a Quarantine Treatment, , Department of Agriculture and Food; Dentener, P.R., Alexander, S.M., Petry, R.J., O'Connor, G., Lester, P., Bennett, K.M., Maindonald, J.H., Effect of combined methyl bromide fumigation and cold treatment on Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) mortality on apples (1998) Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, pp. 528-533; Dobson, A.J., Barnett, A.G., (2008) Texts in Statistical Science: An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models, , 3 ed. Florida, USA, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; Drake, S.R., Moffitt, H.R., Response of several apple cultivars to methyl bromide fumigation (1998) HortTechnology, 8 (1), pp. 64-68; Ducom, P.J.F., The return of fumigants (2006) 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Production, 15-18 October, pp. 510-516. , Lorini I, Bacaltchuk B, Beckel H, Deckers D, Sundfeld E, dos Santos JP, Biagi JD, Celaro JC, Faroni LRDA, Bortolini LdOF and others eds; EPA, (2011) Methyl Bromide Fumigations: Postreassessment Guidance for Fumigators, , Wellington, New Zealand, Environmental Protection Authority; Griffin, M.J., Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Davis, V.A., Zulhendri, F., Connolly, P.G., The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 54-62; Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Redpath, S., Connolly, P.G., Developing ethyl formate treatment for disinfesting pipfruit (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 96-102; Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Redpath, S.P., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P., Woolf, A.B., The tolerance of tomato potato psyllid life stages to ethyl formate (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 91-97; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P.G., Poulton, J., Kean, A.M., The potential of using low oxygen and ethyl formate or ethyl acetate to disinfest fresh fruit in storage (2013) NZ Plant Protection, 66, pp. 45-53; Lagunas-Solar, M., Essert, T., (2011) Disinfestation and Disinfection of Food, Perishables and Other Commodities, , USA, Patent; Lagunas-Solar, M.C., Essert, T.K., Ui, C.P., Zeng, N.X., Truong, T.D., Metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD): A new, non-thermal, residue-free process for fresh agricultural products (2006) J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 86 (12), pp. 1814-1825; Mbata, G.N., Phillips, T.W., Payton, M., Mortality of eggs of stored-product insects held under vacuum: Effects of pressure, temperature, and exposure time (2004) Journal of Economic Entomology, 97 (2), pp. 695-702; Ministry for Primary Industries, (2013) MPI Phytosanitary Official Assurance Programme for the Export of Apples to Taiwan 2013-2014, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/regs/exports/plants/apples/apples-taiwan-complianceprogramme.pdf, Ministry for Primary Industries, accessed 15 Feb. 2014; Preisler, H.K., Robertson, J.L., Analysis of timedose-mortality data (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1534-1542; Pupin, F., Bikoba, V., Biasi, W., Pedroso, G., Ouyang, Y., Grafton-Cardwell, E., Mitcham, E., Postharvest control of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and California red scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with ethyl formate and its impact on citrus fruit quality (2013) Journal of Econmoic Entomology, 106 (6), pp. 2341-2348; (2015) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , Vienna, Austria., R Foundation for Statistical Computing; Rogers, D., Bycroft, B., Somerfield, K., Brash, D., Klementz, D., Cole, L., Sharma, N., Connolly, P., Efficacy of phosphine fumigation of apples for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) disinfestation (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 75-81; Schimanski, L.J., Jennings, D., Brown, G., Overcoming fumigation damage of 'Fuji' apples destined for Japan (2005) Acta Horticulturae, (682), pp. 1185-1191; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Mitcham, E.J., Effects of ethyl formate on fruit quality and target pest mortality for harvested strawberries (2004) Postharvest Biol. & Tech, 34 (3), pp. 313-319; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Econmoic Entomology, 100 (4), pp. 1084-1090; Soma, Y., Ikeda, T., Kawakami, F., Phytotoxic responses of several apple varieties to methyl bromide, phosphine and methyl isothiocyanate fumigation (1997) Research Bulletin Plant Protection Japan, 33, pp. 61-64; UNEP, (2012) Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, , http://ozone.unep.org/en/handbook-montreal-protocol-substancesdeplete-ozone-layer/16, Ninth Edition. Control measures. Article 2H paragraph 6; Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Hedderley, D.I., Somerfield, K.G., Brash, D.W., Efficacy of ethyl formate and ethyl acetate for the control of onion thrips (Jhips tabaci) (2007) Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35, pp. 267-274; Waddell, B., (1993) Japanese Market Access for New Zealand Apples: Development of a Postharvest Disinfestation Treatment for Codling Moth, p. 31. , New Zealand Institute of Agricultural Science and the New Zealand Society for Horticultural Science. Annual Convention, August 1993. Weston GC ed; Zulhendri, F., (2012) Investigation of Metabolic-Stress Disinfection and Disinfestation (MSDD) as an Alternative to Methyl Bromide for Disinfestation, , Auckland University; Zulhendri, F., De Sliva, H.N., Jamieson, L.E., Perera, C.O., Quek, S.Y., Woolf, A., Otimizing metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation components to control Pseudococcus longispinus (2012) Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 (4), pp. 1171-1177; Zulhendri, F., Jamieson, L., Perera, C., McDonald, R., Connolly, P., Quek, S., Woolf, A., The effect of metabolic stress disinfection and disinfestation (MSDD) on 'Hass' avocado fruit physiology and mortality of longtailed mealybug (Pseudococcus longispinus) (2012) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 64, pp. 138-145 PY - 2016 SP - 167-175 ST - Efficacy of ethyl formate As a disinfestation treatment for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apples T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Efficacy of ethyl formate As a disinfestation treatment for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apples UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980378473&partnerID=40&md5=6c20bd899dac48fb7c651c232ec5e64d VL - 69 ID - 56 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Developing decision support models to evaluate biosecurity risks objectively helps decision makers manage the associated risks with importation of goods. We report on the development of a prototype generic risk assessment model to determine the probability and consequences of a plant pest establishment and spread event for an infection point, given the biosecurity risk organism arrives via various pathways. The model has a number of sub-models, including: entry pathway, which models the ratio of infested units coming from any pathway supplying the infection point; establishment and spread, which models the chance of an establishment and spread event occuring at an infection point; and consequences, which models the consequences of any establishment or spread event occurring at the site. Future research is planned to develop a generic input interface to generate a support tool to allow a user to investigate the impacts of alternative 'what-if' scenarios and to test the model on real-world plant pest inputs. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Woodberry, O. AU - McDonald, C. M. AU - Ormsby, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anon, (2006) Risk Analysis Procedures, , http://www.mpi.govt.nz/importing/overview/import-health-standards/risk-analysis; Anon, Guidelines on pest risk analysis - Decision-support scheme for an express pest risk analysis (2012) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO, 42 (3), pp. 457-462; Jamieson, L.E., DeSilva, H.N., Worner, S.P., Rogers, D.J., Hill, M.G., Walker, J.T.S., A review of methods for assessing and managing market access and biosecurity risks using systems approaches (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 1-9; Mengersen, K., Quinlan, M.M., Whittle, P.J.L., Knight, J.D., Mumford, J.D., Wan Ismail, W.N., Tahir, H., Hermawan, Beyond compliance: Project on an integrated systems approach for pest risk management in South East Asia (2012) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 42 (1), pp. 109-116; Whittle, P., Johnson, S., Leach, A., Holt, J., Quinlan, M., Mengersen, K., Mumford, J., Developing systems approaches for phytosanitary pest risk management using control point Bayesian networks (2012) Fourth Annual Conference of the Australasian Bayesian Network Modelling Society (ABNMS2012), , http://abnms.org/conferences/abnms2012/program.php, University of Wollongong; Wintle, B.C., Nicholson, A., Exploring risk judgments in a trade dispute using Bayesian networks (2014) Risk Analysis, 34 (6), pp. 1095-1111 PY - 2016 SP - 186-199 ST - Developing a generic biosecurity risk assessment model for imports T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Developing a generic biosecurity risk assessment model for imports UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980329280&partnerID=40&md5=506d6a6225418c46cffd15b8161181c8 VL - 69 ID - 65 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Diseases caused by Botrytis spp. are one of the major management issues in New Zealand vineyards. These fungi are genetically diverse across New Zealand's vineyards, with this diversity being reflected in differences in pathogenicity and fungicide resistance between populations. These populations are known to differ in their seasonal and regional distribution. A basic understanding of this diversity, and the factors governing its distribution, are important in developing effective control strategies against Botrytis spp. This study reviews knowledge on the phylogenetic, seasonal and regional distribution of Botrytis spp. in New Zealand vineyards. It confirms earlier reports that populations associated with diseased fruit at harvest often differ from those most frequently detected at flowering. This study also uses microsatellite data to show that the regional differences in diversity seen at flowering are not evident in the populations associated with diseased fruit at harvest. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Johnston, P. R. AU - Park, D. AU - White, D. AU - Wilkie, J. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Johnston, P.R., Hoksbergen, K., Park, D., Beever, R.E., Genetic diversity of Botrytis in New Zealand vineyards and the significance of its seasonal and regional variation (2014) Plant Pathology, 63, pp. 888-898; Johnston, P.R., Wilkie, J.P., Park, D., Cooper, J.A., (2014) Contract PFR23729 Var. Influence of Botrytis Cinerea Genotype on Fungicide Sensitivity, Pathogenicity and Ecology of Botrytis Diseases in New Zealand Vineyards: Milestone 6, , Technical report on objectives 1 and 2. Lincoln, Landcare Research; Leroch, M., Plesken, C., Weber, R.W.S., Kauff, F., Scalliet, G., Hahn, M., Gray mould populations in German strawberry fields are resistant to multiple fungicides and dominated by a novel clade closely related to Botrytis cinerea (2013) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79, pp. 159-167; Fournier, E., Giraud, T., Loiseau, A., Vautrin, D., Estoup, A., Solignac, M., Cornuet, J.M., Brygoo, Y., Characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the fungus Botrytis cinerea (Ascomycota) (2002) Molecular Ecology Notes, 2, pp. 253-255; Fournier, E., Giraud, T., Albertini, C., Brygoo, Y., Partition of the Botrytis cinerea complex in France using multiple gene genealogies (2005) Mycologia, 97, pp. 1251-1267; Peakall, R., Smouse, P.E., GENALEX 6: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research (2006) Molecular Ecology Notes, 6, pp. 288-295; Peakall, R., Smouse, P.E., GenAlEx 6.5: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research - An update (2012) Bioinformatics, 28, pp. 2537-2539; Walker, A.-S., Gautier, A., Confais, J., Martinho, D., Viaud, M., Le Pêcheur, P., Dupont, J., Fournier, E., Botrytis pseudocinerea, a new cryptic species causing gray mould in French vineyards in sympatry with Botrytis cinerea (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 1433-1445 PY - 2016 SP - 25-29 ST - Genetic diversity of Botrytis populations in New Zealand vineyards across seasons and regions T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Genetic diversity of Botrytis populations in New Zealand vineyards across seasons and regions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980328117&partnerID=40&md5=da22c4fa1b823097f96c4207d43821fb VL - 69 ID - 46 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In February 2015, an established population of the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly, Bactrocera tryoni) was detected in Grey Lynn, Auckland. It was questionable whether Qfly might successfully overwinter in Auckland, and how trap efficacy and mating behaviour would be affected by winter conditions. During the official biosecurity response to eradicate Qfly these questions were addressed using published Qfly models that had been developed and parameterised from biological data from its native range. A model for cold acclimatisation suggested that Auckland winters would not be sufficiently cold to cause significant mortality of adult Qfly, but substantial cold mortality might occur in more southern locations. The temperature requirement for mating suggested mating would be relatively rare from June to October and two models for relative trap efficacy suggested that traps would be relatively ineffective until late spring (October-November). The Ministry for Primary Industry's biosecurity response was successful, with no detection of Qfly after March 2015 and eradication formally declared in December 2015. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Kean, J. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Acosta, H., White, P., (2011) Atlas of Biosecurity Surveillance, 2011 May, , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Wellington, New Zealand; Aguilar, G., Blanchon, D., Foote, H., Pollonais, C., Mosee, A., (2015) Queensland Fruit Fly Invasion of New Zealand: Predicting Area Suitability Under Future Climate Change Scenarios, , http://www.unitec.ac.nz/epress, Unitec ePress Perspectives in Biosecurity Research Series 2. Retrieved from; Bale, J.S., Hayward, S.A.L., Insect overwintering in a changing climate (2010) Journal of Experimental Biology, 213, pp. 980-994; Clarke, A.R., Powell, K.S., Weldon, C.W., Taylor, P.W., The ecology of Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae): What do we know to assist pest management? (2011) Annals of Applied Biology, 158, pp. 26-54; Cowley, J.M., Page, F.D., Nimmo, P.R., Cowley, D.R., Comparison of the effectiveness of two traps for Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and implications for quarantine surveillance systems (1990) Australian Journal of Entomology, 29, pp. 171-176; Fletcher, B.S., The overwintering survival of adults of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni, under natural conditions (1979) Australian Journal of Zoology, 27, p. 403; Kean, J.M., How accurate are methods for predicting phenology in New Zealand? (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 124-131; Kriticos, D., Regional climate-matching to estimate current and future sources of biosecurity threats (2012) Biological Invasions, 14, pp. 1533-1544; Maelzer, D.A., Fruit-fly outbreaks in Adelaide, S. A., from 1948-49 to 1985-86. II. The phenology of both pestilent species (1990) Australian Journal of Zoology, 38, pp. 555-572; Maelzer, D.A., Bailey, P.T., Perepelicia, N., Factors supporting the non-persistence of fruit fly populations in South Australia (2004) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 44, pp. 109-126; Meats, A., Seasonal trends in acclimatization to cold in the Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni, Diptera) and their prediction by means of a physiological model fed with climatological data (1976) Oecologia, 26, pp. 73-87; Meats, A., Developmental and long-term acclimation to cold by the Queensland fruitfly (Dacus tryoni) at constant and fluctuating temperatures (1976) Journal of Insect Physiology, 22, pp. 1013-1019; Meats, A., Thresholds for cold-torpor and cold-survival in the Queensland fruit fly, and predictability of rates of change in survival threshold (1976) Journal of Insect Physiology, 22, pp. 1505-1509; Meats, A., The bioclimatic potential of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni, in Australia (1981) Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia, 11, pp. 151-161; Meats, A., Fay, H.A.C., Distribution of mating frequency among males of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), in relation to temperature, acclimation and chance (2000) General and Applied Entomology, 29, pp. 27-30; MPI, (2015) Fruit Fly Eradicated from Auckland and Restrictions Lifted, , http://www.mpi.govt.nz/newsand-resources/media-releases/fruit-flyeradicated-from-auckland-and-restrictionslifted, Ministry for Primary Industries press release, 4 December 2015; Muthuthantri, S., Maelzer, D.A., Zalucki, M.P., Clarke, A.R., The seasonal phenology of Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Queensland (2010) Australian Journal of Entomology, 49, pp. 221-233; Peacock, L., Worner, S.P., Using analogous climates and global insect distribution data to identify potential sources of new invasive insect pests in New Zealand (2006) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 33, pp. 141-145; Reynolds, O.L., Dominiak, B.C., Orchard, B.A., Pupal release of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in the sterile insect technique: Seasonal variation in eclosion and flight (2010) Australian Journal of Entomology, 49, pp. 150-159; Roberts, R.M., Seasonal strategies in insects (1978) New Zealand Entomologist, 6, pp. 350-356; Tychsen, P.H., Mating behaviour of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae), in field cages (1978) Australian Journal of Entomology, 16, pp. 459-465; Weldon, C.W., Perez-Staples, D., Taylor, P.W., Feeding on yeast hydrolysate enhances attraction to cue-lure in Queensland fruit flies, Bactrocera tryoni (2008) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 129, pp. 200-209; Yonow, T., Sutherst, R.W., The geographical distribution of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) tryoni, in relation to climate (1998) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 49, pp. 935-954; Yonow, T., Zalucki, M.P., Sutherst, R.W., Dominiak, B.C., Maywald, G.F., Maelzer, D.A., Kriticos, D.J., Modelling the population dynamics of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) tryoni: A cohort-based approach incorporating the effects of weather (2004) Ecological Modelling, 173, pp. 9-30 PY - 2016 SP - 153-159 ST - Modelling winter survival, mating and trapping of Queensland fruit fly in Auckland, New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Modelling winter survival, mating and trapping of Queensland fruit fly in Auckland, New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980349769&partnerID=40&md5=2ed9dd85924bd081b8760a517c716a79 VL - 69 ID - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The New Zealand forest industry would greatly benefit from a successful way of controlling insect pests. The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, could hold such potential. It has previously been shown to be capable of endophytic colonisation of the Monterey pine Pinus radiata. We investigated B. bassiana transmission in P. radiata and whether this fungus, while acting as an endophyte, was beneficial to this tree species by testing its effect on above- and below-ground insect feeders. Beauveria bassiana was detected in P. radiata seedlings which had not previously been exposed to the fungus, indicating a vertical mode of transmission. The presence of the fungus negatively affected the fitness of below-ground insects feeding on the plant by reducing their survival by over 10% and their weight by about 5%. This vertically-transmitted beneficial endophyte of pine could be used cost-effectively to control insect pests in commercially-grown P radiata plantations. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lefort, M. C. AU - McKinnon, A. C. AU - Nelson, T. L. AU - Glare, T. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Akello, J., Dubois, T., Coyne, D., Kyamanywa, S., Endophytic Beauveria bassiana in banana (Musa spp.) reduces banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) fitness and damage (2008) Crop Protection, 27, pp. 1437-1441; Akello, J., Dubois, T., Coyne, D., Kyamanywa, S., Effect of endophytic Beauveria bassiana on populations of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, and their damage in tissue-cultured banana plants (2008) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 129, pp. 157-165; Akello, J., Sikora, R., Systemic acropedal influence of endophyte seed treatment on Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis fabae offspring development and reproductive fitness (2012) Biological Control, 61, pp. 215-221; Bing, L.A., Lewis, L.C., Suppression of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by endophytic Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (1991) Environmental Entomology, 20, pp. 1207-1211; Bissett, J., Widden, P., A new species of Beauveria isolated from Scottish moorland soil (1988) Canadian Journal of Botany, 66, pp. 361-362; Brownbridge, M., Reay, S.D., Nelson, T.L., Glare, T.R., Persistence of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) as an endophyte following inoculation of Radiata pine seed and seedlings (2012) Biological Control, 61, pp. 194-200; Castillo Lopez, D., Zhu-Salzman, K., Julissa Ek-Ramos, M., Sword, G.A., The entomopathogenic fungal endophytes Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus) and Beauveria bassiana negatively affect cotton aphid reproduction under both greenhouse and field conditions (2014) PLoS One, p. 9; Chapman, R.B., Pasture pests (1984) New Zealand Pest and Beneficial Insects, pp. 119-142. , RR Scott, Lincoln University College Press, Lincoln, New Zealand; Cherry, A.J., Banito, A., Djegui, D., Lomer, C., Suppression of the stem-borer Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize following seed dressing, topical application and stem injection with African isolates of Beauveria bassiana. International (2004) Journal of Pest Management, 50, p. 67e73; East, R., Kain, M., Grass grub: Biology, damage and control: A summary (1981) Farm Production and Practice, 47, pp. 1-3; Felsenstein, J., Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap (1985) Evolution, 39, pp. 783-791; Ganley, R.J., Newcombe, G., Fungal endophytes in seeds and needles of Pinus monticola (2006) Mycological Research, 110, pp. 318-327; Gomez-Vidal, S., Lopez-Llorca, L.V., Jansson, H.B., Salinas, J., Endophytic colonization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaves by entomopathogenic fungi (2006) Micron, 37, pp. 624-632; Griesbach, M., (2000) Occurrence of Mutualistic Fungal Endophytes in Bananas (Musa Spp.) and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents of Banana Weevil Cosmopolites Sordidus (Germar) in Uganda, , Ph. D Thesis, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Gurulingappa, P., Sword, G.A., Murdoch, G., McGee, P.A., Colonization of crop plants by fungal entomopathogens and their effects on two insect pests when in planta (2010) Biological Control, 55, pp. 34-41; Herman, T.J.B., Davidson, M.M., Introduction and establishment of Microplitis croceipes, a larval parasitoid of Heliothis, in North Island pine forests (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 328-333; Lefort, M.-C., Boyer, S., Vereijsen, J., Sprague, R., Glare, T.R., Worner, S.P., Preference of a native beetle for "exoticism", characteristics that contribute to invasive success of Costelytra zealandica (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) (2015) PeerJ, 3, p. e1454; Lefort, M.-C., Boyer, S., De Romans, S., Armstrong, K., Glare, T.R., Worner, S.P., Invasion success of a scarab beetle within its native range: Host-shift vs. host range expansion (2014) PeerJ, 2, p. e262; Mantzoukas, S., Chondrogiannis, C., Grammatikopoulos, G., Effects of three endophytic entomopathogens on sweet sorghum and on the larvae of the stalk borer Sesamia nonagrioides (2015) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 154, pp. 78-87; McKinnon, A.C., (2011) Rhizosphere Colonisation of Beauveria Vuillemin Species (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) (B. Bassiana and B. Caledonita), , Masters thesis. Lincoln University, NZ; Mead, D.J., Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations (2013) FAO Forestry Paper, , Rome, FAO; New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries, (2014) National Exotic Forest Description (as at 1 April 2012), , Wellington, Ministry for Primary Industries; Ownley, B.H., Griffin, M.R., Klingeman, W.E., Gwinn, K.D., Moulton, J.K., Pereira, R.M., Beauveria bassiana: Endophytic colonization and plant disease control (2008) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 98, pp. 267-270; Ownley, B.H., Gwinn, K.D., Vega, F.E., Endophytic fungal entomopathogens with activity against plant pathogens: Ecology and evolution (2010) Biocontrol, 55, pp. 113-128; Quesada-Moraga, E., Munoz-Ledesma, F.J., Santiago-Alvarez, C., Systemic protection of Papaver somniferum L. against Iraella luteipes (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) by an endophytic strain of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) (2009) Environmental Entomology, 38, pp. 723-730; Quesada-Moraga, E., Lopez-Diaz, C., Landa, B., The hidden habit of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana: First demonstration of vertical plant transmission (2014) Plos One, p. 9; (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org, version 2.12.1. Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing; Reay, S.D., Brownbridge, M., Gicquel, B., Cummings, N.J., Nelson, T.L., Isolation and characterization of endophytic Beauveria spp. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from Pinus radiata in New Zealand forests (2010) Biological Control, 54, pp. 52-60; Rehner, S.A., Buckley, E., A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-alpha sequences: Evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs (2005) Mycologia, 97, pp. 84-98; Rehner, S.A., Minnis, A.M., Sung, G., Luangsa-Ard, J.J., Devotto, L., Humber, R.A., Phylogeny and systematics of the anamorphic, entomopathogenic genus Beauveria (2011) Mycologia, 103, pp. 1055-1073; Roy, H.E., Brodie, E.L., Chandler, D., Goettel, M.S., Pell, J.K., Wajnberg, E., Vega, F.E., Deep space and hidden depths: Understanding the evolution and ecology of fungal entomopathogens (2010) Biocontrol, 55, pp. 1-6; Sang, T., Crawford, D.J., Stuessy, T.F., Chloroplast DNA phylogeny, reticulate evolution and biogeography of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae) (1997) American Journal of Botany, 84, pp. 1120-1136; Tate, J.A., Simpson, B.B., Paraphyly of Tarasa (Malvaceae) and diverse origins of the polyploid species (2003) Systematic Botany, 28, pp. 723-737; Tefera, T., Vidal, S., Effect of inoculation method and plant growth medium on endophytic colonization of sorghum by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (2009) Biocontrol, 54, pp. 663-669; Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S., MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods (2011) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, pp. 2731-2739; Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., Kumar, S., MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0 (2013) Mol. Biol. and Evol, 30, pp. 2725-2729; Vidal, S., Jaber, L.R., Entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes: Plant-endophyteherbivore interactions and prospects for use in biological control (2015) Current Science, 109, pp. 46-54; Wright, P., (1989) Selection of Entomogenous Nematodes to Control Grass Grub and Porina in Pasture, , PhD Thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand PY - 2016 SP - 68-77 ST - Natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana as a vertically transmitted endophyte of Pinus radiata and its effect on above- and below-ground insect pests T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana as a vertically transmitted endophyte of Pinus radiata and its effect on above- and below-ground insect pests UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980351173&partnerID=40&md5=7d40fbb2fac5e672457576e196cd9d3c VL - 69 ID - 58 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grapholita molesta (Oriental Fruit Moth, OFM) primarily infests stonefruit, but overseas it has adapted to pipfruit and become a major pest of apples and pears in some places. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of OFM in New Zealand apple orchards. Pheromone trapping was conducted in five apple growing regions in 2014-15 and repeated in Hawke's Bay and Nelson in 2015-16. No OFM was found in Gisborne (three orchards), Nelson (six) or Central Otago (seven), but it was recorded on one of six Waikato orchards. In Hawke's Bay, OFM occurred on 23/36 orchards, although on 15 properties <7 moths/trap/year were caught. However, traps in two orchards caught over 100 moths/year. The few OFM collected on some orchards may have been "strays" from nearby stonefruit orchards, but the high numbers in these two apple orchard blocks suggested the populations were established. The implications of OFM becoming an apple pest or reaching the South Island are discussed. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (1999) Integrated Pest Management for Stone Fruits, , University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3389, Oakland, USA; Anonymous, (2014) Ministry for Primary Industries Phytosanitary Official Assurance Programme for Verification of the On-orchard Pest Management Measures for Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella) 2013-2014, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/files/regs/exports/plants/compliance/codling-moth-sensitivemarkets-programme.pdf; Anonymous, (2015) Fresh Facts New Zealand Horticulture 2015, 36p. , Plant & Food Research; Baker, R.T., Oriental fruit moth in New Zealand (1982) Proceedings of the 35th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 17-21; Bellerose, S., Chouinard, G., Roy, M., Occurrence of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in major applegrowing areas of southern Quebec (2007) The Canadian Entomologist, 139, pp. 292-295; Cox, J.M., Dale, P.S., New records of plant pests in New Zealand (1977) II New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, pp. 109-111; Il'Ichev, A.L., Jerie, P.H., Hossain, M.S., Wide area mating disruption of oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Victoria (1998) Pest Management - Future Challenges, pp. 348-355. , Zalucki MP, Drew RAI, White GG eds. The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Kovanci, O.B., Schal, C., Walgenbach, J.F., Kennedy, G.G., Comparison of mating disruption with pesticides for management of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North Carolina apple orchards (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology, 98, pp. 1248-1258; Lo, P., Oriental fruit moth - Let's keep it out of the South Island (2000) The Orchardist of New Zealand, 73, p. 8; McLaren, G.F., Wearing, C.H., (2000) Trapping for Oriental Fruit Moth in Central Otago 1980-2000, 2p. , HortResearch client report 2000-268; Russell, D.A., (1982) Ecology of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita Molesta (Busck) in New Zealand, , PhD thesis, University of Auckland; Russell, D.A., Parasitism of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): The New Zealand position in a world perspective (1987) New Zealand Entomologist, 10, pp. 13-26; Russell, D.A., Cydia molesta (Busck), oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 155-159. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP eds, CAB Oxford, UK; Rothschild, G.H.L., Vickers, R.A., Biology, ecology and control of the oriental fruit moth (1991) Tortricid Pests: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, pp. 389-412. , Geest LPS, van der Evenhuis HH eds, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sziraki, G., Dispersion and movement activity of the oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta Busck) in large scale orchards (1979) Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 14, pp. 209-228; Yetter, W.P., Steiner, L.F., Efficiency of bait traps for the oriental fruit moth as indicated by the release and capture of marked adults (1932) Journal of Economic Entomology, 25, pp. 106-116; Wearing, C.H., Walker, J.T.S., (1998) Further Data Relating to the Risk of Codling Moth on Harvested Apples in New Zealand, , HortResearch Client Report PY - 2016 SP - 133-137 ST - Occurrence of Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholita molesta) in apple orchards in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Occurrence of Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholita molesta) in apple orchards in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980350605&partnerID=40&md5=9c25db887cba3f7b7e5b904963e28e52 VL - 69 ID - 45 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Trichoderma cf. atroviride is an endophytic soil fungus, which has been the target of much research due to its plant growth promoting effects and use as a biocontrol agent. For specific bioactive strains of this species to be used with long-lived forest trees such as Pinus radiata, they must persist over the long term in the host root system. To investigate the persistence of specific T. cf. atroviride strains in the roots of P. radiata, unique regions were identified in the genomes of strains that were more than 99.7% identical by using next generation sequencing. Based on these unique regions, probe-based, strain-specific quantitative-PCR assays were developed. The assays can be used to test strain persistence in nursery and forest-grown seedlings inoculated with mixtures of T. cf. atroviride strains, as well as in laboratory experiments to determine the effect of these strains on plant metabolism and defence. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mellow, K. AU - Chettri, P. AU - Kabir, S. AU - McDougal, R. L. AU - Cox, M. P. AU - Stewart, A. AU - Lange, C. AU - Steyaert, J. M. AU - Bradshaw, R. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bradshaw, R.E., Ganley, R.J., Jones, W.T., Dyer, P.S., High levels of dothistromin toxin produced by the forest pathogen Dothistroma pini (2000) Mycological Research, 104, pp. 325-332; Chettri, P., Calvo, A.M., Cary, J.W., Dhingra, S., Guo, Y., McDougal, R.L., Bradshaw, R.E., The veA gene of the pine needle pathogen Dothistroma septosporum regulates sporulation and secondary metabolism (2012) Fungal Genetics and Biology, 49, pp. 141-151; Harman, G.E., Multifunctional fungal plant symbionts: New tools to enhance plant growth and productivity (2011) New Phytologist, 189, pp. 647-649; Hohmann, P., Jones, E.E., Hill, R.A., Stewart, A., Understanding Trichoderma in the root system of Pinus radiata: Associations between rhizosphere colonisation and growth promotion for commercially grown seedlings (2011) Fungal Biology, 115, pp. 759-767; Lange, C., (2015) The Genome and Beyond: Phenotypic Determinants of Two Trichoderma Cf. Atroviride Sister Strains, , PhD Thesis, Lincoln University; Li, H., Durbin, R., Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler Transform (2009) Bioinformatics, 25, pp. 1754-1760; Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Durbin, R., The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools (2009) Bioinformatics, 25, pp. 2078-2079; Reglinski, T., Rodenberg, N., Taylor, J.T., Northcott, G.L., Ah Chee, A., Spiers, T.M., Hill, R.A., Trichoderma atroviride promotes growth and enhances systemic resistance in Diplodia pinea in radiata pine (Pinus radiata) (2012) Forest Pathology, 42, pp. 75-78 PY - 2016 SP - 64-67 ST - Molecular markers for quantification of bioactive fungal strains associated with Pinus radiata T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Molecular markers for quantification of bioactive fungal strains associated with Pinus radiata UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980417626&partnerID=40&md5=14434155a759606ae2c46ef9010faf35 VL - 69 ID - 48 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grapevine trunk diseases are the main reason for vine death in older vineyards. These deaths result in economic losses and reduce the productive life of the vineyard. On six occasions during a 10-year period, a single vineyard in Marlborough was monitored for vine deaths. A visual assessment of trunk disease symptoms (low canopy vigour and cankers) in individual vines showed that these symptoms did not predict vine death at the next assessment. The method of visual assessment is discussed in the context of other Sauvignon blanc vineyards in Marlborough that were similarly assessed, but over a shorter time period (within a year). To predict vineyard longevity for the New Zealand industry, improved visual assessments or an alternative method of monitoring vine health status is required. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - McLachlan, A. R. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anonymous, (2000) The Bank of New Zealand Wine and Grape Industry Statistical Annual, p. 44. , Auckland, N. Z., Winegrowers of New Zealand; Baumgartner, K., Travadon, R., Cooper, M., Hillis, V., Kaplan, J., Lubell, M., (2014) An Economic Case for Early Adoption of Practices to Prevent and Manage Grapevine Trunk Diseases in the Northern California Region: Preliminary Results: Research Brief, , Center for Environmental Policy and Behavior; Bruez, E., Baumgartner, K., Bastien, S., Travadon, R., Guerin-Dubrana, L., Rey, P., Pathogenic fungi and mycoparasites colonizing the functional wood of old vines with no Eutypa dieback or Esca foliar symptoms (2014) 9th International Workshop on Grapevine Trunk Diseases, p. 28. , Adelaide; Gubler, W.D., Rolshausen, P., Trouillase, F., Urbez, J.R., Voegel, T., Leavitt, G.M., Weber, E.A., Research update: Grapevine trunk diseases in California (2005) Practical Winery & Vineyard Magazine, pp. 6-25. , Jan/Feb; Mundy, D.C., Cocchi, C., An evaluation of the impact of grapevine trunk disease on fruit quality and vine performance in the Marlborough region, New Zealand (2007) The 13th Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, p. 79. , Adelaide Convention Centre, Adelaide, South Australia; Mundy, D.C., Manning, M.A., Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand: A review (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 160-166; Mundy, D.C., Manning, M.A., Physiological response of grapevines to vascular pathogens: A review (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 7-16; Mundy, D.C., Casonato, S.G., Manning, M.A., (2009) Incidence of Fungi Isolated from Grape Trunks in New Zealand Vineyards, p. 86. , The Australasian Plant Pathology Society 2009, Newcastle City, NSW Australia; Mundy, D.C., Raw, V., McLachlan, A.R.G., (2014) Calculating the Economic Cost of Trunk Disease Spread, , International workshop for Grapevine Trunk Diseases, Adelaide; New Zealand Winegrowers, (2014) Annual Report, p. 32. , Auckland, N. Z; Sosnowski, M.R., Shtienberg, D., Creaser, M.L., Wicks, T.J., Lardner, R., Scott, E.S., The influence of climate on foliar symptoms of eutypa dieback in grapevines (2007) Phytopathology, 97 (10), pp. 1284-1289; Sosnowski, M., Ayres, M., Wicks, T., (2012) Kangaroo Island Grapevine Trunk Disease Survey, , South Australian Research and Development Institute; Wicks, T., Davies, K., Effect of Eutypa on grapevine Yield (1999) The Australian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker (Annual Technical Issue), pp. 15-16 PY - 2016 SP - 17-24 ST - Visual symptoms of trunk diseases do not predict vine death T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Visual symptoms of trunk diseases do not predict vine death UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980360925&partnerID=40&md5=c6990ca43cb6cdf7286a67d8500966a8 VL - 69 ID - 62 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pieris brassicae, great white butterfly, was first detected in New Zealand in May 2010 in Nelson, and since November 2012 has been the target of a Department of Conservation eradication programme. Methods were available for killing P. brassicae eggs, larvae and adults, but not pupae. To assist eradication, a parasitoid of P. brassicae pupae, Pteromalus puparum, was mass reared at Lincoln and released at Nelson locations where there was a high probability of P. brassicae pupae being present. To avoid transporting P. brassicae from Nelson to Lincoln, Pt. puparum was reared on another of its hosts, Pieris rapae, which occurs throughout New Zealand. Between late February and early April 2015, an estimated 14,280 Pt. puparum adults from 837 parasitised P. rapae pupae were released in Nelson. However, parasitism of unparasitised P. rapae pupae, which were used as sentinels for monitoring parasitism rates, remained low. Although evidence of the releases being effective was weak, augmenting Pt. puparum populations remains the most practical method for increasing the mortality of P. brassicae pupae in Nelson. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Richards, N. K. AU - Hardwick, S. AU - Toft, R. AU - Phillips, C. B. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Avila, G.A., Berndt, L.A., Holwell, G.I., Dispersal behavior of the parasitic wasp Cotesia urabae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A recently introduced biocontrol agent for the control of Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in New Zealand (2013) Biological Control, 66, pp. 166-172; East, M., (2013) A Benefit Cost Analysis for the Great White Butterfly Incursion in New Zealand, 24p. , University of New England, Armidale, Australia. Report to New Zealand Department of Conservation; Godfray, H.C.J., (1994) Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology, 473p. , Princeton University Press; Green, C., Great white butterfly eradication: Nelson (2014) B3 Conference, , Wellington 28-29 May 2014. Great white cabbage butterfly - Chris Green pdf version; Hardwick, S., Ferguson, C.M., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Using mass-emergence devices to introduce an insect biocontrol agent to a new region and assist its dispersal (2016) Journal of Pest Science; Hiszczynska-Sawicka, E., Phillips, C.B., Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequence variation in New Zealand and overseas specimens of Vieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 8-12; Kean, J.M., Phillips, C.B., (2013) Phenology and Diapause Research for Great White Butterfly (Pieris Brassicae). Milestone 4: Detailed Spreadsheet Model for Phenology, 15p. , for Ministry for Primary Industries and Department of Conservation, 10 October 2013; Lasota, J.A., Kok, L.T., Parasitism and utilization of imported cabbageworm pupae by Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) (1986) Environmental Entomology, 15 (4), pp. 994-998; Muggeridge, J., The white butterfly (Pieris rapae L.) II. Parasites of the butterfly (1943) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, pp. 1-18; Phillips, C.B., Brown, K., Green, C., Walker, G., Broome, K., Toft, R., Vander Lee, B., Rees, J., (2014) Pieris Brassicae (great White Butterfly) Eradication Annual Report 2013/14, 37p. , Department of Conservation, Nelson, New Zealand; Phillips, C.B., Brown, K., Green, C., Broome, K., Toft, R., Shepherd, M., Bayley, S., Rees, J., (2015) Pieris Brassicae (great White Butterfly) Eradication Annual Report 2014/15, 15p. , Department of Conservation, Nelson, New Zealand PY - 2016 SP - 126-132 ST - Mass rearing Pteromalus puparum on Pieris rapae to assist eradication of Pieris brassicae from New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Mass rearing Pteromalus puparum on Pieris rapae to assist eradication of Pieris brassicae from New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980396175&partnerID=40&md5=e0ce64c69a3239d076052e53e24258f2 VL - 69 ID - 60 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Export markets require high-quality fruit, free from insects and mites of quarantine significance, and with minimal or no agrichemical residues. This presents a challenge for New Zealand's pipfruit sector when developing novel pest management systems to meet these market requirements. Brush-bed apple washers are an important component of a systems approach to remove insects and mites in packhouses before fruit are exported. A new apple washer using multi-nozzle rotors significantly reduced the incidence of insects and mites on apples. Weathered residues of kaolin and hydrated lime were similarly reduced by this apple washer. Assessment of fruit quality after apple washing and cool storage did not identify any commercially significant quality issues on the three apple cultivars examined. Apple washer design to optimise pest removal from all locations on the fruit is discussed. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Woolf, A. B. AU - McDonald, R. M. AU - Cole, L. M. AU - McLeod, S. AU - Brookfield, P. AU - Robertson, J. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Batchelor, T.A., Walker, J.T.S., Manktelow, D.W.L., Park, N.M., Johnson, S.R., New Zealand integrated fruit production for pipfruit - Charting a new course (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 14-19; IPPC, (2014) The use of Integrated Measures in a Systems Approach for Pest Risk Management, p. 40. , FAO, Rome, Italy, IPPC; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Olsson, S., Connolly, P.G., High pressure water-washing to remove pests from capsicums (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 118-122; Kaye-Blake, W., Zuccollo, J., The economic impact of the Apple Futures programme (2012) The New Zealand Association of Economists, p. 15. , Palmerston North, New Zealand; Page-Weir, N.E.M., Jamieson, L.E., Redpath, S.P., Griffin, M.J., Olsson, S.R., Chhagan, A., Biswas, P., Woolf, A.B., High-pressure-washing to manage insect infestations on capsicums (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 348-352; Walker, J.T.S., Park, N.M., Butcher, M.R., Apple Futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production programme (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 282-290; Walker, J.T.S., Wearing, C.H., Bradley, S.J., Shaw, P.W., Burnip, G.M., Tomkins, A.R., Richardson, C., Hodson, A.J., Integrated fruit production (IFP) for New Zealand pipfruit: Evaluation of pest management recommendations (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealnd Plant Protection Conference, pp. 166-172; Woolf, A., McDonald, R., Rogers, D., Olsson, S., Redpath, S., O'Donoghue, E., Cate, L., Mille, C., Advances in application of high pressure washing to enhance market access (2015) Acta Horticulturae, pp. 385-390 PY - 2016 SP - 160-166 ST - Apple washers: Removal of insect pests and contaminants from export apples T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Apple washers: Removal of insect pests and contaminants from export apples UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980395682&partnerID=40&md5=dad3d847cb6baa947375cd006b661d8d VL - 69 ID - 80 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Chorus cicada, Amphipsalta zelandica (Biosduval), is an endemic species of cicada that is a pest of kiwifruit. Adult female cicadas cause damage to kiwifruit canes when egg laying. The oviposition wound often stimulates the local formation of callus tissue in kiwifruit canes. The effect of egg-nest callusing on the proportion of eggs to hatch successfully was investigated as a potential plant resistance trait for selection. The proportion of callus tissue covering the eggnest and the number of eggs hatched were measured from egg-nests in canes of two kiwifruit cultivars, 'Hayward' and 'Zesy002', and stems of 'Hass' avocado. Egg-nests with more callus tissue had reduced egg hatch in both cultivars of kiwifruit and avocado. The host plant also affected egg hatch, with significantly different hatch rates between the two kiwifruit cultivars and avocado at zero percent callusing. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Rowe, C. A. AU - Logan, D. P. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Karban, R., Induced responses of cherry trees to periodical cicada oviposition (1983) Oecologia, 59 (2-3), pp. 226-231; Logan, D., Connolly, P., Cicadas from kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand and identification of their final instar exuviae (Cicadidae: Homoptera) (2005) New Zealand Entomologist, 28 (1), pp. 37-48; Logan, D.P., Hill, M.G., Connolly, P.G., Maher, B.J., Dobson, S.J., Influence of landscape structure on endemic cicadas in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards (2011) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 13, pp. 259-271; Logan, D.P., Rowe, C.A., Maher, B.J., Life history of chorus cicada, an endemic pest of kiwifruit (Cicadidae: Homoptera) (2014) New Zealand Entomologist, 37 (2), pp. 96-106; White, J., Flagging: Host defences versus oviposition strategies in periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp., Cicadidae, Homoptera) (1981) Canadian Entomologist, 113, pp. 727-738; White, J., Lloyd, M., Karban, R., Why don't periodical cicadas normally live in coniferous forests? (1982) Environmental Entomology, 11, pp. 475w-482w PY - 2016 SP - 305-309 ST - Plant callus response to egg-laying by chorus cicada and its effect on egg hatch T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Plant callus response to egg-laying by chorus cicada and its effect on egg hatch UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980329103&partnerID=40&md5=a163a9d330bbbc4a43cd4256f4905c91 VL - 69 ID - 68 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mastrus ridens is a gregarious ectoparasitoid and Liotryphon caudatus is a solitary ectoparasitoid of cocooned codling moth larvae. These two parasitoid species could potentially compete for resources because they oviposit and develop on the same life-stage of their host. Competition experiments in the laboratory showed that females of both species oviposited into host cocoons regardless of previous parasitism, but adults of only one species ever emerged. Liotryphon caudatus larvae were highly aggressive. They preyed upon eggs and larvae of M. ridens, as well as conspecifics, such that only a single adult L. caudatus emerged. Mastrus ridens larvae survived competition with L. caudatus if they had a sufficient time to develop to a size that could attack L. caudatus eggs. However, L. caudatus was often still able to outcompete M. ridens even when M. ridens eggs were laid first. Mastrus ridens hyper-parasitised L. caudatus larvae that had themselves cocooned within the host cocoon, but no parasitoids emerged. Liotryphon caudatus out-competed M. ridens in an enclosed space, but that ability in a natural ecosystem remains to be investigated. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Davis, V. A. AU - Charles, J. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Charles, J.G., Dugdale, J.S., Non-target species selection for host-range testing of Mastrus ridens (2011) New Zealand Entomologist, 34, pp. 45-51; Charles, J.G., Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Host selection behaviour in Mastrus ridens, a gregarious ectoparasitoid of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (2013) Biocontrol, 58, pp. 493-503; Cole, L.M., Walker, J.T.S., The distribution of Liotryphon caudatus, a parasitoid of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in Hawke's Bay apple orchards (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 222-226; Clausen, C.P., (1978) Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: A World Review, , Agricultural Handbook No. 480. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC; Davis, V.A., Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Charles, J.G., (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, p. 319; Devotto, L., Del Valle, C., Ceballos, R., Gerding, M., Biology of Mastrus ridibundus (Gravenhorst), a potential biological control agent for area-wide management of Cydia pomonella (Linneaus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2010) Journal of Applied Entomology, 134, pp. 243-250; Jumean, Z., Jones, E., Gries, G., Does aggregation behavior of codling moth larvae, Cydia pomonella, increase the risk of parasitism by Mastrus ridibundus? (2009) Biological Control, 49, pp. 254-258; Kuhlmann, U., Mills, N.J., Exploring the biodiversity of Central Asia to assess specialized parasitoids for biological control of apple pests in Europe and North America (1999) Integrated Plant Protection in Orchards, 22, pp. 1-6; Liu, W.X., Wang, W.X., Zhang, Y.B., Wang, W., Lu, S.L., Wan, F.H., Adult diet affects the life history and host-killing behavior of a hostfeeding parasitoid (2015) Biological Control, 81, pp. 58-64; Mills, N., Selecting effective parasitoids for biological control introductions: Codling moth as a case study (2005) Biological Control, 34, pp. 274-282; Mills, N.J., Dixon, L., Hanke, R., Buchner, R., (1996) Integrating Parasitism Into Codling Moth Control in Walnuts, pp. 155-163. , University of California Fruit & Nut Research and Information Centre, Davis, USA; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Charles, J.G., Colony optimisation of Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of codling moth in New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 227-234; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Davis, V.A., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P.G., Charles, J.G., Influence of cold storage on survival and fitness of Mastrus ridens, an ectoparasitoid of codling moth (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 197-203; Singh, P., A general purpose laboratory diet mixture for rearing insects (1983) Insect Science Application, 4, pp. 357-362; Wearing, C.H., Charles, J.G., Cydia pomonella (L), codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 161-169. , Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain WP, Thomas WP ed, CAB International, Oxford PY - 2016 SP - 310-317 ST - Interspecific competition between Mastrus ridens and Liotryphon caudatus, ectoparasitoids of codling moth Cydia pomonella T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Interspecific competition between Mastrus ridens and Liotryphon caudatus, ectoparasitoids of codling moth Cydia pomonella UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980378956&partnerID=40&md5=9530c8fbf2226326e22406f9a2af1541 VL - 69 ID - 55 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fungus Neonectria ditissima can cause European canker in apple nursery trees. In this study, ten treatments of 'EMLA 9' rootstocks budded with 'Royal Gala' were examined, 5 and 15 months after budding and inoculation with conidia of N. ditissima (2×105 conidia/ml). Treatments included combinations of five budding tapes, two budding methods and three fungicidal treatments. Fifteen months after inoculation, all T-budded trees had died. Chipbudded trees inoculated after tying with either Flexiband type C or plastic pre-cut strips displayed significantly more canker (21% and 22%, respectively) than those tied with Buddy tape (11%, P<0.001). Of the uninoculated trees, 9% displayed canker symptoms, because either the budding wounds were infected by natural inoculum, or the infection was present in the scion or rootstock before budding. Treating buds with tebuconazole/carbendazim reduced canker symptoms significantly (2%, P<0.001). Calcium hydroxide also reduced canker symptoms (5%). Pyraclostrobin/boscalid did not reduce canker incidence. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Stevenson, O. D. AU - Hedderley, D. I. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Fisher, B., Walter, M., Frijters, L., Scheper, R.W.A., Using hot water disinfection treatment to eliminate Neonectria ditissima latent infections in apple budwood (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, p. 221; Heijne, B., De Jong, P.F., Wenneker, M., Jansonius, P.J., Slaked lime against European fruit tree canker: Efficacy and introduction into practice (2005) 15th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Researching Sustainable Systems, pp. 142-245. , Adelaide, Australia; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Langrell, S.R.H., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; Scheper, R.W.A., Stevenson, O.D., Beresford, R.M., Protecting wounds from European canker (Neonectria galligena) infection of apple in winter and autumn (2008) 9th International Congress of Plant Pathology, p. S2368. , Turin, Italy; Walter, M., Roy, S., Fisher, B.M., Mackle, L., Amponsah, N.T., Curnow, T., Campbell, R.E., Scheper, R.W.A., How many conidia are required for wound infection by Neonectria ditissima? (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, p. 238 PY - 2016 SP - 207-212 ST - Protection of budding wounds in apple nursery trees from European canker T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Protection of budding wounds in apple nursery trees from European canker UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980327837&partnerID=40&md5=22ca0355738fa6fd7e4944b972224d89 VL - 69 ID - 67 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A field spray trial and laboratory bioassay on the residual activity of indoxacarb (Avaunt®) against Fuller's rose weevil (FRW, Naupactus cervinus) were carried out. Plots in a block of 'Cox's Orange Pippin' apples with FRW were sprayed with indoxacarb by airblast sprayer in November or mid-December 2014. There were no significant differences between the indoxacarb treatments, but both treatments significantly reduced feeding damage on leaves compared with damage in untreated plots. In a bioassay to assess residual activity of indoxacarb, FRW on treated apple leaves ceased feeding and became moribund or died up to 98 days after the spray application. FRW exposed to treated leaves ceased feeding earlier and died sooner than on untreated leaves. Indoxacarb is registered for use in pipfruit to control leafroller and codling moth, but does not have a label claim in New Zealand for use against FRW. These results indicate the potential effectiveness of indoxacarb against FRW. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Shaw, P. W. AU - Wallis, D. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alonso-Zarazagra, M.A., Lyal, C.H.C., (1990) A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae), , Entomopraxis, Sociedad Civil Particular S. C. P; Chadwick, C.E., A review of Fuller's rose beetle (1965) Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 101, pp. 1-5; Dinter, A., Wiles, J.A., Safety of the new DuPont insecticide "Indoxacarb" to beneficial arthropods: An overview (2000) Integrated Control in Viticulture, IOBC/wprs Bulletin, 22 (9), pp. 149-156; Ferro, D.N., (1976) New Zealand Insect Pests, p. 47. , Lincoln University College of Agriculture, Canterbury, New Zealand; Masaki, M., Kadoi, M., Host plants of Pantomorus cervinus (Boheman), and relationship between fecundity or longevity and its host plants (1997) Research Bulletin of the Plant Protection Service, 33, pp. 1-6. , Japan; May, B., (1979) Fuller's Rose Weevil Asynonychus Cervinus (Boheman) life-cycle, , DSIR Information Series No. 105/30; May, B., (1993) Fauna of New Zealand 28. Larvae of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera): A Systematic Overview, 226p. , Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury; Michaud, J.P., Grant, A.K., IPM-compatibility of foliar insecticides for citrus: Indices derived from toxicity to beneficial insects from four orders (2003) Journal of Insect Science, 3 (18), pp. 1-10; Rogers, D.J., Sharma, N., Stretton, D.C., Walker, J.T.S., Toxicity of pesticides to Aphelinus Mali, the parasitoid of woolly apple aphid (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 235-240; Rogers, D.J., Lo, P.L., Walker, J.T.S., Vulnerability of pest management in New Zealand apples: Pesticide toxicity to Aphelinus Mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 299-305; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Susceptibility of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia, to insecticide residues on apple leaves (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 55-59 PY - 2016 SP - 278-284 ST - Assessment of indoxacarb for control of Fuller's rose weevil (Naupactus cervinus) in New Zealand apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Assessment of indoxacarb for control of Fuller's rose weevil (Naupactus cervinus) in New Zealand apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980401190&partnerID=40&md5=b18f9163121a5b4892335e6acefe4ed3 VL - 69 ID - 42 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a problematic weed, particularly in permanent pastures. The fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has potential as a bioherbicide to control this weed, but its variable efficacy in historical field trials suggest that there are differences in susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum within the species. To test this hypothesis, the responses of 32 New Zealand provenances of C. arvense to a foliage-applied mycelium-on-barley preparation of S. sclerotiorum were compared under common conditions. Significant differences between provenances were found, supporting the hypothesis that there is variation within C. arvense in New Zealand in its susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum. Further work will examine differences in the efficacy of fungal isolates against different C. arvense provenances. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Smith, B. AU - Casonato, S. G. AU - Noble, A. AU - Bourdôt, G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bourdôt, G.W., Harvey, I.C., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Demographic and Biomass Production Consequences of Inundative Treatment of Cirsium arvense with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (1995) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 5, pp. 11-26; Bourdôt, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Wounding of Cirsium arvense enhances the efficacy of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a mycoherbicide (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 292-297; Bourdôt, G.W., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Frequency of occurrence and ground cover of Cirsium arvense on pastoral farms in New Zealand: A farmer opinion survey (2014) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 57, pp. 1-13; Bourdôt, G.W., Leathwick, D.M., Hurrell, G.A., Longevity of Californian thistle roots (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 258-261; Cripps, M.G., Gassmann, A., Fowler, S.V., Bourdôt, G.W., McClay, A.S., Edwards, G.R., Classical Biological Control of Cirsium arvense: Lessons from the Past (2011) Biological Control, 57, pp. 165-174; Houliston, G.J., Goeke, D.F., (2015) Cirsium Genetics in New Zealand: Initial Report for AgResearch Undermining Weeds Subcontract, , AgResearch; Hurrell, G.A., Bourdôt, G.W., Saville, D., Effect of application time on the efficacy of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as a mycoherbicide for Cirsium arvense control in pasture (2001) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 11, pp. 317-330 PY - 2016 SP - 258-262 ST - Californian thistle and its variable response to the biological control agent, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Californian thistle and its variable response to the biological control agent, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980350765&partnerID=40&md5=a8d13b8224b5e6a461d9e77489f38716 VL - 69 ID - 69 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In total, 3053 contributions consisting of papers, research notes and poster abstracts to the New Zealand Plant Protection Society from 1976 to 2015 were analysed for research and authorship trends. The mean number of authors per paper per year increased from 1.8 to 4.3 over this period and institutional collaboration was increasingly common. Proportionally, there was a steady decrease in weed contributions and an increase in those featuring plant pathogens. Control measures shifted from largely chemical solutions for single weed species to more integrated management programmes. The number of papers on weed, pest or disease biology, incidence, spread and impact were fairly constant over this period. The scope of research widened considerably from a largely pastoral and arable focus to include environmental weeds and border biosecurity. Topical research findings and review papers highlight the responsiveness of the plant protection research community to emerging novel issues. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Stewart, T. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Adams, J., Collaborations: The rise of research networks (2012) Nature, 490, pp. 335-336; Anonymous, (2016) Biosecurity Act 1993, , http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0095/latest/DLM314623.html, accessed May, 2015; Berelson, B., (1952) Content Analysis in Communications Research, 220p. , Free Press, Glencoe, IL; Leydesdorff, L., Wagner, C.S., (2008) International Collaboration in Science and the Formation of a Core Group. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (4), pp. 317-325; Popay, A.J., The history of Plant Protection in New Zealand: A survey of conference proceedings (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 344-354; Popay, A.J., McNeill, M.R., Goldson, S.L., Ferguson, C.M., The current status of Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) as a pest in the North Island in New Zealand (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 55-63; QSR International 2016, , http://www.qsrinternational.com/product/nvivo11-for-windows, Nvivo 11 for Windows, accessed 17th May, 2016; Stejskal, A., Aulicky, R., Scientometrical analysis of the journal plant protection science in 1950-2002 (2003) Plant Protection Science, 39 (3), pp. 109-115; Taylor, C., Gibbs, G.R., (2010) How and What to Code, 68, pp. 282-290. , http://onlineqda.hud.ac.uk/IntroQDA/howwhattocode.php, accessed 15th April, 2015. Walker JTS, Park NM, Butcher MR 2015. Apple Futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production program. New Zealand Plant Protection PY - 2016 SP - 39-47 ST - Research focus and authorship trends over 40 years of publications by New Zealand Plant Protection T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Research focus and authorship trends over 40 years of publications by New Zealand Plant Protection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980335884&partnerID=40&md5=c20000c90b5df29f1d31b90736d48c55 VL - 69 ID - 70 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Weed ingress was assessed monthly over four years in a total of six swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) to which were added a legume (2 species mix), legume and forage herbs (4 species mix), or legumes + herbs + other grasses (8 species mix). Unsown species (weeds) present were from 13 families, of which Asteraceae was the most abundant. Asteraceae species increased from <1% to 18% of total basal cover in ryegrass-based swards and from <1% to 14% in tall fescue-based swards over the study period. Asteraceae reached 81% of total weed basal cover in perennial ryegrass- and 82% in tall fescue-based swards in the final year. While the basal cover of total unsown species was lower in perennial ryegrass-than tall fescue-based swards in the first three years of the study, increasing the number of sown species (from a 2-species to an 8-species mix) had little effect on the ingress of Asteraceae or other weed species. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tozer, K. N. AU - Minnee, E. M. K. AU - Greenfield, R. M. AU - Cameron, C. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anon, (2012) DairyNZ Pasture Renewal Guide, p. 32. , DairyNZ, New Zealand; Bourdôt, G.W., Fowler, S.V., Edwards, G.R., Kriticos, D.J., Kean, J.M., Rahman, A., Parsons, A.J., Pastoral weeds in New Zealand: Status and potential solutions (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 139-161; Briske, D.D., Strategies of plant survival in grazed systems: A functional interpretation (1996) The Ecology and Management of Grazing Systems, pp. 37-67. , Hodgson J, Illius AW ed, CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK; Easton, H.S., Lee, C.K., Fitzgerald, R.D., Tall fescue in Australia and New Zealand (1994) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 37, pp. 405-417; Fraser, T.J., Persistence of dryland pasture species in mixed swards in Canterbury (1994) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 56, pp. 77-79; Kelly, S., Smith, E., Pasture renewal in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions: An overview of farmer practice, experience and attitudes (2011) Pasture Persistence - Grassland Research and Practice Series, 15, pp. 21-24; Pembleton, K.G., Tozer, K.N., Edwards, G.R., Jacobs, J.L., Turner, L.R., Simple versus diverse pastures: Opportunities and challenges in dairy systems (2015) Animal Production Science, 55, pp. 893-901; Rollo, M.D., Sheath, G.W., Slay, M.W.A., Knight, T.L., Judd, T.G., Thomson, N.A., Tall fescue and chicory for increased summer forage production (1999) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 60, pp. 249-253; Stiles, S., Singleton, P., The distribution of soils on the AgResearch farm at Newstead, Hamilton (1997) AgResearch Internal Report, 60p; Thom, E.R., Waugh, C.D., McCabe, R.J., Growth and persistence of perennial and hybrid ryegrasses when grazed by dairy cows in the central Waikato region of New Zealand (1998) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 41, pp. 477-486; Tozer, K.N., Cameron, C.A., Thom, E.R., Pasture persistence: Farmer observations and field measurements (2011) Pasture Persistence - Grassland Research and Practice Series, 15, pp. 25-30; Woodward, S.L., Waugh, C.D., Roach, C.G., Fynn, D., Phillips, J., Are diverse species mixtures better pastures for dairy farming? (2013) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 75, pp. 79-84; Zydenbos, S.M., Barratt, B.I.P., Bell, N.L., Ferguson, C.M., Gerard, P.J., McNeill, M.R., Phillips, C.B., Jackson, T.A., The impact of insect pests on pasture persistence and their interrelationship with biotic and abiotic factors (2011) Pasture Persistence - Grassland Research and Practice Series, 15, pp. 109-118 PY - 2016 SP - 263-269 ST - Weed ingress in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus)-based swards under dairy grazing T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Weed ingress in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus)-based swards under dairy grazing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980372030&partnerID=40&md5=329686f457bfe10f67caa9313ae06222 VL - 69 ID - 54 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In New Zealand, the causal agent of kiwifruit canker, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), can survive in overwintered kiwifruit plant debris on the orchard floor at least until spring. This study used trap plates and trap plants to determine the importance of fallen leaves and winter prunings on the orchard floor as inoculum sources. Trap plates were positioned 15, 50 and 100 cm above the debris. Psa was detected only when the plates were exposed during rain events and was found to be splashed upwards in small amounts from the debris during rain. Leaf lesions developed only on the trap plants exposed during the first week of the 20-week trial. In this trial, there is some evidence that plant debris is not a significant inoculum source and would not have posed a major risk for re-infection of any surrounding kiwifruit vines at the time of budburst in spring. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Curtis, C. L. AU - Manning, M. A. AU - Dobson, S. J. AU - McKenna, C. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aguín, O., Ares, A., Abelleira, A., Mansilla, P., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in leaf-litter of Actinidia deliciosa in Galicia (Northwest Spain) (2015) Acta Horticulturae, 1095, pp. 111-115; Anthony, R.M., Brown, T.J., French, G.L., Rapid diagnosis of bacteremia by universal amplification of 23S ribosomal DNA followed by hybridization to oligonucleotide array (2000) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, pp. 781-788; Bhat, N.A., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans - Incitant of angular leaf spot of cucumber under temperate conditions of Kashmir valley (2009) Indian Phytopathology, 62, pp. 429-434; Curtis, C.L., Tyson, J.L., Dobson, S.J., Manning, M.A., Capture of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in rain splash in a New Zealand kiwifruit orchard (2013) The 19th Australasian Plant Pathology Conference, p. 151. , Abstr; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Hollaway, G.J., Bretag, T.W., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in soil and on pea trash and their importance as a source of inoculum for a following field pea crop (1997) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 37, pp. 369-375; Latorre, B.A., Jones, A.L., Evaluation of weeds and plant refuse as potential sources of inoculum of Pseudomonas syringae in bacterial canker of cherry (1979) Phytopathology, 69, pp. 22-25; Malvick, D.K., Moore, L.W., Survival and dispersal of a marked strain of Pseudomonas syringae in a maple nursery (1988) Plant Pathology, 37, pp. 573-580; Mohan, S.K., Schaad, N.W., An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and P. s. pv. phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed (1987) Phytopathology, 77, pp. 1390-1395; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 453-464; Tyson, J.L., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., (2013) Proof of Concept - Capture of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Actinidiae from the Air in Symptomatic Kiwifruit Orchards. A Report Prepared for ZESPRI® Group Limited, 3p. , Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Tyson, J.L., Rees-George, J., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., Fullerton, R.A., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 25-28 PY - 2016 SP - 11-16 ST - Preliminary investigations of the risk of plant debris as a Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae inoculum source T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Preliminary investigations of the risk of plant debris as a Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae inoculum source UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980370579&partnerID=40&md5=36dc20ef5d0d61a447e9740b7c819aad VL - 69 ID - 53 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Soil cores removed after harvest of a wheat crop infected with the fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), were amended with nitrogen and fungal saprophytes to increase decay of crop residues and subsequently reduce soil inoculum. The cores were treated with one application of 50 kg nitrogen (N) per ha, Trichoderma strains, or both. Cores were assessed 0, 2, 4 and 7 months after harvest. At 7 months, the crop residues had decayed to a third of their original mass, with the decay not influenced by the treatments. DNA analysis confirmed Ggt DNA was present in the stubble stems, crowns and roots. The pathogenicity of Ggt was increased by N, as shown by a 5 to 8-fold increase in take-all severity in indicator wheat seedlings planted in the N-treated cores 2 to 4 months after harvest, compared with those without N. Ggt remained viable in all treatments to infect wheat seedlings 7 months after harvest. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Van Toor, R. F. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Braithwaite, M. AU - Bienkowski, D. AU - Qiu, W. AU - Chng, S. F. AU - Cromey, M. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, D.J., Gilligan, C.A., Dynamics of primary and secondary infection in take-all epidemics (1999) Phytopathology, 89, pp. 84-91; Bauer, J., Kirschbaum, M.U.F., Weihermueller, L., Huisman, J.A., Herbst, M., Vereecken, H., Temperature response of wheat decomposition is more complex than the common approaches of most multi-pool models (2008) Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 40, pp. 2780-2786; Bithell, S.L., McLachlan, A.R.G., Hide, C.C.L., McKay, A., Cromey, M.G., Changes in post-harvest levels of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici inoculum in wheat fields (2009) Australasian Plant Pathology, 38, pp. 277-283; Chng, S.F., Cromey, M.G., Butler, R.C., Mycoflora of rhizomes and roots of Elytrigia repens, a potential inoculum source for takeall in wheat (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 59-66; Chng, S.F., Cromey, M.G., Butler, R.C., Evaluation of the susceptibility of various grass species to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 261-267; Cook, R.J., Take-all of wheat (2003) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 62, pp. 73-86; Cookson, W.R., Beare, M.H., Wilson, P.E., Effects of prior crop residue management on microbial properties and crop residue decomposition (1998) Applied Soil Ecology, 7, pp. 179-188; Curtin, D., Francis, G.S., McCallum, F.M., Decomposition rate of cereal straw as affected by soil placement (2008) Australian Journal of Soil Research, 46, pp. 152-160; Douglas, C.L., Rickman, R.W., Estimating crop residue decomposition from air-temperature, initial nitrogen-content, and residue placement (1992) Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, pp. 272-278; Fraser, P.M., Williams, P.H., Haynes, R.J., Earthworm species, population size and biomass under different cropping systems across the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand (1996) Applied Soil Ecology, 3, pp. 49-57; Fraser, P.M., Curtin, D., Harrison-Kirk, T., Meenken, E.D., Beare, M.H., Tabley, F., Gillespie, R.N., Francis, G.S., Winter nitrate leaching under different tillage and winter cover crop management practices (2013) Soil Science Society of America Journal, 77, pp. 1391-1401; Harbridge, J., (2007) Determination of Ammonia (Salicylcate) in 2M KCl Soil Extracts by Flow Injection Analysis (High Throughput), Lachat QuikChem Method 12-107-06-2-F, , Lachat Instruments, CO, USA; Harbridge, J., (2007) Determination of Nitrate in 2M KCl Soil Extracts by Flow Injection Analysis, Lachat QuikChem Method 12-107-04-1-J, , Lachat Instruments, CO, USA; Hornby, D., Inoculum (1981) Biology and Control of Takeall, pp. 271-293. , Asher MJC, Shipton PJ eds, Academic Press, London, C272, C275, C276; Hornby, D., Bateman, G.L., Gutteridge, R.J., Ward, E., Yarham, D., (1998) Take-all Disease of Cereals: A Regional Perspective, 384p. , CAB International, UK; Hume, E.A., Horrocks, A.J., Fraser, P.M., Curtin, D., Meenken, E.D., Chng, S., Beare, M.H., Alleviation of take-all in wheat by the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny) (2015) Applied Soil Ecology, 90, pp. 18-25; Kain, W.M., Young, J., I. A soil sampler suitable for sampling pastureland (1975) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3, pp. 177-180; Keenan, S., Cromey, M.G., Harrow, S.A., Bithell, S.L., Butler, R.C., Beard, S.S., Pitman, A.R., Quantitative PCR to detect Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in symptomatic and nonsymptomatic wheat roots (2015) Australasian Plant Pathology, 44, pp. 591-597; Keeney, D.R., Nelson, D.W., Nitrogen - Inorganic forms (1982) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, pp. 643-709. , Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR eds, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA; Lee, Y., Nelder, J.A., Pawitan, Y., (2006) Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis Via H-likelihood: Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, V. 106, 416p. , Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, pp. 511 and xix. , Chapman & Hall, London; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), (2016) The National Climate Database, , http://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/pls/niwp/wgenf.genform1, 24 March 2016; Schon, N., (2016) The Great Kiwi Earthworm, , http://agpest.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/EARTHWORM-ID-BROCHURE-Jan2016.pdf, 08 April 2016; Sharma, B.L., Singh, S.P., Sharma, M.L., Biodegradation of crop residues by Trichoderma species vis-a vis nutrient quality of the prepared compost (2012) Sugar Tech, 14, pp. 174-180; Van Toor, R.F., Butler, R.C., Chng, S.F., Cromey, M.G., Rate of decomposition and decline in inoculum of wheat crop residues infected with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (2016) Australasian Plant Pathology, , in prep; Van Toor, R.F., Bithell, S.L., Chng, S.F., McKay, A., Cromey, M.G., Impact of cereal rotation strategies on soil inoculum concentrations and wheat take-all (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 204-213; Yarham, D.J., Practical aspects of epidemiology and control (1981) Biology and Control of Takeall, pp. 353-384. , Asher MJC, Shipton PJ eds, Academic Press, London; Yu, Y., Xie, Y., Huang, L., Kang, Z., Effects of different combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources in MS medium on activities of extracellular beta-1, 3-glucanase produced by take-all pathogen (2007) Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition, 35, pp. 110-114 PY - 2016 SP - 111-119 ST - Pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici increased by nitrogen applied to soil to enhance the decomposition rate of wheat residues T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici increased by nitrogen applied to soil to enhance the decomposition rate of wheat residues UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980332187&partnerID=40&md5=dff9899f96a62b2ba58bd0a09f525290 VL - 69 ID - 82 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A series of experiments, using potted plants in a glasshouse, detached laterals in the laboratory and trees in the field, were undertaken to study wound size and number of Neonectria ditissima conidia required to produce European canker infections on freshly-made branch wounds in the apple cultivars 'Royal Gala' and 'Scilate'. The wound types were needle and pin injuries, rasp wounds and pruning cuts. Spore concentrations from 102 to 106 conidia/ml, and two inoculation methods (droplet and mist), were used. Disease expression varied for the different assay types, probably due to the conduciveness for infection of the different incubation conditions. Overall, there was little effect on pathogen colonisation and lesion development based on injury type, inoculation method or spore concentration >103 conidia/ml. For freshly-made wounds, such as pruning cuts or rasp wounds, only three conidia were required for infection initiation in the glasshouse under highly conducive conditions, 12 conidia in the laboratory on detached shoots, and 10 to 30 conidia in the field. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walter, M. AU - Roy, S. AU - Fisher, B. M. AU - Mackle, L. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Curnow, T. AU - Campbell, R. E. AU - Braun, P. AU - Reineke, A. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Scheper, R.W.A., Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Beresford, R.M., Scheper, R.W.A., Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 250-256; Atkinson, J.D., (1971) Diseases of Tree Fruits in New Zealand, , Wellington, New Zealand, A. R. Shearer, Govt Printer; Beresford, R.M., Kim, K.S., Identification of regional climatic conditions favorable for development of European canker of apple (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 135-146; Crowdy, S.H., Observations on apple canker IV: The infection of leaf scars (1952) Annals of Applied Biology, 39, pp. 569-580; Dubin, H.J., English, H., Factors affecting apple leaf scar infection by Nectria ditissima conidia (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 1201-1203; English, H., Dubin, H.J., Schick, F.J., Chemical control of European canker of apple (1979) Plant Disease Reporter, 63 (12), pp. 998-1002; Latorre, B.A., Rioja, M.E., Lillo, C., Muñoz, M., The effect of temperature and wetness duration on infection and a warning system for European canker (Nectria galligena) of apple in Chile (2002) Crop Protection, 21, pp. 285-291; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Langrell, S.R.H., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52 (5), pp. 553-566; Scheper, R.W.A., Fisher, B.M., Comparing methods to determine European canker resistance in apple tree accessions (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 280; Scheper, R.W.A., Stevenson, O.D., Beresford, R.M., Protecting wounds from European canker (Neonectria ditissima) infection of apple in winter and autumn (2008) 9th International Congress of Plant Pathology, p. S2368. , Porta-Puglia A, Gonthier P ed, Turin, Italy, Journal of Plant Pathology; Swinburne, T.R., The seasonal release of spores of Nectria galligena from apple cankers in Northern Ireland (1971) Annals of Applied Biology, 69, pp. 97-104; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (Nectria galligena) (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Weber, R.W.S., Biology and control of the apple canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. galligena) from a Northwestern European perspective (2014) Erwerbs-obstbau; Xu, X., Butt, D.J., Tests of fungicides for postgermination activity against Nectria galligena, causal agent of canker and fruit rot of apple (1996) Crop Protection, 15 (6), pp. 513-519; Xu, X., Butt, D.J., Ridout, M.S., The effects of inoculum dose, duration of wet period, temperature and wound age on infection by Nectria galligena of pruning wounds on apple (1998) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104 (5), pp. 511-519 PY - 2016 SP - 238-245 ST - How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by Neonectria ditissima? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by Neonectria ditissima? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980368693&partnerID=40&md5=e5322be88b023906e673d367b7a8eaa5 VL - 69 ID - 51 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens are soil-inhabiting plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) linked with suppression of take-all of wheat, a soilborne disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). PGPR increase plant growth by direct stimulation, producing metabolites (such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, 2,4-DAPG) to inhibit plant pathogens, or by inducing host defence mechanisms. Forty-three New Zealand P. fluorescens isolates collected from wheat rhizospheres of different cropping histories, were characterised for secondary metabolite production using biochemical assays and PCR analysis. Their ability to inhibit the growth of Ggt was determined in dual plate assays. All of the bacterial isolates produced siderophores, and 10 isolates produced hydrogen cyanide (HCN). However, none of the isolates produced indole acetic acid, and the phlD gene responsible for the production of 2,4-DAPG was not detected. Isolates that showed at least 60% inhibition of Ggt growth were found to produce either HCN or high levels of siderophore. The results suggest HCN and siderophores could play a role in suppressing Ggt and managing take-all in New Zealand. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Warren, R. M. AU - Chng, S. F. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alexander, D.B., Zuberer, D.A., Use of chrome azurol S reagents to evaluate siderophore production by rhizosphere bacteria (1991) Biology and Fertility of Soils, 12, pp. 39-45; Chng, S.F., Cromey, M.G., Butler, R.C., Evaluation of the susceptibility of various grass species to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 261-267; Chng, S., Cromey, M.G., Dodd, S.L., Stewart, A., Butler, R.C., Jaspers, M.V., Take-all decline in New Zealand wheat soils and the microorganisms associated with the potential mechanisms of disease suppression (2015) Plant and Soil, 397, pp. 239-259; Clarke, P.H., Cowan, S.T., Biochemical methods for bacteriology (1952) Journal of General Microbiology, 6, pp. 187-197; Cook, R.J., Take-all of wheat (2003) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 62, pp. 73-86; Cook, R.J., Management of resident plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria with the cropping system: A review of experience in the US Pacific Northwest (2007) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 119, pp. 255-264; Dalefield, R.R., Rapid method for the detection of cyanide gas release from plant material using CYANTESMO paper (2000) Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 42, pp. 356-357; Hornby, D., Bateman, G.L., Gutteridge, R.J., Ward, E., Yarham, D., (1998) Take-all Disease of Cereals: A Regional Perspective, 384p. , CAB International, UK; Kim, J.-S., Mele, P.M., Crowley, D.E., Application of PCR primer sets for detection of Pseudomonas sp. functional genes in the plant rhizosphere (2013) Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2, pp. 8-15; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, E.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Lane, D.J., 16S/23S rRNA sequencing (1991) Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, pp. 115-175. , Stackebrandt E, Goodfellow M eds, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY; Lelliott, R.A., Billing, E., Hayward, A.C., A determinative scheme for the fluorescent plant pathogenic Pseudomonads (1966) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 29, pp. 470-489; Mazzola, M., Funnell, D.L., Raaijmakers, J.M., Wheat cultivar-specific selection of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas species from resident soil populations (2004) Microbial Ecology, 48, pp. 338-348; Pal, K.K., McSpadden Gardener, B., Biological control of plant pathogens (2006) The Plant Health Instructor, 25p; Raaijmakers, J.M., Weller, D.M., Thomashow, L.S., Frequency of antibiotic-producing Pseudomonas spp. in natural environments (1997) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63, pp. 881-887; Scarpellini, M., Franzetti, L., Galli, A., Development of PCR assay to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens and its biotype (2004) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 236, pp. 257-260; Schwyn, B., Neilands, J.B., Universay chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores (1987) Analytical Biochemistry, 160, pp. 47-56; Thomashow, L.S., Weller, D.M., Bonsall, R.F., Pierson, L.S., III, Production of the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid by fluorescent Pseudomonas species in the rhizosphere of wheat (1990) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56, pp. 908-912; Thomashow, L.S., Bangera, M.G., Bonsall, R.F., Kim, D.S., Raaijmakers, J., Weller, D.M., 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol, a key antibiotic in soilborne pathogen suppression by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp (1996) Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions, pp. 469-474; Vellore, J.M., (2001) Iron Aquisition in Rhodococcus Erythrolpolis: The Isolation of Mutant (s) That Do Not Produce a Siderophore, 63p. , Thesis. East Tennessee State University; Voisard, C., Keel, C., Haas, D., Defago, G., Cyanide production by Pseudomonas fluorescens helps suppress black root rot of tobacco under gnotobiotic conditions (1989) EMBO Journal, 8, pp. 351-358; Weller, D.M., Raaijmakers, J.M., Gardener, B.B.M., Thomashow, L.S., Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens (2002) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40, p. 309; Zhang, Q., Xiao, Q., Xu, J., Tong, Y., Wen, J., Chen, X., Wei, L., Effect of retS gene on antibiotics production in Pseudomonas fluorescens FD6 (2015) Microbiological Research, 180, pp. 23-29 PY - 2016 SP - 48-56 ST - Functional characteristics of New Zealand wheat rhizosphere Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates and their potential to inhibit in-vitro growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Functional characteristics of New Zealand wheat rhizosphere Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates and their potential to inhibit in-vitro growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980416243&partnerID=40&md5=d2a3e866cd5fc16abd0734e50facb9ca VL - 69 ID - 77 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New Zealand's increasing trade and tourism with Asia, and especially China, brings with it the need to understand the biosecurity risk to New Zealand from these countries. This study compared the number of articles on two Chinese horticultural pests and two Chinese horticultural plant pathogens, both of biosecurity relevance for New Zealand, which were extracted using web-based searches conducted on two international and three Chinese databases. There were up to 35 times more articles found in Chinese databases searched with Chinese characters than found in international databases searched with Latin script. The quality of information from the articles in any of these databases was not examined. Based on these results, it would be prudent to explore further the information found in Chinese articles stored in Chinese databases to determine their relevance to New Zealand's biosecurity system. Searching Chinese databases with Chinese characters, in combination with the more usual searches in international databases, might ensure a more comprehensive coverage and could help to reduce the biosecurity risk to New Zealand in the future. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Xu, B. AU - Shaw, N. AU - Gee, M. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Balk, E.M., Chung, M., Hadar, N., Patel, K., Yu, W.W., Trikalinos, T.A., Chang, L.K.W., Accuracy of data extraction of non-english language trials with google translate [Internet] (2012) Methods Research Reports, , Rockville MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality US; Biosecurity New Zealand, (2009) Import Risk Analysis: Onion (Allium Cepa Liliaceae) Fresh Bulbs for Consumption from China, 275p. , MAF Biosecurity, Wellington, New Zealand; Biosecurity New Zealand, (2009) Import Risk Analysis: Pears (Pyrus Bretschneideri, Pyrus Pyrifolia, and Pyrus Sp. Nr. Communis) Fresh Fruit from China: Final, 454p. , MAF Biosecurity, Wellington, New Zealand; Biosecurity New Zealand, (2009) Import Risk Analysis: Table Grapes (Vitis Vinifera) from China: Final, 314p. , MAF Biosecurity, Wellington, New Zealand; Chu, C., Nakazawa, T., Kurohashi, S., Chinese characters mapping table of Japanese, traditional Chinese and simplified Chinese (2012) LREC, pp. 2149-2152; CNKI, (1996) China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, , http://oversea.cnki.net, accessed January 2016; Cohen, J.F., Korevaar, D.A., Wang, J., Spijker, R., Bossuyt, P.M., Should we search Chinese biomedical databases when performing systematic reviews? (2015) Systematic Reviews, 4, p. 23; CSCD, (1997) Chinese Science Citation Database, , http://sciencechina.cn/indexmore1.jsp, accessed January 2016; Dong, X.L., Li, B.H., Zhang, Z.F., Li, B.D., Xu, X.M., Effect of environmental conditions on germination and survival of teliospores and basidiospores of the pear rust fungus (Gymnosporangium asiaticum) (2006) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 115, pp. 341-350; Falagas, M.E., Pitsouni, E.I., Malietzis, G.A., Pappas, G., Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, web of science, and Google scholar: Strengths and weaknesses (2008) The FASEB Journal, 22, pp. 338-342; Goldson, S.L., Bourdôt, G.W., Brockerhoff, E.G., Byrom, A.E., Clout, M.N., McGlone, M.S., Nelson, W.A., Templeton, M.D., New Zealand pest management: Current and future challenges (2015) Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand; Nimmo-Bell, (2009) Economic Costs of Pests to New Zealand, 80p. , MAF Biosecurity, Wellington, New Zealand; PRISMA, (2005) PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram, , http://prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%202009%20flow%20diagram.pdf, accessed April 2016; SCImago, (2015) SCImago Journal and Country Rankings, , http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php, accessed January 2016; Stapleton, P., (2015) China Must Unblock Google Scholar and Keep the Internet Open for its Researchers, , http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1883500/china-must-unblock-google-scholar-andkeep-internet-open-itsresearchers, accessed April 2016; Statistics New Zealand, (2015) Global New Zealand - International Trade, Investment, and Travel Profile: Year Ended December 2014, , http://www.stats.govt.nz/browseforstats/industrysectors/importsandexports/global-nz-dec-14/key-points.aspx, accessed January 2016; Tourism New Zealand, (2015) Markets and Stats, , http://www.tourismnewzealand.com/markets-stats, accessed January 2016; VIP, (1989) VIP Journal Integration Platform VJIP, , http://lib.cqvip.com, accessed January 2016; Wanfang, (1999) Cross Database Search, , http://www.wanfangdata.com/dbsearch.asp, accessed January 2016; Wang, P., Wu, Y., (2008) Comparison of Three Key Chinese Digital Databases: Strengths and Weaknesses, (5), pp. 88-89; Zheng, Y., Duan, X., Cui, X., Sun, Y., Yang, X., Spatial distribution pattern and sampling method of pear rust spot on leaves (2013) Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 41, pp. 80-83; Ziller, W., Pear rust (Gymnosporangium fuscum) in North America (1961) Plant Disease Reporter, 45 (2), pp. 90-94 PY - 2016 SP - 176-185 ST - A quantitative comparison of articles on two pests and two pathogens of biosecurity risk to New Zealand extracted from international and Chinese databases T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A quantitative comparison of articles on two pests and two pathogens of biosecurity risk to New Zealand extracted from international and Chinese databases UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980378778&partnerID=40&md5=981c1f4eae056e7bc2d4afc78c4fc23a VL - 69 ID - 61 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The bacterial biocontrol agent, Serratia entomophila, and the insecticide diazinon, were applied as separate granular formulations with ryegrass seed and compared with a seed-only control treatment on three pastures of different ages and composition on the North Island volcanic plateau. In the first 2 years, diazinon and S. entomophila significantly reduced healthy grass grub populations compared with the control. However, by the third year populations in the diazinon treatments had recovered and were significantly higher than in S. entomophila or control plots. Grass grub populations were reduced by disease outbreaks after S. entomophila was applied, which infected >40% of grass grub larvae in the treated plots in year two. Bacterial extraction from soil a year after application confirmed establishment and persistence of S. entomophila in treated plots. Visual positive pasture growth responses were noted in both the S. entomophila- and diazinon-treated plots. © 2016 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Zydenbos, S. M. AU - Townsend, R. J. AU - Lane, P. M. S. AU - Mansfield, S. AU - O'Callaghan, M. AU - Van Koten, C. AU - Jackson, T. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: AgPest, (2016) Grass-grub, Brown Beetle Larvae Scientific Name: Costelytra Zealandica, , http://agpest.co.nz/?pesttypes=grass-grub-brownbeetle-larvae, accessed 12 May 2016; Chapman, R.B., Jackson, T.A., Implications of registered insecticide reassessment for pasture pest management (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 272. , Abstract only; East, R., Kain, W.M., Prediction of grass grub, Costelytra zealandica, (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) populations (1982) New Zealand Entomologist, 7, pp. 222-226; Environmental Protection Authority, (2016) Hazardous Substances Update: April 2016, , http://www.epa.govt.nz/news/news/Pages/Read-the-Hazardous-Substances-Update-April-2016.aspx, accessed 12 May 2016; Fraser, T.J., Dennis, S., Moss, R.A., Tozer, K.N., Stocker, N.R., Taylor, A.L., Faville, M.J., Smith, C., (2011) Long Term Effect of Superphosphate Fertilisers on Pasture Persistence. Pasture Persistence Symposium, pp. 93-97. , Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 15. New Zealand Grassland Association, Hamilton, New Zealand; Garnham, M.L., Barlow, N.D., Defining the cost of grass grub (1993) Proceedings of the 6th Australasian Grasslands Invertebrate Ecology Conference, pp. 32-38. , Prestidge RA ed; Glare, T.R., O'Callaghan, M., Wigley, P.J., Checklist of naturally occurring entomopathogenic microbes and nematodes in New Zealand (1993) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 20, pp. 95-120; Hardin, M.R., Benrey, B., Coll, M., Lamp, W.O., Roderick, G.K., Barbosa, P., Arthropod pest resurgence: An overview of potential mechanisms (1995) Crop Protection, 14, pp. 3-18; Jackson, T.A., Saville, D.J., Bioassays of replicating bacteria against soil-dwelling insect pests. Chapter 2 (2000) Bioassays of Entomopathogenic Microbes and Nematodes, pp. 73-94. , Navon A, Ascher KRS eds, CABI; Jackson, T.A., Huger, A.M., Glare, T.R., Pathology of amber disease in the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1993) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 61, pp. 123-130; Jackson, T.A., Pearson, J.F., O'Callaghan, M., Mahanty, H.K., Willcocks, M.J., Pathogen to product - Development of Serratia entomophila (Enterobacteriaceae) as a commercial biological agent for the New Zealand grass grub Costelytra zealandica (1992) Use of Pathogens in Scarab Pest Management, pp. 191-198. , Jackson TA, Glare TR eds, Intercept, Andover; Jackson, T.A., Townsend, R.J., Dunbar, J.E., Ferguson, C.M., Marshall, S.D.G., Zydenbos, S.M., Anticipating the unexpected - Managing pasture pest outbreaks after large-scale land conversion (2012) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 74, pp. 153-158; Johnson, V.W., Pearson, J.F., Jackson, T.A., Formulation of Serratia entomophila for biological control of grass grub (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, pp. 125-127; Lauren, D.R., Henzell, R.F., Wrenn, N.R., Grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) population trends following insecticide applications (1990) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 33, pp. 159-163; O'Callaghan, M., Jackson, T.A., Isolation and enumeration of Serratia entomophila - A bacterial pathogen of the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (1993) Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 75, pp. 307-314; O'Callaghan, M., Jackson, T.A., Adult grass grub dispersal of Serratia entomophila (1993) Proceedings of the 46th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 235-236; O'Callaghan, M., Young, S.D., Barlow, N.D., Jackson, T.A., The ecology of grass grub pathogenic Serratia spp. in New Zealand pastures (1999) Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 85-91; Park, N.M., Walker, J.T.S., Walker, G.P., Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., (2010) Diazinon use in New Zealand Horticulture, 78p. , http://www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/HSNO%20Application%20Register%20Documents/ERMA200398_Appendix%20L%20-%20Report%20from%20Plant%20and%20Food%20Research.pdf, Plant & Food Research Client, prepared for ERMA New Zealand, accessed 12 May 2016. Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Townsend, R.J., Jackson, T.A., Ferguson, C.M., Proffitt, J.R., Slay, M.W.A., Swaminathan, J., Day, S., Johnson, V.W., Establishment of Serratia entomophila after application of a new formulation for grass grub control (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 310-313; Zydenbos, S.M., Ferguson, C.M., Townsend, R.J., Dunbar, J.E., Peoples, S., Willoughby, B.E., Lane, P.M.S., Jackson, T.A., Decision tools for managing insect pest outbreaks in pastures (2013) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 75, pp. 103-112 PY - 2016 SP - 86-93 ST - Effect of Serratia entomophila and diazinon applied with seed against grass grub populations on the North Island volcanic plateau T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of Serratia entomophila and diazinon applied with seed against grass grub populations on the North Island volcanic plateau UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84980378074&partnerID=40&md5=7892405b43ce5f728ae94efddf82a23c VL - 69 ID - 59 ER - TY - JOUR AB - European canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is an important disease of apple in the temperate climate of southern Brazil. Monthly inoculations of this fungus were carried out on various wound types on cvs 'Gala' and 'Fuji' over two productive cycles to better understand the seasonal susceptibility of apple trees. Wound types were: bud scars (September), petal scars (October), fruit-thinning scars (November), leaf scars (from November to May), fruit-picking wound scars for 'Gala' (February) and 'Fuji' (March), and pruning wounds (June to August). One hundred plants of each cultivar were used and inoculation sites were monitored periodically for symptom expression. At each assessment, visible lesions were counted and pruned, and wounds were painted. Differences in wound susceptibility occurred throughout the year. Most lesions resulted from inoculations of pruning wounds. Inoculations performed in spring on bud and petal scars resulted in lower disease expression than inoculations later in the season. AN - BIOSIS:PREV201800169147 AU - Alves, S. A. M. AU - Nunes, C. C. DA - 2017 N1 - Times Cited: 0 0 1179-352x PY - 2017 SN - 1175-9003 SP - 73-77 ST - Seasonal susceptibility of apple trees to Neonectria ditissima wound infections T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Seasonal susceptibility of apple trees to Neonectria ditissima wound infections UR - ://BIOSIS:PREV201800169147 VL - 70 ID - 1157 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The age of apple wood may affect its susceptibility to European canker (Neonectria ditissima). Therefore, a glasshouse experiment was conducted with potted trees of six apple cultivars ('Braeburn', 'Scilate', 'Fuji', 'Golden Delicious', 'Jonathan' and 'Royal Gala') grafted onto two rootstocks ('M793' and 'M9') to study the effect of 3-, 2- or 1-year-old wood on incidence and disease progression following inoculation with conidia of N. ditissima. Initial analyses of cultivars on 'M793' showed a significant wood age effect on disease incidence and lesion length, which was similar to cultivars grafted on 'M9'. Three-year-old wood developed more and longer lesions than either the 2- or the 1-year-old wood. A significant cultivar effect was observed with 'Royal Gala' developing more lesions than the other cultivars tested. More than half of asymptomatic wounds placed onto apple sap-amended water agar for pathogen isolation yielded N. ditissima. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Fisher, B. AU - Walter, M. AU - Smits, J. M. AU - Jesson, L. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alston, F., Response of apple cultivars to canker, Nectria galligena. Annual report (1970) East Malling Research Station, A53, pp. 147-148; Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Scheper, R.W.A., Agar media for isolation of neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Beresford, R.M., Scheper, R.W.A., Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 250-256; Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S., Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4 (2015) Journal of Statistical Software, 67, pp. 1-48; Beresford, R.M., Kim, K.S., Identification of regional climatic conditions favorable for development of European canker of apple (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 135-146; Bus, V., Singla, G., Ward, S., Brewer, L., Morgan, C., Bowatte, D., Bassett, H., Gardiner, S., Progress in pipfruit resistance breeding and research at plant & food research (2017) Acta Horticulturae, , In press; Cooke, L.R., The influence of fungicide sprays on infection of apple cv. Bramley's seedling by nectria galligena (1999) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 105, pp. 783-790; De Mendiburu, F., (2016) Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, , https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=agricolae, R package version 1.2-4; Dubin, H.J., English, H., Factors affecting apple leaf scar infection by nectria galligena conidia (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 1201-1203; Ghasemkhani, M., Liljeroth, E., Sehic, J., Zborowska, A., Nybom, H., Cut-off shoots method for estimation of partial resistance in apple cultivars to fruit tree canker caused by neonectria ditissima (2015) Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 65, pp. 412-421; Glerum, C., Food sinks and food reserves of trees in temperate climates (1980) New Zealand Journal Forestry Science, 10 (1), pp. 176-185; Gomez-Cortecero, A., Saville, R.J., Scheper, R.W.A., Bowen, J.K., De Medeiros, H.A., Kingsnorth, J., Xu, X.M., Harrison, R.J., Variation in host and pathogen in the neonectria/Malus interaction; toward an understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to European canker (2016) Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, p. 1365; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; Scheper, R.W.A., Frijters, L., Fisher, B.M., Hedderley, D.I., Effect of freezing of neonectria ditissima inoculum on its pathogenicity (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 257-263; Scheper, R.W.A., Walter, M., Fisher, B.M., Johnston, S., Curnow, T., Amponsah, N.T., Alspach, P., Hedderley, D.I., Resistance of apple and pear rootstocks to neonectria ditissima and their effect on scion susceptibility (2017) (Poster) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, p. 324; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (Nectria galligena) (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Van De Weg, W.E., Note on an inoculation method to infect young apple seedlings with nectria galligena bres (1987) Euphytica, 36, pp. 853-854; Walter, M., Roy, S., Fisher, B.M., Mackle, L., Amponsah, N.T., Curnow, T., Campbell, R.E., Scheper, R.W.A., How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by neonectria ditissima? (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 238-245; Wenneker, M., De Jong, P.F., Joosten, N.N., Goedhart, P.W., Thomma, B.P.H.J., Development of a method for detection of latent European fruit tree canker (Neonectria ditissima) infections in apple and pear nurseries (2016) European Journal of Plant Pathology; Xu, X.-M., Butt, D.J., Ridout, M.S., The effects of inoculum dose, duration of wet period, temperature and wound age on infection by nectria galligena of pruning wounds on apple (1998) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104, pp. 511-519 PY - 2017 SP - 97-105 ST - The effect of wood age on infection by Neonectria ditissima through artificial wounds on different apple cultivars T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of wood age on infection by Neonectria ditissima through artificial wounds on different apple cultivars UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027439855&partnerID=40&md5=bf99f482061f88de0c1efd09c5d45180 VL - 70 ID - 35 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Conidia and ascospore release of Neonectria ditissima, the causal agent of European canker, was investigated using rainwater traps and Vaseline®-coated glass slides in the Tasman region, New Zealand. Trapping of spores was carried out from May 2013 to June 2015 in three separate apple orchard blocks planted with 'Scifresh'/Jazz™, 'Royal Gala' and 'Braeburn', respectively. Conidia and ascospores were both produced at any time of the year when rainfall occurred. The numbers of both conidia and ascospores trapped peaked in April-May, but were produced throughout the year. There was a trend for lower spore numbers with increasing number of non-rainy days prior to rainy event >2mm, while more spores were trapped under frequent rainfall conditions. There was a significant correlation between mean conidia trapped and total monthly rainfall in all three orchards, but ascospore numbers were significantly correlated with rainfall on glass slides only in the 'Braeburn' orchard. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Walter, M. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Beresford, R.M., Scheper, R.W.A., Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 250-256; Beresford, R.M., Kim, K.S., Identification of regional climatic conditions favorable for development of European canker of apple (2011) Phytopathology, 101, pp. 135-146; Booth, C., (1965) IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, 1965, no 15, p. 147. , Sheet CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Campbell, R.E., Roy, S., Curnow, T., Walter, M., Monitoring methods and spatial patterns of European canker disease in commercial orchards (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 213-220; (2005) CAB International Crop Protection Compendium Globule Module, , CPC Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International, Wallingford, United Kingdom; Hallen, H., Trail, F., The L-type calcium ion channel cch1 affects ascospore discharge and mycelial growth in the filamentous fungus gibberella zeae (anamorph fusarium graminearum) (2008) Eukaryotic Cell, 7, pp. 415-424; Lortie, M., Kuntz, J.E., Ascospore discharge and conidium release by Nectria galligena Bres. Under field and laboratory conditions (1963) Canadian Journal of Botany, 41, pp. 1203-1210; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Langrell, S.R.H., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; Ransom, L.M., The eradication of nectria galligena from apple trees in Tasmania, 1954-1991 (1997) Australasian Plant Pathology, 26, pp. 121-125; Swinburne, T.R., The seasonal release of spores of nectria galligena from apple cankers in Northern Ireland (1971) Annals of Applied Biology, 69, pp. 97-104; Walter, M., Roy, S., Fisher, B.N., Mackle, L., Amponsah, N.T., Curnow, T., Campbell, R.E., Scheper, R.W.A., How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by neonectria ditissima? (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 238-245; Weber, R.W.S., Biology and control of the apple canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. Galligena) from a Northwestern European perspective (2014) Erwerbs-Obstbau, 56, pp. 95-107; Wilson, E.E., Development of European canker in a California apple district (1966) Plant Disease Report, 50, pp. 182-186; Xu, X.-M., Butt, D.J., Tests of fungicides for post-germination activity against nectria galligena, causal agent of canker and fruit rot of apple (1996) Crop Protection, 15, pp. 513-519 PY - 2017 SP - 78-86 ST - Neonectria ditissima spore release and availability in New Zealand apple orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Neonectria ditissima spore release and availability in New Zealand apple orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027444007&partnerID=40&md5=c2fbaaec677bc5e81692a144d0e328c4 VL - 70 ID - 1 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mass rearing Wiseana (porina) species, a major endemic insect pest in New Zealand pastures, has proved challenging for research and pest management and has presented problems over several decades in the laboratory. Researchers have acknowledged that handling the eggs and first instar larvae are of critical importance during laboratory rearing. A simple method is presented that improves survival of early instar porina larvae. Eggs of three porina species (W. cervinata, W. copularis, W. umbraculata) hatched faster at 22°C than at 15°C. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Atijegbe, S. R. AU - Mansfield, S. AU - Rostas, M. AU - Ferguson, C. M. AU - Worner, S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allan, R.A., Wang, Q., Jiménez-Pérez, A., Davis, L.K., Wiseana copularis larvae (Hepialidae: Lepidoptera): Laboratory rearing procedures and effect of temperature on survival (2002) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 45 (1), pp. 71-75; Barratt, B.I.P., Van Toor, R.F., Ferguson, C.M., Stewart, K.M., (1990) Grass Grub and Porina in Otago and Southland. A Guide to Management and Control, 104p. , MAF Technology, Dunedin, New Zealand; Carpenter, A., Chemical treatment of porina eggs to prevent loss of viability in culture (1983) New Zealand Entomologist, 7 (4), pp. 466-467; Dodgshun, T.J., A semi-synthetic maintenance diet suitable for hepialid and melolonthid larvae (1970) New Zealand Entomologist, 4, p. 4; Dugdale, J.S., (1994) Fauna of New Zealand, (30), 164p. , Hepialidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand; Elder, R.J., A rearing technique for oncopera brachyphylla turner and oncopera mitocera (Turner) (1970) Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 27, pp. 401-404; Ferguson, C.M., Crook, K.E., The development of two wiseana species and the implications for their management as pastoral pests (2004) Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 87-93. , Winder LM, Goldson SL eds; Fleming, S.B., Kalmaskoff, J., Archibald, R.D., Stewart, K.M., Density-dependent virus mortality in populations of wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) (1986) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 48, pp. 193-198; French, R.A., Pearson, J.F., Influence of temperature on the rate of development of porina (Wiseana spp.: Hepialidae) eggs and timing of larval emergence in the field (1979) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 7, pp. 315-319; French, R.A., Thomas, G.W., A method of rearing caterpillars of porina (Wiseana sp.) in the laboratory (1971) New Zealand Entomologist, 5, pp. 35-39; Moore, S.G., A virus outbreak kills porina (1972) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 124, pp. 39-41; Popay, A.J., A laboratory rearing method for porina [poster] (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, p. 251; Richards, N.K., Mansfield, S., Townsend, R.J., Ferguson, C.M., Genetic variation within species and haplotypes of the wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) complex and development of non-sequenced based identification tools to aid field studies (2017) Pest Management Science, , In press; Shorey, H.H., Hale, R.L., Mass rearing of the larvae of nine noctuid species on a simple artificial medium (1965) Journal of Economic Entomology, 58, pp. 522-524; Stewart, K.M., Relative susceptibility to desiccation of eggs and young larvae of the pasture pest wiseana copularis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) (2001) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 44, pp. 177-180; Wagner, D.L., Rearing hepialid moths (Lepidoptera) (1989) Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 65, pp. 391-396; Waller, J.B., Handling techniques for eggs and larvae of Wiseana sp. (Hepialidae) (1968) New Zealand Entomologist, 4 (1), pp. 57-60; Wood, J., Rearing wiseana species in the laboratory (1970) New Zealand Entomologist, 4 (4), pp. 3-7 PY - 2017 SP - 250-254 ST - Laboratory handling and rearing of early instar porina larvae from eggs T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Laboratory handling and rearing of early instar porina larvae from eggs UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027438998&partnerID=40&md5=573eafaf0bb20b1a836571972d8e99bc VL - 70 ID - 14 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fungicide resistance development in Botrytis cinerea threatens the efficacy of anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicides, which have been used for botrytis bunch rot control in New Zealand vineyards for about 20 years. A 2016 survey of 33 vineyards in Gisborne, Hawke's Bay and Marlborough showed that the majority of 670 isolates tested in agar-based assays were sensitive to the AP cyprodinil (EC50 < 1 mg/litre), although 18% showed low-resistance (EC50 1-10 mg/litre) and 10% showed medium-resistance (EC50 >10 mg/litre). There was high cross-resistance to the APs cyprodinil and pyrimethanil. The survey also established baseline sensitivity to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide boscalid and >90% of isolates were sensitive (EC50 < 5 mg/litre). There was a low degree of cross-resistance between the SDHIs boscalid and fluopyram. There was also high sensitivity to fludioxonil (0.009 to 0.018 mg/litre) and to fenhexamid (0.49 to 0.76 mg/litre). © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Wright, P. J. AU - Middleditch, C. L. AU - Vergara, M. AU - Hasna, L. AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Agnew, R. H. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amiri, A., Heath, S.M., Peres, N.A., Resistance to fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, and penthiopyrad in botrytis cinerea from strawberry (2014) Plant Disease, 98, pp. 532-539; Avenot, H., Michailides, T.J., Progress in understanding molecular mechanisms and evolution to succinate dehydrogenase inhibiting (SDHI) fungicides in phytopathogenic fungi (2010) Crop Protection, 29, pp. 643-651; Beever, R.E., Laracy, E.P., Pak, H.A., Strains of botrytis cinerea resistant to dicarboximide and benzimidazole fungicides in New Zealand vineyards (1989) Plant Pathology, 38, pp. 427-437; Beresford, R.M., (2011) Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicide Resistance Prevention Strategy, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=fungicides/sdhi, Accessed 8 December 2016; Beresford, R., Manktelow, M., Van Der Zijpp, S., Follas, G., Moore, M., Harris, G., (2014) Resistance Management Guideline for Anilinopyrimidine (AP) [Group 9] Fungicides Used Against Botrytis Bunch Rot (Botrytis Cinerea) in Wine Grapes in New Zealand, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=fungicides/ap_in_grapes, Accessed 8 December 2016; Beresford, R., Pak, H., Manktelow, D., Follas, G., Hagerty, G., Strategies to avoid resistance development to anilopyrimidine fungicides in New Zealand (1999) New Zealand Plant Protection, 52, pp. 176-178; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Agnew, R.H., Sensitivity of grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) to demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor fungicides in New Zealand (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 1-10; Beresford, R.M., Wright, P.J., Wood, P.N., Park, N.M., Larsen, N.J., Fisher, B.M., Resistance of venturia inaequalis to demethylation inhibitor and dodine fungicides in four New Zealand apple growing regions (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 274-283; Billard, A., Fillinger, S., Leroux, P., Lachaise, H., Beffa, R., Debieu, D., Strong resistance to the fungicide fenhexamid entails a fitness cost in botrytis cinerea, as shown by comparisons of isogenic strains (2012) Pest Management Science, 68, pp. 684-691; De Miccolis Angelini, R.M., Pollastro, S., Faretra, F., Genetics of fungicide resistance (2015) Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens: Principles and a Guide to Practical Management, 489p. , Edited by Ishii H, Hollomon DW. Springer; Fernández-Ortuño, D., Chen, F., Schnabel, G., Resistance to cyprodinil and lack of fludioxonil resistance in botrytis cinerea isolates from strawberry in north and South Carolina (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 81-85; Fernández-Ortuño, D., Bryson, P.-K., Grabke, A., Schnabel, G., First report of fludioxonil resistance in botrytis cinerea from a strawberry field in Virginia (2013) Plant Disease, 97, p. 848; (2015) Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor (SDHI) Working Group 9th Meeting on December 2, , http://www.frac.info/docs/default-source/sdhi-wg/sdhi-meeting-minutes/minutes-of-the-2015-sdhi-meeting-recommendations-for-2016.pdf?status=Temp&sfvrsn=0.6039098515175283, 2015 Accessed 26 March 2017; Grabke, A., Fernández-Ortuño, D., Schnabel, G., Fenhexamid resistance in botrytis cinerea from strawberry fields in the carolinas is associated with four target gene mutations (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 271-276; Hahn, M., The rising threat of fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi: Botrytis as a case study (2014) Journal of Chemical Biology, 7, pp. 133-141; Hilber, U.W., Hilber-Bodmer, M., Genetic basis and monitoring of resistance of botryotinia fuckeliana to anilinopyrimidines (1998) Plant Disease, 82, pp. 496-500; Li, X., Fernández-Ortuño, D., Grabke, A., Schnabel, G., Resistance to fludioxonil in botrytis cinerea isolates from blackberry and strawberry (2014) Phytopathology, 104, pp. 724-732; Milling, R., Richardson, C.J., Mode of action of the anilino-pyrimidine fungicide pyrimethanil. 2. Effects on enzyme secretion in botrytis cinerea (1995) Pest Managament Science, 45, pp. 43-48; Sierotzki, H., Scalliet, G., A review of current knowledge of resistance aspects for the next-generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (2013) Phytopathology, 103, pp. 880-887; Walker, A.-S., Micoud, A., Rémuson, F., Grosman, Gredta, M., Lerouxa, P., French vineyards provide information that opens ways for effective resistance management of botrytis cinerea (grey mould) (2013) Pest Management Science, 69, pp. 667-678. , Wileyonlinelibrary.com PY - 2017 SP - 285-294 ST - Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to fungicides used in New Zealand wine grape spray programmes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to fungicides used in New Zealand wine grape spray programmes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027449930&partnerID=40&md5=422e7f789ecdf2a9aee0acfb1dc0cb4e VL - 70 ID - 15 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Flupropanate (sodium 2,2,3,3 tetrafluoropropanate), a slow-acting lipid biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide, was recently registered in New Zealand as Taskforce (745 g/L flupropanate as the sodium salt) for the selective and long-term control of Nassella trichotoma (nassella tussock) in pastures. In five dose-response experiments in permanent hill pastures in Canterbury, conducted between 2012 and 2016, we measured the efficacy of the herbicide against established plants of N. trichotoma and its residual activity against recruiting seedlings. Mortality, as an average across the five sites, was 93% 1.5 years after applying 1.49 kg flupropanate/ha (the label-recommended rate), and 100% at 2.98 kg/ha. This indicates that an application rate higher than the label rate will be necessary for complete control of a N. trichotoma infestation. The presence of 1,000 and 6,250 visible seedlings of N. trichotoma/ha in the autumn 3.2 and 2.1 years after applying 1.49 kg flupropanate/ha (at a Greta Valley and Scargill site respectively) indicates that the herbicide's soil residues had decayed within 12 months to a concentration lower than necessary to kill the germinating seedlings of N. trichotoma. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Bourdôt, G. W. AU - Jackman, S. AU - Saville, D. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2012) GP Flupropanate Granular Herbicide, , http://www.granularproducts.com/wp-content/uploads/MSDS-GP-FLUPROPANATE-GRANULAR-HERBICIDE-1.pdf, Anonymous (accessed 24 November 2016); (2016) Lipid Synthesis Inhibitors, , http://herbicidesymptoms.ipm.ucanr.edu/MOA/Lipid_Synthesis_Inhibitors/, Anonymous (accessed 28 November 2016); (2016) Taskforce, , http://taskforceherbicide.com/, Anonymous (accessed 24 November 2016); (2016) Taskforce - Frequently Asked Questions, , http://taskforceherbicide.com/faq/, Anonymous (accessed 29 November 2016); (2016) Taskforce Label New Zealand, , http://taskforceherbicide.com/labels/TASKFORCE%205%20Litre%20NZ%20LABEL.pdf, Anonymous (accessed 24 November 2016); Campbell, M.H., Vere, D.T., Nicol, H.I., Longterm control of serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma (Nees) arech.) by applying flupropanate at three-year or 10-year intervals (2002) Plant Protection Quarterly 2002, pp. 58-63; Deer, H., (2004) Pesticide Adsorption and Half Life, , https://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/Pesticides_No_15.pdf, (accessed 25 November 2016); Grech, C.J., McLaren, D.A., Lowien, J., McWhirter, L., Butler, K.L., Sindel, B.M., Effects of flupropanate application on bare ground and broadleaf weeds when used to control Chilean needle grass in introduced pastures (2014) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 57, pp. 100-109; Lusk, C.S., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Bourdôt, G.W., Changes in plant species composition after flupropanate application for nassella tussock control, in canterbury hill-country pastures (2017) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research; WSSA 2016 Flupropanate, , http://www.weedscience.org/Documents/ShowDocuments.aspx?DocumentID=1192, (accessed 28 November 2016) PY - 2017 SP - 160-164 ST - Plant mortality and seedling recruitment responses to flupropanate in grassland populations of Nassella trichotoma T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Plant mortality and seedling recruitment responses to flupropanate in grassland populations of Nassella trichotoma UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027442727&partnerID=40&md5=663e88f6ba767c6f35bb60915da9283f VL - 70 ID - 5 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Botryosphaeria disease is a common problem on a large range of hosts, including blueberry, causing dieback and cankers. Methods for phenotyping assays were developed in this project to facilitate blueberry resistance breeding. Detached shoots were used to test effects of wound size (needle, scalpel), inoculum type (mycelium, conidia), stem hardness (soft, semi-soft) and incubation temperatures on lesion development. Experiments were carried out on various blueberry cultivars with four Neofusicoccum strains, two each of N. parvum and N. ribis. Lesions of similar lengths developed on both scalpel and needle wounded shoots indicating no wound size effects. Mycelium plugs produced lesions faster than conidial suspension. Similarly, lesions on soft wood progressed faster than those on semi-soft cuttings. Incubation temperature had a significant effect on lesion development, with 26°C showing faster disease development than 19 or 22°C. This information will inform assays for blueberry plant breeding for improved disease resistance. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Campbell, R. E. AU - Walters, H. AU - Tennakoon, K. M. S. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Rainwater dispersal of botryosphaeriaceae conidia from infected grapevines (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 228-233; Cline, W.O., Milholland, R.D., Rooks, S.D., Ballington, J.R., Techniques in breeding for resistance to blueberry stem blight caused by botryosphaeria dothidea (1993) Acta Horticulturae, 346, pp. 107-110; Creswell, T.C., Milholland, R.D., Spore release and infection periods of botryosphaeria dothidea on blueberry in North Carolina (1988) Plant Disease, 72, pp. 342-346; Galletta, G.J., Ballington, J.R., Blueberries, cranberries and lingonberries (1996) Fruit Breeding, 2. , Janick J, Moore J eds. Vine and Small Fruits. J. Wiley & Sons, New York; Garg, H., Sivasithamparam, K., Banga, S.S., Barbetti, M.J., Cotyledon assay as a rapid and reliable method of screening for resistance against sclerotinia sclerotiorum in brassica napus genotypes (2008) Australasian Plant Pathology, 37, p. 106; Mass screening techniques for selecting crops resistant to disease (2010) International Atomic Energy Agency, 327p. , Vienna; Langford, G., (2010) Identification of Insects, Diseases and Disorders in New Zealand Blueberries: A Manual to Aid Identification and Control, , The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research; Lebeda, A., Švábová, L., In vitro screening methods for assessing plant disease resistance (2010) Mass Screening Techniques for Selecting Crops Resistant to Disease, 327p. , International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna; Manawasinghe, I.S., Phillips, A.J.L., Hyde, K.D., Chethana, K.W.T., Zhang, W., Zhao, W.S., Yan, J.Y., Li, X.H., Assessing the aggressiveness of plant pathogenic botryosphaeriaceae (2016) Mycosphere, 7 (7), pp. 883-892; Quinn, G.P., Keogh, M.J., (2003) Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists, 537p. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2016) R Foundation for Statistical Computing, , https://www.R-project.org/, Vienna, Austria. v3.3.2; Sammonds, J., Billones, R., Rocchetti, M., Ridgway, H.J., Walter, M., Jaspers, M.V., Survey of blueberry farms for botryosphaeria dieback and crown rot pathogens (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 238-432; Smith, B.J., Detached stem assay to evaluate the severity of stem blight of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) (1997) Acta Horticulturae, 446, pp. 457-464; Spencer, M., Lebeda, A., Improvement of crop production and disease resistance through mutation induction: The IAEA mandate (2010) Mass Screening Techniques for Selecting Crops Resistant to Disease, 327p. , International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna; Tennakoon, K.M.S., (2017) Botryosphaeria Disease in New Zealand Blueberry Gardens: Identification of Pathogens, Inoculum Sources and Factors Affecting Disease Development, , Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand. PhD thesis; Tennakoon, K.M.S., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Jones, E.E., Production of neofusicoccum species conidia and their pathogenicity on wounded and non-wounded blueberry shoots (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 209-214; Xu, C.N., Zhang, H.J., Zhou, Z.S., Hu, T.L., Wang, S.T., Wang, Y.N., Cao, K.Q., Identification and distribution of botryosphaeriaceae species associated with blueberry stem blight in China (2015) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 143 (4), pp. 737-752; Yang, Y.L., Turner, J., Stephens, J., Campbell, R.E., Walter, M., Comparison of in vitro and in planta sporogenesis in neofusicoccum species from blueberry (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 203-208 PY - 2017 SP - 215-223 ST - Development of phenotyping assays for resistance screening of blueberry plants against Neofusicoccum spp T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of phenotyping assays for resistance screening of blueberry plants against Neofusicoccum spp UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027440627&partnerID=40&md5=684189d2e43aa239220a15fb9b015364 VL - 70 ID - 30 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The extensive use of copper compounds for control of bacterial plant pathogens could lead to selecting strains of the pathogens that are copper-resistant. The ability to grow on a medium supplemented with copper, and therefore the concentration of copper to which bacterial strains are resistant, depends on the composition of the medium used for the test. The effects of different peptones (casitone and proteose peptone No. 3) and different media on the ability of strains of Pseudomonas syringae to grow in presence of copper were determined. Similar results were obtained when casitone was substituted with proteose peptone No. 3 in casitone yeast extract medium, but not when those two peptones were interchanged in King's B medium. In water, casitone allowed strains of P. syringae p v. actinidiae (Psa) to grow in the presence of higher amounts of copper than proteose peptone No. 3 did. In all cases, resistance to copper was increased with increased peptone concentration. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Cornish, D. A. AU - Schipper, M. M. AU - Oldham, J. M. AU - Vanneste, J. L. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Andersen, G.L., Menkissoglou, O., Lindow, S.E., Occurrence and properties of copper-tolerant strains of pseudomonas syringae isolated from fruit trees in California (1991) Phytopathology, 81 (6), pp. 648-656; Colombi, E., Straub, C., Kunzel, S., Templeton, M.D., McCann, H.C., Rainey, P.B., Evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids (2017) Environmental Microbiology, , In press; Geider, K., Interference of copper sulphate in growth of erwinia amylovora (1999) Journal of Phytopathology-Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 147 (9), p. 521; Hayward, A.C., A method for characterizing pseudomonas solanacearum (1960) Nature, 186 (4722), pp. 405-406; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., Raney, D.E., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine, 44, pp. 301-307; Menkissoglu, O., Lindow, S.E., Relationship of free ionic copper and toxicity to bacteria in solutions of organic compounds (1991) Phytopathology, 81 (10), pp. 1258-1263; Pernezny, K., Nagata, R., Havranek, N., Sanchez, J., Comparison of two culture media for determination of the copper resistance of xanthomonas strains and their usefulness for prediction of control with copper bactericides (2008) Crop Protection, 27 (2), pp. 256-262; Qin, J., Xiao, Z., Ma, C., Xie, N., Liu, P., Xu, P., Production of 2,3-butanediol by klebsiella pneumoniae using glucose and ammonium phosphate (2006) Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 14 (1), pp. 132-136; (1998) Bacteriological Analytical Manual 8th Edition, , US Food and Drug Administration; Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Yu, J., Boyd, R.J., Morris, C.E., Isolation of copper and streptomycin resistant phytopathogenic pseudomonas syringae from lakes and rivers in the central north island of New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 80-85; Vanneste, J.L., McLaren, G.E., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Boyd, R., Copper and streptomycin resistance in bacterial strains isolated from stone fruit orchards in New Zealand (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 101-105; Vanneste, J.L., Voyle, M.D., Genetic basis of copper resistance in New Zealand strains of pseudomonas syringae (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 109-112 PY - 2017 SP - 265-271 ST - Effect of peptones on the ability of plant pathogenic bacteria to grow on media supplemented with copper sulphate T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of peptones on the ability of plant pathogenic bacteria to grow on media supplemented with copper sulphate UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027470278&partnerID=40&md5=f07013597bbff24f00f11ed0e84d9284 VL - 70 ID - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The prevention of biosecurity threats is an international priority and the development of improved phytosanitary treatment technologies is part of New Zealand's biosecurity science strategy. Twelve temperature/time treatments were investigated as potential methods to devitalise weed seeds. Six weed species, Digitaria violascens, Eleusine indica, Lepidium virginicum, Plantago lanceolata, Portulaca oleracea and Sonchus oleraceus were exposed to treatments of 50°C, 60°C or 70°C each for 1.5 h, 4 h, or 15 h. The efficacy of these treatments was compared with those of two industry standards: (i) 85°C for 15 h at 40% RH; and (ii) methyl bromide (80 g/m3) for 24 h. The standard treatments were significantly more effective at devitalising weed seeds than the experimental treatments. This study showed that temperatures below 85°C are generally insufficient for devitalising seeds of the weed species examined. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Dowsett, C. A. AU - James, T. K. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2007) A Biosecurity Science Strategy for New Zealand, 73p. , http://www.pestsmart.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2007-biosecurity-science-strategy-NZ.pdf, MAF Biosecurity Wellington, New Zealand Accessed 5 May 2017; Hulme, P.E., Weed risk assessment: A way forward or a waste of time? (2012) Journal of Applied Ecology, 49, pp. 10-19; Hulme, P.E., An introduction to plant biosecurity: Past, present and future (2014) The Handbook of Plant Biosecurity, , Gorth G, McKirdy S eds. Springer, London; Isikbera, A.A., Athanassioub, C.G., The use of ozone gas for the control of insects and micro-organisms in stored products (2014) Journal of Stored Product Research, 64, pp. 139-145; (2015) International Rules for Seed Testing, , ISTA ISTA Secretariat, CH-8303 Bassersdorf Switzerland; James, T.K., Champion, P.D., Dowsett, C.A., McNeill, M.R., Houliston, G.J., Identification of weed seeds in soil samples intercepted at the New Zealand border (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 26-33; Kelly, K.M., Van Staden, J., Bell, W.E., Seed coat structure and dormancy (1992) Plant Growth Regulation, 11, pp. 201-209; Leung, B., Roura-Pascual, N., Bacher, S., Heikkilä, J., Brotons, L., Burgman, M.A., Dehnen-Schmutz, K., Vilà, M., Teasing apart alien species risk assessments: A framework for best practices (2012) Ecology Letters, 15, pp. 1475-1493; Mendeza, F., Maierb, D.E., Masonc, L.J., Woloshuka, C.P., Penetration of ozone into columns of stored grains and effects on chemical composition and processing performance (2003) Journal of Stored Products Research, 39, pp. 33-44; (2012) Approved Biosecurity Treatments, pp. 42-50. , MPI MPI-STD-ABTRT; Pimentel, D., Zuniga, R., Morrison, D., Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States (2005) Ecological Economics, 52, pp. 273-288; (2013) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Treatment Manual, , https://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ports/downloads/treatment.pdf, Accessed 24 December 2015; Van Loenen, M.C.A., Turbett, Y., Mullins, C.E., Feilden, N.E.H., Wilson, M.J., Leifert, C., Seel, W.E., Low temperature-short duration steaming of soil kills soil-borne pathogens, nematode pests and weeds (2003) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109, pp. 993-1002; Vidotto, F., De Palo, F., Ferrero, A., Effect of short-duration high temperatures on weed seed germination (2013) Annals of Applied Biology, 163, pp. 454-465 PY - 2017 SP - 25-30 ST - Is heat treatment a viable option for destroying weed seeds in biosecurity risk goods? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Is heat treatment a viable option for destroying weed seeds in biosecurity risk goods? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027435083&partnerID=40&md5=640d3916b9e246ecda8933dd7248bc9c VL - 70 ID - 12 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A method was developed to inoculate and establish infection of detached apple ruit with the bull's eye rot pathogen, Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba), without wounding. Mycelial cultures of P. vagabunda did not produce conidia on commonly used potato dextrose agar, or several other tested media. Growth on corn meal agar resulted in the highest conidial yield, and maximum production was achieved after 5 days. These conidia were placed on water agar, and apple fruit were placed on these spores for at least 5 days for establishment of infections. Reliable infection of 66-100% of apples required 14 days of contact. The ability to rapidly produce copious quantities of conidia and inoculate without wounding facilitates a number of other postharvest control and epidemiology studies. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Pushparajah, I. P. S. AU - Fisher, B. M. AU - Wood, P. N. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amiri, A., Dugas, R., Pichot, A.L., Bompeix, G., In vitro and in vivo activity of eugenol oil (Eugenia caryophylata) against four important postharvest apple pathogens (2008) International Journal of Food Microbiology, 126, pp. 13-19; De Jong, S.N., Levesque, C.A., Verkley, G.J.M., Abeln, E.C.A., Rahe, J.E., Braun, P.G., Phylogenetic relationships among neofabraea species causing tree cankers and bull's-eye rot of apple based on DNA sequencing of ITS nuclear rDNA, mitochondrial rDNA, and the beta-tubulin gene (2001) Mycological Research, 105, pp. 658-669; Englander, L., Roth, L.F., Interaction of light and sterol on sporangium and chlamydospore production by phytophthora lateralis (1980) Phytopathology, 70, pp. 650-654; Gariepy, T.D., Levesque, C.A., De Jong, S.N., Rahe, J.E., Species specific identification of the neofabraea pathogen complex associated wtih pome fruits using PCR and multiplex DNA amplification (2003) Mycological Research, 107, pp. 528-536; Gariepy, T.D., Rahe, J.E., Levesque, C.A., Spotts, R.A., Sugar, D.L., Henriquez, J.L., Neofabraea species associated with bull's-eye rot and cankers of apple and pear in the pacific northwest (2005) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 27, pp. 118-124; Henriquez, J.L., Sugar, D., Spotts, R.A., Etiology of bull's eye rot of pear caused by Neofabraea spp. In Oregon, Washington, and California (2004) Plant Disease, 88, pp. 1134-1138; Matsushima, T., A new medium for identification of hyphomycetes (1961) Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan, 2, pp. 118-120; Neri, F., Mari, M., Brigati, S., Bertolini, P., Control of neofabraea alba by plant volatile compounds and hot water (2009) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 51, pp. 425-430; Pushparajah, I.P.S., Fisher, B.M., Wood, P.N., Everett, K.R., A simple method for conidial production and for inoculating apples with Neofabraea alba. [Poster] (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, p. 328; Scheper, R.W.A., Fisher, B.M., Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Effect of culture medium, light and air circulation on sporulation of neonectria ditissima (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 123-132; Spotts, R.A., Postharvest diseases: Bull's-eye rot (2014) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases, pp. 78-79. , Sutton TB, Aldwinckle HS, Agnello AM, Walgenbach JF eds. 2nd edition. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN PY - 2017 SP - 106-111 ST - A simple method for conidial production and establishing latent infections of apples by Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - A simple method for conidial production and establishing latent infections of apples by Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027448465&partnerID=40&md5=654516dd2f3a20a2c6520b96ef6ebace VL - 70 ID - 28 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Clovers (Trifolium spp.) are vulnerable to a large number of invertebrate pests so pest resilience amongst 19 leading commercial or near release New Zealand-bred clover cultivars was compared. Laboratory feeding choice tests comparing foliage from the test clovers against Grasslands Kopu II as the standard confirmed that red clovers (T. pratense) were less preferred than white clovers (T. repens) by adult clover root weevil and clover flea. Grey field slug showed no preference between red and white clovers, with the white clover Grassland Prestige performing the best. Porina larvae had lowest weight gains on strawberry clover (T. fragiferum). Subsequent tests using neonate greenheaded leafroller larvae and an artificial diet made with freeze-dried foliage from cultivars in the most and least preferred subgroups indicated antifeedant compounds, rather than leaf morphology, are likely responsible for differences in feeding preferences between red and white clovers. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Ferguson, C. M. AU - Van Amsterdam, S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Abberton, M.T., Marshall, A.H., Progress in breeding perennial clovers for temperate agriculture (2005) Journal of Agricultural Science, 143, pp. 117-135; Atijegbe, S.R., Mansfield, S., Rostas, M., Worner, S., Ferguson, C.M., Growth rate, survival and preference of porina (Wiseana spp.) to selected grasses (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, p. 326; Brooks, A.S., Crook, M.J., Wilcox, A., Cook, R.T., A laboratory evaluation of the palatability of legumes to the field slug, deroceras reticulatum muller (2003) Pest Management Science, 59, pp. 245-251; Burgess, R.S.L., Ennos, R.A., Selective grazing of acyanogenic white clover: Variation in behaviour amoung populations of the slug deroceras reticulatum (1987) Oecologia, 73, pp. 432-435; Caradus, J.R., Chapman, D.F., Selection for and heritability of stolon characteristics in two cultivars of white clover (1996) Crop Science, 36, pp. 900-904; Carpenter, A., Chemical treatment of porina eggs to prevent loss of viability in culture (1983) New Zealand Entomologist, 7, pp. 466-467; Cooper, B.M., Screening a range of white clover and two red clover lines for relative tolerance to clover flea (1994) Proceedings of the Forty-seventh New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 47, pp. 287-288; Crush, J.R., Gerard, P.J., Ouyang, L., Cooper, B.M., Cousins, G., Effect of clover root weevil larval feedingon growth of clover progenies from parents selected for tolerance in field trials (2010) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 53, pp. 227-234; Dirzo, R., Harper, J.L., Experimental studies on slug-plant interactions. III. Differences in the acceptability of individual plants of Trifolium repens to slugs and snails (1982) Journal of Ecology, 70, pp. 101-117; Dugdale, J.S., (1994) Hepialidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera), p. 155. , Fauna of New Zealand. Auckland, DSIR Plant Protection, Mt Albert Research Centre; Easton, H.S., Christensen, M., Eerens, J.P.J., Fletcher, L.R., Hume, D.E., Keogh, R.G., Lane, G.A., Tapper, B., Ryegrass endophyte: A New Zealand grassland success story (2001) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 63, pp. 37-46; Farrell, J.A.K., Sweney, W.J., Jones, A.E., Plant resistance to the porina caterpillar Wiseana cervinata (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae). I. Resistance in legumes and grasses (1974) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 17, pp. 373-378; Ferguson, C.M., Barton, D.M., Philip, B.A., Clover root weevil tolerance of clover cultivars (2016) Journal of New Zealand Grasslands, 78, pp. 197-202; Ford, J.L., Barrett, B.A., Improving red clover persistence under grazing (2011) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 73, pp. 119-124; Gerard, P.J., Crush, J.R., Hackell, D.L., Interaction between sitona lepidus and red clover lines selected for formononetin content (2005) Annals of Applied Biology, 147, pp. 173-181; Godan, S., (1983) Pest Slugs and Snails: Biology and Control, 448p. , Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg; Jahufer, M.Z.Z., Ford, J.L., Widdup, K.H., Harris, C., Cousins, G., Ayres, J.F., Lane, L.A., Barrett, B.A., Improving white clover for australasia (2012) Crop and Pasture Science, 63, pp. 739-745; Mercer, C.F., Van Den Bosch, J., Miller, K.J., Progress in recurrent selection and in crossing cultivars with white clover resistant to the clover root-knot nematode meloidogyne trifoliophila (2000) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 43, pp. 41-48; Murray, P.J., Clements, R.O., Investigations of the host feeding preferences of sitona weevils found commonly on white clover (Trifolium repens) in the UK (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 71, pp. 73-79; Popay, A.J., A laboratory rearing method for porina (2001) New Zealand Plant Protection, 54, p. 251; Upsdell, M.P., Bayesian smoothers as an extension of non-linear regression (1994) New Zealand Statistician, 29, pp. 66-81; Widdup, K.H., Caradus, J.R., Green, J., Mueller, J.P., Pennell, C.P., White clover ecotype germplasm from the USA for development of New Zealand and overseas cultivars (1996) White Clover: New Zealand's Competitive Edge. New Zealand Grassland Association Grassland Research and Practice Series, 6, pp. 149-153. , Woodfield DR ed. Christchurch; Williams, W.M., Easton, H.S., Jones, C.S., Future options and targets for pasture plant breeding in New Zealand (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 223-248; Woodfield, D.R., Caradus, J.R., Factors affecting white clover persistence in New Zealand pastures (1996) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 58, pp. 229-235 PY - 2017 SP - 241-249 ST - Comparison of New Zealand perennial clovers for resilience against common pasture pests T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of New Zealand perennial clovers for resilience against common pasture pests UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027469792&partnerID=40&md5=5448dbb0bb4a02dc33c8b136036ceea0 VL - 70 ID - 36 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ryegrass, both perennial (Lolium perenne) and annual (L. multiflorum), can be weeds in other arable crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). They are generally removed using selective herbicides, but herbicide-resistant perennial and annual ryegrasses have been reported anecdotally. Perennial ryegrass seeds that were suspected to be herbicide resistant were sourced from near Methven, Canterbury. They were evaluated for tolerance to five herbicides and were found to be resistant to all of them. In a separate experiment, annual ryegrass seeds that were suspected to be herbicide resistant were also sourced from near Methven, Canterbury. They were evaluated for tolerance to six different herbicides and were found to be resistant to haloxyfop applied at up to four times label rate but susceptible to clethodim. These results have important implications for growers and advisers throughout New Zealand. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Gunnarsson, M. AU - James, T. K. AU - Chynoweth, R. J. AU - Rolston, M. P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Summary of Herbicide Mechanism of Action According to the Weed Science Society of America, , http://wssa.net/wp-content/uploads/WSSA-Mechanism-of-Action.pdf, Anon n.d. (Accessed 7 April 2017); (2015) Grass Seed Production by Crop and Unit, , www.statistikbanken.dk, Anon (Accessed 12 April 2017); Appleby, A.P., Olson, P.D., Colbert, D.R., Winter wheat yield reduction from interference by Italian ryegrass (1975) Agronomy Journal, 68, pp. 463-466; Edgar, E., Connor, H.E., (2010) Flora of New Zealand, 5, 650p. , Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln New Zealand; Focke, M., Lichtenthaler, H.K., Inhibition of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase of barley chloroplasts by cycloxydim and sethoxydim (1987) Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C., 42, pp. 1361-1363; Heap, I., (2017) International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds, , http://weedscience.orgsummary/species.aspx, (Accessed 9 April 2017); Ghanizadeh, H., Woolley, D.J., Harrington, K.C., James, T.K., Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 89-93; Harrington, K.C., Herbicide resistance table (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, , http://resistance.nzpps.org/index.php?p=herbicides/mode_of_action, (Accessed 26 April 2017); Neve, P.P., Beffa, R., Collavo, A.A., Délye, C., Hamouzova, K.K., Ulber, L.L., (2014) European Weed Research Society Workshop "Herbicide-Resistance in Europe: Challenges, Opportunities and Threats", Frankfurt, , http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/275408, (Accessed 7 April 2017); (2013) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, 768p. , Novachem 2013/2014 edition. Agrimedia, Christchurch, New Zealand; (2016) New Zealand Novachem Agrichemical Manual, 888p. , Novachem 2016/2017 edition. Agrimedia, Christchurch, New Zealand; Rolston, M.P., Archie, W.J., Reddy, K., Dastgheib, F., Grass weed control and herbicide tolerance in cereals (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 220-226; Stanger, C.E., Appleby, A.P., Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) accessions tolerant to diclofop (1989) Weed Science, 37, pp. 350-352 PY - 2017 SP - 165-170 ST - An evaluation of the resistance of annual and perennial ryegrass to herbicides T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - An evaluation of the resistance of annual and perennial ryegrass to herbicides UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027447458&partnerID=40&md5=2d4726674d02d13462ccb54e11bb7cf7 VL - 70 ID - 9 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Spot-spraying weeds in pastures enables the use of herbicide that would be too harmful to pasture if boom-sprayed. However, some herbicides are more damaging than others. To quantify this damage, a range of spot-spraying treatments was applied to ryegrass/white clover pastures. Four herbicide treatments were compared, each at two application rates and two sizes of sprayed patch. Applications of either clopyralid or a triclopyr/picloram mix resulted in total removal of white clover from the sprayed patches but these patches remained covered in perennial ryegrass. Metsulfuron also removed all white clover but also severely damaged the perennial ryegrass, although some grass cover remained due to survival of browntop. Residues of these treatments suppressed seedlings of white clover and weeds for many weeks after application. Glyphosate treatments resulted in the most bare soil. White clover recovered most rapidly in glyphosate-treated areas, mainly by lateral spread of stolons, but weed species also established rapidly. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Ghanizadeh, H. AU - Moyo, C. AU - Kemp, P. D. AU - Eerens, J. P. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Basse, B., Phillips, C.B., Hardwick, S., Kean, J.M., Economic benefits of biological control of sitona obsoletus (clover root weevil) in southland pasture (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 218-226; Bullock, J.M., Clear Hill, B., Silvertown, J., Sutton, M., Gap colonization as a source of grassland community change: Effects of gap size and grazing on the rate and mode of colonization by different species (1995) Oikos, 72 (2), pp. 272-283; Duke, S.O., Cedergreen, N., Velini, E.D., Belz, R.G., Hormesis: Is it an important factor in herbicide use and allelopathy? (2006) Outlooks on Pest Management, 17 (1), pp. 29-33; James, T.K., Rahman, A., De Jong, P., Flazasulfuron for control of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) in pasture (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 18-21; Kemp, P.D., Mathew, C., Lucas, R.J., Pasture species and cultivars (2000) New Zealand Pasture and Crop Science, pp. 84-99. , White J, Hodgson J eds. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia; Martin, P., Thompson, A., Rahman, A., Spot treatment of ragwort and nodding thistle with DPX-L5300 (1988) Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 223-225; McConnaughay, K.D.M., Bazzaz, F.A., The relationship between gap size and performance of several colonizing annuals (1987) Ecology, 68 (2), pp. 411-416; Moyo, C., Harrington, K.C., Kemp, P.D., Eerens, J.P.J., Effectiveness of spraying herbicides in the centre compared to all over rosettes of cirsium vulgare and jacobaea vulgaris (2014) Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Weeds Conference, pp. 235-238; Pons, N., Barriuso, E., Fate of metsulfuron-methyl in soils in relation to pedo-climatic conditions (1998) Pesticide Science, 53 (4), pp. 311-323; Reader, R.J., Buck, J., Control of seedling density on disturbed ground - Role of seedling establishment for some midsuccessional, old-field species (1991) Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne de Botanique, 69 (4), pp. 773-777; Riley, D., Morrod, R.S., Relative importance of factors influencing the activity of herbicides in soil (1977) Proceedings of the 1976 British Crop Protection Conference - Weeds, 3, pp. 971-980; (2004) SAS Version 9.1, , SAS Institute; Taylor, R.L., Control of ragwort (1973) Proceedings of the 26th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 50-52; Tomlin, C.D.S., (2000) The Pesticide Manual, 1250p. , 12th ed. British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, UK; Tran, H., Harrington, K.C., Robertson, A.W., Watt, M.S., Relative persistence of commonly used forestry herbicides for preventing the establishment of broom (Cytisus scoparius) seedlings in New Zealand plantations (2015) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 45, p. 6; Youngson, C.R., Goring, C.A.I., Meikle, R.W., Scott, H.H., Griffth, J.D., Factors influencing the decomposition of tordon herbicide in soils (1967) Down to Earth, 23 (2), pp. 3-11 PY - 2017 SP - 179-185 ST - Pasture damage from spot-sprayed herbicides T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pasture damage from spot-sprayed herbicides UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027451603&partnerID=40&md5=2125af6fa802f2da5c6a833d5916fbcd VL - 70 ID - 39 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herman, T. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 PY - 2017 SP - xiii-xiv ST - Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027436272&partnerID=40&md5=afc7fc6968376948afbd19d5eee75bcd VL - 70 ID - 3 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Botrytis cinerea infection of wine grapes can result in a variety of symptoms. The most common symptom is botrytis bunch rot (BBR), where infected berries rot and shrivel, and eventually produce fungal sporulation. Another symptom is slip skin, where the skins of infected ripe berries slide easily from the pulp. It is hypothesised that a reduction in osmotic potential in grape berries due to late-season rainfall leads to slip skin symptom development. Hyphal growth of B. cinerea on osmotically adjusted agar was inhibited at osmotic potentials associated with near-ripe berries. Vine sheltering was used in a research vineyard to manipulate rainfall artificially and to alter berry sugar content in Vitis vinifera Sauvignon blanc vines, with the aim of increasing osmotic potential and altering symptom expression. Both BBR and slip skin symptoms were affected by the various sheltering conditions, with sheltered vines having lower BBR and higher slip skin at harvest. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Hill, G. N. AU - Henshall, W. R. AU - Beresford, R. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Becker, T., Grimm, E., Knoche, M., Substantial water uptake into detached grape berries occurs through the stem surface (2012) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 18, pp. 109-114; Beever, R.E., Laracy, E.P., Osmotic adjustment in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans (1986) Journal of Bacteriology, 168, pp. 1358-1365; Beresford, R.M., Hill, G.N., Botrytis control without fungicide residues - Is it just a load of rot? (2008) New Zealand Winegrower, 12, pp. 104-106; Beresford, R.M., Evans, K.J., Wood, P.N., Mundy, D.C., Disease assessment and epidemic monitoring methodology for bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) in grapevines (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, pp. 355-360; Bondada, B.R., Matthews, M.A., Shackel, K.A., Functional xylem in the post-véraison grape berry (2005) Journal of Experimental Botany, 56, pp. 2949-2957; Choat, B., Gambetta, G.A., Shackel, K.A., Matthews, M.A., Vascular function in grape berries across development and its relevance to apparent hydraulic isolation (2009) Plant Physiology, 151, pp. 1677-1687; Clarke, S.J., Hardie, W.J., Rogiers, S.Y., Changes in susceptibility of grape berries to splitting are related to impaired osmotic water uptake associated with losses in cell vitality (2010) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16, pp. 469-476; Diakou, P., Moing, A., Svanella, L., Ollat, N., Rolin, D.B., Gaudillere, M., Gaudillere, J.P., Biochemical comparison of two grape varieties differing in juice acidity (1997) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 3, pp. 1-10; Grolemund, G., Wickham, H., (2011) Dates and Times Made Easy with Lubridate, 40, p. 25. , 2011; Harris, R.F., Effect of water potential on microbial growth and activity (1981) Water Potential Relations in Soil Microbiology, pp. 23-95. , Parr JF, Gardner WR, Elliott LF eds. SSSA Special Publication. Soil Science Society of America; Hill, G.N., Beresford, R.M., Evans, K.J., Tools for accurate assessment of botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) on wine grapes (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 174-181; Hill, G.N., Evans, K.J., Beresford, R.M., Dambergs, R.G., Comparison of methods for the quantification of botrytis bunch rot in white wine grapes (2014) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 20, pp. 432-441; Hill, G.N., Evans, K.J., Beresford, R.M., Use of nitrate non-utilising (nit) mutants to determine phenological stages at which botrytis cinerea infects wine grapes causing botrytis bunch rot (2014) Plant Pathology, 63, pp. 1316-1325; Keller, M., Smith, J.P., Bondada, B.R., Ripening grape berries remain hydraulically connected to the shoot (2006) Journal of Experimental Botany, 57, pp. 2577-2587; Loschiavo, A., Scholefield, P., Morrison, J., Ferris, M., The cost of pests and diseases to the Australian winegrape industry (2010) Australian Viticulture, 14, pp. 15-19; McCarthy, M.G., Coombe, B.G., Is weight loss in ripening grape berries cv. Shiraz caused by impeded phloem transport? (1999) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 5, pp. 17-21; (2016) Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, , https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=agricolae, Mendiburu Fd; Mundy, D.C., Beresford, R.M., Susceptibility of grapes to botrytis cinerea in relation to berry nitrogen and sugar concentration (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 123-127; Nelson, K.E., The effect of botrytis infection on the tissue of tokay grapes (1956) Phytopathology, 46, pp. 223-229; (2017) Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm), , https://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/meanrain, (05-05-2017); Pezet, R., Viret, O., Perret, C., Tabacchi, R., Latency of botrytis cinerea pers.: Fr. And biochemical studies during growth and ripening of two grape berry cultivars, respectively susceptible and resistant to grey mould (2003) Journal of Phytopathology, 151, pp. 208-214; R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2016) R Foundation for Statistical Computing, , https://www.R-project.org/, Vienna, Austria; (2016) R Studio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, , http://www.rstudio.com/, Inc., Boston, MA; Rogiers, S.Y., Smith, J.A., White, R., Keller, M., Holzapfel, B.P., Virgona, J.M., Vascular function in berries of vitis vinifera (L) cv. Shiraz (2001) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 7, pp. 47-51; Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., Preibisch, S., Cardona, A., Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis (2012) Nature Methods, 9, pp. 676-682; Smart, R., Robinson, M., (1991) Sunlight into Wine, , Winetitles, Adelaide, Australia; Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., (1998) Plant Physiology, , Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA; Tyerman, S.D., Tilbrook, J., Pardo, C., Kotula, L., Sullivan, W., Steudle, E., Direct measurement of hydraulic properties in developing berries of Vitis vinifera L. Cv Shiraz and Chardonnay (2004) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 10, pp. 170-181; Whiting, E.C., Rizzo, D.M., Effect of water potential on radial colony growth of Armillaria mellea and A. Gallica isolates in culture (1999) Mycologia, 91, pp. 627-635; Wickham, H., (2009) Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, , Springer-Verlag New York; Wickham, H., (2016) Tidyverse: Easily Install and Load 'Tidyverse' Packages, , https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyverse; Wickham, H., Bryan, J., (2017) Readxl: Read Excel Files, , https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl; Wilcox, W.F., Gubler, W.D., Uyemoto, J.K., (2015) Compendium of Grape Diseases, Disorders, and Pests: Second Edition, , APS Press, St Paul, MN, USA PY - 2017 SP - 301-309 ST - Manipulating rainfall to study symptom expression of Botrytis cinerea infection in wine grapes T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Manipulating rainfall to study symptom expression of Botrytis cinerea infection in wine grapes UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027445607&partnerID=40&md5=547c3323af9c8e23fd5f0dd4d0b8b63a VL - 70 ID - 13 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Different pollinators may vary in their temporal flower-visitation patterns within crops, potentially extending the period pollination may occur. To assess whether this could be the case in kiwifruit, we conducted standardised observational surveys of insects visiting kiwifruit flowers within 31 orchards at three times: 10:00-11:00, 12:00-13:00 and 14:00-15:00 hr. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) represented 92% of visitations (n=5474), but temporal abundances were uneven (predicted abundances were lower at 14:00-15:00 hr). Predatory hover flies (Melangyna, Melonostoma, Allograpta spp.) also showed an uneven temporal pattern. There were no significant differences in the temporal abundances for buff-tailed bumble bees (Bombus terrestris), rattailed hover flies (Eristalis, Helophilus spp.), March flies (Dilophis nigrostigma), flower longhorn beetles (Zorion guttigerum) or the native bees (Leioproctus and Lasioglossum spp.) although, in some cases, low numbers may have masked potential unevenness trends. Variation in diurnal flower-visitation patterns among insects suggests the potential for complementarity between different pollinators. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Read, S. F. J. AU - Jesson, L. K. AU - Benoist, A. AU - Evans, L. E. AU - Pattemore, D. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, S., Requier, F., Nusillard, B., Roberts, S.P.M., Potts, S.G., Bouget, C., Distance from forest edge affects bee pollinators in oilseed rape fields (2014) Ecology and Evolution, 4, pp. 370-380; Donovan, B.J., Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) (2007) Fauna of New Zealand, 57, 295p. , Landcare Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand; Donovan, B.J., Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Relocation and establishment of nesting populations of the native bee leioproctus huakiwi donovan (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) (2010) New Zealand Entomologist, 33, pp. 109-113; Garibaldi, L.A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Aizen, M.A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S.A., Kremen, C., Afik, O., Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey-bee abundance (2013) Science, 339, pp. 1608-1611. , others; Gonzalez, M.V., Coque, M., Herrero, M., Stigmatic receptivity limits the effective pollination period in kiwifruit (1995) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 120, pp. 199-202; Goodwin, R.M., Afternoon decline in kiwifruit pollen collection (1995) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23, pp. 163-171; Goodwin, R.M., Haine, H., (1995) How Many Bee Visits to Fully Pollinate Kiwifruit?, p. 5. , New Zealand Kiwifruit, October; Goodwin, R.M., Ten Houten, A., Maximising pollination in poor weather (1989) New Zealand Kiwifruit (February), 20, p. 22; Hii, M.J.W., (2004) Kiwifruit Flower Pollination - Wind Pollination Efficiencies and Sprayer Jet Applications, 323p. , http://www.doc-developpement-durable.org/file/Arbres-Fruitiers/FICHES_ARBRES/Kiwi/Kiwifruit%20flower%20pollination%20-%20University%20of%20Canterbury_thesis.pdf, PhD thesis, University of Canterbury (accessed 15 April 2017); Howlett, B., Butler, R., Nelson, W., Donovan, B., Impact of climate change on crop pollinator activity in New Zealand (2013) MPI Technical Paper No: 2013/30, 45p. , www.mpi.govt.nz/document-vault/4101, (accessed 10 January 2017); Howlett, B.G., Davidson, M.M., Mathers, D., Pyke, N.B., Hedgerow plants to support crop pollination and pest management (2013) The Weta, 46, pp. 3-12; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Donovan, B.J., Teulon, D.A.J., Window traps and direct observations record similar arthropod flower visitor assemblages in two mass flowering crops (2009) Journal of Applied Entomology, 133, pp. 553-564; Howlett, B.G., Hybrid carrot seed crop pollination by the fly calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2012) Journal of Applied Entomology, 136, pp. 421-430; Howlett, B.G., Lankin-Vega, G.O., Pattemore, D.E., Native and introduced bee abundances on carrot seed crops in New Zealand (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 373-379; Macfarlane, R.P., Ferguson, A.M., (1983) Kiwifruit Pollination: A Survey of the Insect Pollinators in New Zealand, pp. 367-373. , V Symposium International sur la Pollination; McBrydie, H.M., Howlett, B.G., Pattemore, D.E., Relative abundance and movement of flower visitors within 'Black doris' plum orchards in hawke's bay, New Zealand (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 58-62; Miñarro, M., Twizell, K.W., Pollination services provided by wild insects to kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) (2015) Apidologie, 46, pp. 276-285; Rader, R., Edwards, W., Westcott, D., Cunningham, S., Howlett, B., Diurnal effectiveness of pollination by bees and flies in agricultural brassica rapa: Implications for ecosystem resilience (2013) Basic and Applied Ecology, 14, pp. 20-27; Read, S.F.J., Howlett, B.G., Jesson, L.K., Pattemore, D.E., Insect visitors to avocado flowers in the bay of plenty, New Zealand (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 38-44; Sharma, M., Mattu, V.K., Thakur, M.L., Pollination studies on kiwi crop (Actinidia deliciosa chev.) in himachal pradesh, India (2013) International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 3, pp. 545-548 PY - 2017 SP - 52-57 ST - Diurnal insect visitation patterns to 'Hayward' kiwifruit flowers in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Diurnal insect visitation patterns to 'Hayward' kiwifruit flowers in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027458673&partnerID=40&md5=c1bdc916d543eeb62cdf10399a5c20c2 VL - 70 ID - 2 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grain discoloration (GD) of rice (Oryza sativa) is a disease complex that occurs on rice panicles as a result of infection by various fungi. Bacillus megaterium, a bacterial antagonist that is effective against sheath blight of rice, was cultured using either nutrient broth, potato dextrose broth or a common household flavour enhancer. Preliminary data from a single experiment suggested that all three cultures supported growth of the bacterium. Spraying diluted bacterial nutrient-broth culture onto rice (var. RD 31) three times (41, 84 and 96 days after transplanting) reduced the mean severity of GD as a result of the field trials from three consecutive growing seasons. The spray did not affect the percentage germination of the rice seeds after they had been stored for three months in the laboratory at room temperature (26°C-32°C). © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Kanjanamaneesathian, M. AU - Meetum, P. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amini, M.M., Alizadeh, M.R., Padasht, F., Elahinia, S.A., Khodaparast, S.A., Rice grain discoloration effect on physical properties and head rice yield in three rice cultivars (2016) Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 8 (2), pp. 283-288; Arshad, H.M.I., Khan, J.A., Naz, S., Khan, S.N., Akram, M., Grain discoloration disease complex: A new threat for rice crop and its management (2009) Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 21 (1), pp. 31-36; Brar, D.S., Khush, G.S., Biotechnological approaches for increasing productivity and sustainability of rice production (2013) Agricultural Sustainability: Progress and Prospects in Crop Research, pp. 151-175. , Bhullar NK, Bhullar GS eds. Academic Press, London; (2015), http://www.brrd.in.th, Thailand Accessed 26 Jan 2015; Burges, H.D., Formulation of mycoinsecticides (1998) Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides: Beneficial Microorganism, Nematodes and Seed Treatments, pp. 131-187. , Burges HD ed. Kluwer Acadimic Publishers, Dordrecht; (2012) Canadian Methods and Procedures for Testing Seeds, , Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) Canada; Chumthong, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Pengnoo, A., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Water-soluble granules containing bacillus megaterium for biological control of rice sheath blight: Formulation, bacterial viability and efficacy testing (2008) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, pp. 2499-2507; Chumthong, A., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Viernstein, H., Pengnoo, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Spray-dried powder of bacillus megaterium for control of rice sheath blight disease: Formulation protocol and efficacy testing in laboratory and greenhouse (2016) Cereal Research Communications, 44 (1), pp. 131-140; Gnanamanickam, S.S., Candole, B.L., Mew, T.W., Influence of soil factors and cultural practice on biological control of sheath blight of rice with antagonistic bacteria (1992) Plant and Soil, 144, pp. 67-75; (2002) Standard Evaluation System for Rice (SES), , IRRI International Rice Research Institute. Los Baños. The Republic of the Philippines; Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Kusonwiriyawong, C., Pengnoo, A., Nilratana, L., Screening of potential bacterial antagonists for control of sheath blight in rice and development of suitable bacterial formulations for effective application (1998) Australasian Plant Pathology, 27, pp. 198-206; Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Chumthong, A., Pengnoo, A., Wiwattanapatapee, R., Bacillus megaterium suppresses major Thailand rice diseases (2009) Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, pp. 154-159; Kumar, K.V.K., Yellareddygari, S.K.R., Reddy, M.S., Kloepper, J.W., Lawrence, K.S., Miller, M., Sudini, H., Groth, D.E., Ultrastructural studies on the interaction between bacillus subtilis MBI 600 (Integral) and the rice sheath blight pathogen, rhizoctonia solani (2013) African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7, pp. 2078-2086; Maketon, M., Apisitsantikul, J., Siriraweekul, C., Greenhouse evaluation of bacillus subtilis AP-01 and trichoderma harzianum AP-01 in controlling tobacco diseases (2008) Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39 (2), pp. 296-300; Mosquera-Espinosa, A.T., Bayman, P., Prado, G.A., Gómez-Carabalí, A., Otero, J.T., The double life of ceratobasidium: Orchid mycorrhizal fungi and their potential for biocontrol of rhizoctonia solani sheath blight of rice (2013) Mycologia, 105, pp. 141-150; Naeimi, S., Okhovvat, S.M., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Vágvölgyi, C., Khosravi, V., Kredics, L., Biological control of rhizoctonia solani AG1-1A, the causal agent of rice sheath blight with trichoderma strains (2010) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 49 (3), pp. 287-300; Pengnoo, A., Kusongwiriyawong, C., Nilratana, L., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Greenhouse and field trials of the bacterial antagonists in pellet formulations to suppress sheath blight of rice caused by rhizoctonia solani (2000) Bio Control, 45 (2), pp. 245-256; Prabhu, A.S., Barbosa Filho, M.P., Datnoff, L.E., Snyder, G.H., Berni, R.F., Rodrigues, F.A., Leandro, J., Dallagnol, L.J., Silicon reduces brown spot severity and grain discoloration on several rice genotypes (2012) Tropical Plant Pathology, 37 (6), pp. 409-414; Prathuangwong, S., Athinuwat, D., Chuaboon, W., Chatnaparat, T., Buensanteai, N., Bioformulation pseudomonas fluorescens SP007s against dirty panicle disease of rice (2013) African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7 (47), pp. 5274-5283; Sapsirisopa, S., Chookietwattana, K., Maneewan, K., Khaengkhan, P., Effect of salt-tolerant bacillus inoculum on rice KDML 105 cultivated in saline soil (2009) Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, pp. 69-74; Sutton, S., Determination of inoculum for microbiological testing (2011) Journal of GXP Compliance, 15 (3), pp. 49-53; (2014), http://www.thairiceexporters.or.th/default_eng.htm, Accessed 9 Dec 2014; Wimalasena, R.A.P.S., Khianngam, S., Na Chiangmai, P., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Common household flavor enhancer as a nutrient for culturing klebsiella variicola C1DO, a potential rice growth promoting bacterium (2017) Proceedings of the 8th International Science, Social Science, Engineering and Energy Conference, p. 4; Wiwattanapatapee, R., Pengnoo, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Matchavanich, W., Nilratana, L., Jantharangsri, A., Floating pellets containing bacterial antagonist for control sheath blight of rice: Formulation, viability and bacterial release studies (2004) Journal of Controlled Release, 95, pp. 453-460; Wiwattanapatapee, R., Chumthong, A., Pengnoo, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Effervescent fast-disintegrating bacterial formulation for biological control of rice sheath blight (2007) Journal of Controlled Release, 119, pp. 229-235; Wiwattanapatapee, R., Chumthong, A., Pengnoo, A., Kanjanamaneesathian, M., Preparation and evaluation of bacillus megaterium-alginate microcapsules for control of rice sheath blight disease (2013) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29, pp. 1487-1497 PY - 2017 SP - 196-202 ST - Efficacy of a simple liquid culture of Bacillus megaterium in suppressing grain discoloration disease of rice (Oryza sativa) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Efficacy of a simple liquid culture of Bacillus megaterium in suppressing grain discoloration disease of rice (Oryza sativa) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027468196&partnerID=40&md5=43073a6b22a9f22fc5fb3d74cbc3d420 VL - 70 ID - 7 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In March 2016, an incursion of the paropsine beetle Paropsisterna variicollis (eucalyptus variegated beetle) was detected in the Hawke's Bay during routine Forest Biosecurity Surveillance. Paropsines cause significant damage to eucalypt plantations in several parts of the world. A survey of three Hawke's Bay sites containing 11 durable eucalypt species was conducted in January 2017. Defoliation by paropsines, and numbers of eggs, larvae and adults were recorded. Adult Pst. variicollis were observed on all eucalypt species, and were present in larger numbers than Paropsis charybdis in two sites. Eucalyptus bosistoana sustained the greatest defoliation and incidence of eggs and larvae, and E. macrorhyncha the least. Parasitism of Pst. variicollis eggs was observed but the agent was not definitively confirmed. Results indicate Pst. variicollis will exhibit a wide host range in New Zealand but variability observed in the levels of defoliation between species may be linked to heritable traits that can be exploited through current breeding programmes. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lin, H. AU - Murray, T. J. AU - Mason, E. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Apiolaza, L.A., McConnochie, R., Millen, P., Van Ballekom, S., Walker, J.C.F., Introducing durable species to New Zealand drylands: Genetics of early adaptation of eucalyptus bosistoana (2011) Developing a Encalypt Resource: Learning from Australia and Elsewhere, pp. 137-145. , Walker J ed. New Zealand Dryland Forests Initiative Workshop; Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S., Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4 (2015) Journal of Statistical Software, 67 (1), pp. 1-48; Christensen, R.H.B., (2015) Ordinal - Regression Models for Ordinal Data, pp. 6-28. , http://www.cran.r-project.orgpackage=ordinal/, R package version 2015; Elek, J.E., Patel, V., The threat to eucalyptus plantations from an emerging tasmanian leaf beetle pest: Paropsisterna selmani (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2016) Australian Forestry, 79 (4), pp. 256-260; Hogan, F.G., Outbreak of an invasive paropsine beetle in south-west Ireland: Preference, performance and damage to eucalyptus (2011) Journal of Applied Entomology, 135, pp. 621-633; Jones, D.C., Withers, T.M., The seasonal abundance of the newly established parasitoid complex of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Paropsis charybdis) (2003) New Zealand Plant Protection, 56, pp. 51-55; Millen, P., NZ dryland forests initiative: A market focused durable eucalypt R&D project (2009) Revisiting Eucalypts. Wood Technology Research Centre, pp. 57-74. , Apiolaza L, Chauhan SVS, Walker JCF eds. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Mo, J.H., Farrow, R.A., Estimation and correction of egg mortality rates from sample data of two coexisting leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Paropsini) (1993) Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 32, pp. 85-92; Murray, T.J., Withers, T.M., Detection and identification of a self-introduced parasitoid of the acacia tortoise beetle (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, p. 282; Murray, T.J., Withers, T.M., Mansfield, S., Bain, J., Distribution and current status of natural enemies of paropsis charybdis in New Zealand (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 185-190; Murphy, B., (2006) Biological Control of Paropsis Charybdis Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Paropsine Threat to Eucalyptus in New Zealand, 98p. , Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch; Murphy, B., Kay, M., Paropsis charybdis defoliation of eucalyptus stands in New Zealand's central north island (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection Society, 53, pp. 334-338; Paine, T.D., Dahlsten, D.L., Millar, J.G., Hoddle, M.S., Hanks, L.M., UC scientists apply IPM techniques to new eucalyptus pest (2000) California Agriculture Magazine, 54 (6), pp. 8-13; Reid, C.A.M., De Little, D.W., A new species of paropsisterna motschulsky, 1860, a significant pest of plantation eucalypts in Tasmania and Ireland (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) (2013) Zootaxa, 3681 (4), pp. 395-404; Rogan, B.J., Biosecurity inspector reports paropsisterna variicollis in hawke's bay (2016) Forest Health News, 269. , Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand; Stone, C., Parsons, M., Matsuki, M., Carnegie, A.J., Pest and disease assessment in young eucalypt plantations: Field manual for using the crown damage index (2003) Bureau of Rural Sciences; Walsh, P.J., Report to the New Zealand farm forestry association on a survey of insect pests and their known distributions as at 23 March 1998 (1998) Tree Grower, 19 (2), pp. 36-39; Yamoah, E., Voice, D., Gunawardana, D., Chandler, B., Hammond, D., Eradication of paropsisterna beata (Newman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in a semi-rural suburb in New Zealand (2016) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 46, p. 5 PY - 2017 SP - 45-51 ST - Incidence of and defoliation by a newly introduced pest, Paropsisterna variicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on eleven durable Eucalyptus species in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Incidence of and defoliation by a newly introduced pest, Paropsisterna variicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on eleven durable Eucalyptus species in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027450838&partnerID=40&md5=75ddef144e8aa8217e2ad792e584fdca VL - 70 ID - 24 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Apple leafcurling midge is an important quarantine pest for New Zealand apple exports. Season-long pheromone trapping was conducted in Hawke's Bay and Nelson from 2004-2017, and from 2012-2017 in Central Otago. Four generations occurred annually in Hawke's Bay and Nelson and 3-4 in Central Otago. In Hawke's Bay and Nelson, the timing of each peak varied by about 3-4 weeks between years, while the difference was ∼2-3 weeks in Central Otago during fewer years of monitoring. Hawke's Bay was up to a month earlier than Central Otago for the same peak within individual years. The major factor behind this variability was the accumulated number of growing degree-days. Insecticide sprays target midge larvae, but are timed against the second and third peaks of adult emergence. Variations in the timing of these peaks annually and across the main pipfruit growing regions, mean that specific insecticide timing recommendations are necessary each year for each region. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Walker, J. T. S. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2015) Fresh Facts New Zealand Horticulture 2015, 36p. , Anon The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Pipfruit New Zealand incorporated (2017) Statistical Annual 2016, 27p. , Anon Pipfruit New Zealand Incorporated; Barnes, H.P., (1948) Gall Midges of Economic Importance, 3. , Gall Midges of Fruit. London: Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd; Cross, J.V., Hall, D.R., Exploitation of the sex pheromone of apple leaf midge Dasineura Mali Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) for pest monitoring: Part 1. Development of lure and trap (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 139-144; Cross, J.V., Hall, D.R., Shaw, P., Anfora, G., Exploitation of the sex pheromone of apple leaf midge Dasineura Mali Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) for pest monitoring: Part 2. Use of sex pheromone traps for pest monitoring (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 128-133; Hall, D.R., Cross, J.V., (2006) Semiochemicals in Management of Apple Leaf Midge Final Report of Defra Project HH3114TTF, 23p. , http://www.defra.gov.uk/science/Project_Data/DocumentLibrary/HH3114TTF/HH3114TTF_3999_FRP.doc; He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Walker, J.T.S., Rogers, D.J., Lo, P.L., A sophisticated life history strategy in a parasitoid wasp: Producing univoltine and multivoltine phenotypes in a local population (2010) Biological Control, 54, pp. 276-284; He, X.Z., Wang, Q., Phenological dynamics of dasineura Mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its parasitoid platygaster demades (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) in apple orchards (2011) Journal of Economic Entomology, 104, pp. 1640-1646; Lo, P.L., Walker, J.T.S., Suckling, D.M., Prospects for control of apple leaf midge dasineura Mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by mass trapping with pheromone lures (2015) Pest Management Science, 71, pp. 907-913; Nauen, R., Reckmann, U., Thomzik, J., Thielert, W., Biological profile of spirotetramat (Movento®) - A new two-way systemic (ambimobile) insecticide against sucking pest species (2008) Bayer CropScience Journal, 61, pp. 245-277; Ratte, H.T., Temperature and insect development (1984) Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry of Insects, pp. 33-66. , Hoffmann KH ed. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Smith, J.T., Chapman, B., Apple leafcurling midge egg laying on different apple cultivars and orchard properties on the waimea plains, nelson (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 247-251; Tomkins, A.R., Wilson, D.J., Thomson, C., Bradley, S., Cole, L., Shaw, P., Gibb, A., Wearing, C.H., Emergence of apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura Mali) and its parasitoid (Platygaster demades) (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 179-184; Wearing, C.H., Marshall, R.R., Attfield, B., Colhoun, C., Phenology and distribution of the apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura Mali (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its natural enemies on apples under biological and integrated pest management in central otago, New Zealand (2013) New Zealand Entomologist, 36, pp. 87-106 PY - 2017 SP - 131-136 ST - Annual and regional variability in adult Dasineura Mali (apple leafcurling midge) emergence in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Annual and regional variability in adult Dasineura Mali (apple leafcurling midge) emergence in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027458760&partnerID=40&md5=17fcbea725190ab17731cbcc38aee727 VL - 70 ID - 25 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Passionvine hopper (PVH; Scolypopa australis) is a significant production pest of kiwifruit in New Zealand and an occasional pest of some other crops. It is also associated with toxic honey. Estimated losses of kiwifruit due to sooty mould associated with feeding by PVH varies from c. 0.5-3% of Class-1 fruit packed, depending on year. Mortality of overwintering eggs due to winter chill may contribute to this inter-annual variation. After cold-hardening under ambient winter conditions, eggs were exposed to six temperatures between -11°C and 0°C. The median minimum lethal temperatures for a 1-h exposure was -9.1°C. Longer exposures (up to 24 h) did not strongly influence mortality at different sub-zero temperatures. Mortality of eggs held at a range of North Island sites was most strongly correlated with the sum of chilling hour degrees (CHD) below a threshold of 10°C in August (r=0.89). © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Logan, D. P. AU - Rowe, C. A. AU - Connolly, P. G. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Andreadis, S.S., Eliopoulos, P.A., Savopoulou-Soultani, M., Cold hardiness of immature and adult stages of the mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella (2012) Journal of Stored Products Research, 48, pp. 132-136; Andrewartha, H.G., Birch, L.C., (1984) The Ecological Web: More on the Distribution and Abundance of Animals, 520p. , University of Chicago, Chicago; Bale, J.S., Insect cold hardiness: A matter of life and death (1996) European Journal of Entomology, 93, pp. 369-382; Chambers, J.M., Hastie, T.J., (1992) Statistical Models in S. Wadsworth and Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software, 608p. , Pacific Grove, CA; Charles, J.G., Allan, D.J., Passionvine hopper, scolypopa australis (Walker) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae), egg parasitism by aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) in New Zealand (2004) New Zealand Entomologist, 27, pp. 83-89; Chown, S.L., Gaston, K.J., Exploring the links between physiology and ecology at macro-scales: The role of respiratory metabolism in insects (1999) Biological Reviews, 74, pp. 87-120; Chown, S.L., Terblanche, J.S., Physiological diversity in insects: Ecological and evolutionary contexts (2006) Advances in Insect Physiology, 33, pp. 50-152; Chown, S.L., Nicolson, S.W., (2009) Insect Physiological Ecology: Mechanisms and Patterns, 243p. , Oxford University Press, Oxford; Cumber, R.A., Factors influencing population levels of Scolypopa australis Walker (Hemiptera-Homoptera: Ricaniidae) in New Zealand (1966) New Zealand Journal of Science, 9, pp. 336-356; Cumber, R.A., Factors influencing egg survival of Scolypopa australis Walker (Hemiptera-Homoptera: Ricaniidae) in the Sydney area (N.S.W. Australia) (1967) New Zealand Journal of Science, 10, pp. 639-643; Fletcher, M.J., (1978) The Taxonomy, Reproduction and Development of the Fulgoroid Homopterans Scolypopa Australis (Walker) (Ricaniidae) and Kallitambinia Australis (Muir) (Tropiduchidae), 208p. , PhD thesis, University of Sydney, Sydney; Gerard, P.J., (1985) The Ecology of Scolypopa Australis and its Parasite Centrodora Scolypopae, 257p. , PhD thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton; Lee, R.E., Jr., Principles of insect low temperature tolerance (1991) Insects at Low Temperature, pp. 17-47. , Lee Jr RE, Denlinger DL ed. Chapman & Hall, New York; Logan, D.P., Allison, P., Stannard, K., Selection of wild hosts for feeding by passion vine hopper, scolypopa australis (Walker) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) in the bay of plenty (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 368-373; MacMillan, H.A., Sinclair, B.J., Mechanisms underlying insect chill-coma (2011) Journal of Insect Physiology, 57, pp. 12-20; Matheson, A.G., (1978) Aspects of the Biology of Scolypopa Australis Walker (Homoptera: Ricaniidae), 122p. , MSc thesis, University of Waikato Hamilton; R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2016) R Foundation for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, Vienna, Austria; Renault, D., Salin, C., Vannier, G., Vernon, P., Survival at low temperatures in insects: What is the ecological significance of the supercooling point? (2002) Cryo Letters, 23, pp. 217-228; Riley, C.V., Howard, L.O., A New Zealand froghopper (1891) Insect Life, 3, p. 424; Robertson, L.M., Edlin, J.S., Edwards, J.D., Investigating the importance of altitude and weather condtions for the production of toxic honey in New Zealand (2010) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 38, pp. 87-100; Spiller, D.M., Wise, K.A.J., A catalogue (1860-1960) of New Zealand insects and their host plants (1982) DSIR Science Information Division, 260p. , Wellington; Steven, D., Entomology and kiwifruit (1990) Kiwifruit: Science and Management, pp. 362-412. , Warrington IJ, Weston GC ed. Ray Richards Publisher, Auckland; Turnock, W.J., Fields, P.G., Winter climates and coldhardiness in terrestrial insects (2005) European Journal of Entomology, 102, pp. 561-576 PY - 2017 SP - 120-130 ST - Cold hardiness and effect of winter chilling on mortality of passionvine hopper (Scolypopa australis) eggs T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Cold hardiness and effect of winter chilling on mortality of passionvine hopper (Scolypopa australis) eggs UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027469697&partnerID=40&md5=ccbd2d0910dfa4a8d4a32c8933794cb0 VL - 70 ID - 32 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Japanese plum 'Black Doris' (Prunus salicina) is a self-infertile early-flowering crop so insufficient cross pollination and lack of pollinators could be factors to explain reported poor fruit set. This project assessed the relative abundance of flower visitors within a plum orchard and their movements among three orchards, as part of a wider study on plum pollination. Insect surveys conducted over three days across one orchard in 2014 identified a total of 479 individual pollinators. Honey bees represented 94.6% of all pollinators observed. To assess pollinator movement across the crop, 140 individual flower visitors were followed over a five-day period in 2014 and again in 2015 across three orchards. Bumble bees moved further within the orchard and visited more trees per minute than foraging honey bees, while silvereyes visited more than twice as many flowers per minute than any other insect flower visitor. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - McBrydie, H. M. AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Pattemore, D. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Benachour, K., Louadi, K., Inventory of insect visitors, foraging behaviour and pollination efficiency of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenpoptera: Apidae) on plum (Prunus salicina lindl.) (Rosaceae) in the constantine area, Algeria (2013) African Entomology, 21 (2), pp. 354-361; Faust, M., Surányi, D., Origin and dissemination of plums (1999) Horticultural Reviews, 23, pp. 179-231; Free, J.B., (1993) Insect Pollination of Crops, , 2nd ed. London UK, Academic Press; Guerra, M.E., Rodrigo, J., Japanese plum pollination: A review (2015) Scientia Horticulturae, 197, pp. 674-686; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Rader, R., Butler, R.C., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Teulon, D.A.J., Can insect body pollen counts be used to estimate pollen deposition on pak choi stigmas? (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 25-31; Howlett, B.G., Hybrid carrot seed crop pollination by the fly calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2012) Journal of Applied Entomology, 136 (6), pp. 421-430; Howlett, B.G., Butler, R.C., Nelson, W.R., Donovan, B.J., Impact of climate change on crop pollinator activity in New Zealand (2013) MPI Technical Paper No: 2013/30, 44p. , www.mpi.govt.nz/document-vault/4101, Ministry for Primary Industries; Howlett, B.G., Davidson, M.M., Pattemore, D.E., Walker, M.K., Nelson, W.R., Seasonality of calliphorid and sarcophagid flies across canterbury arable farms requiring pollinators (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 290-295; Howlett, B.G., Evans, L.J., Pattemore, D.E., Nelson, W.R., Stigmatic pollen delivery by flies and bees: Methods comparing multiple species within a pollinator community (2017) Basic and Applied Ecology, 19, pp. 19-25; Pattemore, D.E., Wilcove, D.S., Invasive rats and recent colonist birds partially compensate for the loss of endemic New Zealand pollinators (2012) Proceedings of the Royal Society - Biological Sciences, 279 (1733), pp. 1597-1605; Rader, R., Howlett, B.G., Cunningham, S.A., Westcott, D.A., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Walker, M.K., Teulon, D.A.J., Edwards, W., Alternative pollinator taxa are equally efficient but not as effective as the honeybee in a mass flowering crop (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46 (5), pp. 1080-1087; Sapir, G., Goldway, M., Shafir, S., Stern, R.A., Multiple introduction of honeybee colonies increases cross-pollination, fruit-set and yield of 'Black diamond' Japanese plum (Prunus salicina lindl.) (2015) The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 82 (4), pp. 590-596; Yoshida, M., The origin of fruits. 2: Plums (1987) Fruit Japan, 42 (2), pp. 49-53 PY - 2017 SP - 58-62 ST - Relative abundance and movement of flower visitors within 'Black Doris' plum orchards in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Relative abundance and movement of flower visitors within 'Black Doris' plum orchards in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027436941&partnerID=40&md5=109150afc91cc2f94d0c14e4fc6714d3 VL - 70 ID - 22 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Birds can be major pests in agricultural and horticultural crops as well as being serious hazards to operating aircraft. Cultivars of perennial ryegrass, a hybrid ryegrass and tall fescue, associated with selected Epichloë fungal endophytes were evaluated in aviary and field experiments for their management potential of three nuisance bird species selected as model systems representative of major bird classifications based on their diet. Granivores, namely European green finches, ate more endophyte-free perennial ryegrass seed than endophyte-infected seed, while the representative omnivores, black-backed gulls, avoided endophyte-enhanced feed pellets. The selected herbivore, Canada geese, showed an aversion to field trial plots sown with endophyte-infected grass containing ergovaline compared with the existing ground cover. Therefore habitat modification using selected grass-endophyte associations offers an effective wildlife management option aimed at reducing birds in problematic areas. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Pennell, C. G. L. AU - Rolston, M. P. AU - Baird, D. AU - Hume, D. E. AU - McKenzie, C. M. AU - Card, S. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Avery, M.L., Relative importance of taste and vision in reducing bird damage to crops with methiocarb, a chemical repellent (1984) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 11, pp. 299-308; Avery, M.L., Decker, D.G., Humphrey, J.S., Aronov, E., Linscombe, S.D., Way, M., Methyl anthranilate as a rice seed treatment to deter birds (1995) The Journal of Wildlife Management, 59, pp. 50-56; Baxter, A.T., Allan, J.R., Use of lethal control to reduce habituation to blank rounds by scavenging birds (2008) The Journal of Wildlife Management, 72, pp. 1653-1657; Belant, J.L., Martin, J.A., Principles of avian ecology and biology. Bird harassment, repellent, and deterrent techniques for use on and near airports (2011) Transportation Research Board, pp. 6-9. , Washington, USA; Belant, J.L., DeVault, T.L., Blackwell, B.F., Conclusions and future directions (2013) Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal-aircraft Collisions Through Science Based Management, pp. 167-170. , DeVault TL, Blackwell BF, Belant JL eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA; Blackwell, B.F., Fernandez-Juricic, E., Behavior and physiology in the development and application of visual deterrents at airports (2013) Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal-aircraft Collisions Through Science Based Management, pp. 11-22. , DeVault TL, Blackwell BF, Belant JL eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA; Caradus, J.R., Lovatt, S., Belgrave, B., Adoption of forage technologies (2013) New Zealand Grassland Association, pp. 39-44. , Tauranga, New Zealand; Carlson, J.C., Tupper, S.K., Werner, S.J., Pettit, S.E., Santer, M.M., Linz, G.M., Laboratory efficacy of an anthraquinone-based repellent for reducing bird damage to ripening corn (2013) Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 145, pp. 26-31; Clark, L., Review of bird repellents (1998) Proceedings of the Eighteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, pp. 330-337. , University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Clark, L., Avery, M.L., Effectiveness of chemical repellents in managing birds at airports (2013) Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal-aircraft Collisions Through Science Based Management, pp. 25-35. , DeVault TL, Blackwell BF, Belant JL eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA; Coley, A.B., Fribourg, H.A., Pelton, M.R., Gwinn, K.D., Effects of tall fescue endophyte infestation on relative abundance of small mammals (1995) Journal of Environmental Quality, 24, pp. 472-475; Conover, M.R., Chasko, G.G., Nuisance Canada goose problems in the eastern United States (1985) Wildlife Society Bulletin, 13, pp. 228-233; Conover, M.R., Messmer, T.A., Consequences for captive zebra finches of consuming tall fescue seeds infected with the endophytic fungus acremonium coenophialum (1996) The Auk, 113, pp. 492-495; Conover, M.R., Messmer, T.A., Feeding preferences and changes in mass of Canada geese grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue (1996) Condor, 98, pp. 859-862; Dolbeer, R.A., Avery, M.L., Tobin, M.E., Assessment of field hazards to birds from methiocarb applications to fruit crops (1994) Pesticide Science, 40, pp. 147-161; Dolbeer, R.A., Wright, S.E., Weller, J.R., Anderson, A.L., Begier, M.J., Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States, 1990-2014 report of the associate administrator of airports (2014) Office of Airport Safety and Standards. Airport Safety and Certification Federal Aviation Administration, 101p. , U. S. Department of Agriculture. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Wildlife Services; Esther, A., Tilcher, R., Jacob, J., Assessing the effects of three potential chemical repellents to prevent bird damage to corn seeds and seedlings (2013) Pest Management Science, 69, pp. 425-430; Feare, C.J., Sanders, M.F., Blasco, R., Bishop, J.D., Canada goose (Branta canadensis) droppings as a potential source of pathogenic bacteria (1999) The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 119, pp. 146-155; Finch, S.C., Pennell, C.G.L., Kerby, J.W.F., Cave, V.M., Mice find endophyte-infected seed of tall fescue unpalatable - Implications for the aviation industry (2016) Grass and Forage Science, 71, pp. 659-666; Godin, A.J., Birds at airports (1994) The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage, 56, 4p; Johnson, L., De Bonth, A., Briggs, L., Caradus, J., Finch, S., Fleetwood, D., Fletcher, L., Card, S., The exploitation of epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit (2013) Fungal Diversity, 60, pp. 171-188; Kullas, H., Coles, M., Rhyan, J., Clark, L., Prevalence of Escherichia coli serogroups and human virulence factors in faeces of urban Canada geese (Branta canadensis) (2002) International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 12, pp. 153-162; Latch, G.C.M., Vaughn, D.A., Search for seedborne endophytic fungi in rice (1995) International Rice Research Notes, 20, p. 4; Linz, G.M., Homan, H.J., Werner, S., Carlson, J.C., Bleier, W.J., Sunflower growers use nonlethal methods to manage blackbird damage (2012) Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for Publications, pp. 114-118. , University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA, Digital Commons; Mason, J.R., Clark, L., Miller, T.P., Evaluation of a pelleted bait containing methyl anthranilate as a bird repellent (1993) Pesticide Science, 39, pp. 299-304; Nicolaus, L.K., Lee, H., Low acute exposure to organophosphate produces long-term changes in bird feeding behavior (1999) Ecological Applications, 9, pp. 1039-1049; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., The effect of grass-endophyte associations on feeding of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) (2003) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association, pp. 239-243. , Palmerston North, New Zealand; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., De Bonth, A., Simpson, W., Hume, D., Development of a bird-deterrent fungal endophyte in turf tall fescue (2010) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 53, pp. 145-150; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., Latham, A., Mace, W., Vlaming, J., Van Koten, C., Latham, M., Card, S., Novel grass-endophyte associations reduce the feeding behaviour of invasive European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (2017) Wildlife Research, 43, pp. 681-690; Pennell, C.G.L., Rolston, M.P., Koten, C.V., Hume, D.E., Card, S.D., Reducing bird numbers at New Zealand airports using a unique endophyte product (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 224-234; Pennell, C.G.L., Popay, A.J., Rolston, M.P., Townsend, R.J., Lloyd-West, C.M., Card, S.D., Avanex unique endophyte technology - A biological deterrent for the aviation industries (2016) Environmental Entomology, 45, pp. 101-108; Sayre, R.W., Clark, L., Effect of primary and secondary repellents on European starlings: An initial assessment (2001) The Journal of Wildlife Management, 65, pp. 461-469; Schardl, C.L., Young, C.A., Faulkner, J.R., Florea, S., Pan, J., Chemotypic diversity of epichloae, fungal symbionts of grasses (2012) Fungal Ecology, 5, pp. 331-344; Schardl, C.L., Florea, S., Pan, J., Nagabhyru, P., Bec, S., Calie, P.J., The epichloae: Alkaloid diversity and roles in symbiosis with grasses (2013) Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 16, pp. 480-488; Seamans, T.W., Martin, J.A., Belant, J.L., Tactile and auditory repellents to reduce wildlife hazards to aircraft (2013) Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal-aircraft Collisions Through Science Based Management, pp. 37-46. , DeVault TL, Blackwell BF, Belant JL eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA; Shivik, J.A., Treves, A., Callahan, P., Nonlethal techniques for managing predation: Primary and secondary repellents (2003) Conservation Biology, 17, pp. 1531-1537; Spiering, M.J., Lane, G.A., Christensen, M.J., Schmid, J., Distribution of the fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii is not a major determinant of the distribution of fungal alkaloids in lolium perenne plants (2005) Phytochemistry, 66, pp. 195-202; Spiering, M.J., Davies, E., Tapper, B.A., Schmid, J., Lane, G.A., Simplified extraction of ergovaline and peramine for analysis of tissue distribution in endophyte-infected grass tillers (2002) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, pp. 5856-5862; Tapper, B., Latch, G., Selection against toxin production in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass. Ryegrass endophyte: An essential New Zealand symbiosis (1999) Grassland Research and Practice Series, 7, pp. 107-111; Treves, A., Wallace, R.B., Naughton-Treves, L., Morales, A., Co-managing human-wildlife conficts: A review (2006) Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 11, pp. 383-396; Walker, I., (2007) Statistics for Pychology: Making Sense of our World Through Analysis, , http://staff.bath.ac.uk/pssiw/stats2/page2/page14/page14.html, 20th September; Washburn, B.E., Loven, J.S., Begier, M.J., Sullivan, D.P., Evaluating commercially available tall fescue varieties for airfields (2007) FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference Atlantic City, 12p. , II HAW New Jersey, USA; Werner, S.J., Tupper, S.K., Carlson, J.C., Pettit, S.E., Ellis, J.W., Linz, G.M., The role of a generalized ultraviolet cue for blackbird food selection (2012) Physiology & Behavior, 106, pp. 597-601 PY - 2017 SP - 255-264 ST - Using novel-grass endophyte associations as an avian deterrent T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Using novel-grass endophyte associations as an avian deterrent UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027443790&partnerID=40&md5=af4a21f691299872da95a35b6c2f79e6 VL - 70 ID - 31 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Birds are a major issue for airport authorities worldwide creating hazards to operating aircraft. The effect of a species of grass, Schedonorus arundinaceus, colonised by a unique strain of the mutualistic fungal endophyte Epichloé coenophiala on bird abundance was examined during a series of trials at two New Zealand airports between 2007 and 2012. Fewer birds were observed on S. arundinaceus cv. Jackal AR601 plots compared with the original uncultivated ground cover for many months of the year across many years of trials. This corresponds with data collected by airport authorities on the number of bird strikes experienced by these airports before and after the introduction and establishment of S. arundinaceus cv. Jackal AR601. This plant-fungal association was later developed into the product known as Avanex. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Pennell, C. G. L. AU - Rolston, M. P. AU - Van Koten, C. AU - Hume, D. E. AU - Card, S. D. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Allan, J.R., The costs of bird strikes and bird strike prevention. Human conficts with wildlife: Economic considerations (2002) USDA National Wildlife Research Center Symposia, pp. 147-153. , Lincoln, USA; Baxter, A.T., Allan, J.R., Use of lethal control to reduce habituation to blank rounds by scavenging birds (2008) The Journal of Wildlife Management, 72, pp. 1653-1657; Blackwell, B.F., Fernandez-Juricic, E., Behavior and physiology in the development and application of visual deterrents at airports (2013) Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal-aircraft Collisions Through Science Based Management, pp. 11-22. , DeVault TL, Blackwell BF, Belant JL eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA; Blackwell, B.F., DeVault, T.L., Fernández-Juricic, E., Dolbeer, R.A., Wildlife collisions with aircraft: A missing component of land-use planning for airports (2009) Landscape and Urban Planning, 93, pp. 1-9; Card, S.D., Rolston, M.P., Lloyd-West, C., Hume, D.E., Novel perennial ryegrass-neotyphodium endophyte associations: Relationships between seed weight, seedling vigour and endophyte presence (2014) Symbiosis, 62, pp. 51-62; Cleary, E.C., Dolbeer, R.A., Wildlife hazard management at airports: A manual for airport personnel (2005) USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications, , U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards. Paper 133; Cleary, E.C., Wright, S.E., Dolbeer, R.A., (2005) Wildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft in the United States 1991-2004, , U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration Series. Report number 11; Coley, A.B., Fribourg, H.A., Pelton, M.R., Gwinn, K.D., Effects of tall fescue endophyte infestation on relative abundance of small mammals (1995) Journal of Environmental Quality, 24, pp. 472-475; Conover, M.R., Impact of consuming tall fescue seeds infected with the endophytic fungus, neotyphodium coenophialum, on reproduction of chickens (2003) Theriogenology, 59, pp. 1313-1323; Conover, M.R., Messmer, T.A., Feeding preferences and changes in mass of Canada geese grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue (1996) Condor, 98, pp. 859-862; Conover, M.R., Messmer, T.A., Consequences for captive zebra finches of consuming tall fescue seeds infected with the endophytic fungus acremonium coenophialum (1996) The Auk, 113, pp. 492-495; DeVault, T.L., Belant, J.L., Blackwell, B.F., Seamans, T.W., Interspecific variation in wildlife hazards to aircraft: Implications for airport wildlife management (2011) Wildlife Society Bulletin, 35, pp. 394-402; DeVault, T.L., Begier, M.J., Belant, J.L., Blackwell, B.F., Dolbeer, R.A., Martin, J.A., Seamans, T.W., Washburn, B.E., Rethinking airport land-cover paradigms: Agriculture, grass, and wildlife hazards (2013) Human-Wildlife Interactions, 7, pp. 10-15; Dolbeer, R.A., Wright, S.E., Weller, J., Begier, M.J., Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States, 1990-2009 (2011) National Wildlife Strike Database Serial Report No. 16, , Federal Aviation Administration Office of Airport Safety and Standards; Durham, W.F., Tannenbaum, M.G., Effects of endophyte consumption on food intake, growth, and reproduction in prairie voles (1998) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, pp. 960-969; (2012) Wildlife Hazard Assessments and Wildlife Management Plans at Part 139 and GA Airports, , Federal Aviation Administration Washington, USA; Finch, S.C., Pennell, C.G.L., Kerby, J.W.F., Cave, V.M., Mice find endophyte-infected seed of tall fescue unpalatable - Implications for the aviation industry (2016) Grass and Forage Science, 71, pp. 659-666; Godin, A.J., Birds at airports (1994) The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage University of Nebraska, , Hygnstrom SE, Tim RM, Larson GE eds. USA. Section E-1; Higgins, P.J., Peter, J.M., Cowling, S.J., (2006) Family Fringillidae Old World Finches, pp. 1302-1305. , Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia; Johnson, L., De Bonth, A., Briggs, L., Caradus, J., Finch, S., Fleetwood, D., Fletcher, L., Card, S., The exploitation of epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit (2013) Fungal Diversity, 60, pp. 171-188; Leuchtmann, A., Bacon, C.W., Schardl, C.L., White, J.F., Tadych, M., Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epichloé (2014) Mycologia, 106, pp. 202-215; Madej, C.W., Clay, K., Avian seed preference and weight loss experiments: The effect of fungal endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds (1991) Oecologia, 88, pp. 296-302; Panaccione, D., Cipoletti, J., Sedlock, A., Blemmings, K., Shardl, C., Machodo, C., Seidel, G., Effects of ergot alkaloids on food preference and satiety in rabbits, as assessed with geneknockout endophytes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (2006) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, pp. 4582-4587; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., The effect of grass-endophyte associations on feeding of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) (2003) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grasslands Association, pp. 239-243. , Palmerston North, New Zealand; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., De Bonth, A., Simpson, W., Hume, D., Development of a bird-deterrent fungal endophyte in turf tall fescue (2010) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 53, pp. 145-150; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., Latham, A., Mace, W., Vlaming, J., Van Koten, C., Latham, M., Card, S., Novel grass-endophyte associations reduce the feeding behaviour of invasive European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (2017) Wildlife Research, 43, pp. 681-690; Pennell, C.G.L., Popay, A.J., Ball, O.J.P., Hume, D.E., Baird, D.B., Occurrence and impact of pasture mealybug (Balanococcus poae) and root aphid (Aploneura lentisci) on ryegrass (Lolium spp.) with and without infection by neotyphodium fungal endophytes (2005) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 48, pp. 329-337; Pennell, C.G.L., Popay, A.J., Rolston, M.P., Townsend, R.J., Lloyd-West, C.M., Card, S.D., Avanex unique endophyte technology - A biological deterrent for the aviation industries (2016) Environmental Entomology, 45, pp. 101-108; Solman, V.E.F., Birds and aviation (1981) Environmental Conservation, 8, pp. 45-51; Thomas, J., Davies, L., (1964) Common British Grasses and Legumes, , Longmans, London; Washburn, B.E., Loven, J.S., Begier, M.J., Sullivan, D.P., Evaluating commercially available tall fescue varieties for airfields (2007) FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference Atlantic City, , II HAW New Jersey, USA PY - 2017 SP - 224-234 ST - Reducing bird numbers at New Zealand airports using a unique endophyte product T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Reducing bird numbers at New Zealand airports using a unique endophyte product UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027443778&partnerID=40&md5=d61d3a108662a250949e583df4b60fbd VL - 70 ID - 21 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Insect pollination is key to ensuring adequate fruit yields within avocado orchards. Various bee and non-bee insect species have been considered as potential pollinators of avocado worldwide, but in New Zealand there has been little research into which insect species visit avocado flowers. In the Bay of Plenty, an important avocado production area, flower visitor abundance and diversity data were obtained by conducting observational surveys in four orchards in November 2015. Honey bees were the dominant flower visitors in all orchards surveyed, representing 92.9% of all insects recorded, but there was high variation in numbers among sites. Other common insects observed included the beetle, Zorion guttigerum (3.4%), and bumblebees Bombus spp. (1.6%). A better understanding of the interaction between honey bee stocking rates and flower visitor abundances within orchards could assist in improving pollination recommendations. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Read, S. F. J. AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Jesson, L. K. AU - Pattemore, D. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2006) Grower and Beekeeper Guide: Avocado Pollination - Best Practice Guidelines, , Avocado Industry Council Ltd Avocado Industry Council Ltd, Tauranga, New Zealand; Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S., Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4 (2015) Journal of Statistical Software, 67, pp. 1-48; Evans, L., Goodwin, R., McBrydie, H., Factors affecting 'Hass' avocado (Persea Americana) fruit set in New Zealand (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 214-218; Evans, L.J., Goodwin, R.M., Howlett, B.G., The role of insect pollinators in avocado (Persea Americana) pollination in New Zealand and Australia (2011) Proceedings VII World Avocado Congress, p. 7; Garibaldi, L.A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Aizen, M.A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S.A., Kremen, C., Afik, O., Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey-bee abundance (2013) Science, 339, pp. 1608-1611. , others; Gazit, S., Pollination and fruit set of avocado. Proceedings of the first international tropical fruit short course: The avocado (1976) Gainesville: Fruit Crops Dept., Florida Cooperative, pp. 88-92. , Sauls JW, Phillips RL, and Jackson LK eds. Extension Service. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida; Howlett, B.G., Hybrid carrot seed crop pollination by the fly calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2012) Journal of Applied Entomology, 136, pp. 421-430; Howlett, B.G., Read, S.F.J., Jesson, L.K., Benoist, A., Evans, L.E., Pattemore, D.E., Diurnal insect visitation patterns to 'Hayward' kiwifruit flowers in New Zealand (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 52-57; Howlett, B., Butler, R., Nelson, W., Donovan, B., Impact of climate change on crop pollinator activity in New Zealand (2013) MPI Technical Paper No: 2013/30, 45p. , www.mpi.govt.nz/document-vault/4101, Ministry for Primary Industries (accessed 10 January 2017). 45p; Howlett, B.G., Davidson, M.M., Mathers, D., Pyke, N.B., Hedgerow plants to support crop pollination and pest management (2013) Weta, 46, pp. 3-12; Howlett, B.G., Evans, L.J., Pattemore, D.E., Nelson, W.R., Stigmatic pollen delivery by flies and bees: Methods comparing multiple species within a pollinator community (2017) Basic and Applied Ecology, 19, pp. 19-25; Ish-Am, G., Eisikowitch, D., The behaviour of honey bees (Apis mellifera) visiting avocado (Persea Americana) flowers and their contribution to its pollination (1993) Journal of Apicultural Research, 32, pp. 175-186; Ish-Am, G., Lahav, E., Evidence for a major role of honeybees (Apis mellifera) rather than wind during avocado (Persea Americana mill.) pollination (2011) Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 86, pp. 589-594; Macfarlane, R.P., Ferguson, A.M., Kiwifruit pollination: A survey of the insect pollinators in New Zealand (1984) Fifth International Symposium on Pollination, , Versailles. Sept. 1983, Les Colloques de I'INRA; McBrydie, H.M., Howlett, B.G., Pattemore, D.E., Relative abundance and movement of flower visitors within 'Black doris' plum orchards in hawke's bay (2017) New Zealand New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 58-62; Perez-Balam, J., Quezada-Euan, J.J., Alfaro-Bates, R., Medina, S., McKendrick, L., Soro, A., Paxton, R.J., The contribution of honey bees, flies and wasps to avocado (Persea Americana) pollination in southern Mexico (2012) Journal of Pollination Ecology, 8, pp. 42-47; Rader, R., Howlett, B.G., Cunningham, S.A., Westcott, D.A., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Walker, M.K., Teulon, D.A.J., Edwards, W., Alternative pollinator taxa are equally efficient but not as effective as the honeybee in a mass flowering crop (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 1080-1087; Zuur, A.F., Ieno, E.N., Walker, N.J., Saveliev, A.A., Smith, G.M., (2009) Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R, , (1 ed.). Springer, New York PY - 2017 SP - 38-44 ST - Insect visitors to avocado flowers in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Insect visitors to avocado flowers in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027448793&partnerID=40&md5=a95c14be7b1106e9e10b3fad85a93b3b VL - 70 ID - 38 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Caterpillars of the genus Wiseana, commonly known as porina, are pests of improved pastures in New Zealand. Seven species are currently recognised but morphological identification of individual species is extremely difficult. Therefore, two new molecular-based identification methods have recently been developed. However, analysis of an adult W. fuliginea specimen was required to confirm the tentative identification of a W. fuliginea larva collected from Southland. No adult W. fuliginea have been collected in the last twenty years so DNA was extracted from voucher specimens of 33-year-old dried W. fuliginea adults held by the New Zealand Arthropod Collection. A 1,035 bp sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I gene for each of the two museum W. fuliginea voucher moths was generated and proved identical to the sequence from the Southland larva. A new method for confirming the identification of porina specimens is available as a result of this work. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Richards, N. K. AU - Ehau-Taumaunu, H. AU - Ferguson, C. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Atijegbe, S.R., Mansfield, S., Rostás, M., Worner, S., Ferguson, C.M., Growth rate, survival and preference of porina (Wiseana spp) to selected grasses (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, p. 326; Barratt, B.I.P., Van Toor, R.F., Ferguson, C.M., Stewart, K.M., (1990) Grass Grub and Porina in Otago and Southland: A Guide to Management and Control, , MAF Technology, Mosgiel, New Zealand; Brown, B., Emberson, R.M., Paterson, A.M., Phylogeny of "Oxycanus" lineages of hepialid moths from New Zealand inferred from sequence variation in the mtDNA COI and II gene regions (1999) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 13, pp. 463-473; Brown, B., Emberson, R.M., Paterson, A.M., Mitochondrial COI and II provide useful markers for wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) species identification (1999) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 89, pp. 287-293; Brown, B., Emberson, R.M., Paterson, A.M., Phylogenetic relationships within the genus wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) (2000) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 27, pp. 1-14; Brown, J.M., Pellmyr, O., Thompson, J.N., Harrison, R.G., Phylogeny of greya (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae), based on nucleotide sequence variation in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II: Congruence with morphological data (1994) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 11, pp. 128-141; Dugdale, J.S., (1994) Hepialidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera), , Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand; Edgar, R.C., MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput (2004) Nucleic Acids Research, 32, pp. 1792-1797; Ehau-Taumaunu, H., Marshall, S.D.G., Ferguson, C.M., Mark-Shadbolt, M., MacDiarmid, R.M., O'Callaghan, M., A sweet potato story: The likelihood of porina feeding on kumara (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, p. 324; Ehau-Taumaunu, H., (2017) Uncovering Microbiota Profiles and Traditional Máori Host Plants of Wiseana Spp. In New Zealand, , Thesis submitted for Masters of Science, University of Auckland; Ferguson, C.M., Susceptibility of wiseana species to diflubenzuron and implications for field applications (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 430-435; Ferguson, C.M., Gee-Taylor, M.A., Richards, N.K., February/March moth flights in manawatu have important implications for porina management (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, p. 326; Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., Vrijenhoek, R., DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates (1994) Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, pp. 294-299; Herbert, J.M., (1995) Biochemical Identification of Wiseana Larvae and Implications for Pest Control, , Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Hundsdoerfer, A.K., Kitching, I.J., Historic DNA for taxonomy and conservation: A casestudy of a century-old hawaiian hawkmoth type (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) (2017) PLOS One; Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Drummond, A., Geneious basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data (2012) Bioinformatics, 28, pp. 1647-1649; MacArthur, G., (1986) An Electrophoretic Contribution to the Systematics of the Genus Wiseana Viette (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), , Unpublished Masters thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Mansfield, S., Townsend, R.J., Ferguson, C.M., Richards, N.K., Marshall, S.D.G., Porina flight activity and larval distribution in pastures on the West Coast of the South Island. [Poster] (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, p. 327; Nielsen, E.S., Robinson, G.S., Wagner, D.L., Ghost-moths of the world: A global inventory and bibliography of the exoporia (Mnesarchaeoidea and hepialoidea) (Lepidoptera) (2000) Journal of Natural History, 34, pp. 823-878; Richards, N.K., Mansfield, S., Townsend, R.J., Ferguson, C.M., Genetic variation within species and haplotypes of the wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) complex and development of non-sequenced based identification tools to aid field studies (2017) Pest Management Science; Wandeler, P., Hoeck, P.E.A., Keller, L.F., Back to the future: Museum specimens in population genetics (2007) TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 22, pp. 634-642 PY - 2017 SP - 235-240 ST - DNA from 33-year-old dried moth specimens help confirm larva as the elusive Wiseana fuliginea T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - DNA from 33-year-old dried moth specimens help confirm larva as the elusive Wiseana fuliginea UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027454233&partnerID=40&md5=4344e2826b94a6aedb92200fab83a985 VL - 70 ID - 29 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Apple leafcurling midge (ALCM) is an important quarantine pest of New Zealand apples. Current methods for ALCM control have difficulty meeting the strict phytosanitary standards of some export markets. 'Lure and kill' is a new strategy against this pest, in which males are attracted to an insecticide-treated substrate where they collect a lethal dose. Trials were conducted using a gel matrix "Specialized Pheromone & Lure Application Technology" (SPLAT") to dispense and release the ALCM sex pheromone and the insecticide permethrin. Lures using SPLAT" were placed within plastic cylinder traps that collected the dead midges so they could be counted to determine treatment efficacy. The size, shape and age of SPLAT" spots influenced midge catches. Higher catches occurred with spots having a larger quantity of pheromone, greater surface area of SPLAT", or with fresh material. The implications for the development of a lure and kill strategy for ALCM are discussed. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Rogers, D. J. AU - Lo, P. L. AU - Walker, J. T. S. AU - Cole, L. M. AU - Devitt, J. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Cross, J.V., Hall, D.R., Exploitation of the sex pheromone of apple leaf midge Dasineura Mali Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) for pest monitoring: Part 1. Development of lure and trap (2009) Crop Protection, 28, pp. 139-144; Elliott, M., Janes, N., Potter, C., The future of pyrethroids in insect control (1978) Annual Review of Entomology, 23, pp. 443-469; Hall, D., Cross, J., (2006) Semiochemicals in Management of Apple Leaf Midge Final Report of Defra Project HH3114TTF, p. 23. , http://www.defra.gov.uk/science/Project_Data/DocumentLibrary/HH3114TTF/HH3114TTF_3999_FRP.doc; Lo, P.L., Walker, J.T.S., Suckling, D.M., Prospects for the control of apple leaf midge dasineura Mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by mass trapping with pheromone lures (2015) Pest Management Science, 71, pp. 907-913; Shaw, P.W., Wallis, D.R., Predation of apple leafcurling midge, dasineura Mali, by sejanus albisignata (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 49-53; Suckling, D.M., Walker, J.T.S., Shaw, P.W., Manning, L.-A., Lo, P., Wallis, R., Bell, V., El-Sayed, A.M., Trapping dasinuera Mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in apples (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 745-751; Walker, J.T.S., Park, N.M., Butcher, M.R., Apple futures: New Zealand's low pesticide residue apple production programme (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 282-290 PY - 2017 SP - 137-141 ST - Development of a 'lure and kill' technique for apple leafcurling midge, Dasineura Mali T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Development of a 'lure and kill' technique for apple leafcurling midge, Dasineura Mali UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027451856&partnerID=40&md5=0f1b9183f2556a70e4b9095730038792 VL - 70 ID - 19 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The quantification of spray mass has historically been accomplished by means of fluorescent dyes and various string and ground samplers to capture the dye-laden spray. However, these methods are typically not used in close proximity to orchard sprayers and are prone to many sources of error. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of an in-field phase Doppler (pD) interferometer to quantify spray mass against two common string samplers. Measurements were taken at 0.5 m increments to 4.5 m vertically and 1.0 m increments to 5.0 m downwind from the spray. Converted flux measurements from the strings were compared with those obtained using the pD interferometer. The current pD technology was found to be incapable of collecting equivalent flux data to that obtained from the strings. However, the pD equipment did provide useful data on droplet velocity and size. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Roten, R. L. AU - Post, S. L. AU - Werner, A. AU - Safa, M. AU - Hewitt, A. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: (2015), http://www.freshfacts.co.nz/files/freshfacts-2015.pdf, Anon (accessed 1 March 2017); Bachalo, W.D., Method for measuring the size and velocity of spheres by dual-beam light-scatter interferometry (1980) Applied Optics, 19, pp. 363-370; Bachalo, W.D., Houser, M.J., Phase/Doppler spray analyzer for simultaneous measurements of drop size and velocity distributions (1984) Optical Engineering, 23, p. 235583; Balsari, P., Marucco, P., Tamagnone, M., Technical note: A system to assess the mass balance of spray applied to tree crops (2005) Transactions of the ASAE, 48, pp. 1689-1694; Bui, Q.D., Womac, A.R., Howard, K.D., Mulrooney, J.E., Amin, M.K., Evaluation of samplers for spray drift (1998) Transactions of the ASAE, 41 (1), pp. 37-41; Chuang, P.Y., Saw, E.W., Small, J.D., Shaw, R.A., Sipperley, C.M., Payne, G.A., Bachalo, W.D., Airborne phase doppler interferometry for cloud microphysical measurements (2008) Aerosol Science and Technology, 42, pp. 685-703; Cooper, J.F., Smith, D.N., Dobson, H.M., An evaluation of two field samplers for monitoring spray drift (1996) Crop Protection, 15, pp. 249-257; Dullenkopf, K., Willmann, M., Wittig, S., Schöne, F., Stieglmeier, M., Tropea, C., Mundo, C., Comparative mass flux measurements in sprays using a patternator and the phase-doppler technique (1998) Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 15, pp. 81-89; Forster, W.A., Gaskin, R.E., Strand, T.M., Manktelow, D.W.L., Van Leeuwen, R.M., Effect of target wettability on spray droplet adhesion, retention, spreading and coverage: Artificial collectors versus plant surfaces (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 284-291; Fox, R.D., Brazee, R.D., Reichard, D.L., Hall, F.R., Downwind residue from air spraying of a dwarf apple orchard (1990) Transactions of the ASAE, 33 (4), pp. 1104-1108; Fox, R.D., Derksen, R., Cooper, J., Krause, C., Ozkan, H., Visual and image system measurement of spray deposits using water-sensitive paper (2003) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 19, pp. 549-554; Fox, R.D., Derksen, R.C., Zhu, H., Brazee, R.D., Svensson, S.A., A history of air-blast sprayer development and future pospects (2008) Transactions of the ASAE, 51 (2), p. 405; García-Ramos, F.J., Vidal, M., Boné, A., Malón, H., Aguirre, J., Analysis of the air flow generated by an air-assisted sprayer equipped with two axial fans using a 3D sonic anemometer (2012) Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 12, pp. 7598-7613; Hewitt, A.J., Roten, R.L., Giles, D.K., Bachalo, W., Connell, R., A new phase doppler interferometer system for evaluation of pesticide sprays in the field (2013) 25th Annual Conference of Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, , ILASS Americas Pittsburgh, PA, USA. May 2013; Khot, L.R., Ehsani, R., Albrigo, G., Landers, A.J., Larbi, P.A., Technical note: Spray pattern investigation of an axial-fan airblast precision sprayer using a modified vertical patternator (2012) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 28 (5), pp. 647-654; Khot, L.R., Ehsani, R., Albrigo, G., Larbi, P.A., Landers, A., Campoy, J., Wellington, C., Air-assisted sprayer adapted for precision horticulture: Spray patterns and deposition assessments in small-sized citrus canopies (2012) Biosystems Engineering, 113, pp. 76-85; Lo, P.L., Walker, J.T.S., Occurrence of oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) in apple orchards in New Zealand (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 133-137; Manktelow, D.W., May, B., (2011) Spray Nozzle Guide, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/896, (accessed on 4 April 2017); Manktelow, D.W., Stevens, P., Walker, J., Gurnsey, S., Park, N., Zabkiwicz, J., Teulon, D., Rahman, A., (2005) Trends in Pesticide use in New Zealand: 2004, , http://www.dioxinnz.com/Spray-NZ-Hist/PDF/nz-pesticide-trends.pdf, (accessed 1 April 2017); Miller, D., Stoughton, T., Steinke, W., Huddleston, E., Ross, J., Atmospheric stability effects on pesticide drift from an irrigated orchard (2000) Transactions of the ASAE, 43, pp. 1057-1066; Roten, R.L., Connell, R.J., Hewitt, A.J., Woodward, S.J.R., Comparison of spray dose measured on leaf surfaces with spray coverage estimated from Kromekote® paper (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 38-43; Roten, R.L., Ferguson, J.C., Connell, R.J., Gary, J.D., Hewitt, A.J., Preliminary investigation of phase doppler derived flux measurements in a wind tunnel for the sampling of orchard spray drift (2015) Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Spray Application in Fruit Growing, pp. 43-44; Roten, R.L., Post, S.L., Hewitt, A.J., Phase doppler flux comparisons (2016) 2016 ASABE Annual International Meeting. 162461508, p. 1. , St. Joseph, MI., USA; Roten, R.L., Post, S.L., Werner, A., Hewitt, A.J., Safa, M., Volumetric validation of mass balance using a computational phase doppler approach for disc core nozzles (2016) Crop Protection, 79, pp. 128-134; Rudoff, R.C., Bachalo, E.J., Bachalo, W.D., Performance of the phase doppler particle analyzer in the NASA lewis icing research tunnel (1992) The Proceedings of the 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, , Reno, NV, USA Jan. 6-9; Salyani, M., Farooq, M., Sweeb, R.D., Spray deposition and mass balance in citrus orchard applications (2007) Transaction of the ASABE, 50 (6), pp. 1963-1969; Schou, W.C., Forster, W.A., Mercer, G.N., Teske, M.E., Thistle, H.W., Building canopy retention into AGDISP: Preliminary models and results (2012) Transaction of the ASABE, 55 (6), pp. 2059-2066; Spillman, J.J., Spray impaction, retention and adhesion: An introduction to basic characteristics (1984) Pesticide Science, 15, pp. 97-106; Tuck, C.R., Ellis, M.C.B., Miller, P.C.H., Techniques for measurement of droplet size and velocity distributions in agricultural sprays (1997) Crop Protection, 16, pp. 619-628; Vanneste, J.L., Yu, J., Cornish, D.A., Max, S., Clark, G., Presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, on symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of kiwifruit (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 241-245; Whitney, R.W., Roth, L.O., String collectors for spray pattern analysis (1985) Transactions of the ASAE, 28 (6), pp. 1749-1753 PY - 2017 SP - 142-151 ST - Phase doppler quantification of agricultural spray compared with traditional sampling materials T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Phase doppler quantification of agricultural spray compared with traditional sampling materials UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027465800&partnerID=40&md5=7d73bd22eca6a33b3d88ad76de9de3ea VL - 70 ID - 8 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sap-sucking insects pose a significant biosecurity risk as they can cause direct damage to plants and may also vector serious plant pathogens. However, there is a paucity of tools for rapidly estimating the host range of such insects during a biosecurity incursion. The Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique has been developed over the past 50 years for analysing, quantifying, and comparing the feeding behaviours of both phloem and xylem sap-sucking insects. Electrically generated waveforms associated with insects' probing and feeding behaviours may allow a rapid assessment of the potential host range of invading sap sucking insects. This paper reviews the development and use of EPG, assesses potential for host-range testing of recent incursions, analyses when and how the EPG tool could be applied for response, and identifies seven points where EPG could aid biosecurity incursion response decision making. Three recent biosecurity responses could have benefited from EPG. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc). AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Charles, J. G. AU - Froud, K. J. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alvarez, A.E., Tjallingii, W.F., Garzo, E., Vleeshouwers, V., Dicke, M., Vosman, B., Location of resistance factors in the leaves of potato and wild tuber-bearing solanum species to the aphid myzus persicae (2006) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 121, pp. 145-157; Backus, E.A., Cline, A.R., Ellerseick, M.R., Serrano, M.S., Behaviour: Lygus Hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) feeding on cotton: New methods and parameters for analysis of nonsequential electrical penetration graph data (2007) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100, pp. 296-310; Backus, E.A., Bennett, W.H., The AC-DC correlation monitor: New EPG design with flexible input resistors to detect both R and emf components for any piercing-sucking hemipteran (2009) Journal of Insect Physiology, 55, pp. 869-884; Backus, E.A., Hunter, W.B., Comparison of feeding behavior of the potato leafhopper empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on alfalfa and broad bean leaves (1989) Environmental Entomology, 18, pp. 473-480; Bonjour, E.L., Fargo, W.S., Webster, J.A., Richardson, P.E., Brusewitz, G.H., Probing behavior comparisons of squash bugs (Heteroptera: Coreidae) on cucurbit hosts (1991) Environmental Entomology, 20, pp. 143-149; Boquel, S., Ameline, A., Giordanengo, P., Assessing aphids potato virus Y-transmission efficiency: A new approach (2011) Journal of Virological Methods, 178, pp. 63-67; Burckhardt, D., Ouvrard, D., Queiroz, D., Percy, D., Psyllid host-plants (Hemiptera: Psylloidea): Resolving a semantic problem (2014) Florida Entomologist, 97, pp. 242-246; Burnip, G., Froud, K., Characterisation of science inputs when investigating exotic organism incursions (2008) Surveillance for Biosecurity: Pre-border to Pest Management, pp. 143-149. , Froud KJ, Popay AI, Zydenbos SM eds. The New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Christchurch; Calatayud, P.A., Rahbe, Y., Tjallingii, W.F., Tertuliano, M., Ru, B.L., Electrically recorded feeding behaviour of cassava mealybug on host and non-host plants (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 72, pp. 219-232; Cole, R.A., Comparison of feeding behaviour of two brassica pests brevicoryne brassicae and myzus persicae on wild and cultivated brassica species (1997) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 85, pp. 135-143; Costa Santa-Cecilia, L.V., Prado, E., Oliveira, M.S., Regarding to host conditioning in citrus mealybug planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (2013) Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 35, pp. 86-92; Dixon, A.G.O., Bramel-Cox, P.J., Reese, J.C., Feeding behavior of biotype E greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its relationship to resistance in sorghum (1990) Journal of Economic Entomology, 83, pp. 241-246; Dungan, R.J., Kelly, D., Effect of host-tree and environmental variables on honeydew production by scale insects (Ultracoelostoma sp.) in a high elevation nothofagus solandri forest (2003) New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 27, pp. 169-177; Products, , http://www.epgsystems.eu/epg/products; Froud, K.J., Bullians, M.S., Investigation of biosecurity risk organisms for the plant and environment domains in New Zealand for 2008 and 2009 (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 262-269; Girma, M., Wilde, G.E., Reese, J.C., Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) feeding behavior on host and nonhost plants (1992) Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, pp. 395-401; Girma, M., Wilde, G.E., Reese, J.C., Backus, E.A., Committed phloem ingestion of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae): Difficulties in its application to host-plant resistance studies (1994) Environmental Entomology, 23, pp. 1061-1065; Hattori, M., Probing behavior of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae) on a non-host barnyard grass, and resistant and susceptible varieties of rice (2001) Applied Entomology and Zoology, 36, pp. 83-89; Holbrook, F.R., An index of acceptability to green peach aphids for solanum germplasm and for a suspected non-host plant (1980) American Potato Journal, 57, pp. 1-6; Jiang, Y.X., De Blas, C., Barrios, L., Fereres, A., Correlation between whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) feeding behavior and transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (2000) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, pp. 573-579; Jiang, Y.X., Nombela, G., Muñiz, M., Analysis by DC-EPG of the resistance to Bemisia tabaci on an Mi-tomato line (2001) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 99, pp. 295-302; Jin, M., Baoyu, H., Probing behavior of the tea green leafhopper on different tea plant cultivars (2007) Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27, pp. 3973-3982; Lazzarotto, C.M., Lazzari, S.M.N., Penteado, S.R.C., Feeding behavior of two exotic aphid species on their original hosts in a new invaded area (2011) Neotropical Entomology, 40, pp. 316-321; Lei, H., Van Lenteren, J.C., Tjallingii, W.F., Analysis of resistance in tomato and sweet peper against the greenhouse whitefly using electrically monitored and visually observed probing and feeding behaviour (1999) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 92, pp. 299-309; Liu, J., Takahashi, S., Feeding behavior of nephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on suitable and unsuitable host plants and underlying mechanisms of host plant suitability (2000) Principles and Applications of Electronic Monitoring and Other Techniques in the Study of Homopteran Feeding Behavior, pp. 245-260. , Walker G P, Backus EA eds. Thomas Say Publications in Entomology; Liu, B., Yan, F., Chu, D., Pan, H., Jiao, X., Xie, W., Wu, Q., Zhang, Y., Difference in feeding behaviors of two invasive whiteflies on host plants with different suitability: Implication for competitive displacement (2012) International Journal of Biological Sciences, 8, pp. 697-706; Madden, L.V., Jeger, M.J., Van Den Bosch, F., A theoretical assessment of the effects of vectorvirus transmission mechanism on plant virus disease epidemics (2000) Phytopathology, 90, pp. 576-594; Martin, N.A., Host plants of the potato/tomato psyllid: A cautionary tale (2008) The Weta, 35, pp. 12-16; McLean, D.L., Kinsey, M.G., A technique for electronically recording aphid feeding and salivation (1964) Nature (Lond.), 202, pp. 1358-1359; McLean, D.L., Kinsey, M.G., Probing behavior of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. II. Comparisons of salivation and ingestion in host and non-host plant leaves (1968) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, pp. 730-739; (2010) Biosecurity Response Knowledge Base, , brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 12 March 2017]; (2011) Manage Response, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/manage-response, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 17 March 2017]; (2011) Develop Advisory Group Papers, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/enable-response/advisory-groups/seek-input-from-technical-advisory-group/procedures/develop-advisory-group-papers, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2011) Prepare Information for Operational Specifications, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/enable-response/operational-specifications/prepare-information-for-operational-specifications/process-map, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2011) Quantify or Describe Costs and Benefits, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/manage-response/develop-business-case/complete-cost-benefit-analysis/procedures/quantify-or-describe-costs-and-benefits, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2012) Obtain and Assess Existing Information, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/enable-response/operational-specifications/prepare-information-for-operational-specifications/procedures/obtain-and-assess-existing-information, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2012) Determine If Response Recommended, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/manage-response/investigate/consider-rapid-assessment-report/procedures/determine-if-response-recommended, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2012) Define Organism Management Specifications, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/enable-response/operational-specifications/define-organism-management-specifications/process-map, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2012) Psyllid, Acizzia Solanicola Fact-sheet. Ministry for Primary Industries Fact Sheet, 1p. , Ministry for Primary Industries; (2013) Assess the Biosecurity Risk, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/manage-response/investigate/investigate-possible-risk-organism/procedures/assess-the-biosecurity-risk, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2013) Define Movement Control Specifications, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/enable-response/operational-specifications/define-movement-control-specifications/process-map, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2013) Define Surveillance Options and Select Approach, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/enable-response/operational-specifications/define-surveillance-specifications/procedures/discuss-surveillance-options-and-select-approach, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 22 March 2017]; (2014) Rapid Assessment Recommendation Guidelines, , http://brkb.biosecurity.govt.nz/processes-and-procedures/manage-response/investigate/investigate-possible-risk-organism/procedures/assess-results-of-investigation, Ministry for Primary Industries [Accessed 17 March 2017]; (2003) Cost-benefit Analysis of Unwanted Organism or Pest Response Options, 18p. , Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry guidelines report; Moreno, A., Palacios, I., Blanc, S., Fereres, A., Intracellular salivation is the mechanism involved in the inoculation of cauliflower mosaic virus by its major vectors brevicoryne brassicae and myzus persicae (2005) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98, pp. 763-769; Nault, L.R., Arthropod transmission of plant viruses: A new synthesis (1997) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90, pp. 521-541; Pascoe, A., (2016) GIA Response Guide: A Guide to Managing Biosecurity Responses Under the Government Industry Agreement for Biosecurity Readiness and Response, 45p. , GIA Deed Governance Group guidelines; Pathak, P.K., Saxena, R.C., Heinrichs, E.A., Parafilm sachet for measuring honeydew excretion by nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera, delphacidae) on rice (1982) Journal of Economic Entomology, 75, pp. 194-195; Powell, G., Tosh, C.R., Hardie, J., Host plant selection by aphids: Behavioral, evolutionary, and applied perspectives (2006) Annual Review of Entomology, 51, pp. 309-330; Prado, E., Tjallingii, W.F., Effects of previous plant infestation on sieve element acceptance by two aphids (1997) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 82, pp. 189-200; Prado, E., Tjallingii, W.F., Effects of experimental stress factors on probing behaviour by aphids (1999) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 90, pp. 289-300; Reese, J., Tjallingii, W.F., Van Helden, M., Prado, E., Waveform comparisons among AC and DC electronic monitoring systems for aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) feeding behavior (2000) Principles and Applications of Electronic Monitoring and Other Techniques in the Study of Homopteran Feeding Behavior, pp. 70-101. , Walker GP, Backus EA eds. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, MD; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Hale, C.N., Electronically monitored stylet penetration pathway of woolly apple aphid, eriosoma Lanigerum (Homoptera: Aphididae), on apple (Malus domestica) (2003) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 31, pp. 107-113; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Backus, E.A., Quantitative comparison of stylet penetration behaviors of glassy winged sharpshooter, homalodisca vitripennis on selected hosts (2008) Journal of Economic Entomology, 101, pp. 1183-1197; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Jia, Y., Charles, J.G., EPG technique as a tool to reveal host plant acceptance by xylem sap-feeding insects (2013) Journal of Applied Entomology, 137, pp. 519-529; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Moreno, A., Tooman, L.K., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Fereres, A., Stylet penetration activities linked to the acquisition and inoculation of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum by its vector tomato potato psyllid (2014) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 151, pp. 170-181; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Evaluation of host testing by comparing ingestion and settling behaviours (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 191-196; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Fereres, A., Real time EPG recordings of tomato-potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) feeding on tomato (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, p. 294; Sopow, S.L., Jones, T., McIvor, I., McLean, J.A., Pawson, S.M., Potential impacts of tuberolachnus salignus (giant willow aphid) in New Zealand and options for control (2017) Agricultural and Forest Entomology; Spiller, N.J., Kimmins, F.M., Llewellyn, M., Fine structure of aphid stylet pathway and its use in host plant resistance studies (1985) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 38, pp. 293-295; Suckling, D.M., Charles, J.G., Kay, M.K., Kean, J.M., Burnip, G.M., Chhagan, A., Noble, A., Barrington, A.M., Host range testing for risk assessment of a sexually dimorphic polyphagous invader, painted apple moth (2014) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 16, pp. 1-13; Teulon, D., Workman, P., Thomas, K., Nielsen, M., Bactericera cockerelli: Incursion, dispersal and current distribution on vegetable crops in New Zealand (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 136-144; Tjallingii, W.F., A preliminary study of host selection and acceptance behaviour in the cabbage aphis, brevicoryne brassicae L (1976) Symposia Biologica Hungarica, 16, pp. 283-285; Tjallingii, W.F., Electronic recording of penetration behaviour by aphids (1978) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 24, pp. 721-730; Tjallingii, W.F., Aphid-plant interactions: What goes on in the depths of the tissues? (1995) Proceedings of Experimental and Applied Entomology, 6, pp. 163-169; Tjallingii, W.F., Hogen Esch, T.H., Fine stucture of aphid stylet routes in plant tissues in correlation with EPG signals (1993) Physiological Entomology, 18, pp. 317-328; Trçbicki, P., Tjallingii, W.F., Harding, R.M., Rodoni, B.C., Powell, K.S., EPG monitoring of the probing behaviour of the common brown leafhopper orosius orientalis on artificial diet and selected host plants (2012) Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 6, pp. 405-415; Ullman, D.E., McLean, D.L., The probing behavior of the summer-form pear psylla (1988) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 47, pp. 115-125; Webster, J.A., Porter, D.R., Baker, C.A., Mornhinweg, D.W., Resistance to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in barley: Effects on aphid feeding (1993) Journal of Economic Entomology, 86, pp. 1603-1608; Withers, T.M., Potter, K.J., Berndt, L.A., Forgie, S.A., Paynter, Q.E., Kriticos, D.J., Risk posed by the invasive defoliator uraba lugens to New Zealand native flora (2011) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 13, pp. 99-110; Zúñiga, G.E., Varanda, E.M., Corcuera, L.J., Effect of gramine on the feeding behavior of the aphids schizaphis graminum and rhopalosiphum padi (1988) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 47, pp. 161-165 PY - 2017 SP - 1-15 ST - Potential use of electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology for biosecurity incursion response decision making T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Potential use of electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology for biosecurity incursion response decision making UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027467966&partnerID=40&md5=dc72a922b24f597698cdd1d763e56ca2 VL - 70 ID - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is a causal agent of Pierce's disease in grapevines and is considered to be vectored by several xylem-feeding insects. Xylella fastidiosa and its primary insect vector Homalodisca vitripennis are not currently present in New Zealand, but considered a biosecurity threat to the wine industry. Should it be introduced, infection and dispersal of X. fastidiosa within New Zealand vineyards could occur through extant vectors, especially spittlebugs. Electrical Penetration Graph technology was used to compare the feeding behaviour of three spittlebug species (Philaenus spumarius, Carystoterpa fingens and Carystoterpa minor) on grape (Vitis vinifera Sauvignon blanc) and their original host plants. Results suggest that Philaenus spumarius feeds on grape more than the other two spittlebug species. As Philaenus spumarius has been reported as a vector of X. fastidiosa, their potential to transmit the bacterium into grapevines is discussed based on the real feeding times recorded by EPG. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Nielsen, M. AU - Davis, V. A. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Almeida, R.P.P., Purcell, A.H., Patterns of xylella fastidiosa colonization on the precibarium of sharpshooter vectors relative to transmission to plants (2006) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, pp. 884-890; Almeida, R.P.P., Backus, E.A., Stylet penetration behaviors of graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret) (Hemiptera, cicadellidae): Epg waveform characterization and quantification (2004) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, pp. 838-851; Backus, E.A., Habibi, J., Yan, F., Ellersieck, M., Stylet penetration by adult homalodisca coagulata on grape: Electrical penetration graph waveform characterization, tissue correlation, and possible implications for transmission of xylella fastidiosa (2005) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98, pp. 787-813; Backus, E.A., Habibi, J., Yan, F.M., Ellersieck, M., Stylet penetration by adult homalodisca coagulata on grape: Electrical penetration graph waveform characterization, tissue correlation, and possible implications for transmission of xylella fastidiosa (2005) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98, pp. 787-813; Cornara, D., Sicard, A., Zeilinger, A.R., Porcelli, F., Purcell, A.H., Almeida, R.P.P., Transmission of xylella fastidiosa to grapevine by the meadow spittlebug (2016) Phytopathology, 106, pp. 1285-1290; Cornara, D., Cavalieri, V., Dongiovanni, C., Altamura, G., Palmisano, F., Bosco, D., Porcelli, F., Saponari, M., Transmission of xylella fastidiosa by naturally infected philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, aphrophoridae) to different host plants (2017) Journal of Applied Entomology, 141, pp. 80-87; De Coll, O.R., Remes, L.A., Agostini, J., Paradell, S., Detection of xylella fastidiosa in weeds and sharpshooters in orange groves affected with citrus variegated chlorosis in misiones, Argentina (2000) Proceedings of the 14th International Organization of Citrus Virologists Conference, pp. 216-222; De La Fuente, L., Parker, J.K., Oliver, J.E., Granger, S., Brannen, P.M., Van Santen, E., Cobine, P.A., The bacterial pathogen xylella fastidiosa affects the leaf ionome of plant hosts during infection (2013) PLoS ONE, 8 (5), p. e62945; Hopkins, D.L., Purcell, A.H., Xylella fastidiosa: Cause of pierce's disease of grapevine and other emergent disease (2002) Plant Disease, 86, pp. 1059-1066; Martelli, G.P., Boscia, D., Porcelli, F., Saponari, M., The olive quick decline syndrome in south-east Italy: A threatening phytosanitary emergency (2016) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 144, pp. 235-243; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, p. 511. , Chapman & Hall, London xix p; McLean, D.L., Kinsey, M.G., A technique for electronically recording aphid feeding and salivation (1964) Nature (Lond.), 202, pp. 1358-1359; (2016) Pierce's Disease Xylella Fastidiosa, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/pierces-disease, Ministry of Primary Industries; Payne, R., Murray, D., Harding, S., (2015) The Guide to the Genstat® Command Language (Release 18), , VSN International, Hemel Hempsted, Hertfordshire, UK; Purcell, A.H., Finlay, A.H., Evidence for noncirculative transmission of pierce's disease bacterium by sharpshooter leafhoppers (1979) Phytopathology, 69, pp. 393-395; Redak, R., Purcell, A., Lopes, J.R.S., Blua, M., Mizell, R.F., Andersen, P.C., The biology of xylem fluid-feeding insect vectors of xylella fastidiosa and their relation to disease epidemiology (2004) Annual Review of Entomology, 49, pp. 243-270; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Backus, E.A., Quantitative comparison of stylet penetration behaviors of glassy winged sharpshooter, homalodisca vitripennis on selected hosts (2008) Journal of Economic Entomology, 101, pp. 1183-1197; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Chhagan, A., Ramankutty, P., Host plant testing of the spittle bug carystoterpa fingens by stylet penetration behaviour (2007) New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, pp. 78-84; Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Jia, Y., Charles, J.G., EPG technique as a tool to reveal host plant acceptance by xylem sap feeding insects (2013) Journal of Applied Entomology, 137, pp. 519-529; Saponari, M., Boscia, D., Nigro, F., Martelli, G.P., Identification of DNA sequences related to xylella fastidiosa in oleander, almond and olive trees exhibiting leaf scorch symptoms in apulia (southern Italy) (2013) Journal of Plant Pathology, 95, p. 668; Saponari, M., Loconsole, G., Cornara, D., Yokomi, R.K., De Stradis, A., Boscia, D., Bosco, D., Porcelli, F., Infectivity and transmission of xylella fastidiosa by philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) in apulia, Italy (2014) Journal of Economic Entomology, 107, pp. 1316-1319; Tjallingii, W.F., Electronic recording of penetration behaviour by aphids (1978) Entomologia Experimentalis Applicata., 24, pp. 721-730; Tjallingii, W.F., Hogen Esch, T.H., Fine stucture of aphid stylet routes in plant tissues in correlation with EPG signals (1993) Physiological Entomology, 18, pp. 317-328 PY - 2017 SP - 31-37 ST - Do spittlebugs feed on grape? Assessing transmission potential for Xylella fastidiosa T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Do spittlebugs feed on grape? Assessing transmission potential for Xylella fastidiosa UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027465046&partnerID=40&md5=cd335a42dcc4bff0c4e84e3bd5545cb5 VL - 70 ID - 10 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Botryosphaeriaceae species are important pathogens of grapevines so the effect of environmental conditions on sporulation from naturally infected Sauvignon blanc grapevines in two Marlborough vineyards was studied. Shoot lesions characteristic of Botryosphaeriaceae infection were marked on 24 grapevines in each vineyard for observation between September 2014 and April 2015. Pycnidia on the lesions oozed conidia during or soon after rainfall on five occasions at maximum air temperatures of 8.4-19.9°C and relative humidities of 77-94.7%. Microscopic observation of the ooze showed conidia characteristic of either Neofusicoccum or Diplodia species in 67% and 50% of samples from Vineyard A and B, respectively. Sixty-nine colonies characteristic of Botryosphaeriaeae species were recovered after plating of conidial ooze and identified by DNA analysis as Diplodia mutila (39.1%), Neofusicoccum australe (30.4%), N. parvum (14.5%), N. luteum (5.8%), D. seriata (7.2%) and N. ribis (3.0%). All species have been reported previously as grapevine pathogens in New Zealand. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Shafi, A. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Jones, E. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Alves, A., Phillips, A.J.L., Henriques, I., Correia, A., Evaluation of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis as a method for the identification of botryosphaeria species (2005) FEMS Microbiology Letters, 245 (2), pp. 221-229; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Production of botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 301-305; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Rainwater dispersal of botryosphaeria conidia from infected grapevines (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 228-233; Arauz, L.F., Sutton, T.B., Influence of temperature and moisture on germination of ascospores and conidia of botryosphaeria obtusa (1989) Phytopathology, 79, pp. 667-674; Baskarathevan, J., Jaspers, M.V., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Identification, incidence and distribution of botryosphaeriaceous species in New Zealand vineyards (2012) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 132, pp. 549-560; Billones-Baaijens, R., Ridgway, H.J., Jones, E.E., Cruickshank, R.H., Jaspers, M.V., Prevalence and distribution of botryosphaeriaceae species in New Zealand grapevine nurseries (2013) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 135, pp. 175-185; Copes, W.E., Hendrix, F.F., Jr., Effect of temperature on sporulation of Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. Obtusa, and B. Rhodina (2004) Plant Disease, 88, pp. 292-296; Kuntzmann, P., Villaume, S., Bertsch, C., Conidia dispersal of diplodia species in a French vineyard (2009) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 48, pp. 150-154; Larignon, P., Fulchic, R., Cere, L., Dubos, B., Observations on black dead arm in French vineyards (2001) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 40, pp. S336-S342; Pearson, R.C., Goheen, A.C., (1988) Compendium of Grape Diseases, p. 93. , American Phytopathological Society; Ridgway, H.J., Amponsah, N.T., Dore, D., Baskarathevan, J., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M.V., Detection of botryosphaeriaceous species in environmental samples using a multi-species primer pair (2011) Plant Pathology, 60, pp. 1118-1127; Shafi, A., (2016) Botryosphaeria Dieback in Vineyards: Conidial Dispersal, Infection, Disease Development and Control, , Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand, PhD thesis; Siebert, J.B., Eutypa: The economic toll on vineyards (2001) Wines Vines, 50, p. 56. , (April); Úrbez-Torres, J.R., Battany, M., Bettiga, L.J., Gispert, C., McGourty, G., Roncoroni, J., Gubler, W.D., Botryosphaeriaceae species spore-trapping studies in California vineyards (2010) Plant Disease, 94, pp. 717-724; Valencia, D., Torres, C., Camps, R., López, E., Celis-Diez, J.L., Besoain, X., Dissemination of botryosphaeriaceae conidia in vineyards in the semiarid mediterranean climate of the Valparaíso region of Chile (2015) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 54, pp. 394-402; Van Niekerk, J.M., Fourie, P.H., Halleen, F., Crous, P.W., Botryosphaeria spp. As grapevine trunk disease pathogens (2006) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 45, pp. S43-S54; Van Niekerk, J.M., Calitz, F.J., Halleen, F., Fourie, P.H., Temporal spore dispersal patterns of grapevine trunk pathogens in South Africa (2010) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 127, pp. 375-390; Wicks, T., Davies, K., The effect of eutypa on grapevine yield (1999) Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker, 426, pp. 15-16 PY - 2017 SP - 295-300 ST - Conidial production by Botryosphaeriaceae species from grapevine shoot lesions in Marlborough vineyards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Conidial production by Botryosphaeriaceae species from grapevine shoot lesions in Marlborough vineyards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027449671&partnerID=40&md5=457b5d2591f6723ee90fd7edadb32a68 VL - 70 ID - 11 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Biopesticides have a number of positive attributes compared with conventional pesticides but direct comparisons are difficult to achieve objectively. Therefore, an indexing method was developed and used to compare the user-convenience and flexibility of spray-applied biopesticides commercially available in the New Zealand with similar conventional pesticides. Relative efficacy was not assessed. Biopesticides scored higher than conventional pesticides when all parameters were considered, particularly for the major fruit crops. Biopesticides had significantly shorter withholding periods, required less resistance management, seldom needed an approved handler, and were registered for more crops than conventional pesticides. However, they were less compatible with other products and some required special storage conditions. There was little difference between the two groups regarding bee toxicity, target range and adjuvant requirements. The methodology used here could potentially be used to compare any individual pesticides or pesticide groups pertaining to a particular measure of interest. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Stewart, T. M. AU - Ramilan, T. AU - Yu, F. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: O'Callaghan, M., Wilson, M.J., Zydenbos, S.M., Biopesticides for New Zealand's pests - Opportunities and challenges (Poster abstract) (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, p. 443; Glare, R.T., Types of biopesticides (2015) Biopesticides Handbook, p. 8. , Nollet LML, Rathore HS eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, U.S.A; Gomez-Limon, J.A., Sanchez-Fernandez, G., Empirical evaluation of agri-cultural sustainability using composite indicators (2010) Ecological Economics, 69, pp. 1062-1075; Kookana, R.S., Correll, R.L., Miller, R.B., Pesticide impact rating index - A pesticide risk indicator for water quality (2005) Water Air & Soil Pollution: Focus, 5, pp. 45-65; Kovach, J., Petzoldt, C., Degnil, J., Tette, J., A method to measure the environmental impacts of pesticides (1992) New York Food Life Science Bulletin, 139, pp. 1-8; Penrose, L.J., Thwaite, W.G., Bower, C.C., Rating index as a basis for decision making on pesticide use reduction and for accreditation of fruit produced under integrated pest management (1994) Crop Protection, 13, pp. 146-152; Ruxton, G.D., The unequal variance t-test is an underused alternative to student's t-test and the mann-whitney U test (2006) Behavioral Ecology, 17, pp. 688-690; Walker, J.T.S., Hodson, A.J., Batchelor, T.A., Manktelow, D.W., Tomkins, A.R., A pesticide rating system for monitoring agrichemical inputs in New Zealand horticulture (1997) Proceedings of the 50th New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 529-534; (2017) Pesticides: Biopesticides, , https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides, (accessed 16th March 2017) PY - 2017 SP - 152-159 ST - Assessing the "user-friendliness" of biopesticides and their conventional pesticide counterparts: A "proof-of-concept" framework for comparing pesticide groups T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Assessing the "user-friendliness" of biopesticides and their conventional pesticide counterparts: A "proof-of-concept" framework for comparing pesticide groups UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027441059&partnerID=40&md5=cd38a8cfe50757bb6511a4f0fea12028 VL - 70 ID - 20 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pycnidial and conidial production by isolates of the four main Neofusicoccum species associated with blueberry in New Zealand was investigated. Pycnidia developed after 8 days on mycelial-inoculated detached green shoots. Conidial ooze was observed after further incubation for 12 h under high relative humidity at 25°C. Numbers of oozing pycnidia and conidial numbers were generally low, but were significantly affected by isolate and species. Neofusicoccum ribis and N. parvum produced slightly more pycnidia and conidia compared with N. luteum and N. australe. Inoculation of non-wounded and wounded attached green shoots with either N. ribis or N. australe conidia showed that, 14 days after inoculation, lesions developed in wounded shoots only, with N. ribis (58.8 mm) producing longer lesions than N. australe (29.8 mm). Neofusicoccum ribis and N. australe were re-isolated beyond the lesion, with pathogen progression being significantly greater for wounded (47.1 mm) compared with non-wounded shoots (30.4 mm). © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tennakoon, K. M. S. AU - Ridgway, H. J. AU - Jaspers, M. V. AU - Jones, E. E. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Production of botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 301-305; Creswell, T.C., Milholland, R.D., Spore release and infection periods of botryosphaeria dothidea on blueberry in North Carolina (1988) Plant Disease, 72, pp. 342-346; Espinoza, J.G., Braceno, E.X., Chavez, E.R., Urbez-Torres, J.R., Latorre, B.A., Neofusicoccum spp. Associated with stem canker and dieback of blueberry in Chile (2009) Plant Disease, 93 (11), pp. 1187-1194; Eyal, Z., The kinetics of pycnospore liberation in measurements, and assuming infinitely thin pycnidium septoria tritici (1971) Canadian Journal of Botany, 49, pp. 1095-1099; Milholland, R.D., Histopathology and pathogenicity of botryosphaeria dothidea on blueberry stems (1971) Phytopathology, 62, pp. 654-660; Tennakoon, K.M.S., (2017) Botryosphaeria Disease in New Zealand Blueberry Gardens: Identification of Pathogens, Inoculum Sources and Factors Affecting Disease Development, , Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand, PhD thesis; Tennakoon, K.M., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., Jones, E.E., Herbicide injuries on blueberry provide suitable infection sites for neofusicoccum ribis (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 411-414; Wright, A.F., Harmon, P.F., Identification of species in the botryosphaeriaceae family causing stem blight on southern highbush blueberry in Florida (2010) Plant Disease, 94, pp. 966-971; Xu, C., Zhang, H., Zhou, Z., Hu, T., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Cao, K., Identification and distribution of botryosphaeriaceae species associated with blueberry stem blight in China (2015) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 143 (4), pp. 737-752; Yang, Y.L., Turner, J., Stephens, J., Campbell, R.E., Walter, M., Comparison of in vitro and in planta sporogenesis in neofusicoccum species from blueberry (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 203-208 PY - 2017 SP - 209-214 ST - Production of Neofusicoccum species conidia and their pathogenicity on wounded and non-wounded blueberry shoots T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Production of Neofusicoccum species conidia and their pathogenicity on wounded and non-wounded blueberry shoots UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027453959&partnerID=40&md5=f8cedf803571321a88ca5c15e2cfeb26 VL - 70 ID - 27 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Winter cover crops potentially have a number of positive production and environmental benefits on subsequent maize (Zea mays) crops. A field study was undertaken in 2016/17 to evaluate the effects of winter cover crop residues on the emergence and growth of weeds, required herbicide inputs, and yields of maize in comparison to a winter fallow. Weed ground cover at maize canopy closure was 81-85% less than the winter fallow in plots with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), oats (Avena sativa) and gland clover (Trifolium glanduliferum) residues and 57% less in faba bean (Vicia faba). Ryegrass and oats residues maintained ground coverage of >70%, while clover had only 6% at canopy closure, but suppressed weeds similarly. In the absence of herbicides maize silage yields in plots with cover crop residues were similar to those in herbicide treatments, although maize establishment and growth was slower in oats and ryegrass. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Trolove, M. R. AU - James, T. K. AU - Holmes, A. W. AU - Parker, M. D. AU - McDougall, S. J. AU - Pirie, M. R. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Baker, C.J., Collins, R.M., Choudhary, M.A., Factors affecting the uptake of no-tillage in Australia, Asia and New Zealand (2003) Conservation Agriculture Springer Netherlands, pp. 13-20; Bàrberi, P., Mazzoncini, M., Changes in weed community composition as influenced by cover crop and management system in continuous corn (2001) Weed Science, 49 (4), pp. 491-499; Bezuidenhout, S.R., Reinhardt, C.F., Whitwell, M.I., Cover crops of oats, stooling rye and three annual ryegrass cultivars influence Maize and Cyperus esculentus growth (2012) Weed Research, 52 (2), pp. 153-160; Densley, R.J., Austin, G.M., Williams, I.D., Tsimba, R., Edmeades, G.O., Maize silage and winter crop options to maximise drymatter and energy for NZ dairy systems (2006) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 68, pp. 193-197; Else, M.J., Ilnicki, R.D., Allelopathic properties of subterranean clover (1988) Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Weed Science Society, p. 65; Fisk, J.W., Hesterman, O.B., Shrestha, A., Kells, J.J., Harwood, R.R., Squire, J.M., Sheaffer, C.C., Weed suppression by annual legume cover crops in no-tillage corn (2001) Agronomy Journal, 93 (2), pp. 319-325; (2005) Winter Rotation Crop Options for Maize Grain Producers, , https://www.far.org.nz/resources/publications/updates/maize/9, Arable update No. 34 (accessed April 2017); Galloway, B.A., Weston, L.A., Influence of cover crop and herbicide treatment on weed control and yield in no-till sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima duch.) (1996) Weed Technology, 10 (2), pp. 341-346; Heinrichs, R., Aita, C., Amado, T.J.C., Fancelli, A.L., Vetch-oats mixtures: Biomass C/N ratio and corn production (2001) Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 25 (2), pp. 331-340; Maighany, F., Ghorbanli, M., Khalghani, J., Najafpour, M., Allelopathic potential of Trifolium resupinatum and T. Alexandrium on seed germination of four weed species (2007) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10 (7), pp. 1141-1143; Millner, J.P., Roskruge, N.R., The New Zealand arable industry (2013) Ecosystem Services in New Zealand: Conditions and Trends, pp. 102-114. , Dymond JR ed. Manaaki Whenua Press, Christchurch, New Zealand; Moraes, P.V.D., Panozzo, L.E., Vignolo, G.K., Dos Santos, L.S., Brandolt, R.R., Alellopathic effects of trifolium vesiculosum on the growth of corn and weeds (2012) Revista Agrarian, 5 (16), pp. 99-105; Pearson, A.J., Wilson, L.R., Impact of tillage system on sweet corn yield and some soil properties: Year 2 of land WISE hawke's bay (2002) Agronomy New Zealand, 32-33, pp. 57-61; Rahman, A., James, T.K., Grbavac, N., Mellsop, J., Spatial distribution of weed seedbank in maize cropping fields (1996) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 49, pp. 291-295; Restovich, S.B., Andriulo, A.E., Portela, S.I., Introduction of cover crops in a maizesoybean rotation of the humid pampas: Effect on nitrogen and water dynamics (2012) Field Crops Research, 128, pp. 62-70; Ross, S.M., King, J.R., Izaurralde, R.C., O'Donovan, J.T., Weed suppression by seven clover species (2001) Agronomy Journal, 93 (4), pp. 820-827; Triplett, G.B., Dick, W.A., No-tillage crop production: A revolution in agriculture (2008) Agronomy Journal, 100, pp. S153-S165; Williams, I.D., Densley, R.J., Edmeades, G.O., Kleinmans, J.J., Mccarter, S.B., Using maize silage to reduce the impact of dairy farm systems on water use and quality in New Zealand: A review (2010) Proceedings of the 4th Australasian Dairy Science Symposium, pp. 74-77; Yenish, J.P., Worsham, A.D., York, A.C., Cover crops for herbicide replacement in no-tillage corn (Zea mays) (1996) Weed Technology, 10 (4), pp. 815-821 PY - 2017 SP - 171-178 ST - Winter cover crops to reduce herbicide inputs in maize crops T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Winter cover crops to reduce herbicide inputs in maize crops UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027450869&partnerID=40&md5=d11d02187b911cfd610adacec47254f0 VL - 70 ID - 40 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit, which is an ongoing threat to New Zealand kiwifruit production. Disease control depends on orchard practices such as removal of visibly diseased material, pruning during low-risk periods, and the application of foliar bactericides. Although the use of copper compounds on Actinidia species (kiwifruit) can cause phytotoxicity, copper-based formulations remain a key component of Psa control in New Zealand. The effect of single copper applications on Psa infection of 'Hort16A' trap plants was studied over the Spring of 2014 (Sept-Nov). Psa leaf spots were observed at the beginning of October, appearing first on the untreated plants. Although the copper sprays did not achieve complete protection, particularly as the inoculum built up during November, the copper-sprayed plants always had less disease than the untreated plants. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Dobson, S. J. AU - Manning, M. A. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Anthony, R.M., Brown, T.J., French, G.L., Rapid diagnosis of bacteremia by universal amplification of 23S ribosomal DNA followed by hybridization to oligonucleotide array (2000) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38 (2), pp. 781-788; Beresford, R.M., Tyson, J.L., Seasonal accuracy of the psa risk model (2014) New Zealand Kiwifruit Journal, pp. 18-19; Beresford, R.M., Tyson, J.L., Henshall, W.R., Development and validation of an infection risk model for bacterial canker of kiwifruit using a multiplication and dispersal concept for forecasting bacterial diseases (2017) Phytopathology, 107 (2), pp. 184-191; Colombi, E., Straub, C., Künzel, S., Templeton, M.D., McCann, H.C., Rainey, P.B., Evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids (2017) Environmental Microbiology, 19 (2), pp. 819-832; Donati, I., Buriani, G., Cellini, A., Mauri, S., Costa, G., Spinelli, F., New insights on the bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae) (2014) Journal of Berry Research, 4, pp. 53-67; Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Mohan, S.K., Schaad, N.W., An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae and P.s. Pv. Phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed (1987) Phytopathology, 77 (10), pp. 1390-1395; Nakajima, M., Goto, M., Hibi, T., Similarity between copper resistance genes from Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae and P. Syringae p v. Tomato (2002) Journal of General Plant Pathology, 68 (1), pp. 68-74; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59 (3), pp. 453-464; Tyson, J.L., Rees-George, J., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., Fullerton, R.A., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 25-28; Tyson, J.L., Horner, I.J., Curtis, C.L., Blackmore, A., Manning, M.A., Influence of leaf age on infection of Actinidia species by Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 328-331; Tyson, J.L., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., Dobson, S.J., McKenna, C.E., Preliminary investigations of the risk of plant debris as a Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae inoculum source (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 11-16; Tyson, J.L., Manning, M.A., Curtis, C.L., Dobson, S.J., McKenna, C.E., Vergara, M.J., Inoculum production and infection of kiwifruit plants by Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae in New Zealand (2014) VIII International Symposium on Kiwifruit, p. 105 PY - 2017 SP - 310-314 ST - Effect of a protectant copper application on Psa infection of kiwifruit trap plants T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of a protectant copper application on Psa infection of kiwifruit trap plants UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027462490&partnerID=40&md5=a84d714d4a9b1a47a9439b68fd095aa0 VL - 70 ID - 18 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Couch grass rhizomes harbour Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), which causes take-all of wheat. Glyphosate used after cereal harvest to control couch can increase takeall in subsequent wheat crops. Following glyphosate treatment, the colonisation of senescing couch rhizomes by Ggt when treated with the endophytic fungus Microdochium bolleyi, and the spread of Ggt from senescing couch rhizomes to wheat when treated with the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, were investigated in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, glyphosate increased Ggt inoculum in couch, irrespective of whether M. bolleyi was added to the potting medium. In Experiment 2, take-all severity and Ggt DNA concentration in roots of the accompanying wheat plants tended to decrease with glyphosate treatment of couch and increase only when P. fluorescens was added. Soil-borne microflora in fields containing glyphosate-sprayed couch may affect expression of take-all in subsequent wheat. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Van Toor, R. F. AU - Chng, S. F. AU - Warren, R. M. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Bailey, D.J., Gilligan, C.A., Dynamics of primary and secondary infection in take-all epidemics (1999) Phytopathology, 89, pp. 84-91; Baley, G.J., Campbell, K.G., Yenish, J., Kidwell, K.K., Paulitz, T.C., Influence of glyphosate, crop volunteer and root pathogens on glyphosate-resistant wheat under controlled environmental conditions (2009) Pest Management Science, 65, pp. 288-299; Bithell, S.L., Butler, R.C., Mckay, A., Cromey, M.G., Effect of glyphosate application to grass weeds on levels of 'Gaeumannomyces graminis' var. 'tritici' inoculum [online] (2009) Plant Protection Quarterly, 24, pp. 161-167; Chng, S., Cromey, M.G., Dodd, S.L., Stewart, A., Butler, R.C., Jaspers, M.V., Take-all decline in New Zealand wheat soils and the microorganisms associated with the potential mechanisms of disease suppression (2015) Plant and Soil, 397, pp. 239-259; Chng, S.F., Cromey, M.G., Butler, R.C., Mycoflora of rhizomes and roots of elytrigia repens, a potential inoculum source for take-all in wheat (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 59-66; Chng, S.F., Cromey, M.G., Butler, R.C., Evaluation of the susceptibility of various grass species to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 261-267; Gutteridge, R.J., Zhang, J.P., Jenkyn, J.F., Bateman, G.L., Survival and multiplication of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici (the wheat take-all fungus) and related fungi on different wild and cultivated grasses (2005) Applied Soil Ecology, 29, pp. 143-154; Hammerschmidt, R., Phytoalexins: What have we learned after 60 years? (1999) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 37, pp. 285-306; Hornby, D., Inoculum (1981) Biology and Control of Takeall, pp. 271-293. , Asher MJC, Shipton PJ eds. Academic Press, London; Hornby, D., Beale, R., Take-all management guide (2000) Agricultural Sector, p. 39. , Monsanto Plc Maris Lane, Trumpington, Cambridge, UK; Hornby, D., Bateman, G.L., Gutteridge, R.J., Ward, E., Yarham, D., Take-all disease of cereals: A regional perspective (1998) CAB International, 384p. , UK; Hornby, D., Bateman, G.L., Gutteridge, R.J., Lucas, P., Osbourn, A.E., Ward, E., Yarham, D.J., Takeall and cereal production systems (1998) Takeall Disease of Cereals, pp. 103-164. , CAB International, Cambridge, UK; Jadubansa, P., Lethbridge, G., Bushell, M.E., Physiology of production of viable biomass and spore inoculum for the biocontrol agent idriella (Microdochium) bolleyi (1994) Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 16, pp. 24-28; Keenan, S., Cromey, M.G., Harrow, S.A., Bithell, S.L., Butler, R.C., Beard, S.S., Pitman, A.R., Quantitative PCR to detect Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici in symptomatic and non-symptomatic wheat roots (2015) Australasian Plant Pathology, 44, pp. 591-597; Kirk, J.J., Deacon, J.W., Control of the takeall fungus by microdochium bolleyi, and interactions involving microdochium bolleyi, phialophora graminicola and periconia macrospinosa on cereal roots (1987) Plant and Soil, 98, pp. 231-237; Kwak, Y.S., Weller, D.M., Take-all of wheat and natural disease suppression: A review (2013) Plant Pathology Journal, 29, pp. 125-135; Lee, Y., Nelder, J.A., Pawitan, Y., (2006) Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis Via H-likelihood: Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, 106, 416p. , Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London; Mandyam, K., Loughin, T., Jumpponen, A., Isolation and morphological and metabolic characterization of common endophytes in annually burned tallgrass prairie (2010) Mycologia, 102, pp. 813-821; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, p. 511. , Chapman & Hall, London xix p; Mekwatanakarn, P., Sivasithamparam, K., Effect of certain herbicides on growth and pathogenicity of take-all fungus on wheat (Triticum aestivum L) (1987) Biology and Fertility of Soils, 5, pp. 31-35; Payne, R., Murray, D., Harding, S., (2015) The Guide to the Genstat® Command Language (Release 18), , VSN International, Hemel Hempsted, Hertfordshire, UK; Steinrucken, H.C., Amrhein, N., The herbicide glyphosate is a potent inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimic-acid 3-phosphate synthase (1980) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 94, pp. 1207-1212; (2013) CycDesigN 5.1 a Package for the Computer Generation of Experimental Designs, , VSN International Ltd VSN International Ltd, Hertfordshire, England; Warren, R.M., Chng, S.F., Butler, R.C., Functional characteristics of New Zealand wheat rhizosphere Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates and their potential to inhibit in-vitro growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 48-56; Weller, D.M., Landa, B.B., Mavrodi, O.V., Schroeder, K.L., De La Fuente, L., Bankhead, S.B., Molar, R.A., Thomashow, L.S., Role of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In the defense of plant roots (2007) Plant Biology, 9, pp. 4-20 PY - 2017 SP - 186-195 ST - Influence of glyphosate herbicide treatment of couch grass on take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici with the addition of soil-borne microorganisms T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Influence of glyphosate herbicide treatment of couch grass on take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. Tritici with the addition of soil-borne microorganisms UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027450713&partnerID=40&md5=c6e76c9b030b1ee9100be5c4df133295 VL - 70 ID - 23 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Co-innovation can be effective for addressing complex challenges involving multiple stakeholders who hold diverse viewpoints and perceptions. Addressing these challenges requires changes at various scales. However, there is limited systematic research on how co-innovation can work in different projects and what impacts it can have on the outcome. Co-innovation principles were tested for their potential to enhance the impact delivered by a fundamental research project investigating options for managing the tomato potato psyllid/Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum complex in potato crops. A series of interviews and workshops were undertaken to increase interactions within the programme and with industry stakeholders. Additionally, a member of the research team, trained in co-innovation theory and practice, took a leadership role in planning and delivering technology transfer activities. The effects of bringing co-innovation principles to the programme are described, in particular the challenges encountered when introducing these concepts into a fundamental research programme. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Vereijssen, J. AU - Williams, T. A. AU - Park, N. M. AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - Agnew, N. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Berry, N., Thompson, S., Taylor, N., Wright, P., Shah, F., Walker, M., Beard, S., Pitman, A.R., The impact of Ca. Liberibacter infected seed tubers on potato production in New Zealand (2011) The 11th Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, pp. 178-182; Botha, N., Klerkx, L., Small, B., Turner, J.A., Lessons on transdisciplinary research in a co-innovation programme in the New Zealand agricultural sector (2014) Outlook on AGRICULTURE, 43, pp. 219-223; Klerkx, L., Leeuwis, C., Establishment and embedding of innovation brokers at different innovation system levels: Insights from the Dutch agricultural sector (2009) Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76, pp. 849-860; Klerkx, L., Aarts, N., Leeuwis, C., Adaptive management in agricultural innovation systems: The interactions between innovation networks and their environment (2010) Agricultural Systems, 103, pp. 390-400; Klerkx, L., Van Mierlo, B., Leeuwis, C., Evolution of systems approaches to agricultural innovation: Concepts, analysis and interventions (2012) Farming Systems Research into the 21st Century: The New Dynamic, pp. 457-483. , Darnhofer I, Gibbon D, Dedieu B eds. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht; Leeuwis, C., (2004) Communication for Rural Innovation: Rethinking Agricultural Extension, 412p. , Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK; Liefting, L.W., Perez-Egusquiza, Z.C., Clover, G.R.G., Anderson, J.A.D., A new 'Candidatus liberibacter' species in solanum tuberosum in New Zealand (2008) Plant Disease, 92, p. 1474; Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M., Upton, J.E., Association of bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) with "zebra chip," a new potato disease in southwestern United States and Mexico (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 656-663; Neef, A., Neubert, D., Stakeholder participation in agricultural research projects: A conceptual framework for reflection and decision-making (2011) Agriculture and Human Values, 28, pp. 179-194; Park, N.M., Williams, T.A., Walker, J.T.S., Butcher, M.R., Turner, J.A., Botha, N., Vereijssen, J., Taylor, N.M., Enhancing innovation and technology transfer in the New Zealand apple industry - Learnings from apple futures (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 291-298; Patton, M.Q., (1990) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, 532p. , Second edition. SAGE Publications Inc., USA; Pitman, A.R., Drayton, G.M., Kraberger, S.J., Genet, R.A., Scott, I.A.W., Tuber transmission of 'Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' and its association with zebra chip on potato in New Zealand (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129, pp. 389-398; Secor, G.A., Rivera-Varas, V.V., Emerging diseases of cultivated potato and their impact on Latin America (2004) Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa (Suplemento), 1, pp. 1-8; Teulon, D., Hill, M., Zydenbos, S., Responding to the establishment of new pests and diseases: What can be learnt from tomato potato psyllid and candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in New Zealand? (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 76-84; Thiele, G., Devaux, A., Velasco, C., Horton, D., Horizontal evaluation: Fostering knowledge sharing and program improvement within a network (2007) American Journal of Evaluation, 28, pp. 493-508; Van Mierlo, B., Regeer, B., Van Amstel, M., Arkesteijn, M., Beekman, V., Bunders, J., De Cock Buning, T., Leeuwis, C., (2010) Reflexive Monitoring in Action. A Guide for Monitoring System Innovation Projects, 106p. , Wageningen University; Athena Institute, VU University Amsterdam; Vereijssen, J., Srinivasan, M., Dirks, S., Fielke, S.J., Jongmans, C., Agnew, N.M., Klerkx, L., Turner, J.A., Addressing complex challenges using a coinnovation approach: Lessons from five case studies in the New Zealand primary sector (2016) 12th European International Farming Systems Association (IFSA) Symposium; Wieczorek, A., Hekkert, M., Systemic instrument for systemic innovation problems: A framework for policy makers and innovation scholars (2012) Science and Policy, 39, pp. 74-87 PY - 2017 SP - 16-24 ST - Evaluating co-innovation principles in a fundamental bioprotection research programme addressing challenges to potato production T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluating co-innovation principles in a fundamental bioprotection research programme addressing challenges to potato production UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027469279&partnerID=40&md5=f0877aaebd0befade9e9198b26734c32 VL - 70 ID - 34 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Inoculum control is critical in containing Neonectria ditissima but no agrichemical treatments are currently available to protect picking wounds during harvesting. Inhibition of conidia production was tested using a range of chemical-based pruning paints (PP) in a field trial in 2015. Mainly Bacillus subtilis-containing, biological products (BP) were tested at the same site in 2016. The BP were also tested in a detached-lesion experiment. Spore-producing field lesions were painted with the products and spore release monitored using glass slides after each rain event. For the detached-lesion study, spore production was monitored using rain traps after weekly artificial rain events. Reduced sporulation was observed in all experiments, but not for all treatments. Some PP created a physical barrier that sealed spores in, with lesions continuing to develop below the paint. No lesion healing was observed from any product in either year, with lesion length increasing for all treatments during the experiments. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walter, M. AU - Campbell, R. E. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Beresford, R.M., Scheper, R.W.A., Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 250-256; Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Scheper, R.W.A., Beresford, R.M., Neonectria ditissima spore release and availability in New Zealand apple orchards (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 78-86; Bennett, M., Comparison of a copper and a mercury spray programme against apple canker (Nectria galligena bres.) (1971) Plant Pathology, 20, pp. 99-105; Budde, I., Steil, L., Scharf, C., Völker, U., Bremer, E., Adaptation of bacillus subtilis to growth at low temperature: A combined transcriptomic and proteomic appraisal (2006) Microbiology, 152, pp. 831-853; Byrde, R.J.W., Crowdy, S.H., Roach, F.A., Observations on apple canker: V. Eradicant spraying and canker control (1952) Annals of Applied Biology, 39, pp. 581-589; Corbin, J.B., Benomyl beneficial for European canker control (1971) Orchardist of New Zealand, 44, pp. 55-57; Dubin, H.A., English, H., Factors affecting control of European apple canker by difolatan and basic copper sulfate (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 300-306; Dubin, H.J., English, H., Factors affecting apple leaf scar infection by nectria galligena conidia (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 542-550; English, H., Dubin, H.J., Schick, F.J., Roberts, K.O., (1971) Phytopathology, 61, pp. 1320-1321; Wilson, E.E., (1968) Plant Disease Reporter, 52, pp. 227-231; Fonseca, P., Moreno, R., Rojo, F., Growth of pseudomonas putida at low temperature: Global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses (2011) Environmental Microbiology Reports, 3 (3), pp. 329-339; (2015) The Guide to the GenStat® Command Language (Release 18), , VSN International, Hemel Hempsted, Hertfordshire, UK; Lee, Y., Nelder, J.A., Pawitan, Y., (2006) Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis Via H-likelihood, p. 416. , Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London; McCracken, A.R., Berrie, A., Barbara, D.J., Locke, T., Cooke, L.R., Phelps, K., Swinburne, T.R., Langrell, S.R.H., Relative significance of nursery infections and orchard inoculum in the development and spread of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchards (2003) Plant Pathology, 52, pp. 553-566; McCracken, A.R., Cooke, L.R., The use of fungicidal paints and gels to treat existing apple cankers (1985) Annals of Applied Biology, 107 (3), pp. 417-428; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, p. 511. , Chapman & Hall, London xix; Swinburne, T.R., Brown, A.E., A comparison of the use of bacillus subtilis with conventional fungicides for the control of apple canker (Nectria galligena) (1976) Annals of Applied Biology, 82, pp. 365-368; Swinburne, T.R., Cartwright, J., Flack, N.J., Brown, A.E., The control of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchard with established infections (1975) Annals of Applied Biology, 81, pp. 61-73; Walter, M., Roy, S., Fisher, B.M., Mackle, L., Amponsah, N.T., Curnow, T., Campbell, R.E., Scheper, R.W.A., How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by neonectria ditissima? (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 238-245; Walter, M., Campbell, R.E., Amponsah, N.T., Turner, L., Rainham, D., Kerer, U., Butler, R.C., Can biological products control neonectria ditissima picking wound and leaf scar infections in apples? (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 63-72; Walter, M., Stevenson, O.D., Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., McLachlan, A.R.G., Sensitivity of neonectria ditissima to carbendazim fungicide in New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 133-138 PY - 2017 SP - 87-96 ST - Evaluation of biological and agrichemical products for control of Neonectria ditissima conidia production T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Evaluation of biological and agrichemical products for control of Neonectria ditissima conidia production UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027437655&partnerID=40&md5=f37f5a127de48d789bb6eb5aed6e61d4 VL - 70 ID - 6 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Neonectria ditissima is the causal agent of European canker in apple, and conidia infect wounds in apple trees. Several commercially available chemical fungicides and biological products (BPs) were tested for wound protection activity in three field experiments (2014-17). Freshly made wounds (rasp, picking, leaf and/or bud scar) were sprayed with the products at label rates. Wounds were challenge-inoculated with N. ditissima conidia after 24 hours and monitored monthly for lesion development. Only captan and copper oxide consistently protected wounds from infection and disease development in each experiment. The BPs tested in this study did not provide adequate wound protection when challenge-inoculated with N. ditissima at high concentration (>1000 spores/wound) so are not recommended for wound protection during harvest and leaf fall when disease pressure is high. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Walter, M. AU - Campbell, R. E. AU - Amponsah, N. T. AU - Turner, L. AU - Rainham, D. AU - Kerer, U. AU - Butler, R. C. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Beresford, R.M., Scheper, R.W.A., Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 250-256; Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Scheper, R.W.A., Beresford, R.M., Neonectria ditissima spore release and availability in New Zealand apple orchards (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 78-86; Campbell, R.E., Roy, S., Curnow, T., Walter, M., Monitoring methods and spatial patterns of European canker disease in commercial orchards (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 213-220; Cooke, L.R., The influence of fungicide sprays on infection of apple cv. Bramley's seedling by Nectria galligena (1999) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 105, pp. 783-790; Cooke, L.R., Watters, B.S., Brown, A.E., The effect of fungicide sprays on the incidence of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in bramley's seedling (1993) Plant Pathology, 42, pp. 432-442; Dryden, G.H., Nelson, M.A., Smith, J.T., Walter, M., Postharvest foliar nitrogen applications increase neonectria ditissima leaf scar infections in apple trees (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 230-237; (2015) The Guide to the GenStat® Command Language (Release 18), , VSN International, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, UK; Lee, Y., Nelder, J.A., Pawitan, Y., (2006) Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis Via H-likelihood, 416p. , Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, London; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, p. 511. , Chapman & Hall, London xix p; Payne, R., Murray, D., Harding, S., (2015) The Guide to the Genstat® Command Language (Release 18), , VSN International, Hemel Hempsted, Hertfordshire, UK; Swinburne, T.R., Microflora of apple-leaf scars in relation to infection by nectria galligena (1973) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 60, pp. 389-403; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Swinburne, T.R., Cartwright, J., Flack, N.J., Brown, A.E., The control of apple canker (Nectria galligena) in young orchard with established infections (1975) Annals of Applied Biology, 81, pp. 61-73; Swinburne, T.R., Brown, A.E., A comparison of the use of bacillus subtilis with conventional fungicides for the control of apple canker (Nectria galligena) (1976) Annals of Applied Biology, 82, pp. 365-368; (2013) CycDesigN 5.1 a Package for the Computer Generation of Experimental Designs, , VSN International Ltd. Version 4.0, VSN International Ltd, Hertfordshire, England; Walter, M., Stevenson, O.D., Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., McLachlan, A.R.G., Sensitivity of neonectria ditissima to carbendazim fungicide in New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 133-138; Walter, M., Stevenson, O.D., Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., Rainham, D., Hornblow, C., Kerer, U., Butler, R.C., Control of neonectria ditissima with copper based products in New Zealand (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 241-249; Walter, M., Amponsah, N.T., Wallis, R., Lamberts, R., Curnow, T., Stevenson, O.D., Hall, A.J., Rain splash of fungal spores in tree canopies (2015) Australasian Plant Pathology Society Conference Handbook, p. 82. , Fremantle, September 2015 (Abstract); Walter, M., Roy, S., Fisher, B.M., Mackle, L., Amponsah, N.T., Curnow, T., Campbell, R.E., Scheper, R.W.A., How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by neonectria ditissima? (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 238-245; Walter, M., Campbell, R.E., Amponsah, A.T., Scheper, R.W.A., Butler, C., Evaluation of biological and agrichemical products for control of neonectria ditissima conidia production (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 87-96; Weber, R.W.S., Biology and control of the apple canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. Galligena) from a northwestern European perspective (2014) Erwerbs-Obstbau; Weber, R.W.S., Palm, G., Resistance of storage rot fungi Neofabraea perennans, N. Alba, Glomerella acutata and Neonectria galligena against thiophanate-methyl in Northern German apple production (2010) Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 117 (4), pp. 185-191 PY - 2017 SP - 63-72 ST - Can biological products control Neonectria ditissima picking wound and leaf scar infections in apples? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Can biological products control Neonectria ditissima picking wound and leaf scar infections in apples? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027453274&partnerID=40&md5=2fb7c2a58dd213e64900dde01ffc9051 VL - 70 ID - 37 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba) is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes bull's eye rot on apples and pears. Phlyctema vagabunda fruit infections occur in orchards predominantly pre-harvest, and eventually express as a fruit rot after 4-5 months of cool storage. Twelve fungicides (captan, carbendazim, copper hydroxide, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, dithianon, dodine, isopyrazam, metiram, lime sulphur, sulphur and trifloxystrobin) were tested in vitro for their effects on spore germination and mycelial growth of P. vagabunda. Spore germination was inhibited by metiram, captan, dodine, dithianon, lime sulphur, carbendazim and isopyrazam, in order of effectiveness. Carbendazim, isopyrazam, difenoconazole and cyprodinil, in order of effectiveness, inhibited mycelial growth when used at label rates. Wettable sulphur was ineffective in both assays. On detached apple fruit, carbendazim, cyprodinil, trifloxystrobin and isopyrazam (in order of effectiveness) inhibited lesion development. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Wood, P. N. AU - Fisher, B. M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Holmes, R., (2011) Through Chain Rot Management in Apples, 59p. , http://apal.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/AP08043-Through-Chain-Rot-Management-in-Apples.pdf, Horticulture Australia, Sydney; Cameldi, I., Neri, F., Ventrucci, D., Ceredi, G., Muzzi, E., Mari, M., Influence of harvest date on bull's eye rot of 'Cripps pink' apple and control chemical strategies (2016) Plant Disease, 100, pp. 2287-2293; Chen, C., Verkley, G.J.M., Sun, G., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Redefining common endophytes and plant pathogens in neofabraea, pezicula, and related genera (2016) Fungal Biology, 120 (11), pp. 1291-1322; Creemers, P., Compendium of apple and pear disease and pests (2014) Canker and Wood Rot Diseases: Anthracnose Canker and Perennial Canker, 216p. , 2nd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, USA; Cunningham, G.H., (1925) Fungous Diseases of Fruit-trees in New Zealand and their Remedial Treatment, 382p. , The Brett Printing and Publishing Company, Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand; Edney, K.L., Pezicula Malicorticis: Factors affecting spore germination and invasion of apple fruit (1974) Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 62, pp. 25-34; Henriquez, J.L., Sugar, D., Spotts, R.A., Induction of cankers on pear tree branches by Neofabraea alba and N. Perennans and fungicide effects on conidial production on cankers (2006) Plant Disease, 90, pp. 481-486; Johnston, P.R., Pennycook, S.R., Manning, M.A., Taxonomy of fruit-rotting fungal pathogens: What's really out there? (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 42-46; Minar, P., Effect of late summer treatments by strobilurines on storage diseases of apples (2006) Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 54, pp. 39-43; Moore, M.H., Edney, K.L., The timing of spray treatments for the control of storage rot of apple caused by gloeosporium spp (1959) Annual Report of the East Malling Research Station for 1958, pp. 106-109. , UK; (2014) MPI Phytosanitary Official Assurance Programme for the Export of Apples to China 2014-2015, 25p. , Ministry for Primary Industries Version 1.0., Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand; (2016) Plant Export Requirement: Mpi Phytosanitary Official Assurance Programme for the Export of Apples to China, 23p. , Ministry for Primary Industries Version 2.0., Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand; Spotts, R.A., Compendium of apple and pear disease and pests (2014) Postharvest Diseases: Bull's Eye Rot, 216p. , 2nd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, USA; Spotts, R.A., Seifert, K.A., Wallis, K.M., Sugar, D., Xiao, C.L., Serdani, M., Henriquez, J.L., Description of cryptosporiopsis kienholzii and species profiles of neofabraea in major pome fruit growing districts in the pacific northwest USA (2009) Mycological Research, 113 (11), pp. 1301-1311 PY - 2017 SP - 112-119 ST - The effect of fungicides on spore germination, mycelial growth and lesion development of Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba) (bull's eye rot of apples) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of fungicides on spore germination, mycelial growth and lesion development of Phlyctema vagabunda (syn: Neofabraea alba) (bull's eye rot of apples) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027453201&partnerID=40&md5=4c46de42c6f27f20e980e05b44161120 VL - 70 ID - 33 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pseudomonas syringae p v. actinidiae (Psa), which causes bacterial canker, is the most serious global pathogen of kiwifruit. Like most bacterial pathogens, control options are limited, but elicitors can reduce disease significantly, particularly those that induce the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a SA analogue, is one of the most effective elicitors for Psa control. In this study, real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to measure the expression of 18 putative defence genes in Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis 'Hort16A' in response to Psa and ASM. Application of ASM led to up-regulation of RPM1 interacting protein 4 (RIN4), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), a hypersensitivity-induced response protein (HIRP), and β-1,3-glucosidase. Expression of PAL and HIRP was further enhanced when elicitor application and Psa-inoculation were combined. Elevated gene expression was correlated with decreased disease expression, and supports the hypothesis that elicitor-treated plants are primed to react more rapidly and/or strongly to pathogens. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Wurms, K. V. AU - Gould, E. AU - Ah Chee, A. AU - Taylor, J. AU - Curran, B. AU - Reglinski, T. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Aitken, C.E., Lorsch, J.R., A mechanistic overview of translation initiation in eukaryotes (2012) Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 19, pp. 568-576; Alonso, J.M., Hirayama, T., Roman, G., Nourizadeh, S., Ecker, J.R., EIN2, a bifunctional transducer of ethylene and stress responses in arabidopsis (1999) Science, 284, pp. 2148-2152; Belkhadir, Y., Subramaniam, R., Dangl, J.L., Plant disease resistance protein signaling: Nbs-LRR proteins and their partners (2004) Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7, pp. 391-399; Bruce, T.J.A., Variation in plant responsiveness to defense elicitors caused by genotype and environment (2014) Frontiers in Plant Science, 5 (4); Cellini, A., Fiorentini, L., Buriani, G., Yu, J., Donati, I., Cornish, D.A., Novak, B., Spinelli, F., Elicitors of the salicylic acid pathway reduce incidence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae (2014) Annals of Applied Biology, 165, pp. 441-453; Cipollini, D., Heil, M., Costs and benefits of induced resistance to herbivores and pathogens in plants (2010) CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 5, pp. 1-25; Cui, H.T., Gobbato, E., Kracher, B., Qiu, J.D., Bautor, J., Parker, J.E., A core function of EDS1 with PAD4 is to protect the salicylic acid defense sector in arabidopsis immunity (2017) New Phytologist, 213, pp. 1802-1817; Damian-Zamacona, S., Toledo-Ibelles, P., Ibarra-Abundis, M.Z., Uribe-Figueroa, L., Hernandez-Lemus, E., Macedo-Alcibia, K.P., Delgado-Coello, B., Reyes-Grajeda, J.P., Early transcriptomic response to LDL and oxLDL in human vascular smooth muscle cells (2016) PLoS ONE, 1; Del Pozo, O., Pedley, K.F., Martin, G.B., MAPKKK alpha is a positive regulator of cell death associated with both plant immunity and disease (2004) EMBO Journal, 23, pp. 3072-3082; Dempsey, D.M.A., Vlot, A.C., Wildermuth, M.C., Klessig, D.F., Salicylic acid biosynthesis and metabolism (2011) The Arabidopsis Book / American Society of Plant Biologists, 9, pp. e0156-e0156; Dinesh-Kumar, S.P., Tham, W.H., Baker, B.J., Structure-function analysis of the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N (2000) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, pp. 14789-14794; Forsthoefel, N.R., Cutler, K., Port, M.D., Yamamoto, T., Vernon, D.M., PIRLs: A novel class of plant intracellular leucine-rich repeat proteins (2005) Plant Cell Physiology, 46, pp. 913-922; Glazebrook, J., Zook, M., Mert, F., Kagan, I., Rogers, E.E., Crute, I.R., Holub, E.B., Ausubel, F.M., Phytoalexin-deficient mutants of arabidopsis reveal that PAD4 encodes a regulatory factor and that four PAD genes contribute to downy mildew resistance (1997) Genetics, 146, pp. 381-392; He, P., Shan, L., Lin, N.C., Martin, G.B., Kemmerling, B., Nurnberger, T., Sheen, J., Specific bacterial suppressors of MAMP signaling upstream of MAPKKK in arabidopsis innate immunity (2006) Cell, 125, pp. 563-575; Henty-Ridilla, J.L., Li, J.J., Blanchoin, L., Staiger, C.J., Actin dynamics in the cortical array of plant cells (2013) Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 16, pp. 678-687; Hill, M.G., Wurms, K.V., Davy, M.W., Gould, E., Allan, A., Mauchline, N.A., Luo, Z., Rikkerink, E.H., Transcriptome analysis of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) bark in response to armoured scale insect (Hemiberlesia lataniae) feeding (2015) PLoS ONE, 10; Kawasaki, T., Nam, J., Boyes, D.C., Holt, B.F., Hubert, D.A., Wiig, A., Dangl, J.L., A duplicated pair of arabidopsis RING-finger E3 ligases contribute to the RPM1-and RPS2-mediated hypersensitive response (2005) Plant Journal, 44, pp. 258-270; La Camera, S., Geoffroy, P., Samaha, H., Ndiaye, A., Rahim, G., Legrand, M., Heitz, T., A pathogen-inducible patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolase facilitates fungal and bacterial host colonization in arabidopsis (2005) Plant Journal, 44, pp. 810-825; Liu, J., Elmore, J.M., Fuglsang, A.T., Palmgren, M.G., Staskawicz, B.J., Coaker, G., RIN4 functions with plasma membrane H+-ATPases to regulate stomatal apertures during pathogen attack (2009) PLoS Biology, 7; Meimoun, P., Mordret, E., Langlade, N.B., Balzergue, S., Arribat, S., Bailly, C., El-Maarouf-Bouteau, H., Is gene transcription involved in seed dry after-ripening? (2014) PLoS ONE, 9; Michelotti, V., Lamontanara, A., Buriani, G., Cellini, A., Donati, I., Vanneste, J.L., Cattivelli, L., Tacconi, G., Unraveling the molecular interaction between Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae (Psa) and the kiwifruit plant through RNAseq approach (2015) Acta Horticulturae, 1095, pp. 89-94; Minic, Z., Physiological roles of plant glycoside hydrolases (2008) Planta, 227, pp. 723-740; Morant, A.V., Jorgensen, K., Jorgensen, C., Paquette, S.M., Sanchez-Perez, R., Moller, B.L., Bak, S., Beta-glucosidases as detonators of plant chemical defense (2008) Phytochemistry, 69, pp. 1795-1813; Mosqueira, M., Willmann, G., Zeiger, U., Khurana, T.S., Expression profiling reveals novel hypoxic biomarkers in peripheral blood of adult mice exposed to chronic hypoxia (2012) PLoS ONE, 7, p. 10; Naoumkina, M.A., Zhao, Q., Gallego-Giraldo, L., Dai, X., Zhao, P.X., Dixon, R.A., Genome-wide analysis of phenylpropanoid defence pathways (2010) Molecular Plant Pathology, 11, pp. 829-846; Osbourn, A.E., Preformed antimicrobial compounds and plant defense against fungal attack (1996) Plant Cell, 8, pp. 1821-1831; Petriccione, M., Di Cecco, I., Arena, S., Scaloni, A., Scortichini, M., Proteomic changes in actinidia chinensis shoot during systemic infection with a pandemic Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae strain (2013) Journal of Proteomics, 78, pp. 461-476; Petriccione, M., Mastrobuoni, F., Zampella, L., Scortichini, M., Reference gene selection for Normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data from Actinidia deliciosa leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae (2015) Scientific Reports, 5; Petriccione, M., Salzano, A.M., Di Cecco, I., Scaloni, A., Scortichini, M., Proteomic analysis of the Actinidia deliciosa leaf apoplast during biotrophic colonization by Pseudomonas syringae p v. Actinidiae (2014) Journal of Proteomics, 101, pp. 43-62; Qi, Y.P., Tsuda, K., Nguyen, L.V., Wang, X., Lin, J.S., Murphy, A.S., Glazebrook, J., Katagiri, F., Physical association of arabidopsis hypersensitive induced reaction proteins (HIRs) with the immune receptor RPS2 (2011) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286, pp. 31297-31307; Reglinski, T., Dann, E., Deverall, B., Implementation of induced resistance for crop protection (2014) Induced Resistance for Plant Defense: A Sustainable Approach to Crop Protection, pp. 249-299. , Walters DR, Newton AC, Lyon GD eds. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, England; Reglinski, T., Vanneste, J.L., Wurms, K., Gould, E., Spinelli, F., Rikkerink, E., Using fundamental knowledge of induced resistance to develop control strategies for bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (2013) Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, p. 24; Rikkerink, E.H.A., Mccann, H.C., Rees-George, J., Lu, A., Gleave, A.P., Andersen, M.T., Rainey, P.B., Templeton, M.D., Transposition, insertion, deletion and recombination drive variability in the type 3 secretome of Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae, the transition from global effector comparisons to kiwifruit resistance breeding strategies (2015) I International Symposium on Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit. International Society of Horticultural Science, pp. 65-74. , Vanneste JL ed. Leuven, Belgium; Robatzek, S., Somssich, I.E., Targets of AtWRKY6 regulation during plant senescence and pathogen defense (2002) Genes & Development, 16, pp. 1139-1149; Thatcher, L.F., Anderson, J.P., Singh, K.B., Plant defence responses: What have we learnt from arabidopsis? (2005) Functional Plant Biology, 32, pp. 1-19; Thomma, B., Nurnberger, T., Joosten, M., Of PAMPs and effectors: The blurred PTI-ETI dichotomy (2011) Plant Cell, 23, pp. 4-15; Vanneste, J.L., Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae (Psa): A threat to the New Zealand and global kiwifruit industry (2012) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 40, pp. 265-267; Walters, D., Heil, M., Costs and tradeoffs associated with induced resistance (2007) Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 71, pp. 3-17; Walters, D.R., Havis, N.D., Paterson, L., Taylor, J., Walsh, D.J., Cultivar effects on the expression of induced resistance in spring barley (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 595-600; Wang, G., Lovato, A., Polverari, A., Wang, M., Liang, Y.H., Ma, Y.C., Cheng, Z.M., Genome-wide identification and analysis of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase gene family in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) (2014) BMC Plant Biology, 14; Wurms, K., Gould, E., Ah Chee, A., Taylor, J., Reglinski, T., Elicitor induction of defence genes and reduction of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (2013) Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 43, pp. 256-257; Wurms, K.V., Susceptibility to botrytis cinerea, and curing-induced responses of lytic enzymes and phenolics in fruit of two kiwifruit (Actinidia) cultivars (2005) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 33, pp. 25-34; Wurms, K.V., Ah Chee, A., Reglinski, T., Taylor, J.T., Wang, M.Y., Friel, E.N., Chynoweth, R., Postharvest volatile treatments and preharvest elicitor applications reduce ripe rot incidence in 'Hort16A' kiwifruit (2011) Acta Horticulturae, 913, pp. 481-487; Wurms, K.V., Reglinski, T., Taylor, J.T., Ah Chee, A., Cui, W., Up-regulation of putative defence-associated transcripts correlates with elicitor-induced ripe rot reduction in 'Hort16A' kiwifruit (2011) Acta Horticulturae, 913, pp. 525-528; Zagrobelny, M., Bak, S., Rasmussen, A.V., Jorgensen, B., Naumann, C.M., Moller, B.L., Cyanogenic glucosides and plant-insect interactions (2004) Phytochemistry, 65, pp. 293-306 PY - 2017 SP - 272-284 ST - Elicitor induction of defence genes and reduction of bacterial canker in kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Elicitor induction of defence genes and reduction of bacterial canker in kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027469421&partnerID=40&md5=ef5b3353e34b9fa04c9bb8fb76e763ff VL - 70 ID - 4 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Stem diseases are an economically important problem in the production of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). The diseases cause significant crop loss, including the death of entire bushes. Resistance phenotyping assays require large numbers of conidia. A fast and reliable in vitro method to mass produce viable and pathogenic Neofusicoccum spores would be more suitable than the current in planta methods. Two strains each of N. parvum and N. ribis were used to develop a new in vitro method, which involved interrupting mycelial mats produced on agar plates, with wet and dry cycles. Spores were generated at room temperature after 7-12 days' incubation. Spore production varied among replicate tests and the four isolates used. Neofusicoccum ribis isolate Nr175 (LUPP1348) generated the most spores in the shortest time. Pathogenicity assays using spores generated in vitro suggest that these spores are more virulent and pathogenic than those produced in planta. © 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.). AU - Yang, Y. L. AU - Turner, J. AU - Stephens, J. AU - Campbell, R. E. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 14 March 2018 References: Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Production of botryosphaeria species conidia using grapevine green shoots (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, p. 310; Amponsah, N.T., Jones, E.E., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Susceptibility of grapevine tissues to neofusicoccum luteum conidial infection (2012) Plant Pathology, 61, pp. 719-729; Billones-Baaijens, R., Jaspers, M.V., Allard, A., Hong, Y., Ridgeway, H.J., Jones, E.E., Management of botryosphaeriaceae species infection in grapevine propagation materials (2015) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 54, pp. 355-367; Boyzo-Marin, J., Rebollar-Alviter, A., Silva-Rojas, H.V., Ramirez-Maldonaldo, G., First report of neofusicoccum parvum causing stem blight and dieback of blueberry in Mexico (2016) Plant Disease, 100, p. 2524; Campbell, R.E., Walters, H., Tennakoon, K.M.S., Jones, E.E., Walter, M., Development of phenotyping assays for resistance screening of blueberry plants against neofusicoccum spp (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 215-223; Castillo, S., Borrero, C., Castaño, R., First report of canker disease caused by Neofusicoccum parvum and N. Australe on blueberry bushes in Spain (2013) Plant and Disease, 97, p. 1112; Choi, I.Y., Shama, P.K., Cheong, S.S., First report of bark dieback on blueberry caused by neofusicoccum parvum in Korea (2012) Plant Pathology Journal, 28, p. 217; Cline, W.O., Miholland, R.D., Rooks, S.D., Ballington, J.R., Techniques in breeding for resistance to blueberry stem blight caused by botryosphaeria dothidea (1993) Acta Hortculturae, 346, pp. 107-110; Espinoza, J.G., Briceño, E.X., Chávez, E.R., Úrbez-Torres, J.R., Latorre, B.A., Neofusicoccum spp. Associated with stem canker and dieback of blueberry in Chile (2009) Plant Disease, 93, pp. 1187-1194; Polashock, J.J., Screening for resistance to botryosphaeria stem blight and phomopsis twig blight in blueberry (2006) Acta Horticulturae, 715, pp. 493-495; Polashock, J.J., Matthew, K., Resistance of blueberry cultivars to botryosphaeria stem blight and phomopsis twig blight (2006) HortScience, 41, pp. 1457-1461; Koike, S.T., Rooney-Latham, S., Wright, A.F., First report of stem blight of blueberry in California caused by neofusicoccum parvum (2014) Plant Disease, 98 (9), p. 1280; Sammonds, J., Jaspers, M.V., Jones, E.E., Pre-infection processes of botryosphaeriaceae spp.: Adhesion of conidia to different substrata (2016) Plant Pathology, 65, pp. 1142-1152; Sammonds, J., Billones, R., Rocchetti, M., Ridgway, H.J., Walter, M., Jaspers, M.V., Survey of blueberry farms for botryosphaeria dieback and crown rot pathogens (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 238-432; Sakalidis, M.L., Slippers, B., Wingfield, B.D., Hardy, G.E.St.J., Burgess, T.I., The challenge of understanding the origin, pathways and extent of fungal invasions: Global populations of the Neofusicoccum parvum-N. Ribis species complex (2013) Diversity and Distributions, 19, pp. 873-883; Smith, B.J., Susceptibility of southern highbush blueberry cultivars to botryosphaeria stem blight (2004) Small Fruits Review, 3, pp. 193-201; Tennakoon, K.M.S., (2017) Botryosphaeria Disease in New Zealand Blueberry Gardens: Identification of Pathogens, Inoculum Sources and Factors Affecting Disease Development, , Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand, PhD thesis; Tennakoon, K.M.S., Ridgway, H.J., Jaspers, M.V., Jones, E.E., Production of neofusicoccum species conidia and their pathogenicity on wounded and non-wounded attached blueberry shoots (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 209-214; Wright, A.F., Harmon, P.F., First report of lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with stem blight of southern highbush blueberries in Florida (2009) Plant and Disease, 93, p. 962; Wright, A.F., Harmon, P.F., Identification of species in the botryosphaeriaceae family causing stem blight southern highbush blueberry in Florida (2010) Plant and Disease, 94, pp. 966-971; Xu, C.N., Zhang, H.J., Zhou, Z.S., Hu, T.L., Wang, S.T., Wang, Y.N., Cao, K.Q., Identification and distribution of botryosphaeriaceae species associated with blueberry stem blight in China (2015) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 143, pp. 737-752; Yao, S.W., Xie, Y., Li, X.H., Method evaluation of inducing sporogenesis of botryosphaeria dothidea causing grape canker (2011) Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine, 9, pp. 4-7 PY - 2017 SP - 203-208 ST - Comparison of in vitro and in planta sporogenesis in Neofusicoccum species from blueberry T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparison of in vitro and in planta sporogenesis in Neofusicoccum species from blueberry UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027441960&partnerID=40&md5=8feb588dc5de6aeb9ffe0fb549bb16a5 VL - 70 ID - 17 ER - TY - JOUR AB - After the first detection of myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) on mainland New Zealand in May 2017, the Ministry for Primary Industries sought information about how weather conditions would affect regional and seasonal risk of disease establishment to help plan the incursion response. Using internationally published information, a pathogenprocess model was developed to predict infection, latent period and sporulation in relation to weather variables (temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation). This Myrtle Rust Process Model (MRPM) was implemented by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited using numerical weather model data to produce weekly maps of potential risk. Predicted risk was greatest in northern North Island and decreased further south, but was still substantial in coastal areas of the north-western South Island during summer and autumn. Risk was low in southern coastal areas of the South Island and the lowest risk occurred in mountainous areas, particularly in the South Island. Retrospective analysis of surveillance data showed that the MRPM accurately predicted geographic risk and it is currently in use for tactical planning of incursion surveillance and organism management. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92-169, Auckland, New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 2526, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand AU - Beresford, R. M. AU - Turner, R. AU - Tait, A. AU - Paul, V. AU - Macara, G. AU - Yu, Z. D. AU - Lima, L. AU - Martin, R. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.176 KW - Biosecurity Climatology Climex model Disease detection Ensemble model Eucalypt rust Guava rust Incursion response MaxEnt model Numerical weather forecasting Unified Model M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Beresford, R.M.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92-169, New Zealand; email: robert.beresford@plantandfood.co.nz References: Alfenas, A.C., Demuner, N.L., Barbosa, M.M., A ferrugem e as opcoes de controle (1989) Correio Agricola, 1, pp. 18-20; Alvares, C.A., Sentelhas, P.C., Mattos, E.M., Miranda, A.C., Moraes, W.B., Silva, P.H.M., Furtado, E.L., Stape, J.L., Climatic favourability zones for Eucalyptus rust in Brazil (2017) Forest Pathology, 47 (1); Beresford, R.M., (1986) Epidemiological Studies on the Forecasting of Barley Brown Rust (Puccinia Hordei) in England, p. 161. , Ph.D. thesis, University of Bristol, January 1986; Beresford, R.M., Mulholland, R.I., Mint rust on cultivated peppermint in Canterbury: Disease cycle and control by flaming (1987) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 15, pp. 229-233; Beresford, R.M., Royle, D.J., Relationships between leaf emergence and latent period for leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) on barley spring barley, and their significance for disease monitoring (1988) Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 95, pp. 361-371; Booth, T.H., Jovanovic, T., Assessing vulnerable areas for Puccinia psidii (eucalyptus rust) in Australia (2012) Australasian Plant Pathology, 41, pp. 425-429; Carnegie, A.J., Glen, M., Mohammed, C., (2010) Rapid Screening of Commercial Forestry Species to Uredo Rangelii (Myrtle Rust) and Distinguishing U. Rangelii from Puccinia Psidii (Guava Rust), p. 22. , www.fwpa.com.au, Project No: PRC179-0910. August 2010. Report prepared for Forest & Wood Products Australia; Davies, T., Cullen, M.J.P., Malcolm, A., Mawson, M.H., Staniforth, A., White, A.A., Wood, N., A new dynamical core for the Met Office's global and regional modelling of the atmosphere (2005) Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 131, pp. 1759-1782. , http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1256/qj.04.101/pdf; Guy, N., Barry, M., (2017) Response Underway Following Myrtle Rust Find, , https://beehive.govt.nz/release/response-underwayfollowing-myrtle-rust-find, 5 May 2017; Glen, M., Alfenas, A.C., Zauza, E.A.V., Wingfield, M.J., Mohammed, C., Puccinia psidii: A threat to the Australian environment and economy - A review (2007) Australasian Plant Pathology, 36 (1), pp. 1-16; Hastings, D.A., Dunbar, P.K., Elphingstone, G.M., Bootz, M., Murakami, H., Maruyama, H., Masaharu, H., MacDonald, J.S., (1999) The Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) Digital Elevation Model, Version 1.0, , http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/globe.html, GLOBE Task Team National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center, Colorado, USA; Hanna, J.W., Neves Graca, R., Kim, M.-S., Ross-Davis, A.L., Hauff, R.D., Uchida, J.Y., Kadooka, C.Y., Klopfenstein, N.B., A bioclimatic approach to predict global regions with suitable climate for Puccinia psidii (2012) Proceedings of the 59th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference, pp. 131-136. , In: Zeglen S, Palacios P, comp. , October 2011, Washington USA; Hernandez Nopsa, J., Pfender, W.F., A latent period duration model for wheat stem rust (2014) Plant Disease, 98, pp. 1358-1363; Kim, K.S., Beresford, R.M., Use of a spectrum model and satellite cloud data in the simulation of wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) dispersal across the Tasman Sea in 1980 (2008) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148, pp. 1374-1382; Kriticos, D.J., Morin, L., Leriche, A., Anderson, R.C., Caley, P., Combining a climatic niche model of an invasive fungus with its host species distributions to identify risks to natural assets: Puccinia psidii sensu lato in Australia (2013) PLoS ONE, 8, p. e64479; Magarey, R.D., Sutton, T.B., Thayer, C.L., A simple generic infection model for foliar fungal plant pathogens (2005) Phytopathology, 95, pp. 92-100; (2017) Serious Fungal Plant Disease Found on Raoul Island Trees, , https://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-and-resources/media-releases/serious-fungal-plant-diseasefound-on-raoul-island-trees/, MPI, 04 April 2017; Narouei-Khandan, H.A., (2014) Ensemble Models to Assess the Risk of Exotic Plant Pathogens in a Changing Climate, , Ph.D. thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand. 280 p; Pegg, G.S., Brawner, J.T., Lee, D.J., Screening Corymbia populations for resistance to Puccinia psidii (2014) Plant Pathology, 63, pp. 425-436; (2018), http://www.pbcrc.com.au/news/2016/pbcrc/myrtle-rust-threataustralian-landscape-and-plant-industries, Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre (PBCRC) . Accessed 15 May 2018; Rossi, V., Racca, P., Pancaldi, D., Alberti, I., Appearance of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici on winter wheat: A simulation model (1996) EPPO Bulletin, 26, pp. 555-566; Ruiz, R.A.R., Alfenas, A.C., Ferreira, F.A., Do Vale, F.X.R., Influencia da temperature, do tempo molhamento foliar, fotoperiodo e da intensidade de luz sobre a infeccao de Puccinia psidii em eucalipto (1989) Fitopatologia Brasileira, 14, pp. 55-64; Sentelhas, P.C., Dalla Marta, A., Orlandini, S., Santos, E.A., Gillespie, T.J., Gleason, M.L., Suitability of relative humidity as an estimator of leaf wetness duration (2008) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148, pp. 392-400; Teng, P.S., Close, R.C., Effect of temperature and uredium density on urediniospore production, latent period, and infectious period of Puccinia hordei Otth (1978) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 21, pp. 287-296; Xavier, A.A., Costa Da Silva, A., Mauro Da Silva Guimaraes, L., Matsuoka, K., Hodges, C.S., Alfenas, A.C., Infection process of Puccinia psidii in Eucalyptus grandis leaves of different ages (2015) Tropical Plant Pathology, 40, pp. 318-325; Zadoks, J.C., Systems analysis and the dynamics of epidemics (1971) Phytopathology, 61, pp. 600-610 PY - 2018 SP - 332-347 ST - Predicting the climatic risk of myrtle rust during its first year in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Predicting the climatic risk of myrtle rust during its first year in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051628979&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.176&partnerID=40&md5=c40a1acba68485b1958ff3892488de03 VL - 71 ID - 1153 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Albugo candida is a significant pathogen of many brassica species causing leaf spotting but, more importantly, hypertrophy of flowering stems ("stagheads") resulting in yield loss. No chemicals are currently registered for white blister control in New Zealand. Little research has been carried out on white-blister management. The implications of seed transmission and subsequent disease expression in radish are not fully understood and control has relied on products containing metalaxyl-m+mancozeb. A range of fungicides were evaluated in two field trials and a pot trial for both efficacy against the disease and effect on radish yield. While metalaxyl-m+mancozeb improved yields in field trials and provided good disease suppression in pot trials, the fungicides azoxystrobin, boscalid+pyraclostrobin and cyazofamid were also equally effective or better than metalaxyl-m+mancozeb. Treatments were able to suppress leaf spotting by up to 90% and inflorescence infection by 50%. Seed yield increases of up to 67% were recorded. Potential new control options for white blister were identified providing alternatives to metalaxyl-m+mancozeb and thus contributing to an anti-resistance strategy. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Plant Diagnostics Ltd, PO Box 23122, Hornby, Christchurch, 8441, New Zealand Foundation for Arable Research (FAR), PO Box 32133, Hornby, Christchurch, 8441, New Zealand Plantwise Services Ltd, PO Box 69181, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand AU - Braithwaite, M. AU - Chynoweth, R. AU - Gunnarsson, M. AU - Braithwaite, L. AU - Harvey, I. AU - Rolston, P. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.172 KW - Albugo candida Chemical control Oospores Radish seed yield White blister M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Braithwaite, M.; Plant Diagnostics Ltd, PO Box 23122, Hornby, New Zealand; email: mark@plantdiagnosticslimited.co.nz References: (2017) Management of White Blister, , http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/plantdiseases/vegetable/white-blister-on-broccoli/management-of-white-blister, Agriculture Victoria; (2016) Crop Protection Compendium Datasheet for Albugo Candida (White Rust of Crucifers), , CABI Wallingford, UK; Cook, R.J., Zhang, B.X., Degrees of sensitivity to metalaxyl within the Pythium spp. pathogenic to wheat in the Pacific Northwest (1985) Plant Disease, 69, pp. 686-688; (2016) White Blister (White Rust) Disease in Radish. Arable Updates - Vegetable Seeds 3, p. 4. , FAR. Foundation for Arable Research, Christchurch, New Zealand; Fisher, D.J., Hayes, A.L., Studies of mechanisms of metalaxyl fungitoxicity and resistance to metalaxyl (1984) Crop Protection, 3, pp. 177-184; Kaur, P., Sivasithamparam, K., Barbetti, M.J., Host range and phylogenetic relationships of Albugo candida from cruciferous hosts in Western Australia, with special reference to Brassica juncea (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 712-718; Matson, M.E.H., Small, I.M., Fry, M.E., Judelson, H.S., Metalaxyl resistance in Phytophthora infestans: Assessing role of RPA190 gene and diversity within clonal lineages (2015) Phytopathology, 105, pp. 1594-1600; Molinero-Ruiz, M.L., Cordon-Torres, M.M., Martinez-Aguilar, J., Melero-Vara, M., Dominguez, J., Resistance to metalaxyl and to metalaxyl-M in populations of Plasmopara halstedii causing downy mildew in sunflower (2010) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 30, pp. 97-105; Minchinton, E.J., Galea, V., Thomson, F., Trapnell, L., Murdoch, C., Nadesan, S., Kita, N., (2005) Disease Management Strategies for Downy Mildew on Spring Onions and White Blister on Radish, pp. 35-37. , Horticulture Australia Ltd, Final Report: VG01045. Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia; (2014) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , http://www.R-project.org/, R Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Rimmer, S.R., Shattuck, V.I., Buchwaldt, L., (2007) Compendium of Brassica Diseases, pp. 54-56. , APS Press, St Paul, MN, USA PY - 2018 SP - 325-331 ST - White blister disease control in radish seed crops T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - White blister disease control in radish seed crops UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051676579&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.172&partnerID=40&md5=22aa22dcf4de4beac04ae1ac17485230 VL - 71 ID - 1146 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ethyl formate (EF) is used as a fumigant against insect pests on many commodities. Delivery of EF uses a carrier gas, usually carbon dioxide (CO2), to reduce its flammability. However, CO2 is expensive and can only be delivered relatively slowly. Nitrogen (N2) has been proposed as an alternative. The efficacy of EF delivered using CO2 or N2, was evaluated at 5 and 15°C, against two important postharvest pests of kiwifruit (greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax, Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and obscure mealybug (Pseudococcus viburni, Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)). Mortalities of both insect species were higher in the presence of CO2 than N2. There was a strong interaction with treatment temperature: N2 at 5°C resulted in low mortality across both species. Greedy scale was more susceptible to EF than obscure mealybug across all treatments. Nitrogen as a carrier gas for EF substantially lowered the efficacy of EF as an insecticidal fumigant, relative to CO2 . This is hypothesised to be caused by differing respiration rates across temperatures and CO2 concentrations. Solutions for rapid CO2 delivery should be explored over further trials with N2 at low temperatures. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), PO Box 92169, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand AU - Brown, S. D. J. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Hawthorne, A. J. AU - Wilkinson, R. T. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Hartnett, D. E. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Chhagan, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.152 KW - Disinfestation Fumigation Quarantine M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Brown, S.D.J.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), PO Box 92169, Mt Albert, New Zealand; email: Samuel.Brown@plantandfood.co.nz References: Blank, T.H., Gill, G.S.C., Kelly, J.M., Development and mortality of greedy scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) at constant temperatures (2000) Environmental Entomology., 29 (5), pp. 934-942; Chhagan, A., Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Zulhendri, F., Feng, R., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection., 66, pp. 63-74; Da Silva, V.C.P., Nondillo, A., Galzer, E.C.W., Garcia, M.S., Botton, M., Effect of host plants on the development, survivorship, and reproduction of Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (2017) Florida Entomologist., 100 (4), pp. 718-724; Damcevski, K.A., Annis, P.C., Waterford, C.J., Effect of grain on apparent respiration of adult stored-product Coleoptera in an airtight system: Implications for fumigant testing (1998) Journal of Stored Products Research, 34 (4), pp. 331-339; Dojchinov, G., Haritos, V.S., Mode of action of the rediscovered fumigant - Ethyl formate (2003) The BCPC International Congress: Crop Science and Technology, Volumes 1 and 2. Proceedings of An International Congress Held at the SECC, pp. 851-856. , Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 10-12 November 2003; (2017) GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Database, , http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabelling/GRAS/SCOGS/default.htm, FDA. Accessed 31 Oct 2017; Forster, T.D., Hetz, S.K., Spiracle activity in moth pupae-The role of oxygen and carbon dioxide revisited (2010) Journal of Insect Physiology, 56 (5), pp. 492-501; Griffin, M.J., Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Davis, V.A., Zulhendri, F., Connolly, P.G., The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 54-62; Haritos, V.S., Damcevski, K.A., Dojchinov, G., Improved efficacy of ethyl formate against stored grain insects by combination with carbon dioxide in a 'dynamic' application (2006) Pest Management Science, 62 (4), pp. 325-333; Heinrich, E., Bradley, T., Temperaturedependent variation in gas exchange patterns and spiracular control in Rhodnius prolixus (2014) Journal of Experimental Biology, 217, pp. 2752-2760; Jamieson, L., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N., Connolly, P., DeSilva, N., Phillips, C., Coolstorage for retaining market access for New Zealand kiwifruit (2009) Postharvest Pacifica 2009, Australasian Postharvest and Managing Quality in Chains Conference, p. 41; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Brash, D.W., Klementz, D., Bycroft, B.L., Connolly, P.G., Bollen, F., Phosphine fumigation to disinfest kiwifruit (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 35-43; Jeffery, P.B., Banks, N.H., Firmnesstemperature coefficient of kiwifruit (1994) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 22, pp. 97-101; Liesivuori, J., Savolainen, H., Methanol and Formic Acid Toxicity: Biochemical Mechanisms (1991) Pharmacology & Toxicology, 69 (3), pp. 157-163; Lighton, J.R.B., Discontinuous CO2 emission in a small insect, the formicine ant Camponotus vicinus (1988) Journal of Experimental Biology, 134, pp. 363-376; Ritenour, M.A., Ch, C., Garner, D.T., Cheng, G.W., Zoffoli, J.P., Temperature, length of cold storage and maturity influence the ripening rate of ethylene-preconditioned kiwifruit (1999) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15 (2), pp. 107-115; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (4), pp. 1084-1090; Thienel, M., Canals, M., Bozinovic, F., Veloso, C., The effects of temperature on the gas exchange cycle in Agathemera crassa (2015) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 183, pp. 126-130; (2000) The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer As Either Adjusted And/or Amended in London 1990, Copenhagen 1992, Vienna 1995, Montreal 1997, Beijing 1999, p. 54. , UNEP, United Nations Environment Program Ozone Secreariat, Nairobi; Vincent, L., Lindgren, D., Hydrogen phosphide and ethyl formate: Fumigation of insects infesting dates and other dried fruits (1972) Journal of Economic Entomology, 65 (6), pp. 1667-1669; Woolf, A., McDonald, R., Rogers, D., Olsson, S., Redpath, S., O'Donoghue, E., Cate, L., Jamieson, L., Advances in application of high pressure washing to enhance market access (2015) Acta Horticulturae, 1105, pp. 385-390; Woolf, A., Page-Weir, N., Oliver, R., Hawthorne, A., Chhagan, A., Hartnett, D., Feng, R., Jamieson, L., High pressure air for pest removal from kiwifruit (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, p. 315; Xin, N., Ren, Y.L., Forrester, R.I., Ming, X., Mahon, D., Toxicity of ethyl formate to adult Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha Dominica (F.) (2008) Journal of Stored Products Research, 44 (3), pp. 241-246 PY - 2018 SP - 102-111 ST - Mortality of kiwifruit pests (Coccoidea) exposed to ethyl formate delivered using either carbon dioxide or nitrogen carrier gases T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Mortality of kiwifruit pests (Coccoidea) exposed to ethyl formate delivered using either carbon dioxide or nitrogen carrier gases UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051672665&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.152&partnerID=40&md5=6b1c4fb84fbf79cac270d4615ab58a48 VL - 71 ID - 1155 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Nitrogen fertilisers are widely used in apple orchards. However, the effects of various nitrogen sources on growth and sporulation of the fungus Neonectria ditissima, which causes European canker, are not fully understood. The effects of various nitrogen sources commonly used in apple orchards (potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, NitrophoskaR and urea) on percent germination and germtube growth of N. ditissima conidia were tested in vitro. Nitrogen concentrations below 0.2 mol/L did not significantly affect percent conidial germination; however, concentrations above 0.2 mol/L significantly decreased germination. Germtube growth was also affected, generally decreasing with increased N. Percent germination was influenced by the N source, but germtube growth was not. Very low concentrations of urea were indicated to stimulate germtube growth. Higher concentrations, showed toxic effects on both germination and germtube growth. The presence of exogenous N from various sources did not affect initial germination and growth in the N. ditissima infection process of apple tissues. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Old Mill Rd, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Agroalimentaires (ENSAIA), 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54505, France AU - Campbell, R. E. AU - Chevalier, C. E. AU - Touron, A. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.132 KW - European canker Fertiliser Germination Germtube growth Neonectria ditissima Nitrate Nitrogen M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Campbell, R.E.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Old Mill Rd, New Zealand; email: Rebecca.campbell@plantandfood.co.nz References: Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Scheper, R.W.A., Agar media for isolation of Neonectria ditissima from symptomatic and asymptomatic apple tissues and production of infective conidia (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 116-122; Beresford, R.M., Horner, I.J., Wood, P.N., Autumn-applied urea and other compounds to suppress Venturia inaequalis ascospore production (2000) New Zealand Plant Protection, 53, pp. 382-392; Burchill, R.T., Field and laboratory studies of the effect of urea on ascospore production of Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint (1968) Annals of Applied Biology, 62 (2), pp. 297-307; Dryden, G.H., Nelson, M.A., Smith, J.T., Walter, M., Postharvest foliar nitrogen applications increase Neonectria ditissima leaf scar infection in apple trees (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 230-237; Fagard, M., Launay, A., Clement, G., Courtial, J., Dellagi, A., Farjad, M., Krapp, A., Masclaux-Daubresse, C., Nitrogen metabolism meets phytopathology (2014) Journal of Experimental Botany, 65 (19), pp. 5643-5656; Hill-Cottingham, D.G., Bollard, E.G., Chemical changes in apple tree tissues following applications of fertiliser nitrogen (1965) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 8 (4), pp. 778-787; Huber, D.M., Watson, R.D., Nitrogen form and plant disease (1974) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 12, pp. 139-165; Matsushima, T., A new medium for identification of hyphomycetes (1961) Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan, 2, pp. 118-120; Orchard, S., Campbell, R.E., Turner, L., Butler, R.C., Curnow, T., Patrick, E., Walter, M., Longterm deep-freeze storage of Neonectria ditissima conidium suspensions does not reduce their ability to infect apple trees (2018) New Zealand Plant Protection, 71, pp. 158-165; Scheper, R.W.A., Fisher, B.M., Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Effect of culture medium, light and air circulation on sporulation of Neonectria ditissima (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 123-132; Siddig, A.A., Osman, I.M., Ali, E.M., Effects of variety, nitrogen form and application timing of fungicide on early blight disease on tomato (2013) Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences, 2 (3), pp. 241-248; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (Nectria galligena) (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Veverka, K., Stolcova, J., Ruzek, P., Sensitivity of fungi to urea, ammonium nitrate and their equimolar solution UAN (2007) Plant Protection Science, 43 (4), pp. 157-164; Walter, M., Stevenson, O.D., Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., Rainham, D.G., Hornblow, C.G., Kerer, U., Butler, R.C., Control of Neonectria ditissima with copper based products in New Zealand (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 241-249; Walter, M., Roy, S., Fisher, B.M., Mackle, L., Amponsah, N.T., Curnow, T., Campbell, R.E., Scheper, R.W.A., How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by Neonectria ditissima? (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 238-245; Weber, R.W.S., Biology and control of the apple canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn (2014) N. Galligena) from a Northwestern European Perspective. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 56, pp. 95-107; Wermelinger, B., Oertli, J.J., Delucchi, V., Effect of host plant nitrogen fertilization on the biology of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (1985) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 38, pp. 23-28; Wood, P.N., Beresford, R.M., Taylor, T.J., Suppression of Venturia inaequalis (apple scab) ascospore production using autumnapplied fungicides (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 54-58 PY - 2018 SP - 180-188 ST - The effect of nitrogen source on in vitro growth of Neonectria ditissima (European canker) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of nitrogen source on in vitro growth of Neonectria ditissima (European canker) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051671095&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.132&partnerID=40&md5=62ed6286c590f04855c39ae18edaaa4a VL - 71 ID - 1115 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Termites belong to the infraorder Isoptera, which contains almost 3,000 described species worldwide. These social insects cause substantial damage globally leading to billions of dollars of losses annually. Damage can occur to timber, wooden goods, paper, cotton, certain plastics, trees and many crops. Consequently, termite control and management is a major sector in the global pest-control industry. However, economic losses due to termite damage have not been quantified in the Fiji Islands to date. A review of published literature was conducted to assess the geographic range of Asian subterranean termites that occur in the Fiji Islands and to identify existing and potential control measures. The most common termite species that is known to cause millions of dollars of damage each year in the Fiji Islands is Coptotermes gestroi. This species is currently controlled primarily using the chemical fipronil but integrated termite management is the preferred long-term solution. Other possible control methods include physical, cultural, chemical and biological options. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - School of Science and Technology, University of Fiji, Lautoka, Fiji Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, University of the South Pacific, Fiji AU - Chand, R. R. AU - Jokhan, A. D. AU - Charan, H. AU - Raj, K. AU - Singh, P. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.111 KW - Asian subterranean termite Biology and status Coptotermes gestroi Fiji Islands Management practices M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Chand, R.R.; School of Science and Technology, University of FijiFiji; email: s11074077p@gmail.com References: Abdul Khalil, H.P.S., Kong, N.H., Ahmad, M.N., Bhat, A.H., Jawaid, M., Jumat, S., Selective solvent extraction of the bark of Rhizophora apiculata as an anti-termite agent against Coptotermes gestroi (2009) Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 29 (4), pp. 286-304; Ahmed, B.M., (2000) The Effects of Boron-treated Timbers Against Coptotermes Species in Australia, , PhD. Unpublished thesis, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Ahmed, B., French, J., Vinden, P., Review of remedial and preventative methods to protect timber in service from attack by subterranean termites in Australia (2004) Sociobiology, 44 (2), pp. 1-13; Ahmad, I., Kuswanto, E., Dungani, R., Threat of subterranean termites attack in the asian countries and their control: A review (2015) Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 8 (4), pp. 227-239; Barlow, S.M., Sullivan, F.M., Miller, R.K., (2015) Occupational, Industrial and Environmental Agents. Drugs during Pregnancy and Lactation (3rd Edition), pp. 599-638. , San Diego, Academic Press; (2017) Asian Subterranean Termites, , www.baf.com.fj/news/asiansubterranean-termites, Biosecurity Authority of Fiji, Retrieved 04/11/2017 from; Bobbarala, V., Vadlapudi, V., Abrus precatorius L. seed extracts antimicrobial properties against clinically important bacteria (2009) International Journal of PharmTech Research, 1, pp. 1115-1118; Cao, R., Su, N.-Y., Temperature preferences of four subterranean termite species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and temperature-dependent survivorship and wood-consumption rate (2016) Ecology and Population Biology, 109 (1), pp. 64-71; Termites hold up traffic (2011) The Fiji Times, , Chaudhary F (3 October); Culliney, T., Grace, J., Prospects for the biological control of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), with special reference to Coptotermes formosanus (2000) Bulletin of Entomological Research, 90 (1), pp. 9-21; Doi, S., Kurimoto, Y., Ohmura, W., Ohara, S., Aoyama, M., Yoshimura, T., Effects of heat treatments of wood on the feeding behaviour of two subterranean termites (1999) Holzforschung, 53 (3), pp. 225-229; Dufera, J.T., Fufa, T.G., Evaluation of chemical, botanical and cultural managements of termites control (2014) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 17 (2), pp. 272-276; Edwards, R., Mill, A.E., (1986) Termites in Buildings. Their Biology and Control, , East Grinstead, England, Rentokil Ltd; Engler, K.M., Gold, R.E., Effects of multiple generations of Metarhizium anisopliae on subterranean termite feeding and mortality (2004) National Conference on Urban Entomology; Epsky, N.D., Capinera, J.L., Efficacy of the entomogenous nematode Steinernema feltiae against a subterranean termite, Reticulitermes tibialis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1998) Journal of Economic Entomology, 81, pp. 1313-1317; Evans, T.A., Forschler, B.T., Grace, J.K., Biology of invasive termites: A worldwide review (2013) Annual Review of Entomology, 58, pp. 455-474; Forschler, B., Sustainable termite management using an integrated pest management approach (2011) Urban Pest Management: An Environmental Perspective, pp. 133-144. , In: Dhang P ed. Oxfordshire: CAB International; French, J.R.J., Baits and foraging behavior of Australian species of Coptotermes (1991) Sociobiology, 19, pp. 171-186; Grace, J.K., Termite-resistant construction: Use of a stainless steel mesh to exclude Coptotermes formosanus (1996) Sociobiology, 28 (3), pp. 365-372; Grace, J.K., Yates, J.R., Termite resistant construction and building materials (1999) 3rd International Conference on Urban Pests, pp. 399-406. , In: Robinson WH, Rettich F, Rambo GW ed., Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, 19-22 July 1999; Hansen, J., Johnson, J., Winter, D., History and use of heat in pest control: A review (2011) International Journal of Pest Management, 57 (4), pp. 267-289; Harit, A.K., Gajalakshmi, S., Abbasi, S.A., Swarming of the termite Coptotermes gestroi in North-Eastern Puducherry (2014) Zoology and Ecology, 24 (1), pp. 62-69; Harit, A.K., Gajalakshmi, S., Abbasi, S.A., Studies on the development of captive termite colonies (2016) Zoology and Ecology, 26 (4), pp. 301-312; Hassan, A., Hafiz, A., Rashid, M., Minimum perimeter treatment against subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) using imidacloprid in Malaysia (2008) 6th International Conference on Urban Pests, pp. 373-378. , Budapest, Hungary, 13-16 July 2008; Husseneder, C., Symbiosis in subterranean termites: A review of insights from molecular studies (2010) Environmental Entomology, 39 (2), pp. 378-388; Ibach, R.E., Hadi, Y.S., Nandika, D., Yusuf, S., Indrayani, Y., Termite and fungal resistance of in situ polymerized tributyltin acrylate and acetylated Indonesian and USA wood.The International Research Group on Wood (2000) Preservation. Section 3, Wood Protecting Chemicals: 31st Annual Meeting, p. 13. , Kona, Hawaii, USA, 14-19 May 2000. Stockholm, Sweden : IRG Secretariat, 2000; (2010) Asian Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes Gestroi) Incursion FJI-01/2. 1-5, , International Plant Protection Convention; Jembere, A., Berecha, G., Tolossa, A.R., Impacts of termites on selected soil physicochemical characteristics in the highlands of Southwest Ethiopia (2017) Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63 (12), pp. 1676-1684; Jouquet, P., Dauber, J., Lagerlof, J., Lavelle, P., Lepage, M., Soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers: Intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops (2006) Applied Soil Ecology, 32, pp. 153-164; Kard, B.M., Integrated pest management of subterranean termites (Isoptera) (2003) Journal of Entomological Science, 38 (2), pp. 200-224; Korb, J., The ecology of social evolution in termites (2008) Ecology of Social Evolution, pp. 151-174. , In: Korb J, Heinze J ed. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Kuswanto, E., Ahmad, I., Dungani, R., Threat of subterranean termites attack in the Asian countries and their control: A review (2015) Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 8 (4), pp. 227-239; Lai, P.Y., (1977) Biology and Ecology of the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Formosanus, and Its Susceptibility to the Entomogenous Fungi, Beauveria Bassiana and Metarrhizium Anisopliae, , Ph.D. Unpublished thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Honolulu; LeBayon, I., Ansard, D., Brunet, C., Paulmier, I., Pruvost, A., (1999) Biocontrol of Reticulitermes Santonensis by Entomopathogenic Fungi, pp. 1-9. , International Research Group on Wood Protection, IRG Secretariat, Stockolm; Lee, K.C., Sun, J.-Z., Zhu, Y., Mallette, E.J., A case study of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) transported with a noncellulosic commercial carrier in south Mississippi (2009) Sociobiology, 53 (3), pp. 619-629; Lee, S.-H., Effects of tunnel slopes on movement efficiency and behavior of termites (2017) Oriental Insects, pp. 1-10; Lenz, M., Lee, C., Robinson, W., Biological control in termite management: The potential of nematodes and fungal pathogens (2005) Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests (ICPU), pp. 47-52. , Suntec, Singapore. July 10-13, 2005; Lenz, M., Kamath, M., Lal, S., Senivasa, E., (2000) Status of the Tree-damaging Neotermes Sp. Fiji's American Mahogany Plantation and Preliminary Evaluation of the Use of Entomopathogens for Their Control, , ACIAR Small Project No. FST/96/205, Project Report (in part); Lewis, V.R., Haverty, M.I., Lethal effects of electrical shock treatments to the western drywood termite (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) and resulting damage to wooden test boards (2001) Sociobiology, 37 (1), pp. 163-184; Lopes, R.D.S., Gd, L., Correia, M.T.D.S., Da Costa, A.F., Lima, E.A.D.L.A., Lima, V.L.D.M., The potential of Isaria spp. as a bioinsecticide for the biological control of Nasutitermes corniger (2017) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 27 (9), pp. 1038-1048; Mahapatro, G.K., Chatterjee, D., Integrated termite management in the context of indoor and outdoor pest situation (2018) Termites and Sustainable Management: Volume 2 - Economic Losses and Management, pp. 119-135. , In: Khan MA, Ahmad W eds. Cham, Springer International Publishing; Maketon, M., Sawangwan, P., Sawatwarakul, W., Laboratory study on the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) in controlling Coptotermes gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2007) Entomologia Generalis, 30 (3), pp. 203-218; Mauldin, J.K., Beal, R.H., Entomogenous nematodes for control of subterranean termites, Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1638-1642; (2010) Government Taskforce to Counter Termite Outbreak, , http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/Governmenttaskforce-to-counter-termite-outbreak.aspx, Ministry of Information Fiji, In: Ministry of Communications ed. Fiji Islands, The Fijian Government; Nasilasila, V., (2014) Farmer Discovers Termites Affecting Sugarcane Yield, , Fiji Sun Online (31 December); Neves, P.M.O.J., Alves, S.B., External events related to the infection process of Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar) (Isoptera: Termitidae) by the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (2004) Neotropical Entomology, 33, pp. 51-56; Nunes, L., Nobre, T., Strategies of subterranean termite control in buildings (2001) Historical Constructions, , In: Lourenco PB, Roca P ed. Brasil; Osbrink, W.L.A., Williams, K.S., Connick, W.J., Wright, M.S., Lax, A.R., Virulence of bacteria associated with the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in New Orleans, la (2001) Environmental Entomology, 30 (2), pp. 443-448; Peralta, R.C.G., Menezes, E.B., Carvalho, A.G., Aguiar-Menezes, E., Feeding preference of subterranean termites for forest species associated or not a wood decaying fungi (2003) Floresta e Ambiente, 10, pp. 58-63; Pongpattananurak, N., (1997) Resistance of Wood Preservative-treated Rubberwood to the Subterranean Termite, , http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TH2000000681, Retrieved 12/05/2018; Prasad, R., (2013) Potential of the Problematic Weed Abrus Precatorius to Control Invasive Coptotermes Gestroi Termites in Fiji, , MSc. Unpublished thesis, University of the South Pacific, Fiji Islands; Rath, A.C., The use of entomopathogenic fungi for control of termites (2000) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10 (5), pp. 563-581; Redford, A., Walters, T., Howard, F.W., Trice, M., (2013) Termites (Isoptera), , http://idtools.org/id/palms/sap/factsheet.php?name=Termites+%28Isoptera%29, Retrieved 12/05/2018; Riekert, H.F., Van Den Berg, J., Evaluation of chemical control measures for termites in maize (2003) South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 20 (1), pp. 1-5; Roszaini, K., Rafeadah, R., Dahlan, J.M., Durability of Malaysian timbers against the Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann (2009) Journal of the Institute of Wood Science, 19 (1), pp. 16-21; Rouland-Lefevre, C., Termites as pests of agriculture (2011) Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis, pp. 499-517. , In: Bignell DE, Roisin Y, Lo N ed. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands; Rust, M.K., Su, N.-Y., Managing social insects of urban importance (2012) Annual Review of Entomology, 57, pp. 355-375; Santos, M.N., Teixeira, M.L.F., Pereira, M.B., Menezes, E.B., Environmental factors influencing the foraging and feeding behavior of two termite species (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in natural habitats (2010) Sociobiology, 55 (3), pp. 763-778; Scheffrahn, R.H., Overview and current status of non-native termites (Isoptera) in Florida (2013) Florida Entomologist, 96, pp. 781-788; Scheffrahn, R.H., Su, N.-Y., (1997) Drywood Termite Control: Weighing All the Options, , http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures, Ft. Lauderdale REC Research Report 97-1. University of Florida Wood-Destroying Insects Unit; Scheffrahn, R.H., Su, N.Y., (2000) Common Name: Asian Subterranean Termite Scientific Name: Coptotermes Gestroi (= Havilandi) (Wasmann) (Insecta: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), , http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/termites/havilandi.htm, University of Florida, USA Retrieved 15/12/2017; Scheffrahn, R.H., Su, N.Y., (2017) Asian Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Gestroi (=Havilandi) (Wasmann) (Insecta: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), , http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN28500.pdf, Retrieved 15/01/2017; Scheffrahn, R.H., Su, N.Y., Busey, P., Laboratory and field evaluations of selected chemical treatments for control of drywood termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) (1997) Journal of Economic Entomology, 90, pp. 492-502; Snyder, T.E., Termites modify building codes (1927) Journal of Economic Entomology, 20 (2), pp. 316-321; Sornnuwat, Y., Studies on damage of constructions caused by subterranean termites and its control in Thailand (1996) Wood Research : Bulletin of the Wood Research Institute Kyoto University, 83, pp. 59-139; Sornnuwat, Y., Vongkaluang, C., Takahashi, M., Yoshimura, T., Tsunoda, K., Longevity of soil termiticides weathered for 3-4 years in Thailand under in situ observation and laboratory bioassay using Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann (1996) Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 42, pp. 520-531; (2014) Phyisical Termite Protection Barriers, ST Control, Austrialia, , http://www.termitespecialist.com.au/information-forbuilders/physical-barriers/, Specialist Termite Control, Retrieved 18/10/2017; Staunton, I., (2014) Urban Pest Management in Australia. 5 Ed., p. 358. , Sydney, UNSW Press; Su, N.-Y., Field evaluation of a hexaflumuron bait for population suppression of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1994) Journal of Economic Entomology, 87 (2), pp. 389-397; Su, N.-Y., Scheffrahn, R.H., A review of subterranean termite control practices and prospects for integrated pest management programmes (1998) Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 3 (1), pp. 1-13; Su, N.-Y., Scheffrahn, R.H., Termites as pests of buildings (2000) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology, pp. 437-453. , In: Abe T, Bignell DE, Higashi M ed. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands; Su, N.Y., Scheffrahn, R.H., Weissling, T., A new introduction of a subterranean termite, Coptotermes havilandi Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Miami, Florida (1997) Florida Entomologist, 80, pp. 408-411; Tagbor, T.A., (2009) The Anti-termite Properties and Basic Phytochemicals of Eight Local Plants and the Chemical Characterisation of Thevetia Peruviana (Pers) K. Schum in Ghana, pp. 1-237. , Unpublished thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, West Africa; (2017) How Termite Colonies Are Formed, , https://www.terminix.com/termitecontrol/colonies/, The Terminix International Co. Ltd. Memphis, TN, USA; Tian, L., Zhou, X., The soldiers in societies: Defense, regulation, and evolution (2014) International Journal of Biological Sciences, 10 (3), pp. 296-308; Trudeau, D., (1989) Selection of Entomophilic Nematodes for Control of the Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes Flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), p. 238. , Unpublished thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Tsunoda, K., Improved management of termites to protect Japanese homes (2005) UK, International Conference on Urban Pests (ICUP), pp. 33-37; Verma, M., Sharma, S., Prasad, R., Biological alternatives for termite control: A review (2009) International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 63 (8), pp. 959-972; Vreysen, M.J.B., Robinson, A.S., Hendrichs, J., Kenmore, P., Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management (AW-IPM): Principles, Practice and Prospects (2007) Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation, pp. 3-33. , In: Vreysen MJB, Robinson AS, Hendrichs J eds. Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands; Yates, I.I.I.J., Grace, J., Tamashiro, M., The Formosan subterranean termite: A review of new management methods in Hawaii (1997) Proceedings of FAOPMA Convention, pp. 59-68. , held in Hong Kong, April PY - 2018 SP - 129-139 ST - Threats posed by Asian subterranean termites in the Fiji Islands and their potential controls: A review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Threats posed by Asian subterranean termites in the Fiji Islands and their potential controls: A review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051647061&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.111&partnerID=40&md5=4fb35b560b084a127d7c57fffb1b8ea1 VL - 71 ID - 1148 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Powdery mildew (PM) infection of cucurbits is a major problem facing commercial New Zealand growers. Resistance to demethylation inhibitor fungicides is widespread so, there is a demand for new-generation bio-fungicides that can provide durable control alternatives in both conventional and organic systems. A wide range of milk products, plant and animal fats/oils, and natural plant elicitors were tested for their ability to control PM on squash and zucchini plants in a series of four glasshouse trials. The most promising product tested was anhydrous milk fat (AMF), in formulation with an emulsifier (Alanate 191™ or PanodanR AL10), an antioxidant (Grindox 122™) and/or other products (Synertrol Horti oil). These treatments were as effective as commercial fungicides in controlling PM, but there were significant issues with plant health. Future work will focus on reducing concentrations of the active ingredient to produce an effective formulation that is not detrimental to plant health. Soybean oil, coconut fat and olive oil formulations with PanodanR AL10 and Grindox 122™ also gave effective PM control with minimal effect on plant health. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 3230, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand AU - Chee, A. A. AU - George, M. AU - Alavi, M. AU - Wurms, K. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.123 KW - Anhydrous milk fat Casein Coconut fat Cucurbit powdery mildew Milk Olive oil Soybean oil Whey M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Wurms, K.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 3230, New Zealand; email: kirstin.wurms@plantandfood.co.nz References: Bettiol, W., Effectiveness of cow's milk against zucchini squash powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in greenhouse conditions (1999) Crop Protection, 18, pp. 489-492; Bettiol, W., Silva, H.S.A., Reis, R.C., Effectiveness of whey against zucchini squash and cucumber powdery mildew (2008) Scientia Horticulturae, 117, pp. 82-84; Colcol, J.F., Rallos, L.E., Baudoin, A.B., Sensitivity of Erysiphe necator to demethylation inhibitor fungicides in Virginia (2012) Plant Disease, 96, pp. 111-116; Coleman, R., Penner, D., Desiccant activity of short chain fatty acids (2006) Weed Technology, 20, pp. 410-415; Crisp, P., Wicks, T.J., Troup, G., Scott, E.S., Mode of action of milk and whey in the control of grapevine powdery mildew (2006) Australasian Plant Pathology, 35, pp. 487-493; Ferrandino, F.J., Smith, V.L., The effect of milkbased foliar sprays on yield components of field pumpkins with powdery mildew (2007) Crop Protection, 26, pp. 657-663; Fukuda, M., Tsujino, Y., Fujimori, T., Wakabayashi, K., Boger, P., Phytotoxic activity of middlechain fatty acids I: Effects on cell constituents (2004) Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 80, pp. 143-150; Gallardo-Williams, M.T., Geiger, C.L., Pidala, J.A., Martin, D.F., Essential fatty acids and phenolic acids from extracts and leachates of southern cattail (Typha domingensis P.) (2002) Phytochemistry, 59, pp. 305-308; Glawe, D.A., The powdery mildews: A review of the world's most familiar (yet poorly known) plant pathogens (2008) Annual Review of Phytopathology. Annual Reviews, pp. 27-51. , Palo Alto; Horincar, G., Bahrim, G., The antimicrobial properties of enzymatic hydrolysates of goat milk fat (2017) Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati, Fascicle VI-Food Technology, 41, pp. 30-40; Lederer, B., Fujimori, T., Tsujino, Y., Wakabayashi, K., Boger, P., Phytotoxic activity of middle-chain fatty acids II: Peroxidation and membrane effects (2004) Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 80, pp. 151-156; Lopez-Ruiz, F.J., Perez-Garcia, A., Fernandez-Ortuno, D., Romero, D., Garcia, E., De Vicente, A., Brown, J.K.M., Tores, J.A., Sensitivities to DMI fungicides in populations of Podosphaera fusca in south central Spain (2010) Pest Management Science, 66, pp. 801-808; Martins, S.J., Medeiros, F.H.V., Andrade, R.C., Nunez, A.M.P., Souza, B., Moino, A., Filgueiras, C.C., Dual role of milk on aphid and powdery mildew control in kale (2016) Scientia Horticulturae, 203, pp. 126-130; Pasini, C., Daquila, F., Curir, P., Gullino, M.L., Effectiveness of antifungal compounds against rose powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae) in glasshouses (1997) Crop Protection, 16, pp. 251-256; Reglinski, T., Elmer, P.A.G., Taylor, J.T., Wood, P.N., Hoyte, S.M., Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea growth and suppression of botrytis bunch rot in grapes using chitosan (2010) Plant Pathology, 59, pp. 882-890; Savocchia, S., Mandel, R., Crisp, P., Scott, E.S., Evaluation of 'alternative' materials to sulfur and synthetic fungicides for control of grapevine powdery mildew in a warm climate region of Australia (2011) Australasian Plant Pathology, 40, pp. 20-27; Spencer, D.M., Standardised methods for the evaluation of fungicides to control cucumber powdery mildew (1977) McFarlane NR Ed Crop Protection Agents - Their Biological Evaluation, pp. 455-464. , Academic Press, London; Takahashi, H., Ohki, A., Kanzaki, M., Tanaka, A., Sato, Y., Matthes, B., Boger, P., Wakabayashi, K., Very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis is inhibited by cafenstrole, N, N-diethyl-3-mesitylsulfonyl-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-1-carboxamide and its analogs (2001) Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences, 56, pp. 781-786; (2017) Sooty Mold, , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooty-mold, Wikipedia (accessed 4 May 2018); Wurms, K., Chee, A., Product formulation is critical to the success of lipid-based biofungicides (2018) New Zealand Plant Protection, 71, pp. 272-284 PY - 2018 SP - 262-271 ST - Lipid-based bio-fungicides for control of powdery mildew in cucurbits T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Lipid-based bio-fungicides for control of powdery mildew in cucurbits UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051632360&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.123&partnerID=40&md5=960f456eee13237f8b7792e13f4ba2e8 VL - 71 ID - 1129 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coleophora deauratella (red-clover casebearer moth, RCCB) was first confirmed as present in New Zealand during late 2016. It devastated red-clover seed crops throughout the mid-Canterbury region during the 2016/17 growing season but its distribution and control options were unknown. Therefore, traps containing a male pheromone specific to RCCB were located inside either red-clover seed crops or hay crops at 27 sites throughout the South Island and lower North Island during summer 2017/18. Moth numbers were monitored at 7-14 day intervals between November and February. RCCB was confirmed as present at all 27 sites (from Invercargill to Masterton). Peak flights occurred during December with mean moth catch well correlated in thermal time, with half of adult emergence occurring 285°C days from 1 July (baseline temperature=12°C). Laboratory-based trials were conducted against live moths to evaluate the effectiveness of various organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Tau-fluvalinate, lambda cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos each provided >90% control of moths so chemical control is possible, if required. However, an integrated pest-management control strategy needs to be tested and evaluated. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Foundation for Arable Research (FAR), PO Box 32133, Hornby, Christchurch, 8441, New Zealand AgResearch, Lincoln, Private Bag 4749, Canterbury, 8140, New Zealand AU - Chynoweth, R. AU - Rolston, P. AU - McNeill, M. AU - Hardwick, S. AU - Bell, O. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.180 KW - Insecticide control Pheromone trap Red clover Seed production M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Chynoweth, R.; Foundation for Arable Research (FAR), PO Box 32133, Hornby, New Zealand; email: Richard.Chynoweth@far.org.nz References: (2018) Red Clover Casebearer Moth, , https://www.mpi.govt.nz/protection-andresponse/responding/alerts/red-clovercasebearer-moth/, Anonymous. Accessed 16 April 2018; Evenden, M.L., Mori, B.A., Gries, R., Otani, J., Sex pheromone of the red clover casebearer moth, Coleophora deauratella, an invasive pest of clover in Canada (2010) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 137 (3), pp. 255-261; Jones, C.A., Kiniry, J.R., (1986) CERES-Maize: A Simulation Model of Maize Growth and Development, , Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX, USA; Landry, J.-F., Coleophora deauratella Lienig and Zeller (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) in North America: An introduced, newly detected European moth injurious to red clover seeds (1991) The Canadian Entomologist, 123 (5), pp. 1125-1133; Mansfield, S., Dillon, M.L., Whitehouse, M.E.A., Are arthropod communities in cotton really disrupted? An assessment of insecticide regimes and evaluation of the beneficial disruption index (2006) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 113, pp. 326-335; Mori, B.A., Yoder, C., Otani, J., Evenden, M.L., Relationships among male Coleophora deauratella (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) pheromone-baited trap capture, larval abundance, damage and flight phenology (2014) Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 16 (2), pp. 207-215; Pearson, W.D., Management practices reduce casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) damage to white clover seed crops (1980) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 8 (1), pp. 71-74; Pearson, W.D., Coleophora frischella L., whitetipped clover casebearer, C. spissicornis Haworth, banded clover casebearer (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) (1989) A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987, pp. 73-85. , In: Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP eds. DSIR Entomology Division. CAB International Institute of Biological Control, Wallingford, UK; Schroeder, N., Clifford, P.P.T., (1996) The Incidence of Insect Pests and Their Arthropod Predators in 24 Canterbury White Clover Seed Crops, pp. 29-33. , Agronomy Society of New Zealand Special Publication No. 11 / Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 6; Stuart, A.M., A review of work in New Zealand on the clover case-bearers Coleophora spissicornis Haw. and C. alcyonipennella Kollar ( Coleophoridae, Lep.) (1958) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1 (2), pp. 239-248; Trought, T.E.T., Pests in herbage seed production (1979) Herbage Seed Production, Grassland Research and Practice Series No.1, pp. 41-45. , In: Lancashire JA ed. New Zealand Grassland Association PY - 2018 SP - 232-239 ST - Red clover casebearer moth (Coleophora deauratella) is widespread throughout New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Red clover casebearer moth (Coleophora deauratella) is widespread throughout New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051680828&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.180&partnerID=40&md5=f4643ae8edbe3595ea474f7ebbbf7098 VL - 71 ID - 1121 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Kiwifruit are sprayed in late winter with hydrogen cyanamide to enhance with bud burst. The trellis layout of kiwifruit vines in combination with the canopy dormancy at that time of year means that a higher portion of the spray is able to drift away from the canopy. A spray application field study was conducted in a kiwifruit orchard to investigate spray drift potential, with particular focus for conditions relevant to hydrogen cyanamide applications. Spray application with conventional airblast-sprayer hollow-cone nozzles/ adjuvant was compared with air-induction (AI) nozzles/drift-reducing adjuvant. Spray was applied every second row in the orchard with spray drift sampling conducted by measuring vertical distribution of spray deposition on both sides of the downwind shelterbelt. The trial showed that airborne drift carried to a height of at least 15 m to the downwind edge of the orchard, which was the height of the vertical sampling towers. The air-induction nozzle/driftreducing adjuvant system reduced the drift intercepted at 15 m height on the downwind side of the shelterbelt by approximately 78% compared to the standard nozzle/adjuvant system. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch, 7640, New Zealand Lincoln Agritech Ltd, PO Box 69133, Lincoln, Christchurch, 7640, New Zealand Application Insight, LLC, 2519 Wilson Avenue, Lansing, MI 48906, United States Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Private Bag 3062, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia AU - Connell, R. AU - Post, S. AU - Ledebuhr, M. AU - Moorhead, B. AU - Hewitt, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.186 KW - Air induction nozzles Airblast sprayer Hydrogen cyanamide Kiwifruit spray Spray drift M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Post, S.; Lincoln Agritech Ltd, PO Box 69133, New Zealand; email: scott.post@lincolnagritech.co.nz References: Bonds, J.A.S., Leggett, M., A literature review of downwind drift from airblast sprayers: Development of standard methodologies and a drift database (2015) Transactions of the ASABE, 58, pp. 1471-1477; Connell, R., Woodward, S., Zabkiewicz, J., Hewitt, A., Shelterbelt interception of agrichemicals: Model and field results (2010) Aspects of Applied Biology, 99, pp. 443-448; Fritz, B.K., Hoffmann, W.C., Collection efficiencies of various airborne spray flux samplers used in aerial application research (2008) Journal of ASTM International, 5, pp. 1-11; Gaskin, R., Manktelow, D., Steele, K., Adjuvant and application technologies to minimise off-target drift from kiwifruit sprays (2006) New Zealand Plant Protection, 59, p. 217; Gaskin, R., Manktelow, D., May, W., Adjuvants and air inclusion nozzles reduce hydrogen cyanamide spray drift in kiwifruit orchards (2007) Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals (ISAA2007), , Columbus, OH, USA, 6-9 Aug. 2007; Gaskin, R., Manktelow, D., May, W., (2009) Field Studies to Optimise Spray Deposits on Shelterbelts and Minimise Off-target Drift, , http://maxa.maf.govt.nz/sff/about-projects/search/06-090/shelter-drift-report.pdf, Report to NZ Kiwifruit Growers, Inc. SFF Project # 06/090. July 2009; Gaskin, R., Manktelow, D., May, B., Max, S., Development of Best Practice to minimise off-target drift from hydrogen cyanamide sprays in kiwifruit orchards (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 153-158; Gaskin, R., Manktelow, D., Cook, S., May, W., Van Leeuwen, R., Effects of canopy density on spray deposition in kiwifruit (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 194-198; Holland, P., Maber, J., (1992) Reducing the Problem of Spray Drift, , NZ Kiwifruit, Feb: 18-19; Holland, P., Maber, J., May, W., Malcolm, C., Drift from orchard spraying (1997) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 112-118; Johnson, D., (1995) Drift from Orchard Airblast Applications: Integration and Summary of 1993 and 1994 Field Studies, , Spray Drift Task Force (SDTF) Report No. I95-004. Stewart Agricultural Research Services, Inc. Macon, MO, USA; Moller, H., Wearing, A., Perley, C., Rosin, C., Blackwell, G., Campbell, H., Hunt, L., Biodiversity on kiwifruit orchards: The importance of shelterbelts (2007) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on, , Kiwifruit, Rotorua; Driftstop, , http://www.nufarm.com/assets/37041/1/DriftStopBrochure.pdf, Nufarm n.d; Peterson, J., Wolf, T., Mazurek, K., Caldwell, B., The movement of spray drift near a live shelterbelt (2008) Soils & Crops Conference, , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, February 28-29, 2008; Raupach, M.R., Leys, J.F., Woods, N., Dorr, G., Cleugh, H.A., (2000) Modelling the Effects of Riparian Vegetation on Spray Drift and Dust: The Role of Local Protection, , http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/technical2000/tr29-00.pdf, Technical Report 29/00. CSIRO, Canberra, Australia; Schep, L., Temple, W., Beasley, M., The evaluation of hydrogen cyanamide-related inquiries to the New Zealand National Poisons Centre between 1990 and 2006 (2007) Clinical Toxicology, 45, p. 360; Schep, L., Temple, W., Beasley, M., The adverse effects of hydrogen cyanamide on human health: An evaluation of inquiries to the New Zealand National Poisons Centre (2009) Clinical Toxicology, 47, pp. 58-60; Zhu, H., Reichard, D.L., Fox, R.D., Brazee, R.D., Ozkan, H.E., Collection efficiency of spray droplets on vertical targets (1996) Transactions of the ASABE, 39, pp. 415-422 PY - 2018 SP - 19-24 ST - Drift measurements for two systems of hydrogen cyanamide spraying in kiwifruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Drift measurements for two systems of hydrogen cyanamide spraying in kiwifruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051631861&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.186&partnerID=40&md5=4c8264cb1ee9012e41eeff555573fcb0 VL - 71 ID - 1145 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Protected cropping can increase orchard productivity; however, enclosed environments can be disruptive to pollinators. Bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) forage under covers, but industries lack guidelines for using them as pollinators. Here, conservative stocking rates for bumble bees in covered kiwifruit orchards were identified using empirical manipulation of bee density and theoretical calculations based on bee behaviour. Bumble bee pollination at two bee densities (24 and 72 colonies/ha) was assessed within two fully netted sections (1/25 ha each) in a Gold3 kiwifruit orchard. Predictive modelling was used to estimate total bees required for pollination while actual pollination in the two blocks was measured directly. There was no difference in flower visitation rate between stocking densities, but a 20% increase in seed set was found at high bee density. It was estimated that 90% of a Gold3 crop could be pollinated by 914 foraging bees/ha, or between 22 and 48 colonies/ha at the strengths used in this study. Bumble bees are effective pollinators in protected cropping environments and provide a viable tool for managed pollination under nets. A theoretical approach to refining stocking rates is a good option when manipulating pollinator densities is not possible. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research (PFR) Australia, C/o Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, 4001, Australia Agrocampus Ouest, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, Rennes, 35000, France New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Bisley Road, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research, Crosses Rd, Parkvale, Havelock North, 4172, New Zealand Nelson Pomeroy Ltd., 1010 Outram Road, Hastings, 4122, New Zealand AU - Cutting, B. T. AU - Evans, L. J. AU - Paugam, L. I. AU - McBrydie, H. M. AU - Jesson, L. K. AU - Pomeroy, N. AU - Janke, M. AU - Jacob, M. AU - Pattemore, D. E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.178 KW - Bumble bee Crop covers Gold3 Hail netting Kiwifruit Pollination Protected cropping Stocking rate M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Cutting, B.T.; New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research (PFR) Australia, C/o Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Australia; email: brian.cutting@plantandfood.co.nz References: Alexander, M.P., A versatile stain for pollen, fungi, yeast, and bacteria (1980) Stain Technology, 55, pp. 13-18; Castilla, N., Current situation and future prospects of protected crops in the Mediterranean region (2002) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mediterranean Horticulture: Issues and Prospects, pp. 135-147; Cook, R., Calvin, L., (2005) Greenhouse Tomatoes Change the Dynamics of the North American Fresh Tomato Industry, p. 86. , https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45477, Economic Research Report No. ERR-2. United States Department of Agriculture; Dag, A., Bee pollination of crop plants under environmental conditions unique to enclosures (2008) Journal of Apicultural Research, 47, pp. 162-165; Evans, E., From humble bee to greenhouse pollination workhorse: Can we mitigate risks for bumble bees? (2017) Bee World, 94, pp. 34-41; Hanan, J.J., Holly, W.D., Goldsberry, K.L., (1978) Greenhouse Management, , Springer Berlin; Howlett, B.G., Read, S.F.J., Jesson, L.K., Benoist, A., Evans, L.E., De, P., Diurnal insect visitation patterns to 'Hayward' kiwifruit flowers in New Zealand (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 52-57; Howlett, B.G., Evans, L.J., De, P., Nelson, W.R., Stigmatic pollen delivery by flies and bees: Methods comparing multiple species within a pollinator community (2017) Basic and Applied Ecology, 19, pp. 19-25; Jones, J.B., (2007) Tomato Plant Culture: In the Field, Greenhouse, and Home Garden, p. 216. , CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida; Pomeroy, N., Fisher, R.M., Pollination of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) by bumble bees (Bombus terrestris): Effects of bee density and patterns of flower visitation (2012) New Zealand Entomologist, 25 (1), pp. 41-49; Pomeroy, N., Stoklosinski, S.R., Measuring the foraging strength of bumble bee colonies (1990) Proceedings of the XIth Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects, pp. 252-253. , In: Shriva P ed. Bangalore, India; Reddy, P.P., (2016) Sustainable Crop Protection under Protected Cultivation, p. 434. , Springer, Singapore PY - 2018 SP - 214-220 ST - Managed bumble bees are viable as pollinators in netted kiwifruit orchards T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Managed bumble bees are viable as pollinators in netted kiwifruit orchards UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051673165&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.178&partnerID=40&md5=c206b4db3b399a871e86b6e4a48275ea VL - 71 ID - 1156 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Tospovirus Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), transmitted by thrips (predominantly thrips tabaci), was first recorded in New Zealand in 2007. In March 2015, symptoms of the virus were relatively widespread in an organically managed onion crop in Canterbury. Onion plants were sampled for the presence of T. tabaci adults and larvae and for IYSV symptoms on an organically managed farm in Canterbury in 2014-2015, 2015-16 and 2016-17, and on a similar farm in Hawke's Bay in 2014-2015 and 2015-16. An immunoassay was used to confirm the presence of IYSV in some symptomatic plants. In Canterbury, IYSV symptoms were less apparent in 2015-16 and no symptoms were observed in 2016-17. No IYSV symptoms were observed in the Hawke's Bay onion crop, despite relatively high T. tabaci numbers. The virus symptoms declined from when they were first observed in March 2015 to undetectable levels in 2016-17 in Canterbury, which may be attributed to crop location, fewer thrips and the absence of a disease reservoir in volunteer Allium cepa plants or other hosts. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand AU - Davidson, M. M. AU - Nielsen, M. C. AU - Fletcher, J. D. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.116 KW - Allium Bunyaviridae IYSV Onion thrips Thrips tabaci Tospovirus Viruliferous M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Davidson, M.M.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, New Zealand; email: melanie.davidson@plantandfood.co.nz References: (2018) AsureQuality Organic Standard, p. 120. , https://www.asurequality.com/assets/Organic-Files/organics-standard-2015-FULL-V6-Feb16, AsureQuality, AsureQuality; Pdf Bag, S., Schwartz, H.F., Cramer, C.S., Havey, M.J., Pappu, H.R., Iris yellow spot virus (Tospovirus: Bunyaviridae): From obscurity to research priority (2015) Molecular Plant Pathology, 16, pp. 224-237; Gent, D.H., Schwartz, H.F., Khosla, R., Distribution and incidence of Iris yellow spot virus in Colorado and its relation to onion plant population and yield (2004) Plant Disease, 88, pp. 446-452; Gent, D.H., Du Toit, L.J., Fichtner, S.F., Mohan, S.K., Pappu, H.R., Schwartz, H.F., Iris yellow spot virus: An emerging threat to onion bulb and seed production (2006) Plant Disease, 90, pp. 1468-1480; Jj, J., Noh, H.J.J., A review of detection methods for the plant viruses (2014) Research in Plant Disease, 20, pp. 173-181; Larentzaki, E., Shelton, A.M., Musser, F.R., Nault, B.A., Plate, J., Overwintering locations and hosts for onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the onion cropping ecosystem in New York (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100, pp. 1194-1200; Martin, N.A., Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), overwintering in South Auckland, New Zealand: The importance of the local bionomic data/temperature model and biosecurity implications (2015) New Zealand Entomologist, 38, pp. 17-27; Moritz, G., Kumm, S., Mound, L.A., Tospovirus transmission depends on thrips ontogeny (2004) Virus Research, 100, pp. 143-149; Nielsen, M.C., Fletcher, C.D., Teulon, D.A.J., Monitoring thrips flight with 7.5 metre high suction traps (Poster abstract) (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, p. 339; Popay, I., Champion, P., James, T., (2010) An Illustrated Guide to Common Weeds of New Zealand. 3rd Ed., , Christchurch, New Zealand, New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.); Smith, T.N., Wylie, S.J., Coutts, B.A., Jones, R.A.C., Localized distribution of Iris yellow spot virus within leeks and its reliable large-scale detection (2006) Plant Disease, 90, pp. 729-733; Smith, E.A., Ditommaso, A., Fuchs, M., Shelton, A.M., Nault, B.A., Weed hosts for onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and their potential role in the epidemiology of Iris yellow spot virus in an onion ecosystem (2011) Environmental Entomology, 40, pp. 194-203; Smith, E.A., Fuchs, M., Shields, E.J., Nault, B.A., Long-distance dispersal potential for onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Iris yellow spot virus (Bunyaviridae: Tospovirus) in an onion ecosystem (2015) Environmental Entomology, 44, pp. 921-930; Srinivasan, R., Sundaraj, S., Pappu, H.R., Diffie, S., Riley, D.G., Gitaitis, R.D., Transmission of Iris yellow spot virus by Frankliniella fusca and Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (2012) Journal of Economic Entomology, 105, pp. 40-47; Ward, L.I., Perez-Egusquiza, Z., Fletcher, J.D., Ochoa Corona, F.M., Tang, J.Z., Liefting, L.W., Martin, E.J., Clover, G.R.G., First report of Iris yellow spot virus on Allium cepa in New Zealand (2009) Plant Pathology, 58, p. 406 PY - 2018 SP - 39-44 ST - Potential factors contributing to the decline of Iris Yellow Spot Virus in organically grown onion crops in Canterbury and Hawke's Bay over three years T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Potential factors contributing to the decline of Iris Yellow Spot Virus in organically grown onion crops in Canterbury and Hawke's Bay over three years UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051663722&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.116&partnerID=40&md5=e039fa27b00ad9a3fed21e22afb0c236 VL - 71 ID - 1126 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The presence of Setaria pumila in dairy pastures lowers feed quality and may cause grazing avoidance. More information is required about the germination biology of this weed to improve the effectiveness of control strategies. Base temperature and germination profile were determined on a thermo-gradient table. For emergence depth, seeds were buried at 0-50 mm and time to emerge recorded. Seed persistence was tracked at seven field sites over 5 years and in a laboratory-based controlled-ageing test. Base temperature for germination was 10.2°C, germination was most rapid at 30-35°C and most numerous from 20-30°C. Emergence occurred from 2-50 mm depth but mostly from 2-15 mm. The controlledageing test indicated the seed was viable for <3 years. However, some Setaria pumila seed continued to germinate after 5 years of burial in all but the clay soil. Farmers should try to prevent this species from seeding for at least 5 years to reduce the seed bank. Soil inversion could promote dormancy and seed persistence. If followed by effective control, cultivation could stimulate germination and further reduce the seed bank. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand AU - Dowsett, C. A. AU - Buddenhagen, C. AU - James, T. K. AU - McGill, C. R. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.154 KW - Germination Seed persistence Setaria pumila Yellow bristle grass M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Dowsett, C.A.; AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, New Zealand; email: Claire.dowsett@agresearch.co.nz References: Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J., (2001) Seeds Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination, , London, Academic Press; Bradford, K.J., Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy (2002) Weed Science, 50 (2), pp. 248-260; Cardina, J., Herms, C.P., Doohan, D.J., Crop rotation and tillage system effects on weed seedbanks (2002) Weed Science, 50 (4), pp. 448-460; Chauhan, B.S., De, J., (2010) The Role of Seed Ecology in Improving Weed Management Strategies in the Tropics. Advances in Agronomy, pp. 221-262. , Metro Manila, Philippines, Elsevier Inc; Coolbear, P., Francis, A., Grierson, D., The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment on the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds (1984) Journal of Experimental Botany, 35, pp. 1609-1617; Csontos, P., Kalapos, T., More lightweight and isodiametric seeds for C4 than for C3 grasses are associated with preference for open habitats of C4 grasses in a temperate flora (2013) Grass and Forage Science, 68 (3), pp. 408-417; Dekker, J., The foxtail (Setaria) speciesgroup (2003) Weed Science, 51 (5), pp. 641-656; Dowsett, C., James, T., Trivedi, P., Adaption of a technique for the accelerated ageing of weed seeds to evaluate their longevity (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 69-73; Dowsett, C.A., James, T.K., Seed longevity of cropping weeds in soils (2012) Agronomy New Zealand, 42, pp. 163-170; Forcella, F., Colbach, N., Kegode, G.O., Estimating seed production of three Setaria species in row crops (2000) Weed Science, 48 (4), pp. 436-444; (2003) ISTA Handbook on Seedling Evaluation, , ISTA. Bassersdorf, CH-Switzerland, International Seed Testing Association; (2015) International Rules for Seed Testing, , ISTA. CH-8303 Bassersdorf Switzerland, ISTA Secretariat; James, T.K., (2011) Yellow Bristle Grass - The Ute Guide 3rd Edition, , MPI ed. Wellington. New Zealand; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trivedi, P., Germination of seed from five broadleaf weeds after burial for up to 28 years in two soils (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 84-89; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Webster, T., Waller, J., Emergence of weeds as affected by vertical seed distribution in arable soils (2002) New Zealand Plant Protection, 55, pp. 213-217; James, T.K., Rahman, A., McGill, C.R., Trivedi, P.D., Biology and survival of broom corn millet (Panicum miliaceum) seed (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 142-148; James, T.K., Rahman, A., Trolove, M.R., Dowsett, C.A., Seed germination characteristics and control options for Noogoora bur (Xanthium strumarium) in commercial maize production (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 270-277; Long, R.L., Panetta, F.D., Steadman, K.J., Seed persistence in the field maybe predicted by laboratory controlled ageing (2008) Weed Science, 56, pp. 523-528; Masin, R., Zuin, M.C., Otto, S., Zanin, G., Seed longevity and dormancy of four summer annual grass weeds in turf (2006) Weed Research, 46, pp. 362-370; Moeys, J., Soiltexture: Functions for Soil Texture Plot, Classification and Transformation (2018) R Package Version 1.4.5, , https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=soiltexture; Newton, R., Hay, F., Probert, R., (2009) Protocol for Comparative Seed Longevity Testing, , http://www.kew.org/sites/default/files/1-ppcont-014163-Protocol%20for%20comparative%20seed%20longevity%20testing-0.pdf; (1981) Mean 10 Cm Earth Temperature (°C), , https://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/earthtemp, NIWA, updated 04.04.2018; Ogg, A.G., Dawson, J.H., Time of emergence of eight weed species (1984) Weed Science, 32 (3), pp. 327-335; Qi, M.Q., Redmann, R.E., Seed germination and seedling survival of C3 and C4 grasses under water stress (1993) Journal of Arid Environments, 24 (3), pp. 277-285; Ritz, C., Streibig, J.C., Bioassay analysis using R (2005) Journal of Statistical Software, 12, pp. 1-22; Ritz, C., Pipper, C.B., Streibig, J.C., Analysis of germination data from agricultural experiments (2013) European Journal of Agronomy, 45, pp. 1-6; Ritz, C., Baty, F., Streibig, J.C., Gerhard, D., Dose-response analysis using R (2015) PloS One, 10, p. e0146021; Satyanti, A., Nicotra, A.B., Merkling, T., Guja, L.K., Seed mass and elevation explain variation in seed longevity of Australian alpine species (2018) Seed Science Research, pp. 1-13; Scherner, A., Melander, B., Kudsk, P., Vertical distribution and composition of weed seeds within the plough layer after eleven years of contrasting crop rotation and tillage schemes (2016) Soil and Tillage Research, 161, pp. 135-142; Tozer, K.N., James, T.K., Cameron, C.A., Botanical and management factors associated with Setaria pumila abundance: Implications for pasture management (2008) New Zealand Plant Protection, 61, pp. 121-126; Tozer, K.N., James, T.K., Rahman, A., Yellow bristle grass; A recent weed incursion in Waikato dairy pastures (2009) New Zealand Grassland Association, 71, pp. 39-42; Villiers, T., Seed aging: Chromosome stability and extended viability of seeds stored fully imbided (1974) Plant Physiology, 53 (6), pp. 875-878; Zhang, H., Yu, Q., Huang, Y., Zheng, W., Tian, Y., Song, Y., Li, G., Zhou, D., Germination shifts of C3 and C4 species under simulated global warming scenario (2014) PLoS ONE, 9 (8), p. e105139 PY - 2018 SP - 72-80 ST - Yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) germination biology T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) germination biology UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051656310&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.154&partnerID=40&md5=e9c0e15f4015e6f14d3de90c89fcfe95 VL - 71 ID - 1132 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The avocado industry was established in New Zealand from several importations dating back to 1907. Several serious pathogens found elsewhere in the world were not imported. A literature review and internet search were conducted to determine what serious avocado pathogens are not present in New Zealand and the potential impact they could have if they established. Relevant information was summarised for six pathogens determined to be the most serious of avocado and not known to be present in New Zealand: Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd); Pseudocercospora purpurea (cercospora spot); Raffaelea lauricola (laurel wilt); Fusarium sp. (fusarium dieback); Phellinus noxius (brown root rot); and Sphaceloma perseae (avocado scab). Laurel wilt, brown root rot, cercospora spot and fusarium dieback could become established in New Zealand if the climate here becomes warmer but establishment of ASBVd and avocado scab (which are not restricted to hot climates) is more likely. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Mt Albert, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand New Zealand Avocado, PO Box 13267, Tauranga, 3141, New Zealand AU - Everett, K. R. AU - Siebert, B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.140 KW - Avocado sunblotch viroid Brown root rot Euwallacea sp. Fusarium sp. Pseudocercospora purpurea Raaelea lauricola Redbay ambrosia beetle Sphaceloma perseae Xyleborus glabratus M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Everett, K.R.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Mt Albert, New Zealand; email: Kerry.Everett@plantandfood.co.nz References: Aitken, A.G., Warrington, I.J., (2017) FreshFacts, p. 42. , www.freshfacts.co.nz, New Zealand Horticulture. Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; (2000) Nga Tipu O Aotearoa -New Zealand Plant Names Database, , http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz/, Allan Herbarium (accessed 7 February 2018); Ann, P.J., Chang, T.T., Ko, W.H., Phellinus noxius brown root rot of fruit and ornamental trees in Taiwan (2002) Plant Disease, 86, pp. 820-826; Ann, P.J., Lee, H.L., Huang, T.C., Brown root rot of 10 species of fruit trees caused by Phellinus noxius in Taiwan (1999) Plant Disease, 83, pp. 746-750; Costa Rico bans Mexican, Guatamalen avocados (2015) The Packer, , https://www.thepacker.com/article/costarica-bans-mexican-guatemalan-avocados, Anonymous. July 27; (2018) AvoGreen Manual. Version 6.3, p. 33. , www.nzavocado.co.nz, Anonymous, February 2018; Avila-Quezada, G.D., Teliz-Ortiz, D., Mora-Aguilera, G., Vaquera-Huerta, H., Tijerina-Chavez, L., Spatial and temporal dynamic of scab (Sphaceloma perseae Jenk.) on avocado (Persea americana Mill.) (2003) Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia, 21, pp. 152-160; Bates, C.A., Fraedrich, S.W., Harrington, T.C., Cameron, R.S., Menard, R.D., Best, G.S., First report of laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, on sassafras (Sassafras albidum) in Alabama (2013) Plant Disease, 97, p. 688; Boesewinkel, H.J., A list of 142 new plant disease recordings from New Zealand and short notes on three diseases (1982) Australasian Plant Pathology, 11, pp. 40-43; Brien, R.M., A list of plant disease recorded in New Zealand (1939) Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 67, p. 39; (2014) Phellinus Noxius, , www.cabi.org/cpc, CABI. Crop Protection Compendium. CAB International. Wallingford, UK; (2014) Avocado Sunblotch Viroid, , www.cabi.org/cpc, CABI, CAB International. Wallingford, UK; (2014) Raffaelea Lauricola, , www.cabi.org/cpc, CABI, Crop Protection Compendium. CAB International. Wallingford, UK; (2014) Pseudocercospora Purpurea (Spot Blotch), , www.cabi.org/cpc, CABI, Crop Protection Compendium. CAB International, Wallingford, UK; Chupp, C., (1954) A Monograph of the Fungus Genus Cercospora, , published by the author, Ithaca, New York; Crous, P.W., Braun, U., (2003) Mycosphaerella and Its Anamorphs. 1. Names Published in Cercospora and Passalora: Mycosphaerella and Its Anamorphs, p. 571. , CBS Biodiversity Series No. 1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Da Graca, J.V., Van Vuuren, S.P., Transmission of avocado sunblotch disease to cinnamon (1980) Plant Disease, 64, p. 475; Da Graca, J.V., Van Vuuren, S.P., Host range studies on avocado sunblotch (1981) South African Avocado Growers' Association Yearbook, 4, p. 80; Da Graca, J.V., Van Vuuren, S.P., Use of high temperature to increase the rate of avocado sunblotch symptom development in indicator seedlings (1981) Plant Disease, 65, pp. 46-47; Da Graca, J.V., Mason, T.E., Antel, H.J., Effect of avocado sunblotch disease on fruit yield (1983) South African Avocado Growers' Association Yearbook, 6, pp. 86-87; Dann, E., Smith, L., Pegg, K., Grose, M., Pegg, G., Report on Phellinus noxius, the cause of brown rot, in Australian avocados (2009) Talking Avocados, 20, pp. 28-34; Dann, E.K., Ploetz, R.C., Coates, L.M., Pegg, K.G., Foliar, fruit and soilborne diseases (2013) The Avocado: Botany, Production and Uses, pp. 380-422. , In: Whiley AW, Schaffer B, Wolstenholme BN, Albert VA, Aluja M eds. CABI, Wallingford; Darvas, J., (1982) Etiology and Control of Some Avocado Fruit Diseases, p. 136. , DSc (Agric) thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Darvas, J.M., Kotze, J.M., Avocado fruit diseases and their control in South Africa (1987) Yearbook, South African Avocado Growers' Association, 10, pp. 117-119; Desjardins, P.R., Drake, R.J., Atkins, E.L., Bergh, B.O., Pollen transmission of avocado sunblotch virus experimentally demonstrated (1979) California Agriculture, 33, pp. 14-15; Desjardins, P.R., Drake, R.J., Sasaki, P.J., Atkins, E.L., Bergh, B.O., Pollen transmission of avocado sunblotch viroid and the fate of the pollen recipient tree (1984) Phytopathology, 74, p. 845; Desjardins, P.R., Saski, P.J., Drake, R.J., Chemical inactivation of avocado sunblotch viroid on pruning and propagation tools (1987) California Avocado Society Yearbook, 71, pp. 259-262; Dodge, C., Coolidge, J., Cooperband, M., Cosse, A., Carrillo, D., Stouthamer, R., Quercivorol as a lure for the polyphagous and Kuroshio shot hole borers, Euwallacea spp. nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), vectors of Fusarium dieback (2017) Peerj, 5; (2016) Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVDO), , https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ASBVD0/distribution, EPPO (accessed 17 April 2018); Eskalen, A., Gonzalez, A., Wang, D.H., Twizeyimana, M., Mayorquin, J.S., Lynch, S.C., First report of a Fusarium sp. and its vector Tea Shot Hole Borer (Euwallacea fornicatus) causing Fusarium dieback on avocado in California (2012) Plant Disease, 96, p. 1070; Eskalen, A., Stouthamer, R., Lynch, S.C., Rugman-Jones, P.F., Twizeyimana, M., Gonzalez, A., Thibault, T., Host range of fusarium dieback and its ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) vector in Southern California (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 938-951; Evans, E.A., Crane, J., Hodges, A., Osborne, J.L., Potential economic impact of laurel wilt disease on the Florida avocado industry (2010) HortTechnology, 20, pp. 23-238; Everett, K.R., Stevens, P.S., Cutting, J.G.M., Postharvest fruit rots of avocado are reduced by benomyl applications during flowering (1999) Proceedings / New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 52, pp. 153-156; Everett, K.R., Rees-George, J., Parkes, S.L., Johnston, P.R., Predicting avocado fruit rots by quantifying inoculum potential in the orchard before harvest (2003) Proceedings V World Avocado Congress (Actas V Congreso Mundial Del Aguacate), pp. 601-606; Everett, K.R., Rees-George, J., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Manning, M.A., Fullerton, R.A., Molecular identification of Sphaceloma perseae (Avocado Scab) and its absence in New Zealand (2011) Journal of Phytopathology, 159, pp. 106-113; Fletcher, W.A., Avocado growing in New Zealand (1976) Orchardist of New Zealand, 49, pp. 220-228; Formby, J.P., (2014) Potential Range of Ambrosia Beetle Based on Temperature Range, , http://www.dontmovefirewood.org/potentialrange-ambrosia-beetle-based-temperaturerange.html, (accessed 10 February 2018); Fraedrich, S.W., Harrington, T.C., Rabaglia, R.J., Ulyshen, M.D., Mayfield, I.I.I.A.E., Hanula, J.L., Eickwort, J.M., Miller, D.R., A fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle causes a lethal wilt in redbay and other Lauraceae in the southeastern United States (2008) Plant Disease, 92, pp. 215-224; Fraedrich, S.W., Harrington, T.C., Bates, C.A., Johnson, J., Reid, L.S., Best, G.S., Leininger, T.D., Hawkins, T.S., Susceptibility to laurel wilt and disease incidence in two rare plant species, pondberry and pondspice (2011) Plant Disease, 95, pp. 1056-1062; Freeman, S., Protasov, A., Sharon, M., Mohotti, K., Eliyahu, M., Okon-Levy, N., Maymon, M., Mendel, Z., Obligate feed requirement of Fusarium sp. nov., an avocado wilting agent, by the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea aff. fornicata (2012) Symbiosis, 58, pp. 245-251; Freeman, S., Protasov, A., Wysoki, M., Yehuda, B., Noi, M., Rabaglia, R., O'Donnell, K., Mendel, Z., A pernicious agent affecting avocado in Israel: A novel symbiotic Fusarium sp. associated with the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus (2012) Phytoparasitica, 40, p. 258; Freeman, S., Sharon, M., Maymon, M., Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., Aoki, T., Eskalen, A., O'Donnell, K., Fusarium euwallaceae sp. nov. - A symbiotic fungus of Euwallacea sp. , an invasive ambrosia beetle in Israel and California (2013) Mycologia, 105, pp. 1595-1606; Green, G.A., Notes on the avocado in New Zealand (1927) California Avocado Association Yearbook, 12, pp. 39-40; Harrington, T.C., Yun, H.Y., Lu, S., Goto, H., Aghayeva, D.N., Fraedrich, S.W., Isolations from the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, confirm that the laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, originated in Asia (2011) Mycologia, 103, pp. 1028-1036; Hartill, W.F.T., Post-harvest rots of avocado in New Zealand (1987) Australian Microbiologist, 8, p. 154; Hartill, W.F.T., Postharvest diseases of avocado fruits in New Zealand (1991) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 19, pp. 297-304; Hartill, W.F.T., Sale, P.R., Sawden, D., Postharvest rots of avocados and their control (1991) Proceedings of the 44th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 232-236; Hartill, W.F.T., Everett, K.R., Inoculum sources and infection pathways of pathogens causing stem-end rots of 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana) (2002) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30, pp. 249-260; Helson, G.A.H., Importation of nursery stock (1966) An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, , http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/1966/quarantine-regulations-plants/page-3, In McLintock AH ed (accessed 14 April 2018); Homsky, S., The avocado industry in Israelan overview (1995) Alon Hanotea, 49, pp. 479-488; (2018) MetWatch, , http://hortplus.metwatch.co.nz/, HortPlus (accessed 10 April 2018); Hughes, M., Smith, J.A., Mayfield, I.I.I.A.E., Minno, M.C., Shin, K., First report of laurel wilt disease caused by Raffaelea lauricola on pondspice in Florida (2011) Plant Disease, 95, p. 1588; Hughes, M.A., Shin, K., Eickwort, J., Smith, J.A., First report of laurel wilt disease caused by Raffaelea lauricola on silk bay in Florida (2012) Plant Disease, 96, pp. 910-911; Jenkins, A.E., Sphaceloma perseae the cause of avocado scab (1934) Journal of Agricultural Research, 49, pp. 859-869; Kasson, M.T., O'Donnell, K., Rooney, A.P., Sink, S., Ploetz, R.C., Ploetz, J.N., Konkol, J.L., Geiser, D.M., An inordinate fondness for Fusarium: Phylogenetic diversity of fusaria cultivated by ambrosia beetles in the genus Euwallacea on avocado and other plant hosts (2013) Fungal Genetics and Biology, 56, pp. 147-157; Kendra, P.E., Montgomery, W.S., Niogret, J., Epsky, N.D., An uncertain future for American Lauraceae: A lethal threat from redbay ambrosia beetle and laurel wilt disease (a review) (2013) American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4, pp. 727-738; Koch, F.H., Smith, W.D., Spatio-temporal analysis of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Circulionidae: Scolytinae) invasion in Eastern U.S. forests (2008) Environmental Entomology, 37, pp. 442-452; Lynch, S.C., Twizeyimana, M., Mayorquin, J.S., Wang, D.H., Na, F., Kayim, M., Kasson, M.T., Eskalen, A., Identification, pathogenicity and abundance of Paracremonium pembeum sp nov and Graphium euwallaceae sp nov.-two newly discovered mycangial associates of the polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. ) in California (2016) Mycologia, 108, pp. 313-329; (2014) New Zealand Standard: 152.02: Importation and Clearance of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables into New Zealand, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/imports/plants/standards/152-02.htm, 7 January 2014 (accessed 3 February 2018); Marroquin-Pimentel, F., (1998) Factores Que Favorecen la Incidencia de Rona Sphaceloma Perseae Jenk. en El Cultivo Del Aguacate Persea Americana Mill. Variedad 'Hass', en Tres Regiones Agrocliaticas de Michoacan, Mexico, p. 56. , Thesis, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Mexico; Marroquin-Pimentel, F., Factores que favorecen la incidencia de rona (Sphaceloma perseae Jenk.) en el cultivo del aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) 'Hass', en tres regiones agroclimaticas de Michoacan, Mexico (1999) Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura Mexico, 5, pp. 309-312; Marroquin-Pimentel, F., La Rona del Aguacate (2000) El Agucate y Su Manejo Integrado, pp. 146-148. , In: Teliz-Ortiz D ed. Editorial Mundi Prensa, Mexico; Mayfield, I.I.I.A.E., Smith, J.A., Hughes, M., Dreaden, T.J., First report of laurel wilt disease caused by a Raffaelea sp. on avocado in Florida (2008) Plant Disease, 92, p. 976; Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., Sharon, M., Zveibil, A., Yehuda, S.B., O'Donnell, K., Rabaglia, R., Freeman, S., An Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus and its novel symbiotic fungus Fusarium sp. pose a serious threat to the Israeli avocado industry (2012) Phytoparasitica, 40, pp. 235-238; Mendel, Z., Protasov, A., Maoz, Y., Maymon, M., Miller, G., Elazar, M., Freeman, S., The role of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in the wilt syndrome of avocado trees in Israel (2017) Phytoparasitica, 45, pp. 341-359; Minchin, P.E.H., Thorp, T.G., Boldingh, H.L., Gould, N., Cooney, J.M., Negm, F.B., Focht, E., Brown, P., A possible mechanism for phloem transport of boron in 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees (2015) The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 87, pp. 123-128; (2014) Import Health Standard: 155.02.06: Importation of Nursery Stock, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/imports/plants/standards/155-02-06.htm, MPI, 27 January 2014 (accessed 3 February 2018); (2018) Import Health Standard: 155.02.05: Seeds for Sowing, , http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/imports/plants/standards/155-02-05.htm, MP, 22 February 2018 (accessed 10 April 2018); Na, F., Carrillo, J.D., Mayorquin, J.S., Ndinga-Muniania, C., Stajich, J.E., Stouthamer, R., Huang, Y.T., Eskalen, A., Two novel fungal symbionts Fusarium kuroshium sp nov and Graphium kuroshium sp nov of Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer (Euwallacea sp nr. fornicatus) cause Fusarium dieback on woody host species in California (2018) Plant Disease, 102 (6), pp. 1154-1164; O'Donnell, K., Sink, S., Libeskind-Hadas, R., Hulcr, J., Kasson, M.T., Ploetz, R.C., Konkol, J.L., Rooney, A.P., Discordant phylogenies suggest repeated host shifts in the Fusarium-Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualism (2015) Fungal Genetics and Biology, 82, pp. 277-290; O'Donnell, K., Libeskind-Hadas, R., Hulcr, J., Bateman, C., Kasson, M.T., Ploetz, R.C., Konkol, J.L., Rooney, A.P., Invasive Asian Fusarium - Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualists pose a serious threat to forests, urban landscapes and the avocado industry (2016) Phytoparasitica, 44 (4), pp. 435-442; Paap, T., De Beer, Z.W., Migliorini, D., Nel, W.J., Wingfield, M.J., The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) and its fungal symbiont Fusarium euwallaceae: A new invasion in South Africa (2018) Australasian Plant Pathology, 47, pp. 231-237; Palmateer, A., Description of disease: Avocado scab (2006) Avocado Technical Assistance Curriculum, p. 77; Pegg, K., Coates, L., Korsten, L., Harding, R., Foliar, Fruit and Soilborne Diseases (2002) The Avocado. Botany, Production and Uses, pp. 299-338. , In: Whiley A, Schaffer B, Wolstenholme B eds. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK; New York; Pena, J.E., Carrillo, D., Duncan, R.E., Capinera, J.L., Brar, G., McLean, S., Arpaia, M.L., Kendra, P.E., Susceptibility of Persea spp. and other Lauraceae to attack by redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (2012) Florida Entomologist, 95, pp. 783-787; Perez, M.R.V., Ortiz, D.T., Almaraz, R.D., Martinez, J.O.L., Angel, D.N., Avocado sunblotch viroid: Pest risk and potential impact in Mexico (2017) Crop Protection, 99, pp. 118-127; Pernezny, K., Marlatt, R., Diseases of avocado in Florida (2007) Bulletin Florida Cooperative Extension Service, 21, p. 3; Peterson, R., Grice, K., Cercospora spot of avocado (1992) Proceedings of the Australian Avocado Growers' Federation Conference; Ploetz, R.C., Perez-Martinez, J.M., Smith, J.A., Hughes, M., Dreaden, T.J., Inch, S.A., Fu, Y., Responses of avocado to laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola (2012) Plant Pathology, 61, pp. 801-808; Ploetz, R.C., Konkol, J., First report of gulf licaria, Licaria trianda, as a suscept of laurel wilt (2013) Plant Disease, 97, pp. 1248-1249; Pugh, K., Thomson, V., Protecting our avocados (2009) Biosecurity, 93, pp. 16-17; Rabaglia, R.J., Dole, S.A., Cognat, A.I., Review of American Xyleborina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae : Scolytinae) occurring North of Mexico, with an illustrated key (2006) Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99, pp. 1034-1056; Saucedo-Carabez, J.R., Teliz-Ortiz, D., Ochoa-Ascencio, S., Ochoa-Martinez, D., Vallejo-Perez, M.R., Beltran-Pena, H., Effect of Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) on avocado yield in Michoacan, Mexico (2014) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 138 (4), pp. 799-805; Smith, J.A., Mount, L., Mayfield, I.I.I.A.E., Bates, C.A., Lamborn, W.A., Fraedrich, S.W., First report of laurel wilt disease caused by Raffaelea lauricola on camphor in Florida and Georgia (2009) Plant Disease, 93, p. 198; Stouthamer, R., Rugman-Jones, P., Thu, P.Q., Eskalen, A., Thibault, T., Hulcr, J., Wang, L.J., Lin, C.S., Tracing the origin of a cryptic invader: Phylogeography of the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) species complex (2017) Agricultural Forest Entomology, 19, pp. 366-375; Vidales, F., (1996) La Rona Sphaceloma Persea Del Aguacate Persea Americana en Michoacan, 4, p. 16. , NIFAP, Campo Experimental Urapon, CIR Pacifico Centro. Michoocan, Mexico. Folleto Technico; Vidales, F., Alcantar, R., Anguiano, C., (1999) Modelos de Prediccion de Rona (Sphaceloma Persea Jenkins), Del Aguacate (Persea Americana Mill. Cv. Hass) en Michoacan. Informe de Investigacion en Aguacate, p. 14. , INIFAP, Campo Experimental Uruapan, CIR Pacifico Centro, Michoacan, Mexico; Wallace, J.M., Drake, R.J., A high rate of seed transmission of avocado sunblotch virus from symptomless trees and the origin of such trees (1962) Phytopathology, 52, p. 237; White, J., The Avocado Industry in New Zealand (2001) California Avocado Society Yearbook, 85, pp. 77-91; Whiteside, J.O., Biological characteristics of Elsinoe fawcettii pertaining to the epidemiology of sour orange scab (1975) Phytopathology, 65, pp. 1170-1177; Zentmeyer, G., Avocado culture and avocado diseases in Australia and the South Pacific (1965) Californian Avocado Yearbook, 49, pp. 19-26 PY - 2018 SP - 25-38 ST - Exotic plant disease threats to the New Zealand avocado industry and climatic suitability: A review T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Exotic plant disease threats to the New Zealand avocado industry and climatic suitability: A review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051642621&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.140&partnerID=40&md5=8b310198595a2e2319d7cbd9f127681a VL - 71 ID - 1140 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The lack of plant biodiversity in New Zealand pastoral ecosystems may limit the abundance and diversity of generalist parasitoids and predators, predisposing these ecosystems to pest outbreaks. To test this hypothesis, patches of turf were established in existing pasture during spring 2016. Four treatments of increasing plant complexity were established, commencing with ryegrass alone, and increasing exponentially up to eight species of forage plant per patch. In the summer of 2017, insects were collected from the patches and control plots using suction to assess whether or not plant diversity had influenced the abundance and diversity of lacewings and parasitic Hymenoptera aggregating in the patches. Plant species richness had no impact on lacewing abundance but fewer parasitic Hymenoptera were recovered from the ryegrass-only plots compared with more species rich plots. Also, a wider range of parasitoid families were represented in the more diverse plant treatments compared with the less diverse treatments. Such diversity may have beneficial impacts on the stability of pasture ecosystem and the risk of pest outbreaks. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand AU - Gerard, P. J. AU - Wilson, D. J. AU - Docherty, A. L. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.185 KW - Biodiversity Micromus tasmaniae Parasitoid Pasture M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Gerard, P.J.; AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, New Zealand; email: pip.gerard@agresearch.co.nz References: Goldson, S.L., Tomasetto, F., Popay, A.J., Biological control against invasive species in simplified ecosystems: Its triumphs and emerging threats (2014) Current Opinion in Insect Science, 5, pp. 50-56; Gomez, J.E., Lohmiller, J., Joern, A., Importance of vegetation structure to the assembly of an aerial web-building spider community in North American open grassland (2016) Journal of Arachnology, 44, pp. 28-35; Haddad, N.M., Crutsinger, G.M., Gross, K., Haarstad, J., Knops, J.M.H., Tilman, D., Plant species loss decreases arthropod diversity and shifts trophic structure (2009) Ecology Letters, 12, pp. 1029-1039; Jacometti, M., Jorgensen, N., Wratten, S., Enhancing biological control by an omnivorous lacewing: Floral resources reduce aphid numbers at low aphid densities (2010) Biological Control, 55, pp. 159-165; Kennedy, T.A., Naeem, S., Howe, K.M., Knops, J.M.H., Tilman, D., Reich, P., Biodiversity as a barrier to ecological invasion (2002) Nature, 417, pp. 636-638; Leathwick, D.M., (1989) Applied Ecology of the Tasman Lacewing Micromus Tasmaniae Walker (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae), p. 129. , Ph.D. thesis, Lincoln University, Canterbury; Moller, H., MacLeod, C.J., Haggerty, J., Rosin, C., Blackwell, G., Perley, C., Meadows, S., Gradwohl, M., Intensification of New Zealand agriculture: Implications for biodiversity (2008) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 51, pp. 253-263; Muller, C.B., Harri, S.A., Boreux, V., Krauss, J., Grass cultivar diversity and endophyte infection affect abundance of herbivores and their natural enemies (2007) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses, pp. 321-324; Murdoch, W.W., Diversity, complexity, stability and pest control (1975) Journal of Applied Ecology, 12, pp. 795-806; Nitschke, N., Allan, E., Zwolfer, H., Wagner, L., Creutzburg, S., Baur, H., Schmidt, S., Weisser, W.W., Plant diversity has contrasting effects on herbivore and parasitoid abundance in Centaurea jacea flower heads (2017) Ecology and Evolution, 7, pp. 9319-9332; Petermann, J.S., Muller, C.B., Weigelt, A., Weisser, W.W., Schmid, B., Effect of plant species loss on aphid-parasitoid communities (2010) Journal of Animal Ecology, 79, pp. 709-720; Tilman, D., Biodiversity: Population versus ecosystem stability (1996) Ecology, 77, pp. 350-363; Tomasetto, F., Tylianakis, J.M., Reale, M., Wratten, S., Goldson, S.L., Intensified agriculture favors evolved resistance to biological control (2017) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114, pp. 3885-3890; Tozer, K.N., Barker, G.M., Cameron, C.A., Wilson, D., Loick, N., Effects of including forage herbs in grass-legume mixtures on persistence of intensively managed pastures sampled across three age categories and five regions (2016) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 59, pp. 250-268; Walker, G.P., MacDonald, F.H., Larsen, N.J., Wallace, A.R., Monitoring Bactericera cockerelli and associated insect populations in potatoes in South Auckland (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 269-275; Weisser, W.W., Roscher, C., Meyer, S.T., Ebeling, A., Luo, G., Allan, E., Besler, H., Eisenhauer, N., Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: Patterns, mechanisms, and open questions (2017) Basic and Applied Ecology, 23, pp. 1-73 PY - 2018 SP - 207-213 ST - Does pasture plant diversity influence abundance and diversity of lacewings and Hymenopteran parasitoids? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Does pasture plant diversity influence abundance and diversity of lacewings and Hymenopteran parasitoids? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051680469&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.185&partnerID=40&md5=bbcde25fc1b1bf4afc1553f161e81ab9 VL - 71 ID - 1151 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Phytophthora agathidicida is an aggressive soil-borne oomycete pathogen that kills New Zealand kauri trees (Agathis australis). When artificially inoculated, P. agathidicida causes lesions on leaves as well as roots, providing a non-invasive method for virulence screening. However, little is known about the extents to which the pathogen varies in virulence and kauri trees vary in disease susceptibility. Three isolates of P. agathidicida grown in culture were inoculated onto detached leaves from six kauri trees. Visible disease lesions were measured and the extent of asymptomatic leaf colonisation determined by culturing. All six trees were susceptible to P. agathidicida, but one showed higher susceptibility than the others. The pathogen also showed variability in virulence among isolates. Asymptomatic colonisation of leaf tissue was also found, suggesting a latent or biotrophic phase for the pathogen. Although further work is needed, the variability of both pathogen virulence and host susceptibility have important implications for management of kauri dieback. Furthermore, asymptomatic colonisation of kauri tissues suggests that P. agathidicida could be present outside of regions with visible disease symptoms. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Ltd.), 49 Sala Street, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand AU - Herewini, E. M. AU - Scott, P. M. AU - Williams, N. M. AU - Bradshaw, R. E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.127 KW - Asymptomatic infection Kauri Kauri dieback Phytophthora M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Bradshaw, R.E.; Bio-Protection Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey UniversityNew Zealand; email: r.e.bradshaw@massey.ac.nz References: Beever, R.E., Waipara, N., Ramsfield, T.D., Dick, M.A., Horner, I.J., (2009) Kauri (Agathis Australis) under Threat from Phytophthora?, , Phytophthoras in Forests and Natural Ecosystems; Fourth Meeting of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Working Party S07.02.09, Monterey, California, USA; Crone, M., (2012) Persistence of Phytophthora Cinnamomi in Nature: Biotrophic Growth and Presence of Stromata, Oospores and Chlamydospores in Annual and Herbaceous Perennial Plant Species, , PhD thesis, Murdoch University; Horner, I.J., Hough, E.G., Pathogenicity of four Phytophthora species on kauri: In vitro and glasshouse trials (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 54-59; Huberli, D., Lutzy, B., Voss, B., Calver, M., Ormsby, M., Garbelotto, M., Susceptibility of New Zealand flora to Phytophthora ramorum and pathogen sporulation potential: An approach based on the precautionary principle (2008) Australasian Plant Pathology, 37, pp. 615-625; Ireland, K.B., Huberli, D., Dell, B., Smith, I.W., Rizzo, D.M., Hardy, G., Potential susceptibility of Australian native plant species to branch dieback and bole canker diseases caused by Phytophthora ramorum (2012) Plant Pathology, 61, pp. 234-246; Jeffers, S., Martin, S., Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Pythium species (1986) Plant Disease, 70, pp. 1038-1043; Tahi, G.M., Kebe, B.I., N'Goran, J.A.K., Sangare, A., Mondeil, F., Cilas, C., Eskes, A.B., Expected selection efficiency for resistance to cacao pod rot (Phytophthora palmivora) comparing leaf disc inoculations with field observations (2006) Euphytica, 149, pp. 35-44; Waipara, N.W., Hill, S., Hill, L.M.W., Hough, E.G., Horner, I.J., Surveillance methods to determine tree health, distribution of kauri dieback disease and associated pathogens (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 235-241; Weir, B.S., Paderes, E.P., Anand, N., Uchida, J.Y., Pennycook, S.R., Bellgard, S.E., Beever, R.E., A taxonomic revision of Phytophthora Clade 5 including two new species, Phytophthora agathidicida and P. cocois (2015) Phytotaxa, 205, pp. 21-38 PY - 2018 SP - 285-288 ST - In vitro assays of Phytophthora agathidicida on kauri leaves suggest variability in pathogen virulence and host response T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - In vitro assays of Phytophthora agathidicida on kauri leaves suggest variability in pathogen virulence and host response UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051642724&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.127&partnerID=40&md5=ef9840ffe087587411fa9e623ebb63dc VL - 71 ID - 1149 ER - TY - JOUR AD - New Zealand Plant Protection Society, New Zealand AU - Herman, T. DB - Scopus M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Herman, T.; New Zealand Plant Protection SocietyNew Zealand PY - 2018 SP - xiii-xiv ST - Foreword T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Foreword UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051683463&partnerID=40&md5=04072910842aa201d70ec592fcfc6a86 VL - 71 ID - 1120 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The folivorous beetle Cassida rubiginosa was introduced to New Zealand to control the weed, Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense). Although Californian thistle is the primary host, many other thistles are accepted hosts. The objective of this study was to test if the beetle can reduce the fitness of marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre). A potted plant experiment was established with four treatments (0, 50, 100, and 200 larvae/plant). Plant growth (width, height, and number of branches) and reproductive performance (number of flowers, seeds, seed weight and percent germination) parameters were measured. No significant differences were found for any of the measured parameters, except percent germination. Higher larval densities (100 and 200) resulted in approximately 10% less germination compared with lower densities (0 and 50). Under these experimental conditions, C. rubiginosa had minimal impact on the performance of marsh thistle. For the beetle to have an impact, it would likely need to attack smaller, non-bolting rosettes, or be combined with additional stressors that might be encountered in a natural field population. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand AU - Hettiarachchi, D. AU - Cripps, M. AU - Jackman, S. AU - Van Koten, C. AU - Sullivan, J. AU - Rostas, M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.145 KW - Alternative host Cirsium Green thistle beetle Seed viability M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Cripps, M.; AgResearch, Lincoln Research CentreNew Zealand; email: mike.cripps@agresearch.co.nz References: Ang, B.N., Kok, L.T., Holtzman, G.I., Wolf, D.D., Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) response to density of Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and plant competition (1995) Biological Control, 5, pp. 31-38; Bacher, S., Schwab, F., Effect of herbivore density, timing of attack and plant community on performance of creeping thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae) (2000) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 10, pp. 343-352; Ballegaard, T.K., Warncke, E., The age distribution of a Cirsium palustre population in a spring area in Jutland, Denmark (1985) Ecography, 8, pp. 59-62; Bourdot, G.W., Fowler, S.V., Edwards, G.R., Kriticos, D.J., Kean, J.M., Rahman, A., Parsons, A.J., Pastoral weeds in New Zealand: Status and potential solutions (2007) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, pp. 139-161; Bourdot, G.W., Leathwick, D.M., Hurrell, G.A., Saville, D.J., Relationship between aerial shoot and root biomass in Californian thistle (1998) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Society, 51, pp. 28-32; Cartwright, B., Kok, L.T., Feeding by Cassida rubiginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the effects of defoliation on growth of musk thistles (1990) Journal of Entomological Science, 25, pp. 538-547; Cripps, M.G., Observations on the thistlefeeding tortoise beetle, Cassida rubiginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2013) The Weta, 45, pp. 5-13; Cripps, M.G., Bourdot, G.W., Fowler, S.V., Sleeper thistles in New Zealand: Status and biocontrol potential (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 99-104; Cripps, M.G., Edwards, G.R., Bourdot, G.W., Saville, D.J., Hinz, H.L., Fowler, S.V., Effects of pasture competition and specialist herbivory on the performance of Cirsium arvense (2010) Biocontrol Science and Technology, 20, pp. 641-656; Cripps, M.G., Gassmann, A., Fowler, S.V., Bourdot, G.W., McClay, A.S., Edwards, G.R., Classical biological control of Cirsium arvense: Lessons from the past (2011) Biological Control, 57, pp. 165-174; Cripps, M.G., Jackman, S.D., Roquet, C., Van Koten, C., Rostas, M., Bourdot, G.W., Susanna, A., Evolution of Specialization of Cassida rubiginosa on Cirsium arvense (Compositae, Cardueae) (2016) Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, p. 1261; Edwards, G.R., Bourdot, G.W., Crawley, M.J., Influence of herbivory, competition and soil fertility on the abundance of Cirsium arvense in acid grassland (2000) Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, pp. 321-334; Falińska, K., Life history variation in Cirsium palustre and its consequences for the population demography in vegetation succession (1997) Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 66, pp. 207-220; Fowler, S.V., Paynter, Q., Hayes, L., Dodd, S., Groeteman, R., Biocontrol of weeds in New Zealand: An overview of nearly 85 years (2010) Seventeenth Australasian Weeds Conference, pp. 211-214. , In: Zydenbos SM ed. Christchurch, New Zealand, New Zealand Plant Protection Society; Hawkes, C.V., Sullivan, J.J., The impact of herbivory on plants in different resource conditions: A meta-analysis (2001) Ecology, 82, pp. 2045-2058; Huarte, R., Benech-Arnold, R., Incubation under fluctuating temperatures reduces mean base water potential for seed germination in several non-cultivated species (2005) Seed Science Research, 15, pp. 89-97; Paynter, Q., Fowler, S.V., Gourlay, A.H., Peterson, P.G., Smith, L.A., Winks, C.J., Relative performance on test and target plants in laboratory tests predicts the risk of nontarget attack in the field for arthropod weed biocontrol agents (2015) Biological Control, 80, pp. 133-142; Pons, T.L., Possible significance of changes in the light requirement of Cirsium palustre seeds after dispersal in ash coppice (1984) Plant, Cell & Environment, 7, pp. 263-268; Schroder, D., The biological control of thistles (1980) Biocontrol News and Information, 1, pp. 9-26; Shea, K., Kelly, D., Estimating biocontrol agent impact with matrix models: Carduus nutans in New Zealand (1998) Ecological Applications, 8, pp. 824-832; Shea, K., Sheppard, A., Woodburn, T., Seasonal life-history models for the integrated management of the invasive weed nodding thistle Carduus nutans in Australia (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, pp. 517-526; Sheppard, A.W., The Interaction between Natural Enemies and Interspecific Plant Competition in the Control of Invasive Pasture Weeds (1996) Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, pp. 47-53; Van Leeuwen, B.H., The role of pollination in the population biology of the monocarpic species Cirsium palustre and Cirsium vulgare (1981) Oecologia, 51, pp. 28-32; Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R., Garnock-Jones, P.J., (1988) Flora of New Zealand, , DSIR, Botany Division, Christchurch, New Zealand; Winston, R., Schwarzlander, M., Hinz, H.L., Day, M., Cock, M., Julien, M., (2014) Biological Control of Weeds: A World Catalogue of Agents and Their Target Weeds, , USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA PY - 2018 SP - 66-71 ST - Impact of the biocontrol beetle, Cassida rubiginosa, on the secondary weed target, marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Impact of the biocontrol beetle, Cassida rubiginosa, on the secondary weed target, marsh thistle (Cirsium palustre) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051657665&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.145&partnerID=40&md5=58c8836e605a8b81870c8131dd68915f VL - 71 ID - 1144 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The pathogenicity of Alternaria spp. on Malus × domestica in New Zealand has not been investigated fully. Alternaria spp. were isolated from necrotic spots on leaves and fruit rots from various apple cultivars. Pathogenicity of 31 Alternaria spp. isolates was tested on excised 'Royal Gala', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Scifresh' leaves (wounded and unwounded) by measuring lesion diameters. Viability of Alternaria spp. grown from infected leaf material was assessed to compare various storage conditions. Alternaria spp. were consistently isolated from the central brown area of leaf lesions but could not be isolated from outside the leading edge or from the purple region surrounding the lesion. All isolates produced lesions on wounded leaves. Most isolates showed some pathogenicity on at least one cultivar, with lesions on unwounded leaves. Lesions on leaf material caused by Alternaria spp. can be stored for at least 11 weeks by freeze-drying or air-drying leaf material and storing at 0.5°C or room temperature. Some New Zealand Alternaria spp. isolates on Malus × domestica are pathogenic on fruit and leaves. Further studies are needed to better understand the biology of this pathogen in New Zealand and determine a suitable control programme. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand AU - Horner, M. B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.146 KW - Alternaria Isolation Pathogenicity Storage M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Horner, M.B.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 1401, New Zealand; email: mary.horner@plantandfood.co.nz References: Brooks, R.M., Olmo, H.P., (1972) Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties, p. 708. , Berkley: University of California Press; Cannibal, P.B., Bilder, I.V., Yli-Mattila, T., Species of the genus Alternaria on apple trees (2008) Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya, 42, pp. 20-27; Dingley, J.M., (1969) Records of Plants and Diseases in New Zealand, p. 298. , New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bulletin 192; Filajdic, N., Sutton, T.B., Identification and distribution of Alternaria Mali on apples in North Carolina and susceptibility of different cultivars of apples to Alternaria blotch (1991) Plant Disease, 75, pp. 1045-1048; Filajdic, N., Sutton, T.B., Overwintering of Alternaria Mali, the causal agent of Alternaria blotch of apple (1995) Plant Disease, 79, pp. 695-698; Harteveld, D.O.C., Akinsanmi, O.A., Becker, M.F., Drenth, A., Comparative fitness of Alternaria species causing leaf blotch and fruit spot of apple in Australia (2014) Australasian Plant Pathology, 43 (5), pp. 495-501; Harteveld, D.O.C., Akinsanmi, O.A., Drenth, A., Multiple Alternaria species groups are associated with leaf blotch and fruit spot diseases of apple in Australia (2012) Plant Pathology, 62, pp. 289-297; Harteveld, D.O.C., Akinsanmi, O.A., Dullahide, S., Drenth, A., Sources and seasonal dynamics of Alternaria inoculum associated with leaf blotch and fruit spot of apples (2014) Crop Protection, 59, pp. 35-42; Hong, S.G., Maccaroni, M., Figuli, P.J., Pryor, B.M., Belisario, A., Polyphasic classification of Alternaria isolated from hazelnut and walnut fruit in Europe (2006) Mycological Research, 110, pp. 1290-1300; Kidd, M.N., Apple-rot fungi in the overseas transport and marketing of New Zealand apples (1929) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 11, pp. 30-32; Li, Y., Aldwinckle, H.S., Sutton, T., Tsuge, T., Kang, G., Cong, P., Cheng, Z., Interactions of apple and the Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (2013) Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 32, pp. 141-150; Li, Y., Zhang, L.Y., Zhang, Z., Cong, P.H., Cheng, Z.M., A simple sequence repeat marker linked to the susceptibility of apple to alternaria blotch caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (2011) Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science., 136, pp. 109-115; Rotondo, F., Collina, M., Brunelli, A., Pryor, B.M., Comparison of Alternaria spp. collected in Italy from apple with A. Mali and other AM-toxin producing strains (2012) Phytopathology, 102, pp. 1130-1142; Sawamura, K., Yukita, K., Alternaria blotch (2014) Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests. Second Edition, pp. 32-33. , In: Sutton TB, Aldwinckle HS, Agnello AM, Walgenbach JF eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; Serdani, M., Kang, J.C., Andersen, B., Crous, P.W., Characterisation of Alternaria speciesgroups associated with core rot of apples in South Africa (2002) Mycological Research, 106, pp. 561-569; Simmons, E.G., Alternaria themes and variations (236-243) - Host-specific toxin producers (1999) Mycotaxon, 70, pp. 325-369; Simmons, E.G., (2007) Alternaria: An Identification Manual, , Utrecht: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre; Suzuki, H., Kume, Y., Matsui, I., Effect of early defoliation on growth and fruit quality of apple trees (1987) Bulletin of the Akita Fruit-Tree Experiment Station, pp. 1-13; Toome-Heller, M., Baskarathevan, J., Burnip, G., Alexander, B., First report of apple leaf blotch caused by Alternaria arborescens complex in New Zealand (2018) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science; Volz, R.K., White, A.G., Brookfield, P.L., Weskett, R., Legg, S., Koorey, R., Tustin, D.S., White, M., Breeding and development of the new apple cultivar 'JazzTM' (2004) Acta Horticulturae, 663, pp. 891-894 PY - 2018 SP - 166-173 ST - Isolation, pathogenicity and storage of New Zealand Alternaria species from Malus × domestica T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Isolation, pathogenicity and storage of New Zealand Alternaria species from Malus × domestica UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051674334&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.146&partnerID=40&md5=f5e162117b72fffc050fc189c13e150d VL - 71 ID - 1122 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Epiphyas postvittana is a major horticultural pest in many countries, including New Zealand. Recently, two minor components (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol and (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate were found to increase the attraction of a previously identified two-component sex pheromone (95:5 blend of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate [E11-14:Ac] and (E,E)-9,11- tetradecadienyl acetate [E9,E11-14:Ac]) of Epiphyas postvittana. We hypothesised that the interaction between these minor components and the behavioural antagonist (Z)- 11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac) would modulate its antagonistic effect. The effect of increasing the ratio (0.5-10%) of Z11-14:Ac was tested in traps baited with E11-14:Ac and E9,E11-14:Ac (95:5), with or without the addition of the two minor compounds. Catch decreased as the percentage of Z11-14:Ac increased (χ2=108.74; d.f.=9; P<0.001). Overall, more moths were caught in traps baited with four- vs two-component lures (χ2=9.81; d.f.=1; P=0.002); in pair-level comparisons, significant differences in catch number between the two- and four-component lures were observed when the E11-14:Ac : Z11-14:Ac ratio was 99:1 (P=0.031) or 98:2 (P=0.047). The addition of the two minor components mitigated the reduced catch effect due to lower proportions of E11-14:Ac and the presence of 1-2% antagonist. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Auckland, New Zealand AU - Horner, R. M. AU - Sullivan, T. E. S. AU - Sporle, A. M. AU - Stringer, L. D. AU - Manning, L. A. AU - El-Sayed, A. M. AU - Suckling, D. M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.184 KW - Epiphyas postvittana Inhibitor Lepidoptera Lightbrown apple moth Mating disruption Pheromone Tortricidae M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Horner, R.M.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, New Zealand; email: rachael.horner@plantandfood.co.nz References: Bellas, T.E., Bartell, R.J., Hill, A., Identification of two components of the sex-pheromone of the moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) (1983) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 9, pp. 503-512; Cosse, A.A., Todd, J.L., Baker, T.C., Neurons discovered in male Helicoverpa zea antennae that correlate with pheromone-mediated attraction and interspecific antagonism (1998) Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 182, pp. 585-594; El-Sayed, A.M., Mitchell, V.J., Manning, L.A.M., Suckling, D.M., New sex pheromone blend for the lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (2011) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 37, pp. 640-646; Horak, M., Whittle, C.P., Bellas, T.E., Rumbo, E.R., Pheromone gland components of some Australian tortricids in relation to their taxonomy (1988) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 14, pp. 1163-1175; Juarez, M.L., Ruiz, M.J., Fernandez, P.C., Goane, L., Villagran, M.E., Arce, O.E.A., Arminana, A., Groot, A.T., Communication interference in sympatrically occurring moth species (2016) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 158, pp. 25-33; Martin, N., Moore, K., Musto, C.J., Linn, C.E., Flight tunnel response of male European corn borer moths to cross-specific mixtures of European and Asian corn borer sex pheromones: Evidence supporting a critical stage in evolution of a new communication system (2016) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 42, pp. 51-54; Mo, J., Glover, M., Munro, S., Beattie, G.A.C., Evaluation of mating disruption for control of lightbrown apple moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in citrus (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99, pp. 421-426; Renou, M., Guerrero, A., Insect parapheromones in olfaction research and semiochemical-based pest control strategies (2000) Annual Review of Entomology, 45, pp. 605-630; Rumbo, E., Deacon, S., Regan, L., Spatial discrimination between sources of pheromone and an inhibitor by the light-brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1993) Journal of Chemical Ecology, 19, pp. 953-962; Stephens, A.E.A., Suckling, D.M., El-Sayed, A.M., Odour quality discrimination for behavioural antagonist compounds in three tortricid species (2008) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 127, pp. 176-183; Suckling, D.M., Shaw, P.W., Large-scale trials of mating disruption of lightbrown apple moth in Nelson, New Zealand (1995) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23, pp. 127-137; Suckling, D.M., Shaw, P.W., Khoo, J.G.I., Cruickshank, V., Resistance management of lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by mating disruption (1990) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 18, pp. 89-98; Suckling, D.M., Sullivan, T.E.S., Stringer, L.D., Butler, R.C., Campbell, D.M., Twidle, A.M., Allen, W.J., El-Sayed, A.M., Communication disruption of light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) using a four-component sex pheromone blend (2012) Crop Protection, 42, pp. 327-333; Wu, H., Xu, M., Hou, C., Huang, L.Q., Dong, J.F., Wang, C.Z., Specific olfactory neurons and glomeruli are associated to differences in behavioral responses to pheromone components between two Helicoverpa species (2015) Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9; Zhang, D., Lofstedt, C., Moth pheromone receptors: Gene sequences, function, and evolution (2015) Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 3 PY - 2018 SP - 293-298 ST - Minor components modulate sensitivity to the pheromone antagonist Z11-14:Ac in male lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the field T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Minor components modulate sensitivity to the pheromone antagonist Z11-14:Ac in male lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the field UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051677347&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.184&partnerID=40&md5=b46c7cafe33f4fe3a1968bbe565e5952 VL - 71 ID - 1137 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was compared with farmers' conventional pest management practices on twelve spring- and autumn-sown seed and forage brassica crops. Demonstration trials were conducted in Canterbury from spring 2015 to autumn 2017 by splitting farmers' paddocks in half and applying the two management approaches side by side. A farmer participatory approach was used, with management decisions based on monitoring pests and biological-control agents. Farmer and adviser training with a focus on monitoring and identification was carried out. Biological-control agents capable of contributing to pest control were identified in all brassica crops. There was a 35% reduction in the number of insecticides applied under IPM compared with conventional management, negligible crop yield differences, and the type of insecticides applied was different. IPM adoption at these farms was high by the end of the 3-year project with 11 of the 12 farmers implementing IPM across 90-100% of their brassica crops. This project was a starting point for an industry-wide change of practice to IPM, which has become more widespread since its completion. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Foundation for Arable Research, PO Box 23133 Hornby8441, New Zealand IPM Technologies Pty Ltd, PO Box 560, Hurstbridge, VIC 3099, Australia New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand AU - Horrocks, A. AU - Horne, P. A. AU - Davidson, M. M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.118 KW - Adoption Arable Beneficial predators Biological-control agents Brassica IPM Participatory research Practice change M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Horrocks, A.; Foundation for Arable Research, PO Box 23133 Hornby, New Zealand; email: Abie.Horrocks@far.org.nz References: Abrol, D.P., Shankar, U., History, overview and principles of ecologically based pest management (2012) Integrated Pest Management: Principles and Practice. In: CABI, pp. 1-26. , In: Abrol DP, Shnkar U eds; Alston, D.G., Reding, M.E., Factors influencing adoption and educational outreach of integrated pest management (1998) Journal of Extension, 36, pp. 1-8; Chambers, R., Sunderland, K., Wyatt, I., Vickerman, G., The effects of predator exclusion and caging on cereal aphids in winter wheat (1983) Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, pp. 209-224; De Ruiter, J., Wilson, D., Maley, S., Fletcher, A., Fraser, T., Scott, W., Berryman, S., Nichol, W., (2009) Management Practices for Forage Brassicas, , https://www.dairynz.co.nz/media/443169/management-practices-forage-brassicas.pdf, Forage Brassica Development Group. Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Devine, G.J., Furlong, M.J., Insecticide use: Contexts and ecological consequences (2007) Agriculture and Human Values, 24, pp. 281-306; Edwards, C.A., Sunderland, K., George, K., Studies on polyphagous predators of cereal aphids (1979) Journal of Applied Ecology, 16, pp. 811-823; Herbert, D., Jr., Integrated pest management systems: Back to basics to overcome adoption obstacles (1995) Journal of Agricultural Entomology, 12, pp. 203-210; Horne, P., Page, J., (2008) Integrated Pest Management for Crops and Pastures, , Landlinks Press, CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, Australia; Horne, P.A., Page, J., Changing to Minimal Reliance on Pesticides (2011) Pesticides in the Modern World, pp. 337-345. , https://www.intechopen.com/books/pesticidesin-the-modern-world-pesticides-use-andmanagement/changing-to-minimal-relianceon-pesticides, In: Stoytcheva M ed; Kogan, M., Integrated pest management: Historical perspectives and contemporary developments (1998) Annual Review of Entomology, 43, pp. 243-270; Lewis, W.J., Van Lenteren, J., Phatak, S.C., Tumlinson, J., A total system approach to sustainable pest management (1997) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94, pp. 12243-12248; Perkins, J., Patterson, B., Pests, pesticides and the environment: A historical perspective on the prospects for pesticide reduction (1997) Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use, pp. 13-33. , In: Pimentel D. ed. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester, UK; Van Der Sluijs, J., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L., Van Lexmond, M.B., Bonmatin, J.-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Giorio, C., Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (2015) Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, pp. 148-154; Walker, G., Wright, P., Cameron, P., Fletcher, J., Berry, N., (2009) Information Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Vegetable Brassicas, , Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Walker, G., Wright, P., Cameron, P., Fletcher, J., Walker, M., Bulman, S., Berry, N., (2016) Pests, Natural Enemies, Diseases and Disorders for Vegetable Brassicas in New Zealand, , https://www.freshvegetables.co.nz/assets/J005621-handbook-brassica-final-medres.pdf, Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand PY - 2018 SP - 112-120 ST - Demonstrating an integrated pest management strategy in forage- and seed-brassica crops using a collaborative approach T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Demonstrating an integrated pest management strategy in forage- and seed-brassica crops using a collaborative approach UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051674298&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.118&partnerID=40&md5=744a586bb78b5b8c2803a205984d291a VL - 71 ID - 1133 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Brassica napus and Brassica rapa are grown across six continents for purposes including oilseed, biofuel, vegetables and livestock fodder. Hybridisation between the two can downgrade seed quality reducing grower returns. We assess the similarity of flower visitor assemblages of both species to determine the applicability of pollinator management strategies to both. Insect taxa were collected using window traps placed within ten peakflowering fields, five each of B. napus and B. rapa (one cultivar/species) located in South Canterbury, New Zealand. Both crops contained similar flower visitor assemblages with 25 of 29 taxa in common. Of the 1549 insects counted, Apis mellifera was most abundant (∼40% of individuals in both crops). Bombus terrrestris and the flies Delia platura, and Oxysarcodexia varia were also common. Crop location more likely influenced assemblage composition than crop species. Strategies to boost the role of bee and non-bee pollinators have potential benefits for both crops; however, a broader understanding of pollinator movement between crops is required to optimise seed purity and crop spacing. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand AU - Howlett, B. G. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Walker, M. K. AU - Teulon, D. A. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.162 KW - Bumblebees Gene flow Honey bees New Zealand Non-bee Pollen movement Pollination Pollinator diversity Pollinator management Solitary bees M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Howlett, B.G.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 4704, New Zealand; email: brad.howlett@plantandfood.co.nz References: (2009) SCID, New Zealand Seed Crop Isolation Distance Mapping Scheme, p. 17. , http://maxa.maf.govt.nz/sff/about-projects/search/05-122/nz-scid-mapping-scheme.pdf, AsureQuality Seed Certification Bureau (accessed 7 April 2018); Chifflet, R., Klein, E.K., Lavigne, C., Le Feon, V., Ricroch, A.E., Lecomte, J., Vaissiere, B.E., Spatial scale of insect-mediated pollen dispersal in oilseed rape in an open agricultural landscape (2011) Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, pp. 689-696; Donovan, B.J., (2007) Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand, p. 295. , Christchurch, Zealand Landcare Research Ltd; Evans, L.J., Goodwin, R.M., Walker, M.K., Howlett, B.G., Honey bee (Apis mellifera) distribution and behaviour on hybrid radish (Raphanus sativus L.) crops (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 32-36; Garibaldi, L.A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Aizen, M.A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S.A., Kremen, C., Afik, O., Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey-bee abundance (2013) Science, 339, pp. 1608-1611; Garratt, M.P.D., Coston, D.J., Truslove, C.L., Lappage, M.G., Polce, C., Dean, R., Biesmeijer, J.C., Potts, S.G., The identity of crop pollinators helps target conservation for improved ecosystem services (2014) Biological Conservation, 169, pp. 128-135; Greenacre, M.J., (2007) Correspondence Analysis in Practice: Interdisciplinary Statistics, p. 280. , Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton; Hayter, K.E., Cresswell, J.E., The influence of pollinator abundance on the dynamics and efficiency of pollination in agricultural Brassica napus: Implications for landscapescale gene dispersal (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, pp. 1196-1202; Henning, J., Schnitzler, F.R., Pfeiffer, D.U., Davies, P., Influence of weather conditions on fly abundance and its implications for transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in the North Island of New Zealand (2005) Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 19 (3), pp. 251-262; Howlett, B.G., Donovan, B.J., McCallum, J.A., Newstrom, L.E., Teulon, D.A.J., Between and within field variability of New Zealand indigenous flower visitors to onions (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 213-218; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Donovan, B.J., Teulon, D.A.J., Window traps and direct observations record similar arthropod flower visitor assemblages in two mass flowering crops (2009) Journal of Applied Entomology, 133, pp. 553-564; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., McCallum, J.A., Teulon, D.A.J., Small flower-visiting arthropods in New Zealand pak choi fields (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 86-91; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Rader, R., Butler, R.C., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Teulon, D.A.J., Can insect body pollen counts be used to estimate pollen deposition on pak choi stigmas? (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 25-31; Howlett, B.G., Lankin-Vega, G.O., De, P., Native and introduced bee abundances on carrot seed crops in New Zealand (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 373-379; Howlett, B.G., Davidson, M.M., De, P., Walker, M.K., Nelson, W.R., Seasonality of calliphorid and sarcophagid flies across Canterbury arable farms requiring pollinators (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 290-295; Howlett, B.G., Evans, L.J., De, P., Nelson, W.R., Stigmatic pollen delivery by flies and bees: Methods comparing multiple species within a pollinator community (2017) Basic and Applied Ecology, 19, pp. 19-25; Howlett, B.G., Read, S.F.J., Jesson, L.K., Benoist, A., Evans, L.E., De, P., Diurnal insect visitation patterns to 'Hayward' kiwifruit flowers in New Zealand (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 52-57; Magurran, A.E., Species abundance distributions over time (2007) Ecology Letters, 10, pp. 347-354; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, pp. 511 and 19. , Chapman & Hall, London; Mesa, L.A., Howlett, B.G., Grant, J.E., Didham, R.K., Changes in the relative abundance and movement of insect pollinators during the flowering cycle of Brassica rapa crops: Implications for gene flow (2013) Journal of Insect Science, 13, p. 13; Payne, R., Murray, D., Baird, D., The Guide to the Genstat Command Language (Release 19) (2017) VSN International, Hemel Hempsted, , Hertfordshire, UK; Pordel, M.R., Hatami, B., Mobli, M., Ebadi, R., Identification of insect pollinators of three different cultivars of winter canola and their effect on seed yield in Isfahan (2007) Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 10, pp. 413-426; Rader, R., Howlett, B., Cunningham, S., Westcott, D., Newstrom-Lloyd, L., Walker, M., Teulon, D., Edwards, W., Alternative pollinator taxa are equally efficient, but not as effective as the honeybee in a mass flowering crop (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 1080-1087; Rader, R., Edwards, W., Westcott, D., Cunningham, S., Howlett, B., Pollen transport differs among bees and flies in a human-modified landscape (2011) Diversity and Distributions, 17, pp. 519-529; Rader, R., Howlett, B.G., Cunningham, S.A., Westcott, D.A., Edwards, W., Spatial and temporal variation in pollinator effectiveness: Do unmanaged insects provide consistent pollination services to mass flowering crops? (2012) Journal of Applied Ecology, 49, pp. 126-134; Rader, R., Bartomeus, I., Garibaldi, L.A., Garratt, M.P.D., Howlett, B.G., Winfree, R., Cunningham, S.A., Andersson, G.K.S., Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination (2016) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (1), pp. 146-151; Read, S.F.J., Howlett, B.G., Jesson, L.K., De, P., Insect visitors to Avocado flowers in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 38-44; Ronca, S., Allainguillaume, J., Ford, C.S., Warren, J., Wilkinson, M.J., GM risk assessment: Pollen carriage from Brassica napus to B. rapa varies widely between pollinators (2017) Basic and Applied Ecology, 19, pp. 36-44; Stanley, D.A., Stout, J.C., Pollinator sharing between mass-flowering oilseed rape and co-flowering wild plants: Implications for wild plant pollination (2014) Plant Ecology, 215, pp. 315-325; Stavert, J.R., Linan-Cembrano, G., Beggs, J.R., Howlett, B.G., De, P., Bartomeus, I., Hairiness: The missing link between pollinators and pollination (2016) Peerj, 4, p. 18; Stewart, A.V., A review of Brassica species, cross-pollination and implications for pure seed production in New Zealand (2002) Agronomy New Zealand, 32-33, pp. 63-82; Walker, M.K., Howlett, B.G., McCallum, J.A., Wallace, A.R., Teulon, D.A.J., Small arthropods as pollinators in a New Zealand pak choi field trial (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 92-98 PY - 2018 SP - 189-197 ST - Are insect flower visitor assemblages distinguishable between Brassica napus and B. rapa? T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Are insect flower visitor assemblages distinguishable between Brassica napus and B. rapa? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051676095&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.162&partnerID=40&md5=1a9f6673cc46e90eb2010e752a3aa331 VL - 71 ID - 1119 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum) is a large, spiny annual that often forms dense monospecific communities on dry ridges and sunny hillslopes. The owner of a typical Poverty Bay hill-country farm with persistent variegated-thistle infestations reported that winter applications of herbicide were ineffectual in the long term as more variegated thistles simply recolonised the sprayed sites. An absence of preferred species, particularly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and legumes (Lotus and Trifolium spp.), in the soil seed bank under dense thistle populations may explain the persistence of these monospecific populations. To test this hypothesis, soil samples were collected from a dense and sparse variegated-thistle population in each of seven paddocks and incubated in a glasshouse. Emerged seedlings were identified and counted. The incubation was repeated three times. Total soil seed numbers were similar under both the dense and sparse populations with similar numbers of preferred legumes under both. However, there were significantly more perennial ryegrass seeds under the dense variegated-thistle populations compared with the sparse ones. Domination of thistles in densely infested patches was not due to lack of preferred species, or indeed other weed species, in the soil seed bank. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand AU - James, T. K. AU - Tozer, K. N. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.181 KW - Silybum marianum Soil seed bank Variegated thistle M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: James, T.K.; Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, New Zealand; email: trevor.james@agresearch.co.nz References: Chambreau, D., MacLaren, P.A., Got milk thistle? An adaptive management approach to eradicating milk thistle on dairies in King County, Washington State (2007) Meeting the Challenge: Invasive Plants in Pacific Northwest Ecosystems PNW-GTR-694, pp. 83-84. , In: Harrington TB, Reichard SH eds. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland, Oregon, USA; Clifford, P.T.P., Effect of cultural practice on potential seed yield components of 'Grasslands Huia' and 'Grasslands Pitau' white clover (1985) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 13, pp. 301-306; Dodd, J., Phenology and seed production of variegated thistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., in Australia in relation to mechanical and biological control (1989) Weed Research, 29, pp. 255-263; Groves, R.H., Kaye, P.E., Germination and phenology of seven introduced thistle species in southern Australia (1989) Australian Journal of Botany, 37, pp. 351-359; Hampton, J.G., Effect of seed and seed lot 1000-seed weight on vegetative and reproductive yields of 'Grasslands Moata' tetraploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) (1986) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 14, pp. 13-18; Howe, C.D., Chancellor, R.J., Factors affecting the viable seed content of soils beneath lowland pastures (1983) Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, pp. 915-922; Montemurro, P., Fracchiolla, M., Lonigro, A., Effects of some environmental factors on seed germination and spreading potentials of Silybum marianum Gaertner (2007) Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2, pp. 315-320; Rahman, A., James T K Grbavac, N., Mellsop, J., Evaluation of two methods for enumerating the soil weed seedbank (1995) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 48, pp. 175-180; Roche, C., (1991) Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn.), , Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension Publication (PNW382); Tozer, K.N., Barker, G.M., Cameron, C.A., James, T.K., Relationship between seedbank and above-ground botanical composition during spring (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 90-95; Young, J.A., Evans, R.A., Hawkes, R.B., Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) seed germination (1978) Weed Science, 26, pp. 395-398 PY - 2018 SP - 51-56 ST - Soil seed bank under variegated thistle does not explain thistle dominance T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Soil seed bank under variegated thistle does not explain thistle dominance UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051679292&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.181&partnerID=40&md5=920f12e5f11fe4c213487e715e3ad7b8 VL - 71 ID - 1118 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most taro imported from the Pacific are currently fumigated with toxic methyl bromide to kill pests, predominantly mites and nematodes that are generally found on the surface of taro. Combined high-pressure washing (HPW) and hot water treatment (HWT) were examined as alternative methods for disinfesting taro. Taro mites (Rhizoglyphus sp.) and root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) were exposed to a range of HWT and HPW conditions separately or together. At 47°C, mean lethal times of 2.6-2.9 mins and 3.9-4.1 mins were estimated to control 99% and 99.99% of nymph and adult mites, respectively. Mite nymphs and adults were more tolerant to HWT than mite eggs. The mean lethal time estimate to control 99% of juvenile nematodes was 4.5 mins. Nematode eggs were the most tolerant life stage with only 10% mortality after a 4-min 47°C HWT. HPW+HWT reduced heavy infestations of mobile pests on taro (n=30-117/taro) by 100%. HPW followed by HWT 50°C for 12.5 mins reduced viable egg infestation by 95.8%. HPW followed by HWT can control surface pests on taro while maintaining taro quality. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand MAF Samoa, Nu'u Research Station, Apia, Samoa Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa (SROS), Samoa New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand Quarantine Scientific, PO Box 408204, Kerikeri East, 0248, New Zealand AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Wilkinson, R. T. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Hawthorne, A. J. AU - Brown, S. D. J. AU - Aalders, L. T. AU - Tunupopo, F. AU - Tugaga, A. AU - To'omata, T. AU - Shah, F. AU - Armstrong, J. W. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.179 KW - Biosecurity Disinfestation High pressure washing Hot water treatment Root knot nematode Taro Taro mite M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Jamieson, L.E.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Mt Albert, New Zealand; email: Lisa.Jamieson@plantandfood.co.nz References: Buli, A., Lomavatu, M., Ciri, M., Developing cleaner export pathways for taro in Fiji and Samoa (2015) Acta Horticulturae, 1105, pp. 301-306; Cho, D., Park, K., Kim, Y., Koh, K., Park, Y., Study on hot water immersion treatment for control of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. in a ginger, Zingiber officinale (2017) Korean Journal of Applied Entomology, 56 (2), pp. 171-177; Cleveland, W.S., Grosse, E., Shyu, W.M., Local regression models (1992) Statistical Models in S, pp. 309-376. , In: Chambers JM, Hastie TJ eds. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, CA; Dobson, A.J., Barnett, A.G., (2008) Texts in Statistical Science: An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models. 3 Ed., , Florida, USA, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group; Gear, I., New Zealand research programme - Stakeholders in methyl bromide reduction update, research programme 2011-2016 (2011) Annual International Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, , San Diego, California, USA; Gerson, U., Capua, S., Thorens, D., Life history and life tables of Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae) (1983) Acarologia, 24 (4), pp. 439-448; Gotoh, T., Kitashima, Y., Sato, T., Effect of hotwater treatment on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and its predator, Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) (2013) International Journal of Acarology, 39 (7), pp. 533-537; Griffin, M., Olsson, S.R., Jamieson, L.E., Kagy, V., Mille, C., Connolly, P.G., Woolf, A.B., Reducing the risk of importing pest-infested citrus by applying high pressure washing treatments offshore (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 109-115; Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Redpath, S.P., Griffin, M.J., Rohan, C., Tunupopo, F., Tugaga, A., Woolf, A.B., Development of a hot water disinfestation treatment for taro exported from the Pacific Islands (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 200-206; (2018) Approved Biosecurity Treatments, , https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/1555-approved-biosecurity-treatments-forrisk-goods, MPI, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, (accessed 23 April 2018); (2011) Application for the Reassessment of a Hazardous Substance under Section 63 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, p. 107. , NZERMA, Name of substances: Methyl bromide and formulated substances containing methyl bromide, New Zealand Environmental Risk Management Authority; Page-Weir, N.E.M., Jamieson, L.E., Bell, N.L., Rohan, T.C., Chhagan, A., Clare, G., Kean, A.M., Connolly, P.G., Interceptions and hot water treatment of mites and nematodes on root crops from the Pacific Islands (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 17-28; Preisler, H.K., Robertson, J.L., Analysis of timedose-mortality data (1989) Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, pp. 1534-1542; (2015) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , R Core Team. Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing; (2014) Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer United Nations Environment Programme, , http://ozone.unep.org/Assessment-Panels/TEAP/Reports/MBTOC/index.shtml, UNEP. 2014 Report of the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee. 2014 Assessment Nairobi, Kenya; Woolf, A.B., Lay-Yee, M., Pretreatments at 38°C of 'Hass' avocado confer thermotolerance to 50°C hot-water treatments (1997) HortScience, 4 (32), pp. 705-708; Woolf, A., McDonald, R., Rogers, D., Olsson, S., Redpath, S., O'Donoghue, E., Kagy, V., Jamieson, L., Advances in application of high pressure washing to enhance market access (2015) Acta Horticulturae, pp. 385-390 PY - 2018 SP - 81-92 ST - Developing risk management treatments for taro from the Pacific Islands T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Developing risk management treatments for taro from the Pacific Islands UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051660545&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.179&partnerID=40&md5=245440ebdaed11fa7264ddd842d90bdd VL - 71 ID - 1130 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system (CATTS) was assessed as a disinfestation tool to control codling moth (CM; Cydia pomonella) larvae inside apples. Codling moth mortality and apple quality were assessed after exposure to one of 10 treatments, which were combinations of five variables, namely, O2 concentration (air 20.9%, 1, 2 or 3%); CO2 concentrations (air 0.04% or 15%); 12 or 24°C/h ramp rate up to 46°C; air speed 1.3 m/s; and either 2.5- or 3-h treatment time. CATTS treatments resulted in higher CM mortality than equivalent hot air treatments. The treatments involving 1 or 2% O2 combined with 15% CO2 and a ramp of 12°C/h or 24°C/h to 46°C, with a total treatment time of 3 h or 2.5 h and a 1.3 m/s air speed resulted in 100% mortality of CM. However, all CATTS and hot air treatments compromised apple quality. High CM mortality can be achieved using CATTS, but refinement of the protocol is needed to improve fruit quality outcomes. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Wilkinson, R. T. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Hawthorne, A. J. AU - Hartnett, D. E. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Woolf, A. B. AU - Nangul, A. AU - Guo, L. F. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.151 KW - Apple Codling moth Controlled atmosphere temperature treatment M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Jamieson, L.E.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, New Zealand; email: Lisa.Jamieson@plantandfood.co.nz References: Brinton, F.E., Proverbs, M.D., Carty, B.E., Artificial diet for mass production of the codling moth Carpocapsa pomonella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) (1969) The Canadian Entomologist, 101 (6), pp. 577-584; Neven, L., Mitcham, E., CATTS (Controlled Atmosphere/Temperature Treatment System): A novel tool for the development of quarantine treatments (1996) American Entomologist, 42 (1), pp. 56-59; Neven, L.G., Drake, S.R., Shellie, K.C., Development of a high temperature controlled atmosphere quarantine treatment for pome and stone fruits (2001) Acta Horticulturae, 553 (2), pp. 457-460; Neven, L., Combined heat and controlled atmosphere quarantine treatments for control of codling moth in sweet cherries (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology, 98 (3), pp. 709-715; Neven, L.G., Drake, S.R., Comparison of alternative postharvest quarantine treatments for sweet cherries (2000) Postharvest Biology and Technology, 20 (2), pp. 107-114; Neven, L., Rehfield-Ray, L., Confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in apples using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (5), pp. 1620-1627; Neven, L., Rehfield-Ray, L., Obenland, D., Confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in peaches and nectarines using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (5), pp. 1610-1619; Shellie, K., Neven, L.G., Drake, S.R., Assessing 'Bing' sweet cherry tolerance to a heated controlled atmosphere for insect pest control (2001) HortTechnology, 11 (2), pp. 308-311; (1987) Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer United Nations Environment Programme, , http://www.unep.org/ozone, UNEP, Published by Secretariat for The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer & The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya PY - 2018 SP - 306-313 ST - Assessing the efficacy of controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system (CATTS) against codling moth inside harvested apples T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Assessing the efficacy of controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system (CATTS) against codling moth inside harvested apples UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051677307&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.151&partnerID=40&md5=87473683b9f50c6a935e2301fc963f16 VL - 71 ID - 1141 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Taro leaf blight (TLB) caused by Phytophthora colocasiae is a damaging disease that destroyed Samoa's taro industry following its introduction in 1993. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of the A1 and A2 mating types of P. colocasiae for a more comprehensive understanding of the risk the pathogen poses for the future of the taro industry in Samoa. In September 2015, 54 isolates of P. colocasiae were collected from taro leaf blight lesions from 13 farms around the island of Upolu, Samoa. The mating types of each isolate was determined by observation of oospore formation when paired with tester isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae of known mating types (A1 or A2). Fifty isolates were found to be A2 mating type and four did not form oospores with either mating type. No A1 or self-fertile isolates were found. These results suggest that the A1 mating type has not been introduced to the island of Upolu, preventing the formation of oospores between compatible mating types of P. colocasiae and lessening the risk of new and potentially more threatening genotypes of the pathogen from emerging through genetic recombination. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa, Apia, Samoa Samoa Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Apia, Samoa AU - Mellow, K. D. AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Fullerton, R. A. AU - Tugaga, A. AU - Tunupopo, F. AU - Maslen-Miller, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.143 KW - Colocasia esculenta Phytophthora nicotianae Sexual reproduction Taro Taro leaf blight M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Mellow, K.D.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, New Zealand; email: Kieran.mellow@plantandfood.co.nz References: Chan, E., Milne, M., Fleming, E., The causes and consequences of taro leaf blight in Samoa and the implications for trade patterns in the South Pacific region (1998) Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 75 (1), pp. 93-98; Hine, R., Aragaki, M., Pathogenicity, vitamin nutrition and cultural characteristics of isolates of Phytophthora parasitica from carnation and other hosts in Hawaii (1963) Phytopathology, 53, pp. 1194-1197; Jeffers, S.N., Martin, S.B., Comparison of two media selective for Phytophthora and Pythium species (1986) Plant Disease, 90, pp. 1038-1043; Lin, M., Chen, J., Uchida, J.Y., Kadooka, C.Y., Mating type distribution, fungicide sensitivity, and phylogenetic relationships of Phytophthora colocasiae (2014) Plant Protection Bulletin, 56 (1), pp. 25-42; Ko, W.H., Mating-type distribution of Phytophthora colocasiae on the island of Hawaii (1979) Mycologia, 71 (2), pp. 434-437; Shrestha, S., Hu, J., Fryxell, R.T., Mudge, J., Lamour, K., SNP markers identify widely distributed clonal lineages of Phytophthora colocasiae in Vietnam, Hawaii and Hainan Island, China (2014) Mycologia, 106 (4), pp. 676-685; Singh, D., Jackson, G., Hunter, D., Fullerton, R.A., Lebot, V., Taylor, M., Iosefa, T., Tyson, J.L., Taro leaf blight - A threat to food security (2012) Agriculture, 2 (3), pp. 182-203; Tyson, J.L., Fullerton, R.A., Mating types of Phytophthora colocasiae from the Pacific region, India and South-east Asia (2007) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2 (1), pp. 111-112; Tyson, J.L., Taylor, R.K., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., A pre-harvest rot of persimmon fruit caused by Phytophthora cactorum in New Zealand (2014) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 9 (1), p. 122; Zhang, K.M., Zheng, F.C., Li, Y.D., Ann, P.J., Ko, W.H., Isolates of Phytophthora colocasiae from Hainan Island in China: Evidence suggesting an Asian origin of this species (1994) Mycologia, 86 (1), pp. 108-112 PY - 2018 SP - 289-292 ST - Mating types of Phytophthora colocasiae on the island of Upolu, Samoa T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Mating types of Phytophthora colocasiae on the island of Upolu, Samoa UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051649588&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.143&partnerID=40&md5=478baaac2dae2de7645873817268ecbe VL - 71 ID - 1123 ER - TY - JOUR AB - For a deeper understanding of grapevine trunk disease (GTD) in New Zealand, a cheap, rapid, sensitive method for identifying within-vine microbial communities is required. Wood tissue from grapevine trunks was collected and three different DNA extraction methods were compared: A cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method; the Geneaid Plant Genomic DNA Mini Kit; and the Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit. DNA samples from the CTAB and Geneaid methods were used for MiSeq DNA metabarcoding targeting the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. DNA produced by the CTAB method was of a greater quantity and quality than for the other two methods, although the majority of the DNA samples provided polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of fungal DNA sequences. Fungal metabarcoding profiles from the CTAB and Geneaid samples indicated the presence of fungi normally associated with GTD in New Zealand. The CTAB method was chosen for subsequent work due to its low-cost, simplicity and effective detection of typical GTD fungi. The complete process of sampling through to metabarcoding is now used annually as part of a wider ecological study, screening more than 600 vines at 12 Marlborough vineyards. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Marlborough Wine Research Centre, PO Box 845, Blenheim, New Zealand New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand Better Border Biosecurity (B3), New Zealand AU - Mundy, D. C. AU - Vanga, B. R. AU - Thompson, S. AU - Bulman, S. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.159 KW - DNA extraction Grapevine trunk microorganisms Metabarcoding Next generation sequencing PCR M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Mundy, D.C.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Marlborough Wine Research Centre, PO Box 845, New Zealand; email: dion.mundy@plantandfood.co.nz References: Agler, M.T., Ruhe, J., Kroll, S., Morhenn, C., Kim, S.-T., Weigel, D., Kemen, E.M., Microbial hub taxa link host and abiotic factors to plant microbiome variation (2016) PLoS Biol, 14, p. e1002352; Bertsch, C., Ramirez-Suero, M., Magnin-Robert, M., Larignon, P., Chong, J., Abou-Mansour, E., Spagnolo, A., Fontaine, F., Grapevine trunk diseases: Complex and still poorly understood (2013) Plant Pathology, 62, pp. 243-265; Cheng, F.S., Brown, S.K., Weeden, N.F., A DNA extraction protocol from various tissues in woody species (1997) HortScience, 32, pp. 921-922; Hill, G.N., Evans, K.J., Beresford, R.M., Dambergs, R.G., Comparison of methods for the quantification of botrytis bunch rot in white wine grapes (2014) Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 20, pp. 432-441; Hort, N.Z., Grape and wine production 2011 & 2016 (2016) Freshfacts 2016, p. 8. , In: Aitken AG, Hewett EW eds. New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Auckland, New Zealand; Jones, P.E., (2001) The Development of Diagnostic Tools for the Grapevine Pathogen Eutypa Lata, p. 136. , Unpublished MSc thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Lawrence, D.P., Travadon, R., Nita, M., Baumgartner, K., TrunkDiseaseID.org: A molecular database for fast and accurate identification of fungi commonly isolated from grapevine wood (2017) Crop Protection, 102, pp. 110-117; Lodhi, M.A., Ye, G.N., Weeden, N.F., Reisch, B.I., A simple and efficient method for DNA extraction from grapevine cultivars and Vitis species (1994) Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 12, pp. 6-13; Martin, K.J., Rygiewicz, P.T., Fungal-specific PCR primers developed for analysis of the ITS region of environmental DNA extracts (2005) BMC Microbiology, 5, p. 28; Morales-Cruz, A., Allenbeck, G., Figueroa-Balderas, R., Ashworth, V.E., Lawrence, D.P., Travadon, R., Smith, R.J., Cantu, D., Closed-reference metatranscriptomics enables in planta profiling of putative virulence activities in the grapevine trunk disease complex (2018) Molecular Plant Pathology, 19, pp. 490-503; Mundy, D.C., Casonato, S.G., Manning, M.A., Incidence of fungi isolated from grape trunks in New Zealand vineyards (2009) APPS Plant Health Management: An Integrated Approach, p. 86. , Guest D ed. Australasian Plant Pathology Society; Mundy, D.C., Casonato, S.G., Manning, M.A., Sampling techniques for isolating trunk disease fungi from a Nelson vineyard (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, p. 406; Mundy, D.C., McLachlan, A.R.G., Visual symptoms of trunk diseases do not predict vine death (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 17-24; Murray, M.G., Thompson, W.F., Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA (1980) Nucleic Acids Research, 8, pp. 4321-4325; Porebski, L.S., Bailey, G., Baum, B.R., Modification of a CTAB DNA extraction protocol for plants containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol components (1997) Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 15, pp. 8-15; Siebert, J.B., (2001) Eutypa: The Economic Toll on Vineyards, pp. 50-56. , Wines Vines. April; Sosnowski, M., Mundy, D.C., (2016) Sustaining Vineyards Through Practical Management of Grapevine Trunk Diseases, p. 73. , NZW 13-100. Adelaide, SA, SARDI; Wicks, T., Davies, K., The effect of Eutypa on grapevine yield (1999) Australian Grapegrower and Winemaker, 426, pp. 15-16 PY - 2018 SP - 10-18 ST - Assessment of sampling and DNA extraction methods for identification of grapevine trunk microorganisms using metabarcoding T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Assessment of sampling and DNA extraction methods for identification of grapevine trunk microorganisms using metabarcoding UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051629406&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.159&partnerID=40&md5=f7f6b7451dcaf260792c68c46daccda2 VL - 71 ID - 1154 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Fresh, wild-type conidium suspensions of Neonectria ditissima prepared from sporulating European canker lesions for use in field inoculation trials are not always readily available. The effect of freezing inoculum on the viability of spores and their ability to cause infection in situ was assessed using 15-19 frozen N. ditissima conidium suspensions during 2015-2017. Freshly prepared inoculum and water only were used to inoculate rasp wounds on 'Braeburn' (2015), 'Scilate'/Envy™ (2016) and 'Royal Gala' and 'Braeburn' (2017) along with frozen inoculum ranging in age from 1-462 days at concentrations >104 conidia/mL. Lesion development was assessed at approximately monthly intervals. In all experiments, there was no substantial effect of storage time on lesion development although germination in droplets may have decreased during storage. As expected, there was a cultivar effect (2017 data only), with fewer lesions on 'Braeburn' compared with 'Royal Gala'. Long-term deepfreeze storage up to 462 days of N. ditissima conidium suspensions (>104 conidia/mL) did not affect the ability of spores to infect apple trees. Therefore, spore suspensions can be batch-prepared and stored frozen for future experimental use. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Old Mill Road, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand AU - Orchard, S. AU - Campbell, R. E. AU - Turner, L. AU - Butler, R. C. AU - Curnow, T. AU - Patrick, E. AU - Walter, M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.129 KW - Apple trees European canker Neonectria ditissima Storage M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Walter, M.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Old Mill Road, New Zealand; email: monika.walter@plantandfood.co.nz References: Dubin, H.J., English, H., Factors affecting apple leaf scar infection by Nectria galligena conidia (1974) Phytopathology, 64, pp. 1201-1203; Gomez-Cortecero, A., Saville, R.J., Scheper, R.W.A., Bowen, J.K., De Medeiros, H.A., Kingsnorth, J., Xu, X.M., Harrison, R.J., Variation in host and pathogen in the Neonectria/Malus interaction; Toward an understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to European canker (2016) Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, p. 1365; Latorre, B.A., Rioja, M.E., Lillo, C., Munoz, M., The effect of temperature and wetness duration on infection and a warning system for European canker (Nectria galligena) of apple in Chile (2002) Crop Protection, 21, pp. 285-291; McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models. 2nd Ed, pp. 511 and 19. , London, Chapman & Hall; Scheper, R.W.A., Frijters, L., Fisher, B.M., Hedderley, D.I., Effect of freezing of Neonectria ditissima inoculum on its pathogenicity (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 257-263; Walter, M., Stevenson, O.D., Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., Rainham, D., Hornblow, C., Kerer, U., Butler, R.C., Control of Neonectria ditissima with copper based products in New Zealand (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 241-249; Walter, M., Roy, S., Fisher, B.M., Mackle, L., Amponsah, N.T., Curnow, T., Campbell, R.E., Scheper, R.W.A., How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by Neonectria ditissima? (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 238-245; Xu, X., Butt, D.J., Ridout, M.S., The effects of inoculum dose, duration of wet period, temperature and wound age on infection by Nectria galligena of pruning wounds on apple (1998) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 104, pp. 511-519 PY - 2018 SP - 158-165 ST - Long-term deep-freeze storage of Neonectria ditissima conidium suspensions does not reduce their ability to infect apple trees T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Long-term deep-freeze storage of Neonectria ditissima conidium suspensions does not reduce their ability to infect apple trees UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051636144&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.129&partnerID=40&md5=0456f49980e49bfa1cb99cd87fd6ab9f VL - 71 ID - 1139 ER - TY - JOUR AB - New Zealand apples infested with apple leafcurling midge (ALCM) cocoons are a quarantine issue for growers exporting to many markets. The presence of ALCM on apples in these markets requires fumigation with methyl bromide, which decreases fruit quality. The effectiveness of various forms of heat treatments on ALCM were evaluated as alternatives. Apples infested with ALCM cocoons were subjected to one of the following heat treatments: Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatment System (CATTS; 1% O2, 15% CO2, 46°C, 3 h), hot air (46°C, 3 h), hot water high pressure washing (hot-HPW; 55°C, 100 psi, 15-20 s), or hot water drench (HWD; 55°C, 40 psi, 15-20 s). ALCM removal and mortality were assessed 7-days post-treatment. The hot-air and CATTS treatments provided the greatest control, with 82.2 and 92.2% mortality respectively. More cocoons were removed with hot-HPW (46.6%) compared with ambient-HPW (27.1%). Neither HWD nor hot-HPW increased mortality of cocooned ALCM over that in untreated controls. ALCM cocoons are particularly difficult pests to remove/kill; further research should focus on incorporating multiple control measures into the current systems approach. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Hawthorne, A. J. AU - Wilkinson, R. T. AU - Hartnett, D. E. AU - Redpath, S. P. AU - Chhagan, A. AU - Woolf, A. B. AU - Guo, L. F. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.150 KW - Apple leafcurling midge Controlled atmosphere temperature treatment Hot high pressure washing Hot water drench M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Page-Weir, N.E.M.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, New Zealand; email: Natalie.Page@plantandfood.co.nz References: Drake, S.R., Moffitt, H.R., Fellman, J.K., Sell, C.R., Apple quality as influenced by fumigation with methyl bromide (1988) Journal of Food Science, 53 (6), pp. 1710-1712; Hawthorne, A.J., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Redpath, S.P., Jamieson, L.E., Establishing cocooning apple leafcurling midge onto apples for disinfestation research (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, p. 328; Honiball, F., Giliomee, J.H., Randall, J.H., Mechanical control of red scale (Aonidiella auranti Mask) on harvested oranges (1979) Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Journal, 549, pp. 17-18; (2009) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures, ISPM No. 28 Annex 6: Irradiation Treatment for Cydia Pomonella, , IPPC . Rome, IPPC, FAO; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Olsson, S., Connolly, P.G., McDonald, R.M., Woolf, A., High pressure water-washing to remove pests from capsicums (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 118-122; Jamieson, L.E., Wilkinson, R.T., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Hawthorne, A.J., De, H., Redpath, S.P., Chhagan, A., Guo, L.F., Assessing the efficacy of controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system (CATTS) against codling moth inside apples (2018) New Zealand Plant Protection, 71, pp. 306-313; Lowe, S., Apple leafcurling midge (1993) Pipmark Technical Bulletin, p. 5. , New Zealand Apple and Pear Marketing Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Neven, L., Combined heat and controlled atmosphere quarantine treatments for control of codling moth in sweet cherries (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology, 98 (3), pp. 709-715; Neven, L., Drake, S., Summary of alternative quarantine treatment research in the Pacific Northwest (1996) Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, p. 79. , 4-6 November 1997, Orlando, Florida, USA; Neven, L., Mitcham, E., CATTS (Controlled Atmosphere/Temperature Treatment System): A novel tool for the development of quarantine treatments (1996) American Entomologist, 42 (1), pp. 56-59; Neven, L., Rehfield-Ray, L., Confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in apples using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (5), pp. 1620-1627; Neven, L.G., Drake, S.R., Shellie, K.C., Development of a high temperature controlled atmosphere quarantine treatment for pome and stone fruits (2001) Acta Horticulturae, 553 (2), pp. 457-460; Neven, L., Rehfield-Ray, L., Obenland, D., Confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in peaches and nectarines using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments (2006) Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (5), pp. 1610-1619; Page-Weir, N.E.M., Jamieson, L.E., Hawthorne, A.J., Redpath, S.P., Chhagan, A., De, H., Guo, L., Woolf, A.B., Pre-treatment dips to enhance the removal of apple leafcurling midge from apples using high pressure washing (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, p. 315; Shellie, K., Neven, L.G., Drake, S.R., Assessing 'Bing' sweet cherry tolerance to a heated controlled atmosphere for insect pest control (2001) HortTechnology, 11 (2), pp. 308-311; Walker, G., Morse, N., Arpaia, M.L., Evaluation of a high-pressure washer for postharvest removal of Californian red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) (1996) Journal of Economic Entomology, 89 (1), pp. 148-155; Walker, G., Zareh, N., Arpaia, M.L., Effect of pressure and dwell time on efficiency of a high-pressure washer for postharvest removal of California red scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) from citrus fruit (1999) Journal of Economic Entomology, 92 (4), pp. 906-914 PY - 2018 SP - 299-305 ST - Effect of various heat treatments to target apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura Mali) cocoons on apples T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Effect of various heat treatments to target apple leafcurling midge (Dasineura Mali) cocoons on apples UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051651969&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.150&partnerID=40&md5=7238914fb5cda079807d1a4d9f054fb6 VL - 71 ID - 1142 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Earthworms are not a direct pest of turf grass but they are considered a problem on many sports fields, disrupting playability and aesthetics due to the castings they deposit on the playing surface. Also, a number of slug species are well-known foliage destroying pests of a number of agriculturally important crop species. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue cultivars associated with selected Epichloë endophytes, originally developed for bird management at airports, were assessed to determine their deterrent properties towards worms and slugs. Plots sown with endophyte-free ryegrass had significantly higher numbers of worms and slugs than plots containing the same grass cultivar infected with the endophyte strain AR95. Also, plots sown with endophyte-free tall fescue had significantly higher numbers of slugs (but not worms) than plots containing the same grass cultivar infected with the endophyte strain AR601. Although more research is required on the exact mechanism of action, these results suggest selected novel endophyte-infected grass associations, such as those including the endophyte AR95, may substantially reduce populations of worms and slugs in areas where these grasses are sown. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - FPF Consulting Limited, 18 Bridget Lane, Rangiora, Canterbury, 7400, New Zealand Foundation for Arable Research, PO Box 23133, Hornby, Christchurch, 8441, New Zealand Forage Science, AgResearch Limited, Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand Knowledge and Analytics, AgResearch Limited, Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand Forage Science, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand AU - Pennell, C. G. L. AU - Rolston, M. P. AU - Van Koten, C. AU - Mace, W. J. AU - Hume, D. E. AU - Card, S. D. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.148 KW - Avanex Epichloë Festuca arundinacea Gastropoda Lolium perenne Lumbricidae Neotyphodium M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Card, S.D.; Forage Science, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, New Zealand; email: stuart.card@agresearch.co.nz References: Barker, G., Mollusc herbivory influenced by endophytic clavicipitaceous fungal infections in grasses (2008) Annals of Applied Biology, 153, pp. 381-393; Beckman, P., Earthworm casting creates maintenance nightmare (1999) Penton Media, , http://groundsmag.com/golf-courses/grounds-maintenance-earthworm-casting-creates/, Accessed 8th May 2018; Chapman, D.F., Bryant, J.R., Olayemi, M.E., Edwards, G.R., Thorrold, B.S., McMillan, W.H., Kerr, G.A., Norriss, M., An economically based evaluation index for perennial and short-term ryegrasses in New Zealand dairy farm systems (2017) Grass and Forage Science, 72, pp. 1-21; Coley, A.B., Fribourg, H.A., Pelton, M.R., Gwinn, K.D., Effects of tall fescue endophyte infestation on relative abundance of small mammals (1995) Journal of Environmental Quality, 24, pp. 472-475; Conover, M.R., Messmer, T.A., Feeding preferences and changes in mass of Canada geese grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue (1996) Condor, 98, pp. 859-862; Delahaut, K., Koval, C.F., (2002) Earthworms: Beneficials or Pests? Grounds Maintenance: For Golf and Green Industry Professionals, , http://grounds-mag.com/mag/grounds-maintenance-earthworms-beneficials-pests, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Penton Media Inc. Accessed 8th May 2018; Drewry, J.J., Natural recovery of soil physical properties from treading damage of pastoral soils in New Zealand and Australia: A review (2006) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 114, pp. 159-169; Finch, S.C., Pennell, C.G.L., Kerby, J.W.F., Cave, V.M., Mice find endophyte-infected seed of tall fescue unpalatable - Implications for the aviation industry (2016) Grass and Forage Science, 71, pp. 659-666; Grewal, P.S., Grewal, S.K., Taylor, R.A.J., Hammond, R.B., Application of molluscicidal nematodes to slug shelters: A novel approach to economic biological control of slugs (2001) Biological Control, 22, pp. 72-80; Hoffman, G.D., Rao, S., Fertilization of Epichloë typhina stromata by mycophagous slugs (2014) Mycologia, 106, pp. 1-7; Humphries, S.S., Gwinn, K.D., Stewart, A.J., Effects of endophyte status of tall fescue tissues on the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) (2001) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, pp. 1346-1350; Johnson, L., De Bonth, A., Briggs, L., Caradus, J., Finch, S., Fleetwood, D., Fletcher, L., Card, S., The exploitation of epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit (2013) Fungal Diversity, 60, pp. 171-188; Leuchtmann, A., Bacon, C.W., Schardl, C.L., White, J.F., Tadych, M., Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epichloë (2014) Mycologia, 106, pp. 202-215; Panaccione, D., Cipoletti, J., Sedlock, A., Blemmings, K., Shardl, C., Machodo, C., Seidel, G., Effects of ergot alkaloids on food preference and satiety in rabbits, as assessed with geneknockout endophytes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (2006) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, pp. 4582-4587; Pennell, C.G.L., Popay, A.J., Rolston, M.P., Townsend, R.J., Lloyd-West, C.M., Card, S.D., Avanex Unique Endophyte Technology - A biological deterrent for the aviation industries (2016) Environmental Entomology, 45, pp. 101-108; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., Koten, C., Hume, D., Card, S., Reducing bird numbers at New Zealand airports using a unique endophyte product (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 224-234; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., Baird, D., Hume, D., Mckenzie, C., Card, S., Using novel-grass endophyte associations as an avian deterrent (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 255-264; Pennell, C., Rolston, M., Latham, A., Mace, W., Vlaming, J., Van Koten, C., Latham, M., Card, S., Novel grass-endophyte associations reduce the feeding behaviour of invasive European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (2017) Wildlife Research, 43, pp. 681-690; Potter, D.A., Redmond, C.T., Meepagala, K.M., Williams, D.W., Managing earthworm casts (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in turfgrass using a natural by-product of tea oil (Camellia sp. ) manufacture (2010) Pest Management Science, 66, pp. 439-446; Potter, D.A., Redmond, C.T., Williams, D.W., (2011) Course Care: Controlling Earthworm Casts, , http://www.usga.org/news/2011/October/Course-Care-Controlling-Earthworm-Casts/, Accessed 8th May 2018; Prestidge, R.A., Sprosen, J.M., The effect of glyphosate, paraquat and paclobutrazol on lolitrem B levels in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (1995) New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 43, pp. 138-140; Prestidge, R.A., Marshall, S.L., Thom, E.R., Seasonal earthworm densities on endophyteinfected and endophyte-free perennial ryegrass (1997) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 50, pp. 73-77; Redmond, C.T., Kesheimer, A., Potter, D.A., Earthworm community composition, seasonal population structure, and casting activity on Kentucky golf courses (2014) Applied Soil Ecology, 75, pp. 116-123; Schardl, C.L., Young, C.A., Faulkner, J.R., Florea, S., Pan, J., Chemotypic diversity of epichloae, fungal symbionts of grasses (2012) Fungal Ecology, 5, pp. 331-344; Singh, K., Hegeman, W.J.M., Laane, R.W.P.M., Chan, H.M., Review and evaluation of a chiral enrichment model for chlordane enantiomers in the environment (2016) Environmental Reviews, 24, pp. 363-376; Thom, E., Popay, A., Waugh, C., Minnee, E., Impact of novel endophytes in perennial ryegrass on herbage production and insect pests from pastures under dairy cow grazing in northern (2014) New Zealand Grass & Forage Science, 69, pp. 191-204; Treves, A., Wallace, R.B., Naughton-Treves, L., Morales, A., Co-managing human- wildlife conflicts: A review (2006) Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 11, pp. 383-396; Young, C.A., De, H., McCulley, R.L., Forages and pastures symposium: Fungal endophytes of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass: Pasture friend or foe? (2013) Journal of Animal Science, 91, pp. 2379-2394 PY - 2018 SP - 240-247 ST - The effect of grass endophytes on earthworms and slugs under a turf mowing regime T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - The effect of grass endophytes on earthworms and slugs under a turf mowing regime UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051642201&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.148&partnerID=40&md5=52bdc12182a954a0777344733661e7de VL - 71 ID - 1152 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ethyl formate (EF) is a Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS) alternative to methyl bromide, with potential to control surface pests on New Zealand avocados before export. 'Hass' avocados, two-spotted spider mites (TSM) and oleander scale (OS) insects were fumigated with 1.2% EF (240 g VAPORMATE™/m3) at 6°C for 1, 2 or 4 h. Fruit were then stored at 5°C for 3 weeks before external and internal fruit quality assessment. Survival of pest species was assessed 1 or 7 days later. Fumigation with 1.2% EF + 10% CO2 for 2 or 4 h controlled all life stages of non-diapausing TSM and all life stages of OS, apart from crawlers (0.3-0.7% survivorship). Diapausing TSM were harder to control (17% ± 4.8% mortality; 4-h treatment). Ethyl formate treatment resulted in damage to avocado skins (41% ± 5.3%- 91% ± 2.0%), and an increase in vascular browning and rots. The EF fumigations of avocado fruit at doses used here have potential to control non-diapausing mites and scale insects, but treated fruit were of unacceptable quality. Future studies could examine whether prior cool storage could reduce fruit damage. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand AU - Pidakala, P. P. B. AU - Wilkinson, R. T. AU - Nangul, A. AU - Hartnett, D. E. AU - Page-Weir, N. E. M. AU - Hawthorne, A. J. AU - Jamieson, L. E. AU - Woolf, A. B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.135 KW - Fruit quality Fumigation GRAS Oleander scale Persea americana Two-spotted spider mite VAPORMATE™ M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Pidakala, P.P.B.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, New Zealand; email: paul.pidakala@plantandfood.co.nz References: Brown, S.D.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Hawthorne, A.J., Wilkinson, R.T., De, H., Redpath, S., Chhagan, A., Mortality of kiwifruit pests (Coccoidea) exposed to ethyl formate delivered using either carbon dioxide or nitrogen carrier gases New Zealand Plant Protection, 71, pp. 102-111; Chhagan, A., Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Zulhendri, F., Feng, R., Woolf, A.B., Postharvest management of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) on apricots using ethyl formate or pyrethrum-based treatments (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection., 66, pp. 63-74; De Lima, C.P.F., (2009) Fumigation of Table Grapes Using Ethyl Formate + Carbon Dioxide As a Quarantine Treatment, , Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia; De Lima, C.P.F., (2010) Fumigation of Citrus Using Ethyl Formate + Carbon Dioxide As a Quarantine Treatment, , Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia; Dixon, J., (2003) New Zealand Avocado Fruit Assessment Manual. Version 3.0, , Avocado Industry Council Limited; (2004) Avocado Post-Harvest Operations, , http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user-upload/inpho/docs/Post-Harvest-Compendium-Avocado.pdf/, FAO (accessed 5 June 2018); Griffin, M.J., Jamieson, L.E., Chhagan, A., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Poulton, J., Davis, V.A., Zulhendri, F., Connolly, P.G., The potential of ethyl formate + carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 54-62; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P.G., Poulton, J., Kean, A.M., The potential of using low oxygen and ethyl formate or ethyl acetate to disinfest fresh fruit in storage (2013) New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, pp. 45-53; Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Chhagan, A., Redpath, S.P., Connolly, P.G., Developing ethyl formate treatment for disinfesting pipfruit (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 96-102; Jamieson, L.E., Griffin, M.J., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Redpath, S.P., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P., Woolf, A.B., The tolerance of tomato potato psyllid life stages to ethyl formate (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 91-97; Jamieson, L.E., Page-Weir, N.E.M., Griffin, M.J., Redpath, S.P., Chhagan, A., Connolly, P.G., Efficacy of ethyl formate as disinfestation for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apples (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 167-175; (2018) Pre-clearance Programmes, , https://www.mpi.govt.nz/exporting/food/fruit-andvegetables/official-assurance-programmes/pre-clearance-programmes/, MPI (accessed 7 May 2018); Pupin, F., Bikoba, V., Biasi, W., Pedroso, G., Ouyang, Y., Grafton-Cardwell, E., Mitcham, E., Postharvest control of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and California red scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with ethyl formate and its impact on citrus fruit quality (2013) Journal of Economic Entomology, 106 (6), pp. 2341-2348; Singh, P., Clare, G.K., A method for continuous production of diapausing two-spotted mite in the laboratory (1993) New Zealand Entomologist, 16, pp. 94-99; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Mitcham, E.J., Effects of ethyl formate on fruit quality and target pest mortality for harvested strawberries (2004) Postharvest Biology & Technology, 34 (3), pp. 313-319; Simpson, T., Bikoba, V., Tipping, C., Mitcham, E., Ethyl formate as a postharvest fumigant for selected pests of table grapes (2007) Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (4), pp. 1084-1090; Van Epenhuijsen, C.W., Hedderley, D.I., Somerfield, K.G., Brash, D.W., Efficacy of ethyl formate and ethyl acetate for the control of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (2007) Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 35, pp. 267-274 PY - 2018 SP - 121-128 ST - Potential use of ethyl formate treatment to control surface pests of 'Hass' avocado fruit T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Potential use of ethyl formate treatment to control surface pests of 'Hass' avocado fruit UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051637306&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.135&partnerID=40&md5=507344c25e51b89c839c879694a9ea2e VL - 71 ID - 1128 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini) causes damage to a number of crop and ornamental plant species, including saffron (Crocus sativus). A split-plot experiment based on a randomised complete-block design was conducted between 2011 and 2015 to investigate the effects of solarisation using transparent plastic along with planting date and first irrigation on the population of bulb mite, yield of saffron, size of corms produced and extent of corm infection. Solarisation significantly decreased the mite population and increased the saffron yield (P<0.01). Increased yields were achieved by planting in June rather than in September. However, the use of irrigation immediately after planting in June increased the mite population and decreased saffron yields. A combination of solarisation in the first year and planting in June of the next year with no irrigation after planting resulted in a reduction of 94% in the population of the mites and a 3.48-fold increase in saffron yield. In Iran, saffron corms should be planted in June but not irrigated until September. If planting does occur in September then irrigation should be applied immediately after planting. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Plant Protection Research Department, Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln, New Zealand AU - Rahimi, H. AU - Golestan, M. N. AU - Kakhki, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.108 KW - Irrigation Mite Planting date Saffron Solarisation M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Rahimi, H.; Plant Protection Research Department, Research and Education Center, AREEOIran; email: h.rahimi@areeo.ac.ir References: Ahmadian Yazdi, A., (2002) The Disinfections by Soil Solarization and Common Methods for Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Spp.), p. 33. , Final Report Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi. (In Persian); (2013) Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture 2013, , www.Koaj.ir, Anonymous, Agriculture Organization of Khorasan Razavi province (In Persian); (2014) Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture 2014, , www.Koaj.ir, Anonymous, Agriculture Organization of Khorasan Razavi province, (In Persian); (2015) Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture 2015, , www.Koaj.ir, Anonymous, Agriculture Organization of Khorasan Razavi province, (In Persian); (2015) Meteorological Data Unit Gonabad City, , Anonymous. (In Persian); Gerson, U., Smiley, R.L., (1990) Acarine Biocontrol Agents. An Illustrated Key and Manual, p. 174. , Chapman and Hall, London; Ghobadi, F., Ghorbani Javid, M., Sorooshzadeh, A., Effects of planting date and corm size on flower yield and physiological traits of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under Varamin plain climatic conditions (2015) Saffron Agronomy & Technology, 2 (4), pp. 265-276. , (In Persian with English Summary); Gill, H.K., Aujla Iqbal, S., De Bellis, L., Luvisi, A., The role of soil solarization in India: How an unnoticed practice could support pest control Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, p. 1515. , 2107; Katan, J., Soil solarization research as a model for the development of new methods of disease control (1992) Phytoparasitica, 20, pp. 133-135; Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Fallahi, J., Aghvany Shajari, M., The effects of planting date and irrigation of spring, summer and fall with the use of cover crops on forage yield of saffron (2011) The First National Conference on Strategies to Achieve Sustainable Agriculture, , http://www.civilica.com/Paper-CAAMSA01-CAAMSA01-127.html, Ahvaz, Khuzestan province PNU. (In Persian with English summary); Koocheki, A.R., Rezvani-Moghaddam, P., Fallahi, H.R., Effects of planting dates, irrigation management and cover crops on growth and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L) (2015) Agroecology, , (Accepted for Publication). (In Persian with English Summary); Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Fallahi, H.R., Aghhavani, M., The study of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) replacement corms growth in response to planting date, irrigation management and companion crops (2016) Saffron Agronomy & Technology, 4 (1), pp. 3-18; Mollafilabi, A., Shoorideh, H., The new method of saffron production (2009) 4th National Festival of Saffron, , Zaveh, Iran. 27-28 October 2009; Mauromicale, G., Lo Monaco, A., Longo, A.M.G., Improved efficiency of soil solarization for growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes (2010) Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30, pp. 753-761. , www.agronomy-journal.org; Mousavi, M., Taymoory, F., Evaluate the effects of the solar heat and the plastic coating on weed populations and soil nematodes in vegetable fields (1992) The First Seminar Vegetable Research, pp. 98-99. , Karaj. (In Persian); Ono, M., Ando, S., Morita, S., Control of the bulb mites R. robini Claparede and Caloglyphus spp. on Chinese chive Allium tuberosum by solar heating (1993) Proceedings of the Association of Plant Protection of Kyushu, 39, pp. 117-118; Rahimi, H., Kamali, K., Laboratory studies on biology of bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini (Acari: Acaridae) and its damages on saffron corm in Gonabad and Qaen (1993) The Scientific Journal of Agriculture, 16, pp. 53-63. , (In Persian with English summary); Rahimi, H., Mokhtarian, A., Bazoobandi, M., Rahimi, H., Kiani, M., Behdad, M., Effects of sowing depth and summer irrigation on Rhizoglyphus robini (Acari: Acaridae) population in Gonabad (2008) Applied Entomology and Phytopathplogy, 76 (1), pp. 1-12. , (In Persian with English summary); Rahimi, H., Dadmand, M., Torabi, E., Rahimi, H., Torabi, H., Araghi, M., Investigating the effects of soil solarization on saffron field against bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini) (2013) Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 36 (2), pp. 1-15. , (In Persian with English summary); Sadeghi, B., Aghamiri, A., Negari, A., Adopting summer irrigation to increase saffron yield (2003) Proceedings of the 3rd National Saffron Congress, pp. 171-172. , Mashhad, Iran(In Persian) PY - 2018 SP - 93-101 ST - Exploring the impact of non-chemical methods on the control of bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini Claparède) and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Exploring the impact of non-chemical methods on the control of bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini Claparède) and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051652121&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.108&partnerID=40&md5=a18886195e2f7446a199c89e9e10273b VL - 71 ID - 1138 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The choice of groundcover plants used under grapevines may reduce the quantity of mealybugs found on grapevines in New Zealand vineyards. Preferences of Pseudococcus calceolariae and P. longispinus mealybugs on five clover cultivars were tested under 'nochoice' and 'choice' conditions. Two plants of each cultivar: 'Karridale'(KS) (Trifolium subterraneum); 'Tripoli' (TW), 'Nomad' (N) (T. repens); 'Crimson cv' (C) (T. incarnatum); and 'Strawberry cv' (S) (T. fragiferum) grown in pots, were arranged in randomised designs for the no-choice and choice tests and inoculated with newly emerged mealybugs. In the no-choice test, significantly more mealybugs (either species) were observed on KS and C than on TW, N, or S plants after 21 days. In the choice test, significantly more P. calceolariae were observed on KS than on TW, N, or S, while mealybug numbers on C were intermediate. Numbers of P. longispinus were significantly higher on KS and C than on TW, N or S. Mealybugs demonstrated preferences for KS and C over TW, N or S. These findings could aid development of recommendations for groundcover management in vineyards. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Mt Albert, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hawke's Bay Research Centre, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, 4157, New Zealand AU - Sandanayaka, W. R. M. AU - Davis, V. A. AU - Jesson, L. K. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.138 KW - Clover Development Ground cover Mealybug preference Survival M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Sandanayaka, W.R.M.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Mt Albert, New Zealand; email: Manoharie.Sandanayaka@plantandfood.co.nz References: Almeida, R.P.P., Tsai, C., Daane, K.M., The role of seasonality on mealybug transmission of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses: An ecological hypothesis (2009) 16th Meeting of the International Council for the Study of Virus and Virus-like Diseases of the Grapevine, p. 278; Bell, V.A., Bonfiglioli, R.G.E., Walker, J.T.S., Lo, P.L., Mackay, J.F., McGregor, S.E., Grapevine leafroll-associated Virus 3 persistence in Vitis vinifera remnant roots (2009) Journal of Plant Pathology, 91, pp. 527-533; Charles, J.G., Bell, V.A., Lo, P.L., Cole, L.M., Chhagan, A., Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and their natural enemies in New Zealand vineyards from 1993-2009 (2010) New Zealand Entomologist, 33, pp. 84-91; Da Veiga, M., Feldberg, N.P., Nava, G., Bettoni, J.C., Winter cover crops affecting physical and chemical soil attributes in a commercial vineyard (2017) Ciencia Rural, 47, p. e20160827; Hartwig, N.L., Ammon, H.U., 50th Anniversary - Invited article - Cover crops and living mulches (2002) Weed Science, 50, pp. 688-699; Petersen, C.L., Charles, J.G., Transmission of grapevine leafroll associated closteroviruses by Pseudococcus longispinus and P.calceolariae (1997) Plant Pathology, 46, pp. 509-515; Prator, C.A., Kashiwagi, C.M., Vončina, D., Almeida, R.P.P., Infection and colonization of Nicotiana benthamiana by Grapevine leafrollassociated virus 3 (2017) Virology, 510, pp. 60-66; (2017) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , https://www.R-project.org/, R Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Tsai, C.W., Chau, J., Fernandez, L., Bosco, D., Daane, K.M., Almeida, R.P.P., Transmission of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 by the vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) (2008) Phytopathology, 98, pp. 1093-1098 PY - 2018 SP - 248-254 ST - Mealybug preference among clover cultivars: Testing potential groundcover plants to dissociate mealybugs from grapevines T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Mealybug preference among clover cultivars: Testing potential groundcover plants to dissociate mealybugs from grapevines UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051637687&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.138&partnerID=40&md5=2228c7566b5eaa4573b37fc09c83ff90 VL - 71 ID - 1124 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To develop a fast phenotyping method for European canker resistance of apple, detached-shoot assays were compared with whole-tree phenotyping methods. Disease incidence and lesion length in detached shoots and potted trees of six apple accessions were compared after inoculation with Neonectria ditissima conidia in a glasshouse. Detached shoots were placed in aerated water or in a Chrysal solution, with and without water changes. 'Royal Gala' trees had the highest disease incidence (90%) and 'Robusta 5' trees remained lesion-free. The treatment-accession interaction effect was significant, with higher disease incidence in detached shoots of 'Robusta 5' (4-32%) than 'Braeburn' (0-2%), while 'Braeburn' trees had a high disease incidence (64%). 'Robusta 5' had smaller lesions than the other accessions, but significant differences between accessions were observed on only one of three assessment dates. None of the detached-shoot assays resulted in a similar ranking of the accessions compared with the potted-tree assay, using disease incidence or lesion length. Detached-shoot treatments cannot replace whole-tree assays when phenotyping for European canker resistance of apple. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, 4130, New Zealand PFR, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand AU - Scheper, R. W. A. AU - Fisher, B. M. AU - Taylor, T. AU - Hedderley, D. I. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.137 KW - Detached shoots Disease incidence Disease resistance European canker Lesion length Nectria galligena Neonectria galligena Phenotyping Potted trees M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Scheper, R.W.A.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 1401, New Zealand; email: reiny.scheper@plantandfood.co.nz References: Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., Fisher, B., Walter, M., Smits, J.M., Jesson, L.K., The effect of wood age on infection by Neonectria ditissima through artificial wounds on different of apple cultivars (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 97-105; Bus, V., Singla, G., Ward, S., Brewer, L., Morgan, C., Bowatte, D., Bassett, H., Gardiner, S.E., Progress in pipfruit resistance breeding and research at Plant & Food Research (2017) Acta Horticulturae, 1172, pp. 7-14; Garkava-Gustavsson, L., Ghasemkhani, M., Zborowska, A., Englund, J.E., Lateur, M., Van De Weg, E., Approaches for evaluation of resistance to European canker (Neonectria ditissima) in apple (2016) Acta Horticulturae, 1127, pp. 75-81; Garkava-Gustavsson, L., Zborowska, A., Sehic, J., Rur, M., Nybom, H., Englund, J.E., Lateur, M., Holefors, A., Screening of apple cultivars for resistance to European canker, Neonectria ditissima (2013) Acta Horticulturae, 976, pp. 529-536; Ghasemkhani, M., Liljeroth, E., Sehic, J., Zborowska, A., Nybom, H., Cut-off shoots method for estimation of partial resistance in apple cultivars to fruit tree canker caused by Neonectria ditissima (2015) Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 65, pp. 412-421; Ghasemkhani, M., Sehic, J., Ahmadi-Afzadi, M., Nybom, H., Garkava-Gustavsson, L., Screening for partial resistance to fruit tree canker in apple cultivars (2015) Acta Horticulturae, 1099, pp. 687-690; Gomez-Cortecero, A., Saville, R.J., Scheper, R.W.A., Bowen, J.K., De Medeiros, H.A., Kingsnorth, J., Xu, X.M., Harrison, R.J., Variation in host and pathogen in the Neonectria/Malus interaction; Toward an understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to European canker (2016) Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, p. 1365; Scheper, R.W.A., Fisher, B.M., Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Effect of culture medium, light and air circulation on sporulation of Neonectria ditissima (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 123-132; Scheper, R.W.A., Frijters, L., Fisher, B.M., Hedderley, D.I., Effect of freezing of Neonectria ditissima inoculum on its pathogenicity (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 257-263; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (Nectria galligena) (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Van De Weg, W.E., Screening for resistance to Nectria galligena Bres. in cut shoots of apple (1989) Euphytica, 42, pp. 233-240; Weber, R.W.S., Biology and control of the apple canker fungus Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. galligena) from a Northwestern European perspective (2014) Erwerbs-Obstbau, 56, pp. 95-107; Zeller, S.M., European canker of pomaceous fruit trees (1926) Oregon Agricultural College Experimental Station Bulletin, 222, pp. 1-52 PY - 2018 SP - 151-157 ST - Detached shoot treatments cannot replace wholetree assays when phenotyping for apple resistance to Neonectria ditissima T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Detached shoot treatments cannot replace wholetree assays when phenotyping for apple resistance to Neonectria ditissima UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051624816&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.137&partnerID=40&md5=f99431b8d87ce1c1c4477901338a63d5 VL - 71 ID - 1134 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Almost all of the original native vegetation of Canterbury Plains has been replaced with an arable landscape of managed exotic vegetation. A previous study planted small areas of native trees on arable farms in 2013 to enhance the abundance and diversity of beneficial insect crop pollinators. The aim of the current study was to assess insect flower visitation at three sites in the fifth year after planting. Weekly standardised surveys of native flower visitors were conducted between September 2017 and February 2018. A total of 2349 insects from 37 taxa were observed within three native plantings. Native bees (Lasioglossum sordidum 20%) and the honey bee, Apis mellifera (19%), were the most common followed by the large hoverfly, Melangyna novaezelandiae (16%). The calliphorid flies, brown blowfly Calliphora stygia (8%) and blue blowfly Calliphora vicina (6%), were also well represented. The most abundant insects visited four or more of the eight study plant species. Most (52%) of the flower visitors where natives. Many of these insects are known crop pollinators and it is likely that they assist with crop pollination. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand AU - Schmidlin, F. G. AU - Sullivan, J. J. AU - Bowie, M. H. AU - Howlett, B. G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.170 KW - Agriculture Crop pollination Ecosystem services Native restoration Pollination Pollinator resource Semi-natural habitats M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Schmidlin, F.G.; Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, New Zealand; email: Franziska.Schmidlin@lincolnuni.ac.nz References: Breitwieser, I., Ward, J.M., Transfer of Cassinia leptophylla (Compositae) to Ozothamnus (1997) New Zealand Journal of Botany, 35 (1), pp. 125-128; Davidson, M.M., Howlett, B.G., Butler, R.C., Taylor, N.M., Walker, M.K., The influence of shelterbelts in arable farmland on beneficial and pest invertebrates (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 367-372; Dicks, L.V., Baude, M., Roberts, S.P.M., Phillips, J., Green, M., Carvell, C., How much flower-rich habitat is enough for wild pollinators? Answering a key policy question with incomplete knowledge (2015) Ecological Entomology, 40, pp. 22-35; Donovan, B.J., Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Relocation and establishment of nesting populations of the native bee Leioproctus huakiwi Donovan (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) (2010) New Zealand Entomologist, 33, pp. 109-113; Dynes, R.A., Burggraaf, V.T., Goulter, C.G., De, D., (2010) Canterbury Farming: Production, Processing and Farming Systems, , https://www.grassland.org.nz/publications/nzgrassland-publication-5.pdf, (accessed 13 April 2018); Fontaine, C., Dajoz, I., Meriguet, J., Loreau, M., Functional diversity of plant-pollinator interaction webs enhances the persistence of plant communities (pollinator diversity and ecosystem sustainability) (2006) PLoS Biology, 4 (1); Fukuda, Y., Moller, H., Burns, B., Effects of organic farming, fencing and vegetation origin on spiders and beetles within shelterbelts on dairy farms (2011) New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 54 (3), pp. 155-176; Garibaldi, L.A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Aizen, M.A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S.A., Kremen, C., Afik, O., Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey-bee abundance (2013) Science, 339, pp. 1608-1611; Howlett, B.G., Donovan, B.J., McCallum, J.A., Newstrom, L.E., Teulon, D.A.J., Between and within field variability of New Zealand native flower visitors to onions (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, pp. 213-218; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Donovan, B.J., Teulon, D.A.J., Window traps and direct observations record similar arthropod flower visitor assemblages in two mass flowering crops (2009) Journal of Applied Entomology, 133 (7), pp. 553-564; Howlett, B.G., Walker, M.K., Rader, R., Butler, R.C., Newstrom-Lloyd, L.E., Teulon, D.A.J., Can insect body pollen counts be used to estimate pollen deposition on pak choi stigmas? (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 25-31; Howlett, B.G., Hybrid carrot seed crop pollination by the fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2012) Journal of Applied Entomology, 136 (6), pp. 421-430; Howlett, B.G., Davidson, M.M., Mathers, D., Pyke, N.B., Hedgerow plants to support crop pollination and pest management (2013) The Weta, 46, pp. 3-12; Howlett, B.G., Butler, R.C., Nelson, W.R., Donovan, B., (2013) Impact of Climate Change on Crop Pollinator Activity in New Zealand, , www.mpi.govt.nz/document-vault/4101, MPI Technical Paper No: 2013/30, Ministry for Primary Industries(accessed 13 April 2018). 45 pp; Howlett, B.G., Lankin-Vega, G.O., De, P., Native and introduced bee abundances on carrot seed crops in New Zealand (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 373-379; Howlett, B.G., Davidson, M.M., De, P., Walker, M.K., Nelson, W.R., Seasonality of calliphorid and sarcophagid flies across Canterbury arable farms requiring pollinators (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 290-295; Howlett, B.G., Evans, L.J., De, P., Nelson, W.R., Stigmatic pollen delivery by flies and bees: Methods comparing multiple species within a pollinator community (2017) Basic and Applied Ecology, 19, pp. 19-25; Jauker, F., Diekotter, T., Schwarzbach, F., Wolters, V., Pollinator dispersal in an agricultural matrix: Opposing responses of wild bees and hoverflies to landscape structure and distance from main habitat (2009) Landscape Ecology, 24 (4), pp. 547-555; Klein, A., Vaissiere, B., Cane, J., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Cunningham, S., Kremen, C., Tscharntke, T., Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops (2007) Proceedings. Biological Sciences, 274 (1608), pp. 303-313; Lentini, P.E., Martin, T.G., Gibbons, P., Fischer, J., Cunningham, S.A., Supporting wild pollinators in a temperate agricultural landscape: Maintaining mosaics of natural features and production (2012) Biological Conservation, 149 (1), pp. 84-92; Maldonado, M.B., Lomascolo, S.B., Vazquez, D.P., The importance of pollinator generalization and abundance for the reproductive success of a generalist plant (2013) PLoS ONE 2013, 8 (10), p. e75482; Mesa, L.A., Howlett, B.G., Grant, J.E., Didham, R.K., Changes in the relative abundance and movement of insect pollinators during the flowering cycle of Brassica rapa crops: Implications for gene flow (2013) Journal of Insect Science, 13, p. 13; Morandin, L.A., Kremen, C., Hedgerow restoration promotes pollinator populations and exports native bees to adjacent fields (2013) Ecological Applications, 23 (4), pp. 829-839; Ponisio, L.C., M'Gonigle, L.K., Kremen, C., On-farm habitat restoration counters biotic homogenization in intensively managed agriculture (2016) Global Change Biology, 22 (2), pp. 704-715; Potts, S.G., Biesmeijer, J.C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O., Kunin, W.E., Global pollinator declines: Trends, impacts and drivers (2010) Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 25 (6), pp. 345-353; Rader, R., Howlett, B., Cunningham, S., Westcott, D., Newstrom-Lloyd, L., Walker, M., Teulon, D., Edwards, W., Alternative pollinator taxa are equally efficient, but not as effective as the honeybee in a mass flowering crop (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology, 46, pp. 1080-1087; Rader, R., Edwards, W., Westcott, D., Cunningham, S., Howlett, B., Pollen transport differs among bees and flies in a human-modified landscape (2011) Diversity and Distributions, 17, pp. 519-529; Rader, R., Reilly, J., Bartomeus, I., Winfree, R., Native bees buffer the negative impact of climate warming on honey bee pollination of watermelon crops (2013) Global Change Biology, 19, pp. 3103-3110; Rader, R., Bartomeus, I., Garibaldi, L.A., Garratt, M.P.D., Howlett, B.G., Winfree, R., Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination (2016) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113 (1), pp. 146-151; Stavert, J.R., De, P., Bartomeus, I., Gaskett, A.C., Beggs, J.R., Exotic flies maintain pollination services as native pollinators decline with agricultural expansion (2018) Journal of Applied Ecology, pp. 1-10; Venturini, E.M., Drummond, F.A., Hoshide, A.K., Dibble, A.C., Stack, L.B., Pollination reservoirs for wild bee habitat enhancement in cropping systems: A review (2017) Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 41 (2), pp. 101-142; Walker, M.K., Howlett, B.G., McCallum, J.A., Wallace, A.R., Teulon, D.A.J., Small arthropods as pollinators in a New Zealand pak choi field trial (2009) New Zealand Plant Protection, 62, pp. 92-98; Walker, M.K., Howlett, B.G., Wallace, A.R., McCallum, J.A., Teulon, D.A.J., The diversity and abundance of small arthropods in onion, Allium cepa, seed crops, and their potential role in pollination (2011) Journal of Insect Science, 11, p. 98 PY - 2018 SP - 198-206 ST - Insect flower visitors of planted native species within the arable landscape on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Insect flower visitors of planted native species within the arable landscape on the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051683667&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.170&partnerID=40&md5=fc4d6126c8078651c846cc9a13463835 VL - 71 ID - 1127 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fungal genera Ilyonectria and Dactylonectria are causal agents of black foot disease affecting grapevines. A New Zealand survey of grapevines symptomatic for this disease was conducted in 2005, and 11 D. pauciseptata isolates were recovered. The incidence of this disease has increased over the last decade so a multi-gene approach was used to accurately identify these isolates and to determine whether they could infect grapevine roots in vitro. Eight of the original 11 D. pauciseptata isolates remained viable and were recovered from storage. DNA sequencing, universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) and a detached root assay were used to characterise these eight isolates. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, β-tubulin, EF1-α and histone gene regions showed a monophyletic clade using the rRNA gene, EF1-α and histone gene, but paraphyletic based on β-tubulin. UP-PCR showed genetic diversity, with five major groups (P<0.01), with major groups concordant with the β-tubulin phylogeny. Pathogenicity tests with two common rootstocks showed that isolates produced lesions. Two distinct groups of D. pauciseptata were identified. Both groups are capable of infecting grapevine roots. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand AU - Sheng, Y. AU - Jones, E. E. AU - Ridgway, H. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.157 KW - Black foot Dactylonectria pauciseptata Grapevine Pathogenicity M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Ridgway, H.J.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, New Zealand; email: Hayley.Ridgway@plantandfood.co.nz References: Agrios, G.N., (2005) Plant Pathology, Fifth Edition., p. 922. , Elsevier Academic Press Publication, London, UK; Agusti-Brisach, C., Armengol, J., Black-foot disease of grapevine: An update on taxonomy, epidemiology and management strategies (2013) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 52, pp. 245-261; Aiello, D., Guarnaccia, V., Epifani, F., Perrone, G., Polizzi, G., 'Cylindrocarpon' and Ilyonectria species causing root and crown rot disease of potted Laurustinus plants in Italy (2014) Journal of Phytopathology; Alaniz, S., Armengol, J., Leon, M., Garcia-Jimenez, J., Abad-Campos, P., Analysis of genetic and virulence diversity of Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. Macrodidymum associated with black foot disease of grapevine (2009) Mycological Research, 113, pp. 16-23; Baskarathevan, J., Jaspers, M.V., Jones, E.E., Cruickshank, R., Ridgway, H.J., Genetic and pathogenicity diversity of Neofusicoccum parvum in New Zealand vineyards (2012) Fungal Biology, 116, pp. 276-288; Bleach, M.C., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M.V., Survey for black foot decline in New Zealand vineyards (2006) Proceedings of the 4th Australasian Soil Borne Diseases Symposium; Bulat, S.A., Lubeck, M., Mironenko, N., Jensen, D.F., Lubeck, P.F., UP-PCR analysis and ITS1 ribotyping of strains of Trichoderma and Gliocladium (1998) Mycological Research, 102, pp. 933-943; Cabral, A., Groenewald, Z.J., Rego, C., Oliveira, H., Crous, W.P., Cylindrocarpon root rot: Multi-gene analysis reveals novel species within the Ilyonectria radicicola species complex (2012) Mycological Progress, 11, pp. 655-688; Carbone, I., Anderson, J.B., Kohn, L.M., Patterns of descent in clonal lineages and their multilocus fingerprints are resolved with combined gene genealogies (1999) Evolution, 53, pp. 11-21; Clarke, K.R., Ainsworth, M., A method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables (1993) Marine Ecology Progress Series, 92, pp. 205-219; Crous, P.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Risede, J.M., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs: Species with sphaeropedunculate vesicles (2004) Studies in Mycology, 50, pp. 415-429; Cumagen, C.J.R., Hockenhull, J., Lubeck, M., Characterization of Trichoderma isolates from Philippine rice fields by UP-PCR and rDNA-ITS1 analysis: Identification of UPPCR markers (2000) Journal of Phytopathology-Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 148, pp. 109-115; Dos Santos, R.F., Blume, E., Muniz, M.F.B., Steckling, S.M., Burtet, G.W., First report of "Cylindrocarpon" pauciseptatum associated with black foot disease of grapevine in Brazil (2014) Plant Disease, 98, p. 567; Erper, I., Agusti-Brisach, C., Tunali, B., Armengol, J., Characterization of root rot disease of kiwifruit in the Black Sea region of Turkey (2013) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 136, pp. 291-300; Halleen, F., Schroers, H.J., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Novel species of Cylindrocarpon (Neonectria) and Campylocarpon gen. nov. associated with black foot disease of grapevines (Vitis spp.) (2004) Studies in Mycology, 50, pp. 431-455; Lombard, L., Van Der Merwe, N.A., Groenewald, J.L., Crous, P.W., Lineages in Nectriaceae: Reevaluating the generic status of Ilyonectria and allied genera (2014) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 53, pp. 515-532; Lubeck, P.S., Alekhina, I.A., Lubeck, M., Bulat, S.A., UP-PCR genotyping and rDNA analysis of Ascochyta pisi Lib (1998) Journal of Phytopathology, 146, pp. 51-55; Martin, M.T., Martin, L., Cuesta, M.J., Garcia-Benavides, P., First report of Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum associated with grapevine decline from Castilla y Leon, Spain (2011) Plant Disease, 95, p. 361; Pathrose, B., (2012) Characterising Sub-species Variation in New Zealand Cylindrocarpon Species That Cause Black Foot of Grapevines, , PhD thesis, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Pathrose, B., Jones, E.E., Jaspers, M.V., Ridgway, H.J., Development of a grapevine detached root assay for assessing pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon spp (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection, 63, pp. 24-27; Petit, E., Gubler, W.D., Characterization of Cylindrocarpon species, the cause of black foot disease of grapevine in California (2005) Plant Disease, 89, pp. 1051-1059; Pottinger, B., Stewart, A., Carpenter, M., Ridgway, H.J., Low genetic variation detected in New Zealand populations of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (2002) Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 41, pp. 199-211; Saitou, N., Nei, M., The neighbour-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees (1987) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4, pp. 406-425; Schroers, H.J., Zerjav, M., Munda, A., Halleen, F., Crous, P.W., Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum sp. nov., with notes on Cylindrocarpon species with wide, predominantly 3-septate macroconidia (2008) Mycological Research, 112, pp. 82-92; Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., Kumar, S., MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods (2011) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, pp. 2731-2739; Tewoldemedhin, Y.T., Mazzola, M., Mostert, L., McLeod, A., Cylindrocarpon species associated with apple tree roots in South Africa and their quantification using realtime PCR (2011) European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129, pp. 637-651; Urbez-Torres, J.R., Haag, P., Bowen, P., O'Gorman, D.T., Grapevine trunk diseases in British Columbia: Incidence and characterization of the fungal pathogens associated with black foot disease of grapevine (2014) Plant Disease, 98, pp. 456-468; White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics (1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, pp. 315-322. , In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, eds. Academic Press, New York, USA PY - 2018 SP - 1-9 ST - Genetic diversity in Dactylonectria pauciseptata associated with black foot disease in New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Genetic diversity in Dactylonectria pauciseptata associated with black foot disease in New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051640567&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.157&partnerID=40&md5=4da8708ee213c681cc6309d861414b9d VL - 71 ID - 1116 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), native to Asia including China, is a major invasive horticultural and crop pest in North America and Europe, and now threatens the southern hemisphere. BMSB has not established in New Zealand although it is regularly intercepted at its borders. Relatively little is known about the impact of BMSB on kiwifruit, an important horticultural crop in New Zealand; at least in English language literature. Searches were conducted in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) platform using Chinese characters for BMSB () and kiwifruit (), and also in English, in international platforms. We identified 17 and eight publications, respectively, indicating that BMSB and yellow spotted stinkbug (YSSB) (and) are major pests of kiwifruit in China. Little information on BMSB or YSSB and their pest status in kiwifruit was found in English language searches in international platforms. Searching Chinese databases with Chinese characters in combination with searches in international databases is necessary to ensure comprehensive coverage for biosecurity risk assessment. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand Better Border Biosecurity (B3), New Zealand AU - Teulon, D. A. J. AU - Xu, B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.163 KW - Actinidia Biosecurity risk assessment Brown marmorated stink bug China Erthesina fullo Halyomorpha halys Kiwifruit Yellow spotted stink bug M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Teulon, D.A.J.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, New Zealand; email: David.Teulon@plantandfood.co.nz References: (2014) Yellow Spotted Stink Bug, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/100435, Anon, Ministry for Primary Industries. Wellington, New Zealand (accessed March 2018); (2015) Specialty Crops at Risk to BMSB Damage, , www.stopbmsb.org/whereisbmsb/crops-at-risk/, Anon. USDA (accessed April 2018); (2017) Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, , https://www.mpi.govt.nz/protectionand-response/responding/alerts/brownmarmorated-stink-bug/, Anon(accessed 18 March 2018); (2017) BMSB - Kiwifruit Impacts and On-orchard Management, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/103548, Anon, Kiwifruit Vine Health (accessed March 2018); Cai, L., Dong, M., Du, X., The occurrence rule of brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys and its control strategies in the suburb of Beijing (2008) Northern Horticulture, 11, pp. 166-168. , In Chinese; Cui, X., Li, N., Li, X., Hu, Q., Bu, W., Recognition of late instars of nymphs among nine stinkbug species injuring crops and trees (2017) Plant Protection, 1 (43), pp. 83-88. , In Chinese; Du, C., Fu, Z., Zhao, H., Structure and dynamics of arthropod communities in kiwifruit orchards (2011) Journal of Northwest A & F University (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 39 (11), pp. 89-96. , In Chinese; Duthie, C., (2012) Risk Analysis of Halyomorpha Halys (Brown Marmorated Stink Bug) on All Pathways, , Ministry for Primary Industries. Wellington; Faundez, E.I., Rider, D.A., The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stal, 1855) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Chile (2017) Arquivos Entomoloxicos, 17, pp. 305-307; Feng, H., The occurrence and control of pests in kiwifruit orchards (2007) Northwest Horticulture, 12, p. 22. , In Chinese; Ferguson, A.R., Kiwifruit in the world - 2014 (2015) Acta Horticulturae, 1096, pp. 33-46; (2017) Fresh Facts. New Zealand Horticulture, , http://www.freshfacts.co.nz/, Freshfacts, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research (accessed March 2018); Gao, N., Yang, F., The calendar of managing major kiwifruit diseases and pests (2017) Northwest Horticulture, 1, p. 32. , In Chinese; Ge, Z., The standards and management of young kiwifruit trees in the Shanghai region (2012) Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 1, pp. 61-63. , In Chinese; (2018) Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) Operational Agreement (OA), , http://www.gia.org.nz/Activities/BMSB-Council, GIA, Government Industry Agreement for Biosecurity Readiness and Response (accessed March 2018); Guo, X., Shi, X., The biology and integrated management of important kiwifruit pests in Shaanxi province (2003) China Fruits, 1, pp. 45-46. , In Chinese; Haye, T., Gariepy, T., Hoelmer, K., Rossi, J.-P., Streito, J.-C., Tassus, X., Nicolas Desneux, N., Range expansion of the invasive brown marmorated stinkbug, Halyomorpha halys: An increasing threat to field, fruit and vegetable crops worldwide (2015) Journal of Pest Science; Huang, H., Ferguson, A.R., Kiwifruit in China (2001) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 29 (1), pp. 1-14; (2016) Most Unwanted, , http://www.kvh.org.nz/vdb/document/99225, Kiwifruit Vine Health (accessed March 2018); Lara, J.R., Kamiyama, M., Hernandez, G., Lewis, M., Hoddle, M.S., Laboratory assessment of feeding injury and preference of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), for Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa 'Hayward' (ZespriR Green) and Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis 'Zesy002' (ZespriR SunGold) (2018) New Zealand Entomologist; Lee, D.-H., Short, B.D., Joseph, S.V., Bergh, J.C., Leskey, T.C., Review of the biology, ecology, and management of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (2013) Environmental Entomology, 42, pp. 627-641; Leskey, T.C., Nielsen, A.L., Impact of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug in North America and Europe: History, biology, ecology, and management (2018) Annual Review of Entomology, 63, pp. 599-618; Li, X., Yin, X., Ma, L., Liu, Y., Fu, J., Liu, X., Halyomorpha halys behaviour and their application for control (2007) Journal of Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 35 (10), pp. 139-145. , In Chinese; MacFarlane, R.P., Maddison, P.A., Andrew, I.G., Berry, J.A., Johns, P.M., Hoare, R.J.B., Lariviere, M.-C., Burckhardt, D., Phylum Arthropoda. Subphylum Hexapoda. Protura, springtails, diplura, and insects (Chapter 9) (2010) New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity Volume 2. Kingdom Animalia. Chaetognatha, Ecdysozoa, Ichnofossils, pp. 233-467. , In: Gordon, DP ed. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand; Maistrello, L., Dioli, P., Bariselli, M., Mazzoli, G.L., Giacalone-Forini, I., Citizen science and early detection of invasive species: Phenology of first occurrences of Halyomorpha halys in southern Europe (2016) Biological Invasions, 18, pp. 3109-3116; Mi, H., Zhang, H., Liu, B., Main technologies of pest management on Shaanxi organic kiwifruit production (2007) Academic Periodical of Farm Products Processing, 94 (3), pp. 85-87. , In Chinese; Mi, Q.Q., Zhang, J.P., Han, Y.X., Yan, Y.C., Zhang, B.X., Li, D.S., Zhang, F., Releases of Trissolcus japonicus and Anastatus sp. for suppression of Halyomorpha halys in kiwifruit orchards (2017) Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, , Langkawi, Malaysia, September 11-15, 2017. Abstract only; Normile, D., (2017) Science Suffers As China's Internet Censors Plug Holes in Great Firewall, , http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/08/science-suffers-china-s-internet-censorsplug-holes-great-firewall, (accessed March 2018); Rice, K.B., Bergh, C.J., Bergmann, E.J., Biddinger, D.J., Dieckhoff, C., Dively, G., Fraser, H., Tooker, J.F., Biology, ecology, and management of brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (2014) Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 5, pp. A1-13; Rider, D.A., Zheng, L.Y., Kerzhner, I.M., Checklist and nomenclatural notes on the Chinese Pentatomidae (Heteroptera). II. Pentatominae (2002) Zoosystematica Rossica, 11, pp. 135-153; Song, X., Zheng, W., Zhang, X., Ma, S., Investigation of kiwifruit pests and diseases in Shaanxi Province (1997) Forest Pest and Disease, 4, pp. 17-19. , In Chinese; Song, X., Wang, P., Zhang, X., Ma, S., Li, Y., Investigation and analysis on occurrence and damage of diseases and pests on kiwifruit in the Shaanxi province (1998) Journal of Northwest Forestry College, 13 (3), pp. 79-84. , In Chinese; (2017) Global New Zealand - International Trade, Investment, and Travel Profile: Year Ended December 2014, , http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse-for-stats/industry-sectors/imports-and-exports/global-nz-dec-16/key-points.aspx, Statistics New Zealand . (Accessed March 2018); Sun, T., (2017) Food and Health, 6, p. 18; Teulon, D.A.J., Xu, B., Chinese language publications are important for understanding the likely impact of brown marmorated stink bug to kiwifruit (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, p. 316. , Abstract only; (2018) Markets and Stats, , https://www.tourismnewzealand.com/markets-stats/, Tourism New Zealand (accessed March 2018); Vanneste, J.L., The scientific, economic, and social impacts of the New Zealand outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae) (2017) Annual Review of Phytopathology, 55, pp. 377-399; Xu, B., Shaw, N., Gee, M., Teulon, D.A.J., A quantitative comparison of articles on two pests and two pathogens of biosecurity risk to New Zealand extracted from international and Chinese databases (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 176-185; Yang, Q., Xie, Z., Wang, L., Yang, X., Hu, N., The biology of kiwifruit pests and OPM techniques in organic orchards of Hubei province (2014) Southern Fruit Trees, 43 (6), pp. 132-134. , In Chinese; Yang, Z.-Q., Yao, Y.-X., Qiu, L.-F., Li, Z.-X., A new species of Trissolcus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing eggs of Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in China with comments on its biology (2009) Annals of Entomological Society of America, 102, pp. 39-47; Zhao, Y., Qu, X., The control of pests and diseases during the kiwifruit dormant period (2008) Fruit Growers' Friend, 12, pp. 31-32. , In Chinese; Zhang, F., Chen, Z., Zhang, S., The occurrence and control of Halyomorpha halys in kiwifruit orchards (2000) Northwest Horticulture, 2, p. 38. , In Chinese; Zhang, Y., Xu, J., Jia, H., Feng, H., Li, G., The integrated control of kiwifruit diseases and pests (2013) Fruit Growers' Friend, 10, p. 26. , In Chinese; Zhang, Y., Feng, H., Xu, J., Han, Y., Li, G., Du, Y., Investigation of kiwifruit diseases and pests in Xi'an and their characteristics (2014) Fruit Growers' Friend, 5, pp. 33-34. , In Chinese PY - 2018 SP - 140-150 ST - Biosecurity risks from stink bugs to New Zealand kiwifruit identified in Chinese language literature T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Biosecurity risks from stink bugs to New Zealand kiwifruit identified in Chinese language literature UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051638848&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.163&partnerID=40&md5=c5e40c406681789a5c18f497658cbd5b VL - 71 ID - 1117 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Some species in the genus Pyronota are known to be serious pests of pasture. The establishment of new dairy pastures on recently flipped soils on Cape Foulwind, Buller provided a unique opportunity to investigate the flight behaviour and biology of Pyronota festiva and P. setosa from 2008-2012. Flight behaviour was monitored by fixed-vane interruption traps and by field observations. Adults of both species flew through late spring/ early summer (Nov-Dec) of each year and seasonal flight timing was consistent between years. Pyronota festiva flight timing and duration were similar to those previously reported in the literature and were slightly female dominated. Pyronota setosa flights started one to two weeks in advance of P. festiva and were dominated by males (>95%). Female P. setosa were rarely observed flying and were rarely caught in sweep-net sampling. Pyronota setosa beetles were never observed swarming or congregating and feeding on the foliage of manuka. These differences in flight behaviour may help to explain the field observations that P. festiva can rapidly invade new pastures while P. setosa populations appear to spread more slowly. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - AgResearch, Lincoln Science Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, New Zealand PGG Wrightson Ltd, 57 Waterloo Road, Hornby, Christchurch, 8042, New Zealand AU - Townsend, R. J. AU - Dunbar, J. E. AU - Jackson, T. A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.175 KW - Buller Dispersal Flight behaviour Manuka beetle New Zealand M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Townsend, R.J.; AgResearch, Lincoln Science Centre, Private Bag 4749, New Zealand; email: richard.townsend@agresearch.co.nz References: Barratt, B.I.P., Distribution survey of soil insects at Millers Flat, Central Otago (1983) New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 11, pp. 83-87; Brown, J.G., (1963) Biology and Taxonomy of the Genus Pyronota Bois. (Melolonthinae, Coleoptera), , University of Canterbury, New Zealand Lincoln College; Cumber, R., Cowie, J., Grass grub populations in the soils of the Manawatu sand country (1954) New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 35, pp. 465-470; Given, B.B., Hoy, J., A revision of the Melolonthinae of New Zealand (1952) New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, 102, pp. 1-137; Henzell, R., Lauren, D., Cox, N., Crosby, T., Pottinger, R., Monitoring Costelytra zealandica flight with sex attractant traps (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1980) Proceedings of the 2nd Australasian Conference on Grassland Invertebrate Ecology, pp. 125-128. , Palmerston North, New Zealand 22-26 May 1978; Jackson, T.A., Townsend, R.J., Dunbar, J.E., Ferguson, C.M., Marshall, S.D.G., Zydenbos, S.M., Anticipating the unexpected- managing pasture pest outbreaks after large-scale land conversion (2012) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 74, pp. 147-152; Thomson, N.A., Miln, A.J., Kain, W.M., Biology of manuka beetle in Taranaki (1979) Proceedings of the New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference 1979, 32, pp. 80-85; Townsend, R.J., Nelson, T.L., Jackson, T.A., Beauveria brongniartii - A potential biocontrol agent for use against manuka beetle larvae damaging dairy pastures on Cape Foulwind (2010) New Zealand Plant Protection., 63, pp. 224-228; Zydenbos, S.M., Ferguson, C.M., Townsend, R.J., Dunbar, J.E., Peoples, S., Willoughby, B.E., Lane, P.M.S., Jackson, T.A., Decision tools for managing insect pest outbreaks in pastures (2013) Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 75, pp. 103-112 PY - 2018 SP - 255-261 ST - Flight behaviour of the manuka chafers, Pyronota festiva (Fabricius) and Pyronota setosa (Given) (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae), on the flipped soils of Cape Foulwind on the West Coast of New Zealand T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Flight behaviour of the manuka chafers, Pyronota festiva (Fabricius) and Pyronota setosa (Given) (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae), on the flipped soils of Cape Foulwind on the West Coast of New Zealand UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051666330&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.175&partnerID=40&md5=149183947d2ff3ff1b8885414666fa48 VL - 71 ID - 1136 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grass ground covers are often used in forestry to suppress weed germination, but little is known on how best to use grasses to suppress broom (Cytisus scoparius). In this field study, three grass species, Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), were sown at three rates in autumn and spring, then suppression of broom germination and survival of seedlings was measured. Scarified broom seeds sown at the same time as the grasses produced large numbers of competitive plants by the final assessment 12 months after sowing, regardless of the time of sowing, species of grass sown or rate of grass sown. However, no seedling emergence was recorded for the treatments in which broom seeds were sown 6 months after the grass ground cover had established. All three grass species established well, although only Yorkshire fog performed well in both seasons. Grass ground covers showed some potential to be used as part of weed management for broom in planted forests, but probably only if herbicides can also be used to control broom establishing at the same time as the grass. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand Scion, PO Box 29237, Christchurch, New Zealand AU - Tran, H. AU - Harrington, K. C. AU - Ghanizadeh, H. AU - Robertson, A. W. AU - Watt, M. S. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.142 KW - Broom Competition Ground cover Herbicide Weed control M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Harrington, K.C.; School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey UniversityNew Zealand; email: K.Harrington@massey.ac.nz References: Blakemore, L.C., Searle, P.L., Daly, B.K., (1987) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soils, p. 103. , New Zealand Soil Bureau Scientific Report 80; Harrington, T.B., Seed germination and seedling emergence of Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) (2009) Weed Science, 57 (6), pp. 620-626; Harrington, T.B., (2011) Quantifying Competitive Ability of Perennial Grasses to Inhibit Scotch Broom, p. 15. , Research Paper PNWRP-587. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; Hesse, P.R., (1971) A Textbook of Soil Chemical Analysis, p. 520. , John Murray, London; Hosking, J.R., Smith, J.M.B., Sheppard, A.W., The biology of Australian weeds 28. Cytisus scoparius (L) Link subsp. scoparius (1996) Plant Protection Quarterly, 11 (3), pp. 102-108; Little, K.M., Rolando, C.A., Morris, A.R., Impacts of under-canopy vegetation on stand growth in two pine saw-timber stands, South Africa (2018) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 48, p. 2; Parker, I.M., Safe site and seed limitation in Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom): Invasibility, disturbance, and the role of cryptogams in a glacial outwash prairie (2001) Biological Invasions, 3 (4), pp. 323-332; Perry, L.G., Cronin, S.A., Paschke, M.W., Native cover crops suppress exotic annuals and favor native perennials in a greenhouse competition experiment (2009) Plant Ecology, 204 (2), pp. 247-259; Peterson, D.J., Prasad, R., The biology of Canadian weeds. 109. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (1998) Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 78 (3), pp. 497-504; Richardson, B., Vegetation management practices in plantation forests of Australia and New Zealand (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23 (10), pp. 1989-2005; Richardson, B., Vanner, A., Ray, J., Balneaves, J., Effect of some common weed species on Pinus radiata growth at a dry South Island site (1997) Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 50, pp. 373-376; Richardson, B., Kimberley, M.O., Ray, J.W., Coker, G.W., Indices of interspecific plant competition for Pinus radiata in central north island of New Zealand (1999) Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29, pp. 898-905; Richardson, B., Whitehead, D., Root-zone water storage and growth of Pinus radiata in the presence of a broom understorey (2002) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 32 (2), pp. 208-220; Sheley, R.L., Krueger-Mangold, J., Principles for restoring invasive plant-infested rangeland (2003) Weed Science, 51 (2), pp. 260-265; Tran, H., (2013) The Ecology and Integrated Management of Broom (Cytisus Scoparius) in New Zealand Plantation Forests, , http://hdl.handle.net/10179/5468, PhD thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Tran, H., Harrington, K.C., Robertson, A.W., Watt, M.S., Assessment of herbicides for selectively controlling broom (Cytisus scoparius) growing with radiata pine (Pinus radiata) in New Zealand (2016) New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 46, p. 13 PY - 2018 SP - 57-65 ST - Suppression by three grass species of broom seedling emergence and survival T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Suppression by three grass species of broom seedling emergence and survival UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051667440&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.142&partnerID=40&md5=71c4ce6233179d6ee1292b90eeec4afa VL - 71 ID - 1131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The survival and spread over time of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines is poorly understood. Forty-eight 2-year-old vines of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa 'Hayward' and A. chinensis var. chinensis 'Hort16A' were inoculated 30 cm above the crown, either during the active growth (autumn) or dormant (winter) period in two successive years. Vines were cultivated for 3-4 years, after which bacterial isolations were made at intervals along the vines from crown to tip. Psa was found up to 220 cm above the inoculation point and, in some of the crowns, 30 cm below the inoculation point. The sites where Psa was found within vines were not always contiguous. Fewer vines of 'Hayward' developed serious symptoms or died than 'Hort16A'; however, more surviving vines of 'Hayward' were Psa-positive than those of 'Hort16A'. Psa was able to survive for at least 4 years in apparently healthy kiwifruit vines. This has implications for the movement of asymptomatic budwood to areas without Psa. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand AU - Tyson, J. L. AU - Manning, M. A. AU - Mellow, K. D. AU - Vergara, M. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.136 KW - Bacterial canker Enrichment Latency Psa QPCR Systemic migration M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Tyson, J.L.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, New Zealand; email: Joy.Tyson@plantandfood.co.nz References: Everett, K.R., Taylor, R.K., Romberg, M.K., Rees-George, J., Fullerton, R.A., Vanneste, J.L., Manning, M.A., First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae causing kiwifruit bacterial canker in New Zealand (2011) Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 6, pp. 67-71; Gao, X., Huang, Q., Zhao, Z., Han, Q., Ke, X., Qin, H., Huang, L., Studies on the infection, colonization, and movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae in kiwifruit tissues using a GFPuv-labeled strain (2016) PLoS One, 11 (3), p. e0151169; Hoyte, S., Reglinski, T., Elmer, P., Mauchline, N., Stannard, K., Casonato, S., Chee, A.A., Wurms, K., Developing and using bioassays to screen for Psa resistance in New Zealand kiwifruit (2015) Acta Horticulturae, 1095, pp. 171-180; King, E.O., Ward, M.K., De, R., Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin (1954) Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 44 (2), pp. 301-307; Minardi, P., Ardizzi, S., Lucchese, C., Bertaccini, A., Latent infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae in Actinidia chinensis cv. Hort16A asymptomatic plants: Five years of survival and colonization of a mutant virulent strain (2015) II International Psa Symposium, p. 19; Mohan, S.K., Schaad, N.W., An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae and P. s. pv.phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed (1987) Phytopathology, 77 (10), pp. 1390-1395; Rees-George, J., Vanneste, J.L., Cornish, D.A., Pushparajah, I.P.S., Yu, J., Templeton, M.D., Everett, K.R., Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based on the 16S-23S rDNA intertranscribed spacer region and comparison with PCR primers based on other gene regions (2010) Plant Pathology, 59 (3), pp. 453-464; Tyson, J.L., Rees-George, J., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., Fullerton, R.A., Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae on the orchard floor over winter (2012) New Zealand Plant Protection, 65, pp. 25-28; Tyson, J.L., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., Rees-George, J., Snelgar, W.P., Blattmann, P., Systemic movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae in kiwifruit vines in New Zealand (2014) New Zealand Plant Protection, 67, pp. 41-47; Tyson, J.L., Curtis, C.L., Manning, M.A., Dobson, S.J., McKenna, C.E., Preliminary investigations of the risk of plant debris as a Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae inoculum source (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 11-16; Tyson, J.L., Vergara, M.J., Butler, R.C., Seelye, J.F., Morgan, E.R., Survival, growth and detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae in Actinidia in vitro cultures (2017) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, pp. 1-15; Tyson, J.L., Manning, M.A., Curtis, C.L., Vergara, M.V., Dobson, S., McKenna, C.E., Beresford, R.M., Monitoring Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae inoculum production and infection in New Zealand over a three-year period (2017) IX International Symposium on Kiwifruit, p. 116. , (Book of abstracts) PY - 2018 SP - 45-50 ST - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae survival in pointinoculated kiwifruit vines T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae survival in pointinoculated kiwifruit vines UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051623668&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.136&partnerID=40&md5=4b4a0ad7c2290709fad20c2ca6bb2822 VL - 71 ID - 1147 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Neonectria ditissima, the causal agent of European canker in apples, conidia are available year-round in the Tasman region of New Zealand. Spore production and release in apple trees were quantified during natural and artificial rain events. Rain traps captured spores over 18 rain events (July-August 2017) from European canker lesions (excised and in planta) derived from 'Royal Gala' picking wound and rasp wound infections. Rain traps were monitored regularly to determine spore release over time. Differences in the number of conidia produced from lesions on the tree and excised lesions re-mounted in the tree were not significant. Lesions arising from picking wounds produced 7.2 times more spores on average than lesions arising from rasp wounds. Most spores were released within the first hour of rain and total spore release followed a logarithmic curve. Rain duration × volume of water determined the rate of conidia release. Excised lesions are suitable to study the effect of biotic and abiotic drivers on spore production. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Old Mill Rd, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Agroalimentaires (ENSAIA), 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54505, France AU - Walter, M. AU - Chevalier, C. E. AU - Turner, L. AU - Campbell, R. E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.131 KW - Cylindrocarpon heteronema European apple canker Nectria galligena Spore production Spore release M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Walter, M.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Old Mill Rd, New Zealand; email: monika.walter@plantandfood.co.nz References: Alves, S.A.M., Nunes, C.C., Seasonal susceptibility of apple trees to Neonectria ditissima wound infections (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 73-77; Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Beresford, R.M., Scheper, R.W.A., Seasonal wound presence and susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima infection in New Zealand apple trees (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 250-256; Amponsah, N.T., Walter, M., Scheper, R.W.A., Factors affection European canker spore release and availability in New Zealand apple orchards (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 78-86; Butt, D.J., Gunn, N.D., Xu, X.M., Release of Nectria galligena spores from apple cankers (1994) Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, (15), pp. 309-316; Campbell, R.E., Roy, S., Curnow, T., Walter, M., Monitoring methods and spatial patterns of European canker disease in commercial orchards (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 213-220; Dan, L.J., Doust, J.L., Eaton, G.W., The effect of European canker and its spatial pattern on four apple cultivars in British Columbia (1982) Journal of Applied Ecology, 19, pp. 603-609; Swinburne, T.R., European canker of apple (1975) Review of Plant Pathology, 54, pp. 787-799; Walter, M., Campbell, R.E., Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., Butler, R.C., Evaluation of biological and agrichemical products for control of Neoncectria ditissima conidia production (2017) New Zealand Plant Protection, 70, pp. 87-96; Walter, M., Roy, S., Fisher, B.M., Mackle, L., Amponsah, N.T., Curnow, T., Campbell, R.E., Scheper, R.W.A., How many conidia are required for wound infection of apple plants by Neonectria ditissima? (2016) New Zealand Plant Protection, 69, pp. 238-245; Walter, M., Stevenson, O.D., Amponsah, N.T., Scheper, R.W.A., Rainham, D., Hornblow, C., Kerer, U., Butler, R.C., Control of Neonectria ditissima with copper based products in New Zealand (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 241-249; Weber, R.W.S., Biology and control of the apple fungus canker Neonectria ditissima (syn. N. galligena) from a Northwestern European perspective (2014) Ewerbs-Obstbau PY - 2018 SP - 174-179 ST - Neonectria ditissima conidium production and release in planta T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Neonectria ditissima conidium production and release in planta UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051638939&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.131&partnerID=40&md5=5b86301a337fccd447433f9135283f6e VL - 71 ID - 1125 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rust diseases are serious threats to New Zealand cereal crops. Beside the use of fungicides, resistant varieties are an important option for managing these diseases. Changes in rust pathotypes commonly occur due to mutations in existing populations or exotic incursions. Information on these changes is the basis of gene-based disease management. Rust-infected leaves were collected from cereal crops from 2012 to 2015. The pathotypes of these and some historic samples were determined in glasshouse studies, using specific differential host sets. Eight pathotypes of Puccinia triticina (Pt, causal agent of wheat leaf rust), five of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst, causal agent of wheat stripe rust) and two of P. hordei (Ph, causal agent of barley leaf rust) were identified. The Pst 'WA' pathotype was most frequently found. Wheat varieties 'Empress' and 'Torch', previously resistant to Pt, were found to be susceptible to leaf rust for the first time. The 'WA' pathotype of Pst is likely to have arrived in New Zealand from Australia, and is now widespread. The two Pt pathotypes could have overcome resistance gene Lr24 in 'Empress' and 'Torch'. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand NSW Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 21, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia Australian Cereal Rust Control Programme, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2600, Australia Foundation for Arable Research, PO Box 23133 Hornby8441, New Zealand AU - Warren, R. M. AU - Cuddy, W. AU - Park, R. F. AU - Craigie, R. AU - Chng, S. F. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.156 KW - Barley leaf rust Disease Lr24 gene Puccinia hordei Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Puccinia triticina Resistance Wheat leaf rust Wheat stripe rust M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Chng, S.F.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedNew Zealand; email: Soonie.chng@plantandfood.co.nz References: Beresford, R.M., Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), a new disease of wheat in New Zealand (1982) Cereal Rusts Bulletin, 10, pp. 35-41; Braithwaite, M., Cromey, M.G., Saville, D.J., Cookson, T., Effects of fungicide rates and timing on control of stripe rust in wheat (1998) Proceedings of the 51st New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, pp. 66-70. , Quality Hotel, Hamilton, New Zealand, 11-13 August, 1998; Cromey, M.G., A new pathotype of Puccinia striiformis in New Zealand with increased pathogenicity to wheat cultivars with the adult plant resistance gene Yr14 (1992) Australasian Plant Pathology, 21, pp. 172-174; Cromey, M.G., New lineage of stripe rust is virulent on triticale (2013) From the Ground Up, Templeton, p. 9. , The Foundation for Arable Research; Cromey, M.G., Viljanen-Rollinson, S.L.H., Virulence of Puccinia hordei on barley in New Zealand from 1990 to 1993 (1995) New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23, pp. 115-119; Cuddy, W., (2016) The Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen in Australia-pathogenic Variation and Pathotype Designation, , https://rustbust.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Cereal-Rust-Report-2016-Vol-14-Issue-2.pdf, (January 2018); Doling, D.A., Doodson, J.K., The effect of yellow rust on the yield of spring and winter wheat (1968) Transactions of the Bristish Mycological Society, 51, p. 427; Hovmoller, M.S., Walter, S., Bayles, R.A., Hubbard, A., Flath, K., Sommerfeldt, N., Leconte, M., Vallavieille-Pope, C., Replacement of the European wheat yellow rust population by new races from the centre of diversity in the near-Himalayan region (2016) Plant Pathology, 65, pp. 402-411; Huerta-Espino, J., Singh, R.P., German, S., McCallum, B.D., Park, R.F., Chen, W.Q., Bhardwaj, S.C., Goyeau, H., Global status of wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (2011) Euphytica, 179, pp. 143-160; McIntosh, R.A., Wellings, C.R., Park, R.F., (1995) Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes, , CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia; Murray, G.M., Ellison, P.J., Watson, A., Effects of stripe rust on the wheat plant (1995) Australasian Plant Pathology, 24, pp. 261-270; (2018) Seasonal Climate Summaries, , https://www.niwa.co.nz/climate/summaries/seasonal, National Institute of Water and Atomospheric Research (April 2018); Park, R.F., (2013) Cereal Rust Report Season 2013. New Barley Leaf Rust Pathotype Detected in Western Australia, , The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbity; Park, R.F., Long term surveys of pathogen populations underpin sustained control of the rust diseases of wheat in Australia (2015) Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 148, pp. 15-27; Park, R.F., Wellings, C.R., Pathogenic specialisation of wheat rusts in Australia and New Zealand in 1988 and 1989 (1992) Australasian Plant Pathology, 21, pp. 61-69; Park, R.F., Mohler, V., Nazari, K., Singh, D., Characterisation and mapping of gene Lr73 conferring seedling resistance to Puccinia triticina in common wheat (2014) Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 127, pp. 2041-2049; Samborski, D., Wheat leaf rust (1985) The Cereal Rusts, pp. 39-59. , In: Roelfs AP, Bushnell WR eds. Academic Press, Florida, USA; Steele, K.A., Humphreys, E., Wellings, C.R., Dickinson, M.J., Support for a stepwise mutation model for pathogen evolution in Australasian Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici by use of molecular markers (2001) Plant Pathology, 50, pp. 174-180; Wellings, C.R., McIntosh, R.A., Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Australasia -pathogenic changes during the first 10 years (1990) Plant Pathology, 39, pp. 316-325; Wellings, C.R., Wright, D.G., Keiper, F., Loughman, R., First detection of wheat stripe rust in Western Australia: Evidence for a foreign incursion (2003) Australasian Plant Pathology, 32, pp. 321-322; Wellings, C.R., Puccinia striiformis in Australia: A review of the incursion, evolution, and adaptation of stripe rust in the period 1976-2006 (2007) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, pp. 567-575 PY - 2018 SP - 314-324 ST - Recent pathotype development of New Zealand cereal rust populations T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Recent pathotype development of New Zealand cereal rust populations UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051638197&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.156&partnerID=40&md5=0540214c5eb061ccfa61d76cb415e7f7 VL - 71 ID - 1143 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A computer-based tool (PRONTI; Priority Ranking Of Non-Target Invertebrates) has been developed to assist the selection of invertebrate species for risk-assessment testing with entomophagous biological control agents (BCAs). PRONTI was used to produce a prioritised list of taxa for host-range testing with the braconid parasitoid Eadya daenerys, a potential BCA for the eucalypt pest, Paropsis charybdis. The resulting list was compared with a list developed using traditional species selection methods. Seven of the nine species on the traditional list were in the PRONTI top 20. The remaining two species (Agasicles hygrophila and Cassida rubiginosa) may not have been selected if the PRONTI tool had been used. These two species were on the traditional list because they are in the same family as the target and are considered valuable BCAs. Alternative BCAs were prioritised by PRONTI. The other 13 taxa prioritised by PRONTI were not on the traditional list: The taxa are littleknown natives in the target subfamily or sister subfamily but larvae are presumed to be root-feeders, whereas target larvae are leaf-feeders. PRONTI can support the traditional approach by providing transparent evidence to support the selection (or rejection) of nontarget species for host-range testing. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, 9053, New Zealand AU - Withers, T. M. AU - Todd, J. H. AU - Gresham, B. A. AU - Barratt, B. I. P. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.183 KW - Biosafety Host-range testing Host-testing list Phylogeny Risk assessment M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Withers, T.M.; Scion, Private Bag 3020, New Zealand; email: toni.withers@scionresearch.com References: Barratt, B.I.P., Moeed, A., Environmental safety of biological control: Policy and practice in New Zealand (2005) Biological Control, 35, pp. 247-252; Barratt, B.I.P., Todd, J.H., Malone, L.A., Selecting non-target species for arthropod biological control agent host range testing: Evaluation of a novel method (2016) Biological Control, 93, pp. 84-92; De Little, D.W., A preliminary review of the genus Paropsis Olivier (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Tasmania (1979) Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 18, pp. 91-107; Gourlay, A.H., Fowler, S.V., Rattray, G., Abundance of ragwort flea beetle (Longitarsus jacobaeae) at five sites on the west coast, South Island, New Zealand (2005) LC0405/131 Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research; Hoddle, M.S., Chapter 4. Analysis of fauna in the receiving area for the purpose of identifying native species that exotic natural enemies may potentially attack (2004) Assessing Host Ranges for Parasitoids and Predators Used for Classical Biological Control: A Guide to Best Practice, pp. 24-39. , In: Van Driesche RG, Reardon R ed. USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia; Kuhlmann, U., Schaffner, U., Mason, P.G., Selection of non-target species for host specificity testing (2006) Environmental Impact of Invertebrates for Biological Control of Arthropods, pp. 15-37. , In: Bigler F, Babendreier D, Kuhlmann U ed. CABI International, Wallingford, UK; Manners, A.G., Palmer, W.A., Dhileepan, K., Hastwell, G.T., Walter, G.H., Characterising insect plant host relationships facilitates understanding multiple host use (2010) Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 4, pp. 7-17; Nahrung, H.F., Allen, G.R., Sexual selection under scramble competition: Mate location and mate choice in the eucalypt leaf beetle Chrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis) in the field (2004) Journal of Insect Behavior, 17, pp. 353-366; Paynter, Q.E., Fowler, S.V., Gourlay, A.H., Haines, M.L., Harman, H.M., Hona, S.R., Peterson, P.G., Withers, T.M., Safety in New Zealand weed biocontrol: A nationwide survey for impacts on non-target plants (2004) New Zealand Plant Protection, 57, pp. 102-107; Peixoto, L., Allen, G.R., Ridenbaugh, R.D., Quarrell, S.R., Withers, T.M., Sharanowski, B.J., When taxonomy and biological control researchers unite: Species delimitation of Eadya parasitoids (Braconidae) and consequences for classical biological control of invasive paropsine pests of Eucalyptus (2018) PLoS ONE, , in press; Reid, C.A.M., A taxonomic revision of the Australian Chrysomelinae, with a key to the genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (2006) Zootaxa, 1292, pp. 1-119; Reid, C.A.M., Chrysomeloidea Latreille, 1802 (2014) Handbook of Zoology, Vol IV (Arthropoda: Insecta), Part 38 Coleoptera, Beetles. Morphology and Systematics, pp. 11-16. , In: Leschen RAB, Beutel RG ed. De Gruyter, Berlin; Rice, A.D., The parasitoid guild of larvae of Chrysophtharta agricola Chapuis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Tasmania, with notes on biology and a description of a new genus and species of tachinid fly (2005) Australian Journal of Entomology, 44, pp. 400-408; Ridenbaugh, R.D., Barbeau, E., Sharanowski, B.J., Descriptiom of four new species of Eadya (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) parasitoids of the Eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Paropsis charybdis) and other Eucalyptus defoliating leaf beetles (2018) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, , (In press); Stewart, C.A., Chapman, R.B., Emberson, R.M., Syrett, P., Frampton, C.M.A., The effect of temperature on the development and survival of Agasicles hygrophila Selman & Vogt (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) (1999) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 26, pp. 11-20; Todd, J.H., Barratt, B.I.P., Tooman, L., Beggs, J., Malone, L.A., Selecting non-target species for risk assessment of entomophagous biological control agents: Evaluation of the PRONTI decision-support tool (2015) Biological Control, 80, pp. 77-88; Todd, J.H., Barratt, B., Withers, T.M., Berndt, L.A., Gresham, B.A., Avila, G.A., Malone, L.A., A comparison of methods for selecting non-target species for risk assessment of the biological control agent Cotesia urabae (2016) Bio Control, 62, pp. 39-52; Withers, T.M., Allen, G.R., Reid, C.A.M., Selecting potential non-target species for host range testing of Eadya paropsidis (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 179-186 PY - 2018 SP - 221-231 ST - Comparing traditional methods of test species selection with the PRONTI tool for host-range testing of Eadya daenerys (Braconidae) T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Comparing traditional methods of test species selection with the PRONTI tool for host-range testing of Eadya daenerys (Braconidae) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051634114&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.183&partnerID=40&md5=1d593976baf50c08f73e456a689f2349 VL - 71 ID - 1150 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Powdery mildew is a major cause of damage to squash plants. Anhydrous milk fat (AMF) or soybean oil (SBO) may be effective at treating this disease but these active ingredients must be mixed with an emulsifier to enable even distribution and suspension of fat globules, and an antioxidant to prevent rancidity. The overall formulation may affect disease control efficacy, leaf health and product stability. The effect of different emulsifiers and antioxidants on emulsion stability, odour and shelf-life of AMF and SBO bio-fungicides was tested in laboratory assays, and on powdery mildew disease control efficacy and leaf health on glasshouse-grown squash plants. Both AMF and SBO formulations including a polyglycerol ester emulsifier (GrindstedR PGE 20 Veg) resulted in the best emulsion stability, disease control and leaf health. None of the antioxidants tested significantly affected on disease control efficacy in AMF formulations, but SBO formulations containing Vitamin E as the antioxidant provided the best disease control efficacy and emulsion stability. © 2018 New Zealand Plant Protection Society. All rights reserved. AD - New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Private Bag 3230, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand AU - Wurms, K. AU - Chee, A. A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.124 KW - Anhydrous milk fat Antioxidant Bio-fungicide Emulsifier Formulation Powdery mildew Soybean oil M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 30 August 2018 Correspondence Address: Wurms, K.; New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Private Bag 3230, New Zealand; email: kirstin.wurms@plantandfood.co.nz References: Ah Chee, A., Wurms, K.V., George, M., Control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae) on rose (Rosa L. sp. ) using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 195-200; Ah Chee, A., George, M., Alavi, M., Wurms, K., Lipid-based bio-fungicides for control of powdery mildew in cucurbits (2018) New Zealand Plant Protection, 71, pp. 262-271; Baysal-Gurel, F., Miller, S.A., Management of powdery mildew in greenhouse tomato production with biorational products and fungicides (2015) IV International Symposium on Tomato Diseases. Acta Horticulturae, pp. 179-183. , In: Paret ML, Vallad GE, Zhang S, Jones JB eds; Finger, S.A., Wolf, T.K., Baudoin, A.B., Effects of horticultural oils on the photosynthesis, fruit maturity, and crop yield of winegrapes (2002) American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 53, pp. 116-124; Kordali, S., Cakir, A., Ozer, H., Cakmakci, R., Kesdek, M., Mete, E., Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene (2008) Bioresource Technology, 99, pp. 8788-8795; (2018) ACVM Regsitration Standard and Guideline for the Chemistry of Veterinary Medicines, , www.mpi.govt.nz/exporting/agricultural-chemicalsand-vet-medicines/veterinary-medicines/requirements/, Ministry for Primary Industries(accessed 23 March 2018); (2006) ACVM Regsitration Standard and Guideline for the Chemistry of Veterinary Medicines, , www.nzfsa.govt.nz/acvm/publications/standards-guidelines/chem-pc.pdf, New Zealand Food Safety Authority(accessed 1 October 2006); Moran, R.E., De, D., Sams, C.E., Pless, C.D., Cummins, J.C., Soybean oil as a summer spray for apple: European red mite control, net CO2 assimilation and phytotoxicity (2003) HortScience, 38, pp. 234-238; Olcott, H.S., Mattill, H.A., Constituents of fats and oils affecting the development of rancidity (1941) Chemical Reviews, 29, pp. 257-268; Perrin, D.R., Perrin, D.D., The determination of free fatty acids in milk (1958) Journal of Dairy Research, 25, pp. 221-227; (2013) Kinds of Food Emulsifiers, , www.rikenvitamin.com/foodingredients/emulsifier/kind.html, Riken Vitamin Co. (accessed 16 March 2018); Spencer, D.M., Standardised methods for the evaluation of fungicides to control cucumber powdery mildew (1977) Crop Protection Agents - Their Biological Evaluation, pp. 455-464. , In: McFarlane NR ed. Academic Press, London; Ulukanli, Z., Karaborklu, S., Bozok, F., Ates, B., Erdogan, S., Cenet, M., Karaaslan, M.G., Chemical composition, antimicrobial, insecticidal, phytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Mediterranean Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea resin essential oils (2014) Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 12, pp. 901-910; Wurms, K., Ah Chee, A., Elmer, P., Agnew, R., Wood, P., Developing new biologically-based products for control of botrytis bunch rot.Part 1: Developing a new natural product for mid-season botrytis control - NP2 moves closer to the market (2011) Wine and Viticulture Journal, 26, pp. 64-72; Wurms, K.V., Ah Chee, A., (2007) Fungicidal Composition Comprising Anhydrous Milk Fat (AMF) and Soybean Oil for the Treatment of Powdery Mildew, , Patent No. NZ534007A. Horticulture & Food Research Institute NZ; Wurms, K.V., Ah Chee, A., Control of powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) on apple seedlings using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions (2011) New Zealand Plant Protection, 64, pp. 201-208; Wurms, K.V., Hofland-Zijlstra, J.D., Control of powdery mildew on glasshouse-grown roses and tomatoes in the Netherlands using anhydrous milk fat and soybean oil emulsions (2015) New Zealand Plant Protection, 68, pp. 380-388; Zhuang, Q.G., Wang, L.H., Li, M.Z., Hou, T.P., Xie, Y., 'EnSpray 99' Mineral oils for white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona and phytotoxicity to 'Hongyang' kiwifruit (2015) VIII International Symposium on Kiwifruit, pp. 363-369. , In: Huang H, Zhang Q eds. Acta Horticulturae PY - 2018 SP - 272-284 ST - Product formulation is crucial to the success of lipidbased bio-fungicides T2 - New Zealand Plant Protection TI - Product formulation is crucial to the success of lipidbased bio-fungicides UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051623345&doi=10.30843%2fnzpp.2018.71.124&partnerID=40&md5=9aa2ac33b55a029ff6d0b2153830615f VL - 71 ID - 1135 ER -